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Gavrilova Y, Rooney E, Lesher A. Perceived stress and posttraumatic growth in caregivers of pediatric burn patients undergoing mHealth-enhanced outpatient burn care: A pilot study. Burns 2024; 50:1682-1689. [PMID: 38705775 PMCID: PMC11182365 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 120,000 children in the United States are evaluated in the emergency department annually due to burn injuries. Studies have consistently documented that pediatric burns are among the most stressful events for caregivers, resulting in a wide range of emotions, including guilt, anxiety, grief, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms, as well as positive psychological changes, a phenomenon known as posttraumatic growth. The present pilot study aimed to explore the prevalence of elevated perceived stress as well as posttraumatic growth among caregivers of pediatric burn patients receiving outpatient burn care and using an mHealth burn platform to administer burn treatment. Our results demonstrated that, on average, caregivers endorsed similar or lower levels of perceived stress over the past 30 days compared to the general population of 30-44-year-old adults and only a third of caregivers reported elevated levels of perceived stress in the past 30 days. However, during the treatment phase, two-thirds of caregivers reported elevated levels of stress. Further, approximately half of the caregiver sample reported moderate to high levels of posttraumatic growth following their child's burn injury. This pilot study clarifies the level of the perceived stress that caregivers of burn-injured children experience, particularly during the treatment phase when they are responsible for their children's outpatient burn care (e.g., dressing changes). Additionally, the results shed light on the high prevalence of moderate to high posttraumatic growth in caregivers, with a prevalence rate similar to other trauma survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Gavrilova
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St., CSB 417, MSC 613, Charleston, 29425, SC, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St., CSB 417, MSC 613, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Emily Rooney
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, 2801 Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Aaron Lesher
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St., CSB 417, MSC 613, Charleston, 29425, SC, USA
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2
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Yancey JR, Ma J, Subramaniam P, Carson CN, McGlade EC, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Renshaw PF. Creatine concentration in the anterior cingulate cortex is associated with greater stress recovery from traumatic events: Preliminary evidence from a US Veteran sample. J Affect Disord 2024; 355:115-121. [PMID: 38548194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by a prolonged stress response to potentially life-threatening events long after the event has passed. Understanding factors related to recovery from traumatic life events may inform novel targets for intervention. There is emerging preclinical evidence that creatine (Cr), a molecule critical to brain bioenergetics, may be a neurobiological marker of stress reactivity and recovery. METHOD 25 US Veterans (8 female) completed the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5, which assessed different types of traumatic events. Veterans were also asked to rate the subjective stress of each traumatic event on a 1-10 scale currently (Current Stress) and at the time the event occurred (Past Stress). Stress recovery was quantified as the difference between Current and Past Stress. Current PTSD symptoms were also assessed using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5. Cr concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were measured in the anterior cingulate cortex using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). RESULTS Higher levels of Cr were associated with self-reported stress recovery from participants' most traumatic life event. Cr was not related to number of different types of traumatic life events or current PTSD symptoms. LIMITATIONS The sample size was relatively small. Stress recovery was measured via retrospective self-report. Future experimental work in humans should clarify the protective role of Cr in recovery from trauma. CONCLUSIONS ACC concentrations of Cr may be an important neurochemical factor related to stress recovery. Future work should investigate Cr as a possible protective factor against the effects of traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Yancey
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; Hunstman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Jiyoung Ma
- Hunstman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Punitha Subramaniam
- Hunstman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Chelsea N Carson
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; Hunstman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Erin C McGlade
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; Hunstman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Deborah A Yurgelun-Todd
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; Hunstman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; Hunstman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States of America
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3
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Serpa-Barrientos A, Calvet MLM, Acosta AGD, Fernández ACP, Rivas Díaz LH, Albites FMA, Saintila J. The relationship between positive and negative stress and posttraumatic growth in university students: the mediating role of resilience. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:348. [PMID: 37864261 PMCID: PMC10589930 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on understanding the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between posttraumatic growth (PTG) and positive and negative stress among students is limited. The objective of this research was to evaluate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between positive and negative stress and PTG in university students. METHODS The research was carried out using an associative strategy with an empirical approach and explanatory design, with a sample of 507 participants whose average age was 22.38 years ([Formula: see text]= 3.758), the sample was mostly composed of women (70.4%). RESULTS The results allow us to describe that resilience plays a complete mediating role in the relationship between negative stress and PTG. On the other hand, mediation was partial when resilience mediated the relationship between positive stress and PTG. In addition, multigroup invariance analyses according to gender and geographic context show that there is no difference in males, females, and the region where they reside. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the hypothesis that resilience fulfills the mediating function is ratified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jacksaint Saintila
- Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Peruana Unión, Carretera Central, Km 19.5, Lima 15, Lima, Perú.
