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Ishrat N, Gupta A, Khan MF, Shahab U, Khan MS, Ahmad N, Kaur K, Ahmad S, Mahdi AA. Phytoconstituents of Nymphaea rubra flowers and their anti-diabetic metabolic targets. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:106014. [PMID: 38740346 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nymphaea rubra (N. rubra) flowers are prevalent in subtropical regions for both dietary and traditional medicinal purposes, attributing to their beneficial properties in supporting overall health. This study first time provides descriptions of the antidiabetic and dyslipidemic properties employing STZ induced high fat diet fed diabetic rats and inhibition of α-amylase enzyme activity first by in vitro analyses, followed by a confirmatory in silico study to create a stronger biochemical rationale. Furthermore, in 3 T3-L1 cells, this extract promoted the suppression of adipogenesis. GC-MS investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of N. rubra flowers revealed the presence of marker compounds of N. rubra, Nuciferine, and Apomorphine, which were the focus of molecular docking studies. The acquired concentrations of Nuciferine (22.39%) and 10, 11-dimethoxy-Apomorphine (1.47%) were detected. Together with other alkaloids identified by GC-MS analysis from this extract, mechanistically suggested that it might be caused by the synergistic impact of these bioactive chemicals. Molecular docking has been done to check the binding affinities of various isolated phytochemicals with HPAA, the dose-response effect of 100 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of flower extract after 30 days showed a significant effect on body weight, food, water intake, serum insulin, FBG, OGTT, lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin, liver and kidney function test. Kidney histopathology results show a significant effect. These findings offer a strong foundation for the potential application of the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract from Nymphaea rubra flowers and its bioactive constituent in an in vivo system for the treatment and control of diabetes and its associated condition dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayab Ishrat
- Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India; Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Annie Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | | | - Uzma Shahab
- Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Naved Ahmad
- Department of Library and Information Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
| | - Kirtanjot Kaur
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Murudkar PH, Tambe MS, Chandrasekar S, Boddeda B, Pawar AT. Common Ayurvedic, Chinese traditional and Unani antidiabetic formulations- a review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:991083. [PMID: 36313351 PMCID: PMC9597356 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.991083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most widely recognized endocrine disorder which is influencing a bigger populace on the planet. There are various causes of diabetes, such as physical inactivity, obesity, family history, race, and age. Diabetes mellitus is associated with some life-threatening complications, such as neuropathy, nephropathy, various eye diseases or retinopathy, and cardiovascular disorders. Many synthetic antihyperglycemic agents are available in the market for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. But, due to some serious side effects of these synthetic agents, people are opting for herbal remedies and, therefore, they are now becoming popular. Herbal remedies have lesser side effects and higher affordability and therefore can be preferably used over synthetic agents for a long-term disorder like diabetes mellitus. In the present study, scientific research and review studies on the topic were collected from Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and other relevant sources. The references of all the articles were screened manually for any additional information on popular polyherbal formulations in traditional Ayurvedic, Chinese, and Unani medicinal systems. It is found that these polyherbal formulations are studied for anti-diabetic potential. Furthermore, some are also investigated for mechanism of action of anti-diabetic effects. This review highlights various Ayurvedic, Chinese, and Unani polyherbal formulations commonly utilized in the management of diabetes mellitus along with their pre-clinical and clinical investigations, which will enhance the existing knowledge of the researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta H. Murudkar
- School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India
| | - Mukul S. Tambe
- School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Anil T. Pawar
- School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Anil T. Pawar,
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Albogami S, Hassan A, Abdel-Aziem SH, Alotaibi S, Althobaiti F, El-Shehawi A, Alnefaie A, Alhamed RA. Effects of combination of obesity, diabetes, and hypoxia on inflammatory regulating genes and cytokines in rat pancreatic tissues and serum. