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Shi H, Zhang X, Ge P, Meliopoulos V, Freiden P, Livingston B, Schultz-Cherry S, Ross TM. Inactivated influenza virus vaccines expressing COBRA hemagglutinin elicited broadly reactive, long-lived protective antibodies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2356269. [PMID: 38826029 PMCID: PMC11152115 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2356269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The influenza viruses cause seasonal respiratory illness that affect millions of people globally every year. Prophylactic vaccines are the recommended method to prevent the breakout of influenza epidemics. One of the current commercial influenza vaccines consists of inactivated viruses that are selected months prior to the start of a new influenza season. In many seasons, the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of these vaccines can be relatively low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an improved, more universal influenza vaccine (UIV) that can provide broad protection against various drifted strains in all age groups. To meet this need, the computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology was developed to design a hemagglutinin (HA) molecule as a new influenza vaccine. In this study, COBRA HA-based inactivated influenza viruses (IIV) expressing the COBRA HA from H1 or H3 influenza viruses were developed and characterized for the elicitation of immediate and long-term protective immunity in both immunologically naïve or influenza pre-immune animal models. These results were compared to animals vaccinated with IIV vaccines expressing wild-type H1 or H3 HA proteins (WT-IIV). The COBRA-IIV elicited long-lasting broadly reactive antibodies that had hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) activity against drifted influenza variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shi
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Pan Ge
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Victoria Meliopoulos
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pam Freiden
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brandi Livingston
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Nakayama T, Hayashi T, Makino K, Oe K. The efficacy and safety of a quadrivalent live attenuated influenza nasal vaccine in Japanese children: A phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Infect Chemother 2024:S1341-321X(24)00178-8. [PMID: 38959995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination is the primary method of preventing influenza infection and complications in young children. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a single dose of MEDI3250 (intranasal, quadrivalent, live attenuated influenza vaccine) in healthy Japanese children during the 2016/17 influenza season. METHODS In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study (jRCT2080223345), participants aged 2-18 years received MEDI3250 or placebo (2:1), stratified by age (2-6 years, 7-18 years). The primary and secondary endpoints were the incidence of confirmed symptomatic onset of influenza caused by a circulating wild-type strain or by a vaccine-matched strain, respectively. Safety outcomes included the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and vaccine-related AEs. RESULTS Overall, 910 participants received MEDI3250 (n = 608) or placebo (n = 302). For the primary endpoint (regardless of the influenza subtype), the incidence of influenza onset was 25.5 % (MEDI3250) and 35.9 % (placebo); relative risk reduction, 28.8 % (95 % confidence interval, 12.5 %-42.0 %). For the secondary endpoint (vaccine-matched strain), the incidence was 10.9 % (MEDI3250) and 17.2 % (placebo); relative risk reduction, 36.6 % (95 % confidence interval, 6.5 %-56.8 %). Solicited AEs occurred in 67.6 % (MEDI3250) and 63.6 % (placebo). Most events were mild; nasal discharge was most common (59.2 % [MEDI3250] and 52.6 % [placebo]). Unsolicited AEs occurred in 36.0 % (MEDI3250) and 33.1 % (placebo). The most common unsolicited vaccine-related AE was diarrhea (2.3 %, both groups). CONCLUSIONS MEDI3250 had a greater preventive effect against influenza onset in Japanese children than placebo; no new safety signals were observed relative to previous clinical and post-marketing studies of MEDI3250.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Nakayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | - Keiji Oe
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
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Shi K, Feng S, Zhao L, Chen J, Song W, Jia Y, Qu X, Liu Z, Jia W, Du S, Liao M. N-glycosylation on hemagglutinin head reveals inter-branch antigenic variability of avian influenza virus H5-subtypes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132901. [PMID: 38848854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
H5-subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) is globally prevalent and undergoes frequent antigenic drift, necessitating regular updates to vaccines. One of the many influencing elements that cause incompatibility between vaccinations and epidemic strains is the dynamic alteration of glycosylation sites. However, the biological significance of N-glycosylation in the viral evolution and antigenic changes is unclear. Here, we performed a systematic analysis of glycosylation sites on the HA1 subunit of H5N1, providing insights into the changes of primary glycosylation sites, including 140 N, 156 N, and 170 N within the antigenic epitopes of HA1 protein. Multiple recombinant viruses were then generated based on HA genes of historical vaccine strains and deactivated for immunizing SPF chickens. Inactivated recombinant strains showed relatively closer antigenicity compared to which has identical N-glycosylation patterns. The N-glycosylation modification discrepancy highlights the inter-branch antigenic diversity of H5-subtype viruses in avian influenza and serves as a vital foundation for improving vaccination tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Saixiang Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junhong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yusheng Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weixin Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Shouwen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Ming Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory for prevention and control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou 510550, China.
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Garg N, Tellier G, Vale N, Kluge J, Portman JL, Markowska A, Tussey L. Phase 1, randomized, rater and participant blinded placebo-controlled study of the safety, reactogenicity, tolerability and immunogenicity of H1N1 influenza vaccine delivered by VX-103 (a MIMIX microneedle patch [MAP] system) in healthy adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303450. [PMID: 38843267 PMCID: PMC11156369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MIMIX platform is a novel microneedle array patch (MAP) characterized by slowly dissolving microneedle tips that deploy into the dermis following patch application. We describe safety, reactogenicity, tolerability and immunogenicity for MIMIX MAP vaccination against influenza. METHODOLOGY The trial was a Phase 1, exploratory, first-in-human, parallel randomized, rater, participant, study analyst-blinded, placebo-controlled study in Canada. Forty-five healthy participants (18 to 39 years of age, inclusive) were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive either 15 μg or 7.5 μg of an H1N1 influenza vaccine, or placebo delivered via MIMIX MAP to the volar forearm. A statistician used a computer program to create a randomization scheme with a block size of 3. Post-treatment follow-up was approximately 180 days. Primary safety outcomes included the incidence of study product related serious adverse events and unsolicited events within 180 days, solicited application site and systemic reactogenicity through 7 days after administration and solicited application site erythema and/or pigmentation 14, 28, 56 and 180 days after administration. Immunogenicity outcomes included antibody titers and percentage of seroconversion (SCR) and seroprotection (SPR) rates determined by the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Exploratory outcomes included virus microneutralization (MN) titers, durability and breadth of the immune response. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT06125717. FINDINGS Between July 7, 2022 and March 13, 2023 45 participants were randomized to a treatment group. One participant was lost to follow up in the 15 μg group and 1 participant withdrew from the 7.5 μg dose group. Safety analyses included n = 15 per group, immunogenicity analyses included n = 14 for the 15 μg and 7.5 μg treatment groups and n = 15 for the placebo group. No SAEs were reported in any of the treatment groups. All treatment groups reported solicited local events within 7 days after vaccination, with mild (Grade 1) erythema being the most frequent symptom reported. Other local symptoms reported included mostly mild (Grade 1) induration/swelling, itching, pigmentation, skin flaking, and tenderness. Within 7 days after vaccination, 2 participants (4.4%) reported moderate (Grade 2) erythema, 1 participant (2.2%) reported moderate (Grade 2) induration/swelling, and 1 participant (2.2%) reported moderate (Grade 2) itching. There was an overall reduction in erythema and pigmentation reported on Days 15, 29, 57, and 180 among all treatment groups. Systemic symptoms reported within 7 days after vaccination, included mild (Grade 1) fatigue reported among all treatment groups, and mild (Grade 1) headache reported by 1 participant in the 7.5 μg treatment group. No study drug related severe symptoms were reported in the study. Group mean fold rises in HAI titers ranged between 8.7 and 12-fold, SCRs were >76% and SPRs were >92% for both VX-103 dose groups thereby fulfilling serological criteria established by the EMA and FDA for seasonal influenza vaccines. Longitudinal assessments demonstrate persistence of the immune response through at least Day 180. CONCLUSIONS The MIMIX MAP platform is safe, well tolerated and elicits robust antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Garg
- Centricity Research-Montreal, Point-Claire, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy Tellier
- Centricity Research-Mirabel, Mirabel, Québec, Canada
| | - Noah Vale
- Centricity Research-Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jon Kluge
- Research and Development, Vaxess Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan L. Portman
- Research and Development, Vaxess Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna Markowska
- Research and Development, Vaxess Technologies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lynda Tussey
- Development and MAP Production, Vaxess Technologies, Woburn, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Anoma S, Bhattarakosol P, Kowitdamrong E. Characteristics and evolution of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of Influenza A(H3N2) viruses in Thailand during 2015 to 2018. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17523. [PMID: 38846750 PMCID: PMC11155671 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A(H3N2) virus evolves continuously. Its hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes have high genetic variation due to the antigenic drift. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and evolution of HA and NA genes of the influenza A(H3N2) virus in Thailand. Methods Influenza A positive respiratory samples from 2015 to 2018 were subtyped by multiplex real-time RT-PCR. Full-length HA and NA genes from the positive samples of influenza A(H3N2) were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis with the maximum likelihood method was used to investigate the evolution of the virus compared with the WHO-recommended influenza vaccine strain. Homology modeling and N-glycosylation site prediction were also performed. Results Out of 443 samples, 147 (33.18%) were A(H1N1)pdm09 and 296 (66.82%) were A(H3N2). The A(H3N2) viruses circulating in 2015 were clade 3C.2a whereas sub-clade 3C.2a1 and 3C.2a2 dominated in 2016-2017 and 2018, respectively. Amino acid substitutions were found in all antigenic sites A, B, C, D, and E of HA but the majority of the substitutions were located at antigenic sites A and B. The S245N and N329S substitutions in the NA gene affect the N-glycosylation. None of the mutations associated with resistance to NA inhibitors were observed. Mean evolutionary rates of the HA and NA genes were 3.47 × 10 -3 and 2.98 × 10-3 substitutions per site per year. Conclusion The influenza A(H3N2) virus is very genetically diverse and is always evolving to evade host defenses. The HA and NA gene features including the evolutionary rate of the influenza A(H3N2) viruses that were circulating in Thailand between 2015 and 2018 are described. This information is useful for monitoring the genetic characteristics and evolution in HA and NA genes of influenza A(H3N2) virus in Thailand which is crucial for predicting the influenza vaccine strains resulting in high vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasiprapa Anoma
