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Almestica-Roberts M, Nguyen ND, Sun L, Serna SN, Rapp E, Burrell-Gerbers KL, Memon TA, Stone BL, Nkoy FL, Lamb JG, Deering-Rice CE, Rower JE, Reilly CA. The Cytochrome P450 2C8*3 Variant (rs11572080) Is Associated with Improved Asthma Symptom Control in Children and Altered Lipid Mediator Production and Inflammatory Response in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:836-846. [PMID: 38772712 PMCID: PMC11257687 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.124.001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated an association between the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8*3 polymorphism with asthma symptom control in children and changes in lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory signaling by human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) treated with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). CYP genes are inherently variable in sequence, and while such variations are known to produce clinically relevant effects on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, the effects on endogenous substrate metabolism and associated physiologic processes are less understood. In this study, CYP2C8*3 was associated with improved asthma symptom control among children: Mean asthma control scores were 3.68 (n = 207) for patients with one or more copies of the CYP2C8*3 allele versus 4.42 (n = 965) for CYP2C8*1/*1 (P = 0.0133). In vitro, CYP2C8*3 was associated with an increase in montelukast 36-hydroxylation and a decrease in linoleic acid metabolism despite lower mRNA and protein expression. Additionally, CYP2C8*3 was associated with reduced mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL-8) by HBECs in response to CSC, which was replicated using the soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, 12-[[(tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-ylamino)carbonyl]amino]-dodecanoic acid. Interestingly, 9(10)- and 12(13)- dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid, the hydrolyzed metabolites of 9(10)- and 12(13)- epoxyoctadecenoic acid, increased the expression of IL-6 and CXCL-8 mRNA by HBECs. This study reveals previously undocumented effects of the CYP2C8*3 variant on the response of HBECs to exogenous stimuli. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: These findings suggest a role for CYP2C8 in regulating the epoxyoctadecenoic acid:dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid ratio leading to a change in cellular inflammatory responses elicited by environmental stimuli that exacerbate asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marysol Almestica-Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology (M.A.-R., N.D.N., L.S., S.N.S., E.R., K.L.B.-G., T.A.M., J.G.L., C.E.D.-R., J.E.R., C.A.R.) and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine (B.L.S., F.L.N.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nam D Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology (M.A.-R., N.D.N., L.S., S.N.S., E.R., K.L.B.-G., T.A.M., J.G.L., C.E.D.-R., J.E.R., C.A.R.) and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine (B.L.S., F.L.N.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology (M.A.-R., N.D.N., L.S., S.N.S., E.R., K.L.B.-G., T.A.M., J.G.L., C.E.D.-R., J.E.R., C.A.R.) and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine (B.L.S., F.L.N.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Samantha N Serna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology (M.A.-R., N.D.N., L.S., S.N.S., E.R., K.L.B.-G., T.A.M., J.G.L., C.E.D.-R., J.E.R., C.A.R.) and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine (B.L.S., F.L.N.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Emmanuel Rapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology (M.A.-R., N.D.N., L.S., S.N.S., E.R., K.L.B.-G., T.A.M., J.G.L., C.E.D.-R., J.E.R., C.A.R.) and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine (B.L.S., F.L.N.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Katherine L Burrell-Gerbers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology (M.A.-R., N.D.N., L.S., S.N.S., E.R., K.L.B.-G., T.A.M., J.G.L., C.E.D.-R., J.E.R., C.A.R.) and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine (B.L.S., F.L.N.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tosifa A Memon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology (M.A.-R., N.D.N., L.S., S.N.S., E.R., K.L.B.-G., T.A.M., J.G.L., C.E.D.-R., J.E.R., C.A.R.) and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine (B.L.S., F.L.N.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Bryan L Stone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology (M.A.-R., N.D.N., L.S., S.N.S., E.R., K.L.B.-G., T.A.M., J.G.L., C.E.D.-R., J.E.R., C.A.R.) and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine (B.L.S., F.L.N.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Flory L Nkoy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology (M.A.-R., N.D.N., L.S., S.N.S., E.R., K.L.B.-G., T.A.M., J.G.L., C.E.D.-R., J.E.R., C.A.R.) and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine (B.L.S., F.L.N.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John G Lamb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology (M.A.-R., N.D.N., L.S., S.N.S., E.R., K.L.B.-G., T.A.M., J.G.L., C.E.D.-R., J.E.R., C.A.R.) and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine (B.L.S., F.L.N.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Cassandra E Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology (M.A.-R., N.D.N., L.S., S.N.S., E.R., K.L.B.-G., T.A.M., J.G.L., C.E.D.-R., J.E.R., C.A.R.) and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine (B.L.S., F.L.N.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Joseph E Rower
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology (M.A.-R., N.D.N., L.S., S.N.S., E.R., K.L.B.-G., T.A.M., J.G.L., C.E.D.-R., J.E.R., C.A.R.) and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine (B.L.S., F.L.N.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology (M.A.-R., N.D.N., L.S., S.N.S., E.R., K.L.B.-G., T.A.M., J.G.L., C.E.D.-R., J.E.R., C.A.R.) and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine (B.L.S., F.L.N.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Liu Z, Anderson JD, Rose NR, Baker EH, Dowell AE, Ryan KJ, Acosta EP, Guimbellot JS. Differential distribution of ivacaftor and its metabolites in plasma and human airway epithelia. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2024:102314. [PMID: 38964603 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2024.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Ivacaftor is the first clinically approved monotherapy potentiator to treat CFTR channel dysfunction in people with cystic fibrosis. Ivacaftor (Iva) is a critical component for all current modulator therapies, including highly effective modulator therapies. Clinical studies show that CF patients on ivacaftor-containing therapies present various clinical responses, off-target effects, and adverse reactions, which could be related to metabolites of the compound. In this study, we reported the concentrations of Iva and two of its major metabolites (M1-Iva and M6-Iva) in capillary plasma and estimated M1-Iva and M6-Iva metabolic activity via the metabolite parent ratio in capillary plasma over 12 hours. We also used the ratio of capillary plasma versus human nasal epithelial cell concentrations to evaluate entry into epithelial cells in vivo. M6-Iva was rarely detected by LC-MS/MS in epithelial cells from participants taking ivacaftor, although it was detected in plasma. To further explore this discrepancy, we performed in vitro studies, which showed that M1-Iva, but not M6-Iva, readily crossed 16HBE cell membranes. Our studies also suggest that metabolism of these compounds is unlikely to occur in airway epithelia despite evidence of expression of metabolism enzymes. Overall, our data provide evidence that there are differences between capillary and cellular concentrations of these compounds that may inform future studies of clinical response and off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Justin D Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Natalie R Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Elizabeth H Baker
- Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Alexander E Dowell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Kevin J Ryan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Edward P Acosta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jennifer S Guimbellot
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.
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Grytting VS, Skuland T, Ballangby J, Refsnes M, Låg M, Øvrevik J, Mariussen E. The effects of fine particulate matter (SRM 2786) on three different 3D lung models exposed at the air-liquid interface - A comparative study. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105841. [PMID: 38729454 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
3D cell culture models exposed at the air-liquid interface (ALI) represent a potential alternative to animal experiments for hazard and risk assessment of inhaled compounds. This study compares cocultures composed of either Calu-3, A549 or HBEC3-KT lung epithelial cells, cultured together with THP-1-derived macrophages and EA.hy926 endothelial cells, in terms of barrier capacity and responses to a standard reference sample of fine particulate matter (SRM 2786). High-content imaging analysis revealed a similar cellular composition between the different cell models. The 3D cell cultures with Calu-3 cells showed the greatest barrier capacity, as measured by transepithelial electrical resistance and permeability to Na-fluorescein. Mucus production was detected in 3D cell cultures based on Calu-3 and A549 cells. Exposure to SRM 2786 at ALI increased cytokine release and expression of genes associated with inflammation and xenobiotic metabolism. Moreover, the presence of THP-1-derived macrophages was central to the cytokine responses in all cell models. While the different 3D cell culture models produced qualitatively similar responses, more pronounced pro-inflammatory responses were observed in the basolateral compartment of the A549 and HBEC3-KT models compared to the Calu-3 model, likely due to their reduced barrier capacity and lower retention of secreted mediators in the apical compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Sæter Grytting
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway.
| | - Tonje Skuland
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Jarle Ballangby
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Mariussen
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway.
