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Ala S, Ramos-Campos F, Relva IC. Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress and Mental Health in a Sample of University Students: The Mediating Role of Resilience and Psychological Well-Being. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:2262-2281. [PMID: 39194945 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14080151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the most stressful events in recent times across the world. The long-term effect of these experiences raises several concerns, including the development of post-traumatic stress symptomatology. However, little is known about the psychological processes that mediate this association. The aim of this study was to explore the association of emotional exhaustion and anxiety in post-traumatic stress symptomatology, and the mediating role of resilience and psychological well-being in university students. A total of 526 university students of both sexes participated in this study, and they were aged between 17 and 62 years old. Symptoms of anxiety and emotional exhaustion were significantly higher in females, in contrast, males showed on average more resilience and psychological well-being. Additionally, participants with COVID-19 infection had higher levels of emotional exhaustion, anxiety, and PTSD. The results indicated that the variables were correlated with each other (p < 0.001). A conceptual model was confirmed that describes anxiety and emotional exhaustion as predictors, post-traumatic stress symptomatology as an outcome variable, and resilience and psychological well-being as mediators. Resilience and psychological well-being can be important protective factors for adaptive responses in stressful situations. The findings obtained in this study will provide a theoretical basis for designing targeted interventions to improve psychological health, whether for crisis intervention, the process of adapting to higher education, or for recovery plans from psychological trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Ala
- Department of Social Sciences, Life and Public Health Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, School of Health, 5300-121 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Group on Neuroscience and Psychiatric Illnesses in Instituto de Investigation Sanitaria Galicia Sur, 36213 Vigo, Spain
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco Ramos-Campos
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Inês Carvalho Relva
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Intervention in Education (CIIE), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Lotzin A, Stahlmann K, Acquarini E, Ajdukovic D, Ajdukovic M, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Ardino V, Bondjers K, Bragesjö M, Böttche M, Dragan M, Figueiredo-Braga M, Gelezelyte O, Grajewski P, Javakhishvili JD, Kazlauskas E, Lenferink L, Lioupi C, Lueger-Schuster B, Mooren T, Sales L, Tsiskarishvili L, Novakovic IZ, Schäfer I. A longitudinal study of risk and protective factors for symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2318944. [PMID: 38644753 PMCID: PMC11036902 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2318944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused multiple stressors that may lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder.Objective: We longitudinally examined relationships between risk and protective factors, pandemic-related stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as whether these relationships differed by the time of assessment.Method: The European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) ADJUST Study included N = 15,169 participants aged 18 years and above. Participants from 11 European countries were recruited and screened three times at 6-month intervals from June 2020 to January 2022. Associations between risk and protective factors (e.g. gender), stressors (e.g. fear of infection), and symptoms of adjustment disorder (AjD, ADNM-8) and their interaction with time of assessment were examined using mixed linear regression.Results: The following predictors were significantly associated with higher AjD symptom levels: female or diverse gender; older age; pandemic-related news consumption >30 min a day; a current or previous mental health disorder; trauma exposure before or during the pandemic; a good, satisfactory or poor health status (vs. very good); burden related to governmental crisis management and communication; fear of infection; restricted social contact; work-related problems; restricted activity; and difficult housing conditions. The following predictors were associated with lower AjD levels: self-employment or retirement; working in healthcare; and face-to-face contact ≥ once a week with loved ones or friends. The effects of the following predictors on AjD symptoms differed by the time of assessment in the course of the pandemic: a current or previous mental disorder; burden related to governmental crisis management; income reduction; and a current trauma exposure.Conclusions: We identified risk factors and stressors predicting AjD symptom levels at different stages of the pandemic. For some predictors, the effects on mental health may change at different stages of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Stahlmann
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Dean Ajdukovic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Ajdukovic
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Kristina Bondjers
- National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- National Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Bragesjö
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Böttche
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Odeta Gelezelyte
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Evaldas Kazlauskas
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lonneke Lenferink
- Department of Psychology, Health, & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Chrysanthi Lioupi
- Psychology Program, School of Ηumanities, Social Sciences and Law, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Brigitte Lueger-Schuster
- Unit of Psychotraumatology, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Trudy Mooren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Sales
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Unit of Psychiatry, Hospital Militar, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Irina Zrnic Novakovic
- Unit of Psychotraumatology, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - ADJUST Study Consortium
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Ludwig NN, Holingue C, Hong JS, Kalb LG, Pfeiffer D, Reetzke R, Menon D, Landa R. Diagnostic certainty during in-person and telehealth autism evaluations. JCPP ADVANCES 2024; 4:e12201. [PMID: 38486947 PMCID: PMC10933595 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Many diagnostic evaluations abruptly shifted to telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, little is known about the impact on diagnosis patterns for children evaluated for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this clinical research study was to examine (1) the frequency of diagnoses evaluated beyond ASD; (2) the frequency of diagnoses made, including ASD; and (3) clinician diagnostic certainty for all diagnoses evaluated for children who received an evaluation due to primary concerns about ASD via telehealth during the pandemic compared to those evaluated in person before the pandemic at an ASD specialty clinic. Methods The sample included 2192 children, 1-17 years (M = 6.5 years; SD = 3.9), evaluated by a physician/psychologist at an ASD specialty center. A total of 649 children were evaluated in-person September 1, 2019-March 13, 2020 (pre-pandemic) and 1543 were evaluated via telehealth March 14, 2020-July 26, 2021 (during pandemic). Upon completion of each evaluation, clinicians provided a final diagnostic determination (i.e., "Yes," "No," "Possible," or "Not Assessed") for the following DSM-5 conditions: ASD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), intellectual developmental disorder (IDD), anxiety (ANX), depression (DEP), and behavioral disorder (BD). "Possible" indicated lower certainty and the diagnosis was not provided. "Not Assessed" indicated the disorder was not evaluated. Results Diagnostic certainty for ASD and ADHD was lower and clinicians evaluated for and made diagnoses of IDD less often during evaluations that occurred via telehealth during the pandemic versus in person before the pandemic. DEP and BD were diagnosed more frequently, diagnostic certainty of DEP was lower, and no differences in the frequency of ANX diagnoses emerged during evaluations conducted via telehealth during the pandemic compared to those conducted in person before the pandemic. Conclusions Differences emerged in the frequency of diagnoses evaluated and made and diagnostic certainty for evaluations conducted via telehealth during the pandemic compared to in person before the pandemic, which likely impacted patients and reflect real-word challenges. Future work should examine whether these patterns are generalizable and the mechanisms that contribute to these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha N. Ludwig
- Department of NeuropsychologyKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Calliope Holingue
- Center for Autism and Related DisordersKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Mental HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ji Su Hong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Center for Autism and Related DisordersKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Luther G. Kalb
- Department of NeuropsychologyKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Center for Autism and Related DisordersKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of Mental HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Danika Pfeiffer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Center for Autism and Related DisordersKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rachel Reetzke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Center for Autism and Related DisordersKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Deepa Menon
- Center for Autism and Related DisordersKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUnited States
| | - Rebecca Landa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Center for Autism and Related DisordersKennedy Krieger InstituteBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Muysewinkel E, Stene LE, Van Deynse H, Vesentini L, Bilsen J, Van Overmeire R. Post-what stress? A review of methods of research on posttraumatic stress during COVID-19. J Anxiety Disord 2024; 102:102829. [PMID: 38219397 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic stress (PTS) was extensively investigated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, numerous researchers have raised concerns regarding the adherence of many of these studies to the diagnostic criteria for PTSD as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). This review aimed to provide insight into the methodology of research on PTS during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Two independent reviewers examined a total of 1129 studies published between 1/01/2020 and 1/07/2023. The investigation focused on the scales employed to assess PTS, the diagnostic framework used (DSM or ICD), whether there was referral to an index-event in the PTS measurement and country where data collection took place. RESULTS Among the 1129 studies, 70.0% did not provide any indication of an index-event to which PTS symptoms were attributed. Only 11.3% of the studies explicitly indicated an index-event associated with the PTS symptoms. Furthermore, 54.1% of the studies utilized scales based on DSM-IV criteria. Finally, the majority of PTS-studies had data collections in China, United States and Italy. CONCLUSION A limited number of studies conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic reported use of an index-event in their PTS measurement. Furthermore, most studies used scales based on a previous iteration of the most used diagnostical system, namely the DSM. This delay in the implementation of new diagnostic criteria, may impair the clinical relevance of scientific studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Muysewinkel
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lise Eilin Stene
- Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Gullhaugveien 1, 0484 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helena Van Deynse
- Department of Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lara Vesentini
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johan Bilsen
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roel Van Overmeire
- Mental Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Public Health, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Gullhaugveien 1, 0484 Oslo, Norway.