- Interdisciplinary Program in Medical Microbiology, Graduated School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parvapan Bhattarakosol
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ekasit Kowitdamrong
- Center of Excellence in Applied Medical Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Deblanc C, Quéguiner S, Gorin S, Richard G, Moro A, Barbier N, Le Diguerher G, Paboeuf F, Hervé S, Simon G. Pathogenicity and escape to pre-existing immunity of a new genotype of swine influenza H1N2 virus that emerged in France in 2020. Vet Res 2024; 55:65. [PMID: 38773540 PMCID: PMC11110284 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2020, a new genotype of swine H1N2 influenza virus (H1avN2-HA 1C.2.4) was identified in France. It rapidly spread within the pig population and supplanted the previously predominant H1avN1-HA 1C.2.1 virus. To characterize this new genotype which is genetically and antigenically distant from the other H1avNx viruses detected in France, an experimental study was conducted to compare the outcomes of H1avN2 and H1avN1 infections in pigs and evaluate the protection conferred by the only inactivated vaccine currently licensed in Europe containing an HA 1C (clade 1C.2.2) antigen. Infection with H1avN2 induced stronger clinical signs and earlier shedding than H1avN1. The neutralizing antibodies produced following H1avN2 infection were unable to neutralize H1avN1, and vice versa, whereas the cellular-mediated immunity cross-reacted. Vaccination slightly altered the impact of H1avN2 infection at the clinical level, but did not prevent shedding of infectious virus particles. It induced a cellular-mediated immune response towards H1avN2, but did not produce neutralizing antibodies against this virus. As in vaccinated animals, animals previously infected by H1avN1 developed a cross-reacting cellular immune response but no neutralizing antibodies against H1avN2. However, H1avN1 pre-infection induced a better protection against the H1avN2 infection than vaccination, probably due to higher levels of non-neutralizing antibodies and a mucosal immunity. Altogether, these results showed that the new H1avN2 genotype induced a severe respiratory infection and that the actual vaccine was less effective against this H1avN2-HA 1C.2.4 than against H1avN1-HA 1C.2.1, which may have contributed to the H1avN2 epizootic and dissemination in pig farms in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Deblanc
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France.
| | - Stéphane Quéguiner
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Stéphane Gorin
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Gautier Richard
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Angélique Moro
- SPF Pig Production and Experimentation, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Nicolas Barbier
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Gérald Le Diguerher
- SPF Pig Production and Experimentation, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Frédéric Paboeuf
- SPF Pig Production and Experimentation, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Séverine Hervé
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
| | - Gaëlle Simon
- Swine Virology Immunology Unit, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), 22440, Ploufragan, France
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Nham E, Noh JY, Park O, Choi WS, Song JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ. COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies in the Endemic Period: Lessons from Influenza. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:514. [PMID: 38793765 PMCID: PMC11125835 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious zoonotic respiratory disease with many similarities to influenza. Effective vaccines are available for both; however, rapid viral evolution and waning immunity make them virtually impossible to eradicate with vaccines. Thus, the practical goal of vaccination is to reduce the incidence of serious illnesses and death. Three years after the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines, the optimal vaccination strategy in the endemic period remains elusive, and health authorities worldwide have begun to adopt various approaches. Herein, we propose a COVID-19 vaccination strategy based on the data available until early 2024 and discuss aspects that require further clarification for better decision making. Drawing from comparisons between COVID-19 and influenza vaccination strategies, our proposed COVID-19 vaccination strategy prioritizes high-risk groups, emphasizes seasonal administration aligned with influenza vaccination campaigns, and advocates the co-administration with influenza vaccines to increase coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliel Nham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; (E.N.); (J.Y.N.); (O.P.); (W.S.C.); (J.Y.S.); (H.J.C.)
- Vaccine Innovation Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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8
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Hamamoto I. Developments and current challenges in the process of cell culture-based seasonal influenza vaccine manufacture in Japan. Glob Health Med 2024; 6:93-100. [PMID: 38690131 PMCID: PMC11043132 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2023.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection primarily caused by influenza A and B viruses, which circulate annually and cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Annual influenza vaccination is currently the most effective measure for preventing influenza and greatly reduces the risk of disease severity and the incidence of complications and death. Annual seasonal influenza vaccines are traditionally produced in Japan and many other countries using viruses propagated in embryonated chicken eggs. However, at present, the effectiveness of the seasonal influenza vaccines has some significant limitations, partly because of egg-adaptive mutations in the antigenic sites of the influenza virus haemagglutinin, which are caused by the continued evolution of seasonal influenza viruses. To overcome the limitations of egg-based influenza vaccine production, a mammalian cell culture-based influenza vaccine production system has been developed in Japan in the past decade as an alternative to the current production method. In this review, I have summarised the progress in the development of cell-based seasonal influenza vaccines and discussed the technological challenges encountered in the development of influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsuki Hamamoto
- Laboratory of Cell-based Vaccine Development, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Spruit CM, Palme DI, Li T, Ríos Carrasco M, Gabarroca García A, Sweet IR, Kuryshko M, Maliepaard JCL, Reiding KR, Scheibner D, Boons GJ, Abdelwhab EM, de Vries RP. Complex N-glycans are important for interspecies transmission of H7 influenza A viruses. J Virol 2024; 98:e0194123. [PMID: 38470143 PMCID: PMC11019957 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01941-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) can overcome species barriers by adaptation of the receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin (HA). To initiate infection, HAs bind to glycan receptors with terminal sialic acids, which are either N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) or N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc); the latter is mainly found in horses and pigs but not in birds and humans. We investigated the influence of previously identified equine NeuGc-adapting mutations (S128T, I130V, A135E, T189A, and K193R) in avian H7 IAVs in vitro and in vivo. We observed that these mutations negatively affected viral replication in chicken cells but not in duck cells and positively affected replication in horse cells. In vivo, the mutations reduced virus virulence and mortality in chickens. Ducks excreted high viral loads longer than chickens, although they appeared clinically healthy. To elucidate why these viruses infected chickens and ducks despite the absence of NeuGc, we re-evaluated the receptor binding of H7 HAs using glycan microarray and flow cytometry studies. This re-evaluation demonstrated that mutated avian H7 HAs also bound to α2,3-linked NeuAc and sialyl-LewisX, which have an additional fucose moiety in their terminal epitope, explaining why infection of ducks and chickens was possible. Interestingly, the α2,3-linked NeuAc and sialyl-LewisX epitopes were only bound when presented on tri-antennary N-glycans, emphasizing the importance of investigating the fine receptor specificities of IAVs. In conclusion, the binding of NeuGc-adapted H7 IAV to tri-antennary N-glycans enables viral replication and shedding by chickens and ducks, potentially facilitating interspecies transmission of equine-adapted H7 IAVs.IMPORTANCEInfluenza A viruses (IAVs) cause millions of deaths and illnesses in birds and mammals each year. The viral surface protein hemagglutinin initiates infection by binding to host cell terminal sialic acids. Hemagglutinin adaptations affect the binding affinity to these sialic acids and the potential host species targeted. While avian and human IAVs tend to bind to N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid), equine H7 viruses prefer binding to N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc). To better understand the function of NeuGc-specific adaptations in hemagglutinin and to elucidate interspecies transmission potential NeuGc-adapted viruses, we evaluated the effects of NeuGc-specific mutations in avian H7 viruses in chickens and ducks, important economic hosts and reservoir birds, respectively. We also examined the impact on viral replication and found a binding affinity to tri-antennary N-glycans containing different terminal epitopes. These findings are significant as they contribute to the understanding of the role of receptor binding in avian influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M. Spruit
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diana I. Palme
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tiehai Li
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - María Ríos Carrasco
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alba Gabarroca García
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Igor R. Sweet
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maryna Kuryshko
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joshua C. L. Maliepaard
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karli R. Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David Scheibner
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Elsayed M. Abdelwhab
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert P. de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Unione L, Ammerlaan ANA, Bosman GP, Uslu E, Liang R, Broszeit F, van der Woude R, Liu Y, Ma S, Liu L, Gómez-Redondo M, Bermejo IA, Valverde P, Diercks T, Ardá A, de Vries RP, Boons GJ. Probing altered receptor specificities of antigenically drifting human H3N2 viruses by chemoenzymatic synthesis, NMR, and modeling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2979. [PMID: 38582892 PMCID: PMC10998905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Prototypic receptors for human influenza viruses are N-glycans carrying α2,6-linked sialosides. Due to immune pressure, A/H3N2 influenza viruses have emerged with altered receptor specificities that bind α2,6-linked sialosides presented on extended N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) chains. Here, binding modes of such drifted hemagglutinin's (HAs) are examined by chemoenzymatic synthesis of N-glycans having 13C-labeled monosaccharides at strategic positions. The labeled glycans are employed in 2D STD-1H by 13C-HSQC NMR experiments to pinpoint which monosaccharides of the extended LacNAc chain engage with evolutionarily distinct HAs. The NMR data in combination with computation and mutagenesis demonstrate that mutations distal to the receptor binding domain of recent HAs create an extended binding site that accommodates with the extended LacNAc chain. A fluorine containing sialoside is used as NMR probe to derive relative binding affinities and confirms the contribution of the extended LacNAc chain for binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Unione
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Euskadi Plaza 5, 48009, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Augustinus N A Ammerlaan
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerlof P Bosman