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Nurius PS, Sefidgar YS, Kuehn KS, Jung J, Zhang H, Figueira O, Riskin EA, Dey AK, Mankoff JC. Distress among undergraduates: Marginality, stressors and resilience resources. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:1445-1453. [PMID: 34232850 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1935969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study addresses mental health concerns among university students, examining cumulative stress exposure as well as resilience resources. Participants: Participants were 253 first- and second-year undergraduate students (age = 18.76; 49.80% male, 69% students of color) enrolled at a large western US university. Methods: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional online survey examining marginalized statuses and multiple stressors alongside coping responses, adaptive self-concept, and social support as predictors of stress, anxiety, and depression. Results: Multivariate regressions demonstrated significant associations between stress exposures and lower levels of resilience resources with each mental health indicator (with substantial R2 of.49-.60). Although stressor exposures accounted for significant increases in mental health concerns, their exploratory power was attenuated by resilience resources (e.g., beta decreases from.25 to.16). Conclusions: Better understanding cumulative adversity/resilience resource profiles, particularly among marginalized students, can help universities in prioritizing institutional support responses toward prevention and mitigating psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Nurius
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yasaman S Sefidgar
- Paul Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kevin S Kuehn
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jake Jung
- Paul Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- Paul Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Olivia Figueira
- Grainger College of Engineering Computer Science, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | - Eve A Riskin
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WashingtonUSA
| | - Anind K Dey
- Information School, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer C Mankoff
- Paul Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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5
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Haidl TK, Hedderich DM, Rosen M, Kaiser N, Seves M, Lichtenstein T, Penzel N, Wenzel J, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L, Ruef A, Popovic D, Schultze-Lutter F, Chisholm K, Upthegrove R, Salokangas RKR, Pantelis C, Meisenzahl E, Wood SJ, Brambilla P, Borgwardt S, Ruhrmann S, Kambeitz J, Koutsouleris N. The non-specific nature of mental health and structural brain outcomes following childhood trauma. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1005-1014. [PMID: 34225834 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma (CT) is associated with an increased risk of mental health disorders; however, it is unknown whether this represents a diagnosis-specific risk factor for specific psychopathology mediated by structural brain changes. Our aim was to explore whether (i) a predictive CT pattern for transdiagnostic psychopathology exists, and whether (ii) CT can differentiate between distinct diagnosis-dependent psychopathology. Furthermore, we aimed to identify the association between CT, psychopathology and brain structure. METHODS We used multivariate pattern analysis in data from 643 participants of the Personalised Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management study (PRONIA), including healthy controls (HC), recent onset psychosis (ROP), recent onset depression (ROD), and patients clinically at high-risk for psychosis (CHR). Participants completed structured interviews and self-report measures including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, SCID diagnostic interview, BDI-II, PANSS, Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument, Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms and structural MRI, analyzed by voxel-based morphometry. RESULTS (i) Patients and HC could be distinguished by their CT pattern with a reasonable precision [balanced accuracy of 71.2% (sensitivity = 72.1%, specificity = 70.4%, p ≤ 0.001]. (ii) Subdomains 'emotional neglect' and 'emotional abuse' were most predictive for CHR and ROP, while in ROD 'physical abuse' and 'sexual abuse' were most important. The CT pattern was significantly associated with the severity of depressive symptoms in ROD, ROP, and CHR, as well as with the PANSS total and negative domain scores in the CHR patients. No associations between group-separating CT patterns and brain structure were found. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that CT poses a transdiagnostic risk factor for mental health disorders, possibly related to depressive symptoms. While differences in the quality of CT exposure exist, diagnostic differentiation was not possible suggesting a multi-factorial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K Haidl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dennis M Hedderich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marlene Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nathalie Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mauro Seves
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lichtenstein
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nora Penzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian Wenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Ruef
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - David Popovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katharine Chisholm
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Womens and Childrens NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eva Meisenzahl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (Psychiatric University Hospital, UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry Munich, Munich, Germany
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6