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13990. [PMID: 36213511 PMCID: PMC9541627 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and diabetes are becoming increasingly prevalent around the world. Inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance are linked to both obesity and type 2 diabetes, and these disorders are becoming major public health issues globally. Methods This study evaluated the effects of obesity, diabetes, and hypoxia on the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in rats. We divided 120 Wistar rats in two groups, male and female, each including six subgroups: control (CTRL), obese (high-fat diet (HFD)), diabetic (streptozotocin (STZ)-treated), hypoxic (HYX), obese + diabetic (HFD/STZ), and obese + diabetic + hypoxic (HFD/STZ/HYX). We examined the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL10, and leptin in pancreatic tissues and serum. Results No significant difference was observed in serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) between HYX and CTRL in either sex. However, they were significantly increased, whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly decreased in HFD, STZ, HFD/STZ, and HFD/STZ/HPX compared with CTRL in both sexes. The expression of Tnf-α, Il6, and Lep was significantly upregulated in all subgroups compared with CTRL in both sexes. STZ and HYX showed no significant differences in the expression of these genes between sexes, whereas Tnf-α and Il6 were upregulated in male HFD, HFD/STZ, and HFD/STZ/HYX compared with females. Protein levels showed similar patterns. Combination subgroups, either in the absence or presence of hypoxia, frequently exhibited severe necrosis of endocrine components in pancreatic lobules. The combination of obesity, diabetes, and hypoxia was associated with inflammation, which was verified at the histopathological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia,High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziza Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia,High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sekena H. Abdel-Aziem
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saqer Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia,High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fayez Althobaiti
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia,High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia,High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Alnefaie
- High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Services, King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abdulla Alhamed
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia,High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Reviewing the Traditional/Modern Uses, Phytochemistry, Essential Oils/Extracts and Pharmacology of Embelia ribes Burm. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071359. [PMID: 35883850 PMCID: PMC9311956 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Embelia ribes Burm. (E. ribes, Myrsinaceae), also known as Vidanga in Ayurveda, has been shown to have significant therapeutic benefits on several disorders, and its main chemical bioactive constituent, embelin, has the therapeutic potential to be converted into innovative drugs, which is why it has recently received considerable interest. In the present work, we provide a higher level of comprehension, awareness, and extensive knowledge of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological characteristics of E. ribes throughout the last several decades (February 1965 to June 2021), emphasizing the importance of the study of essential oils extracted from E. ribes, which show a major potential for exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Materials and Methods: Google Scholar, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scifinder, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were used to conduct a thorough literature search. Results: E. ribes is high in essential oils, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and phenolics, all of which have medicinal benefits. The essential oils/extracts and isolated chemical constituents exhibited antioxidant activity, wound healing, antidiabetic, central nervous system (CNS)-related disease, antiviral, antiobesity, cardioprotective, antifungal, antibacterial, and antifertility activity, among other promising pharmacological effects. Conclusion: The translation between traditional applications and modern medicine may make E. ribes a promising target for the implementation of innovative medication. To investigate the efficacy and safety profile of E. ribes, further high-quality preclinical studies using advanced methodologies are required.
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Trypanosoma brucei brucei Induced Hypoglycaemia Depletes Hepatic Glycogen and Altered Hepatic Hexokinase and Glucokinase Activities in Infected Mice. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1097-1106. [PMID: 35476260 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little progress has been made in understanding the effect of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection that was allowed to run its course without treatment on human and animal carbohydrate metabolism even though most of the symptoms associated with the disease can be clearly linked with interference with host energy generation. The present study therefore assessed the course of untreated Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection on hepatic glycogen, hepatic hexokinase and glucokinase activities. METHODS Mice were grouped into two: control and infected group. Trypanosomiasis was induced by intraperitoneal inoculation of 1 × 104 parasites/mice in 0.3 ml of phosphate saline glucose. The infection was allowed to run its course until the first mortality was recorded with all the mice showing chronic symptoms of the second stage of the disease before the research was terminated. Blood and liver samples were collected from the mice in each group for the assessment of hepatic glycogen and total protein, hepatic hexokinase and glucokinase activities, liver biomarkers, blood glucose and protein with packed cell volume. RESULTS The infection resulted in decrease in blood glucose, hepatic glycogen, liver protein, PCV, hepatic hexokinase and glucokinase activities, but increase in serum total protein and liver biomarkers. CONCLUSION Trypanosomiasis negatively affects hepatic integrity, resulting in the depletion of hepatic glycogen content and suppression of both hepatic hexokinase and glucokinase activities. The suppression of hepatic hexokinase and glucokinase activities suggested that trypanosomiasis affected the oxidation of glucose and host energy generation via glycolysis. This probably denied the host of the needed energy which is likely the reason for early death in untreated African trypanosomiasis.
