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Gärditz KF, Czesnick H. Paclitaxel - a Product of Fungal Secondary Metabolism or an Artefact? PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:726-735. [PMID: 38754434 PMCID: PMC11254485 DOI: 10.1055/a-2309-6298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Taxol (common name: paclitaxel) is an extremely important component of drugs for the treatment of various cancers. Thirty years after the discovery of its effectiveness, a metabolic precursor of Taxol (10-deacetylbaccatin III) is still primarily extracted from needles of European yew trees. In order to meet the considerable demand, hopes were pinned on the possibilities of biotechnological production from the very beginning. In 1993, as if by chance, Taxol was supposedly discovered in fungi that grow endobiotically in yew trees. This finding aroused hopes of biotechnological use to produce fungal Taxol in large quantities in fermenters. It never came to that. Instead, a confusing flood of publications emerged that claimed to have detected Taxol in more and more eukaryotic and even prokaryotic species. However, researchers never reproduced these rather puzzling results, and they could certainly not be applied on an industrial scale. This paper will show that some of the misguided approaches were apparently based on a seemingly careless handling of sparse evidence and on at least questionable publications. Apparently, the desired gold rush of commercial exploitation was seductive. Scientific skepticism as an indispensable core of good scientific practice was often neglected, and the peer review process has not exerted its corrective effect. Self-critical reflection and more healthy skepticism could help to reduce the risk of such aberrations in drug development. This article uses this case study as a striking example to show what can be learned from the Taxol case in terms of research ethics and the avoidance of questionable research practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ferdinand Gärditz
- Institute of Public Law, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Ombudsman for suspected cases of scientific misconduct, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Shah WH, Khan W, Nisa S, Barfuss MH, Schinnerl J, Bacher M, Valant-Vetschera K, Ali A, Nafidi HA, Jardan YAB, Giesy JP. HPLC, NMR Based Characterization, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Chemical Constituents from Therapeutically Active Fungal Endophytes. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1452-1463. [PMID: 38858094 PMCID: PMC11294646 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2403.03036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Fungi generate different metabolites some of which are intrinsically bioactive and could therefore serve as templates for drug development. In the current study, six endophytic fungi namely Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tubigenesis, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium oxalicum, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus brasiliensis were isolated and identified from the medicinal plant, Silybum marianum. These endophytic fungi were identified through intra transcribed sequence (ITS) gene sequencing. The bioactive potentials of fungal extracts were investigated using several bioassays such as antibacterial activity by well-diffusion, MIC, MBC, anti-biofilm, antioxidant, and haemolysis. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was used to determine the antibiofilm activity. The ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus flavus showed strong to moderate efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, P. aeruginosa, and Bacillus spizizenii. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus brasiliensis exhibited significant antibiofilm activity with IC50 at 4.02 and 3.63 mg/ml, while A. flavus exhibited maximum antioxidant activity of 50.8%. Based on HPLC, LC-MS, and NMR experiments kojic acid (1) and carbamic acid (methylene-4, 1-phenylene) bis-dimethyl ester (2) were identified from A. flavus. Kojic acid exhibited DPPH free radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 99.3 μg/ml and moderate activity against ovarian teratocarcinoma (CH1), colon carcinoma (SW480), and non-small cell lung cancer (A549) cell lines. These findings suggest that endophytic fungi are able to produce promising bioactive compounds which deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Hussain Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Tulln 3430, Austria
| | - Wajiha Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus
| | - Sobia Nisa
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Michael H.J. Barfuss
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Schinnerl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Bacher
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Tulln 3430, Austria
| | - Karin Valant-Vetschera
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ashraf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, P.R. China
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, 2325 Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - John P. Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyah, 11433, Saudi Arabia
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Tiwari P, Thakkar S, Dufossé L. Antimicrobials from endophytes as novel therapeutics to counter drug-resistant pathogens. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-27. [PMID: 38710617 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2342979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The rapid increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) projects a "global emergency" and necessitates a need to discover alternative resources for combating drug-resistant pathogens or "superbugs." One of the key themes in "One Health Concept" is based on the fact that the interconnected network of humans, the environment, and animal habitats majorly contribute to the rapid selection and spread of AMR. Moreover, the injudicious and overuse of antibiotics in healthcare, the environment, and associated disciplines, further aggravates the concern. The prevalence and persistence of AMR contribute to the global economic burden and are constantly witnessing an upsurge due to fewer therapeutic options, rising mortality statistics, and expensive healthcare. The present decade has witnessed the extensive exploration and utilization of bio-based resources in harnessing antibiotics of potential efficacies. The discovery and characterization of diverse chemical entities from endophytes as potent antimicrobials define an important yet less-explored area in natural product-mediated drug discovery. Endophytes-produced antimicrobials show potent efficacies in targeting microbial pathogens and synthetic biology (SB) mediated engineering of endophytes for yield enhancement, forms a prospective area of research. In keeping with the urgent requirements for new/novel antibiotics and growing concerns about pathogenic microbes and AMR, this paper comprehensively reviews emerging trends, prospects, and challenges of antimicrobials from endophytes and their effective production via SB. This literature review would serve as the platform for further exploration of novel bioactive entities from biological organisms as "novel therapeutics" to address AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shreya Thakkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratoire CHEMBIOPRO (Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels), ESIROI Département agroalimentaire, Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
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Ting ASY, Gan PT. Influence of coloured lights on growth and enzyme production of beneficial endophytic fungi. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00486-x. [PMID: 38277111 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The influence of light regulation on fungal growth and enzyme production was tested on endophytic isolates of Fusarium proliferatum (CCH), Colletotrichum boninense (PL1, PL9, OL2), Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (OL3) and Colletotrichum siamense (PL3). The isolates were treated with blue, red, green, and yellow light, while white fluorescent light (12 h light/12 h dark photoperiod) and 24 h dark conditions were applied as control. Results revealed that coloured light treatments induced formation of circadian rings, while exposure to white light and dark conditions showed less pronounced circadian rings. Growth and sporulation of endophytes were not significantly influenced by light. By contrast, enzyme production was affected by coloured light treatments, notably with red (amylase), blue (cellulase) and yellow (cellulase, xylanase, L-asparaginase) light, resulting in lower enzyme levels for certain isolates. Under control conditions, enzyme production was relatively higher for amylase, cellulase, xylanase (for cultures incubated in the dark), and for L-asparaginase (for cultures incubated in white fluorescent light). Among the endophytic isolates, F. proliferatum (CCH) showed better response to coloured light treatment as higher sporulation and enzyme production was detected, although growth was significantly suppressed. On the contrary, C. gloeosporiodes (OL3) showed better growth but significantly lower enzyme production and sporulation when treated with the various coloured light. This study revealed that coloured light may have the potential to manipulate growth, sporulation and enzyme production in certain fungal species as strategies for fungal control or for harnessing of valuable enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Su Yien Ting
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Peck Ting Gan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Gupta P, Singh S, Rai N, Verma A, Tiwari H, Kamble SC, Gautam HK, Gautam V. Unveiling the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative potential of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles mediated by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4074-4088. [PMID: 38292267 PMCID: PMC10825743 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06145k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are a putative source of bioactive metabolites that have found significant applications in nanomedicine due to their metabolic versatility. In the present study, an aqueous extract of the fungal endophyte, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides associated with a medicinal plant Oroxylum indicum, has been used for the fabrication of green silver nanoparticles (CgAgNPs) and further evaluated their cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activity. Bioanalytical techniques including UV-Vis spectral analysis revealed a sharp band at 435 nm and functional molecules from the aqueous extract involved in the synthesis of CgAgNPs were evidenced through FTIR. Further, the crystalline nature of CgAgNPs was determined through XRD analysis and microscopy techniques including AFM, TEM and FESEM demonstrated the spherical shape of CgAgNPs exhibiting a crystalline hexagonal lattice and the size was found to be in the range of 9-29 nm. The significant cytotoxic potential of CgAgNPs was observed against breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 with IC50 values of 18.398 ± 0.376 and 38.587 ± 1.828 μg mL-1, respectively. The biochemical study revealed that the treatment of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells with CgAgNPs reduces glucose uptake, suppresses cell proliferation, and enhances LDH release, indicating reduced cell viability and progression. Moreover, our research revealed differential expression of genes associated with apoptosis, cell cycle inhibition and metastasis suppression, evidencing anti-proliferative activity of CgAgNPs. The main objective of the present study is to harness anti-breast cancer activity of novel biogenic nanoparticles synthesized using the aqueous extract of O. indicum associated C. gloeosporioides and study the underlying mechanistic pathway exerted by these mycogenic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 India +918860182113
| | - Swati Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 India +918860182113
| | - Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 India +918860182113
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 India +918860182113
| | - Harshita Tiwari
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 India +918860182113
| | - Swapnil C Kamble
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Hemant Kumar Gautam
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Sukhdev Vihar New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 India +918860182113