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Elbejjani M, Mansour S, Hammoud RA, Ziade C, Assi B, Assi A, El Sayed S, El Hachem R, Kerbage H. Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and first lockdown in Lebanon: Risk factors and daily life difficulties in a multiple-crises setting. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297670. [PMID: 38363748 PMCID: PMC10871500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research from around the world shows important differences in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns on mental health. This study examined the extent of mental health challenges (depressive and anxiety symptoms and daily life difficulties) and their associations with pandemic- and response-related factors during the first lockdown in Lebanon, which happened amid a severe economic crisis and socio-political turmoil. METHODS Data come from a cross-sectional internet-based survey (May-June 2020). Association of depressive (Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)) and anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7)) with outbreak-related worries and knowledge, information sources, and confidence and satisfaction in response measures were estimated using logistic regression adjusted for sociodemographic and socioeconomic indicators. RESULTS Among 510 participants (mean age 36.1±11.3; 69.4% women), 32.3% had elevated depressive and 27.3% had elevated anxiety symptoms; younger age, unemployment, loss of employment, and lower income were related to more mental health symptoms. Most prevalent daily life challenges were feelings of uncertainty (74.5%) and financial (52.2%) and emotional (42.2%) difficulties; these and all other daily life difficulties (work-related, caregiving, and online learning) were significantly higher among participants with higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. Higher outbreak-related worries were associated with higher depressive (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.20,1.53) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.30,1.67). Higher pandemic-related knowledge, reliance on and trust in local health agencies and professionals' information, and satisfaction and confidence regarding governmental and health institutions' response were all related to lower mental health symptoms. CONCLUSION Results show that mental health burden in Lebanon during the first lockdown (when the COVID-19 outbreak was still minimal) is among the highest reported worldwide and highlight elevated emotional and financial tolls and widespread impact on daily life. In this high-burden and multiple-challenges context, results suggest an important role for the healthcare body, knowledge, and trust in the institutions managing the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Elbejjani
- Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sara Mansour
- Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rawan A. Hammoud
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Catrina Ziade
- Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Batoul Assi
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Assi
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samya El Sayed
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rita El Hachem
- Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Kerbage
- Saint-Eloi University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- INSERM U 1018 Developmental Psychiatry, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Tao TJ, Yung YYY, Lau AYT, Liu H, Liang L, Bryant FB, Hou WK. Savoring mediates the mental health benefits of positive coping processes: A prospective population-based analysis. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:158-178. [PMID: 37691133 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Positive coping (e.g., self-efficacy and positive reappraisal) and savoring could bear mental health implications under large-scale disasters such as COVID-19. The integrative affect-regulation framework of psychological resilience proposes that evaluative efforts regulate affect, which then predicts positive short-term consequences and better mental health. This two-wave study was done during the prolonged, intensive COVID-19 control rules in Hong Kong and examined (1) the prospective associations of positive coping processes (i.e., self-efficacy and positive reappraisal) (T1, March-August 2021) with subsequent psychiatric symptoms (T2, September 2021-February 2022) and (2) the mediating effect of T2 savoring in the associations. Path analyses revealed that T1 self-efficacy and positive reappraisal were inversely related to T2 psychiatric symptoms. T2 savoring partially mediated the effect of T1 self-efficacy but fully mediated the effect of T1 positive reappraisal. Self-efficacy could have more sustainable direct positive associations with mental health, whereas the benefit of positive reappraisal might need to be catalyzed by savoring over time. Our study offered concrete illustrations of the conceptual tenets of the affect-regulation framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Junchen Tao
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yoyo Yuk Yu Yung
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Abby Yan Tung Lau
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huinan Liu
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Liang
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fred B Bryant
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wai Kai Hou
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Popova VB, Antonova EA, Hlyabova PM, Rodyukova IS, Alpenidze DN, Drozdova YV, Shamaeva KI, Kryzhanovsky SM, Tarakanova AS, Yakubova EV, Ivaschenko AV, Ivaschenko AA. [Efficacy and safety of Aviandr in the treatment of anxiety in patients with adjustment disorders after COVID-19]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:131-138. [PMID: 39113453 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2024124071131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of Aviandr in the treatment of anxiety in patients with adjustment disorders after COVID-19. MATERIAL AND METHODS A multicenter prospective open-label study included 109 patients of both sexes aged 18 to 65 years (70 women, 39 men, average age - 41.4±13.18 years) with a leading complaint of anxiety (Hamilton scale score, HAM-A ≥18 - ≤24), which arose after acute coronavirus infections. Clinical manifestations had to meet the diagnostic criteria F43.2 ICD-10. The drug Aviander was prescribed 20 mg 2 times a day for 4 weeks. At the end of taking the drug, patients were monitored for another 1 week (a delayed follow-up visit). Psychopathological, statistical and parametric research methods were used using standardized HAM-A, Montgomery-Asberg scales (MADRS), visual analog asthenia scale (VASH-A), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), digital character substitution test (DSST), general clinical impression scale (CGI). RESULTS Data from 109\110 patients were analyzed to evaluate efficacy\safety. Aviandr was administered 20 mg 2 times daily for 4 weeks. Patients were followed for 1 week (delayed follow-up visit) at the end of treatment. Reducing the intensity of anxiety on the HAM-A scale was - 14.2±4.92 or 69.4±22.66% by the end of treatment. The response rate to therapy (responders are patients with a decrease in the total score on the HAM-A ≥50%) was 83.49%. Remission was achieved (sum of HAM-A scores ≤7) by the end of treatment 68.81% of patients, and 79.8% of patients at the follow-up visit. Significant changes were obtained on the MADRS, VAS-A, SDS and DSST scales. According CGI 45.9% of patients had «much improved» and 43.1% of patients had «very much improved» by the end of treatment; 58.7% of patients had «much improved» and of 33.9% patients had «very much improved» at the follow-up visit. 38 adverse events were reported in 27 (24.55%) patients during the study. A definite association with study drug was reported between 5 mild adverse events in 4 (3.64%) patients. No subjects withdrew from the study due to an adverse event. Positive dynamics (reduction of anxiety symptoms, decrease in asthenia) persisted after discontinuation of the study drug. No cases of withdrawal syndrome were observed. CONCLUSION According to the results of the study, the anxiolytic, antidepressant, antiasthenic and pro-cognitive effects of Aviandr were observed. An increase in the social activity of patients was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Popova
- Medical Center «Reavita Med SPb», St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - I S Rodyukova
- AO GK MEDSI Otradnoye, Krasnogorsk, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - S M Kryzhanovsky
- Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs, Moscow, Russia
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Ford JD, Seedat S. On the path to recovery: traumatic stress research during the COVID-19 pandemic 2021-2023. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2281988. [PMID: 38038964 PMCID: PMC10990445 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2281988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue of the European Journal of Psychotraumatology (EJPT) presents 51 articles published between 2021 and 2023 and follows the Special Issue on pandemic-related traumatic stress research published in 2021 (O'Donnell, M. L., & Greene, T. [2021]. Understanding the mental health impacts of COVID-19 through a trauma lens. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1982502). Research on traumatic stress during the pandemic has cast the spotlight on vulnerable populations and groups, notably front-line healthcare workers; people faced with major losses including the deaths of loved ones; those who personally survived debilitating and often life-threatening viral infection; and students who were isolated and experienced profound delays in their education, relationships, and emerging independence. The papers in this collection underscore the associations between COVID-19 related stressors and a plethora of adverse mental health sequelae, including posttraumatic stress reactions, and draw attention to the ubiquity of grief and moral injury and their wide-ranging and detrimental impact. Currently, there is a paucity of evidence on interventions to enhance resources, self-efficacy, and hope for affected groups and individuals through societal, organisational, and healthcare systems; however early research on the prevention of COVID-related traumatic stress disorders provides a basis for both hope and preparedness for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian D. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Soraya Seedat
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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9
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Roos R, Witteveen AB, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Barbui C, Bryant RA, Felez-Nobrega M, Figueiredo N, Kalisch R, Haro JM, McDaid D, Mediavilla R, Melchior M, Nicaise P, Park AL, Petri-Romão P, Purgato M, van Straten A, Tedeschi F, Underhill J, Sijbrandij M. Effectiveness of a scalable, remotely delivered stepped-care intervention to reduce symptoms of psychological distress among Polish migrant workers in the Netherlands: study protocol for the RESPOND randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:801. [PMID: 37919694 PMCID: PMC10623706 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the mental health of international migrant workers (IMWs). IMWs experience multiple barriers to accessing mental health care. Two scalable interventions developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) were adapted to address some of these barriers: Doing What Matters in times of stress (DWM), a guided self-help web application, and Problem Management Plus (PM +), a brief facilitator-led program to enhance coping skills. This study examines whether DWM and PM + remotely delivered as a stepped-care programme (DWM/PM +) is effective and cost-effective in reducing psychological distress, among Polish migrant workers with psychological distress living in the Netherlands. METHODS The stepped-care DWM/PM + intervention will be tested in a two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) among adult Polish migrant workers with self-reported psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; K10 > 15.9). Participants (n = 212) will be randomized into either the intervention group that receives DWM/PM + with psychological first aid (PFA) and care-as-usual (enhanced care-as-usual or eCAU), or into the control group that receives PFA and eCAU-only (1:1 allocation ratio). Baseline, 1-week post-DWM (week 7), 1-week post-PM + (week 13), and follow-up (week 21) self-reported assessments will be conducted. The primary outcome is psychological distress, assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS). Secondary outcomes are self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), resilience, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. In a process evaluation, stakeholders' views on barriers and facilitators to the implementation of DWM/PM + will be evaluated. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this is one of the first RCTs that combines two scalable, psychosocial WHO interventions into a stepped-care programme for migrant populations. If proven to be effective, this may bridge the mental health treatment gap IMWs experience. TRIAL REGISTRATION Dutch trial register NL9630, 20/07/2021, https://www.onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/27052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinske Roos
