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Yang J, Chen Y, Tian Y, Li X, Yu Q, Huang C, Chen Z, Ning M, Li S, He J, Du J, Huang B, Li Y. Risk factors and consequences of mental health problems in nurses: A scoping review of cohort studies. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38622945 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Mental health problems in nurses are prevalent and impairing. To date, no literature has comprehensively synthesised cohort evidence on mental health among nurses. This scoping review aimed to synthesise the existing literature on the risk factors and consequences of mental health problems in nurses. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, Epistemonikos database, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO from inception to March 2023. We identified 171 cohort studies from 16 countries, mostly (95.3%) from high-income economies. This review indicated that nurses worldwide encountered significant mental health challenges, including depression, cognitive impairment, anxiety, trauma/post-traumatic stress disorder, burnout, sleep disorder, and other negative mental health problems. These problems were closely related to various modifiable risk factors such as nurses' behaviours and lifestyles, social support, workplace bullying and violence, shift work, job demands, and job resources. Moreover, nurses' mental health problems have negative effects on their physical health, behaviour and lifestyle, occupation and organisation, and intrapersonal factors. These findings provided an enhanced understanding of mental health complexities among nurses, and shed light on policy enactment to alleviate the negative impact of mental health problems on nurses. Addressing mental health among nurses should be a top priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yamin Chen
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Central South University, Xiangya Nursing School, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yusheng Tian
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuting Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chongmei Huang
- School of Nursing at Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ning Xia, China
| | - Zengyu Chen
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Central South University, Xiangya Nursing School, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Ning
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Central South University, Xiangya Nursing School, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sini Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaqing He
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Du
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bingqing Huang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Ford JD, Seedat S. On the path to recovery: traumatic stress research during the COVID-19 pandemic 2021-2023. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2281988. [PMID: 38038964 PMCID: PMC10990445 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2281988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue of the European Journal of Psychotraumatology (EJPT) presents 51 articles published between 2021 and 2023 and follows the Special Issue on pandemic-related traumatic stress research published in 2021 (O'Donnell, M. L., & Greene, T. [2021]. Understanding the mental health impacts of COVID-19 through a trauma lens. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1982502). Research on traumatic stress during the pandemic has cast the spotlight on vulnerable populations and groups, notably front-line healthcare workers; people faced with major losses including the deaths of loved ones; those who personally survived debilitating and often life-threatening viral infection; and students who were isolated and experienced profound delays in their education, relationships, and emerging independence. The papers in this collection underscore the associations between COVID-19 related stressors and a plethora of adverse mental health sequelae, including posttraumatic stress reactions, and draw attention to the ubiquity of grief and moral injury and their wide-ranging and detrimental impact. Currently, there is a paucity of evidence on interventions to enhance resources, self-efficacy, and hope for affected groups and individuals through societal, organisational, and healthcare systems; however early research on the prevention of COVID-related traumatic stress disorders provides a basis for both hope and preparedness for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian D. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Soraya Seedat
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Camargo EMD, López Gil JF, Costa CG, Tárraga López PJ, Campos WD, Silva SGDS. Physical activity as a mediator of the association of body mass index change with anxiety/depression symptoms in Brazilian adults during COVID-19. NUTR HOSP 2023. [PMID: 37929832 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted people's behaviors and mental health around the world. AIM to verify the mediating role of physical activity (PA) level in the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and anxiety and depression symptoms. METHODS this is a cross-sectional study with Brazilian adults aged ≥ 18 years (n = 2,000, 59.6 % women) selected by the nonprobabilistic snowball method through digital means of communication (WhatsApp®, Telegram®, Facebook®, Twitter®, e-mails). Linear regression models were fitted for PA level mediation analyses in the relationship between BMI and anxiety/depression symptoms. RESULTS significant differences were found between the active/not overweight group and the other three groups (active/overweight, insufficiently active/not overweight and insufficiently active/overweight [p < 0.001]) for anxiety/depression after adjusting for age, gender, chronic diseases, alcohol consumption, and smoking. When testing the mediating role of daily PA in the association between BMI and anxiety/depression symptoms, BMI was negatively associated with daily PA in the first regression equation (p < 0.001); in the second, BMI was positively related to anxiety/depression symptoms (p < 0.001); and in the third, daily PA showed an inverse relationship with anxiety/depression symptoms (p < 0.001), and although BMI remained negatively associated with anxiety/depression symptoms, these associations maintained their statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS the results suggest that the effect of BMI on anxiety and depression was partially mediated by daily PA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wagner de Campos
- Department of Physical Education. Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR)
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Khan AR, Altalbe A. Potential impacts of Russo-Ukraine conflict and its psychological consequences among Ukrainian adults: the post-COVID-19 era. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1280423. [PMID: 37841733 PMCID: PMC10568327 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since February 2022, the nation of Ukraine has become entangled in an escalating conflict that erupted after coronavirus outbreak fostering a situation of indeterminacy and precariousness, which adversely affected several facets, especially psychological well-being. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the psychological well-being of Ukrainians during the Russo-Ukraine war, as well as their coping strategies in response to the war's repercussions. Consequently, this investigation endeavors to explore the prevalence of symptoms associated with depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia and to correlate these symptoms with Ukrainians' effective coping mechanisms during the ongoing war. Methods An online survey was administered in Ukraine from June to August 2022 due to the ongoing Russo-Ukraine conflict. The survey employed a quota sampling technique, targeting 2,664 individuals (≥18 years). Out of the total sample, 1,833 valid responses were obtained, yielding a response rate of 68. 81%. Depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21), while the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was utilized to evaluate insomnia symptoms. In addition, Brief-COPE was adopted to evaluate the coping mechanisms of the selected study participants. Results Of 1,833 Ukrainian adults, 60.5% had symptoms of stress; 62.4% of them reported symptoms of anxiety; and 58.2% reported symptoms of depression. Symptom criteria for insomnia were found in about 21.8% of the study sample. The factors of sex, living area, area occupied by Russian forces, and having older adults and children in the house were statistically significant with symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia. The productive coping strategies of self-distraction, using instrumental support, planning, and behavioral disengagement, were observed as statistically significant with four psychological constructs. Conclusion The study outcomes highlight a substantial prevalence of symptoms related to depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia attributed to the accumulated consequences of ongoing conflict and the COVID-19 outbreak. The aforementioned findings emphasize the imperative of providing healthcare services and facilitating effective coping strategies among Ukrainians amid the ongoing war.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Riaz Khan