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Azadnia A, Mikryukov V, Anslan S, Hagh-Doust N, Rahimlou S, Tamm H, Tedersoo L. Structure of plant-associated microeukaryotes in roots and leaves of aquatic and terrestrial plants revealed by blocking peptide-nucleic acid (PNA) amplification. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad152. [PMID: 38012113 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of plant-microbe interactions, including mutualistic, antagonistic, parasitic, or commensal microbes, have greatly benefited our understanding of ecosystem functioning. New molecular identification tools have increasingly revealed the association patterns between microorganisms and plants. Here, we integrated long-read PacBio single-molecule sequencing technology with a blocking protein-nucleic acid (PNA) approach to minimise plant amplicons in a survey of plant-eukaryotic microbe relationships in roots and leaves of different aquatic and terrestrial plants to determine patterns of organ, host, and habitat preferences. The PNA approach reduced the samples' relative amounts of plant reads and did not distort the fungal and other microeukaryotic composition. Our analyses revealed that the eukaryotic microbiomes associated with leaves and roots of aquatic plants exhibit a much larger proportion of non-fungal microorganisms than terrestrial plants, and leaf and root microbiomes are similar. Terrestrial plants had much stronger differentiation of leaf and root microbiomes and stronger partner specificity than aquatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avid Azadnia
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Vladimir Mikryukov
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Sten Anslan
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
- Mycology and Microbiology Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Niloufar Hagh-Doust
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
- Mycology and Microbiology Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Saleh Rahimlou
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Heidi Tamm
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
- Mycology and Microbiology Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
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Fang LR, Yang XC, Wu CY, Sun K, Megharaj M, He W. Endophytic Bacillus sp. R1 and Its Roles in Assisting Phytoremediation and Alleviating the Toxicity of Aluminum Combined Phenanthrene Contaminations in Brassica napus. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:397. [PMID: 37907801 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03493-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The release of organic and inorganic contaminants into soil from industry, agriculture, and urbanization has become a major issue of international concern, particularly the heavy metals such as aluminum (Al) and the chemical phenanthrene (PHE). Due to their potential toxicity and non-biodegrade in the environment, efficient remediation methods are urgently needed. Recently, research has comprehensively discussed using plants and their endophytes in bioremediation efforts. Endophytic Bacillus sp. R1, isolated from Brassica napus permanently contaminated with Al and PHE, has growth-promoting properties and can efficiently detoxify these contaminants. The pot experiment indicated that compared to the Al combined PHE contaminated soil alone treatment, the R1 treatment led to increased Al accumulation in canola roots across different levels of PHE, Al, and combined PHE and Al contamination. However, Al accumulation in canola shoots and seeds remained unchanged for all treatments. Moreover, PHE in canola roots and shoots was decreased by R1 inoculation and thereby reducing 26.12-60.61% PHE translocated into canola seeds. Additionally, R1 inoculation significantly increased the proportion of extractable Al and, decreased the proportion of acid-soluble inorganic Al and humic-acid Al, but did not affect the concentration of organically complexed Al. In summary, endophyte R1 can degrade PHE, improve canola roots' Al uptake by increasing soil available Al, and scavenge the reactive oxygen species through production of antioxidant enzymes to help alleviate the toxicity of canola co-contaminated with aluminum and phenanthrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Street, NanjingJiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Xue-Cheng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Street, NanjingJiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Chun-Ya Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Street, NanjingJiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Street, NanjingJiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle (UoN), Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Wei He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Street, NanjingJiangsu Province, 210023, China.
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Sharma M, Bharti S, Goswami A, Mallubhotla S. Diversity, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activity of Culturable Fungal Endophyte Communities in Cordia dichotoma. Molecules 2023; 28:6926. [PMID: 37836769 PMCID: PMC10574381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are a significant source of secondary metabolites, which are chemical compounds with biological activities. The present study emphasizes the first-time isolation and identification of such fungi and their pharmacological activities from the medicinal plant Cordia dichotoma, which is native to Jammu, India. The Shannon Wiener diversity index revealed a wide range of fungal endophytes in root (1.992), stem (1.645), and leaf (1.46) tissues. A total of 19 endophytic fungi belonging to nine different genera were isolated from this plant and the majority belonged to the Ascomycota phylum. ITS rRNA gene sequencing was used to identify the fungal strains and they were submitted in NCBI GenBank. The most potent fungal isolate Cladosporium cladosporioides OP870014 had strong antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activity against MCF-7, HCT-116, and PC-3 cancer cell lines. The LC-MS and GC-MS analyses of the ethyl acetate extract of C. cladosporioides were examined to identify the bioactive metabolites. The major compounds of the crude extract derived from C. cladosporioides OP870014, according to GC-MS, are spiculisporic acid; dibutyl phthalate; phenylethyl alcohol; cyclohexanone, 2,3,3-trimethyl-2-3-methylbutyl; pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione,hexahydro-3-(phenylmethyl);2,5-piperazinedione,3,6-bis(2-methylpropyl); and heneicosane which possessed antimicrobial, anticancerous, and antioxidant activities. The findings revealed that C. dichotoma has the capacity to host a wide variety of fungal endophytes and that secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus may be a source of alternative naturally occurring antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Sharma
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Kakryal, Katra 182320, India;
| | - Sahil Bharti
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; (S.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Anindya Goswami
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; (S.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Sharada Mallubhotla
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Kakryal, Katra 182320, India;
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Verma A, Rai N, Gupta P, Singh S, Tiwari H, Chauhan SB, Kailashiya V, Gautam V. Exploration of in vitro cytotoxic and in ovo antiangiogenic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium oxalicum. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2509-2523. [PMID: 37461856 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Fungal endophytes have established new paradigms in the area of biomedicine due to their ability to produce metabolites of pharmacological importance. The present study reports the in vitro cytotoxic and in ovo antiangiogenic activity of the ethyl acetate (EA) extract of Penicillium oxalicum and their chemical profiling through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Treatment of the EA extract of P. oxalicum to the selected human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) leads to the reduced glucose uptake and increased nitric oxide production suggesting the cytotoxic activity of EA extract of P. oxalicum. Our results further show that treatment of EA extract of P. oxalicum attenuates the colony number, cell migration ability and alters nuclear morphology in both the human breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the treatment of EA extract of P. oxalicum mediates apoptosis by increasing the expression of BAX, P21, FADD, and CASPASE-8 genes, with increased Caspase-3 activity. Additionally, in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay showed that the treatment of EA extract of P. oxalicum leads to antiangiogenic activity with perturbed formation of blood vessels. Overall, our findings suggest that the EA extract of P. oxalicum show in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer cell lines, and in ovo antiangiogenic activity in CAM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Harshita Tiwari
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Chauhan
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vikas Kailashiya
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Fanele A, Ndlovu SI. Endophytic fungal species Nigrospora oryzae and Alternaria alternata exhibit antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative multi-drug resistant clinical bacterial isolates. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:323. [PMID: 37715184 PMCID: PMC10504728 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the lack of new antimicrobial drugs is a major public health concern that needs urgent and innovative solutions. Endophytic fungi living in unique niches such as in endosymbiosis with plants are increasingly drawing attention as alternative sources of novel and chemically diverse compounds with unique mechanisms of action. METHODS In the present study, ten endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant, Sclerocarya birrea were screened for bioactivity against a panel of indicator bacteria. Three bioactive endophytic fungi (strains P02PL2, P02MS1, and P02MS2A) were selected and identified through ITS-rDNA sequencing. The whole broth extracts of the three selected isolates were further screened against contemporary drug-resistant bacterial pathogens. This was followed by partial purification by solid phase extraction and GC-MS analysis of bioactive fractions. RESULTS The bioactive endophytic fungi were identified as Alternaria alternata species (strains P02PL2 and P02MS1) and Nigrospora oryzae (strain P02MS2A). The whole broth extracts from N. oryzae P02MS2A exhibited a MIC of one μg/mL and 16 μg/mL against gram-negative, MDR Pseudomonas 5625574 and gram-positive MRSA 25775 clinical isolates, respectively. After partial purification and GC-MS analysis of whole broth extract from A. alternaria PO2MS1, 2-fluorobenzoic acid heptadecyl was putatively identified as the active compound in fraction C of this extract. This compound was also putatively identified in fraction E of A. alternata P02PL2, fraction B of A. alternata P02MS1 and fraction B of N. oryzae P02MS2A, and interestingly, all these fractions retained activity against the two MDR clinical isolates. CONCLUSION The putative identification of 2-fluorobenzoic acid heptadecyl compound showing a broad-spectrum of activity, more especially against gram-negative MDR contemporary pathogens is highly encouraging in the initiative at developing novel drugs to combat multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiphe Fanele
- Discipline of Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sizwe I Ndlovu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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11
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Wang M, Yang R, Chen Y, Ni D, Bi D, Li Q, Huang J, Wang H, Wang W, Li H, Xiao W. Two New Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpene from Clonostachys sp. Y6-1and Their Cytotoxic Activity. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300953. [PMID: 37486326 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Two undescribed eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids together with four known compounds were isolated from Clonostachys sp. Y6-1 associated. Their chemical structures were unambiguously determined by NMR, mass spectrometry, and 13 C-NMR calculation as well as DP4+ probability analyses. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by ECD calculation and X-ray single-crystal diffraction methods. Furthermore, all isolates were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities against MCF-7, HCT-116, MDA-MB-231, and SW620 cancer cells. Among them, bioactivity evaluation of compound 5 revealed that weak activity (IC50 =66.55±0.82 μM) against SW620.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Run Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650031, P. R. China
| | - Yuansi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Dongxuan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Dewen Bi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650031, P. R. China
| | - Jiabi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Weiguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650031, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Weilie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education,Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
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12