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Anke B Witteveen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, La Princesa University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Corrado Barbui
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Richard A Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mireia Felez-Nobrega
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natasha Figueiredo
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine St Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Raffael Kalisch
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David McDaid
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Roberto Mediavilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, La Princesa University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Melchior
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale (ERES), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine St Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Nicaise
- Institute of Health and Society (IRSS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A-La Park
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | - Marianna Purgato
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Annemieke van Straten
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Federico Tedeschi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology and WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Łyś AE, Huflejt-Łukasik M, Gambin M, Studzińska A, Bargiel-Matusiewicz K, Oleksy T, Wnuk A, Pankowski D. Predictors of pretraumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290151. [PMID: 37594938 PMCID: PMC10437860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pretraumatic stress has the same symptoms as post-traumatic stress but instead pertains to anticipated threats. There is evidence that pretraumatic stress occurs among soldiers and pregnant people. OBJECTIVE We analyzed correlates of pretraumatic stress concerning the threat of COVID-19 infection. METHOD Our pilot study was cross-sectional (N = 74); our main study was longitudinal and consisted of three waves (N = 1067, N = 894, and N = 752 for Waves 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Our pilot study used correlation and multiple linear regression. Our main study used quadratic regression and a random intercept cross-lagged panel model. RESULTS The pilot study found that pretraumatic stress was positively correlated with agreeableness (r = .24, p < .01) and negatively correlated with emotional stability (r = -.30, p < .01) and intellect/imagination (r = -.37, p < .01). The main study demonstrated that pretraumatic stress was positively correlated with other measures of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic and with perceived positive aspects of the pandemic (r = .11, p < .01). There is evidence of a U-shaped relationship between pretraumatic stress and perceived positive aspects of the pandemic. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model analysis demonstrated that pretraumatic stress in Wave 2 was negatively predicted by levels of prosocial behavior in Wave 1 (B = -1.130, p < .01). CONCLUSION Mental health professionals should take into account pretraumatic stress, not only as a possible consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak but more generally as a risk in situations that are new, difficult, and challenging for people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka E. Łyś
- Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Studzińska
- Toulouse Campus, Icam School of Engineering, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Tomasz Oleksy
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wnuk
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Pankowski
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Dragan M, Grajewski P. Did Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Symptoms Predict Stress- and Trauma-Related Symptoms in the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic? Results from a Two-Wave Study on a Sample of Polish Internet Users. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1162. [PMID: 37626518 PMCID: PMC10452465 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to metacognitive theory, Cognitive Attentional Syndrome (CAS) is a transdiagnostic factor and a main mechanism of psychopathology maintenance. The main goal of this study is to examine whether CAS predicted stress- and trauma-related symptomatology in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic and three months later. METHODS Initially, 1792 participants were recruited online via social media; the data were collected at two time points. The measures included the Cognitive Attentional Syndrome Questionnaire, the Adjustment Disorder-New Module 20, the International Trauma Questionnaire, and additional measures. RESULTS Structural equation modeling was conducted in order to determine the relations between the reported stressors, CAS, and symptomatology. At both time points, CAS was a significant mediator between the stressors and symptoms of adjustment disorder. Despite the decrease in the intensity of adjustment disorder symptoms between waves, it was a significant predictor of other psychopathologies at both time points, except for traumatic stress. CONCLUSIONS The findings confirm the assumption that CAS is a transdiagnostic factor of psychopathology and has a mediating role in the relationship between stressors and adjustment disorder and co-occurring symptomatology. The effect was particularly significant in the initial phase of the pandemic, which was highly stressful for many people.
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12
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Reivan Ortiz GG, Yanza R, Campoverde X, Estrada Cherres JP, Reinoso García LP, Diaz J, Granero Pérez R. A predictive model of perceived stress during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in university students Ecuadorians. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1202625. [PMID: 37520229 PMCID: PMC10374223 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1202625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The situation caused by the confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the mobility restriction implemented by governments worldwide had a significant impact on people's routines. Stressors are known to increase emotional imbalance, uncertainty, and frustration in the general population. This study explores the factors that predispose to the risk of perceived stress from COVID-19 and determines the underlying mediating mechanisms in the Ecuadorian population. Method The cross-sectional study an incidental non-probabilistic sample of n = 977 participating student volunteers from the four regions of the Republic of Ecuador (68.6% women and 31.4% men). Data on emotional regulation (ERQ), perceived stress (PSS), active procrastination (APS), diagnosis and symptoms related to COVID-19, social isolation, coexistence, and a sociodemographic questionnaire (biological sex, marital status, and age) were recruited. Statistical analysis was based on a structural equation model. Results The risk of suffering perceived stress in the COVID-19 pandemic was higher for single women who have lived longer in social isolation, have lived with more people, have poor emotional regulation and high rates of procrastination. This structural model is similar in all Ecuadorian regions χ2 = 21.54 (p = 0.760), RMSEA = 0.001 (95%CI, 0.00-0.02), CFI = 0.998; TLI = 0.999; SRMR = 0.020. Discussion Although our findings are consistent and revealing for the scientific community, the lack of discrimination of the data due to strict isolation measures, taken at different periods by the Ecuadorian government against positive cases of COVID-19, is discussed. The research was applied to the university population, it would be representative to extend the study to schools and colleges. Conclusion We consider this work as a starting point for the creation of preventive models against perceived stress in the university environment in the event of health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovanny Genaro Reivan Ortiz
- Laboratory of Basic Psychology, Behavioral Analysis and Programmatic Development (PAD-LAB), Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Yanza
- Laboratory of Basic Psychology, Behavioral Analysis and Programmatic Development (PAD-LAB), Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Ximena Campoverde
- Laboratory of Basic Psychology, Behavioral Analysis and Programmatic Development (PAD-LAB), Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Johanna Paulina Estrada Cherres
- Laboratory of Basic Psychology, Behavioral Analysis and Programmatic Development (PAD-LAB), Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | - José Diaz
- Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador
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13
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von Hülsen L, Kenntemich L, Schäfer I, Böttche M, Lueger-Schuster B, Gallinat J, Lotzin A. Networks of pandemic-specific stressors, risk factors, and clinical symptoms: A comparison between women and men during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 163:391-401. [PMID: 37269774 PMCID: PMC10182883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, female gender was a robust factor associated with mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate associations between pandemic-related risk factors, stressors, and clinical symptoms, with special reference to gender and possible differential gender effects. METHODS Participants were recruited from June to September 2020 through an online survey (ESTSS ADJUST study). Women (N = 796) and men (N = 796) were matched on age, education, income, and living community. Symptoms of depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (PHQ-4), adjustment disorder (ADNM-8), and PTSD (PC-PTSD-5) and different risk factors including pandemic-specific stressors (PaSS) were assessed. Separate network analyses for men and women were conducted and compared followed by a joint network analysis including gender. RESULTS The networks of women and men did not differ in their structure (M = 0.14, p = .174) or strength of associations (S = 1.22, p = .126). Few relationships differed significantly between genders e.g., the connection between burden through work-related problems and anxiety was stronger in women. In the joint network, single factors were related to gender e.g., men felt more burdened through work-related problems and women through conflicts at home. LIMITATIONS We cannot imply causal relationships due to the cross-sectional data of our study. The findings cannot be generalized as the sample is not representative. CONCLUSION Men and women seem to show comparable networks of risk factors, stressors, and clinical symptoms, although differences in individual connections and in levels of clinical symptoms and burdens were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie von Hülsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Laura Kenntemich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Böttche