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elif Uslu
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruonan Liang
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Broszeit
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roosmarijn van der Woude
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shengzhou Ma
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Marcos Gómez-Redondo
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iris A Bermejo
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pablo Valverde
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Tammo Diercks
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CICbioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Euskadi Plaza 5, 48009, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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11
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Lim CML, Komarasamy TV, Adnan NAAB, Radhakrishnan AK, Balasubramaniam VRMT. Recent Advances, Approaches and Challenges in the Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13276. [PMID: 38513364 PMCID: PMC10957243 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Every year, influenza virus infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. They pose a substantial burden of disease, in terms of not only health but also the economy. Owing to the ability of influenza viruses to continuously evolve, annual seasonal influenza vaccines are necessary as a prophylaxis. However, current influenza vaccines against seasonal strains have limited effectiveness and require yearly reformulation due to the virus undergoing antigenic drift or shift. Vaccine mismatches are common, conferring suboptimal protection against seasonal outbreaks, and the threat of the next pandemic continues to loom. Therefore, there is a great need to develop a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) capable of providing broad and durable protection against all influenza virus strains. In the quest to develop a UIV that would obviate the need for annual vaccination and formulation, a multitude of strategies is currently underway. Promising approaches include targeting the highly conserved epitopes of haemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), M2 extracellular domain (M2e) and internal proteins of the influenza virus. The identification and characterization of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting conserved regions of the viral HA protein, in particular, have provided important insight into novel vaccine designs and platforms. This review discusses universal vaccine approaches presently under development, with an emphasis on those targeting the highly conserved stalk of the HA protein, recent technological advancements used and the future prospects of a UIV in terms of its advantages, developmental obstacles and potential shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Myn Li Lim
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Thamil Vaani Komarasamy
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Nur Amelia Azreen Binti Adnan
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Vinod R. M. T. Balasubramaniam
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
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12
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Nunthaboot N, Boonma T, Rajchakom C, Nutho B, Rungrotmongkol T. Efficiency of membrane fusion inhibitors on different hemagglutinin subtypes: insight from a molecular dynamics simulation perspective. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38415365 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2322629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The challenge in vaccine development, along with drug resistance issues, has encouraged the search for new anti-influenza drugs targeting different viral proteins. Hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein, crucial in the viral replication cycle, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. CBS1117 and JNJ4796 were reported to exhibit similar potencies against infectious group 1 influenza, which included H1 and H5 HAs; however, their potencies were significantly reduced against group 2 HA. This study aims to explore the molecular binding mechanisms and group specificity of these fusion inhibitors against both group 1 (H5) and group 2 (H3) HA influenza viruses using molecular dynamics simulations. CBS1117 and JNJ4796 exhibit stronger interactions with key residues within the H5 HA binding pocket compared to H3-ligand complexes. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions involving residues, such as H381, Q401, T3251 (H5-CBS1117), T3181 (H5-JNJ4796), W212, I452, V482, and V522 predominantly contribute to stabilizing H5-ligand systems. In contrast, these interactions are notably weakened in H3-inhibitor complexes. Predicted protein-ligand binding free energies align with experimental data, indicating CBS1117 and JNJ4796's preference for heterosubtypic group 1 HA binding. Understanding the detailed atomistic mechanisms behind the varying potencies of these inhibitors against the two HA groups can significantly contribute to the development and optimization of effective HA fusion inhibitors. To accomplish this, the knowledge of the transition of HA from its pre- to post-fusion states, the molecular size of ligands, and their potential binding regions, could be carefully considered.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadtanet Nunthaboot
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit of Pure and Applied Chemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Thitiya Boonma
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit of Pure and Applied Chemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Chananya Rajchakom
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit of Pure and Applied Chemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Bodee Nutho
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Ma S, Liu L, Eggink D, Herfst S, Fouchier RAM, de Vries RP, Boons GJ. Asymmetrical Biantennary Glycans Prepared by a Stop-and-Go Strategy Reveal Receptor Binding Evolution of Human Influenza A Viruses. JACS AU 2024; 4:607-618. [PMID: 38425896 PMCID: PMC10900492 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Glycan binding properties of respiratory viruses have been difficult to probe due to a lack of biologically relevant glycans for binding studies. Here, a stop-and-go chemoenzymatic methodology is presented that gave access to a panel of 32 asymmetrical biantennary N-glycans having various numbers of N-acetyl lactosamine (LacNAc) repeating units capped by α2,3- or α2,6-sialosides resembling structures found in airway tissues. It exploits that the branching enzymes MGAT1 and MGAT2 can utilize unnatural UDP-2-deoxy-2-trifluoro-N-acetamido-glucose (UDP-GlcNTFA) as donor. The TFA moiety of the resulting glycans can be hydrolyzed to give GlcNH2 at one of the antennae, which temporarily blocks extension by glycosyl transferases. The N-glycans were printed as a microarray that was probed for receptor binding specificities of the evolutionary distinct human A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. It was found that not only the sialoside type but also the length of the LacNAc chain and presentation at the α1,3-antenna of N-glycans are critical for binding. Early A(H3N2) viruses bound to 2,6-sialosides at a single LacNAc moiety at the α1,3-antenna whereas later viruses required the sialoside to be presented at a tri-LacNAc moiety. Surprisingly, most of the A(H3N2) viruses that appeared after 2021 regained binding capacity to sialosides presented at a di-LacNAc moiety. As a result, these viruses again agglutinate erythrocytes, commonly employed for antigenic characterization of influenza viruses. Human A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses have similar receptor binding properties as recent A(H3N2) viruses. The data indicate that an asymmetric N-glycan having 2,6-sialoside at a di-LacNAc moiety is a commonly employed receptor by human influenza A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhou Ma
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Lin Liu
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Amsterdam
UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department
of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, Laboratory of Applied
Evolutionary Biology, 1105
AZ Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
- Center
for Infectious Disease Control, National
Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department
of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical
Center, 3015 CD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. M. Fouchier
- Department
of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical
Center, 3015 CD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert P. de Vries
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Bijvoet
Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht
University, Padualaan
8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Rolta R, Salaria D, Fadare OA, Fadare RY, Masih GD, Prakash A, Medhi B. Identification of novel inhibitor phytoconstituents for Influenza A H3N2: an in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38247233 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2305313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Influenza A virus subtype H3N2 is a highly infectious respiratory virus that is responsible for global seasonal flu epidemics. The current study was designed to investigate the antiviral activity of 150 phytocompounds of North Western Himalayas medicinal plants by molecular docking. Two target proteins of hemagglutinin of influenza virus A (PDB ID 4WE8) and Influenza virus H3N2 nucleoprotein - R416A mutant (PDB ID 7NT8) are selected for this study. Molecular docking was done by AutoDock vina tool, toxicity and drug-likeness prediction was done by protox II and Moleinspiration. MD simulation of best protein-ligand complexes was done by using Gromacs, version 2021.5. Molecular docking and toxicity data revealed that clicoemodin and rumexocide showed the best binding with both target proteins 4WEB & 7NT8. Clicoemodin showed the -7.5 KJ/mol binding energy with 4WE8 and 7NT8. Similarly, rumexoside showed the -7.6 KJ/mol binding energy with 4WE8 and -7.6 KJ/mol with 7NT8. Furthermore, Molecular dynamic simulation and MMPBSA binding free energy validated the stability of protein-ligand complexes. The current study suggested that clicoemodin and rumexocide are the promising inhibitors of H3N2 proteins hemagglutinin of influenza virus A and Influenza virus H3N2 nucleoprotein - R416A mutant, though there is further in vitro and in vivo validation is required.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Rolta
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deeksha Salaria
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Olatomide A Fadare
- Organic Chemistry Research Lab, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Osun, Nigeria
| | - Racheal Y Fadare
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria
| | - Gladson David Masih
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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15
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Uno N, Ross TM. Multivalent next generation influenza virus vaccines protect against seasonal and pre-pandemic viruses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1440. [PMID: 38228649 PMCID: PMC10792005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Each year, new influenza virus vaccine formulations are generated to keep up with continuously circulating and mutating viral variants. A next-generation influenza virus vaccine would provide long-lasting, broadly-reactive immune protection against current and future influenza virus strains for both seasonal and pre-pandemic viruses. Next generation immunogens were designed using computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology to protect against a broad range of strains over numerous seasons. Novel HA and NA amino acid sequences were derived from multilayered consensus sequence alignment for multiple subtypes of influenza. This multivalent formulation was hypothesized to elicit broadly protective immune responses against both seasonal and pre-pandemic influenza viruses. Mice were vaccinated with multivalent mixtures of HA and NA (H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, N1, N2) proteins. Multivalent COBRA vaccinations elicited antibodies that recognized a broad panel of strains and vaccinated mice were protected against viruses representing multiple subtypes. This is a promising candidate for a universal influenza vaccine that elicits protective immune responses against seasonal and pre-pandemic strains over multiple seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Uno
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 9801 SW Discovery Way, Port Saint Lucie, FL, 34986, USA.