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Verma A, Tiwari H, Singh S, Gupta P, Rai N, Kumar Singh S, Singh BP, Rao S, Gautam V. Epigenetic manipulation for secondary metabolite activation in endophytic fungi: current progress and future directions. Mycology 2023; 14:275-291. [PMID: 38187885 PMCID: PMC10769123 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2241486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes have emerged as a promising source of secondary metabolites with significant potential for various applications in the field of biomedicine. The biosynthetic gene clusters of endophytic fungi are responsible for encoding several enzymes and transcriptional factors that are involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The investigation of fungal metabolic potential at genetic level faces certain challenges, including the synthesis of appropriate amounts of chemicals, and loss of the ability of fungal endophytes to produce secondary metabolites in an artificial culture medium. Therefore, there is a need to delve deeper into the field of fungal genomics and transcriptomics to explore the potential of fungal endophytes in generating secondary metabolites governed by biosynthetic gene clusters. The silent biosynthetic gene clusters can be activated by modulating the chromatin structure using chemical compounds. Epigenetic modification plays a significant role by inducing cryptic gene responsible for the production of secondary metabolites using DNA methyl transferase and histone deacetylase. CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing emerges an effective tool to enhance the production of desired metabolites by modulating gene expression. This review primarily focuses on the significance of epigenetic elicitors and their capacity to boost the production of secondary metabolites from endophytes. This article holds the potential to rejuvenate the drug discovery pipeline by introducing new chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Harshita Tiwari
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Department of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences (AES), National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship & Management (NIFTEM), Sonepat, India
| | - Sombir Rao
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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13
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Eshboev F, Karakozova M, Abdurakhmanov J, Bobakulov K, Dolimov K, Abdurashidov A, Baymirzaev A, Makhnyov A, Terenteva E, Sasmakov S, Piyakina G, Egamberdieva D, Nazarov PA, Azimova S. Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Secondary Metabolites of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Medicinal Plant Hyssopus officinalis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1201. [PMID: 37508297 PMCID: PMC10376753 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, it is estimated that by 2050, drug-resistant infections could cause up to 10 million deaths annually. Therefore, finding a new generation of antibiotics is crucial. Natural compounds from endophytic fungi are considered a potential source of new-generation antibiotics. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of ethyl acetate extracts of nine endophytic fungal isolates obtained from Hyssopus officinalis were investigated for bioassay-guided isolation of the natural compounds. An extract of isolate VII showed the highest antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (30.12 ± 0.20 mm and 35.21 ± 0.20 mm) and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.41 ± 0.23 mm and 25.12 ± 0.25 mm) among the tested extracts of isolates. Molecular identification of isolate VII confirmed it as Chaetomium elatum based on sequencing of its ITS genes, and it was discovered that this was the first time C. elatum had been isolated from H. officinalis. This isolate was cultured at a large scale for the isolation and identification of the active compound. Penicillic acid was isolated for the first time from C. elatum and its chemical structure was established by NMR spectroscopy. The penicillic acid showed strong antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with 20.68 mm and 25.51 mm inhibition zones, respectively. In addition, MIC and MBC values and antibiofilm activities of penicillic acid were determined. It was found that penicillic acid reduced the level of biofilms in proportion to antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkhod Eshboev
- S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
- School of Chemical Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, 54 Mustaqillik Ave, Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan
- "Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers" National Research University, 39 Kori Niyoziy Str., Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
| | - Marina Karakozova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jaloliddin Abdurakhmanov
- S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Khayrulla Bobakulov
- S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
- "Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers" National Research University, 39 Kori Niyoziy Str., Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
| | - Khayotjon Dolimov
- S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Akhror Abdurashidov
- S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Asadali Baymirzaev
- S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Artyom Makhnyov
- S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Ekaterina Terenteva
- S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Sobirdjan Sasmakov
- S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Galina Piyakina
- S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
| | - Dilfuza Egamberdieva
- "Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers" National Research University, 39 Kori Niyoziy Str., Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan
- Medical School, Central Asian University, Tashkent 111221, Uzbekistan
| | - Pavel A Nazarov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Shakhnoz Azimova
- S.Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 77 Mirzo Ulugbek Str., Tashkent 100170, Uzbekistan
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14
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Nguyen GT, Nguyen HTH, Tran HT, Tran HT, Ho AN, Tran QH, Pham NB. Enhanced podophyllotoxin production of endophyte Fusarium proliferatum TQN5T by host extract and phenylalanine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12659-1. [PMID: 37436482 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Fermentation technology using endophytes is considered a potential alternative approach for producing pharmaceutical compounds like podophyllotoxin (PTOX). In this study, fungus TQN5T (VCCM 44284) was selected from endophytic fungi isolated from Dysosma versipellis in Vietnam for PTOX production through TLC. The presence of PTOX in TQN5T was further confirmed by HPLC. Molecular identification indicated TQN5T as Fusarium proliferatum with 99.43% identity. This result was asserted by morphological characteristics such as white cottony, filamentous colony, layer and branched mycelium, and clear hyphae septa. Cytotoxic assay indicated both biomass extract and culture filtrate of TQN5T presented strong cytotoxicity on LU-1 and HepG2 with IC50 of 0.11, 0.20, 0.041, and 0071, respectively, implying anti-cancer compounds were accumulated in the mycelium and secreted into the medium. Further, the production of PTOX in TQN5T was investigated in the fermentation condition supplemented with 10 µg/ml of host plant extract or phenylalanine as elicitors. The results revealed a significantly higher amount of PTOX in the PDB + PE and PDB + PA at all studied time points in comparison with PDB (control). Especially, after 168 h of culture, PTOX content in the PDB with plant extract reached the peak with 314 µg/g DW which is 10% higher than the best yield of PTOX in previous studies, denoting F. proliferatum TQN5T as a promising PTOX producer. This is the first study on enhancing the PTOX production in endophytic fungi by supplementing phenylalanine-a precursor for PTOX biosynthesis in plants into fermented media, suggesting a common PTOX biosynthetic pathway between host plant and endophytes. KEY POINTS: • Fusarium proliferatum TQN5T was proven for PTOX production. • Both mycelia extract and spent broth extract of Fusarium proliferatum TQN5T presented strong cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines LU-1 and HepG2. • The supplementation of 10 µg/ml host plant extract and phenylalanine into fermentation media of F. proliferatum TQN5T improved the yield of PTOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Thu Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Thi Hong Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Thi Tran
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huyen Thi Tran
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Ngoc Ho
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quang Ho Tran
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Bich Pham
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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15
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Tiwari H, Rai N, Singh S, Gupta P, Verma A, Singh AK, Kajal, Salvi P, Singh SK, Gautam V. Recent Advances in Nanomaterials-Based Targeted Drug Delivery for Preclinical Cancer Diagnosis and Therapeutics. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:760. [PMID: 37508788 PMCID: PMC10376516 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-oncology is a branch of biomedical research and engineering that focuses on using nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials are extensively employed in the field of oncology because of their minute size and ultra-specificity. A wide range of nanocarriers, such as dendrimers, micelles, PEGylated liposomes, and polymeric nanoparticles are used to facilitate the efficient transport of anti-cancer drugs at the target tumor site. Real-time labeling and monitoring of cancer cells using quantum dots is essential for determining the level of therapy needed for treatment. The drug is targeted to the tumor site either by passive or active means. Passive targeting makes use of the tumor microenvironment and enhanced permeability and retention effect, while active targeting involves the use of ligand-coated nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is being used to diagnose the early stage of cancer by detecting cancer-specific biomarkers using tumor imaging. The implication of nanotechnology in cancer therapy employs photoinduced nanosensitizers, reverse multidrug resistance, and enabling efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 and RNA molecules for therapeutic applications. However, despite recent advancements in nano-oncology, there is a need to delve deeper into the domain of designing and applying nanoparticles for improved cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Tiwari
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Swati Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Kajal
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, India
| | - Prafull Salvi
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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16
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Stelmasiewicz M, Świątek Ł, Gibbons S, Ludwiczuk A. Bioactive Compounds Produced by Endophytic Microorganisms Associated with Bryophytes—The “Bryendophytes”. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073246. [PMID: 37050009 PMCID: PMC10096483 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutualistic coexistence between the host and endophyte is diverse and complex, including host growth regulation, the exchange of substances like nutrients or biostimulants, and protection from microbial or herbivore attack. The latter is commonly associated with the production by endophytes of bioactive natural products, which also possess multiple activities, including antibacterial, insecticidal, antioxidant, antitumor, and antidiabetic properties, making them interesting and valuable model substances for future development into drugs. The endophytes of higher plants have been extensively studied, but there is a dearth of information on the biodiversity of endophytic microorganisms associated with bryophytes and, more importantly, their bioactive metabolites. For the first time, we name bryophyte endophytes “bryendophytes” to elaborate on this important and productive source of biota. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the diversity of compounds produced by endophytes, emphasizing bioactive molecules from bryendophytes. Moreover, the isolation methods and biodiversity of bryendophytes from mosses, liverworts, and hornworts are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Stelmasiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy with the Medicinal Plant Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Świątek
- Department of Virology with Viral Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery (CNPD), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Agnieszka Ludwiczuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy with the Medicinal Plant Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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17