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National United Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Branden Industrial Park, Qihe Economic and Development Zone, Dezhou, China
| | - Ali Altalbe
- Department of Computer Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Moya-Salazar J, Chiu-Higa E, Jaime-Quispe A, Cañari B, Moya-Espinoza JG, Contreras-Pulache H. Quality of life in families under quarantine: a cross-sectional study in seven countries during the first outbreak of COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1238569. [PMID: 37732081 PMCID: PMC10508986 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1238569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted human well-being worldwide in unforeseen ways. In early 2020, the spread of the virus left its mark on every affected country, impacting mental health by limiting daily activities and causing fatalities amidst public health strategies to mitigate its impact. The influence of COVID-19 on the quality of life (QoL) may vary between countries, underscoring the need to examine its effects on individuals and families during the mandatory home quarantine. We aimed to assess the QoL of individuals and families during home isolation by COVID-19 lockdown. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2020. We included adult partners (≥18 years) of families from Brazil, Colombia, Spain, Japan, Peru, Russia, and Venezuela. Using the 26-item World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire we assess the impact of COVID-19 on their partner/family member's QoL. Results The survey was completed by 466 participants (mean age = 38.59 ± 13.75 years; females = 298) and 76% worked mostly as health professionals from South America (69.2%), Europe (18.4%), and Asia (12.4%). The WHOQOL-BREF mean score from 38.38 ± 11.55 (range = 22.8-43.4). The average quality of life in South America (41.9 ± 1.2) was significantly higher than that of European countries (30.9 ± 11.5) (p = 0.002). The social relations dimension was the only one with values close to 100 (mean = 83.3) in 6/7 evaluated countries, where only Spain had a low score (41 ± 33.12). Women had a slightly lower quality of life than men, but it was not significant (40.2 ± 8.8 vs. 41.5 ± 9.9, p = 0.354), while we found differences in the overall QoL between young and older, and by employment type (p < 0.05). According to family structure, we found differences on QoL between nuclear and siblings' families (p = 0.024). Conclusion Families from seven countries of three continents reported poor QoL during the first outbreak of COVID-19. The pandemic scenario has dramatically weakened the QoL in 3/4 dimensions, where social relationships have remained high. It is important to fully address the impact of this reduced QoL on families after several waves of infection and to provide comprehensive support in the post-COVID future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeel Moya-Salazar
- Faculties of Health Science, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - Erika Chiu-Higa
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren, Lima, Peru
| | - Alexis Jaime-Quispe
- Qualitative Unit, Nesh Hubbs, Lima, Peru
- Digital Transformation Center, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Betsy Cañari
- Qualitative Unit, Nesh Hubbs, Lima, Peru
- Digital Transformation Center, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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Moya-Salazar J, Jaime-Quispe A, Cañari B, Moya-Espinoza JG, Contreras-Pulache H. A systematic review of mental health in rural Andean populations in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1136328. [PMID: 37663592 PMCID: PMC10470633 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1136328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has been causing mental health problems around the world, with rural and indigenous peoples likely to be the most affected. This systematic review synthesizes and critically analyzes the existing literature on mental disorders in the rural Andean population in Latin America. Methods A systematic review with narrative synthesis was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. We searched nine databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scielo, LILACS, and Latindex), five public prepublication servers (SocArXiv, medRxiv, bioRxiv, SportRXiv, and Preprints), ALICIA, and Google Scholar for articles that included the analysis of mental health problems using data collected from the rural Andean population in Latin America. These were eligible for inclusion. Articles that included Non-Latin American populations (including European or African migrants) and studies conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (since the declaration of national lockdown) were excluded. Results A total of 23,761 articles were retrieved, 14 of which met the inclusion requirements. Most were cross-sectional (n = 12) and related to anxiety (n = 9), depression (n = 8), and stress (n = 5). The mental health analysis of 5,976 rural dwellers from four countries in Latin America also included gray literature studies (n = 7) that allowed the quantification of mental health problems in adults (n = 7) and adolescents/children (n = 4). Only one study was multinational, and the quality of publications varied. Despite the high frequency of anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms among rural Latin American populations during COVID-19, published research is very limited. This review found preliminary evidence that the frequency of anxiety (45%), depression (27.6%), and stress (33.1%) in the rural population was associated with pandemic restrictions across countries. Measures of other psychiatric problems, such as distress or suicidal ideation, cannot be estimated. Conclusion Regional-wide studies investigating changes in the frequency of symptoms of mental health problems in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are warranted to inform culturally adapted prevention strategies. This study is limited to a narrative synthesis and may be subject to publication bias. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=320489.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeel Moya-Salazar
- Faculties of Health Science, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - Alexis Jaime-Quispe
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
- Qualitative Unit, Nesh Hubbs, Lima, Peru
| | - Betsy Cañari
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Hans Contreras-Pulache
- South America Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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Mejia CR, Alvarez-Risco A, Chamorro-Espinoza S, Castillón-Lozano JA, Paucar MC, Padilla-F VJ, Armada J, Vilela-Estrada MA, Serna-Alarcón V, Del-Aguila-Arcentales S, Yáñez JA. Crisis due to war: anxiety, depression and stress in the population of 13 Latin American countries. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1218298. [PMID: 37547209 PMCID: PMC10398955 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1218298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainability may be at risk in a population that has altered health, according to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3): Health and well-being. The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine could jeopardize SDG 3, specifically the mental health of the population. The present study sought to determine the association between severe anxiety, depression and stress in population of 13 Latin American countries according to fear about the war conflict. It was a cross-sectional, analytical and multicenter study. Anxiety, depression and stress were measured with the DASS-21 test (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.97) and fear due to an armed crisis with a questionnaire already validated in Latin America (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.92), which was also adjusted for sex, age, education level and country of residence. Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. Of the 2,626 respondents, the main fear was that weapons of mass destruction would be used. In the multivariate models, strong associations were found between fear of a possible world-scale armed conflict and having severe or very severe levels of anxiety (aPR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.64-2.36; value of p <0.001), depression (aPR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.54-2.36; value of p <0.001) or stress (aPR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.63-2.57; value of p <0.001). Sustainability linked to SDG 3, specifically mental health, is affected by this type of significant events, given the possible global war crisis that could trigger major events, even more so if added to the deterioration already experienced by COVID-19 in the Latin American region, insecurity and constant political uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scherlli Chamorro-Espinoza