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Gilani S, Bin-Jumah MN, Al-Abbasi FA, Nadeem MS, Afzal M, Sayyed N, Kazmi I. Fustin Ameliorates Elevated Levels of Leptin, Adiponectin, Serum TNF-α, and Intracellular Oxidative Free Radicals in High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26098-26107. [PMID: 34660970 PMCID: PMC8515611 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fustin is a prominent ingredient of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (Anacardiaceae) and has a wide range of pharmacological and clinical effects. The present study attempted to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of fustin in streptozotocin- and high-fat diet-induced diabetes in rats. The efficacy of fustin 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg/day p.o. was studied in 60% of total calories from fat as a high-fat diet along with single-dose administration streptozotocin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) experimentally induced diabetes in rats for 42 days. The mean body weight; blood glucose; and biochemical parameters such as lipid profile, total protein (TP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), insulin, leptin levels, adiponectin levels, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity in serum were measured. The rats' weight was maintained in the fustin groups compared to the diabetic control group. Diabetes caused a significant increase in serum levels in blood glucose, lipid profile, MDA, TNF-α, ALT, and AST parameters and a decrease in serum insulin, adiponectin, leptin, GSH, SOD, and CAT compared to healthy rats. The treatment regimen with fustin (50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly restored all serum parameters in test groups. The present study found clinical evidence for the first time regarding the significant antidiabetic property of fustin, which could be a worthwhile candidate for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf
Jamal Gilani
- Department
of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology
Department, College of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Environment
and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf
University, Sakakah 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- Department
of Clinical Research, Meril Life Sciences
Pvt. Ltd., Gujarat 396191, India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King
Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Basha NJ, Basavarajaiah SM, Baskaran S, Kumar P. A comprehensive insight on the biological potential of embelin and its derivatives. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:3054-3068. [PMID: 34304655 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1955361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring bioactive molecules are known for their diverse biological applications such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. Also, some of the natural products act as medicinal drugs. Further, bioactive cell-permeable molecule embelin has been reported for its diverse biological activities such as antimalarial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory in the literature. With the continuation of our research work on biologically active molecules, based on structural activity relationship and docking studies of embelin and its derivatives, we have reported target-specific anticancer and antimalarial activities of embelin and its analogs. Also, it has been reported in many recent research articles that embelin and its derivatives are known to possess medicinal properties. This review mainly highlights recent reports on broad-spectrum biological activities of the embelin and its analogs to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jeelan Basha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Swathi Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bangalore, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bangalore, India
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Sharma S, Wadhwa K, Choudhary M, Budhwar V. Ethnopharmacological perspectives of glucokinase activators in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2962-2976. [PMID: 34044681 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1931187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional medicinal plants have wide-reaching utilisation in the treatment of diabetes especially in developing countries where medical resources are meagre. Traditionally used anti-diabetic plants act by numerous mechanisms, however, only a few of them act through activation of the glucokinase enzyme. Glucokinase is a key regulatory enzyme in glucose metabolism thereby controls glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion. The present review significantly analyses the knowledge about various plant-based glucokinase activators including numerous phytochemicals which modulate the activity and gene expression of glucokinase and would provide data support and perspective regarding future research in the discovery and development of different plant-derived glucokinase activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Karan Wadhwa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Manjusha Choudhary
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Budhwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Khadke S, Mandave P, Kuvalekar A, Pandit V, Karandikar M, Mantri N. Synergistic Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Oral-Hypoglycemic Drug on Lipid Normalization through Modulation of Hepatic Gene Expression in High Fat Diet with Low Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3652. [PMID: 33261004 PMCID: PMC7760711 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which an outcome of impaired insulin action and its secretion, is concomitantly associated with lipid abnormalities. The study was designed to evaluate the combinational effect of omega-3 fatty acids (flax and fish oil) and glibenclamide on abnormal lipid profiles, increased blood glucose, and impaired liver and kidney functions in a high fat diet with low streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, including its probable mechanism of action. The male Wistar rats (n = 48) were distributed into eight groups. All animal groups except the healthy received a high fat diet (HFD) for 90 days. Further, diabetes was developed by low dose STZ (35 mg/kg). Diabetic animals received, omega-3 fatty acids (500 mg/kg), along with glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg). Both flax and fish oil intervention decreased (p ≤ 0.001) serum triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein and elevated (p ≤ 0.001) high density lipoprotein levels in diabetic rats. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein level was decreased (p ≤ 0.001) in fish oil-treated rats. However, it remained unaffected in the flax oil treatment group. Both flax and fish oil intervention downregulate the expression of fatty acid metabolism genes, transcription factors (sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1c and nuclear factor-κβ), and their regulatory genes i.e., acetyl-coA carboxylase alpha, fatty acid synthase, and tumor necrosis factors-α. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene expression was upregulated (p ≤ 0.001) in the fish oil treatment group. Whereas, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 and fatty acid binding protein gene expression were upregulated (p ≤ 0.001) in both flax and fish oil intervention group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Khadke
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India; (S.K.); (P.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Pallavi Mandave
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India; (S.K.); (P.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Aniket Kuvalekar
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India; (S.K.); (P.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Vijaya Pandit
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Manjiri Karandikar
- Department of Pathology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Deemed to Be University, Pune-Satara Road, Pune 411043, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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Manz koule J, Ndomou M, Njinkoue J, Tchoumbougnang F, Milong Melong C, Djopnang JD, Oumbe AS, Nchoutpouen M, Foumedzo R, Gouado I. Antihyperlipidemic potential of oil extracted from Ilisha africana on rats. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Miaffo D, Guessom Kamgue O, Ledang Tebou N, Maa Maa Temhoul C, Kamanyi A. Antidiabetic and antioxidant potentials of Vitellaria paradoxa barks in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-019-0141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Vitellaria paradoxa (V. paradoxa) is a plant used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many diseases including diabetes mellitus. Although the different parts of this plant are used empirically as antidiabetic drug, no scientific work to our knowledge has yet been undertaken to evaluate its effects on blood glucose, and lipid and antioxidant parameters of diabetic animals. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate the hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of V. paradoxa barks in diabetic rats.
Methods
Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg bw). Thirty male albino rats were divided into groups and orally treated for 14 days with distilled water, glibenclamide (2.5 mg/kg bw) and aqueous extract of V. paradoxa (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg bw). Glycaemia, insulin level, relative body weight, hepatic glycogen level, some liver enzymes, and lipid and antioxidant parameters were evaluated.
Results
The results showed that the extract caused a significant increase in relative body weight, insulin level, HDL-cholesterol, hepatic glycogen rate, and fructose-1,6-biphosphate and glucokinase activities. A significant decrease in glycaemia, glucose-6-phosphatase activity, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol were also observed after the administration of V. paradoxa. Glutathione level and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase increased significantly while the nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly in the liver of animals treated with the extract of V. paradoxa.
Conclusion
These results justify the hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of aqueous extract of V. paradoxa barks, which can reduce the complications associated with diabetes.
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Khadke SP, Kuvalekar AA, Harsulkar AM, Mantri N. High Energy Intake Induced Overexpression of Transcription Factors and Its Regulatory Genes Involved in Acceleration of Hepatic Lipogenesis: A Rat Model for Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2019; 7:E76. [PMID: 31569751 PMCID: PMC6966540 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin action and its secretion. The objectives of the present study were to establish an economical and efficient animal model, mimicking pathophysiology of human T2DM to understand probable molecular mechanisms in context with lipid metabolism. In the present study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Animals were fed with high fat diet (HFD) except healthy control (HC) for 12 weeks. After eight weeks, intra peritoneal glucose tolerance test was performed. After confirmation of glucose intolerance, diabetic control (DC) group was injected with streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg b.w., i.p.). HFD fed rats showed increase (p ≤ 0.001) in glucose tolerance and HOMA-IR as compared to HC. Diabetes rats showed abnormal (p ≤ 0.001) lipid profile as compared to HC. The hepatocyte expression of transcription factors SREBP-1c and NFκβ, and their target genes were found to be upregulated, while PPAR-γ, CPT1A and FABP expressions were downregulated as compared to the HC. A number of animal models have been raised for studying T2DM, but the study has been restricted to only the biochemical level. The model is validated at biochemical, molecular and histopathological levels, which can be used for screening new therapeutics for the effective management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh P Khadke
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
| | - Aniket A Kuvalekar
- Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Katraj, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India.
| | - Abhay M Harsulkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India.