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Papadopoulou EA, Angelis A, Skaltsounis AL, Aliferis KA. GC/EI/MS and 1H NMR Metabolomics Reveal the Effect of an Olive Tree Endophytic Bacillus sp. Lipopeptide Extract on the Metabolism of Colletotrichum acutatum. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040462. [PMID: 37110121 PMCID: PMC10142168 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition to the Green Deal era requires the discovery of alternative sources of bioactivity and an in-depth understanding of their toxicity to target and non-target organisms. Endophytes have recently emerged as a source of bioactivity of high potential for applications in plant protection, used either per se as biological control agents or their metabolites as bioactive compounds. The olive tree endophytic isolate Bacillus sp. PTA13 produces an array of bioactive lipopeptides (LPs), which additionally exhibit reduced phytotoxicity, features that make them candidates for further research focusing on olive tree plant protection. Here, GC/EI/MS and 1H NMR metabolomics were employed to study the toxicity of a Bacillus sp. PTA13 LP extract on the olive tree pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum, which causes the devastating disease olive anthracnose. The discovery of resistant isolates of the pathogen to the applied fungicides makes the research on the development of improved sources of bioactivity of paramount importance. Analyses revealed that the applied extract affects the metabolism of the fungus by interfering with the biosynthesis of various metabolites and its energy production. LPs had a great impact on the aromatic amino acid metabolism, the energy equilibrium of the fungus and its fatty acid content. Additionally, the applied LPs affected the levels of pathogenesis-related metabolites, a finding that supports their potential for further research as plant protection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia-Anna Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A Aliferis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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18
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Tammam MA, Gamal El-Din MI, Abood A, El-Demerdash A. Recent advances in the discovery, biosynthesis, and therapeutic potential of isocoumarins derived from fungi: a comprehensive update. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8049-8089. [PMID: 36909763 PMCID: PMC9999372 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08245d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms still remain the main hotspots in the global drug discovery avenue. In particular, fungi are highly prolific producers of vast structurally diverse specialized secondary metabolites, which have displayed a myriad of biomedical potentials. Intriguingly, isocoumarins is one distinctive class of fungal natural products polyketides, which demonstrated numerous remarkable biological and pharmacological activities. This review article provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art over the period 2000-2022 about the discovery, isolation, classifications, and therapeutic potentials of isocoumarins exclusively reported from fungi. Indeed, a comprehensive list of 351 structurally diverse isocoumarins were documented and classified according to their fungal sources [16 order/28 family/55 genera] where they have been originally discovered along with their reported pharmacological activities wherever applicable. Also, recent insights around their proposed and experimentally proven biosynthetic pathways are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Tammam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University Fayoum 63514 Egypt
| | - Mariam I Gamal El-Din
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Amira Abood
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Center Dokki Cairo Egypt
- School of Bioscience, University of Kent Canterbury UK
| | - Amr El-Demerdash
- Organic Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH UK
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19
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Ramírez-Villalobos JM, Gomez-Flores R, Velázquez-Flores PV, Morán-Santibáñez KS, Tamez-Guerra P, Pérez-González O, de la Garza-Ramos MA, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Romo-Sáenz CI. Effect of Culture Conditions of Lophocereus marginatus Endophytic Fungi on Yield and Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20053948. [PMID: 36900961 PMCID: PMC10001847 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Culture conditions affect the production of secondary metabolites in endophytic fungi. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the yield and anticancer and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi extracts from the cactus Lophocereus marginatus, under different culture conditions. The strains Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus versicolor, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Cladosporium sp. were fermented in different culture media (potato dextrose agar, Czapeck broth, and malt broth), types of inoculums (spore or mycelium), and shaking conditions (150 rpm or static) for one week. Methanol extracts were obtained from mycelia, which was followed by determining their yields and evaluating their effect on L5178Y-R murine lymphoma cells growth and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) viability, using the 3-[4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl]2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction colorimetric assay. In addition, antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test. We determined the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of tumor cell growth inhibition, the selectivity index (SI), and the antioxidant activity, as compared with the healthy cells control. The best yields were obtained with the Czapeck broth medium in all the evaluated strains, reaching values of 50.3%. Of the 48 extracts evaluated, only seven significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited tumor cell growth (IC50 < 250 µg/mL). A. versicolor extract showed the highest anticancer activity, after culturing spores (IC50 = 49.62 µg/mL; SI = 15.8) or mycelium (IC50 = 69.67 µg/mL; SI = 12.2) in malt broth, under static conditions. Extracts did not present significant antioxidant activity. In conclusion, we showed that culture conditions influenced the anticancer activity of L. marginatus endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesica María Ramírez-Villalobos
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Priscilla Viridiana Velázquez-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Karla Selene Morán-Santibáñez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Orquídea Pérez-González
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Myriam Angélica de la Garza-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño y Silao S/N, Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - César Iván Romo-Sáenz
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
- Universidad Emiliano Zapata, Avenida Rodrigo Gómez, Sector Heroico S/N, Monterrey 64260, Mexico
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20
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Rai N, Gupta P, Verma A, Singh SK, Gautam V. Isolation and characterization of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamide from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with apoptosis-inducing potential in breast cancer cells. Biofactors 2023. [PMID: 36744732 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are a well-established reservoir of bioactive compounds that are pharmaceutically valuable and therefore, contribute significantly to the biomedical field. The present study aims to identify the bioactive anticancer compound from ethyl acetate extract of fungal endophyte, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides associated with the leaf of the medicinal plant Oroxylum indicum. The fatty acid amide compound N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamide (Palmitoylethanolamide; PEA) was identified using antioxidant activity-guided fractionation assisted with tandem liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. In-Silico molecular docking analysis showed that PEA potentially docked to the active sites of apoptosis-inducing proteins including BAX, BCL-2, P21, and P53. Further validation was done using in vitro study that showed PEA inhibitsthe proliferation, alters nuclear morphology and attenuates the wound closure ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. PEA induces apoptosis via upregulating cell-cycle arrest (P21), tumor suppression (P53), pro-apoptotic (BAX, CASPASE-8, and FADD) genes, and downregulating anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2. The upregulation of the active form of Caspase-3 was also reported. This is the first-ever report for the isolation of PEA from C. gloeosporioides with anticancer activity against human breast cancer cells and therefore holds great potential for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Antifeedant and larvicidal activity of bioactive compounds isolated from entomopathogenic fungi Penicillium sp. for the control of agricultural and medically important insect pest (Spodoptera litura and Culex quinquefasciatus). Parasitol Int 2023; 92:102688. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Rai N, Gupta P, Verma A, Tiwari RK, Madhukar P, Kamble SC, Kumar A, Kumar R, Singh SK, Gautam V. Ethyl Acetate Extract of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Promotes Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3768-3784. [PMID: 36743019 PMCID: PMC9893742 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are known to be a paragon for producing bioactive compounds with a variety of pharmacological importance. The current study aims to elucidate the molecular alterations induced by the bioactive compounds produced by the fungal endophyte Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in the tumor microenvironment of human breast cancer cells. GC/MS analysis of the ethyl acetate (EA) extract of C. gloeosporioides revealed the presence of bioactive compounds with anticancer activity. The EA extract of C. gloeosporioides exerted potential plasmid DNA protective activity against hydroxyl radicals of Fenton's reagent. The cytotoxic activity further revealed that MDA-MB-231 cells exhibit more sensitivity toward the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides as compared to MCF-7 cells, whereas non-toxic to non-cancerous HEK293T cells. Furthermore, the anticancer activity demonstrated by the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides was studied by assessing nuclear morphometric analysis and induction of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The EA extract of C. gloeosporioides causes the alteration in cellular and nuclear morphologies, chromatin condensation, long-term colony inhibition, and inhibition of cell migration and proliferation ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The study also revealed that the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides treated cells undergoes apoptosis by increased production of reactive oxygen species and significant deficit in mitochondrial membrane potential. Our study also showed that the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides causes upregulation of pro-apoptotic (BAX, PARP, CASPASE-8, and FADD), cell cycle arrest (P21), and tumor suppressor (P53) related genes. Additionally, the downregulation of antiapoptotic genes (BCL-2 and SURVIVIN) and increased Caspase-3 activity suggest the induction of apoptosis in the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides treated MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that the bioactive compounds present in the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides promotes apoptosis by altering the genes related to the extrinsic as well as the intrinsic pathway. Further in vivo study in breast cancer models is required to validate the in vitro observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Rai
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajan Kumar Tiwari
- Department
of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Prasoon Madhukar
- Infectious
Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of
Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi221005, India
| | - Swapnil C. Kamble
- Department
of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department
of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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23
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Functional Endophytes Regulating Plant Secondary Metabolism: Current Status, Prospects and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021153. [PMID: 36674663 PMCID: PMC9867233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes, which are widely found in host plants and have no harmful effects, are a vital biological resource. Plant endophytes promote plant growth and enhance plants' resistance to diseases, pests, and environmental stresses. In addition, they enhance the synthesis of important secondary metabolites in plants and improve the potential applicability of plants in agriculture, medicine, food, and horticulture. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in understanding the interaction between endophytes and plants and summarize the construction of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) and metaomics analysis of the interaction between endophytes and plants. The application and development prospects of endophytes in agriculture, medicine, and other industries are also discussed to provide a reference for further study of the interaction between endophytes and plants and further development and utilization of endophytes.