- Universidad de Aquino Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
- Asociación Médica de Investigación y Servicios en Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge Andrés Castillón-Lozano
- Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de investigación Infettare, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
- Asociación de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina de Colombia (ASCEMCOL), Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Valeria J. Padilla-F
- Federación Latinoamericana de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina, Asunción, Paraguay
- Universidad Autónoma Juan Misael Saracho, Tarija, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Victor Serna-Alarcón
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru
- Hospital José Cayetano Heredia, EsSalud, Piura, Peru
| | | | - Jaime A. Yáñez
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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Salameh G, Marais D, Khoury R. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health among the Population in Jordan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6382. [PMID: 37510614 PMCID: PMC10379603 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is a key indicator for public health measures. Jordan is one of the countries that has a high prevalence of mental illness and disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all health services in the country with a high refugee population. The aim of this review is to assess the impact of the pandemic on mental health in Jordan and identify key factors affecting it, in addition to addressing lessons learned from the pandemic. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on Medline Plus, Embase, Web of Science, EBSCOHost Psycinfo and Cinhal, following the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted and synthesized using narrative descriptive analysis. RESULTS The pandemic had a significant impact on PTSD, psychological distress, anxiety, depression and stress. Predictors of a higher impact on mental health were related to gender, socio-economic status and comorbidities. The healthcare workers group was the most affected by mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic's impact on mental health was associated with high levels of PTSD, anxiety, depression and stress. In a country with a high prevalence of mental disorders, prompt and quick measures are needed to support the health system to absorb the effect of the pandemic and be responsive to dealing with the existing high prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith Salameh
- School of Health, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Debbi Marais
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Zhang SX, Kowalczuk K. Editorial: New evidence on the psychological impacts and consequences of COVID-19 on mental workload healthcare workers in diverse regions in the world. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1226793. [PMID: 37383617 PMCID: PMC10295729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1226793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen X. Zhang
- Adelaide Business School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Krystyna Kowalczuk
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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Habibi Asgarabad M, Etesam F, Salehi Yegaei P, Vahabi Z, Akbari Saneh N, Fathi F, Ghosi F, Wiium N. Construct validity of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in patients with COVID-19 and its demographic and medical correlates. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1132154. [PMID: 37342638 PMCID: PMC10277699 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1132154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present cross sectional study aimed to evaluate the construct and criterion validity, reliability, and gender and age differences of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in 2020. The criterion validity was assessed via its link with perceived stress, sleep quality, daily life activities, and demographic and medical characteristics. Methods A total of 328 COVID-19 patients (55.8% men; Mage = 50.49, SD = 14.96) completed the GHQ-12, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Activities of Daily Life (ADL)-Katz Scale, and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL). Results Among 13 factorial models, the three-factor model (successful coping, self-esteem, and stress) was shown to have the best fit. GHQ-12 was positively associated with PSQI, PSS, Hyperlipidemia, psychiatry disorders, hospitalization duration, the change in sleep time, and use of sleeping pills, and negatively correlated with educational level, and the number of family members. The GHQ-12 also had a negative correlation with ADL and IADL in over 60 years of age group. Females scored higher on total GHQ-12 scores, compared to males. Finally, the hospitalization duration was longer for patients over 60 (mean = 8.8 days, SD = 5.9) than patients under 60 (mean = 6.35 days, SD = 5.87). Discussion Overall, the findings provided evidence that mental distress in patients with COVID-19 is correlated with high perceived stress, low sleep quality, low ADL and IADL, and a range of demographic features and medical conditions. Designing psychological interventions for these patients that target the aforementioned correlates of mental distress is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Habibi Asgarabad
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Positive Youth Development Lab, Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Center of Excellence in Cognitive Neuropsychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Etesam
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pardis Salehi Yegaei
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahabi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Ziaeian Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Cognitive Neurology and Neuropsychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niusha Akbari Saneh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Psychiatric Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fathi
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghosi
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Al Zahra, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nora Wiium
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Witteveen AB, Young SY, Cuijpers P, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Barbui C, Bertolini F, Cabello M, Cadorin C, Downes N, Franzoi D, Gasior M, Gray B, Melchior M, van Ommeren M, Palantza C, Purgato M, van der Waerden J, Wang S, Sijbrandij M. COVID-19 and common mental health symptoms in the early phase of the pandemic: An umbrella review of the evidence. PLoS Med 2023; 20:e1004206. [PMID: 37098048 PMCID: PMC10129001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There remains uncertainty about the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental health. This umbrella review provides a comprehensive overview of the association between the pandemic and common mental disorders. We qualitatively summarized evidence from reviews with meta-analyses of individual study-data in the general population, healthcare workers, and specific at-risk populations. METHODS AND FINDINGS A systematic search was carried out in 5 databases for peer-reviewed systematic reviews with meta-analyses of prevalence of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms during the pandemic published between December 31, 2019 until August 12, 2022. We identified 123 reviews of which 7 provided standardized mean differences (SMDs) either from longitudinal pre- to during pandemic study-data or from cross-sectional study-data compared to matched pre-pandemic data. Methodological quality rated with the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews checklist scores (AMSTAR 2) instrument was generally low to moderate. Small but significant increases of depression, anxiety, and/or general mental health symptoms were reported in the general population, in people with preexisting physical health conditions, and in children (3 reviews; SMDs ranged from 0.11 to 0.28). Mental health and depression symptoms significantly increased during periods of social restrictions (1 review; SMDs of 0.41 and 0.83, respectively) but anxiety symptoms did not (SMD: 0.26). Increases of depression symptoms were generally larger and longer-lasting during the pandemic (3 reviews; SMDs depression ranged from 0.16 to 0.23) than those of anxiety (2 reviews: SMDs 0.12 and 0.18). Females showed a significantly larger increase in anxiety symptoms than males (1 review: SMD 0.15). In healthcare workers, people with preexisting mental disorders, any patient group, children and adolescents, and in students, no significant differences from pre- to during pandemic were found (2 reviews; SMD's ranging from -0.16 to 0.48). In 116 reviews pooled cross-sectional prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms ranged from 9% to 48% across populations. Although heterogeneity between studies was high and largely unexplained, assessment tools and cut-offs used, age, sex or gender, and COVID-19 exposure factors were found to be moderators in some reviews. The major limitations are the inability to quantify and explain the high heterogeneity across reviews included and the shortage of within-person data from multiple longitudinal studies. CONCLUSIONS A small but consistent deterioration of mental health and particularly depression during early pandemic and during social restrictions has been found in the general population and in people with chronic somatic disorders. Also, associations between mental health and the pandemic were stronger in females and younger age groups than in others. Explanatory individual-level, COVID-19 exposure, and time-course factors were scarce and showed inconsistencies across reviews. For policy and research, repeated assessments of mental health in population panels including vulnerable individuals are recommended to respond to current and future health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke B. Witteveen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Y. Young