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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Nambirajan G, Karunanidhi K, Ganesan A, Rajendran R, Kandasamy R, Elangovan A, Thilagar S. Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of bud and flower of Avaram Senna (Cassia auriculata L.) In high fat diet and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1495-1506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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14
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Bati K, Kwape TE, Chaturvedi P. Anti-Diabetic Effects of an Ethanol Extract of Cassia Abbreviata Stem Bark on Diabetic Rats and Possible Mechanism of Its Action: - Anti-diabetic Properties of Cassia abbreviata. J Pharmacopuncture 2017; 20:45-51. [PMID: 28392962 PMCID: PMC5374338 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2017.20.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of an ethanol extract of Cassia abbreviata (ECA) bark and the possible mechanisms of its action in diabetic albino rats. METHODS ECA was prepared by soaking the powdered plant material in 70% ethanol. It was filtered and made solvent-free by evaporation on a rotary evaporator. Type 2 diabetes was induced in albino rats by injecting 35 mg/kg body weight (bw) of streptozotocin after having fed the rats a high-fat diet for 2 weeks. Diabetic rats were divided into ECA-150, ECA-300 and Metformin (MET)-180 groups, where the numbers are the doses in mg.kg.bw administered to the groups. Normal (NC) and diabetic (DC) controls were given distilled water. The animals had their fasting blood glucose levels and body weights determined every 7 days for 21 days. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were carried out in all animals at the beginning and the end of the experiment. Liver and kidney samples were harvested for glucose 6 phosphatase (G6Pase) and hexokinase activity analyses. Small intestines and diaphragms from normal rats were used for α-glucosidase and glucose uptake studies against the extract. RESULTS Two doses, 150 and 300 mg/kg bw, significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic rats and helped them maintain normal body weights. The glucose level in DC rats significantly increased while their body weights decreased. The 150 mg/kg bw dose significantly increased hexokinase and decreased G6Pase activities in the liver and the kidneys. ECA inhibited α-glucosidase activity and promoted glucose uptake in the rats' hemi-diaphragms. CONCLUSION This study revealed that ECA normalized blood glucose levels and body weights in type 2 diabetic rats. The normalization of the glucose levels may possibly be due to inhibition of α-glucosidase, decreased G6Pase activity, increased hexokinase activity and improved glucose uptake by muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keagile Bati
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana Private Bag UB0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Tebogo Elvis Kwape
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana Private Bag UB0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Padmaja Chaturvedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Botswana Private Bag UB0022, Gaborone, Botswana
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Sathasivampillai SV, Rajamanoharan PRS, Munday M, Heinrich M. Plants used to treat diabetes in Sri Lankan Siddha Medicine - An ethnopharmacological review of historical and modern sources. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:531-599. [PMID: 27448453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND In recent decades diabetes mellitus has become a considerable health problem in countries like Sri Lanka and results in an increasing economic burden hampering the social and economic development of these countries. About 60% to 70% of the rural population in Sri Lanka rely on indigenous medicinal systems as their main source for primary health care. Siddha (Tamil) Medicine is one of the four Sri Lankan traditional medicinal systems and it is practised mostly in the eastern and northern provinces of Sri Lanka where the majority of Tamils reside. AIM The foundation of this study is a documentation of plant species recorded in historical and modern Sri Lankan Siddha Medical documents used to treat diabetes. Based on the systematic documentation and analysis of Siddha concepts about diabetes and its signs and preparations used to treat diabetes in Sri Lankan Siddha Medicine, the plant species included in these preparations (excluding globally or very widely used, very well studied species) were evaluated in terms of the current state-of-the-art about these species' pharmacology and effectiveness in order to lay a foundation for their further development. METHOD Historic and modern Sri Lankan university texts books in Tamil were used as sources for information on diabetes Siddha concepts and antidiabetic Sri Lankan Siddha Medicine preparations. Information on the known antidiabetic effects of extracts and compounds obtained from these species were used in order to assess the current state of the art of these species. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Information of ingredients, preparation methods, amount of ingredients used, and dosages of 60 antidiabetic Sri Lankan Siddha Medicine preparations were obtained. Animal parts including marine organisms, inorganic substances, and plants are the three types of ingredients used. Overall 171 plant species in 73 families were documented. Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. (Fabaceae) was identified as the most frequently cited species. Globally distributed and very well studied plants were excluded in the pharmacological and clinical literature review which includes 123 plant species. The majority (48%) of the plant species reviewed were studied up to in vivo level as the current maximum level of scientific evidence available. Followed by 41% of species have not been studied for antidiabetic activities or did not show antidiabetic activity. Moreover, 6% and 5% were studied up to in vitro and in clinical levels, respectively. The majority of the species were studied only in the models that represent type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSION This is the first study systematically assessing the importance of preparations and plants used in antidiabetic Sri Lankan Siddha Medicine preparations. Antidiabetic plants are a crucial health care resource in Sri Lankan Siddha Medicine. This study also identified a wide range of methodological problems in the studies conducted so far. More and better type 2 diabetes models should be employed in future studies. This comprehensive review creates the basis for a more systematic study of these local resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pholtan R S Rajamanoharan
- Planning Unit, Provincial Department of Indigenous Medicine, Trincomalee, Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
| | - Michael Munday
- Research Cluster 'Biodiversity and Medicines', UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Cluster 'Biodiversity and Medicines', UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, United Kingdom.