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24
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Niu L, Qin X, Wang L, Guo N, Cao H, Li H, Zhao C, Wang H, Fu Y. Upgrading the accumulation of ginsenoside Rd in Panax notoginseng by a novel glycosidase-producing endophytic fungus G11-7. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 68:441-452. [PMID: 36571675 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-01020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel endophytic fungus producing beta-glucosidase was isolated and characterized from pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.), which has excellent properties in converting ginsenoside Rb1 to ginsenoside Rd in Panax notoginseng. According to the 16S rDNA gene sequence, the G11-7 strain was identified as Fusarium proliferatum, and the accession number KY303906 was confirmed in GenBank. The G11-7 immobilized spores, in which the activity of beta-glucosidase could reach 0.95 U/mL, were co-cultured with P. notoginseng plant material to obtain a continuous beta-glucosidase supply for the biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd. Under the liquid-solid ratio (20:1), initial pH (6.0), and temperature (30 °C) constituents, the maximum ginsenoside Rd yield was obtained as 9.15 ± 0.65 mg/g, which was 3.67-fold higher than that without fungal spore co-culture (2.49 ± 0.98 mg/g). Furthermore, immobilized G11-7 spores showed significant beta-glucosidase producing ability which could be recovered and reused for 6 cycles. Overall, these results suggested that immobilized G11-7 offered a promising and effective approach to enhance the production of ginsenoside Rd for possible nutraceutical and pharmaceutical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Niu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.,Medicinal Plant Cultivation Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangyu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Litao Wang
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Guo
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanghang Li
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China. .,The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Gupta P, Rai N, Verma A, Saikia D, Singh SP, Kumar R, Singh SK, Kumar D, Gautam V. Green-Based Approach to Synthesize Silver Nanoparticles Using the Fungal Endophyte Penicillium oxalicum and Their Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and In Vitro Anticancer Potential. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46653-46673. [PMID: 36570288 PMCID: PMC9774420 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A green-based approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles has gained tremendous attention in biomedical applications. Fungal endophytes have been recognized as a remarkable biological source for the synthesis of potential nanodrugs. The present study focuses on the fabrication of silver nanoparticles using the fungal endophyte Penicillium oxalicum (POAgNPs) associated with the leaf of the Amoora rohituka plant. Sharp UV-visible spectra at 420 nm appeared due to the surface plasmon resonance of POAgNPs and the reduction of silver salt. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups of bioactive compounds of P. oxalicum responsible for the reduction of silver salt and validated the synthesis of POAgNPs. A high degree of crystallinity was revealed through XRD analysis, and microscopy-based characterizations such as AFM, TEM, and FESEM showed uniformly distributed, and spherically shaped nanoparticles. Furthermore, POAgNPs showed a potential inhibitory effect against bacterial and fungal strains of pathogenic nature. POAgNPs also exhibited potential antioxidant activity against the synthetically generated free radicals such as DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide with EC50 values of 9.034 ± 0.449, 56.378 ± 1.137, 34.094 ± 1.944, and 61.219 ± 0.69 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, POAgNPs exhibited cytotoxic potential against the breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 with IC50 values of 20.080 ± 0.761 and 40.038 ± 1.022 μg/mL, respectively. POAgNPs showed anticancer potential through inhibition of wound closure and by altering the nuclear morphology of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Further anticancer activity revealed that POAgNPs induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells by differential expression of genes related to apoptosis, tumor suppression, and cell cycle arrest and increased the level of Caspase-3. The novel study showed that P. oxalicum-mediated silver nanoparticles exhibit potential biological activity, which can be exploited as nanodrugs in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute
of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Nilesh Rai
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute
of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute
of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dimple Saikia
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad 580011, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad 580011, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute
of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute
of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department
of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute
of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Khayat MT, Mohammad KA, Mohamed GA, Safo MK, Ibrahim SRM. Integracides: Tetracyclic Triterpenoids from Fusarium sp.-Their 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Potential and Structure-Activity Relation Using In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122095. [PMID: 36556460 PMCID: PMC9782297 DOI: 10.3390/life12122095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complicated disorder that is produced as a result of consecutive processes. 5-LOX (5-lipoxygenase) is accountable for various inflammation mediators and leukotrienes synthesis, and its inhibition is the target of anti-inflammation therapeutics. Fungi have acquired enormous attentiveness because of their capability to biosynthesize novel bio-metabolites that reveal diversified bio-activities. A new tetracyclic triterpenoid, integracide L (1), along with integracides B (2) and F (3), were separated from Mentha longifolia-associated Fusarium sp. (FS No. MAR2014). Their structures were verified utilizing varied spectral analyses. The isolated metabolites (1-3), alongside the earlier reported integracides G (4), H (5), and J (6), were inspected for 5-LOX inhibition capacity. Interestingly, 1-6 possessed marked 5-LOX inhibition potentials with IC50s ranging from 1.18 to 3.97 μM compared to zileuton (IC50 1.17 µM). Additionally, molecular docking was executed to examine the interaction among these metabolites and 5-LOX, as well as to validate the in vitro findings. The docking study revealed their inhibitory activity interactions in the binding pocket. These findings highlighted the potential of integracides as lead metabolites for anti-inflammation drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maan T. Khayat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-555543053
| | - Khadijah A. Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A. Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin K. Safo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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27
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da Silva LF, de Pádua APSL, de Oliveira Ferro L, Agamez-Montalvo GS, Bezerra JDP, Moreira KA, de Souza-Motta CM. Cacti as low-cost substrates to produce L-asparaginase by endophytic fungi. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:247. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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28
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The Neuroprotective Potential of Endophytic Fungi and Proposed Molecular Mechanism: A Current Update. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6214264. [PMID: 36217430 PMCID: PMC9547681 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6214264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people are affected by neuronal disorders that are emerging as a principal cause of death after cancer. Alzheimer's disease, ataxia, Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and autism comprise the most common ones, being accompanied by loss of cognitive power, impaired balance, and movement. In past decades, natural polyphenols obtained from different sources including bacteria, fungi, and plants have been utilized in the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of several ailments. Endophytes are one such natural producer of secondary metabolites, namely, polyphenols, which exhibit strong abilities to assist in the management of such affections, through modifying multiple therapeutic targets and weaken their complex physiology. Limited research has been conducted in detail on bioactive compounds present in the endophytic fungi and their neuroprotective effects. Therefore, this review aims to provide an update on scientific evidences related to the pharmacological and clinical potential along with proposed molecular mechanism of action of endophytes for neuronal protection.