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Research Department Center ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Głogowska-Gruszka A, Wypych-Ślusarska A. Emotional control and factors differentiating it in the adult population of Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1225698. [PMID: 37425166 PMCID: PMC10323323 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1225698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The public health crisis related to the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of both individuals and entire populations. The source of stress was not only the fear of getting sick, but also the restrictions introduced, such as: mass lockdown, the need to maintain social distance, quarantine or the mandatory use of personal protective equipment. Their introduction and maintenance caused various emotional reactions which often resulted in undesirable behavior leading to infections spreading. The aim of the study The aim of the study was to analyze the level of emotional control depending on selected factors related to the pandemic and the introduced restrictions. Materials and methods The study covered 594 adult Poles. To evaluate knowledge about COVID-19 and attitudes toward the implemented restrictions, the questionnaire prepared by the authors was used. To determine the level of control of anger, depression and anxiety the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS) was used, and to estimate the level of perceived stress the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was applied. Results In the entire analyzed group, the general level of emotional control was 51.82 ± 12.26, with anxiety being the most suppressed emotion (17.95 ± 4.99), whereas the least suppressed emotion was anger (16.35 ± 5.15). The average stress level in the studied group was 20.5 ± 5.3. The level of perceived stress did not differentiate the level of emotional control. It was found that the higher level of the knowledge about the pandemic and methods of prevention, the higher emotional control, especially in the anxiety subscale (high level of knowledge - 18.26 ± 5.36 vs. low level of knowledge - 15.09 ± 3.6; p = 0.02). People reporting difficulties in reconciling remote work with home duties were less able to control anger (14.63 ± 4.98) than people without such problems (16.71 ± 4.12; p = 0.007). Conclusion Proper education improving knowledge about COVID-19 and methods of prevention may enhance the control of emotions in the population. Possible future preventive measures aimed at limiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections or other infectious diseases should also take into account possible excessive mental burden caused by private and professional duties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Głogowska-Gruszka
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Civilization-related Hazards, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
| | - Agata Wypych-Ślusarska
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
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Rzeszutek M, Szyszka A, Okoń S. Personality and Risk-Perception Profiles with Regard to Subjective Wellbeing and Company Management: Corporate Managers during the Covid-19 Pandemic. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37243711 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2023.2198687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the role of the Big Five personality traits and risk perception profiles among a sample of corporate managers concerning their subjective wellbeing (SWB) and corporate management practices during the Covid-19 pandemic. Two hundred and fifty-five chief executive officers (CEOs) and chief financial officers (CFOs) of companies listed on the main market of the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) in Poland participated in the study by completing the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Ten-Item Personality Inventory, Stimulation-Instrumental Risk Inventory, and a business survey on the Covid-19 pandemic's impact on company management. Latent profile analysis revealed the existence of diverse profiles among the participants regarding personality traits and risk perception, which were variously related to their SWB and managerial practices during the pandemic. It seems that individual differences in personality traits and risk perception not only matter for the individual life satisfaction of managers but may also translate into effective company management in times of crisis. The results of our study may be an adjunct to understanding underlying sources of managerial biases in corporate management as well as to developing more effective methods of psychological counseling of corporate managers, a topic that remains still a highly understudied research area.
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Shafierizi S, Basirat Z, Nasiri-Amiri F, Kheirkhah F, Chehrazi M, Pasha H, Faramarzi M. The prevalence of adjustment disorder and predisposing factors in infertile women. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:142. [PMID: 37131228 PMCID: PMC10152011 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is a stressful life event that increases the risk of developing mental disorders, particularly adjustment disorder (AD). Given the paucity of data on the prevalence of AD symptoms in infertility, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the prevalence, clinical presentation, and risk factors for AD symptoms in infertile women. METHOD In a cross-sectional study, 386 infertile women completed questionnaires including the Adjustment Disorder New Module-20 (ADNM), the Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI), the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), and the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PC-PTSD-5) at an infertility center between September 2020 and January 2022. RESULT The results indicated that 60.1% of infertile women exhibited AD symptoms (based on ADNM > 47.5). In terms of clinical presentation, impulsive behavior was more common. No significant relationship was observed between prevalence and women's age or duration of infertility. Infertility stress (β = 0.27, p < 0.001), coronavirus anxiety (β = 0.59, p = 0.13), and a history of unsuccessful assisted reproductive therapies (β = 2.72, p = 0.008) were several predisposing factors for AD symptoms in infertile women. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that all infertile women be screened from the start of infertility treatment. Additionally, the study suggests that infertility specialists should focus on combining medical and psychological treatments for individuals predisposed to AD, particularly infertile women who exhibit impulsive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shafierizi
- Counselling in Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zahra Basirat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nasiri-Amiri
- Department of Reproductive Health, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Farzan Kheirkhah
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehrazi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hajar Pasha
- Department of Reproductive Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Faramarzi
- Department of Psychology, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Schetz D, Scott TE, Waldman W, Sein Anand J, Wiergowski M, Kocić I. Reports analysis of psychotropic drugs related adverse reactions in Australia and Poland during the COVID 19 pandemic. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114681. [PMID: 37058823 PMCID: PMC10080277 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes to the global health care system AIMS: It is unknown whether the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADR) of antidepressive agents, benzodiazepines, and antipsychotics plus mood stabilizers (AaMS). The study was designed in order to compare the incidence of ADR during the COVID-19 pandemic with the period preceding the pandemic in Poland and Australia, different in terms of their COVID-19 prevention strategy. METHOD We analysed ADR from the three surveyed pharmacological groups of drugs observed in Poland and Australia in the period prior to, and during the COVID-19 pandemic RESULTS: In Poland, a noticeable increase in the reported ADR of the assessed drug groups was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The highest was for antidepressive agents, but the reporting of ADR for benzodiazepines and AaMS drugs also increased significantly. In the case of ADR in Australian patients, the increase in the number of reported ADR for antidepressive agents was modest compared to that seen in Poland, but still noticeable, and there was a significant increase in ADR for benzodiazepines CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on the incidence of ADR reported among both Polish and Australian patients but the modality of this was different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Schetz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Tara Elizabeth Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Waldman
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences with the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Sein Anand
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences with the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek Wiergowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ivan Kocić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
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Kenntemich L, von Hülsen L, Schäfer I, Böttche M, Lotzin A. Profiles of risk factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A latent class analysis. Psychiatry Res 2023; 323:115150. [PMID: 36913873 PMCID: PMC9985930 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a high burden in the general population. The exposure to an accumulation of risk factors, as opposed to a single risk, may have been associated with higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic. This study aimed to (1) identify subgroups of individuals with distinct constellations of risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) investigate differences in levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. German participants (N = 2245) were recruited between June-September 2020 through an online survey (ADJUST study). Latent class analysis (LCA) and multiple group analyses (Wald-tests) were conducted to identify profiles of risk factors and examine differences in symptoms of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-2). The LCA included 14 robust risk factors of different domains, for example, sociodemographic (e.g., age), health-related (e.g., trauma), and pandemic-related (e.g., reduced income) factors. The LCA identified three risk profiles: High sociodemographic risk (11.7%), high social and moderate health-related risk (18.0%), and low general risk (70.3%). Individuals with high sociodemographic risk reported significantly higher symptom levels of depression and anxiety than the remaining groups. A better understanding of risk factor profiles could help to develop targeted prevention and intervention programs during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kenntemich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Leonie von Hülsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Böttche
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany; Forschungsabteilung, Zentrum ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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19
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Mousoulidou M, Christodoulou A, Siakalli M, Argyrides M. The Role of Conspiracy Theories, Perceived Risk, and Trust in Science on COVID-19 Vaccination Decisiveness: Evidence from Cyprus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2898. [PMID: 36833595 PMCID: PMC9956964 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 reminded us of the importance of vaccinating for successfully overcoming health-related crises. Yet, vaccine hesitancy is still present. This study examined the impacts of conspiracy theories, perceived risk, and trust in science on COVID-19 vaccination decisiveness. The study was conducted at the end of the third wave of the pandemic, in July 2021, in Cyprus. Data were collected via an online self-administered anonymous survey using convenience and snowball sampling methods. Participants were 363 adults who completed a set of questionnaires that examined their believability in ten vaccine-related conspiracy theories, their perceived dangerousness of COVID-19, and their level of trust in science and scientists. The results suggest that (a) participants with a high conspiracy theory belief are less likely to be vaccinated, (b) participants who perceive COVID-19 as a dangerous disease are more likely to be vaccinated, and (c) participants with high trust in science are more likely to be vaccinated. The implications of the findings are discussed and can be used by public health officials in their campaigns.