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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16
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Radivoyevitch T, Gale RP, Kalaycio ME. What do atomic bomb survivors teach us about therapy-free remission in people with chronic myeloid leukaemia? Leukemia 2024; 38:207-209. [PMID: 37949937 PMCID: PMC10776394 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Radivoyevitch
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Robert Peter Gale
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matt E Kalaycio
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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17
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Fall A, Han L, Yunker M, Gong YN, Li TJ, Norton JM, Abdullah O, Rothman RE, Fenstermacher KZJ, Morris CP, Pekosz A, Klein E, Mostafa HH. Evolution of Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses in 2 Consecutive Seasons of Genomic Surveillance, 2021-2023. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad577. [PMID: 38088981 PMCID: PMC10715682 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The circulation and the genomic evolution of influenza A(H3N2) viruses during the 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 seasons were studied and associated with infection outcomes. Methods Remnant influenza A-positive samples following standard-of-care testing from patients across the Johns Hopkins Health System (JHHS) were used for the study. Samples were randomly selected for whole viral genome sequencing. The sequence-based pEpitope model was used to estimate the predicted vaccine efficacy (pVE) for circulating H3N2 viruses. Clinical data were collected and associated with viral genomic data. Results A total of 121 683 respiratory specimens were tested for influenza at JHHS between 1 September 2021 and 31 December 2022. Among them, 6071 (4.99%) tested positive for influenza A. Of these, 805 samples were randomly selected for sequencing, with hemagglutinin (HA) segments characterized for 610 samples. Among the characterized samples, 581 were H3N2 (95.2%). Phylogenetic analysis of HA segments revealed the exclusive circulation of H3N2 viruses with HA segments of the 3C.2a1b.2a.2 clade. Analysis of a total of 445 complete H3N2 genomes revealed reassortments; 200 of 227 of the 2022/2023 season genomes (88.1%) were found to have reassorted with clade 3C.2a1b.1a. The pVE was estimated to be -42.53% for the 2021/2022 season and 30.27% for the 2022/2023 season. No differences in clinical presentations or admissions were observed between the 2 seasons. Conclusions The increased numbers of cases and genomic diversity of influenza A(H3N2) during the 2022/2023 season were not associated with a change in disease severity compared to the previous influenza season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amary Fall
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lijie Han
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Madeline Yunker
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu-Nong Gong
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- International Master Degree Program for Molecular Medicine in Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Jung Li
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- International Master Degree Program for Molecular Medicine in Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Julie M Norton
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Omar Abdullah
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard E Rothman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - C Paul Morris
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Integrated Research Facility, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- W.Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eili Klein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics, and Policy, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Heba H Mostafa
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Wolf RM, Antoon JW. Influenza in Children and Adolescents: Epidemiology, Management, and Prevention. Pediatr Rev 2023; 44:605-617. [PMID: 37907421 PMCID: PMC10676733 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2023-005962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
EDUCATION GAP Influenza is among the most common infectious causes of pediatric emergency department visits and hospitalizations. Clinicians should use evidence-based guidelines to learn how to identify, manage, prevent, and treat influenza cases. Disease caused by influenza virus can be mitigated with appropriate treatment and prevention efforts. OBJECTIVES After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the virology and epidemiology of influenza. 2. List the clinical features and complications of influenza infections. 3. List the benefits and limitations of testing modalities for the diagnosis of influenza. 4. Appropriately apply American Academy of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) treatment guidelines for influenza or suspected influenza. 5. Describe the importance of influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - James W Antoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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19
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Spruit CM, Sweet IR, Maliepaard JCL, Bestebroer T, Lexmond P, Qiu B, Damen MJA, Fouchier RAM, Reiding KR, Snijder J, Herfst S, Boons GJ, de Vries RP. Contemporary human H3N2 influenza A viruses require a low threshold of suitable glycan receptors for efficient infection. Glycobiology 2023; 33:784-800. [PMID: 37471650 PMCID: PMC10629718 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent human H3N2 influenza A viruses have evolved to employ elongated glycans terminating in α2,6-linked sialic acid as their receptors. These glycans are displayed in low abundancies by (humanized) Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells, which are commonly employed to propagate influenza A virus, resulting in low or no viral propagation. Here, we examined whether the overexpression of the glycosyltransferases β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1, which are responsible for the elongation of poly-N-acetyllactosamines (LacNAcs), would result in improved A/H3N2 propagation. Stable overexpression of β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney and "humanized" Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cells was achieved by lentiviral integration and subsequent antibiotic selection and confirmed by qPCR and protein mass spectrometry experiments. Flow cytometry and glycan mass spectrometry experiments using the β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase and/or β-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 knock-in cells demonstrated increased binding of viral hemagglutinins and the presence of a larger number of LacNAc repeating units, especially on "humanized" Madin-Darby Canine Kidney-β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase cells. An increase in the number of glycan receptors did, however, not result in a greater infection efficiency of recent human H3N2 viruses. Based on these results, we propose that H3N2 influenza A viruses require a low number of suitable glycan receptors to infect cells and that an increase in the glycan receptor display above this threshold does not result in improved infection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M Spruit
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Igor R Sweet
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua C L Maliepaard
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Lexmond
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boning Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam J A Damen
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Robert P de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Longsompurana P, Rungrotmongkol T, Plongthongkum N, Wangkanont K, Wolschann P, Poo-arporn RP. Computational design of novel nanobodies targeting the receptor binding domain of variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293263. [PMID: 37874836 PMCID: PMC10597523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created an urgent need for effective therapeutic and diagnostic strategies to manage the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the emergence of numerous variants of concern (VOCs) has made it challenging to develop targeted therapies that are broadly specific in neutralizing the virus. In this study, we aimed to develop neutralizing nanobodies (Nbs) using computational techniques that can effectively neutralize the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. We evaluated the performance of different protein-protein docking programs and identified HDOCK as the most suitable program for Nb/RBD docking with high accuracy. Using this approach, we designed 14 novel Nbs with high binding affinity to the VOC RBDs. The Nbs were engineered with mutated amino acids that interacted with key amino acids of the RBDs, resulting in higher binding affinity than human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and other viral RBDs or haemagglutinins (HAs). The successful development of these Nbs demonstrates the potential of molecular modeling as a low-cost and time-efficient method for engineering effective Nbs against SARS-CoV-2. The engineered Nbs have the potential to be employed in RBD-neutralizing assays, facilitating the identification of novel treatment, prevention, and diagnostic strategies against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoomintara Longsompurana
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Center of Excellence in Biocatalyst and Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nongluk Plongthongkum
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittikhun Wangkanont
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Crop, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peter Wolschann
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rungtiva P. Poo-arporn
- Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
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21
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Moss S, Jurkowicz M, Nemet I, Atari N, Kliker L, Abd-Elkader B, Gonen T, Martin ET, Lustig Y, Regev-Yochay G, Mandelboim M. Immunogenicity of Co-Administered Omicron BA.4/BA.5 Bivalent COVID-19 and Quadrivalent Seasonal Influenza Vaccines in Israel during the 2022-2023 Winter Season. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1624. [PMID: 37897026 PMCID: PMC10610948 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against COVID-19 and influenza provides the best defense against morbidity and mortality. Administering both vaccines concurrently may increase vaccination rates and reduce the burden on the healthcare system. This study evaluated the immunogenicity of healthcare workers in Israel who were co-administered with the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 bivalent COVID-19 vaccine and the 2022-2023 quadrivalent influenza vaccine. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers were measured via microneutralization while influenza antibody titers were measured via hemagglutination inhibition. No immunogenic interference was observed by either vaccine when co-administered. Antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 variants increased significantly in the cohort receiving the COVID-19 vaccine alone and in combination with the influenza vaccine. Antibody titers against the A/H1N1 influenza strain increased significantly in the cohort receiving the influenza vaccine alone and in combination with the COVID-19 vaccine. Antibody titers against B/Victoria increased significantly in the cohort that received both vaccines. This study has important public health implications for the 2023-2024 winter season, and supports co-administration of both vaccines as a viable immunization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Moss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Menucha Jurkowicz