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Seo J, Gaddis NC, Patchen BK, Xu J, Barr RG, O'Connor G, Manichaikul AW, Gharib SA, Dupuis J, North KE, Cassano PA, Hancock DB. Exploiting meta-analysis of genome-wide interaction with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D to identify novel genetic loci associated with pulmonary function. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1227-1237. [PMID: 38484975 PMCID: PMC11130669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in serum has a positive association with pulmonary function. Investigating genome-wide interactions with 25(OH)D may reveal new biological insights into pulmonary function. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify novel genetic variants associated with pulmonary function by accounting for 25(OH)D interactions. METHODS We included 211,264 participants from the observational United Kingdom Biobank study with pulmonary function tests (PFTs), genome-wide genotypes, and 25(OH)D concentrations from 4 ancestral backgrounds-European, African, East Asian, and South Asian. Among PFTs, we focused on forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) because both were previously associated with 25(OH)D. We performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses that accounted for variant×25(OH)D interaction using the joint 2 degree-of-freedom (2df) method, stratified by participants' smoking history and ancestry, and meta-analyzed results. We evaluated interaction effects to determine how variant-PFT associations were modified by 25(OH)D concentrations and conducted pathway enrichment analysis to examine the biological relevance of our findings. RESULTS Our GWAS meta-analyses, accounting for interaction with 25(OH)D, revealed 30 genetic variants significantly associated with FEV1 or FVC (P2df <5.00×10-8) that were not previously reported for PFT-related traits. These novel variant signals were enriched in lung function-relevant pathways, including the p38 MAPK pathway. Among variants with genome-wide-significant 2df results, smoking-stratified meta-analyses identified 5 variants with 25(OH)D interactions that influenced FEV1 in both smoking groups (never smokers P1df interaction<2.65×10-4; ever smokers P1df interaction<1.71×10-5); rs3130553, rs2894186, rs79277477, and rs3130929 associations were only evident in never smokers, and the rs4678408 association was only found in ever smokers. CONCLUSION Genetic variant associations with lung function can be modified by 25(OH)D, and smoking history can further modify variant×25(OH)D interactions. These results expand the known genetic architecture of pulmonary function and add evidence that gene-environment interactions, including with 25(OH)D and smoking, influence lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungkyun Seo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nathan C Gaddis
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Bonnie K Patchen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jiayi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - R Graham Barr
- Divisions of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - George O'Connor
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ani W Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Patricia A Cassano
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, United States
| | - Dana B Hancock
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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Kozubek A, Katarzyńska-Banasik D, Kowalik K, Grzegorzewska AK, Hrabia A, Sechman A. Nitrophenols disrupt the expression and activity of biotransformation enzymes (CYP3A and COMT) in chicken ovarian follicles in vivo and in vitro. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:756-769. [PMID: 38238931 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Nitrophenols are environmental pollutants and xenobiotics, the main sources of which are diesel exhaust fumes and pesticides. The biotransformation processes that take place in the liver are defence mechanisms against xenobiotics, such as nitrophenols. Our previous study showed that the chicken ovary is an additional xenobiotic detoxification place and that nitrophenols disrupt steroidogenesis in chicken ovarian follicles. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the in vivo and in vitro effects of 4-nitrophenol (PNP) and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (PNMC) on the expression and activity of phase I (CYP3A) and phase II (COMT) biotransformation enzymes in chicken ovary. In an in vivo study, hens were treated with a vehicle or 10 mg PNP or PNMC/kg b.wt. per day for 6 days. In an in vitro study, prehierarchical white and yellowish follicles, as well as the granulosa and theca layers of the three largest preovulatory follicles (F3, F2 and F1), were isolated and then incubated in a control medium or medium supplemented with PNP (10-6 M) or PNMC (10-6 M) for 24 or 48 h. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that nitrophenols exert tissue- and compound-dependent (PNP or PNMC) effects on CYP3A and COMT gene (real-time PCR) protein (Western blot) expression and their activity (colorimetric methods). The inhibitory effect of nitrophenols in vivo on the activity of biotransformation enzymes suggest that the ovary has the capacity to metabolise PNP and PNMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozubek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
| | - Dorota Katarzyńska-Banasik
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
| | - Kinga Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
| | - Agnieszka K Grzegorzewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
| | - Anna Hrabia
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sechman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Krakow, 30-059, Poland
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Wang B, Wang L, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Qinglai T, Yang X, Xiao Z, Lei L, Li S. Pulmonary inhalation for disease treatment: Basic research and clinical translations. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100966. [PMID: 38318475 PMCID: PMC10840005 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary drug delivery has the advantages of being rapid, efficient, and well-targeted, with few systemic side effects. In addition, it is non-invasive and has good patient compliance, making it a highly promising drug delivery mode. However, there have been limited studies on drug delivery via pulmonary inhalation compared with oral and intravenous modes. This paper summarizes the basic research and clinical translation of pulmonary inhalation drug delivery for the treatment of diseases and provides insights into the latest advances in pulmonary drug delivery. The paper discusses the processing methods for pulmonary drug delivery, drug carriers (with a focus on various types of nanoparticles), delivery devices, and applications in pulmonary diseases and treatment of systemic diseases (e.g., COVID-19, inhaled vaccines, diagnosis of the diseases, and diabetes mellitus) with an updated summary of recent research advances. Furthermore, this paper describes the applications and recent progress in pulmonary drug delivery for lung diseases and expands the use of pulmonary drugs for other systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, 256610, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Tang Qinglai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Zian Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
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Engels SM, Kamat P, Pafilis GS, Li Y, Agrawal A, Haller DJ, Phillip JM, Contreras LM. Particulate matter composition drives differential molecular and morphological responses in lung epithelial cells. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgad415. [PMID: 38156290 PMCID: PMC10754159 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a ubiquitous component of air pollution that is epidemiologically linked to human pulmonary diseases. PM chemical composition varies widely, and the development of high-throughput experimental techniques enables direct profiling of cellular effects using compositionally unique PM mixtures. Here, we show that in a human bronchial epithelial cell model, exposure to three chemically distinct PM mixtures drive unique cell viability patterns, transcriptional remodeling, and the emergence of distinct morphological subtypes. Specifically, PM mixtures modulate cell viability, DNA damage responses, and induce the remodeling of gene expression associated with cell morphology, extracellular matrix organization, and cellular motility. Profiling cellular responses showed that cell morphologies change in a PM composition-dependent manner. Finally, we observed that PM mixtures with higher cadmium content induced increased DNA damage and drove redistribution among morphological subtypes. Our results demonstrate that quantitative measurement of individual cellular morphologies provides a robust, high-throughput approach to gauge the effects of environmental stressors on biological systems and score cellular susceptibilities to pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Engels
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Pratik Kamat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - G Stavros Pafilis
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Yukang Li
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Anshika Agrawal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Daniel J Haller
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Jude M Phillip
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Lydia M Contreras
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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8
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Otelea MR, Oancea C, Reisz D, Vaida MA, Maftei A, Popescu FG. Club Cells-A Guardian against Occupational Hazards. Biomedicines 2023; 12:78. [PMID: 38255185 PMCID: PMC10813369 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Club cells have a distinct role in the epithelial repair and defense mechanisms of the lung. After exposure to environmental pollutants, during chronic exposure, the secretion of club cells secretory protein (CCSP) decreases. Exposure to occupational hazards certainly has a role in a large number of interstitial lung diseases. According to the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society, around 40% of the all interstitial lung disease is attributed to occupational hazards. Some of them are very well characterized (pneumoconiosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis), whereas others are consequences of acute exposure (e.g., paraquat) or persistent exposure (e.g., isocyanate). The category of vapors, gases, dusts, and fumes (VGDF) has been proven to produce subclinical modifications. The inflammation and altered repair process resulting from the exposure to occupational respiratory hazards create vicious loops of cooperation between epithelial cells, mesenchymal cells, innate defense mechanisms, and immune cells. The secretions of club cells modulate the communication between macrophages, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts mitigating the inflammation and/or reducing the fibrotic process. In this review, we describe the mechanisms by which club cells contribute to the development of interstitial lung diseases and the potential role for club cells as biomarkers for occupational-related fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ruxandra Otelea
- Clinical Department 5, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Corina Oancea
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Reisz
- Department of Neurology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Monica Adriana Vaida
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
| | - Andreea Maftei
- Doctoral School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florina Georgeta Popescu
- Department of Occupational Health, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
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9
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Wright CJ, McCulley DJ, Mitra S, Jensen EA. Acetaminophen for the patent ductus arteriosus: has safety been adequately demonstrated? J Perinatol 2023; 43:1230-1237. [PMID: 37169914 PMCID: PMC10626600 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the most common cardiovascular condition diagnosed in premature infants. Acetaminophen was first proposed as a potential treatment for PDA in 2011. Since that time acetaminophen use among extremely preterm neonates has increased substantially. The limited available data demonstrate that acetaminophen reduces PDA without evident hepatotoxicity. These findings have led some to suggest that acetaminophen is a safe and effective therapy for PDA closure. However, the lack of apparent hepatoxicity is predictable. Acetaminophen induced cellular injury is due to CYP2E1 derived metabolites; and hepatocyte CYP2E1 expression is low in the fetal and neonatal period. Here, we review preclinical and clinical data that support the hypothesis that the lung, which expresses high levels of CYP2E1 during fetal and early postnatal development, may be particularly susceptible to acetaminophen induced toxicity. Despite these emerging data, the true potential pulmonary risks and benefits of acetaminophen for PDA closure are largely unknown. The available clinical studies in are marked by significant weakness including low sample sizes and minimal evaluation of extremely preterm infants who are typically at highest risk of pulmonary morbidity. We propose that studies interrogating mechanisms linking developmentally regulated, cell-specific CYP2E1 expression and acetaminophen-induced toxicity as well as robust assessment of pulmonary outcomes in large trials that evaluate the safety and efficacy of acetaminophen in extremely preterm infants are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clyde J Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - David J McCulley