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20
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Paczkowska A, Nowakowska E, Michalska J, Ficner H, Tyrchniewicz J, Szymański A, Wańkowicz K, Namyślak K, Gala A, Sulimiera Michalak S, Bryl W, Michalak M. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on mental health among the general population in Poland and on the availability of psychological support. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:179-188. [PMID: 35380074 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2061719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Poles and the availability of psychiatric and psychological support during the pandemic. A prospective, cross-sectional web-based survey design was adopted. It was carried out on a sample of 1080 Polish citizens above 18 years old. The majority of Poles (70%) experienced symptoms of mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep disturbance (63.79%), anxiety (48.79%), low mood for most of the day (44.63%), sadness, tearfulness (41.29%), and concentration disorders (35.93%) were the mental disorder symptoms reported most often by the survey subjects. To reduce the potential acute and long-lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, decision-makers of the Polish health system should implement stepped multilevel and multi-target psychological support services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paczkowska
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Social Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Nowakowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Joanna Michalska
- Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Hubert Ficner
- Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | | | | | - Kamil Wańkowicz
- Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Kacper Namyślak
- Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Anna Gala
- Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Sylwia Sulimiera Michalak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institute of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Wiesław Bryl
- Department of Internal Diseases, Metabolic Disorders and Arterial Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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21
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Lotzin A, Krause L, Acquarini E, Ajdukovic D, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Ardino V, Bondjers K, Böttche M, Dragan M, Figueiredo-Braga M, Gelezelyte O, Grajewski P, Javakhishvili JD, Kazlauskas E, Lenferink L, Lioupi C, Lueger-Schuster B, Mooren T, Sales L, Stevanovic A, Sveen J, Tsiskarishvili L, Zrnic Novakovic I, Schäfer I. Risk and protective factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic - findings from a pan-European study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2138099. [PMID: 38872598 PMCID: PMC9683042 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2138099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS N = 4,607 trauma-exposed adult participants were recruited from the general population during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.The prevalence for probable posttraumatic stress disorder was 17.7%.We identified risk factors (e.g. poor health condition) and protective factors (e.g. social contact) associated with posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Krause
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Dean Ajdukovic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Kristina Bondjers
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- National Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Böttche
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Forschungsabteilung, Zentrum ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Odeta Gelezelyte
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Evaldas Kazlauskas
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lonneke Lenferink
- Department of Psychology, Health, & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Chrysanthi Lioupi
- Psychology Program, School of Ηumanities, Social Sciences and Law, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Trudy Mooren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Sales
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Unit of Psychiatry, Hospital Militar, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aleksandra Stevanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Josefin Sveen
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Irina Zrnic Novakovic
- Unit of Psychotraumatology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - ADJUST Study Consortium
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DISCUI, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Psychology Program, School of Ηumanities, Social Sciences and Law, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- National Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Forschungsabteilung, Zentrum ÜBERLEBEN, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Institute of Addiction Studies, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Psychology, Health, & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Unit of Psychotraumatology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Unit of Psychiatry, Hospital Militar, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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22
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Chudzicka-Czupała A, Chiang SK, Grabowski D, Żywiołek-Szeja M, Quek M, Pudełek B, Teopiz K, Ho R, McIntyre RS. Predictors of Psychological Distress across Three Time Periods during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215405. [PMID: 36430126 PMCID: PMC9690834 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the onset of COVID-19, public health policies and public opinions changed from stringent preventive measures against spread of COVID-19 to policies accommodating life with continued, diminished risk for contracting COVID-19. Poland is a country that demonstrated severe psychological impact and negative mental health. The study aims to examine psychological impact and changes in levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among three cross-sectional samples of Polish people and COVID-19-related factors associated with adverse mental health. METHODS In total, 2324 Polish persons participated in repeated cross-sectional studies across three surveys: Survey 1 (22 to 26 March 2020), Survey 2 (21 October to 3 December 2020), and Survey 3 (3 November to 10 December 2021). Participants completed an online survey, including Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), demographics, knowledge, and concerns of COVID-19 and precautionary measures. RESULTS A significant reduction of IES-R scores was seen across surveys, while DASS-21 scores were significantly higher in Survey 2. There was significant reduction in the frequency of following COVID-19 news, recent COVID-19 testing, and home isolation from Survey 1 to 3. Being emale was significantly associated with higher IES-R and DASS-21 scores in Surveys 1 and 2. Student status was significantly associated with higher DASS-21 across surveys. Chills, myalgia, and fatigue were significantly associated with high IES-R or DASS-21 scores across surveys. Frequency of wearing masks and perception that mask could reduce risk of COVID-19 were significantly associated with higher IES-R and DASS-21 scores. CONCLUSION Conclusions: The aforementioned findings indicate a reduction in the level of the measured subjective distress andin the frequency of checking COVID-19 news-related information across three periods during the pandemic in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Chudzicka-Czupała
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 40-326 Katowice, Poland
| | - Soon-Kiat Chiang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Damian Grabowski
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 40-326 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Żywiołek-Szeja
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 40-326 Katowice, Poland
| | - Matthew Quek
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bartosz Pudełek
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 40-326 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kayla Teopiz
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E8, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON M4W 3W4, Canada
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E8, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON M4W 3W4, Canada
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23
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Bambrah V, Wyman A, Friedman E, Eastwood JD. Examining the Longitudinal Associations between Adjustment Disorder Symptoms and Boredom during COVID-19. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:311. [PMID: 36135115 PMCID: PMC9495664 DOI: 10.3390/bs12090311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a myriad of stressors, underscoring the relevance of adjustment disorder during these extraordinary times. Boredom-as a feeling and as a dispositional characteristic-is an equally pertinent experience during the pandemic that has been cross-sectionally linked to various mental health difficulties. The current longitudinal study expanded on this work, examining the associations between adjustment disorder symptoms and boredom (both as a feeling and as a trait) over time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Community participants completed questionnaires three times, rating their trait boredom at Time 1 and their feelings of boredom and adjustment disorder symptoms (preoccupation with a pandemic stressor and failure to adapt) over the past week at Times 1-3. Latent growth curve analyses found that an increase in feelings of boredom was significantly associated with increased preoccupation with a pandemic stressor and increased difficulties with adapting over time. Additionally, trait boredom significantly predicted changes in preoccupation and the failure to adapt, such that participants high in trait boredom increasingly struggled with these symptoms over time. Our results suggest that increased feelings of boredom and a trait disposition towards boredom can be detrimental to people's ability to adjust over time to the stressors associated with the pandemic. Boredom, as an aversive state and as a chronic difficulty, may be important to address in treatment approaches for adjustment disorder symptoms during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerpal Bambrah
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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24
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Burnout among psychotherapists: a cross-cultural value survey among 12 European countries during the coronavirus disease pandemic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13527. [PMID: 35941352 PMCID: PMC9358385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine cross-cultural differences, as operationalized by Schwartz's refined theory of basic values, in burnout levels among psychotherapists from 12 European countries during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We focused on the multilevel approach to investigate if individual- and country-aggregated level values could explain differences in burnout intensity after controlling for sociodemographic, work-related characteristics and COVID-19-related distress among participants. 2915 psychotherapists from 12 countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, Great Britain, Serbia, Spain, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, and Switzerland) participated in this study. The participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey, the revised version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire, and a survey questionnaire on sociodemographic, work-related factors and the COVID-19 related distress. In general, the lowest mean level of burnout was noted for Romania, whereas the highest mean burnout intensity was reported for Cyprus. Multilevel analysis revealed that burnout at the individual level was negatively related to self-transcendence and openness-to-change but positively related to self-enhancement and conservation values. However, no significant effects on any values were observed at the country level. Male sex, younger age, being single, and reporting higher COVID-19-related distress were significant burnout correlates. Burnout among psychotherapists may be a transcultural phenomenon, where individual differences among psychotherapists are likely to be more important than differences between the countries of their practice. This finding enriches the discussion on training in psychotherapy in an international context and draws attention to the neglected issue of mental health among psychotherapists in the context of their professional functioning.