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Liu Y, Zou L, Yan S, Zhang P, Zhang J, Wen J, Mao J, Li L, Wang Y, Fu W. Burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among medical staff two years after the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China: Social support and resilience as mediators. J Affect Disord 2023; 321:126-133. [PMID: 36280200 PMCID: PMC9585849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the relationship between burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is limited. We aimed to evaluate the association between burnout and PTSD symptoms among medical staff two years after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Wuhan, China, and explore the mediating roles of social support and psychological resilience. METHODS A multicenter survey was conducted online from January to March 2022 among healthcare professionals from six general hospitals. Hierarchical linear regression was used to detect the predictors of PTSD symptoms. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the pathways from burnout to PTSD symptoms. RESULTS Hierarchical linear regression showed that burnout, social support, and psychological resilience were significant predictors of PTSD symptoms among medical staff. In the SEM, the standardized total effect of burnout on PTSD symptoms was 0.336(bias-corrected 95 % confidence interval [0.303, 0.367], P < 0.001). Social support and psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between burnout and PTSD symptoms (indirect effects accounted for 22.3 % of the total effect). LIMITATIONS Owing to the cross-sectional design, only clues to causal explanations can be provided. CONCLUSIONS Burnout has significant direct and indirect effects on PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, social support and psychological resilience might be effective ways to reduce the impact of burnout on PTSD symptoms in medical staff after a major public health outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Liu
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijiao Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China,School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Mao
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longti Li
- Department of Nursing, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenning Fu
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Resilience and its association with post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression symptoms in the aftermath of trauma: A cross-sectional study from Nepal. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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8
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Bakaitytė A, Puente-Martínez A, Ubilos-Landa S, Žukauskienė R. Path to posttraumatic growth: The role of centrality of event, deliberate and intrusive rumination, and self blame in women victims and survivors of intimate partner violence. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1018569. [PMID: 36389602 PMCID: PMC9651968 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1018569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased interest in positive changes in the aftermath of traumatic events led researchers to examine assumptions about the process of posttraumatic growth (PTG). However, existing studies often use samples from mixed trauma survivors and investigate separate factors and their associations with growth. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the path from centrality of event to PTG involving intrusive and deliberate rumination and self-blame as a coping strategy in women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). The study sample consisted of 200 women with a history of IPV (ages 18–69, M = 44.79, SD = 12.94). Results of the path analysis indicated that higher centrality of event was related to higher levels of intrusive rumination which was positively related to self-blame and deliberate rumination eventually leading to PTG. Indirect effects from centrality of event to PTG through intrusive and deliberate rumination, and from intrusive to deliberate rumination through self-blame were examined. This study gave support to some theoretical assumptions of the process of PTG and pointed out problematic areas of investigation of coping strategies in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aistė Bakaitytė
- Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- *Correspondence: Aistė Bakaitytė,
| | - Alicia Puente-Martínez
- Department of Social Psychology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Silvia Ubilos-Landa
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Rita Žukauskienė
- Institute of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Hong X, Liu Y, Zhang M. Perceived Crisis Management and Post-Traumatic Growth among Chinese Preschool Teachers during COVID-19: Risk Perception as a Moderator. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13697. [PMID: 36294272 PMCID: PMC9603358 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study explored post-traumatic growth among preschool teachers during COVID-19 and investigated associations among post-traumatic growth, perceived crisis management, and risk perception. The participants were 2921 Chinese preschool teachers (96.5% women). Teachers' reports of post-traumatic growth, perceived crisis management, and risk perception were analyzed by multivariate techniques. The results revealed that preschool teachers' post-traumatic growth was at an intermediate level, and there was no significant difference in post-traumatic growth by risk level area. Post-traumatic growth was significantly related to risk perception and perceived crisis management, and risk perception appeared to moderate the relationship between perceived crisis management and post-traumatic growth. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the roles of perceived crisis management and risk perception in preschool teachers' post-traumatic growth. Related suggestions for preschool teachers' mental health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Hong
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Youpeng Liu
- Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Street, Hai Dian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- Shandong Province Pre-Primary Education Centre, No. 8 Nan Xu Men Wai Street, Li Xia District, Jinan 250012, China
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10