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Souvik Mitra
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Erik A Jensen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Shakibay Senobari Z, Masoumian Hosseini M, Teimouri MB, Rezayan AH, Samarghandian S, Hekmat A. Chromone-embedded peptidomimetics and furopyrimidines as highly potent SARS-CoV-2 infection inhibitors: docking and MD simulation study. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:224. [PMID: 37735703 PMCID: PMC10515067 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. Pharmaceutical companies aim to control virus spread through effective drugs. This study investigates chromone compound derivatives' ability to inhibit viral entry and prevent replication. METHOD This study investigated the inhibitory effect of chromone-embedded peptidomimetics and furopyrimidines on 7BZ5 from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV-2, Homo sapiens, and 6LU7 from Bat SARS-like CoV using molecular docking. The crystal structure of these proteins was obtained from the Protein Data Bank, and the inhibition site was determined using ligand binding interaction options. The 3D structure was protonated and energetically minimised using MOE software. Chromone derivatives were designed in three dimensions, and their energy was minimised using MOE 2019. The molecular drug-likeness was calculated using SwissADME, Lipinski and Benigni-Bossa's rule, and toxicity was calculated using Toxtree v3.1.0 software. Compounds with pharmacological properties were selected for molecular docking, and interactions were assessed using MOE 2019. MD simulations of Mpro-ch-p complexes were performed to evaluate root mean square fluctuations (RMSF) and measure protein stability. RESULT The pharmacokinetic tests revealed that chromone derivatives of the peptidomimetic family have acceptable pharmacokinetic activity in the human body. Some compounds, such as Ch-p1, Ch-p2, Ch-p6, Ch-p7, Ch-p12, and Ch-p13, have pronounced medicinal properties. Molecular docking revealed high affinity for binding to SARS-CoV-2 protease. Ch-p7 had the highest binding energy, likely due to its inhibitory property. A 10 ns molecular dynamics study confirmed the stability of the protein-ligand complex, resulting in minimal fluctuations in the system's backbone. The MM-GBSA analysis revealed free energies of binding of - 19.54 kcal/mol. CONCLUSIONS The study investigated the inhibition of viral replication using chromone derivatives, finding high inhibitory effects in the peptidomimetic family compared to other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Masoumian Hosseini
- Department of Biochemistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of E-Learning in Medical Science, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Ali Hossein Rezayan
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hekmat
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Deshpande K, Lange KR, Stone WB, Yohn C, Schlesinger N, Kagan L, Auguste AJ, Firestein BL, Brunetti L. The influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in a hACE2 murine model. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01071. [PMID: 37133236 PMCID: PMC10155506 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the resulting Coronavirus disease 2019 emerged in late 2019 and is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. A hallmark of severe COVID-19 is exaggerated systemic inflammation, regarded as a "cytokine storm," which contributes to the damage of various organs, primarily the lungs. The inflammation associated with some viral illnesses is known to alter the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. These alterations can lead to modifications in drug exposure and the processing of various endogenous compounds. Here, we provide evidence to support changes in the mitochondrial ribonucleic acid expression of a subset of drug transporters (84 transporters) in the liver, kidneys, and lungs and metabolizing enzymes (84 enzymes) in the liver in a humanized angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor mouse model. Specifically, three drug transporters (Abca3, Slc7a8, Tap1) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 were upregulated in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice. We also found significant downregulation of drug transporters responsible for the movement of xenobiotics in the liver and kidney. Additionally, expression of cytochrome P-450 2f2 which is known to metabolize some pulmonary toxicants, was significantly decreased in the liver of infected mice. The significance of these findings requires further exploration. Our results suggest that further research should emphasize altered drug disposition when investigating therapeutic compounds, whether re-purposed or new chemical entities, in other animal models and ultimately in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the influence and impact of these changes on the processing of endogenous compounds also require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Deshpande
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Translational Research and Education, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Keith R. Lange
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - William B. Stone
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fralin Life Science InstituteVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityVirginiaUSA
| | - Christine Yohn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Translational Research and Education, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Naomi Schlesinger
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Leonid Kagan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Translational Research and Education, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Albert J. Auguste
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Fralin Life Science InstituteVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityVirginiaUSA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod‐borne PathogensVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Bonnie L. Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Translational Research and Education, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
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12
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Tu B, Gao Y, An X, Wang H, Huang Y. Localized delivery of nanomedicine and antibodies for combating COVID-19. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1828-1846. [PMID: 36168329 PMCID: PMC9502448 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been a major health burden in the world. So far, many strategies have been investigated to control the spread of COVID-19, including social distancing, disinfection protocols, vaccines, and antiviral treatments. Despite the significant achievement, due to the constantly emerging new variants, COVID-19 is still a great challenge to the global healthcare system. It is an urgent demand for the development of new therapeutics and technologies for containing the wild spread of SARS-CoV-2. Inhaled administration is useful for the treatment of lung and respiratory diseases, and enables the drugs to reach the site of action directly with benefits of decreased dose, improved safety, and enhanced patient compliance. Nanotechnology has been extensively applied in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. In this review, the inhaled nanomedicines and antibodies, as well as intranasal nanodrugs, for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanrong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinran An
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, SIMM, CAS, Zhongshan 528437, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Shanghai 201203, China
- Taizhou University, School of Advanced Study, Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Product, Taizhou 318000, China
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13
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Yeligar SM, Harris FL, Brown LAS, Hart CM. Pharmacological reversal of post-transcriptional alterations implicated in alcohol-induced alveolar macrophage dysfunction. Alcohol 2023; 106:30-43. [PMID: 36328183 PMCID: PMC10080543 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUD) cause alveolar macrophage (AM) immune dysfunction and increase risk of lung infections. Excessive alcohol use causes AM oxidative stress, which impairs AM phagocytosis and pathogen clearance from the alveolar space. Alcohol induces expression of NADPH oxidases (Noxes), primary sources of oxidative stress in AM. In contrast, alcohol decreases AM peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a critical regulator of AM immune function. To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms for these effects of alcohol, we hypothesized that ethanol promotes CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ)-mediated suppression of Nox-related microRNAs (miRs), in turn enhancing AM Nox expression, oxidative stress, and phagocytic dysfunction. We also hypothesized that PPARγ activation with pioglitazone (PIO) would reverse alcohol-induced C/EBPβ expression and attenuate AM oxidative stress and phagocytic dysfunction. Cells from the mouse AM cell line (MH-S) were exposed to ethanol in vitro or primary AM were isolated from mice fed ethanol in vivo. Ethanol enhanced C/EBPβ expression, decreased Nox 1-related miR-1264 and Nox 2-related miR-107 levels, and increased Nox1, Nox2, and Nox 4 expression in MH-S cells in vitro and mouse AM in vivo. These alcohol-induced AM derangements were abrogated by loss of C/EBPβ, overexpression of miRs-1264 or -107, or PIO treatment. These findings identify C/EBPβ and Nox-related miRs as novel therapeutic targets for PPARγ ligands, which could provide a translatable strategy to mitigate susceptibility to lung infections in people with a history of AUD. These studies further clarify the molecular underpinnings for a previous clinical trial using short-term PIO treatment to improve AM immunity in AUD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Yeligar
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States.
| | - Frank L Harris
- Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Emory + Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Developmental Lung Biology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Lou Ann S Brown
- Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Emory + Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Developmental Lung Biology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - C Michael Hart
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, United States
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14
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Spotlight on CYP4B1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032038. [PMID: 36768362 PMCID: PMC9916508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP4B1 can bioactivate a wide range of xenobiotics, such as its defining/hallmark substrate 4-ipomeanol leading to tissue-specific toxicities. Similar to other members of the CYP4 family, CYP4B1 has the ability to hydroxylate fatty acids and fatty alcohols. Structural insights into the enigmatic role of CYP4B1 with functions in both, xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism, as well as its unusual heme-binding characteristics are now possible by the recently solved crystal structures of native rabbit CYP4B1 and the p.E310A variant. Importantly, CYP4B1 does not play a major role in hepatic P450-catalyzed phase I drug metabolism due to its predominant extra-hepatic expression, mainly in the lung. In addition, no catalytic activity of human CYP4B1 has been observed owing to a unique substitution of an evolutionary strongly conserved proline 427 to serine. Nevertheless, association of CYP4B1 expression patterns with various cancers and potential roles in cancer development have been reported for the human enzyme. This review will summarize the current status of CYP4B1 research with a spotlight on its roles in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds, structural properties, and cancer association, as well as its potential application in suicide gene approaches for targeted cancer therapy.
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15
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SNPs Sets in Codifying Genes for Xenobiotics-Processing Enzymes Are Associated with COPD Secondary to Biomass-Burning Smoke. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:799-819. [PMID: 36825998 PMCID: PMC9954820 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide; the main risk factors associated with the suffering are tobacco smoking (TS) and chronic exposure to biomass-burning smoke (BBS). Different biological pathways have been associated with COPD, especially xenobiotic or drug metabolism enzymes. This research aims to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) profiles associated with COPD from two expositional sources: tobacco smoking and BBS. One thousand-five hundred Mexican mestizo subjects were included in the study and divided into those exposed to biomass-burning smoke and smokers. Genome-wide exome genotyping was carried out using Infinium Exome-24 kit arrays v. 1.2. Data quality control was conducted using PLINK 1.07. For clinical and demographic data analysis, Rstudio was used. Eight SNPs were found associated with COPD secondary to TS and seven SNPs were conserved when data were analyzed by genotype. When haplotype analyses were carried out, five blocks were predicted. In COPD secondary to BBS, 24 SNPs in MGST3 and CYP family genes were associated. Seven blocks of haplotypes were associated with COPD-BBS. SNPs in the ARNT2 and CYP46A1 genes are associated with COPD secondary to TS, while in the BBS comparison, SNPs in CYP2C8, CYP2C9, MGST3, and MGST1 genes were associated with increased COPD risk.