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25
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Lelek‐Kratiuk M, Szczygieł M. Stress appraisal as a mediator between the sense of coherence and the frequency of stress coping strategies in women and men during COVID-19 lockdown. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:365-375. [PMID: 35358336 PMCID: PMC9115402 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown experience is a unique and unexpected stressful life situation. In our research project, we explored gender differences in the mean level of stress appraisal (SAQ), the frequency of stress coping strategies (COPE), and the sense of coherence (SOC), as well as gender differences in the strength of the relationships between SAQ, COPE, and SOC during the COVID-19 lockdown. Finally, we tested if stressor appraisal (as a threat, harm/loss, or challenge) mediates the relationship between SOC and COPE in women and men respectively. Data were collected during the first wave of the COVID-19 lockdown in Poland in 2020. An online survey was conducted among 326 adults aged between 18 and 72. We observed gender differences in the level of SAQ, COPE, and SOC and gender differences in the significance and strength of the correlations between these variables. SOC had a twofold effect on COPE in men: direct and indirect through SOC-threat and SOC-harm/loss. In women, SOC did not directly predict COPE frequency but affected COPE in an indirect way through SAQ. SAQ is an important factor that modifies the strength of the SOC effect on COPE in women and men during the lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Lelek‐Kratiuk
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Institute of PsychologyPedagogical University of KrakowKrakówPoland
| | - Monika Szczygieł
- Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Institute of PsychologyPedagogical University of KrakowKrakówPoland
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26
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Mental Health Conditions According to Stress and Sleep Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137957. [PMID: 35805615 PMCID: PMC9265846 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare associations between stress and sleep disorders (insomnia, hypersomnia, and sleep apnea), identify potential modifying effects, and compare associations between stress and types of sleep disorders with selected mental health conditions. Analyses were based on 21,027 employees aged 18–64 years in 2020 who were insured by the Deseret Mutual Benefit Administrators (DMBA). The risk of stress (2.3%) was significantly greater in women, singles, and those with dependent children. The risk of a sleep disorder was 12.1% (2.1% for insomnia, 1.0% for hypersomnia, and 10.1% for sleep apnea). The risk of stress was significantly greater for those with a sleep disorder (136% overall, 179% for insomnia, and 102% for sleep apnea after adjusting for age, sex, marital status, dependent children, and sleep disorders). The risk of stress among those with sleep apnea was significantly greater for singles than for married individuals. Approximately 9.5% had anxiety, 8.5% had depression, 2.0% had ADHD, 0.6% had bipolar disorder, 0.4% had OCD, and 0.1% had schizophrenia. Each of these mental health conditions was significantly positively associated with stress and sleep disorders. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia were more strongly associated with stress and sleep disorders than were the other mental health conditions. Insomnia was more strongly associated with anxiety, bipolar disorder, OCD, and schizophrenia than was sleep apnea.
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27
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Embitterment during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Reaction to Injustice, Humiliation, and Breach of Trust. PSYCHIATRY INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint3030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has not only had an impact on the health of many people, but also on politics, the economy, and everyday life at large. It has been shown that some people respond with anxiety and depression, which is not surprising. Another reaction in the context of COVID-19 is embittered fights and disruptions between family members, friends, and neighbors, but also problems on a societal and political level, mutual public insults, political demonstrations, and even aggressive outbursts with a high number of participants. This calls for a separate explanation. One trigger may be embitterment, an emotion known to anybody in reaction to injustice, humiliation, and breach of trust, in association with helplessness. It comes along with a nagging desire to fight back and is usually accompanied by aggressive fantasies and combatively impulses towards the wrongdoer. This emotion also spreads indiscriminately to other people and the world. There are few initial studies which show that there is a significant increase in the rate of embitterment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased embitterment was related to financial losses, concern about restricted societal freedom, job insecurity, oppositional attitudes, helplessness, dissatisfaction with life, and inclination to join anti-COVID-19 demonstrations. These findings suggest that it is important to foster resilience against stressors, be it because of the virus itself, restrictions in daily freedom, negative comments by other persons, or imbalanced press releases. Of importance is also to abstain from insulting comments towards people who do not follow the mainstream, to allow adjustment of rules to given situations, and to take people along by listening to their grievances, instead of leaving demonstrations on the street as the only method to voice concerns.
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28
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Dehghani A, Zokaei E, Kahani SM, Alavinejad E, Dehghani M, Meftahi GH, Afarinesh MR. The potential impact of Covid-19 on CNS and psychiatric sequels. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 72:103097. [PMID: 35405524 PMCID: PMC8982477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to its high prevalence and fatality, the current Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, which first emerged in China in 2019, quickly spread around the world and immediately became a serious global health concern. Although respiratory issues were initially the most prominent symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it became obvious rapidly that COVID-19, like many other coronavirus family members, could affect the central nervous system (CNS). During the pandemic, CNS involvement expressed itself in a variety of forms, including insomnia, anosmia, headaches, encephalopathies, encephalitis, cerebrovascular accidents, cognitive and memory impairment, and increased psychiatric disorders. Almost everyone who has been infected has at least one of these neurological symptoms, demonstrating that the virus has a high ability to impact the CNS. As the coronavirus pandemic passes its second year, the manifestations it can cause in the long run, such as its psychological sequels, have not yet been thoroughly studied. Given the high importance of this issue in today's society and due to the lack of reliable knowledge about the COVID-19 landscape on psychiatric disorders, we intend to investigate coronavirus's possible effect on mental illnesses based on available literature. Because the majority of the psychological effects of the coronavirus can continue for a long period after the pandemic ends, our research can give insight into potential psychiatric sequels associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dehghani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zokaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Kahani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Alavinejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dehghani
- Department of Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Afarinesh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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29
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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of anxiety disorders - a literature review. CURRENT PROBLEMS OF PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A number of psychological symptoms have been identified in people living during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of them are associated with widely understood anxiety disorders, which have always been a significant problem for mental health.
Materials and methods: The available literature was reviewed on the Pubmed platform and from other sources. The analysis included original studies, reviews, meta-analyzes and internet sources. The aim of the study was to review the literature on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the occurrence and severity of symptoms of anxiety disorders.
Results: The studies conducted so far show that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental state of people around the world, especially in the area of anxiety disorders. Many studies indicate an increase in the prevalence of symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Research also indicates a greater incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder in society. Symptoms of somatization were also quite often observed in patients. However, the state of published studies indicates that the pandemic did not significantly affect the severity of symptoms associated with social phobia. In the context of phobic disorders, a new type has been formulated: COVID-19-related phobia.
Conclusions: The conducted literature review shows that the current COVID-19 pandemic is associated with an increase in the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety disorders in the general population. The multifaceted nature of the issue of anxiety disorders in the COVID-19 pandemic clearly indicates the need to continue research in this area.