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Eze JE, Ifeagwazi CM, Chukwuorji JC. Locating event centrality in associations of emotion regulation with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and posttraumatic growth in emerging adults. J Migr Health 2022; 6:100139. [PMID: 36304445 PMCID: PMC9593814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggests that cognitive reappraisal (CR) and expressive suppression (ES) strategies of emotion regulation (ER) are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG). How the patterns of these associations may vary in the context of event centrality (EC) however requires investigation to help delineate groups for whom the impact of event centrality may be more salient. We examined whether EC would moderate the associations of CR and ES with PTSD symptoms clusters and PTG domains among 388 emerging adults (18-30 year-olds) of Tiv ethnic group who were survivors of armed attack by Fulani herdsmen and were temporarily sheltered in two internally displaced persons' (IDPs') camps in North-central Nigeria. They completed self-report measures of the variables. Results indicated that EC strengthened the negative associations of CR and the positive associations of ES with avoidance, hyper-arousal and total PTSD symptoms, but not intrusion symptoms. For the PTG domains, EC only strengthened the positive association between CR and personal strength and weakened the association of ES with greater appreciation of life. These findings suggest that primary intervention programs that incorporate training of armed attack survivors in cognitive reappraisal strategy centered on the traumatic event could be effective in controlling PTSD but be less critical in engendering PTG. They also show that the psychological processes that underlie PTSD and PTG are related but involve nuances even within PTSD, and do not seamlessly set into the Janoff-Bulman's "strength through suffering" model of PTG. More research is required to test the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Eze
- Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu 41000, Nigeria
| | | | - JohnBosco Chika Chukwuorji
- Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu 41000, Nigeria,Center for Translation and Implementation Research (CTAIR), College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu 41000, Nigeria.
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11
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Schiff M, Chow A, Noi GS. Riding the waves of the pandemic from West to East: The social workers' experience an International collaboration on study of social workers during COVID-19. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2022; 61:185-198. [PMID: 35929856 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2022.2108569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Schiff
- The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University, Israel
| | - Amy Chow
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Goh Soon Noi
- Medical Social Services, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
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12
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Ashby JS, Rice KG, Kira IA, Davari J. The relationship of COVID-19 traumatic stress, cumulative trauma, and race to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:2597-2610. [PMID: 34855214 PMCID: PMC9015429 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test if coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) traumatic stress predicts posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after cumulative trauma and whether there is a three-way interaction between COVID-19 traumatic stress, cumulative trauma, and race in the prediction of PTSD. Using a cross-sectional design, a diverse sample of 745 participants completed measures of cumulative trauma, COVID-19 traumatic stress, and PTSD. COVID-19 traumatic stress accounted for a significant amount of the variance in PTSD above and beyond cumulative trauma. A significant interaction effect was found, indicating that the effect of COVID-19 traumatic stress in predicting PTSD varied as a function of cumulative trauma and that the effects of that interaction were different for Asians and Whites. There were generally comparable associations between COVID-19 traumatic stress and PTSD at low and high levels of cumulative trauma across most racial groups. However, for Asians, higher levels of cumulative trauma did not worsen the PTSD outcome as a function of COVID Traumatic Stress but did at low levels of cumulative trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Ashby
- Center for the Study of Stress Trauma and Resilience, Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Kenneth G. Rice
- Center for the Study of Stress Trauma and Resilience, Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Jaleh Davari
- Center for the Study of Stress Trauma and Resilience, Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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13
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Bryngeirsdottir HS, Arnault DS, Halldorsdottir S. The Post-Traumatic Growth Journey of Women Who Have Survived Intimate Partner Violence: A Synthesized Theory Emphasizing Obstacles and Facilitating Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8653. [PMID: 35886504 PMCID: PMC9321137 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Suffering intimate partner violence (IPV) is a devastating personal experience and post-traumatic growth (PTG) is a positive, psychological change in a person, following trauma such as IPV. There is a gap in the literature when it comes to theories on PTG after surviving IPV. The aim of this theory development was to synthesize an approach to understanding the PTG journey of female IPV survivors. According to our theory, their PTG journey includes eight main components: 1. The women's early experience of trauma, 2. The consequences of that trauma, 3. Their experiences of IPV, 4. The consequences of IPV, 5. The facilitating factors to PTG, 6. The hindering factors to PTG, 7. Their experience of PTG, and 8. The lingering effects of IPV. According to our findings, PTG is a real possibility for female IPV survivors, and it is likely to improve their mental health, well-being, and quality of life, as well as that of their children, loved ones, and communities, thereby decreasing the damaging effects of IPV. The theory can be useful for professionals when guiding female survivors of IPV to promote their recovery and healing. Due to the lack of research in this field, additional research is needed to further develop this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulda S. Bryngeirsdottir
- School of Health Sciences, University of Akureyri, Solborg v/Nordurslod, 600 Akureyri, Iceland; (D.S.A.); (S.H.)