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Coumarins as Fungal Metabolites with Potential Medicinal Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091156. [PMID: 36139936 PMCID: PMC9495007 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarins are a structurally varied set of 2H-chromen-2-one compounds categorized also as members of the benzopyrone group of secondary metabolites. Coumarin derivatives attract interest owing to their wide practical application and the unique reactivity of fused benzene and pyrone ring systems in molecular structure. Coumarins have their own specific fingerprints as antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiadipogenic, cytotoxic, apoptosis, antitumor, antitubercular, and cytotoxicity agents. Natural products have played an essential role in filling the pharmaceutical pipeline for thousands of years. Biological effects of natural coumarins have laid the basis of low-toxic and highly effective drugs. Presently, more than 1300 coumarins have been identified in plants, bacteria, and fungi. Fungi as cultivated microbes have provided many of the nature-inspired syntheses of chemically diverse drugs. Endophytic fungi bioactivities attract interest, with applications in fields as diverse as cancer and neuronal injury or degeneration, microbial and parasitic infections, and others. Fungal mycelia produce several classes of bioactive molecules, including a wide group of coumarins. Of promise are further studies of conditions and products of the natural and synthetic coumarins’ biotransformation by the fungal cultures, aimed at solving the urgent problem of searching for materials for biomedical engineering. The present review evaluates the fungal coumarins, their structure-related peculiarities, and their future therapeutic potential. Special emphasis has been placed on the coumarins successfully bioprospected from fungi, whereas an industry demand for the same coumarins earlier found in plants has faced hurdles. Considerable attention has also been paid to some aspects of the molecular mechanisms underlying the coumarins’ biological activity. The compounds are selected and grouped according to their cytotoxic, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and miscellaneous effects.
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30
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Papadopoulou EA, Giaki K, Angelis A, Skaltsounis AL, Aliferis KA. A Metabolomic Approach to Assess the Toxicity of the Olive Tree Endophyte Bacillus sp. PTA13 Lipopeptides to the Aquatic Macrophyte Lemna minor L. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10090494. [PMID: 36136459 PMCID: PMC9505422 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides represent a major human input into the ecosystem, posing a serious risk to non-target organisms. Therefore, there is pressure toward the reduction in their use and the discovery of alternative sources of bioactivity. Endophytic microorganisms represent a source of bioactivity, whose potential for plant protection has been recently established. In this context, an olive tree endophytic Bacillus sp. was isolated, exhibiting superior antifungal activity, mainly attributed to its major surfactin, iturin, and fengycin and the minor gageotetrin and bacilotetrin groups of lipopeptides (LP). Based on the potential of LP and the lack of information on their toxicity to aquatic organisms, we have investigated the toxicity of an LP extract to the model macrophyte Lemna minor L. The extract exhibited low phytotoxicity (EC50 = 419 μg·mL-1), and for the investigation of its effect on the plant, GC/EI/MS metabolomics was applied following exposure to sub-lethal doses (EC25 and EC50). Results revealed a general disturbance of plants' biosynthetic capacity in response to LP treatments, with substantial effect on the amino acid pool and the defense mechanism regulated by jasmonate. There are no previous reports on the phytotoxicity of LP to L. minor, with evidence supporting their improved toxicological profile and potential in plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia-Anna Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Giaki
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis Angelis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A. Aliferis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography: Isolation of natural chemical compounds for identification and characterization. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mohamed H, Ebrahim W, El-Neketi M, Awad MF, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Song Y. In Vitro Phytobiological Investigation of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from the Malus domestica-Derived Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus tubingensis Strain AN103. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123762. [PMID: 35744888 PMCID: PMC9228098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi including black aspergilli have the potential to synthesize multiple bioactive secondary metabolites. Therefore, the search for active metabolites from endophytic fungi against pathogenic microbes has become a necessity for alternative and promising strategies. In this study, 25 endophytic fungal isolates associated with Malus domestica were isolated, grown, and fermented on a solid rice medium. Subsequently, their ethyl acetate crude extracts were pretested for biological activity. One endophytic fungal isolate demonstrated the highest activity and was chosen for further investigation. Based on its phenotypic, ITS ribosomal gene sequences, and phylogenetic characterization, this isolate was identified as Aspergillus tubingensis strain AN103 with the accession number (KR184138). Chemical investigations of its fermented cultures yielded four compounds: Pyranonigrin A (1), Fonsecin (2), TMC 256 A1 (3), and Asperazine (4). Furthermore, 1H-NMR, HPLC, and LC-MS were performed for the identification and structure elucidation of these metabolites. The isolated pure compounds showed moderate-to-potent antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (MIC value ranged from 31 and 121 to 14.5 and 58.3 μg/mL), respectively; in addition, the time−kill kinetics for the highly sensitive bacteria against isolated compounds was also investigated. The antifungal activity results show that (3) and (4) had the maximum effect against Fusarium solani and A. niger with inhibition zones of 16.40 ± 0.55 and 16.20 ± 0.20 mm, respectively, and (2) had the best effect against Candida albicans, with an inhibition zone of 17.8 ± 1.35 mm. Moreover, in a cytotoxicity assay against mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y, (4) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity (49% inhibition), whereas (1−3) reported weak cytotoxicity (15, 26, and 19% inhibition), respectively. Our results reveal that these compounds might be useful to develop potential cytotoxic and antimicrobial drugs and an alternative source for various medical and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mohamed
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-156-5330-1370 (H.M.); +86-139-0617-4047 (Y.S.)
| | - Weaam Ebrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (W.E.); (M.E.-N.)
| | - Mona El-Neketi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (W.E.); (M.E.-N.)
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huaiyuan Zhang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yao Zhang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-156-5330-1370 (H.M.); +86-139-0617-4047 (Y.S.)
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Yan BC, Wang WG, Kong LM, Tang JW, Du X, Li Y, Puno PT. Cytochalasans from the Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis sp. shj2 and Their Antimigratory Activities. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050543. [PMID: 35628798 PMCID: PMC9143583 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochalasans from the endophytic fungi featured structure diversity. Our previous study has disclosed that cytochalasans from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. shj2 exhibited an antimigratory effect. Further chemical investigation on Phomopsis sp. shj2 has led to the discovery of seven new cytochalasans (1–7), together with four known ones. Their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic data interpretation and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1–3 and 8–11 exhibited antimigratory effects against MDA-MB-231 in vitro with IC50 values in the range of 1.01−10.42 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (B.-C.Y.); (W.-G.W.); (L.-M.K.); (J.-W.T.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Guang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (B.-C.Y.); (W.-G.W.); (L.-M.K.); (J.-W.T.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ling-Mei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (B.-C.Y.); (W.-G.W.); (L.-M.K.); (J.-W.T.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jian-Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (B.-C.Y.); (W.-G.W.); (L.-M.K.); (J.-W.T.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (B.-C.Y.); (W.-G.W.); (L.-M.K.); (J.-W.T.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (B.-C.Y.); (W.-G.W.); (L.-M.K.); (J.-W.T.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Pema-Tenzin Puno
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (B.-C.Y.); (W.-G.W.); (L.-M.K.); (J.-W.T.); (X.D.); (Y.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
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Tan WN, Nagarajan K, Lim V, Azizi J, Khaw KY, Tong WY, Leong CR, Chear NJY. Metabolomics Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Endophytic Diaporthe fraxini ED2 Grown in Different Culture Media. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8050519. [PMID: 35628774 PMCID: PMC9144047 DOI: 10.3390/jof8050519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are a promising source of bioactive metabolites with a wide range of pharmacological activities. In the present study, MS-based metabolomics was conducted to study the metabolomes variations of endophytic Diaporthe fraxini ED2 grown in different culture media. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were conducted to assess the antioxidant potential of the fungal extracts. Multivariate data analysis (MVDA) was employed in data analysis and interpretation to elucidate the complex metabolite profile. The supplemented culture medium of D. fraxini fungal extract stimulated the production of metabolites not occurring in the normal culture medium. Antioxidant activity studies revealed the potential of supplemented cultured fungal extract of D. fraxini as a source of antioxidants. The present findings highlight that fungal culture medium supplementation is an effective approach to unravelling the hidden metabolome in plant-associated fungal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Nee Tan
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (W.-N.T.); (J.A.)
| | - Kashvintha Nagarajan
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Juzaili Azizi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (W.-N.T.); (J.A.)