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- South African PTSD Research Programme of Excellence, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Mental Health Services at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Corrado Barbui
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Bertolini
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Cabello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Mental Health Services at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Camilla Cadorin
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Naomi Downes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale, Paris, France
| | - Daniele Franzoi
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Gasior
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brandon Gray
- World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Melchior
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale, Paris, France
| | - Mark van Ommeren
- World Health Organization, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christina Palantza
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianna Purgato
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Judith van der Waerden
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Sociale, Paris, France
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Zalewska A, Gałczyk M, Sobolewski M, Fernandes H. A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study on the Level of Depression and Physical Activity among Students in Poland and Portugal in the Second Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072541. [PMID: 37048625 PMCID: PMC10095387 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the study was to make a preliminary assessment of depression rates and levels of physical activity and the association between physical activity and depression among Polish and Portuguese students in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A web-based online survey was conducted among students in Poland and Portugal (398 respondents—229 from Poland and 169 from Portugal) aged between 17 and 26 in October 2022. The level of depression was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in Polish and in Portuguese. The level of physical activity was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in Polish and in Portuguese. Results: Overall, 20–35% of respondents suffered from moderate depression, with a lower proportion among men. There were no differences in the percentage distribution of depression classification between Polish and Portuguese students. A decrease in the severity of depression was observed with increasing physical activity. In both countries, walking more often had the strongest effect on reducing depression scores. Conclusions: The continued and alarming prevalence of depressive disorders among university students in the year after the pandemic began had a significant impact on this population—further research on the impact of physical activity on mental health in different populations should be conducted to adjust the optimal level of physical activity for alleviating negative psychiatric symptoms.
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13
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Wang W, Ji X, Guo HY, Tao M, Jin L, Chen M, Yuan H, Peng H. Investigation on sleep-related cognition of Chinese health care workers during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1019837. [PMID: 36993928 PMCID: PMC10040544 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1019837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID pandemic has brought tremendous negative effects on the mental health of health care workers, such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. We conducted this study to evaluate the sleep-related cognition of Chinese health care workers (HCWs) during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic and analyze its association with sleep quality, so as to provide scientific reference for improving sleep of HCWs.Patients and methodsA total of 404 HCWs from Yijishan Hospital of Wuhu City, China were enrolled in the study, selected by randomized cluster sampling in May 2020. We made a questionnaire to collect the general demographic information of the participants. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a brief version of Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS-16) were used to measure sleep quality and sleep-related cognition, respectively.ResultsThe results showed that 312 HCWs (77.2%) had false beliefs and attitudes about sleep, while only 92 HCWs (22.8%) had correct beliefs about sleep. In addition, we found that those HCWs who were older, married, with a bachelor’s degree or higher, nurses, more daily working hours (> 8 h) and monthly night shifts (≥ 5 times), had higher DBAS-16 scores (all p < 0.05). However, we did not find significant differences between men and women in DBAS-16 scores. According to the definition of PSQI, a total of 1/4 of the HCWs are poor sleepers and their DBAS-16 score was higher than good sleepers (t = 7.622, p < 0.001). In the end, we confirmed a positive correlation between sleep cognition and sleep quality (r = 0.392, p < 0.01).ConclusionOur study revealed false beliefs and attitudes about sleep were prevalent among HCWs during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, and these false beliefs about sleep were closely correlated to sleep quality. We recommend fighting against these false beliefs about sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xincan Ji
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Hao-Yang Guo
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Mengjun Tao
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical Collegue, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Lairun Jin
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Chen
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Yuan,
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Science and Technology Administration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical Collegue, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Hui Peng,
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14
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González-García I, Visser M. A Semantic Cognition Contribution to Mood and Anxiety Disorder Pathophysiology. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060821. [PMID: 36981478 PMCID: PMC10047953 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the functional role of the bilateral anterior temporal lobes (bATLs) has been receiving more attention. They have been associated with semantics and social concept processing, and are regarded as a core region for depression. In the past, the role of the ATL has often been overlooked in semantic models based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) due to geometric distortions in the BOLD signal. However, previous work has unequivocally associated the bATLs with these higher-order cognitive functions following advances in neuroimaging techniques to overcome the geometric distortions. At the same time, the importance of the neural basis of conceptual knowledge in understanding mood disorders became apparent. Theoretical models of the neural basis of mood and anxiety disorders have been classically studied from the emotion perspective, without concentrating on conceptual processing. However, recent work suggests that the ATL, a brain region underlying conceptual knowledge, plays an essential role in mood and anxiety disorders. Patients with anxiety and depression often cope with self-blaming biases and guilt. The theory is that in order to experience guilt, the brain needs to access the related conceptual information via the ATL. This narrative review describes how aberrant interactions of the ATL with the fronto–limbic emotional system could underlie mood and anxiety disorders.