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16
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Kondža M, Mandić M, Ivančić I, Vladimir-Knežević S, Brizić I. Artemisia annua L. Extracts Irreversibly Inhibit the Activity of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 Enzymes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010232. [PMID: 36672740 PMCID: PMC9855681 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. has long been known for its medicinal properties and isolation of ingredients whose derivatives are used for therapeutic purposes. The CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 enzymes belong to a large family of cytochrome P450 enzymes. These enzymes are involved in the metabolism of drugs and other xeonobiotics. It is known that various compounds can induce or inhibit the activity of these enzymes. The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of the inhibitory effect of Artemisia annua extract on CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 enzymes, as well as the type of inhibition, the presence of reversible or pseudo-irreversible inhibition, and the possible heme destruction. The methanolic extract of Artemisia annua showed an inhibitory effect on CYP2B6 (by almost 90%) and CYP3A4 enzymes (by almost 70%). A significant decrease in heme concentration by 46.8% and 38.2% was observed in different assays. These results clearly indicate that the studied plant extracts significantly inhibited the activity of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 enzymes. Moreover, they showed irreversible inhibition, which is even more important for possible interactions with drugs and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kondža
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mostar, Matice Hrvatske bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +387-36-312-791
| | - Marta Mandić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mostar, Matice Hrvatske bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ivona Ivančić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mostar, Matice Hrvatske bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanda Vladimir-Knežević
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 20, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Brizić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mostar, Matice Hrvatske bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Kralja Tvrtka bb, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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17
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Ton TVT, Hong HHL, Kovi RC, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Janardhan KS, Flake G, Stout MD, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Chronic Inhalation Exposure to Antimony Trioxide Exacerbates the MAPK Signaling in Alveolar Bronchiolar Carcinomas in B6C3F1/N Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2023; 51:39-55. [PMID: 37009983 DOI: 10.1177/01926233231157322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Antimony trioxide (AT) is used as a flame retardant in fabrics and plastics. Occupational exposure in miners and smelters is mainly through inhalation and dermal contact. Chronic inhalation exposure to AT particulates in B6C3F1/N mice and Wistar Han rats resulted in increased incidences and tumor multiplicities of alveolar/bronchiolar carcinomas (ABCs). In this study, we demonstrated Kras (43%) and Egfr (46%) hotspot mutations in mouse lung tumors (n = 80) and only Egfr (50%) mutations in rat lung tumors (n = 26). Interestingly, there were no differences in the incidences of these mutations in ABCs from rats and mice at exposure concentrations that did and did not exceed the pulmonary overload threshold. There was increased expression of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (Erk1/2) protein in ABCs harboring mutations in Kras and/or Egfr, confirming the activation of MAPK signaling. Transcriptomic analysis indicated significant alterations in MAPK signaling such as ephrin receptor signaling and signaling by Rho-family GTPases in AT-exposed ABCs. In addition, there was significant overlap between transcriptomic data from mouse ABCs due to AT exposure and human pulmonary adenocarcinoma data. Collectively, these data suggest chronic AT exposure exacerbates MAPK signaling in ABCs and, thus, may be translationally relevant to human lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai-Vu T Ton
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hue-Hua L Hong
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ramesh C Kovi
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin E Gerrish
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyathanahalli S Janardhan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gordon Flake
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mathew D Stout
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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18
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Nwabufo CK, Hoque MT, Yip L, Khara M, Mubareka S, Pollanen MS, Bendayan R. SARS-CoV-2 infection dysregulates the expression of clinically relevant drug metabolizing enzymes in Vero E6 cells and membrane transporters in human lung tissues. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1124693. [PMID: 37180730 PMCID: PMC10172598 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1124693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-mediated interactions with drug metabolizing enzymes and membrane transporters (DMETs) in different tissues, especially lung, the main affected organ may limit the clinical efficacy and safety profile of promising COVID-19 drugs. Herein, we investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection could dysregulate the expression of 25 clinically relevant DMETs in Vero E6 cells and postmortem lung tissues from COVID-19 patients. Also, we assessed the role of 2 inflammatory and 4 regulatory proteins in modulating the dysregulation of DMETs in human lung tissues. We showed for the first time that SARS-CoV-2 infection dysregulates CYP3A4 and UGT1A1 at the mRNA level, as well as P-gp and MRP1 at the protein level, in Vero E6 cells and postmortem human lung tissues, respectively. We observed that at the cellular level, DMETs could potentially be dysregulated by SARS-CoV-2-associated inflammatory response and lung injury. We uncovered the pulmonary cellular localization of CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6, as well as ENT1 and ENT2 in human lung tissues, and observed that the presence of inflammatory cells is the major driving force for the discrepancy in the localization of DMETs between COVID-19 and control human lung tissues. Because alveolar epithelial cells and lymphocytes are both sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection and localization of DMETs, we recommend further investigation of the pulmonary pharmacokinetic profile of current COVID-19 drug dosing regimen to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso K. Nwabufo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- OneDrug, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Chukwunonso K. Nwabufo, ,
| | - Md. Tozammel Hoque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lily Yip
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maliha Khara
- Ontario Forensic Pathology Service, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael S. Pollanen
- Ontario Forensic Pathology Service, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reina Bendayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Gerges SH, El-Kadi AOS. Sexual Dimorphism in the Expression of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Rat Heart, Liver, Kidney, Lung, Brain, and Small Intestine. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:81-94. [PMID: 36116791 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are monooxygenases that are expressed hepatically and extrahepatically and play an essential role in xenobiotic metabolism. Substantial scientific evidence indicates sex-specific differences between males and females in disease patterns and drug responses, which could be attributed, even partly, to differences in the expression and/or activity levels of P450 enzymes in different organs. In this study, we compared the mRNA and protein expression of P450 enzymes in different organs of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot techniques. We found significant sex- and organ-specific differences in several enzymes. Hepatic Cyp2c11, Cyp2c13, and Cyp4a2 showed male-specific expression, whereas Cyp2c12 showed female-specific expression. Cyp2e1 and Cyp4f enzymes demonstrated higher expression in the female heart and kidneys compared with males; however, they showed no significant sexual dimorphism in the liver. Male rats showed higher hepatic and renal Cyp1b1 levels. All assessed enzymes were found in the liver, but some were not expressed in other organs. At the protein expression level, CYP1A2, CYP3A, and CYP4A1 demonstrated higher expression levels in the females in several organs, including the liver. Elucidating sex-specific differences in P450 enzyme levels could help better understand differences in disease pathogeneses and drug responses between males and females and thus improve treatment strategies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study characterized the differences in the mRNA and protein expression levels of different cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes between male and female rats in the heart, liver, lung, kidney, brain, and small intestine. It demonstrated unique sex-specific differences in the different organs. This study is considered a big step towards elucidating sex-specific differences in P450 enzyme levels, which is largely important for achieving a better understanding of the differences between males and females in the disease's processes and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Gerges
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Sirocko KT, Angstmann H, Papenmeier S, Wagner C, Spohn M, Indenbirken D, Ehrhardt B, Kovacevic D, Hammer B, Svanes C, Rabe KF, Roeder T, Uliczka K, Krauss-Etschmann S. Early-life exposure to tobacco smoke alters airway signaling pathways and later mortality in D. melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119696. [PMID: 35780997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Early life environmental influences such as exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) can disturb molecular processes of lung development and thereby increase the risk for later development of chronic respiratory diseases. Among the latter, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the most common. The airway epithelium plays a key role in their disease pathophysiology but how CS exposure in early life influences airway developmental pathways and epithelial stress responses or survival is poorly understood. Using Drosophila melanogaster larvae as a model for early life, we demonstrate that CS enters the entire larval airway system, where it activates cyp18a1 which is homologues to human CYP1A1 to metabolize CS-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and further induces heat shock protein 70. RNASeq studies of isolated airways showed that CS dysregulates pathways involved in oxidative stress response, innate immune response, xenobiotic and glutathione metabolic processes as well as developmental processes (BMP, FGF signaling) in both sexes, while other pathways were exclusive to females or males. Glutathione S-transferase genes were further validated by qPCR showing upregulation of gstD4, gstD5 and gstD8 in respiratory tracts of females, while gstD8 was downregulated and gstD5 unchanged in males. ROS levels were increased in airways after CS. Exposure to CS further resulted in higher larval mortality, lower larval-pupal transition, and hatching rates in males only as compared to air-exposed controls. Taken together, early life CS induces airway epithelial stress responses and dysregulates pathways involved in the fly's branching morphogenesis as well as in mammalian lung development. CS further affected fitness and development in a highly sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina-Theresa Sirocko
- Division for Invertebrate Models, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie Papenmeier
- Division for Invertebrate Models, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Christina Wagner
- Division for Invertebrate Models, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany; Division of Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael Spohn
- Technology Platform Next Generation Sequencing, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Technology Platform Next Generation Sequencing, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Draginja Kovacevic
- DZL Laboratory - Experimental Microbiome Research, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany; Division of Early Origins of Chronic Lung Disease
| | - Barbara Hammer
- DZL Laboratory - Experimental Microbiome Research, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany; Division of Early Origins of Chronic Lung Disease
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- LungenClinic, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany; Department of Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Division of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Karin Uliczka
- Division of Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany; Division of Early Origins of Chronic Lung Disease
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Division of Early Origins of Chronic Lung Disease.