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5265601, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Nofar Atari
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5265601, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Bayan Abd-Elkader
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Tal Gonen
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel
| | - Emily Toth Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5265601, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
| | - Gili Regev-Yochay
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262504, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5265601, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 5265601, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5266202, Israel
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22
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Kurt M, Ercan S, Pirinccioglu N. Designing new drug candidates as inhibitors against wild and mutant type neuraminidases: molecular docking, molecular dynamics and binding free energy calculations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:7847-7861. [PMID: 36152997 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2125440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus is the cause of the death of millions of people with about 3-4 pandemics every hundred years in history. It also turns into a seasonal disease, bringing about approximately 5-15% of the population to be infected and 290,000-650,000 people to die every year. These numbers reveal that it is necessary to be on the alert to work towards influenza in order to protect public health. There are FDA-approved antiviral drugs such as oseltamivir and zanamivir recommended by the World Center for Disease Prevention. However, after the recent outbreaks such as bird flu and swine flu, increasing studies have shown that the flu virus has gained resistance to these drugs. So, there is an urgent need to find new drugs effective against this virus. This study aims to investigate new drug candidates targeting neuraminidase (NA) for the treatment of influenza by using computer aided drug design approaches. They involve virtual scanning, de novo design, rational design, docking, MD, MMGB/PBSA. The investigation includes H1N1, H5N1, H2N2 and H3N2 neuraminidase proteins and their mutant variants possessing resistance to FDA-approved drugs. Virtual screening consists of approximately 30 thousand molecules while de novo and rational designs produced over a hundred molecules. These approaches produced three lead molecules with binding energies for both non-mutant (-34.84, -59.99 and -60.66 kcal/mol) and mutant (-40.40, -58.93, -76.19 kcal/mol) H2N2 NA calculated by MM-PBSA compared with those of oseltamivir -25.64 and -18.40 respectively. The results offer new drug candidates against influenza infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kurt
- Institute of Science, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Selami Ercan
- Department of Chemistry, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
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23
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Peng F, Xia Y, Li W. Prediction of Antigenic Distance in Influenza A Using Attribute Network Embedding. Viruses 2023; 15:1478. [PMID: 37515165 PMCID: PMC10385503 DOI: 10.3390/v15071478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the rapid changes in the antigenicity of influenza viruses, it is difficult for humans to obtain lasting immunity through antiviral therapy. Hence, tracking the dynamic changes in the antigenicity of influenza viruses can provide a basis for vaccines and drug treatments to cope with the spread of influenza viruses. In this paper, we developed a novel quantitative prediction method to predict the antigenic distance between virus strains using attribute network embedding techniques. An antigenic network is built to model and combine the genetic and antigenic characteristics of the influenza A virus H3N2, using the continuous distributed representation of the virus strain protein sequence (ProtVec) as a node attribute and the antigenic distance between virus strains as an edge weight. The results show a strong positive correlation between supplementing genetic features and antigenic distance prediction accuracy. Further analysis indicates that our prediction model can comprehensively and accurately track the differences in antigenic distances between vaccines and influenza virus strains, and it outperforms existing methods in predicting antigenic distances between strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Peng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuanling Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Weihua Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
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24
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Parsons LM, Zoueva O, Grubbs G, Plant E, Jankowska E, Xie Y, Song H, Gao GF, Ye Z, Khurana S, Cipollo JF. Glycosylation of H4 influenza strains with pandemic potential and susceptibilities to lung surfactant SP-D. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1207670. [PMID: 37383151 PMCID: PMC10296771 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1207670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that members of group 1 influenza A virus (IAV) containing H2, H5, H6, and H11 hemagglutinins (HAs) are resistant to lung surfactant protein D (SP-D). H3 viruses, members of group 2 IAV, have high affinity for SP-D, which depends on the presence of high-mannose glycans at glycosite N165 on the head of HA. The low affinity of SP-D for the group 1 viruses is due to the presence of complex glycans at an analogous glycosite on the head of HA, and replacement with high-mannose glycan at this site evoked strong interaction with SP-D. Thus, if members of group 1 IAV were to make the zoonotic leap to humans, the pathogenicity of such strains could be problematic since SP-D, as a first-line innate immunity factor in respiratory tissues, could be ineffective as demonstrated in vitro. Here, we extend these studies to group 2 H4 viruses that are representative of those with specificity for avian or swine sialyl receptors, i.e., those with receptor-binding sites with either Q226 and G228 for avian or recent Q226L and G228S mutations that facilitate swine receptor specificity. The latter have increased pathogenicity potential in humans due to a switch from avian sialylα2,3 to sialylα2,6 glycan receptor preference. A better understanding of the potential action of SP-D against these strains will provide important information regarding the pandemic risk of such strains. Our glycomics and in vitro analyses of four H4 HAs reveal SP-D-favorable glycosylation patterns. Therefore, susceptibilities to this first-line innate immunity defense respiratory surfactant against such H4 viruses are high and align with H3 HA glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Parsons
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Olga Zoueva
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Viral Products, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Gabrielle Grubbs
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Viral Products, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Ewan Plant
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Viral Products, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Ewa Jankowska
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Yijia Xie
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Song
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - George F. Gao
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Ye
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Viral Products, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Surender Khurana
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Viral Products, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - John F. Cipollo
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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25
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Agustiningsih A, Indalao IL, Pangesti KA, Sukowati CHC, Ramadhany R. Molecular Characterization of Influenza A/H3N2 Virus Isolated from Indonesian Hajj and Umrah Pilgrims 2013 to 2014. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051100. [PMID: 37240745 DOI: 10.3390/life13051100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hajj and Umrah are the annual mass gatherings of Muslims in Saudi Arabia and increase the transmission risk of acute respiratory infection. This study describes influenza infection among pilgrims upon arrival in Indonesia and the genetic characterization of imported influenza A/H3N2 virus. In total, 251 swab samples with influenza-like illness were tested using real-time RT-PCR for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and influenza viruses. Complete sequences of influenza A/H3N2 HA and NA genes were obtained using DNA sequencing and plotted to amino acid and antigenicity changes. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using a neighbour-joining method including the WHO vaccine strains and influenza A/H3N2 as references. The real-time RT-PCR test detected 100 (39.5%) samples positive with influenza with no positivity of MERS-CoV. Mutations in the HA gene were mainly located within the antigenic sites A, B, and D, while for the NA gene, no mutations related to oseltamivir resistance were observed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these viruses grouped together with clades 3C.2 and 3C.3; however, they were not closely grouped with the WHO-recommended vaccine (clades 3C.1). Sequences obtained from Hajj and Umrah pilgrims were also not grouped together with viruses from Middle East countries but clustered according to years of collection. This implies that the influenza A/H3N2 virus mutates continually across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustiningsih Agustiningsih
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), B.J. Habibie Building, Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta Pusat, DKI, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
| | - Irene Lorinda Indalao
- Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Jl. H.R. Rasuna Said Blok X.5 Kav. 4-9, Jakarta Selatan, DKI, Jakarta 12950, Indonesia
| | - Krisnanur A Pangesti
- Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Jl. H.R. Rasuna Said Blok X.5 Kav. 4-9, Jakarta Selatan, DKI, Jakarta 12950, Indonesia
| | - Caecilia H C Sukowati
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), B.J. Habibie Building, Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta Pusat, DKI, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34049 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ririn Ramadhany
- Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Jl. H.R. Rasuna Said Blok X.5 Kav. 4-9, Jakarta Selatan, DKI, Jakarta 12950, Indonesia
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26