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15
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Sun M, Li X, Yao J, Huang X, Kang Y, Li Z. Psychological status of medical staff dedicated to nucleic acid collection in COVID-19 epidemic during closed-loop management: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1131971. [PMID: 36969671 PMCID: PMC10036577 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1131971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTo investigate the depression, anxiety and somnipathy situation occurred in the nucleic acid collection staff during the closed-loop management period of COVID-19. And try to understand the influencing factors of related psychological status.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 1,014 nucleic acid collection staff from seven Chinese hospitals was conducted. Various investigation methods were involved in the questionnaires to collect data, including 12-items self-made questionnaire survey of basic demographic information, 9-items patient health questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9), 7-items generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0 and Excel software. Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi-square test, correlation analysis, mono-factor analysis and binary logistic regression were applied accordingly for further analysis.ResultsThe positive rate of depression, anxiety and sleep disorder of 1,014 nucleic acid collectors under closed-loop management were 33.5, 27.2, and 50.1%, respectively. Depression was significantly positively correlated with anxiety and sleep (P < 0.05). The scores of depression scale were positively correlated with the age and the fear for infection (r = 0.106, 0.218, both P < 0.05); The scores of anxiety scale were also positively correlated with the age and the fear for infection (r = 0.124, 0.225, both P < 0.05); The length of service, collection time and the degree of worry about infection and was positively correlated with the score of sleep scale (r = 0.077, 0.074, 0.195, both P < 0.05); Education level had a significant negative association with PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PSQI (r = −0.167,−0.172, both P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, technical title, education level, collection time, collection frequency, collection location, fear for infection and external environment were important influencing factors of depression, anxiety and sleep disorders.ConclusionThe results of this study suggested that when carrying out nucleic acid collection mission, managers should intervene to optimize the collection location, control the duration of each collection mission, replace the collection staff in time and pay close attention to the psychological state of the collection staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Sun
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaowei Li
| | - Jie Yao
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Huang
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujuan Kang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
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Bower M, Smout S, Donohoe-Bales A, O’Dean S, Teesson L, Boyle J, Lim D, Nguyen A, Calear AL, Batterham PJ, Gournay K, Teesson M. A hidden pandemic? An umbrella review of global evidence on mental health in the time of COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1107560. [PMID: 36970258 PMCID: PMC10032377 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1107560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic remain a public health concern. High quality synthesis of extensive global literature is needed to quantify this impact and identify factors associated with adverse outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a rigorous umbrella review with meta-review and present (a) pooled prevalence of probable depression, anxiety, stress, psychological distress, and post-traumatic stress, (b) standardised mean difference in probable depression and anxiety pre-versus-during the pandemic period, and (c) comprehensive narrative synthesis of factors associated with poorer outcomes. Databases searched included Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE dated to March 2022. Eligibility criteria included systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses, published post-November 2019, reporting data in English on mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsThree hundred and thirty-eight systematic reviews were included, 158 of which incorporated meta-analyses. Meta-review prevalence of anxiety symptoms ranged from 24.4% (95%CI: 18–31%, I2: 99.98%) for general populations to 41.1% (95%CI: 23–61%, I2: 99.65%) in vulnerable populations. Prevalence of depressive symptoms ranged from 22.9% (95%CI: 17–30%, I2: 99.99%) for general populations to 32.5% (95%CI: 17–52%, I2: 99.35) in vulnerable populations. Prevalence of stress, psychological distress and PTSD/PTSS symptoms were 39.1% (95%CI: 34–44%; I2: 99.91%), 44.2% (95%CI: 32–58%; I2: 99.95%), and 18.8% (95%CI: 15–23%; I2: 99.87%), respectively. Meta-review comparing pre-COVID-19 to during COVID-19 prevalence of probable depression and probable anxiety revealed standard mean differences of 0.20 (95%CI = 0.07–0.33) and 0.29 (95%CI = 0.12–0.45), respectively.ConclusionThis is the first meta-review to synthesise the longitudinal mental health impacts of the pandemic. Findings show that probable depression and anxiety were significantly higher than pre-COVID-19, and provide some evidence that that adolescents, pregnant and postpartum people, and those hospitalised with COVID-19 experienced heightened adverse mental health. Policymakers can modify future pandemic responses accordingly to mitigate the impact of such measures on public mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlee Bower
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Marlee Bower,
| | - Scarlett Smout
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Scarlett Smout,
| | - Amarina Donohoe-Bales
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Siobhan O’Dean
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lily Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Boyle
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Denise Lim
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andre Nguyen
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison L. Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Philip J. Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kevin Gournay
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Takács R, Asztalos M, Ungvari GS, Gazdag G. The Impact of the 4 Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Electroconvulsive Therapy Practice in Hungary. J ECT 2023; 39:57-59. [PMID: 35917198 DOI: 10.1097/yct.0000000000000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Xu W, Pavlova I, Chen X, Petrytsa P, Graf-Vlachy L, Zhang SX. Mental health symptoms and coping strategies among Ukrainians during the Russia-Ukraine war in March 2022. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023:207640221143919. [PMID: 36598090 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221143919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The Russian attack on Ukraine has been ongoing since February 24, 2022. Nevertheless, no research has documented the mental health of Ukrainians during the biggest land war in Europe after the Second World War, or how Ukrainians cope with the impact of the war. OBJECTIVES To provide the prevalence rates of symptoms of psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia; and to link them with Ukrainians' productive coping strategies during the war. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Online survey conducted in Ukraine during the initial period of the Russian invasion (March 19-31, 2022), using a quota sampling method, of 1,400 Ukrainians aged 18 years or older, with a total of 801 valid responses for a response rate of 57.2%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Psychological distress assessed by the Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K6); anxiety assessed by Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) scale; depression assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2); insomnia assessed by Insomnia Severity Index-4 (ISI-4); modes of coping assessed by Brief COPE. RESULTS Of 801 Ukrainian adults, 52.7% had symptoms of psychological distress (mean = 13.3 [SD = 4.9]); 54.1% of them reported symptoms of anxiety (mean = 2.9 [SD = 1.7]); 46.8% reported symptoms of depression (mean = 2.6 [SD = 1.6]). Symptom criteria for insomnia were met by 97 respondents (12.1%) (mean = 10.4 [SD = 4.2]). Demographic variables (including gender, living in an urban area, having children or elderly persons in the household, living in an area occupied by Russian forces) were associated with symptoms of distress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The productive coping strategies of using instrumental support, behavioral disengagement, self-distraction, and planning were significantly associated with mental health symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence rates of symptoms of psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and insomnia were high. These findings underscore the need for healthcare and productive coping strategies for Ukrainians during the war.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Xi Chen
- University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China
| | - Petro Petrytsa
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ukraine
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Renzi E, Imeshtari V, Masud D, Baccolini V, Migliara G, Gasperini G, De Vito C, Marzuillo C, Villari P, Massimi A. The other side of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study on mental health in a sample of Italian nurses during the second wave. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1083693. [PMID: 36937741 PMCID: PMC10015892 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1083693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a drastic increase in the workload of healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, with serious consequences for their psychological well-being. Our study aimed to identify demographic and work-related factors, as well as clinical predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), in nurses employed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional study between December 2020 and April 2021 on nurses employed during the COVID-19 second wave (October - December 2020). We evaluated PTSD and GAD using two validated questionnaires: i) the Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R); and ii) General Anxiety Disorder -7 (GAD-7). Results Overall, 400 nurses, whose mean age was 34.3 years (SD ± 11.7), were included in the study. Most were female (78.5%), unmarried (58.5%) and employed in the central (61.5%) regions of Italy. A total of 56.8% of all participants had clinical predictors of PTSD, recording a median IES-R score (IQR) of 37.0 (22.0, 51.0) (range 1-84; cut-off >33 for PTSD). Furthermore, 50% of respondents reported moderate-to-severe symptoms consistent with GAD, recording a median GAD-7 score (IQR) of 9.5 (6.0,14.0) (range 0-21; cut-off >10 for GAD). Multivariable analysis showed that moderate-to-severe GAD (aOR = 4.54, 95% CI: 2.93 - 7.05), being employed in the critical care area (aOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.01 - 3.00) and being female (aOR= 1.88, 95% CI: 1.09 - 3.22) were significantly associated with the presence of clinical predictors of PTSD. Discussion The levels of PTSD symptoms and anxiety among nurses were high during the pandemic. PTSD and GAD represent a public health problem that should be addressed in the post-pandemic period. Healthcare organizations need to activate specific support and rehabilitation networks and programs for healthcare professionals employed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Renzi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Erika Renzi,
| | - Valentin Imeshtari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dima Masud
- Emergency Department, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Baccolini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Migliara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Gasperini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Umberto I Teaching Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado De Vito
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Marzuillo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Villari
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Azzurra Massimi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Santander-Hernández FM, Peralta CI, Guevara-Morales MA, Díaz-Vélez C, Valladares-Garrido MJ. Smartphone overuse, depression & anxiety in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273575. [PMID: 36040873 PMCID: PMC9426930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Medical students have made particular use of smartphones during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although higher smartphone overuse has been observed, its effect on mental disorders is unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between smartphone overuse and mental disorders in Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 370 students aged between 16 and 41 years (median age: 20) in three universities from July to October 2020. A survey including Smartphone Dependence and Addiction Scale, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 was applied. Prevalence ratios were estimated using generalized linear models.