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21
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Kelty J, Kovalchuk N, Uwimana E, Yin L, Ding X, Van Winkle L. In vitro airway models from mice, rhesus macaques, and humans maintain species differences in xenobiotic metabolism and cellular responses to naphthalene. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L308-L328. [PMID: 35853015 PMCID: PMC9423729 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00349.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The translational value of high-throughput toxicity testing will depend on pharmacokinetic validation. Yet, popular in vitro airway epithelia models were optimized for structure and mucociliary function without considering the bioactivation or detoxification capabilities of lung-specific enzymes. This study evaluated xenobiotic metabolism maintenance within differentiated air-liquid interface (ALI) airway epithelial cell cultures (human bronchial; human, rhesus, and mouse tracheal), isolated airway epithelial cells (human, rhesus, and mouse tracheal; rhesus bronchial), and ex vivo microdissected airways (rhesus and mouse) by measuring gene expression, glutathione content, and naphthalene metabolism. Glutathione levels and detoxification gene transcripts were measured after 1-h exposure to 80 µM naphthalene (a bioactivated toxicant) or reactive naphthoquinone metabolites. Glutathione and glutathione-related enzyme transcript levels were maintained in ALI cultures from all species relative to source tissues, while cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene expression declined. Notable species differences among the models included a 40-fold lower total glutathione content for mouse ALI trachea cells relative to human and rhesus; a higher rate of naphthalene metabolism in mouse ALI cultures for naphthalene-glutathione formation (100-fold over rhesus) and naphthalene-dihydrodiol production (10-fold over human); and opposite effects of 1,2-naphthoquinone exposure in some models-glutathione was depleted in rhesus tissue but rose in mouse ALI samples. The responses of an immortalized bronchial cell line to naphthalene and naphthoquinones were inconsistent with those of human ALI cultures. These findings of preserved species differences and the altered balance of phase I and phase II xenobiotic metabolism among the characterized in vitro models should be considered for future pulmonary toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn Kelty
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Health and the Environment, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Nataliia Kovalchuk
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Eric Uwimana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Lei Yin
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Laura Van Winkle
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Health and the Environment, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
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22
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McCulley DJ, Jensen EA, Sucre JMS, McKenna S, Sherlock LG, Dobrinskikh E, Wright CJ. Racing against time: leveraging preclinical models to understand pulmonary susceptibility to perinatal acetaminophen exposures. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L1-L13. [PMID: 35503238 PMCID: PMC9208439 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00080.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, clinicians have increasingly prescribed acetaminophen (APAP) for patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Acetaminophen has been shown to reduce postoperative opiate burden, and may provide similar efficacy for closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Despite these potential benefits, APAP exposures have spread to increasingly less mature infants, a highly vulnerable population for whom robust pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for APAP are lacking. Concerningly, preclinical studies suggest that perinatal APAP exposures may result in unanticipated adverse effects that are unique to the developing lung. In this review, we discuss the clinical observations linking APAP exposures to adverse respiratory outcomes and the preclinical data demonstrating a developmental susceptibility to APAP-induced lung injury. We show how clinical observations linking perinatal APAP exposures to pulmonary injury have been taken to the bench to produce important insights into the potential mechanisms underlying these findings. We argue that the available data support a more cautious approach to APAP use in the NICU until large randomized controlled trials provide appropriate safety and efficacy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McCulley
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Erik A Jensen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Sarah McKenna
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura G Sherlock
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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23
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Kornbausch N, Debong MW, Buettner A, Heydel JM, Loos H. Odorant Metabolism in Humans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202866. [PMID: 35522818 PMCID: PMC9541901 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Odorants are relatively small molecules which are easily taken up and distributed in the human body. Despite their relevance in everyday life, however, only a limited amount of evidence about their metabolism, pathways, and bioactivities in the human body exists. With this Review, we aim to encourage future interdisciplinary research on the function and mechanisms of the biotransformation of odorants, involving different disciplines such as nutrition, medicine, biochemistry, chemistry, and sensory sciences. Starting with a general overview of the different ways of odorant uptake and enzymes involved in the metabolism of odorants, a more precise description of biotransformation processes and their function in the oral cavity, the nose, the lower respiratory tract (LRT), and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is given together with an overview of the different routes of odorant excretion. Finally, perspectives for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kornbausch
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry and Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Marcel W Debong
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry and Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry and Pharmacy, GERMANY
| | - Jean-Marie Heydel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation: Centre des Sciences du Gout et de l'Alimentation, Flavour perception: from molecule to behavior, FRANCE
| | - Helene Loos
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Henkestr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, GERMANY
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24
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Kornbausch N, Debong MW, Buettner A, Heydel JM, Loos H. Odorant Metabolism in Humans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kornbausch
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Marcel W. Debong
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Jean-Marie Heydel
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation: Centre des Sciences du Gout et de l'Alimentation Flavour perception: from molecule to behavior FRANCE
| | - Helene Loos
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Chemistry and Pharmacy Henkestr. 9 91054 Erlangen GERMANY
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25
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Luan G, Wang M, Yuan J, Bu X, Song J, Wang C, Zhang L. Regulatory network identified by pulmonary transcriptome and proteome profiling reveals extensive change of tumor-related genes in microRNA-21 knockout mice. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:1919-1929. [PMID: 35511299 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-03967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a well-known oncomiR and plays key roles in regulating various biological processes related to pulmonary diseases, especially lung carcinoma. The regulatory roles and downstream targets of miR-21 remain far from well understood. We aimed to identify miR-21-gene regulatory network in lung tissue. METHODS Transcriptome and proteome analyses were performed on lung tissues from miR-21 knockout (KO) mice and their wildtype (WT) littermates. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs) between miR-21KO and WT were analyzed, and correlation analysis was performed between transcriptional and translational level. DEPs were used for prediction of miR-21 target genes and construction of co-expression network. RESULTS Comparing with WT mice, 820 DEGs and 623 DEPs were identified in lung tissues of miR-21KO mice. Upregulated DEGs and DEPs were both significantly enriched in pathways of metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, drug metabolism, and chemical carcinogenesis. Of the 31 molecules commonly identified in DEGs and DEPs, 9 upregulated genes were tumor suppressor genes while 8 downregulated genes were oncogenes, and 12 genes showed closely positive correlation between mRNA and protein expression. Real-time PCR validation results were consistent with the omics data. Among the upregulated DEPs in miR-21KO mice, 21 genes were predicted as miR-21 targets. The miR-21 regulatory network was constructed by target genes and their highly co-expressed proteins, which identified the miR-21 target Itih4 as a hub gene. CONCLUSION MiR-21-gene regulatory network was constructed in mouse lung tissue. MiR-21KO resulted in extensive upregulation of tumor suppressor genes and downregulation of oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Luan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xiangting Bu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, DongJiaoMinXiang, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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26
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Behrend SJ, Giotopoulou GA, Spella M, Stathopoulos GT. A role for club cells in smoking-associated lung adenocarcinoma. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/162/210122. [PMID: 34670807 PMCID: PMC9488964 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0122-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular origin of lung adenocarcinoma remains a focus of intense research efforts. The marked cellular heterogeneity and plasticity of the lungs, as well as the vast variety of molecular subtypes of lung adenocarcinomas perplex the field and account for the extensive variability of experimental results. While most experts would agree on the cellular origins of other types of thoracic tumours, great controversy exists on the tumour-initiating cells of lung adenocarcinoma, since this histologic subtype of lung cancer arises in the distal pulmonary regions where airways and alveoli converge, occurs in smokers as well as nonsmokers, is likely caused by various environmental agents, and is marked by vast molecular and pathologic heterogeneity. Alveolar type II, club, and their variant cells have all been implicated in lung adenocarcinoma progeny and the lineage hierarchies in the distal lung remain disputed. Here we review the relevant literature in this rapidly expanding field, including results from mouse models and human studies. In addition, we present a case for club cells as cells of origin of lung adenocarcinomas that arise in smokers. Multiple lung epithelial cells are targets of carcinogenic hits. Club cells are such cells that can metabolically activate tobacco pre-carcinogens, being thus positioned as cells of origin of lung adenocarcinomas in smokers.https://bit.ly/3iOshcy
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine J Behrend
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD); Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany .,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Georgia A Giotopoulou
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD); Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Magda Spella
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD); Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU) and Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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27
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Berman R, Rose CS, Downey GP, Day BJ, Chu HW. Role of Particulate Matter from Afghanistan and Iraq in Deployment-Related Lung Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2408-2423. [PMID: 34808040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 3 million United States military personnel and contractors were deployed to Southwest Asia and Afghanistan over the past two decades. After returning to the United States, many developed persistent respiratory symptoms, including those due to asthma, rhinosinusitis, bronchiolitis, and others, which we collectively refer to as deployment-related lung diseases (DRLD). The mechanisms of different DRLD have not been well defined. Limited studies from us and others suggest that multiple factors and biological signaling pathways contribute to the onset of DRLD. These include, but are not limited to, exposures to high levels of particulate matter (PM) from sandstorms, burn pit combustion products, improvised explosive devices, and diesel exhaust particles. Once inhaled, these hazardous substances can activate lung immune and structural cells to initiate numerous cell-signaling pathways such as oxidative stress, Toll-like receptors, and cytokine-driven cell injury (e.g., interleukin-33). These biological events may lead to a pro-inflammatory response and airway hyperresponsiveness. Additionally, exposures to PM and other environmental hazards may predispose military personnel and contractors to more severe disease due to the interactions of those hazardous materials with subsequent exposures to allergens and cigarette smoke. Understanding how airborne exposures during deployment contribute to DRLD may identify effective targets to alleviate respiratory diseases and improve quality of life in veterans and active duty military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Berman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, United States
| | - Cecile S Rose
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, United States
| | - Gregory P Downey
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, United States
| | - Brian J Day
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, United States
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, United States
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28
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Dobrinskikh E, Al-Juboori SI, Zarate MA, Zheng L, De Dios R, Balasubramaniyan D, Sherlock LG, Orlicky DJ, Wright CJ. Pulmonary implications of acetaminophen exposures independent of hepatic toxicity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L941-L953. [PMID: 34585971 PMCID: PMC8616618 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00234.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that exposures to acetaminophen (APAP) at levels that cause hepatic injury cause pulmonary injury as well. However, whether exposures that do not result in hepatic injury have acute pulmonary implications is unknown. Thus, we sought to determine how APAP exposures at levels that do not result in significant hepatic injury impact the mature lung. Adult male ICR mice (8-12 wk) were exposed to a dose of APAP known to cause hepatotoxicity in adult mice [280 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (ip)], as well as a lower dose previously reported to not cause hepatic injury (140 mg/kg, ip). We confirm that the lower dose exposures did not result in significant hepatic injury. However, like high dose, lower exposure resulted in increased cellular content of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and induced a proinflammatory pulmonary transcriptome. Both the lower and higher dose exposures resulted in measurable changes in lung morphometrics, with the lower dose exposure causing alveolar wall thinning. Using RNAScope, we were able to detect dose-dependent, APAP-induced pulmonary Cyp2e1 expression. Finally, using FLIM we determined that both APAP exposures resulted in acute pulmonary metabolic changes consistent with mitochondrial overload in lower doses and a shift to glycolysis at a high dose. Our findings demonstrate that APAP exposures that do not cause significant hepatic injury result in acute inflammatory, morphometric, and metabolic changes in the mature lung. These previously unreported findings may help explain the potential relationship between APAP exposures and pulmonary-related morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Saif I Al-Juboori
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Miguel A Zarate
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robyn De Dios
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Durga Balasubramaniyan
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura G Sherlock
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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29