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14
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Yetim O. Examining the relationships between stressful life event, resilience, self-esteem, trauma, and psychiatric symptoms in Syrian migrant adolescents living in Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2022.2072749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Onat Yetim
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Psychiatrist at Dr. Ersin Arslan Research and Educational Hospital in Gaziantep, Turkey
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15
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Xu W, Feng C, Tang W, Yang Y. Rumination, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, and Posttraumatic Growth Among Wenchuan Earthquake Adult Survivors: A Developmental Perspective. Front Public Health 2022; 9:764127. [PMID: 35059376 PMCID: PMC8764254 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.764127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the long-term effects of the Wenchuan earthquake among adult survivors. Specifically, it explored the role of perceived social support (PSS) in the relationship between rumination and posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Data were collected from March to July 2020 using a youth survivor sample (n = 476) of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Participants were divided into three groups depending on their age when the quake occurred: 6-11 years (n = 227), 12-15 years (n = 83), 16-19 years (n = 166). The results indicated that long-term PTG and PTSD symptom levels varied by age group. Both intrusive and deliberate ruminations had a significant effect on PTG as well as PTSD symptoms. PSS played a mediating role between rumination and PTG, and the mediation mechanisms varied by age group (developmental stages). Moderated analyses revealed that PSS from significant others significantly buffered the indirect effect of rumination on PTSD symptoms. Our findings demonstrated the universal nature of traumatic events encountered during childhood and adolescence development and underscore the importance of examining the developmental context of PTG in investigations on traumatic experiences and their consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Xu
- Department of Sociology and Psychology, School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Wanjie Tang
- Center for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- School of Public Administration, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Chen H, Gao J, Dai J, Mao Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Xiao Q, Jia Y, Zheng P, Fu H. Generalized anxiety disorder and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from China during the early rapid outbreak. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1830. [PMID: 34627208 PMCID: PMC8502085 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a common but urgent mental health problem during disease outbreaks. Resilience buffers against the negative impacts of life stressors on common internalizing psychopathology such as GAD. This study assesses the prevalence of GAD and examines the protective or compensatory effect of resilience against worry factors during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Chinese citizens aged ≥18 years from January 31 to February 2, 2020. A total of 4827 participants across 31 provinces and autonomous regions of the mainland of China participated in this study. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and a self-designed worry questionnaire were used to asses anxiety disorder prevalence, resilience level, and anxiety risk factors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the associations of resilience and worry factors with GAD prevalence after controlling for other covariates. RESULTS The prevalence of anxiety disorder was 22.6% across the 31 areas, and the highest prevalence was 35.4% in Hubei province. After controlling for covariates, the results suggested a higher GAD prevalence among participants who were worried about themselves or family members being infected with COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio, AOR 3.40, 95%CI 2.43-4.75), worried about difficulty obtaining masks (AOR 1.92, 95%CI 1.47-2.50), worried about difficulty of distinguishing true information (AOR 1.65, 95%CI 1.36-2.02), worried about the prognosis of COVID-19 (AOR 2.41, 95%CI 1.75-3.33), worried about delays in working (AOR 1.71, 95%CI 1.27-.31), or worried about decreased income (AOR 1.45, 95%CI 1.14-1.85) compared with those without such worries. Additionally, those with a higher resilience level had a lower prevalence of GAD (AOR 0.59, 95%CI 0.51-0.70). Resilience also showed a mediating effect, with a negative influence on worry factors and thereby a negative association with GAD prevalence. CONCLUSION It may be beneficial to promote public mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak through enhancing resilience, which may buffer against adverse psychological effects from worry factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Junling Gao
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Junming Dai
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yimeng Mao
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Suhong Chen
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qianyi Xiao
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yingnan Jia
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Pinpin Zheng
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hua Fu
- Preventive Medicine and Health Education Department, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No.138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
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17
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Haslam C, Latilla T, Muldoon OT, Cruwys T, Kearns M. Multiple group membership supports resilience and growth in response to violence and abuse. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Haslam
- School of Psychology The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Tatiana Latilla
- School of Psychology The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Melbourne DBT Centre Melbourne Queensland Australia
| | - Orla T. Muldoon
- Department of Psychology University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