Results
Smartphone overuse was a common feature among students (n = 291, 79%). Depressive symptoms were present in 290 (78%) students and anxiety symptoms in 255 (69%). Adjusted for confounders, addictive/dependent smartphone use was significantly associated with presence of depressive symptoms (PR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.20–1.38 for dependent use; PR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.12–1.50 for addictive use). Also, addictive/dependent smartphone use was significantly associated with presence of anxiety symptoms (PR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14–2.23 for dependent use; PR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.07–2.41 for addictive use).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that medical students exposed to smartphone overuse are vulnerable to mental disorders. Overuse may reflect an inappropriate way of finding emotional relief, which may significantly affect quality of life and academic performance. Findings would assist faculties to establish effective measures for prevention of smartphone overuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor M. Santander-Hernández
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo filial Piura, Universidad Cesar Vallejo filial Piura, Piura, Peru
| | - C. Ichiro Peralta
- Facultad de Medicina Hipólito Unanue, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel A. Guevara-Morales
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo filial Piura, Universidad Cesar Vallejo filial Piura, Piura, Peru
| | - Cristian Díaz-Vélez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación–IETSI, EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
- Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo, Peru
- * E-mail:
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21
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Assessment of Anxiety, Depression, Work-Related Stress, and Burnout in Health Care Workers (HCWs) Affected by COVID-19: Results of a Case–Control Study in Italy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154434. [PMID: 35956051 PMCID: PMC9369262 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate whether HCWs infected with COVID-19 may experience potential psychological consequences and a higher incidence of depression, anxiety, work-related stress, and burnout compared to non-infected HCWs. A case–control study with 774 participants was conducted comparing COVID-19-infected HCWs (cases) and non-infected HCWs (controls) from the Occupational Medicine Unit at the Teaching Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, who were administered the same questionnaire including Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and Karasek’s Job Content Questionnaire. No differences in the levels of burnout and decision latitude were found between the two groups. Cases showed higher level of anxiety and job demand compared to controls. In contrast, levels of depression in the case group were significantly lower compared to the control group. The results are indicating the need for workplace health promotion activities based on stress and burnout management and prevention. Multiple organizational and work-related interventions can lower the impact of mental health-related issues in the COVID-19 pandemics, including the improvement of workplace infrastructures, as well as the adoption of correct and shared anti-contagion measures, which must include regular personal protective equipment supply, and the adoption of training programs that deal with mental health-related issues.
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22
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Modeling Suicidality Risks and Understanding the Phenomenon of Suicidality Under the Loupe of Pandemic Context: National Findings of the COMET-G Study in the Russian Population. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2022. [DOI: 10.17816/cp167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Suicidality is a complex clinical phenomenon reflecting vulnerability to suicidal behavior which can be explained via the biopsychosocial paradigm and in relationship with a variety of country-specific factors. Data on suicides within the Russian population are inconsistent (from 11.7 up to 25.1 per 100.000), whereas the populations suicidality risks have not been investigated in detail. Suicidality estimates during the multifactorial influence of the COVID-19 pandemic could serve as a basis to learn more about this mental health indicator.
METHODS: The current study is a part of the COMET-G international project (40 countries, n=55.589), which represents an analysis of data collected from Russias general population (n=7714, 3312 y.o., 61% female) to estimate suicidality using the Risk Assessment Suicidality Scale (RASS) and its relationships with socio-demographic, clinical, and life-habit characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic. The evaluation of the statistical data (descriptive statistics, ANOVA, LASSO linear regression, significant at =0.05) was undertaken using TIBCO Statistica.
RESULTS: According to the RASS, at least 20.68%, and up to 29.15%, of the general population in Russia demonstrated increased risk of suicidality during the pandemic. Modelling these risks pointed to the key vulnerabilities related to mental and behavioral disorders, such as (i) current severe depression and a history of mental disorders, (ii) bipolar disorder, (iii) use of illicit drugs surprisingly outranking the alcohol misuse, and psychiatric compounds (hypnotics), highlighting sleep quality deterioration, (iv) a history of suicide attempts and self-harm though not self-reported changes in depression in response were predictors of the risk of suicidality, which can be explained by the phenomenon of learned suicidality, a habitual behavioral suicidality pattern completion accumulated over the background. Such (v) socio-demographic indicators as younger age (disregarding the gender factor), a marital status of single, having no children, living with fewer people in the household, a recent increase in family conflicts, increased need for emotional support, decreased need for communication, and not believing in precautionary measures against COVID-19, contributed to the increase of suicidality risk in the context of the pandemic.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study revealed new suicide risk factors that should be taken into account in suicidality risk assessments for the Russian population and in the implementation of suicide prevention programs in the region.