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Fransen LFH, Leonard MO. Small Airway Susceptibility to Chemical and Particle Injury. Respiration 2021; 101:321-333. [PMID: 34649249 DOI: 10.1159/000519344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small airways (SA) in humans are commonly defined as those conducting airways <2 mm in diameter. They are susceptible to particle- and chemical-induced injury and play a major role in the development of airway disease such as COPD and asthma. Susceptibility to injury can be attributed in part to structural features including airflow dynamics and tissue architecture, but recent evidence may indicate a more prominent role for cellular composition in directing toxicological responses. Animal studies support the hypothesis that inherent cellular differences across the tracheobronchial tree, including metabolic CYP450 expression in the distal conducting airways, can influence SA susceptibility to injury. Currently, there is insufficient information in humans to make similar conclusions, prompting further necessary work in this area. An understanding of why the SA are more susceptible to certain chemical and particle exposures than other airway regions is fundamental to our ability to identify hazardous materials, their properties, and accompanying exposure scenarios that compromise lung function. It is also important for the ability to develop appropriate models for toxicity testing. Moreover, it is central to our understanding of SA disease aetiology and how interventional strategies for treatment may be developed. In this review, we will document the structural and cellular airway regional differences that are likely to influence airway susceptibility to injury, including the role of secretory club cells. We will also describe recent advances in single-cell sequencing of human airways, which have provided unprecedented details of cell phenotype, likely to impact airway chemical and particle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Oliver Leonard
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot, United Kingdom
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Dang TTH, Choi M, Pham HG, Yun JW. Cytochrome P450 2F2 (CYP2F2) negatively regulates browning in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174318. [PMID: 34252443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are a multigene superfamily of constitutively expressed and inducible enzymes responsible for the detoxification of many endogenous and exogenous compounds and for the metabolism of numerous medications. The cytochrome P450 2F2 (CYP2F2) subfamily is preferentially expressed in the respiratory tract, but its functional role in adipocytes has never been explored. We found that CYP2F2 was highly expressed during the differentiation of the C3H10T1/2 murine mesenchymal stem cells to adipocytes and here we have explored its functional role in adipocytes. The expression of thermogenic marker proteins such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16), and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and beige-fat specific genes were significantly increased in Cyp2f2-deficient 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, Cyp2f2 silencing led to reduced adipogenesis and lipogenesis, and enhanced lipid catabolism through the increased expression of lipolytic and fatty acid oxidative enzymes. A mechanistic study to identify molecular signals for CYP2F2-mediated negative regulation in the browning of white adipocytes revealed that CYP2F2 impairs the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) activation as well as its downstream regulators including protein kinase A (PKA), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2). This data provides evidence that CYP2F2 is a negative regulator of lipid catabolism and browning in white adipocytes, suggesting that inhibitors of CYP2F2 could be potential drugs for the treatment of obesity with a focus on enhancing energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thi Huyen Dang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Huong Giang Pham
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Qiu Z, Li G, An T. In vitro toxic synergistic effects of exogenous pollutants-trimethylamine and its metabolites on human respiratory tract cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146915. [PMID: 33872904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The wide presence of volatile organic amines in atmosphere has been clarified to relate to adverse effects on human respiratory health. However, toxic effects of them on human respiratory tract and their metabiotic mechanism of in vivo transformation have not been elucidated yet. Herein, cell viability and production of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) were first investigated during acute exposure of trimethylamine (TMA) to bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE), along with identification of toxic metabolites and metabolic mechanisms of TMA from headspace atmosphere and cell culture. Results showed that cell activity decreased and ROS production increased with raising exposure TMA concentration. Toxic effects may be induced not only by TMA itself, but also more likely by its cellular metabolites. Increased dimethylamine identified in headspace atmosphere and cell solution was the main metabolite of TMA, and methylamine was also confirmed to be a further metabolite. In addition, TMA can also be oxygenated to generate N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N'-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-ethanediaminium by N-formylation or hydroxylation, which was considered to be the participation of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Overall, we can conclude that respiratory tract cells may produce more toxic metabolites during exposure of toxic organic amines, which together further induce cellular oxidative stress and necrosis. Hence, the environment and health impact of metabolites as well as original parent atmospheric organic amines should be paid more attention in further researches and disease risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Qiu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Silva-Adaya D, Garza-Lombó C, Gonsebatt ME. Xenobiotic transport and metabolism in the human brain. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:125-138. [PMID: 34371026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Organisms have metabolic pathways responsible for eliminating endogenous and exogenous toxicants. Generally, we associate the liver par excellence as the organ in charge of detoxifying the body; however, this process occurs in all tissues, including the brain. Due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), the Central Nervous System (CNS) is considered a partially isolated organ, but similar to other organs, the CNS possess xenobiotic transporters and metabolic pathways associated with the elimination of xenobiotic agents. In this review, we describe the different systems related to the detoxification of xenobiotics in the CNS, providing examples in which their association with neurodegenerative processes is suspected. The CNS detoxifying systems include carrier-mediated, active efflux and receptor-mediated transport, and detoxifying systems that include phase I and phase II enzymes, as well as those enzymes in charge of neutralizing compounds such as electrophilic agents, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and free radicals, which are products of the bioactivation of xenobiotics. Moreover, we discuss the differential expression of these systems in different regions of the CNS, showing the different detoxifying needs and the composition of each region in terms of the cell type, neurotransmitter content, and the accumulation of xenobiotics and/or reactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Silva-Adaya
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico; Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico, 14269, Mexico
| | - Carla Garza-Lombó
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 West 15th Street, NB, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - María E Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
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Wright CJ. Acetaminophen and the Developing Lung: Could There Be Lifelong Consequences? J Pediatr 2021; 235:264-276.e1. [PMID: 33617854 PMCID: PMC9810455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Clyde J. Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
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Ramadan Q, Fardous RS, Hazaymeh R, Alshmmari S, Zourob M. Pharmacokinetics-On-a-Chip: In Vitro Microphysiological Models for Emulating of Drugs ADME. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100775. [PMID: 34323392 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite many ongoing efforts across the full spectrum of pharmaceutical and biotech industries, drug development is still a costly undertaking that involves a high risk of failure during clinical trials. Animal models played vital roles in understanding the mechanism of human diseases. However, the use of these models has been a subject of heated debate, particularly due to ethical matters and the inevitable pathophysiological differences between animals and humans. Current in vitro models lack the sufficient functionality and predictivity of human pharmacokinetics and toxicity, therefore, are not capable to fully replace animal models. The recent development of micro-physiological systems has shown great potential as indispensable tools for recapitulating key physiological parameters of humans and providing in vitro methods for predicting the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in humans. Integration of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) processes within one close in vitro system is a paramount development that would meet important unmet pharmaceutical industry needs. In this review paper, synthesis of the ADME-centered organ-on-a-chip technology is systemically presented from what is achieved to what needs to be done, emphasizing the requirements of in vitro models that meet industrial needs in terms of the structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasem Ramadan
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Roa Saleem Fardous
- Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Rana Hazaymeh
- Almaarefa University, Riyadh, 13713, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshmmari
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, 13513-7148, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Second- and Third-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs-Influence of Smoking Behavior and Inflammation on Pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060514. [PMID: 34071813 PMCID: PMC8230242 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Both inflammation and smoking can influence a drug’s pharmacokinetic properties, i.e., its liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Depending on, e.g., pharmacogenetics, these changes may alter treatment response or cause serious adverse drug reactions and are thus of clinical relevance. Antipsychotic drugs, used in the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia, should be closely monitored due to multiple factors (e.g., the narrow therapeutic window of certain psychotropic drugs, the chronicity of most mental illnesses, and the common occurrence of polypharmacotherapy in psychiatry). Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aids with drug titration by enabling the quantification of patients’ drug levels. Recommendations on the use of TDM during treatment with psychotropic drugs are presented in the Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology; however, data on antipsychotic drug levels during inflammation or after changes in smoking behavior—both clinically relevant in psychiatry—that can aid clinical decision making are sparse. The following narrative review provides an overview of relevant literature regarding TDM in psychiatry, particularly in the context of second- and third-generation antipsychotic drugs, inflammation, and smoking behavior. It aims to spread awareness regarding TDM (most pronouncedly of clozapine and olanzapine) as a tool to optimize drug safety and provide patient-tailored treatment.
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36
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Second- and Third-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs—Influence of Smoking Behavior and Inflammation on Pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ph14060514
expr 938544256 + 801362328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Both inflammation and smoking can influence a drug’s pharmacokinetic properties, i.e., its liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Depending on, e.g., pharmacogenetics, these changes may alter treatment response or cause serious adverse drug reactions and are thus of clinical relevance. Antipsychotic drugs, used in the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia, should be closely monitored due to multiple factors (e.g., the narrow therapeutic window of certain psychotropic drugs, the chronicity of most mental illnesses, and the common occurrence of polypharmacotherapy in psychiatry). Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aids with drug titration by enabling the quantification of patients’ drug levels. Recommendations on the use of TDM during treatment with psychotropic drugs are presented in the Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology; however, data on antipsychotic drug levels during inflammation or after changes in smoking behavior—both clinically relevant in psychiatry—that can aid clinical decision making are sparse. The following narrative review provides an overview of relevant literature regarding TDM in psychiatry, particularly in the context of second- and third-generation antipsychotic drugs, inflammation, and smoking behavior. It aims to spread awareness regarding TDM (most pronouncedly of clozapine and olanzapine) as a tool to optimize drug safety and provide patient-tailored treatment.
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Moschny N, Hefner G, Grohmann R, Eckermann G, Maier HB, Seifert J, Heck J, Francis F, Bleich S, Toto S, Meissner C. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Second- and Third-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs-Influence of Smoking Behavior and Inflammation on Pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:514. [PMID: 34071813 PMCID: PMC8230242 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060514&set/a 947965394+957477086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Both inflammation and smoking can influence a drug's pharmacokinetic properties, i.e., its liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Depending on, e.g., pharmacogenetics, these changes may alter treatment response or cause serious adverse drug reactions and are thus of clinical relevance. Antipsychotic drugs, used in the treatment of psychosis and schizophrenia, should be closely monitored due to multiple factors (e.g., the narrow therapeutic window of certain psychotropic drugs, the chronicity of most mental illnesses, and the common occurrence of polypharmacotherapy in psychiatry). Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aids with drug titration by enabling the quantification of patients' drug levels. Recommendations on the use of TDM during treatment with psychotropic drugs are presented in the Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology; however, data on antipsychotic drug levels during inflammation or after changes in smoking behavior-both clinically relevant in psychiatry-that can aid clinical decision making are sparse. The following narrative review provides an overview of relevant literature regarding TDM in psychiatry, particularly in the context of second- and third-generation antipsychotic drugs, inflammation, and smoking behavior. It aims to spread awareness regarding TDM (most pronouncedly of clozapine and olanzapine) as a tool to optimize drug safety and provide patient-tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Moschny
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-532-3656
| | - Gudrun Hefner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Vitos Clinic for Forensic Psychiatry, Kloster-Eberbach-Str. 4, 65346 Eltville, Germany;
| | - Renate Grohmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Nussbaum-Str. 7, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Gabriel Eckermann
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hospital Kaufbeuren, Kemnater-Str. 16, 87600 Kaufbeuren, Germany;
| | - Hannah B Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Johanna Seifert
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Johannes Heck
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Flverly Francis
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Stefan Bleich
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Sermin Toto
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Catharina Meissner
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (H.B.M.); (J.S.); (F.F.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (C.M.)