- Centre for Social Issues Research University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
| | - Tegan Cruwys
- Research School of Psychology The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Michelle Kearns
- Department of Psychology University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
- Glencree Centre for Peace and Reconciliation Wicklow Ireland
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18
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Djelantik AAAMJ, Aryani P, Boelen PA, Lesmana CBJ, Kleber RJ. Prolonged grief disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression following traffic accidents among bereaved Balinese family members: Prevalence, latent classes and cultural correlates. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:773-781. [PMID: 34174749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Qualitative studies have described the rather unique styles of Balinese people to adjust to adversity. No quantitative research assessing psychopathology among bereaved individuals has been performed yet. This study estimated the prevalence of prolonged grief disorder (PGD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among bereaved individuals after traffic deaths in Bali and the relations between subgroups sharing the same symptoms and cultural, socio-demographic characteristics and posttraumatic growth (PTG). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 301 participants participated in questionnaire-interviews assessing PGD, PTSD, depression, PTG and cultural and socio-demographic characteristics. On average, the time since loss was 16 months. The purpose of the rituals was examined by a thematic qualitative analysis. We performed latent class analyses and subsequently calculated the odds ratios between membership of classes and characteristics with a multivariate 3step analysis. RESULTS Prevalence rates of PGD (0%), PTSD (1%) and moderate depression (2%) were low. Most participants followed the bereavement rituals characteristic for Balinese culture. The purpose of these rituals was mainly the expression of caring for the deceased. We found a large resilient class (76%) and two smaller classes, one characterized by elevated PGD symptoms (11%) and one by elevated PTSD symptoms (13%). Loss of close kin was associated with membership of the PTSD class. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence rates of PGD, PTSD and depression in the Balinese community were remarkably low. Participants appeared to be quite homogeneous in following religious and cultural habits. Aspects of the Balinese culture might protect bereaved individuals for developing mental health issues and could be used for an informed refinement of bereavement rituals in other cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A A Manik J Djelantik
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Altrecht GGZ Youth Department - KOOS, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Putu Aryani
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Paul A Boelen
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rolf J Kleber
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Haidl TK, Gruen M, Dizinger J, Rosen M, Doll CM, Penzel N, Daum L, Große Hokamp N, Klosterkötter J, Ruhrmann S, Vogeley K, Schultze-Lutter F, Kambeitz J. Is there a diagnosis-specific influence of childhood trauma on later educational attainment? A machine learning analysis in a large help-seeking sample. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:591-597. [PMID: 33992982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversities and trauma (CAT) are associated with poor functional outcome. However, the influence of the single CAT aspects on the risk of a poor functional outcome within different mental disorders has not been investigated so far. Our aims were (i) to predict individual functional outcome based on CAT (ii) to examine whether the prediction power differs within different diagnostic groups (clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR), psychosis, affective disorders, anxiety disorders) (iii) to compare the specific patterns of CAT experiences, influencing functional outcomes in these groups. METHOD Clinical data of 707 patients (mean age: 25.09 years (SD = 5.6), 65.5% male) of the Cologne Early Recognition and Intervention Center were assessed with the Trauma And Distress Scale. Functional outcome was estimated by the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale and school educational attainment. Using machine learning, we generated individualized models to predict functional outcome and to identify specific CAT patterns. RESULTS Across the entire sample, the best prediction for the functional outcome achieved a balanced accuracy (BAC) of 0.6. After splitting into the single diagnostic groups, an improvement with best results in the psychosis group (BAC = 0.70) was observed. Considering specific CAT patterns, the most predictive items depicted a positive and caring environment - or the absence of these, a positive self-image and experiences of bullying. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that CAT was differentially associated with functional outcome in the various mental disorders. Thus, the importance of mediating variables, that might explain the interindividual differences in the vulnerability to CAT, like resilience factors, appeared to be crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Katharina Haidl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Michael Gruen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian Dizinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marlene Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolin Martha Doll
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nora Penzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lukas Daum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils Große Hokamp
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim Klosterkötter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Vogeley
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Research Center Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Cognitive Neuroscience (INM3), Germany
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia; University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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20