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23
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Embitterment during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Reaction to Injustice, Humiliation, and Breach of Trust. PSYCHIATRY INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint3030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has not only had an impact on the health of many people, but also on politics, the economy, and everyday life at large. It has been shown that some people respond with anxiety and depression, which is not surprising. Another reaction in the context of COVID-19 is embittered fights and disruptions between family members, friends, and neighbors, but also problems on a societal and political level, mutual public insults, political demonstrations, and even aggressive outbursts with a high number of participants. This calls for a separate explanation. One trigger may be embitterment, an emotion known to anybody in reaction to injustice, humiliation, and breach of trust, in association with helplessness. It comes along with a nagging desire to fight back and is usually accompanied by aggressive fantasies and combatively impulses towards the wrongdoer. This emotion also spreads indiscriminately to other people and the world. There are few initial studies which show that there is a significant increase in the rate of embitterment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased embitterment was related to financial losses, concern about restricted societal freedom, job insecurity, oppositional attitudes, helplessness, dissatisfaction with life, and inclination to join anti-COVID-19 demonstrations. These findings suggest that it is important to foster resilience against stressors, be it because of the virus itself, restrictions in daily freedom, negative comments by other persons, or imbalanced press releases. Of importance is also to abstain from insulting comments towards people who do not follow the mainstream, to allow adjustment of rules to given situations, and to take people along by listening to their grievances, instead of leaving demonstrations on the street as the only method to voice concerns.
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24
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Wongpakaran N, Wongpakaran T, Kövi Z. Development and validation of 21-item Outcome Inventory (OI-21). Heliyon 2022; 8:e09682. [PMID: 35711988 PMCID: PMC9193908 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand
| | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
| | - Zsuzsanna Kövi
- Institute of Psychology, Centre of Specialist Postgraduate Programmes in Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
- Corresponding author.
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25
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Lim DW, Han D, Lee C. Pedicularis resupinata Extract Prevents Depressive-like Behavior in Repeated Corticosterone-Induced Depression in Mice: A Preliminary Study. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113434. [PMID: 35684372 PMCID: PMC9182056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive corticosterone (CORT), resulting from a dysregulated hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, is associated with cognitive impairment and behavioral changes, including depression. In Korean oriental medicine, Pedicularis resupinata is used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. However, the antidepressant properties of P. resupinata have not been well characterized. Here, the antidepressant-like effects of P. resupinata extract (PRE) were evaluated in terms of CORT-induced depression using in vivo models. HPLC confirmed that acteoside, a phenylethanoid glycoside, was the main compound from PRE. Male ICR mice (8 weeks old) were injected with CORT (40 mg/kg, i.p.) and orally administered PRE daily (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) for 21 consecutive days. Depressive-like behaviors were evaluated using the open-field test, sucrose preference test, passive avoidance test, tail suspension test, and forced swim test. Treatment with a high dose of PRE significantly alleviated CORT-induced, depressive-like behaviors in mice. Additionally, repeated CORT injection markedly reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, whereas total glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and GR phosphorylation at serine 211 were significantly increased in the mice hippocampus but improved by PRE treatment. Thus, our findings suggest that PRE has potential antidepressant-like effects in CORT-induced, depressive-like behavior in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daeseok Han
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (C.L.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9246 (D.H.); +82-63-219-9226 (C.L.)
| | - Changho Lee
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (C.L.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9246 (D.H.); +82-63-219-9226 (C.L.)
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26
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Chen J, Zhang SX, Yin A, Yáñez JA. Mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2022; 12:05011. [PMID: 35604881 PMCID: PMC9126304 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.05011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic review aims to 1) summarize the prevalence of anxiety, depression, distress, insomnia, and PTSD in the adult population during the first year of the COVID pandemic in developing countries and 2) uncover and highlight the uneven distribution of research on mental health in all developing countries across regions. Methods Several literature databases were systemically searched for meta-analyses published by September 22, 2021, on the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms in developing countries worldwide. We meta-analysed the raw data of the individual empirical results from the previous meta-analysis papers in developing countries in different regions. Results The prevalence rates of mental health symptoms were summarized based on 341 empirical studies with a total of 1 704 072 participants from 40 out of 167 developing countries in Africa, Asia (East, Southeast, South, and West), Europe, and Latin America. Comparatively, Africa (39%) and West Asia (35%) had the worse overall mental health symptoms, followed by Latin America (32%). The prevalence rates of overall mental health symptoms of medical students (38%), general adult students (30%), and frontline health care workers (HCWs) (27%) were higher than those of general HCWs (25%) and general populations (23%). Among five mental health symptoms, distress (29%) and depression (27%) were the most prevalent. Interestingly, people in the least developing countries suffered less than those in emergent and other developing countries. The various instruments employed lead to result heterogeneity, demonstrating the importance of using the well-established instruments with the standard cut-off points (eg, GAD-7, GAD-2, and DASS-21 for anxiety, PHQ-9 and DASS-21 for depression, and ISI for insomnia). Conclusions The research effort on mental health in developing countries during COVID-19 has been highly uneven in the scope of countries and mental health outcomes. This meta-analysis, the largest on this topic to date, shows that the mental health symptoms are highly prevalent yet differ across regions. The accumulated systematic evidence from this study can help enable the prioritization of mental health assistance efforts to allocate attention and resources across countries and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Chen
- College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Stephen X Zhang
- Adelaide Business School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Allen Yin
- School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jaime A Yáñez
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru.,Gerencia Corporativa de Asuntos Científicos y Regulatorios, Teoma Global, Lima, Peru
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27
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Increased Risk Perception, Distress Intolerance and Health Anxiety in Stricter Lockdowns: Self-Control as a Key Protective Factor in Early Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095098. [PMID: 35564492 PMCID: PMC9100473 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies provide evidence that distress, (health) anxiety, and depressive symptoms were high during the first weeks of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, decreasing over time (possibly due to individuals’ protective psychological factors). Relations between different lockdown restrictions, mental health issues, and protective factors need to be explored, since even small lockdown effects might increase the risk of future mental health issues. We merged objective lockdown stringency data with individual data (N = 1001) to examine differences in lockdown effects in strict lockdown (Romania) and mild lockdown (Hungary) conditions between March and May 2020 on stressors and mental health symptoms, taking protective factors into account. The stricter lockdown in Romania revealed higher levels of perceived risk of infection, distress intolerance, and COVID-19 health anxiety. Protective psychological factors were not affected by the lockdown measures. Surpassing psychological flexibility and resilient coping, self-control proved to be the most promising protective factor. It is recommended that future research merge objective data with study data to investigate the effects of different COVID-19 lockdown measures on mental health and protective factors. Policy decisions should consider lockdown-dependent consequences of mental health issues. Intervention programs are suggested to mitigate mental health issues and to strengthen peoples’ protective psychological factors.