| | - Kooi-Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Woei-Yenn Tong
- Branch Campus Institute of Medical Science Technology (MESTECH), Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Chean-Ring Leong
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (MICET), Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah 78000, Melaka, Malaysia;
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Raghav D, Jyoti A, Siddiqui AJ, Saxena J. Plant associated endophytic fungi as potential bio-factories for extracellular enzymes: Progress, Challenges and Strain improvement with precision approaches. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:287-310. [PMID: 35396804 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an intricate network of relations between endophytic fungi and their hosts that affects the production of various bioactive compounds. Plant-associated endophytic contain industrially important enzymes and have the potential to fulfill their rapid demand in the international market to boost business in technology. Being safe and metabolically active, they have replaced the usage of toxic and harmful chemicals and hold a credible application in biotransformation, bioremediation, and industrial processes. Despite these, there are limited reports on fungal endophytes that can directly cater to the demand and supply of industrially stable enzymes. The underlying reasons include low endogenous production and secretion of enzymes from fungal endophytes which have raised concern for widely accepted applications. Hence it is imperative to augment the biosynthetic and secretory potential of fungal endophytes. Modern state-of-the-art biotechnological technologies aiming at strain improvement using cell factory engineering as well as precise gene editing like Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and its Associated proteins (Cas) systems which can provide a boost in fungal endophyte enzyme production. Additionally, it is vital to characterize optimum conditions to grow one strain with multiple enzymes (OSME). The present review encompasses various plants-derived endophytic fungal enzymes and their applications in various sectors. Further, we postulate the feasibility of new precision approaches with an aim for strain improvement and enhanced enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyangi Raghav
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, SAS, Nagar, Punjab
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, P O Box, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juhi Saxena
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, SAS, Nagar, Punjab
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The diversity of bacterial endophytes from Iris pseudacorus L. and their plant beneficial traits. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100133. [PMID: 35909614 PMCID: PMC9325737 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the diversity of cultivable endophytic bacteria associated with yellow iris (Iris pseudacorus L.) by using 16S rRNA gene analysis and their plant beneficial traits. The 16S rRNA sequence similarities of endophytic bacteria isolated from the leaves and roots of yellow iris showed that the isolates belonged to the genera Staphylococcus, Streptomyces, Variovorax, Pantoea, Paenibacillus, Bacillus, Janthinobacterium, Enterobacter, Brevibacterium, Agrobacterium, Rhizobium, Xanthomonas translucens, and Pseudomonas. The endophytic bacteria Pseudomonas gessardii HRT18, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans HRT8, Streptomyces atratus HRT13, and Bacillus toyonensis HST13 exhibited antimicrobial activity against five plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Botrytis, Pythium, and Alternaria. They also demonstrated the capability to produce chitinase, protease, glucanase, lipase, HCN, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Thirteen isolates (46%) produced IAA, and the most active IAA producers were Bacillus cereus, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Agrobacterium vitis, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus aryabhattai. The IAA producing bacterial isolates stimulated root and shoot growth of garden cress. Our findings suggest that medicinal plants could be a promising source for isolating plant-beneficial bacteria that can be used to enhance the growth and protect plants against soil-borne pathogens.
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Rai N, Gupta P, Keshri PK, Verma A, Mishra P, Kumar D, Kumar A, Singh SK, Gautam V. Fungal Endophytes: an Accessible Source of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Anticancer Activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3296-3319. [PMID: 35349089 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes either be bacteria, fungi, or actinomycetes colonize inside the tissue of host plants without showing any immediate negative effects on them. Among numerous natural alternative sources, fungal endophytes produce a wide range of structurally diverse bioactive metabolites including anticancer compounds. Considering the production of bioactive compounds in low quantity, genetic and physicochemical modification of the fungal endophytes is performed for the enhanced production of bioactive compounds. Presently, for the treatment of cancer, chemotherapy is majorly used, but the side effects of chemotherapy are of prime concern in clinical practices. Also, the drug-resistant properties of carcinoma cells, lack of cancer cells-specific medicine, and the side effects of drugs are the biggest obstacles in cancer treatment. The interminable requirement of potential drugs has encouraged researchers to seek alternatives to find novel bioactive compounds, and fungal endophytes seem to be a probable target for the discovery of anticancer drugs. The present review focuses a comprehensive literature on the major fungal endophyte-derived bioactive compounds which are presently been used for the management of cancer, biotic factors influencing the production of bioactive compounds and about the challenges in the field of fungal endophyte research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari Keshri
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Pradeep Mishra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Kemihuset (K), Umeå Universitet, Umeå Campus, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India.
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Mishra S, Priyanka, Sharma S. Metabolomic Insights Into Endophyte-Derived Bioactive Compounds. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:835931. [PMID: 35308367 PMCID: PMC8926391 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various plant-associated microbiota, endophytes (the microbial communities inhabiting plant endosphere without causing disease symptoms) exhibit the most intimate and specific association with host plants. Endophytic microbes influence various aspects of plant responses (such as increasing availability of nutrients, tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses, etc.) by modulating the primary and secondary metabolism of the host. Besides, endophytic microbes produce a diverse array of bioactive compounds, which have potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Further, there is sufficient evidence for endophyte-derived plant metabolites, which could be pursued as alternative sources of commercially important plant metabolites. The field of bioprospecting, the discovery of novel chemistries, and endophyte-mediated production of plant metabolites have witnessed a boom with the advent of omics technologies (especially metabolomics) in endophyte research. The high throughput study of small metabolites at a particular timepoint or tissue forms the core of metabolomics. Being downstream to transcriptome and proteome, the metabolome provides the most direct reflection of the phenotype of an organism. The contribution of plant and microbial metabolomics for answering fundamental questions of plant-endophyte interaction, such as the effect of endophyte inoculation on plant metabolome, composition of metabolites on the impact of environmental stressors (biotic and abiotic), etc., have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Mishra
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Deemed-to-be-University, Agra, India
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Rai N, Keshri PK, Gupta P, Verma A, Kamble SC, Singh SK, Gautam V. Bioprospecting of fungal endophytes from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz with antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264673. [PMID: 35298472 PMCID: PMC8929595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, a medicinal plant, shows numerous pharmacological properties which may be attributed to the bioactive compounds produced by O. indicum or due to associated endophytes. In the present study, leaf of O. indicum was evaluated for the presence of associated fungal endophytes, and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of bioactive compounds produced from them. Using culture-dependent approach, eight fungal endophytes belonging to five different genera were identified. Two endophytes Daldinia eschscholtzii and Ectophoma multirostrata have been reported for the first time from the leaf of O. indicum plant. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) of ethyl acetate (EA) extract of isolated fungal endophytes showed a distinct fingerprinting profile in EA extract of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Among identified endophytes, EA extract of C. gloeosporioides showed significant antioxidant activity against DPPH free radical, superoxide anion radical, nitric oxide radical and hydroxyl radical with EC50 values of 22.24±1.302 μg/mL, 67.46±0.576 μg/mL, 80.10±0.706 μg/mL and 61.55±1.360 μg/mL, respectively. EA extract of C. gloeosporioides exhibited potential cytotoxicity against HCT116, HeLa and HepG2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 76.59 μg/mL, 176.20 μg/mL and 1750.70 μg/mL, respectively. A comparative HPTLC fingerprinting and the antioxidant activity of C. gloeosporioides associated with two different hosts (leaf of O. indicum and dead twigs of other plant) showed that C. gloeosporioides produces bioactive compounds in a host-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari Keshri
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Swapnil C. Kamble
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Verma A, Gupta P, Rai N, Tiwari RK, Kumar A, Salvi P, Kamble SC, Singh SK, Gautam V. Assessment of Biological Activities of Fungal Endophytes Derived Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Amoora rohituka. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030285. [PMID: 35330287 PMCID: PMC8952687 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes have remarkable potential to produce bioactive compounds with numerous pharmacological significance that are used in various disease management and human welfare. In the current study, a total of eight fungal endophytes were isolated from the leaf tissue of Amoora rohituka, and out of which ethyl acetate (EA) extract of Penicillium oxalicum was found to exhibit potential antioxidant activity against DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide anion and hydroxyl free radicals with EC50 values of 178.30 ± 1.446, 75.79 ± 0.692, 169.28 ± 0.402 and 126.12 ± 0.636 µg/mL, respectively. The significant antioxidant activity of EA extract of P. oxalicum is validated through highest phenolic and flavonoid content, and the presence of unique bioactive components observed through high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. Moreover, EA extract of P. oxalicum also displayed substantial anti-proliferative activity with IC50 values of 56.81 ± 0.617, 37.24 ± 1.26 and 260.627 ± 5.415 µg/mL against three cancer cells HuT-78, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, respectively. Furthermore, comparative HPTLC fingerprint analysis and antioxidant activity of P. oxalicum revealed that fungal endophyte P. oxalicum produces bioactive compounds in a host-dependent manner. Therefore, the present study signifies that fungal endophyte P. oxalicum associated with the leaf of A. rohituka could be a potential source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.V.); (P.G.); (N.R.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.V.); (P.G.); (N.R.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.V.); (P.G.); (N.R.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Rajan Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (R.K.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (R.K.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Prafull Salvi
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar 140306, India;
| | - Swapnil C. Kamble