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30
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Brunet A, Rivest-Beauregard M, Lonergan M, Cipolletta S, Rasmussen A, Meng X, Jaafari N, Romero S, Superka J, Brown AD, Sapkota RP. PTSD is not the emblematic disorder of the COVID-19 pandemic; adjustment disorder is. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:300. [PMID: 35484539 PMCID: PMC9047380 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been hailed by some as the emblematic mental disorder of the COVID-19 pandemic, assuming that PTSD's life-threat criterion was met de facto. More plausible outcomes like adjustment disorder (AD) have been overlooked. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey was launched in the initial stage of the pandemic using a convenience sample of 5 913 adults to compare the prevalence of COVID-related probable PTSD versus probable AD. The abridged Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-6) assessed the severity of trauma- and stressor-related symptoms over the previous week. Demographic and pandemic-related data (e.g., receiving a formal diagnosis of COVID-19, job loss, loss of loved one, confinement, material hardship) were collected. A Classification and Regression Tree analysis was conducted to uncover the pandemic experiences leading to clinical 'caseness'. Caseness was defined by a score > 9 on the IES-6 symptom measure and further characterized as PTSD or AD depending on whether the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory's life-threat item was endorsed or not. RESULTS The participants were predominantly Caucasian (72.8%), women (79.2%), with a university degree (85%), and a mean age of 42.22 (SD = 15.24) years; 3 647 participants (61.7%; 95%CI [60.4, 63.0]) met the threshold for caseness. However, when perceived life-threat was accounted for, only 6.7% (95%CI [6.1, 7.4]) were classified as PTSD cases, and 55% (95%CI [53.7, 56.2]) as AD cases. Among the AD cases, three distinct profiles emerged marked by the following: (i) a worst personal pandemic experience eliciting intense fear, helplessness or horror (in the absence, however, of any life-threat), (ii) a pandemic experience eliciting sadness/grief, and (iii) worrying intensely about the safety of significant others. CONCLUSIONS Studies considering the life-threat criterion as met de facto during the pandemic are confusing PTSD for AD on most counts. This misconception is obscuring the various AD-related idioms of distress that have emerged during the pandemic and the actual treatment needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Brunet
- Research Center of the Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CIUSSS-ODIM), 6875 boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC, H4H 1R3, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Marjolaine Rivest-Beauregard
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268Research Center of the Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CIUSSS-ODIM), 6875 boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Michelle Lonergan
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268Research Center of the Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CIUSSS-ODIM), 6875 boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Psychology, Ottawa University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Sabrina Cipolletta
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrew Rasmussen
- grid.256023.0000000008755302XDepartment of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY USA
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268Research Center of the Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CIUSSS-ODIM), 6875 boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Nematollah Jaafari
- grid.11166.310000 0001 2160 6368Department of Psychiatry, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Sara Romero
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Julia Superka
- grid.264933.90000 0004 0523 9547Department of Psychology, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY USA
| | - Adam D. Brown
- grid.264933.90000 0004 0523 9547Department of Psychology, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY USA
| | - Ram P. Sapkota
- grid.412078.80000 0001 2353 5268Research Center of the Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CIUSSS-ODIM), 6875 boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3 Canada ,grid.57926.3f0000 0004 1936 9131Online Therapy Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK Canada
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The Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Well-Being of College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095089. [PMID: 35564484 PMCID: PMC9100955 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an overall increase in stress and depression in society. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the psychological condition of college students during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore factors influencing their daily functioning. The study focused on four main aspects such as mental well-being, sexuality, concern about financial status, and trust in medical authorities. The study was based on a specially designed survey. The questionnaire was created using Google Forms and shared on social media sites. A total of 630 students participated in the survey, 17 surveys were excluded due to incomplete data and 613 surveys (97.30%) were considered for the final analysis. During isolation, 68.0% of students experienced fear of missing out (FOMO). A total of 73.4% were frustrated due to spending a lot of time in front of a computer. A significant decrease in motivation to study was reported by 78.1% of the respondents. Students showed significantly different attitudes towards sexuality. Concern about the financial situation was reported by 48.7% of respondents. The state of the Polish economy was of concern to 86.4% of respondents. A total of 74.5% of students declared concern about their career development. During the pandemic, 59.0% of respondents became concerned about their health. The attitude towards vaccination was described as positive by 82.5% of the respondents. The percentage of respondents experiencing negative psychological effects relative to the overall epidemiological situation of COVID-19 is troubling. Given the unexpected length and severity of the pandemic, we suggest that students’ concerns be more thoroughly understood and addressed.
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Seeking Causality in the Links between Time Perspectives and Gratitude, Savoring the Moment and Prioritizing Positivity: Initial Empirical Test of Three Conceptual Models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084776. [PMID: 35457640 PMCID: PMC9030972 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We provide an initial empirical test of three conceptual models reflecting possible patterns of causality effects in the relationships between time perspective (TP), gratitude, savoring the moment, and prioritizing positivity (referred to as well-being boosters, WBBs), and mental well-being. The first one, trait-behavior model, states trait TPs increase the tendency to use specific WBBs in order to increase mental well-being. The second model, the accumulation model, proposes that a regular practice of particular WBBs fosters adaptive TPs which in turn impact well-being. The third model, the feedback loop, suggests that WBBs and positive TPs reciprocally strengthen one another and together contribute to higher mental well-being. Participants (N = 206; Mage = 30.90, SD = 8.39, 74% females) filled questionnaires measuring TPs, WBBs, and well-being twice, in a one-year interval. Using cross-lagged panel analyses we examined the direction of causation in the relationships among the variables. Past-Positive had a significant cross-lagged effect on gratitude, Present-Fatalistic had a significant effect on savoring. Both Past-Negative and Present-Fatalistic perspectives displayed significant causal effects on well-being. The results partly support the trait-behavior model. However, given that the second wave was conducted shortly after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, further studies are required to better understand the interplay between the studied traits.
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Lenferink L, Mouthaan J, Fritz AM, Soydas S, Eidhof M, van Hoof MJ, Groen S, Mooren T. Predicting transitions between longitudinal classes of post-traumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: protocol of a latent transition model in a general Dutch sample. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055696. [PMID: 34996798 PMCID: PMC8743835 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature shows profound effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, among which increased rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adjustment disorder (AD). However, current research efforts have largely been unilateral, focusing on psychopathology and not including well-being, and are dominated by examining average psychopathology levels or on disorder absence/presence, thereby ignoring individual differences in mental health. Knowledge on individual differences, as depicted by latent subgroups, in the full spectrum of mental health may provide valuable insights in how individuals transition between health states and factors that predict transitioning from resilient to symptomatic classes. Our aim is to (1) identify longitudinal classes (ie, subgroups of individuals) based on indicators of PTSD, AD and well-being in response to the pandemic and (2) examine predictors of transitioning between these subgroups. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct a three-wave longitudinal online survey study of n≥2000 adults from the general Dutch population. The first measurement occasion takes place 6 months after the start of the pandemic, followed by two follow-up measurements with 6 months of intervals. Latent transition analysis will be used for data analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from four Dutch universities. Longitudinal study designs are vital to monitor mental health (and predictors thereof) in the pandemic to develop preventive and curative mental health interventions. This study is carried out by researchers who are board members of the Dutch Society for Traumatic Stress Studies and is part of a pan-European study (initiated by the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies) examining the impact of the pandemic in 11 countries. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at conferences, via newsletters, and media appearance among (psychotrauma) professionals and the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonneke Lenferink
- Psychology, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne Mouthaan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna M Fritz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzan Soydas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Eidhof
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Reinier van Arkel Psychotraumacenter South Netherlands, Den Bosch, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José van Hoof
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, locatie Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium-LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Groen
- GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Care, De Evenaar Centrum Transculturele Psychiatrie, Beilen, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Mooren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
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Li X, Yu H, Yang N. The mediating role of resilience in the effects of physical exercise on college students' negative emotions during the COVID-19 epidemic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24510. [PMID: 34972833 PMCID: PMC8720086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its suddenness and unpredictability, COVID-19 caused strife and effects on public mental health, resulting in a surge of negative emotions. The study explores the relationship between physical exercise and negative emotions in home-based college students during the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as the mediating role of resilience, thus providing a new basis for understanding the role of physical exercise in improving negative emotions in college students; A total of 1214 college students were investigated with the Physical Exercise Questionnaire, Negative Emotion Scale and Resilience Scale; Both physical exercise and resilience were significantly negatively correlated with negative emotions in college students (r = - 0.25, - 0.33, P < 0.001), and there was a significant positive correlation between physical exercise and resilience (r = 0.47, P < 0.001). Physical exercise had a direct effect on the negative emotions of college students (β = - 0.14, P < 0.001). Resilience had a partial mediating effect between physical exercise and the negative emotions of the college students, with a mediating effect value of 0.14 and a mediating effect contribution rate of 50.00%; The study found that physical exercise not only directly affected the negative emotions of college students but also improved their resilience by slowing down their negative emotions and promoting their mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Li
- CNRS, Brain and Cognition Research Center (CerCo), Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Huasen Yu
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Institute of Physical Education, Shandong Youth University of Political Science, Jinan, China.
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Kazlauskas E, Gelezelyte O, Nomeikaite A, Zelviene P. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Adjustment Disorder in Lithuanian Healthcare in 2018-2020: A Nation-Wide Cohort Study of the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1422. [PMID: 34828469 PMCID: PMC8623943 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple empirical studies have revealed significant pandemic effects of COVID-19 on mental health in various populations. This study aimed to analyze the incidences of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adjustment disorder (AjD) in national healthcare in 2018-2020 in one of the European countries-Lithuania-and estimate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on PTSD and AjD incidences in 2020. The national healthcare registry was used for estimations of diagnosis of PTSD, AjD, and major depressive disorder (MD). The study revealed that stress-related disorders PTSD and AjD are diagnosed rarely, resulting in a considerable gap between the expected prevalence and incidences of these diagnoses in healthcare in Lithuania. Moreover, a significant decline in mental disorders incidence in healthcare in 2020, in comparison to 2018 and 2019, was found, revealing that the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on access to healthcare services and increased barriers for mental disorders treatment. The study indicates that major developments in building up knowledge about the effects of trauma and life stressors on mental health are needed in Lithuania and other countries to increase awareness about stress-related disorders and improve care for trauma survivors, in particular in the context of the pandemics or other large-scale disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evaldas Kazlauskas
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio Str. 29, LT-03100 Vilnius, Lithuania; (O.G.); (A.N.); (P.Z.)