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28
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Pavlova I, Graf-Vlachy L, Petrytsa P, Wang S, Zhang SX. Early evidence on the mental health of Ukrainian civilian and professional combatants during the Russian invasion. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e79. [DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine has led many Ukrainians to fight for their country, either in the regular army or as civilian members of voluntary territorial defense forces. There is, however, a dearth of knowledge on the mental health of combatants in this conflict. Prior research on the mental health of combatants is unlikely to translate to the situation at hand because such research is focused on combatants fighting abroad and neglects civilian combatants.
Methods
This study provides the first attempt to investigate the mental health of Ukrainian combatants in the regular army and voluntary territorial defense forces by analyzing the prevalence rates of common mental health issues, as well as their demographic and socioeconomic predictors.
Results
Between March 19 and 31, 2022, the initial period of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, a sample of 178 Ukrainian combatants (104 in the regular army and 74 civilian combatants) participated in a survey on symptoms of anxiety (GAD-2), depression (PHQ-2), and insomnia (ISI).
Conclusions
A sizable portion of Ukrainian combatants reached cut-off levels for clinical symptoms of anxiety (44·4%), depression (43·3%), and insomnia (12·4%). Importantly, the mental health of Ukrainian combatants varied between professional soldiers and civilian combatants, as well as by gender, marital status, by whether or not they were located in Russian-occupied/active-combat areas, and dependent on whether they were personally involved in combat. This study provides early evidence on the mental health of Ukrainian combatants, pointing to their urgent need for mental health assistance in the ongoing war.
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29
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Bürgin D, Anagnostopoulos D, Vitiello B, Sukale T, Schmid M, Fegert JM. Impact of war and forced displacement on children's mental health-multilevel, needs-oriented, and trauma-informed approaches. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:845-853. [PMID: 35286450 PMCID: PMC9209349 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The infliction of war and military aggression upon children must be considered a violation of their basic human rights and can have a persistent impact on their physical and mental health and well-being, with long-term consequences for their development. Given the recent events in Ukraine with millions on the flight, this scoping policy editorial aims to help guide mental health support for young victims of war through an overview of the direct and indirect burden of war on child mental health. We highlight multilevel, need-oriented, and trauma-informed approaches to regaining and sustaining outer and inner security after exposure to the trauma of war. The impact of war on children is tremendous and pervasive, with multiple implications, including immediate stress-responses, increased risk for specific mental disorders, distress from forced separation from parents, and fear for personal and family's safety. Thus, the experiences that children have to endure during and as consequence of war are in harsh contrast to their developmental needs and their right to grow up in a physically and emotionally safe and predictable environment. Mental health and psychosocial interventions for war-affected children should be multileveled, specifically targeted towards the child's needs, trauma-informed, and strength- and resilience-oriented. Immediate supportive interventions should focus on providing basic physical and emotional resources and care to children to help them regain both external safety and inner security. Screening and assessment of the child's mental health burden and resources are indicated to inform targeted interventions. A growing body of research demonstrates the efficacy and effectiveness of evidence-based interventions, from lower-threshold and short-term group-based interventions to individualized evidence-based psychotherapy. Obviously, supporting children also entails enabling and supporting parents in the care for their children, as well as providing post-migration infrastructures and social environments that foster mental health. Health systems in Europe should undertake a concerted effort to meet the increased mental health needs of refugee children directly exposed and traumatized by the recent war in Ukraine as well as to those indirectly affected by these events. The current crisis necessitates political action and collective engagement, together with guidelines by mental health professionals on how to reduce harm in children either directly or indirectly exposed to war and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bürgin
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstrasse 5, 89073 Ulm, Germany ,grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Benedetto Vitiello
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Regina Margherita Pediatric Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Thorsten Sukale
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstrasse 5, 89073 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc Schmid
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Research Department, Psychiatric University Hospitals, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstrasse 5, 89073 Ulm, Germany
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30
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Malandain L, Fountoulakis KN, Syunyakov T, Malashonkova E, Smirnova D, Thibaut F. Psychoactive substance use, internet use and mental health changes during the COVID-19 lockdown in a French population: A study of gender effect. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:958988. [PMID: 36072458 PMCID: PMC9441492 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.958988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 has enormous impacts on each individual. The goals of our study were (1) to assess the rate of internet and psychoactive substance use, clinical depression and anxiety in a French population during the lockdown (2) to study the role of clinical and socio-demographic variables (especially, gender). MATERIALS AND METHODS During lockdown, an online anonymous questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic and health data, previous psychiatric history, anterior and current internet and psychoactive substance use, current anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation. The associations of socio-demographic, clinical variables with anxiety, depression, internet or psychoactive substance use were examined. RESULTS The study included 263 participants (aged 38.1 ± 15.3-197 males and 64 females). During the lockdown, internet use increased in 14.4% of cases, alcohol use in 20.2%, and tobacco use in 6.8%. In contrast, more participants reported a decrease in alcohol, tobacco or illicit drug use (25.9, 24, and 27.8% respectively). Anxiety was reported in 62.4% and depression in 20.2% of cases; 29.7% of participants reported an increase in anxiety and 25.5% an increase in depression. Depression was associated with an increase in internet and tobacco use. Tobacco and alcohol use were positively associated and an increase in use was more frequent in previous users of both substances. Maintaining a daily routine and relationships with family, being self-employed were associated to lower risks of depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION Higher rates of internet use, as well as depression and anxiety, were observed during the lockdown. Gender was not a significant associated factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Malandain
- Department of Psychiatry-Addictology, University Hospital Cochin (Hospital Tarnier, AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Konstantinos N Fountoulakis
- Third Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Timur Syunyakov
- Education Center, Mental-health Clinic, N.A. Alexeev of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia.,Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia.,International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | | | - Daria Smirnova
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia.,Department of Psychiatry, Narcology, Psychotherapy and Clinical Psychology, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia.,Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Florence Thibaut
- Department of Psychiatry-Addictology, University Hospital Cochin (Hospital Tarnier, AP-HP), Paris, France.,INSERM U1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
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