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Sawant S, Gurley SA, Overman RG, Sharak A, Mudrak SV, Oguin T, Sempowski GD, Sarzotti-Kelsoe M, Walter EB, Xie H, Pasetti MF, Moody MA, Tomaras GD. H3N2 influenza hemagglutination inhibition method qualification with data driven statistical methods for human clinical trials. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155880. [PMID: 37090729 PMCID: PMC10117676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titers to seasonal influenza strains are important surrogates for vaccine-elicited protection. However, HAI assays can be variable across labs, with low sensitivity across diverse viruses due to lack of standardization. Performing qualification of these assays on a strain specific level enables the precise and accurate quantification of HAI titers. Influenza A (H3N2) continues to be a predominant circulating subtype in most countries in Europe and North America since 1968 and is thus a focus of influenza vaccine research. Methods As a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVICs) program, we report on the identification of a robust assay design, rigorous statistical analysis, and complete qualification of an HAI assay using A/Texas/71/2017 as a representative H3N2 strain and guinea pig red blood cells and neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir to prevent NA-mediated agglutination. Results This qualified HAI assay is precise (calculated by the geometric coefficient of variation (GCV)) for intermediate precision and intra-operator variability, accurate calculated by relative error, perfectly linear (slope of -1, R-Square 1), robust (<25% GCV) and depicts high specificity and sensitivity. This HAI method was successfully qualified for another H3N2 influenza strain A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016, meeting all pre-specified acceptance criteria. Discussion These results demonstrate that HAI qualification and data generation for new influenza strains can be achieved efficiently with minimal extra testing and development. We report on a qualified and adaptable influenza serology method and analysis strategy to measure quantifiable HAI titers to define correlates of vaccine mediated protection in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Sawant
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sarah Anne Gurley
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - R. Glenn Overman
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Angelina Sharak
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sarah V. Mudrak
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Thomas Oguin
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Marcella Sarzotti-Kelsoe
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Emmanuel B. Walter
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hang Xie
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Marcela F. Pasetti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - M. Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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27
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Hu M, Kackos C, Banoth B, Ojha CR, Jones JC, Lei S, Li L, Kercher L, Webby RJ, Russell CJ. Hemagglutinin destabilization in H3N2 vaccine reference viruses skews antigenicity and prevents airborne transmission in ferrets. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf5182. [PMID: 36989367 PMCID: PMC10058244 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During influenza virus entry, the hemagglutinin (HA) protein binds receptors and causes membrane fusion after endosomal acid activation. To improve vaccine efficiency and pandemic risk assessment for currently-dominant H3N2 influenza viruses, we investigated HA stability of 6 vaccine reference viruses and 42 circulating viruses. Recent vaccine reference viruses had destabilized HA proteins due to egg-adaptive mutation HA1-L194P. Virus growth in cell culture was independent of HA stability. In ferrets, the vaccine reference viruses and circulating viruses required a relatively stable HA (activation and inactivation pH < 5.5) for airborne transmissibility. The recent vaccine reference viruses with destabilized HA proteins had reduced infectivity, had no airborne transmissibility unless reversion to HA1-P194L occurred, and had skewed antigenicity away from the studied viruses and circulating H3N2 viruses. Other vaccine reference viruses with stabilized HAs retained infectivity, transmissibility, and antigenicity. Therefore, HA stabilization should be prioritized over destabilization in vaccine reference virus selection to reduce mismatches between vaccine and circulating viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Christina Kackos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Balaji Banoth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Chet Raj Ojha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Jeremy C. Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Shaohua Lei
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
- Center of Excellence for Leukemia Studies, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lisa Kercher
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Charles J. Russell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Xu T, Lai J, Su J, Chen D, Zhao M, Li Y, Zhu B. Inhibition of H3N2 Influenza Virus Induced Apoptosis by Selenium Nanoparticles with Chitosan through ROS-Mediated Signaling Pathways. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8473-8480. [PMID: 36910922 PMCID: PMC9996618 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nanotechnology has received more and more attention in the antiviral field. Among them, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have received a lot of attention. Chitosan, as a substance with antiviral effect, is limited by water solubility, low bioavailability, and poor stability. In this study, the combination of SeNPs with chitosan (Se@CS) showed less toxic and good anti-H3N2 infection effect. CCK-8 and RT-PCR showed that Se@CS effectively prevented H3N2 infection of MDCK cells by inhibiting viral replication and preventing cell fragmentation and cell aggregation. In addition, Se@CS can inhibit the excessive production of ROS and the change of mitochondrial membrane potential. More importantly, Se@CS can inhibit the late apoptosis of cells caused by virus, which may be related to the inhibition of apoptotic proteins in the ROS/JNK apoptotic signaling pathway. Finally, Se@CS was also found to inhibit H3N2-induced inflammation and alleviate infection. These results prove that Se@CS is a promising inhibitor for controlling influenza H3N2 virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yinghua Li
- . Phone: +86 20-81330740. Fax: +86 20 81885978
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29
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Korsun N, Trifonova I, Dobrinov V, Madzharova I, Grigorova I, Christova I. Low prevalence of influenza viruses and predominance of A(H3N2) virus with respect to SARS-CoV-2 during the 2021-2022 season in Bulgaria. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28489. [PMID: 36832544 PMCID: PMC10107854 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Social distancing, mask-wearing, and travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly impacted the spread of influenza viruses. The objectives of this study were to analyze the pattern of influenza virus circulation with respect to that of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Bulgaria during the 2021-2022 season and to perform a phylogenetic/molecular analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) sequences of representative influenza strains. Influenza infection was confirmed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 93 (4.2%) of the 2193 patients with acute respiratory illness tested wherein all detected viruses were subtyped as A(H3N2). SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 377 (24.3%) of the 1552 patients tested. Significant differences in the incidence of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 were found between individual age groups, outpatients/inpatients, and in the seasonal distribution of cases. Two cases of coinfections were identified. In hospitalized patients, the Ct values of influenza viruses at admission were lower in adults aged ≥65 years (indicating higher viral load) than in children aged 0-14 years (p < 0.05). In SARS-CoV-2-positive inpatients, this association was not statistically significant. HA genes of all A(H3N2) viruses analyzed belonged to subclade 3C.2a1b.2a. The sequenced viruses carried 11 substitutions in HA and 5 in NA, in comparison to the vaccine virus A/Cambodia/e0826360/2020, including several substitutions in the HA antigenic sites B and C. This study revealed extensive changes in the typical epidemiology of influenza infection, including a dramatic reduction in the number of cases, diminished genetic diversity of circulating viruses, changes in age, and seasonal distribution of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Korsun
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivelina Trifonova
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Veselin Dobrinov
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iveta Madzharova
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyana Grigorova
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iva Christova
- National Laboratory "Influenza and ARI", Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Galli C, Pellegrinelli L, Giardina F, Ferrari G, Uceda Renteria SC, Novazzi F, Masi E, Pagani E, Piccirilli G, Mauro MV, Binda S, Corvaro B, Tiberio C, Lalle E, Maggi F, Russo C, Ranno S, Vian E, Pariani E, Baldanti F, Piralla A. On the lookout for influenza viruses in Italy during the 2021-2022 season: Along came A(H3N2) viruses with a new phylogenetic makeup of their hemagglutinin. Virus Res 2023; 324:199033. [PMID: 36581046 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess influenza viruses (IVs) circulation and to evaluate A(H3N2) molecular evolution during the 2021-2022 season in Italy. MATERIALS AND METHODS 12,393 respiratory specimens (nasopharyngeal swabs or broncho-alveolar lavages) collected from in/outpatients with influenza illness in the period spanning from January 1, 2022 (week 2022-01) to May 31, 2022 (week 2022-22) were analysed to identify IV genome and were molecularly characterized by 12 laboratories throughout Italy. A(H3N2) evolution was studied by conducting an in-depth phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequences. The predicted vaccine efficacy (pVE) of vaccine strain against circulating A(H3N2) viruses was estimated using the sequence-based Pepitope model. RESULTS The overall IV-positive rate was 7.2% (894/12,393), all were type A IVs. Almost all influenza A viruses (846/894; 94.6%) were H3N2 that circulated in Italy with a clear epidemic trend, with 10% positivity rate threshold crossed for six consecutive weeks from week 2022-11 to week 2022-16. According to the phylogenetic analysis of a subset of A(H3N2) strains (n=161), the study HA sequences were distributed into five different genetic clusters, all of them belonging to the clade 3C.2a, sub-clade 3C.2a1 and the genetic subgroup 3C.2a1b.2a.2. The selective pressure analysis of A(H3N2) sequences showed evidence of diversifying selection particularly in the amino acid position 156. The comparison between the predicted amino acid sequence of the 2021-2022 vaccine strain (A/Cambodia/e0826360/2020) and the study strains revealed 65 mutations in 59 HA amino acid positions, including the substitution H156S and Y159N in antigenic site B, within major antigenic sites adjacent to the receptor-binding site, suggesting the presence of drifted strains. According to the sequence-based Pepitope model, antigenic site B was the dominant antigenic site and the p(VE) against circulating A(H3N2) viruses was estimated to be -28.9%. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION After a long period of very low IV activity since public health control measures have been introduced to face COVID-19 pandemic, along came A(H3N2) with a new phylogenetic makeup. Although the delayed 2021-2022 influenza season in Italy was characterized by a significant reduction of the width of the epidemic curve and in the intensity of the influenza activity compared to historical data, a marked genetic diversity of the HA of circulating A(H3N2) strains was observed. The identification of the H156S and Y159N substitutions within the main antigenic sites of most HA sequences also suggested the circulation of drifted variants with respect to the 2021-2022 vaccine strain. Molecular surveillance plays a critical role in the influenza surveillance architecture and it has to be strengthened also at local level to timely assess vaccine effectiveness and detect novel strains with potential impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Galli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pellegrinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Giardina
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Ferrari
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Federica Novazzi
- Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy; University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elisa Masi
- Laboratorio Aziendale di Microbiologia e Virologia, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pagani
- Laboratorio Aziendale di Microbiologia e Virologia, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
| | - Giulia Piccirilli
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Mauro
- Microbiology & Virology Unit, Annunziata Hub Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sandro Binda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Corvaro
- Virology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudia Tiberio
- Microbiology and Virology, Cotugno Hospital AORN dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lalle
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Ranno
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Vian
- Microbiology Unit, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Elena Pariani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Piralla
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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31
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Rumfelt KE, Fitzsimmons WJ, Truscon R, Monto AS, Martin ET, Lauring AS. A rapid and flexible microneutralization assay for serological assessment of influenza viruses. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13141. [PMID: 37127782 PMCID: PMC10174083 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological responses from influenza vaccination or infection are typically measured by hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) or microneutralization (MN). Both methods are limited in feasibility, standardization, and generalizability to recent strains. We developed a luciferase MN (LMN) assay that combines the advantages of the conventional MN assay with the ease of the HAI assay. METHODS Sera were obtained from the HIVE study, a Michigan household cohort. Reverse genetics was used to generate recombinant influenza viruses expressing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of test strains, all other viral proteins from an A/WSN/1933 backbone, and a NanoLuc reporter. Serum neutralization of luciferase-expressing targets was quantified as a reduction in light emission from infected cells. Neutralization titers were measured for cell- and egg-adapted versions of A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 and A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 and compared to HAI titers against egg-grown antigens. RESULTS Three hundred thirty-three sera were collected from 259 participants between May 2016 and July 2018. Sampled participants were 7-68 years of age, and >80% were vaccinated against influenza. HAI and LMN titers were correlated for A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (ρ = 0.52, p ≤ 0.01) and A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (ρ = 0.79, p ≤ 0.01). LMN titers were lower for cell strains compared to egg strains (A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 mean log2 fold change = -2.66, p ≤ 0.01 and A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 mean log2 fold change = -3.15, p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The LMN assay was feasible using limited sample volumes and able to differentiate small antigenic differences between egg-adapted and cell-derived strains. The correspondence of these results with the commonly used HAI confirms the utility of this assay for high-throughput studies of correlates of protection and vaccine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalee E. Rumfelt
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - William J. Fitzsimmons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Rachel Truscon
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Arnold S. Monto
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Emily T. Martin
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Adam S. Lauring
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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32
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Chen Y, Hilchey SP, Wang J, Garigen J, Zand MS, Huang J. Anamnestic broadly reactive antibodies induced by H7N9 virus more efficiently bind to seasonal H3N2 strains. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2128014. [PMID: 36197079 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2128014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The very first influenza virus exposure in a human during infancy is known to imprint the host immune system. However, it is unclear how the memory B cells that first target virus epitopes affect antibody response to the stalk of hemagglutinin (HA) domain of influenza virus. Our study is designed to measure the cross-reactivity of antibodies induced by inactivated H7N9 virus using isolated human peripheral blood B cells. Most of the participants displayed higher levels of plasma IgG against the seasonal strains A/Vic11 and A/Cali09 than those binding to historical outbreak A/HK68 and A/PR8. H3 stalk-binding antibodies were detected in plasma at a 1:5000 dilution in 12 of 13 donors, H1 stalk-binding antibodies in all donors, indicating the existence of H3 and H1 stalk-reactive memory B cells. A moderate to high level of broadly cross-reactive antibodies was induced in memory B cells from all donors after in vitro stimulation of B cells with H7N9 virus. H3 stalk-binding antibodies were also detected in most subjects, with cross-reactivity to H1 and H7 stalk domains. The stalk-reactive antibodies bound to five H3 strains spanning 45 years and different H1, H2, H3, H5, H6, H7, H9 and B strains. Interestingly, H1- and H3-reactive IgG were much higher than H7-binding antibodies after 6 days of H7N9 stimulation. Our results demonstrate that HA stalk-reactive antibodies induced by H7N9 viruses more efficiently bound to yearly circulating both H3N2 and H1N1 strains than the boosting strain, indicating that HA stalk immunological imprint can be extended across currently circulating strains or vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shannon P Hilchey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jiong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Garigen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Martin S Zand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Junqiong Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Zhang M, An Y, Wu X, Cai M, Zhang X, Yang C, Tong J, Cui Z, Li X, Huang W, Zhao C, Wang Y. Retrospective immunogenicity analysis of seasonal flu H3N2 vaccines recommended in the past ten years using immunized animal sera. EBioMedicine 2022; 86:104350. [PMID: 36403423 PMCID: PMC9678686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A (H3N2) virus (A/H3N2) has complex antigenic evolution, resulting in frequent vaccine strain updates. We aimed to evaluate the protective effect of the vaccine strains on the circulating strains from past ten years and provide a basis for finding a broader and more efficient A/H3N2 vaccine strain. METHODS Eighty-four representative circulating A/H3N2 strains were selected from 65,791 deposited sequences in 2011-2020 and pseudotyped viruses were constructed with the VSV vector. We immunized guinea pigs with DNA vaccine containing the A/H3N2 components of the vaccine strains from 2011 to 2021 and tested neutralizing antibody against the pseudotyped viruses. We used a hierarchical clustering method to classify the eighty-four representative strains into different antigenic clusters. We also immunized animals with monovalent vaccine stock of the vaccine strains for the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 seasons and tested neutralizing antibody against the pseudotyped viruses. FINDINGS The vaccine strains PE/09, VI/11 and TE/12 induced higher levels of neutralizing antibody against representative strains circulating in recommended year and the year immediately prior whereas vaccine strains HK/14, HK/19 and CA/20 induced poor neutralization against all representative strains. The representative strains were divided into five antigenic clusters (AgV), which were not identical to gene clades. The AgV5 strains were most difficult to be protected among the five clusters. Compared with single-dose immunization, three doses of monovalent vaccine stock (HK/19 or CA/20) could induce stronger and broader neutralizing antibodies against strains in each of the antigenic clusters. INTERPRETATION The protective effect of vaccine strains indicated that the accurate selection of A/H3N2 vaccine strains must remain a top priority. By increasing the frequency of immunization, stronger and broader neutralizing antibodies against strains in all antigenic clusters were induced, which provides direction for a new immunization strategy. FUNDING This work was supported by a grant from National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2021YFC2301700).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Zhang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Yimeng An
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China,Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co. LTD, 350 Anshun Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Meina Cai
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Chaoying Yang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Jincheng Tong
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Zhimin Cui
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Xueli Li
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Chenyan Zhao
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China,Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, Beijing,Corresponding author. Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), No. 31 Huatuo Street, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China.
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Serial Passaging of Seasonal H3N2 Influenza A/Singapore/G2-31.1/2014 Virus in MDCK-SIAT1 Cells and Primary Chick Embryo Cells Generates HA D457G Mutation and Other Variants in HA, NA, PB1, PB1-F2, and NS1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012408. [PMID: 36293269 PMCID: PMC9604028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza remains one of the most prevalent viruses circulating amongst humans and has resulted in several pandemics. The prevention and control of H3N2 influenza is complicated by its propensity for evolution, which leads to vaccine mismatch and reduced vaccine efficacies. This study employed the strategy of serial passaging to compare the evolution of the human seasonal influenza strain A/Singapore/G2-31.1/2014(H3N2) in MDCK-SIAT1 versus primary chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells. Genetic analysis of the HA, NS1, NA, and PB1 gene segments by Sanger sequencing revealed the presence of specific mutations and a repertoire of viral quasispecies following serial passaging. Most quasispecies were also found in PB1, which exhibited consistently high transversion-to-transition ratios in all five MDCK-SIAT1 passages. Most notably, passage 5 virus harbored the D457G substitution in the HA2 subunit, while passage 3 virus acquired K53Q and Q69H mutations in PB1-F2. An A971 variant leading to a non-synonymous R316Q substitution in PB1 was also identified in MDCK-SIAT1 passages 2 and 4. With an increasing number of passages, the proportion of D457G mutations progressively increased and was associated with larger virus plaque sizes. However, microneutralization assays revealed no significant differences in the neutralizing antibody profiles of human-influenza-immune serum samples against pre-passaged virus and passage 5 virus. In contrast, viable virus was only detected in passage 1 of CEF cells, which gave rise to multiple viral RNA quasispecies. Our findings highlight that serial passaging is able to drive differential adaptation of H3N2 influenza in different host species and may alter viral virulence. More studies are warranted to elucidate the complex relationships between H3N2 virus evolution, viral virulence changes, and low vaccine efficacy.