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Minooee S, Cummins A, Foureur M, Travaglia J. Shoulder dystocia: A panic station or an opportunity for post-traumatic growth? Midwifery 2021; 101:103044. [PMID: 34098223 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic births are considered as challenging events in the professional life of midwives. Negative emotional and psychological consequences of these births on midwives are well-established. However, evidence suggests that in the aftermath of challenging events, such as birth traumas, positive outcomes may emerge as well. Based on the literature, shoulder dystocia (SD) is known as one of the most traumatic birth experiences for midwives. In this study we aimed to explore the impact of experiencing SD complicated births on clinical practice of midwives. METHODS A qualitative descriptive study was undertaken. Midwives who had an experience of at least one case of SD were invited to the study through the Australian College of Midwives. In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 midwives. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. RESULTS Three themes were identified 1) Putting on a brave face 2) Towards the growth zone 3) I am resilient enough to recover, because of …. Experience of SD was described as a dreadful event in midwives' career. However, on reflection, this experience was considered as a benefit which developed midwives' clinical expertise and contributed to their professional empowerment. Having faith in birth normality, support from workplace, seniority/ years of experience and self-confidence were among the factors which helped midwives in overcoming the stress after SD. CONCLUSION There needs to be greater awareness about the consequences of traumatic births such as SD for midwives. Collegial support has a critical role in helping midwives to have a positive outlook on their traumatic experience and to ease their pathway of professional growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Minooee
- Centre for Midwifery, Child and Family Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Allison Cummins
- Centre for Midwifery, Child and Family Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Maralyn Foureur
- Hunter New England Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre & University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Joanne Travaglia
- Centre for Health Services Management, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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21
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Akcan G, Öztürk E, Erdoğan B. The investigation of the mediating role of coping trategies on the relationship between childhood traumas, depression and alcohol use disorder in university students. J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 123:108305. [PMID: 33612188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of coping strategies on the relationship among childhood traumas, depression, and alcohol use disorder in university students. The participants of this study consisted of 735 (209 males and 526 females) university students. Participants completed measures of depressive symptoms, childhood traumas, problematic alcohol consumption, and coping strategies as well as a sociodemographic information form. According to results, coping strategies fully mediated the relationship between childhood traumas and alcohol use disorder, and partially mediated the relationship between childhood traumas and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Akcan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erdinç Öztürk
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Barışhan Erdoğan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
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22
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Armitage JM, Wang RAH, Davis OSP, Bowes L, Haworth CMA. Peer victimisation during adolescence and its impact on wellbeing in adulthood: a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:148. [PMID: 33451312 PMCID: PMC7811215 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peer victimisation is a common occurrence and has well-established links with a range of psychiatric problems in adulthood. Significantly less is known however, about how victimisation influences positive aspects of mental health such as wellbeing. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess for the first time, whether peer victimisation in adolescence is associated with adult wellbeing. We aimed to understand whether individuals who avoid a diagnosis of depression after victimisation, maintain good wellbeing in later life, and therefore display resilience. Methods Longitudinal data was taken from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a prospective cohort study based in the UK. Peer victimisation was assessed at 13 years using a modified version of the bullying and friendship interview schedule, and wellbeing at age 23 using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. The presence or absence of depression was diagnosed using the Clinical Interview Schedule–Revised at 18 years. A series of logistic and linear regression analyses were used to explore relationships between peer victimisation, depression, and wellbeing, adjusting for potentially confounding individual and family factors. Results Just over 15% of victims of frequent bullying had a diagnosis of depression at age 18. Victimisation also had a significant impact on wellbeing, with a one-point increase in frequent victimisation associated with a 2.71-point (SE = 0.46, p < 0.001) decrease in wellbeing scores aged 23. This finding remained after adjustment for the mediating and moderating effects of depression, suggesting that the burden of victimisation extends beyond depression to impact wellbeing. Results therefore show that individuals who remain partially resilient by avoiding a diagnosis of depression after victimisation have significantly poorer wellbeing than their non-victimised counterparts. Conclusion Overall, our study demonstrates for the first time that victimisation during adolescence is a significant risk factor for not only the onset of depression, but also poor wellbeing in adulthood. Such findings highlight the importance of investigating both dimensions of mental health to understand the true burden of victimisation and subsequent resilience. In addition to the need for interventions that reduce the likelihood of depression following adolescent victimisation, efforts should also be made to promote good wellbeing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10198-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Armitage