- Department of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India;
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.V.); (P.G.); (N.R.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (A.V.); (P.G.); (N.R.); (S.K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-88-6018-2113
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Xia JN, Hu K, Su XZ, Tang JW, Li XN, Sun HD, Puno PT. Discovery of ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids, characteristic metabolites of Isodon species, from an Endophytic fungal strain Geopyxis sp. XY93 inhabiting Isodon parvifolia. Fitoterapia 2022; 158:105160. [PMID: 35182695 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isogeopyxins A-C (1-3), three new diterpenoids with ent-kaurane, ent-pimarane, and ent-abietane scaffolds, respectively, along with six known ent-kauranoids, were isolated from the fermentation culture of Geopyxis sp. XY93 inhabiting the leaves of Isodon parvifolia. Their structures were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. It marks the first time that ent-kauranoids, characteristic metabolites of Isodon species, have been isolated from an associated endophytic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Nan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Zheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pema-Tenzin Puno
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Biosynthetic potential of the endophytic fungus Helotiales sp. BL73 revealed via compound identification and genome mining. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0251021. [PMID: 35108081 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02510-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi have been recognized as prolific producers of chemically diverse secondary metabolites. In this work, we describe a new representative of the order Helotiales isolated from the medicinal plant Bergenia pacumbis. Several bioactive secondary metabolites were produced by this Helotiales sp. BL 73 isolate grown on rice medium, including cochlioquinones and isofusidienols. Sequencing and analysis of the approx. 59 Mb genome revealed at least 77 secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters, several of which could be associated with detected compounds or linked to previously reported molecules. Four terpene synthase genes identified in the BL73 genome were codon-optimized and expressed, together with farnesyl-, geranyl- and geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate synthases, in Streptomyces spp. Analysis of recombinant strains revealed production of linalool and its oxidized form, terpenoids typically associated with plants, as well as a yet unidentified terpenoid. This study demonstrates the importance of a complex approach to the investigation of the biosynthetic potential of endophytic fungi using both conventional methods and genome mining. Importance Endophytic fungi represent as yet underexplored source of secondary metabolites, some of which may have industrial and medical applications. We isolated a slow-growing fungus belonging to the order Helotiales from the traditional medicinal plant Bergenia pacumbis and characterized its potential to biosynthesize secondary metabolites. We used both cultivation of the isolate with subsequent analysis of compounds produced, bioinformatics-based mining of the genome, and heterologous expression of several terpene synthase genes. Our study revealed enormous potential of this Helotiales isolate to produce structurally diverse natural products, including polyketides, non-ribosomally synthesized peptides, terpenoids and RiPPs. Identification of meroterpenoids and xanthones, along with establishing a link between these molecules and their putative biosynthetic genes sets a stage for investigation of the respective biosynthetic pathways. Heterologous production of terpenoids suggests that this approach can be used for the discovery of new compounds belonging to this chemical class using Streptomyces bacteria as hosts.
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Nagarajan K, Ibrahim B, Ahmad Bawadikji A, Lim JW, Tong WY, Leong CR, Khaw KY, Tan WN. Recent Developments in Metabolomics Studies of Endophytic Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:28. [PMID: 35049968 PMCID: PMC8781825 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that colonize living plants' tissues without causing any harm. They are known as a natural source of bioactive metabolites with diverse pharmacological functions. Many structurally different chemical metabolites were isolated from endophytic fungi. Recently, the increasing trends in human health problems and diseases have escalated the search for bioactive metabolites from endophytic fungi. The conventional bioassay-guided study is known as laborious due to chemical complexity. Thus, metabolomics studies have attracted extensive research interest owing to their potential in dealing with a vast number of metabolites. Metabolomics coupled with advanced analytical tools provides a comprehensive insight into systems biology. Despite its wide scientific attention, endophytic fungi metabolomics are relatively unexploited. This review highlights the recent developments in metabolomics studies of endophytic fungi in obtaining the global metabolites picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashvintha Nagarajan
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Baharudin Ibrahim
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (B.I.); (A.A.B.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | | | - Jun-Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia;
| | - Woei-Yenn Tong
- Drug Discovery and Delivery Research Laboratory, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah, Melaka 78000, Malaysia; (W.-Y.T.); (C.-R.L.)
| | - Chean-Ring Leong
- Drug Discovery and Delivery Research Laboratory, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Alor Gajah, Melaka 78000, Malaysia; (W.-Y.T.); (C.-R.L.)
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Wen-Nee Tan
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
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Gupta P, Verma A, Rai N, Singh AK, Singh SK, Kumar B, Kumar R, Gautam V. Mass Spectrometry-Based Technology and Workflows for Studying the Chemistry of Fungal Endophyte Derived Bioactive Compounds. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2068-2086. [PMID: 34724607 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds have gained substantial attention in research and have conferred great advancements in the industrial and pharmacological fields. Highly diverse fungi and their metabolome serve as a big platform to be explored for their diverse bioactive compounds. Omics tools coupled with bioinformatics, statistical, and well-developed algorithm tools have elucidated immense knowledge about fungal endophyte derived bioactive compounds. Further, these compounds are subjected to chromatography-gas chromatography and liquid chromatography (LC), spectroscopy-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and "soft ionization" technique-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) based analytical techniques for structural characterization. The mass spectrometry (MS)-based approach, being highly sensitive, reproducible, and reliable, produces quick and high-profile identification. Coupling these techniques with MS has resulted in a descriptive account of the identification and quantification of fungal endophyte derived bioactive compounds. This paper emphasizes the workflows of the above-mentioned techniques, their advancement, and future directions to study the unraveled area of chemistry of fungal endophyte-derived bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Anurag Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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Kong P, Sharifi M, Bordas A, Hong C. Differential Tolerance to Calonectria pseudonaviculata of English Boxwood Plants Associated with the Complexity of Culturable Fungal and Bacterial Endophyte Communities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112244. [PMID: 34834607 PMCID: PMC8619141 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Isolated boxwood endophytes have been demonstrated to effectively protect boxwood plants from infection by Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Cps). However, the roles of endophytes as communities in plant defense are not clear. Here, we demonstrated differential tolerance to Cps of English boxwood (Buxus sempervirens 'Suffruticosa'), an iconic landscape plant and generally regarded as highly susceptible, and its link to endophyte complexity. Fifteen boxwood twig samples were collected in triplicates from three historic gardens-Colonial Williamsburg, George Washington's Mount Vernon and River Farm, and Virginia Tech's research farm in Virginia Beach in the summer and fall of 2019. A portion of individual samples was inoculated with Cps under controlled conditions. Significant differences in disease severity were observed among samples but not between the two seasons. Examining the endophyte cultures of the summer samples revealed that bacterial and fungal abundance was negatively and positively correlated with the disease severity. Nanopore metagenomics analysis on genomic DNA of the tolerant and susceptible group representatives confirmed the associations. Specifically, tolerant English boxwood plants had an endophyte community dominated by Bacilli and Betaproteobacteria, while susceptible ones had a distinct endophyte community dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and diverse fungi. These findings may lead to boxwood health management innovations-devising and utilizing cultural practices to manipulate and increase the abundance and performance of beneficial endophytes for enhanced boxwood resistance to Cps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Kong
- Virginia Tech, Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 1444 Diamond Springs Road, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-757-363-3941
| | - Melissa Sharifi
- The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, P.O. Box 1776, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA;
| | - Adria Bordas
- Virginia Cooperative Extension, Fairfax Co., 12011 Government Center Parkway, Fairfax, VA 22035, USA;
| | - Chuanxue Hong
- Virginia Tech, Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 1444 Diamond Springs Road, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA;
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Gakuubi MM, Munusamy M, Liang ZX, Ng SB. Fungal Endophytes: A Promising Frontier for Discovery of Novel Bioactive Compounds. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:786. [PMID: 34682208 PMCID: PMC8538612 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For years, fungi have served as repositories of bioactive secondary metabolites that form the backbone of many existing drugs. With the global rise in infections associated with antimicrobial resistance, in addition to the growing burden of non-communicable disease, such as cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular ailments, the demand for new drugs that can provide an improved therapeutic outcome has become the utmost priority. The exploration of microbes from understudied and specialized niches is one of the promising ways of discovering promising lead molecules for drug discovery. In recent years, a special class of plant-associated fungi, namely, fungal endophytes, have emerged as an important source of bioactive compounds with unique chemistry and interesting biological activities. The present review focuses on endophytic fungi and their classification, rationale for selection and prioritization of host plants for fungal isolation and examples of strategies that have been adopted to induce the activation of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters to enhance the biosynthetic potential of fungal endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Muthee Gakuubi
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (M.M.G.); (M.M.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Madhaiyan Munusamy
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (M.M.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Zhao-Xun Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore;
| | - Siew Bee Ng
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, #01-02 Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore; (M.M.G.); (M.M.)
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Biological potential of bioactive metabolites derived from fungal endophytes associated with medicinal plants. Mycol Prog 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01695-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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