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Wang HC, Liu KY, Wang LT, Hsu SH, Wang SC, Huang SK. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor promotes lipid droplet biogenesis and metabolic shift in respiratory Club cells. Hum Cell 2021; 34:785-799. [PMID: 33683656 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Club cells are critical in maintaining airway integrity via, in part, secretion of immunomodulatory Club cell 10 kd protein (CC10) and xenobiotic detoxification. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is important in xenobiotic metabolism, but its role in Club cell function is unclear. To this end, an AhR ligand, 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ, 10 nM) was found to induce, in a ligand and AhR-dependent manner, endoplasmic reticulum stress, phospholipid remodeling, free fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, leading to perilipin 2-dependent lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis in a Club cell-like cell line, NL20. The increase in LDs was due, in part, to the blockade of adipose triglyceride lipase to LDs, while perilipin 5 facilitated LDs-mitochondria connection, leading to the breakdown of LDs via mitochondrial β-oxidation and acetyl-coA generation. In FICZ-treated cells, increased CC10 secretion and its intracellular association with LDs were noted. Administration of low (0.28 ng), medium (1.42 ng), and high (7.10 ng) doses of FICZ in C57BL/6 mice significantly enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.1 μg)-induced airway inflammation, mucin secretion, pro-inflammatory cytokines and CC10 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, as compared to those seen in mice receiving LPS alone, suggesting the importance of AhR signaling in controlling the metabolic homeostasis and functions of Club cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd, North District, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Kwei-Yan Liu
- Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Li-Ting Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd, North District, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Enlo-Scott Z, Bäckström E, Mudway I, Forbes B. Drug metabolism in the lungs: opportunities for optimising inhaled medicines. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:611-625. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1908262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Enlo-Scott
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Erica Bäckström
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology (R&I), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ian Mudway
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research, Health Protection Research Units in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards and Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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Dobrinskikh E, Sherlock LG, Orlicky DJ, Zheng L, De Dios R, Balasubramaniyan D, Sizemore T, Butler B, Wright CJ. The developing murine lung is susceptible to acetaminophen toxicity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L969-L978. [PMID: 33759579 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00072.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (n-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) use in the neonatal intensive care unit is rapidly increasing. Although APAP-related hepatotoxicity is rarely reported in the neonatal literature, other end-organ toxicity can occur with toxic exposures. APAP-induced lung injury has been reported with toxic exposures in adults, but whether this occurs in the developing lung is unknown. Therefore, we tested whether toxic APAP exposures would injure the developing lung. Neonatal C57BL/6 mice (PN7, early alveolar stage of lung development) were exposed to a dose of APAP known to cause hepatotoxicity in adult mice (280 mg/kg, IP). This exposure induced significant lung injury in the absence of identifiable hepatic toxicity. This injury was associated with increased pulmonary expression of Cyp2e1, the xenobiotic enzyme responsible for the toxic conversion of APAP. Exposure was associated with increased pulmonary expression of antioxidant response genes and decreased pulmonary glutathione peroxidase activity level. Furthermore, we observed an increase in pulmonary expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Lastly, we were able to demonstrate that this toxic APAP exposure was associated with a shift in pulmonary metabolism away from glycolysis with increased oxidative phosphorylation, a finding consistent with increased mitochondrial workload, potentially leading to mitochondrial toxicity. This previously unrecognized injury and metabolic implications highlight the need to look beyond the liver and evaluate both the acute and long-term pulmonary implications of APAP exposure in the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura G Sherlock
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robyn De Dios
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Durga Balasubramaniyan
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Thom Sizemore
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brittany Butler
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Juvonen RO, Jokinen EM, Huuskonen J, Kärkkäinen O, Raunio H, Pentikäinen OT. Molecular docking and oxidation kinetics of 3-phenyl coumarin derivatives by human CYP2A13. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1207-1216. [PMID: 33703988 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1898700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CYP2A13 enzyme is expressed in human extrahepatic tissues, while CYP2A6 is a hepatic enzyme. Reactions catalyzed by CYP2A13 activate tobacco-specific nitrosamines and some other toxic xenobiotics in lungs.To compare oxidation characteristics and substrate-enzyme active site interactions in CYP2A13 vs CYP2A6, we evaluated CYP2A13 mediated oxidation characteristics of 23 coumarin derivatives and modelled their interactions at the enzyme active site.CYP2A13 did not oxidize six coumarin derivatives to corresponding fluorescent 7-hydroxycoumarins. The Km-values of the other coumarins varied 0.85-97 µM, Vmax-values of the oxidation reaction varied 0.25-60 min-1, and intrinsic clearance varied 26-6190 kL/min*mol CYP2A13). Km of 6-chloro-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-coumarin was 0.85 (0.55-1.15 95% confidence limit) µM and Vmax 0.25 (0.23-0.26) min-1, whereas Km of 6-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-coumarin was 10.9 (9.9-11.8) µM and Vmax 60 (58-63) min-1. Docking analyses demonstrated that 6-chloro or 6-methoxy and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) or 3-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl) substituents of coumarin increased affinity to CYP2A13, whereas 3-triazole or 3-(3-acetate phenyl) or 3-(4-acetate phenyl) substituents decreased it.The active site of CYP2A13 accepts more diversified types of coumarin substrates than the hepatic CYP2A6 enzyme. New sensitive and convenient profluorescent CYP2A13 substrates were identified, such as 6-chloro-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-coumarin having high affinity and 6-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-coumarin with high intrinsic clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risto O Juvonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elmeri M Jokinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Huuskonen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannu Raunio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli T Pentikäinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.,University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland
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42
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Snyder RJ, Kleeberger SR. Role of Mitochondrial DNA in Inflammatory Airway Diseases. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1485-1499. [PMID: 33577124 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome is a small, circular, and highly conserved piece of DNA which encodes only 13 protein subunits yet is vital for electron transport in the mitochondrion and, therefore, vital for the existence of multicellular life on Earth. Despite this importance, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is located in one of the least-protected areas of the cell, exposing it to high concentrations of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and threat from exogenous substances and pathogens. Until recently, the quality control mechanisms which ensured the stability of the nuclear genome were thought to be minimal or nonexistent in the mitochondria, and the thousands of redundant copies of mtDNA in each cell were believed to be the primary mechanism of protecting these genes. However, a vast network of mechanisms has been discovered that repair mtDNA lesions, replace and recycle mitochondrial chromosomes, and conduct alternate RNA processing for previously undescribed mitochondrial proteins. New mtDNA/RNA-dependent signaling pathways reveal a mostly undiscovered biochemical landscape in which the mitochondria interface with their host cells/organisms. As the myriad ways in which the function of the mitochondrial genome can affect human health have become increasingly apparent, the use of mitogenomic biomarkers (such as copy number and heteroplasmy) as toxicological endpoints has become more widely accepted. In this article, we examine several pathologies of human airway epithelium, including particle exposures, inflammatory diseases, and hyperoxia, and discuss the role of mitochondrial genotoxicity in the pathogenesis and/or exacerbation of these conditions. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1485-1499, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Snyder
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Barbosa J, Faria J, Garcez F, Leal S, Afonso LP, Nascimento AV, Moreira R, Pereira FC, Queirós O, Carvalho F, Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Repeated Administration of Clinically Relevant Doses of the Prescription Opioids Tramadol and Tapentadol Causes Lung, Cardiac, and Brain Toxicity in Wistar Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020097. [PMID: 33513867 PMCID: PMC7912343 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tramadol and tapentadol, two structurally related synthetic opioid analgesics, are widely prescribed due to the enhanced therapeutic profiles resulting from the synergistic combination between μ-opioid receptor (MOR) activation and monoamine reuptake inhibition. However, the number of adverse reactions has been growing along with their increasing use and misuse. The potential toxicological mechanisms for these drugs are not completely understood, especially for tapentadol, owing to its shorter market history. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to comparatively assess the putative lung, cardiac, and brain cortex toxicological damage elicited by the repeated exposure to therapeutic doses of both prescription opioids. To this purpose, male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with single daily doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg tramadol or tapentadol, corresponding to a standard analgesic dose, an intermediate dose, and the maximum recommended daily dose, respectively, for 14 consecutive days. Such treatment was found to lead mainly to lipid peroxidation and inflammation in lung and brain cortex tissues, as shown through augmented thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), as well as to increased serum inflammation biomarkers, such as C reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Cardiomyocyte integrity was also shown to be affected, since both opioids incremented serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) activities, while tapentadol was associated with increased serum creatine kinase muscle brain (CK-MB) isoform activity. In turn, the analysis of metabolic parameters in brain cortex tissue revealed increased lactate concentration upon exposure to both drugs, as well as augmented LDH and creatine kinase (CK) activities following tapentadol treatment. In addition, pneumo- and cardiotoxicity biomarkers were quantified at the gene level, while neurotoxicity biomarkers were quantified both at the gene and protein levels; changes in their expression correlate with the oxidative stress, inflammatory, metabolic, and histopathological changes that were detected. Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining revealed several histopathological alterations, including alveolar collapse and destruction in lung sections, inflammatory infiltrates, altered cardiomyocytes and loss of striation in heart sections, degenerated neurons, and accumulation of glial and microglial cells in brain cortex sections. In turn, Masson's trichrome staining confirmed fibrous tissue deposition in cardiac tissue. Taken as a whole, these results show that the repeated administration of both prescription opioids extends the dose range for which toxicological injury is observed to lower therapeutic doses. They also reinforce previous assumptions that tramadol and tapentadol are not devoid of toxicological risk even at clinical doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Barbosa
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE—Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (R.J.D.-O.); Tel.: +351-224-157-216 (J.B.); +351-224-157-216 (R.J.D.-O.)
| | - Juliana Faria
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE—Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda Garcez
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
| | - Sandra Leal
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Pedro Afonso
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Vanessa Nascimento
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
| | - Roxana Moreira
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
| | - Frederico C. Pereira
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Odília Queirós
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE—Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- IINFACTS—Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (J.F.); (F.G.); (S.L.); (A.V.N.); (R.M.); (O.Q.)