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK. .,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - R Adele H Wang
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,School of Economics, Finance and Management, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK
| | - Oliver S P Davis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK.,The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, London, NW1 2DB, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Lucy Bowes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Claire M A Haworth
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.,The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, London, NW1 2DB, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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23
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McLafferty M, McGlinchey E, Travers A, Armour C. The mediating role of resilience on psychopathology following childhood adversities among UK armed forces veterans residing in Northern Ireland. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1978176. [PMID: 34992757 PMCID: PMC8725712 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1978176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversities can have a deleterious impact on mental health. Elevated levels of such adversities have been reported in veteran populations. Levels of resilience may be protective but early adverse experiences may impact on the development of resilience in the first instance. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify classes of childhood adversities among UK military veterans residing in Northern Ireland (NI) and explore levels of resilience and the mediating role resilience may play following such experiences in relation to mental health. METHOD The study utilizes data from the Northern Ireland Veterans' Health and Wellbeing Study (n = 656). All participants were UK Armed Forces veterans who were residents of NI with an average age of 56 (586 males, 70 females). RESULTS Four childhood adversity classes were revealed, with almost a half of the sample experiencing early adverse experiences. Individuals who experienced a range of adversities, particularly those related to maltreatment were more likely to have PSTD, depression and anxiety disorders and lower levels of resilience. However, those who experienced adversity related to family dysfunction had similar levels of resilience as the low risk class, suggesting tentatively that some adversity may be protective. Mediation analyses revealed that veterans with elevated levels of resilience were less likely to have psychological problems following negative childhood experiences. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the importance of promoting resilience building programmes among military veterans, especially among those who experienced maltreatment as a child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret McLafferty
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Emily McGlinchey
- Stress Trauma and Related Conditions (STARC) Research Centre, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Aine Travers
- Stress Trauma and Related Conditions (STARC) Research Centre, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Cherie Armour
- Stress Trauma and Related Conditions (STARC) Research Centre, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Tomaszek K, Muchacka-Cymerman A. Thinking about My Existence during COVID-19, I Feel Anxiety and Awe-The Mediating Role of Existential Anxiety and Life Satisfaction on the Relationship between PTSD Symptoms and Post-Traumatic Growth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7062. [PMID: 32992515 PMCID: PMC7579162 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global outbreak of COVID-19set new challenges and threats for every human being. In the psychological field it is similar to deep existential crises or a traumatic experience that may lead to the appearance or exacerbation of a serious mental disorder and loss of life meaning and satisfaction. Courtney et al. (2020) discussed deadly pandemic COVID-19 in the light of TMT theory and named it as global contagion of mortality that personally affected every human being. Such unique conditions activate existential fears as people start to be aware of their own mortality. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study was to test the mediating effect of existential anxiety, activated by COVID-19 and life satisfaction (SWLS) on the relationship between PTSD symptoms and post-traumatic growth (PTG). We also examined the moderated mediating effect of severity of trauma symptoms on life satisfaction and existential anxiety and its associations with PTG. METHOD We conducted an online survey during the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak in Poland. The participants completed existential anxiety scale (SNE), life satisfaction scale (SWLS), IES-R scale for measuring the level of PTSD symptoms and post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI). RESULTS The effect of PTSD on PTG was found to be mediated by existential anxiety and life satisfaction. We also confirmed two indirect effects: (1) the indirect effect of PTSD on PTG via existential anxiety and life satisfaction tested simultaneously; (2) the indirect effect of life satisfaction on PTG through severity of trauma symptoms. An intermediate or high level of PTSD level was related to less PTG when low and full PTSD stress symptoms strengthened PTG experiences. CONCLUSIONS A therapeutic intervention for individuals after traumatic experience should attempt to include fundamental existential questions and meaning of life as well as the severity of PTSD symptoms. The severity of traumatic sensations may affect the relationship between life satisfaction and post-traumatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Muchacka-Cymerman
- Department of Psychosomatic, Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland;
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