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Piȩta M, Rzeszutek M, Lendzion M, Grymowicz M, Piȩta W, Kasperowicz A, Kucharski M, Przybył M, Smolarczyk R. Body Image During Pregnancy in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019: The Role of Heterogeneous Patterns of Perceived Social Support. Front Psychol 2021; 12:742525. [PMID: 34712185 PMCID: PMC8545858 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.742525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the profiles of pregnant women on perceived social support with regard to sociodemographic variables, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related distress issues, and body image. We compared the aforementioned relationships within the study variables between pregnant women and a control group of non-pregnant women. Method: The study sample comprised 345 women, 157 pregnant women, and 188 women in the control group. Participants filled out paper-and-pencil or online psychometric questionnaires to assess the variables analyzed in our research. Results: Latent profile analysis revealed six profiles of pregnant women based on perceived social support, which varied in terms of body image evaluation. The high-support profile differed from the profiles with the lowest scores in all support domains. Significant differences in body image between the profiles of pregnant women and the control group were noted. Conclusion: Understanding the mechanisms through which women can attain more body satisfaction during pregnancy is an important research topic that can inspire planning for more effective psychological help, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and related psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Piȩta
- University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Lotzin A, Krause L, Acquarini E, Ajdukovic D, Ardino V, Arnberg F, Böttche M, Bragesjö M, Dragan M, Figueiredo-Braga M, Gelezelyte O, Grajewski P, Anastassiou-Hadjicharalambous X, Javakhishvili JD, Kazlauskas E, Lenferink L, Lioupi C, Lueger-Schuster B, Tsiskarishvili L, Mooren T, Sales L, Stevanovic A, Zrnic I, Schäfer I, ADJUST Study Consortium. Risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic - First results of the ESTSS COVID-19 pan-European ADJUST study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1964197. [PMID: 34992755 PMCID: PMC8725769 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1964197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic exposes individuals to multiple stressors, such as quarantine, physical distancing, job loss, risk of infection, and loss of loved ones. Such a complex array of stressors potentially lead to symptoms of adjustment disorder. Objective This cross-sectional exploratory study examined relationships between risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Data from the first wave of the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) longitudinal ADJUST Study were used. N = 15,563 participants aged 18 years and above were recruited in eleven countries (Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden) from June to November 2020. Associations between risk and protective factors (e.g. gender, diagnosis of a mental health disorder), stressors (e.g. fear of infection, restricted face-to-face contact), and symptoms of adjustment disorder (ADNM-8) were examined using multivariate linear regression. Results The prevalence of self-reported probable adjustment disorder was 18.2%. Risk factors associated with higher levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder were female gender, older age, being at risk for severe COVID-19 illness, poorer general health status, current or previous trauma exposure, a current or previous mental health disorder, and longer exposure to COVID-19 news. Protective factors related to lower levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder were higher income, being retired, and having more face-to-face contact with loved ones or friends. Pandemic-related stressors associated with higher levels of symptoms of adjustment disorder included fear of infection, governmental crisis management, restricted social contact, work-related problems, restricted activity, and difficult housing conditions. Conclusions We identified stressors, risk, and protective factors that may help identify individuals at higher risk for adjustment disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Lotzin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Krause
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Dean Ajdukovic
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Filip Arnberg
- Department of Neuroscience, National Centre for Disaster Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Böttche
- Division of Clinical Psychological Intervention, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Bragesjö
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, PortoPortugal
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Odeta Gelezelyte
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | | | - Evaldas Kazlauskas
- Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lonneke Lenferink
- Department of Psychology, Health, & Technology, Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Chrysanthi Lioupi
- School of Ηumanities, Social Sciences and Law, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Trudy Mooren
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa Sales
- Trauma Observatory, Centre for Social Studies (CES), University of Coimbra, Portugal
- Unit of Psychiatry, Hospital Militar, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aleksandra Stevanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Irina Zrnic
- Unit of Psychotraumatology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, ViennaAustria
| | - Ingo Schäfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Ben-Ezra M, Hamama-Raz Y, Goodwin R, Leshem E, Levin Y. Association between mental health trajectories and somatic symptoms following a second lockdown in Israel: a longitudinal study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050480. [PMID: 34475179 PMCID: PMC8413470 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify mental health prospective trajectories before and after a second lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associations with somatic symptoms. DESIGN Prospective Study. SETTING Population-based study drawn from a probability-based internet panel of over 100 000 Israelis. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 18 years or more, representative of the adult Israeli population. The participants were measured at two time points (time 1 (T1) pre-second lockdown N=1029; response rate=76.17%; time 2 (T2) post-second lockdown N=764; response rate=74.24%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Trajectories of anxiety and adjustment disorder based on clinical cut-off score for probable diagnoses across T1-T2, somatic symptoms at T2. The four trajectories: stable-low, (no probable diagnosis), stable-high (stable probable diagnosis), exacerbation (no probable diagnosis at T1, probable diagnosis at T2), recovery (probable diagnosis at T1, no probable diagnosis at T2). RESULTS Three anxiety trajectories predicted probable somatic symptoms (stable-high OR=6.451; exacerbation OR=5.379; recovery OR=2.025) compared with the stable-low trajectory. The three adjustment disorder trajectories also predicted somatic symptoms (stable-high OR=4.726; exacerbation OR=6.419; recovery OR=4.666) compared with the stable-low trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Our data show elevated somatic symptoms among those whose mental health trajectories were poor, exacerbated and those who recovered following the second lockdown. The presentation of somatic symptoms may mask psychological vulnerabilities, even among those who appear to have recovered from the stressor. This indicates that lockdown may be a double-edged sword and should be carefully administered given these populations vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin Goodwin
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Elazar Leshem
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Yafit Levin
- School of Education, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Chutko LS, Surushkina SY, Yakovenko EA, Anisimova TI, Sergeev AV, Kryukova EM, Antokhin EY, Madzhidova EN, Didur MD, Cherednichenko DV. [Clinical features of asthenia in the context of adjustment disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:55-63. [PMID: 34460158 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112107155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study asthenic symptoms in patients with adjustment disorders and to assess the efficacy of cytoflavin in their treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 100 patients, aged 20 to 43 years, with a diagnosis of adjustment disorder. Clinical, neurophysiological and parametric methods were used. An asthenic state scale, the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), a digital rating scale (a 10-point variant) and the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), the Psychological Stress Measure (PSM-25), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) were administered. Cytoflavin was used in a dose of 2 tab. 2 times a day for 25 days for the treatment of patients from the study group. RESULTS In the study group, 48.0% of patients had a pronounced degree of asthenia, and 52% had a moderate one. The clinical improvement was achieved in 73.0%. In the subgroup with moderate asthenia, the improvement was recorded in 88.5% of cases, in the subgroup of patients with severe asthenia in 56.3% of patients. There was a significant decrease in the severity of indicators on the scales of general asthenia, decreased activity and mental asthenia; a significant decrease in the integral indicator of mental tension, a significant improvement in the indicator of attention, a decrease in the frequency and intensity of headache. The improvement in the functional state of the brain in the form of a decrease in the power of the alpha rhythm in the anterior cerebral cortex was shown. CONCLUSION The results of the study allow us to conclude that the use of cytoflavin is effective in the treatment of adjustment disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Chutko
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S Yu Surushkina
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E A Yakovenko
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - T I Anisimova
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Sergeev
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E M Kryukova
- Orenburg Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital No. 1, Orenburg, Russia
| | | | - E N Madzhidova
- Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - M D Didur
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D V Cherednichenko
- N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Zajenkowska A, Nowakowska I, Bodecka-Zych M, Rajchert J, Kaźmierczak I, Jakubowska A, Pinkham AE. Defense Mechanisms and Borderline Personality Organization Among COVID-19 Believers and Non-believers During Complete Lock-Down. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:700774. [PMID: 34504444 PMCID: PMC8421642 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.700774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate whether a specific social perception of the pandemic-believing or not in COVID-19-predicts borderline personality organizations and whether this relationship is mediated by more primitive maladaptive mechanisms-splitting, denial, and dissociation. The online study included 720 organization aged 25-45. Participants were diverse in terms of place of residence, being in a relationship, and education level. Approximately 30% of the general population reported not believing in the COVID-19 pandemic. Non-believers scored slightly higher on borderline symptoms and used more maladaptive defense mechanisms than believers. Individuals who deny COVID-19 are more likely to show characteristics of borderline personality organization. Splitting is an important mechanism in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zajenkowska
- Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Nowakowska
- Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Bodecka-Zych
- Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Rajchert
- Institute of Psychology, The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Amy E. Pinkham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
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