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE—Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (R.J.D.-O.); Tel.: +351-224-157-216 (J.B.); +351-224-157-216 (R.J.D.-O.)
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Kwon YJ, Shin S, Chun YJ. Biological roles of cytochrome P450 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 enzymes. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:63-83. [PMID: 33484438 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) play a critical role in various biological processes and human diseases. CYP1 family members, including CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1, are induced by aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs). The binding of ligands such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons activates the AhRs, which are involved in the metabolism (including oxidation) of various endogenous or exogenous substrates. The ligands that induce CYP1 expression are reported to be carcinogenic xenobiotics. Hence, CYP1 enzymes are correlated with the pathogenesis of cancers. Various endogenous substrates are involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones, eicosanoids, and other biological molecules that mediate the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Additionally, CYP1s metabolize and activate/inactivate therapeutic drugs, especially, anti-cancer agents. As the metabolism of drugs determines their therapeutic efficacy, CYP1s can determine the susceptibility of patients to some drugs. Thus, understanding the role of CYP1s in diseases and establishing novel and efficient therapeutic strategies based on CYP1s have piqued the interest of the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Li Y, Cui J, Jia J. The Activation of Procarcinogens by CYP1A1/1B1 and Related Chemo-Preventive Agents: A Review. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:21-54. [PMID: 33023449 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201006143419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 are extrahepatic P450 family members involved in the metabolism of procarcinogens, such as PAHs, heterocyclic amines and halogen-containing organic compounds. CYP1A1/1B1 also participate in the metabolism of endogenous 17-β-estradiol, producing estradiol hydroquinones, which are the intermediates of carcinogenic semiquinones and quinones. CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 proteins share approximately half amino acid sequence identity but differ in crystal structures. As a result, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 have different substrate specificity to chemical procarcinogens. This review will introduce the general molecular biology knowledge of CYP1A1/1B1 and the metabolic processes of procarcinogens regulated by these two enzymes. Over the last four decades, a variety of natural products and synthetic compounds which interact with CYP1A1/1B1 have been identified as effective chemo-preventive agents against chemical carcinogenesis. These compounds are mainly classified as indirect or direct CYP1A1/1B1 inhibitors based on their distinct mechanisms. Indirect CYP1A1/1B1 inhibitors generally impede the transcription and translation of CYP1A1/1B1 genes or interfere with the translocation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) from the cytosolic domain to the nucleus. On the other hand, direct inhibitors inhibit the catalytic activities of CYP1A1/1B1. Based on the structural features, the indirect inhibitors can be categorized into the following groups: flavonoids, alkaloids and synthetic aromatics, whereas the direct inhibitors can be categorized into flavonoids, coumarins, stilbenes, sulfur containing isothiocyanates and synthetic aromatics. This review will summarize the in vitro and in vivo activities of these chemo-preventive agents, their working mechanisms, and related SARs. This will provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of CYP1 mediated carcinogenesis and will also give great implications for the discovery of novel chemo-preventive agents in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubei Li
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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46
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Jolliffe DA, Stefanidis C, Wang Z, Kermani NZ, Dimitrov V, White JH, McDonough JE, Janssens W, Pfeffer P, Griffiths CJ, Bush A, Guo Y, Christenson S, Adcock IM, Chung KF, Thummel KE, Martineau AR. Vitamin D Metabolism Is Dysregulated in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:371-382. [PMID: 32186892 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201909-1867oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels may represent a cause or a consequence of these conditions.Objectives: To determine whether vitamin D metabolism is altered in asthma or COPD.Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study in 186 adults to determine whether the 25(OH)D response to six oral doses of 3 mg vitamin D3, administered over 1 year, differed between those with asthma or COPD versus control subjects. Serum concentrations of vitamin D3, 25(OH)D3, and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25[OH]2D3) were determined presupplementation and postsupplementation in 93 adults with asthma, COPD, or neither condition, and metabolite-to-parent compound molar ratios were compared between groups to estimate hydroxylase activity. Additionally, we analyzed 14 datasets to compare expression of 1α,25(OH)2D3-inducible gene expression signatures in clinical samples taken from adults with asthma or COPD versus control subjects.Measurements and Main Results: The mean postsupplementation 25(OH)D increase in participants with asthma (20.9 nmol/L) and COPD (21.5 nmol/L) was lower than in control subjects (39.8 nmol/L; P = 0.001). Compared with control subjects, patients with asthma and COPD had lower molar ratios of 25(OH)D3-to-vitamin D3 and higher molar ratios of 1α,25(OH)2D3-to-25(OH)D3 both presupplementation and postsupplementation (P ≤ 0.005). Intergroup differences in 1α,25(OH)2D3-inducible gene expression signatures were modest and variable if statistically significant.Conclusions: Attenuation of the 25(OH)D response to vitamin D supplementation in asthma and COPD associated with reduced molar ratios of 25(OH)D3-to-vitamin D3 and increased molar ratios of 1α,25(OH)2D3-to-25(OH)D3 in serum, suggesting that vitamin D metabolism is dysregulated in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Jolliffe
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Stefanidis
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhican Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Vassil Dimitrov
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John H White
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Wim Janssens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Paul Pfeffer
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Griffiths
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bush
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yike Guo
- Data Science Institute, William Penney Laboratory and
| | - Stephanie Christenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adrian R Martineau
- Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Stipp MC, Acco A. Involvement of cytochrome P450 enzymes in inflammation and cancer: a review. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 87:295-309. [PMID: 33112969 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are responsible for the biotransformation of drugs, xenobiotics, and endogenous substances. This enzymatic activity can be modulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, modifying the organism's response to medications. Among the factors that are responsible for enzyme inhibition or induction is the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), from macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. These cells are also present in the tumor microenvironment, participating in the development of cancer, a disease that is characterized by cellular mutations that favor cell survival and proliferation. Mutations also occur in CYP enzymes, resulting in enzymatic polymorphisms and modulation of their activity. Therefore, the inhibition or induction of CYP enzymes by proinflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment can promote carcinogenesis and affect chemotherapy, resulting in adverse effects, toxicity, or therapeutic failure. This review discusses the relevance of CYPs in hepatocarcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and chemotherapy by reviewing in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. We also discuss the importance of elucidating the relationships between inflammation, CYPs, and cancer to predict drug interactions and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Stipp
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, CuritibaCuritiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Acco
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, CuritibaCuritiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil.
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48
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Hakkola J, Hukkanen J, Turpeinen M, Pelkonen O. Inhibition and induction of CYP enzymes in humans: an update. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3671-3722. [PMID: 33111191 PMCID: PMC7603454 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme family is the most important enzyme system catalyzing the phase 1 metabolism of pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics such as herbal remedies and toxic compounds in the environment. The inhibition and induction of CYPs are major mechanisms causing pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions. This review presents a comprehensive update on the inhibitors and inducers of the specific CYP enzymes in humans. The focus is on the more recent human in vitro and in vivo findings since the publication of our previous review on this topic in 2008. In addition to the general presentation of inhibitory drugs and inducers of human CYP enzymes by drugs, herbal remedies, and toxic compounds, an in-depth view on tyrosine-kinase inhibitors and antiretroviral HIV medications as victims and perpetrators of drug–drug interactions is provided as examples of the current trends in the field. Also, a concise overview of the mechanisms of CYP induction is presented to aid the understanding of the induction phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Hakkola
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miia Turpeinen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Administration Center, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olavi Pelkonen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
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49
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Hypomethylation of the XRE -1383 site is associated with the upregulation of CYP1A1 in gastric adenocarcinoma. Gene 2020; 769:145216. [PMID: 33069801 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its broad substrate specificity of mainly xenobiotics and its preferential extrahepatic expression, cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is a principle member of the CYP detoxifying enzyme superfamily involving in carcinogenesis. Methylation status of 93 CpG sites, densely scattered within approximately 1.5 kb 5' regulatory region of CYP1A1, and its association with gene transcription was analyzed in tissue cohorts dissected from 40 patients with gastric cancer. Bisulfite sequencing and the resulting methylation percentages revealed dynamically methylated CpG sites located within or around xenobiotic response elements (XRE) 4-10, and a region of consistent hypermethylation located near proximal promoter, encompassing XRE2-3. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences of the methylation percentages at the CpG sites -1415 (0.032) and -1524 (P = 0.041) (located at the close upstream region of XRE10) between cancerous and normal gastric tissues as well as between those with and without lymphatic involvement. Quantitative real time PCR analysis showed that the CYP1A1 gene expression significantly increases in cancerous tissues compared to their normal tissue cohort, and is significantly associated with hypomethylation at the CpG site -1383 (P = 0.018) within the XRE10 motif. These data suggest that the variably methylated CpG site from the 5' regulatory region of CYP1A1, corresponding with the XRE10 regulatory region, is associated with its gene upregulation thus, is likely involved in gastric cancer incidence and metastasis. Methylation analysis of the CpG sites located within or around the XRE10 motif of the CYP1A1 promoter can be used as a potential marker to evaluate individual susceptibility to gastric cancer.
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50
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Huang X, Lv D, Yang X, Li M, Zhang H. m6A RNA methylation regulators could contribute to the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12706-12715. [PMID: 32961012 PMCID: PMC7686997 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation, the most prevalent internal chemical modification of mRNA, has been reported to participate in the progression of various tumours via the dynamic regulation of m6A RNA methylation regulators. However, the role of m6A RNA methylation regulators in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has never been reported. This study aimed to determine the expression and potential functions of m6A RNA methylation regulators in COPD. Four gene expression data sets were acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus. Gene ontology function, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses, weighted correlation network analysis and protein‐protein interaction network analysis were performed. The correlation analyses of m6A RNA methylation regulators and key COPD genes were also performed. We found that the mRNA expressions of IGF2BP3, FTO, METTL3 and YTHDC2, which have the significant associations with some key genes enriched in the signalling pathway and biological processes that promote the development progression of COPD, are highly correlated with the occurrence of COPD. In conclusion, six central m6A RNA methylation regulators could contribute to the occurrence of COPD. This study provides important evidence for further examination of the role of m6A RNA methylation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Huang
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongjin Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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