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Durg S, Veerapur VP, Neelima S, Dhadde SB. Antidiabetic activity of Embelia ribes, embelin and its derivatives: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 86:195-204. [PMID: 27984799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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Bhattacharjee N, Khanra R, Dua TK, Das S, De B, Zia-Ul-Haq M, De Feo V, Dewanjee S. Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult. & Schult. F. (Family: Asparagaceae) Attenuates Type 2 Diabetes and Its Associated Cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167131. [PMID: 27893829 PMCID: PMC5125675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sansevieria roxburghiana Schult. & Schult. F. (Family: Asparagaceae) rhizome has been claimed to possess antidiabetic activity in the ethno-medicinal literature in India. Therefore, present experiments were carried out to explore the protective role of edible (aqueous) extract of S. roxburghiana rhizome (SR) against experimentally induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated cardiomyopathy in Wistar rats. METHODS SR was chemically characterized by GC-MS analysis. Antidiabetic activity of SR (50 and 100 mg/kg, orally) was measured in high fat diets (ad libitum) + low-single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) induced type 2 diabetic (T2D) rat. Fasting blood glucose level was measured at specific intermissions. Serum biochemical and inflammatory markers were estimated after sacrificing the animals. Besides, myocardial redox status, expressions of signal proteins (NF-κB and PKCs), histological and ultrastructural studies of heart were performed in the controls and SR treated T2D rats. RESULTS Phytochemical screening of the crude extract revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, sugar alcohols, sterols, amino acids, saturated fatty acids within SR. T2D rats exhibited significantly (p < 0.01) higher fasting blood glucose level with respect to control. Alteration in serum lipid profile (p < 0.01) and increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.01) and creatine kinase (p < 0.01) in the sera revealed the occurrence of hyperlipidemia and cell destruction in T2D rats. T2DM caused significant (p < 0.05-0.01) alteration in the biochemical markers in the sera. T2DM altered the redox status (p < 0.05-0.01), decreased (p < 0.01) the intracellular NAD and ATP concentrations in the myocardial tissues of experimental rats. While investigating the molecular mechanism, activation PKC isoforms was observed in the selected tissues. T2D rats also exhibited an up-regulation in nuclear NF-κB (p65) in the cardiac tissues. So, oral administration of SR (50 and 500 mg/kg) could reduce hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, membrane disintegration, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation and prevented the activation of oxidative stress induced signaling cascades leading to cell death. Histological and ultra-structural studies of cardiac tissues supported the protective characteristics of SR. CONCLUSIONS From the present findings it can be concluded that, SR could offer protection against T2DM and its associated cardio-toxicity via multiple mechanisms viz. hypoglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloy Bhattacharjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Ritu Khanra
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Tarun K. Dua
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Susmita Das
- Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Bratati De
- Phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - M. Zia-Ul-Haq
- Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- * E-mail: (SD); (VDF)
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail: (SD); (VDF)
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Arora R, Deshmukh R. Embelin Attenuates Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin-Induced Behavioral, Biochemical, and Neurochemical Abnormalities in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6670-6680. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0182-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Jayaprasad B, Sharavanan P, Sivaraj R. Antidiabetic effect of Chloroxylon swietenia bark extracts on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Mohamed Assem SM, Nadia MSA, Sara AMA. Effect of canagliflozin or metformin on metabolic disorders in obese diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2015.4455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Nair S, Chik Z, Noordin MI. In vitrocharacteristics of an insulin suppository developed using palm oil base (HAMIN®) and its hypoglycaemic effect on rabbits. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1063549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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A Review of Biotechnological Approaches to Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Medicinal Lianas in India. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BIODIVERSITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14592-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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