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Abbadi N, Nagashima K, Pena-Briseno A, Ross TM, Mousa JJ. Differential Recognition of Computationally Optimized H3 Hemagglutinin Influenza Vaccine Candidates by Human Antibodies. J Virol 2022; 96:e0089622. [PMID: 35916534 PMCID: PMC9400492 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00896-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Among circulating influenza viruses in humans, H3N2 viruses typically evolve faster than other subtypes and have caused disease in millions of people since emerging in 1968. Computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) technology is one strategy to broaden vaccine-elicited antibody responses among influenza subtypes. In this study, we determined the structural integrity of an H3N2 COBRA hemagglutinin (HA), TJ5, and we probed the antigenic profile of several H3N2 COBRA HAs by assessing recognition of these immunogens by human B cells from seasonally vaccinated human subjects. Of three recently described COBRA H3 HA antigens (TJ5, NG2, and J4), we determined that TJ5 and J4 HA proteins recognize pre-existing B cells more effectively than NG2 HA and a wild-type Hong Kong/4801/2014 protein. We also isolated a panel of 12 H3 HA-specific human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and identified that most MAbs recognize both wild-type and COBRA HA proteins and have functional activity against a broad panel of H3N2 viruses. Most MAbs target the receptor-binding site, and one MAb targets the HA stem. MAb TJ5-5 recognizes TJ5 and J4 COBRA HA proteins but has poor recognition of NG2 HA, similar to the global B-cell analysis. We determined a 3.4 Å structure via cryo-electron microscopy of Fab TJ5-5 complexed with the H3 COBRA TJ5, which revealed residues important to the differential binding. Overall, these studies determined that COBRA H3 HA proteins have correct antigenic and structural features, and the proteins are recognized by B cells and MAbs isolated from seasonally vaccinated humans. IMPORTANCE Vaccine development for circulating influenza viruses, particularly for the H3N2 subtype, remains challenging due to consistent antigenic drift. Computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) technology has proven effective for broadening influenza hemagglutinin (HA)-elicited antibody responses compared to wild-type immunogens. Here, we determined the structural features and antigenic profiles of H3 COBRA HA proteins. Two H3 COBRA HA proteins, TJ5 and J4, are better recognized by pre-existing B cells and monoclonal antibodies from the 2017 to 2018 vaccine season compared to COBRA NG2 and a wild-type A/Hong Kong/2014 HA protein. We determined a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of one MAb that poorly recognizes NG2, MAb TJ5-5, in complex with the TJ5 COBRA HA protein and identified residues critical to MAb recognition. As NG2 is more effective than TJ5 for the recent Hong Kong/2019 virus, these data provide insights into the diminished effectiveness of influenza vaccines across vaccine seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Abbadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kaito Nagashima
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Alma Pena-Briseno
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jarrod J. Mousa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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From Clinical Specimen to Whole Genome Sequencing of A(H3N2) Influenza Viruses: A Fast and Reliable High-Throughput Protocol. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081359. [PMID: 36016246 PMCID: PMC9412868 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Over the last few years, there has been growing interest in the whole genome sequencing (WGS) of rapidly mutating pathogens, such as influenza viruses (IVs), which has led us to carry out in-depth studies on viral evolution in both research and diagnostic settings. We aimed at describing and determining the validity of a WGS protocol that can obtain the complete genome sequence of A(H3N2) IVs directly from clinical specimens. (2) Methods: RNA was extracted from 80 A(H3N2)-positive respiratory specimens. A one-step RT-PCR assay, based on the use of a single set of specific primers, was used to retro-transcribe and amplify the entire IV type A genome in a single reaction, thus avoiding additional enrichment approaches and host genome removal treatments. Purified DNA was quantified; genomic libraries were prepared and sequenced by using Illumina MiSeq platform. The obtained reads were evaluated for sequence quality and read-pair length. (3) Results: All of the study specimens were successfully amplified, and the purified DNA concentration proved to be suitable for NGS (at least 0.2 ng/µL). An acceptable coverage depth for all eight genes of influenza A(H3N2) virus was obtained for 90% (72/80) of the clinical samples with viral loads >105 genome copies/mL. The mean depth of sequencing ranged from 105 to 200 reads per position, with the majority of the mean depth values being above 103 reads per position. The total turnaround time per set of 20 samples was four working days, including sequence analysis. (4) Conclusions: This fast and reliable high-throughput sequencing protocol should be used for influenza surveillance and outbreak investigation.
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Ertesvåg NU, Sakkestad ST, Zhou F, Hoff I, Kristiansen T, Jonassen TM, Follesø E, Brokstad KA, Dyrhovden R, Mohn KGI. Persistent Fever and Positive PCR 90 Days Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Rituximab-Treated Patient: A Case of Late Antiviral Treatment. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081757. [PMID: 36016378 PMCID: PMC9414720 DOI: 10.3390/v14081757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Persistent fever after SARS-CoV-2 infection in rituximab-treated patients has been reported. Due to reduced sensitivity in conventional sampling methods and unspecific symptoms in these patients, distinguishing between low-grade viral replication or hyperinflammation is challenging. Antiviral treatment is recommended as prophylactic or early treatment in the at-risk population; however, no defined treatment approaches for protracted SARS-CoV-2 infection exist. Results: We present a case of 96 days of persistent fever and SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient receiving B cell depletion therapy for multiple sclerosis. Migratory lung infiltrates and positive PCR tests from serum (day-58 post infection) and lower airways (day-90 post infection) confirmed continuous viral replication. The dominant symptoms were continuous high fever, dyspnea and mild to moderate hypoxemia, which never developed into severe respiratory failure. The patient was hospitalized three times, with transient improvement after late antiviral treatment and full recovery 6 months post-rituximab infusion. Conclusions: A strategy for securing samples from lower airways and serum should be a prioritization to strengthen diagnostic certainty in immunocompromised patients. B-cell-deprived patients could benefit from late treatment with SARS-CoV-2-specific monoclonal antibodies and antivirals. Importantly, increased intervals between immunosuppressive therapy should be considered where feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Urke Ertesvåg
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Sunniva Todnem Sakkestad
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Fan Zhou
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Hoff
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Trygve Kristiansen
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Elisabeth Follesø
- Radiology Department, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl Albert Brokstad
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Safety, Chemistry and Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5063 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ruben Dyrhovden
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin G.-I. Mohn
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Liu Y, Jin W, Guan W, Zeng Z, Yang Z. The genetic characterization of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA) and polymerase acidic (PA) genes of H3N2 influenza viruses circulated in Guangdong Province of China during 2019-2020. Virus Genes 2022; 58:392-402. [PMID: 35900664 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of seasonal influenza viruses, which can cause virus antigenic drift to escape human herd immunity, is a significant public health problem. Here, we obtained hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and polymerase acidic protein (PA) the gene sequences of 84 influenza virus isolates collected in Guangdong Province during the 2019-2020 influenza season. Phylogenetic analyses revealed all these isolates were genetically similar to the viruses of clade 3C2a A1b, specifically those within subclades of A1b 137F (59 cases), A1b 186D (19 cases), and A1b 94 N (6 cases). The influenza virus isolates were distinct from the World Health Organization recommended influenza A vaccine virus for the 2019-2020 Northern Hemisphere season (A/Kansas/14/2017; H3N2). Phylogenies inferred from the individual gene segment sequences revealed that one reassortment event occurred among these clades. The genetic variation involved mutations within viral antigenic epitopes and two N-glycosylation site alterations. The novel mutation sites of G202D and D206N in the HA gene, E344K in the NA gene, and K626R in the PA gene which may affect the spread of the virus were observed. We investigated the evolution of these genes and found that the HA and NA genes were under greater pressure than PA gene. Mutations associated with conferring resistance to NA inhibitors or baloxavir acid were not found. Our results suggest that a rapid evolution of the H3N2 influenza virus occurred, thus continuous monitoring is critical for establishing appropriate vaccine formulations or drug delivery for targeting influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Kingmed Virology Diagnostic & Translational Center, Guangzhou Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Jin
- Kingmed Virology Diagnostic & Translational Center, Guangzhou Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenda Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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Abtin A, Shoushtari A, Fallah Mehrabadi MH, Molouki A, Pourbakhsh SA, Pourtaghi H, Eshratabadi F. Characterisation, whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of three H3N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks at live poultry markets of Iran, 2017: First report. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1594-1602. [PMID: 35654078 PMCID: PMC9297799 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza type A viruses (AIV) can infect a broad range of hosts including human and birds, making them an important viral pathogen with zoonotic potential. Ducks are a known reservoir for many avian viruses including the AIV. OBJECTIVES To sequence the entire genome of duck-derived H3N2 and ran comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on them to study their origin. METHODS In this study, 962 cloacal swabs were collected from domestic ducks at several live poultry markets (LPMs) of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces of Iran in the year 2017. RESULTS Preliminary assays such as haemagglutination inhibition assay (HI), Neuraminidase Inhibition assay(NI) and RT-qPCR suggested that 0.5% of the birds were infected by H3 low pathogenic influenza viruses (LPAI). Three isolates were selected for whole genome sequencing. The cleavage site of the HA genes showed a PEKQTR/GLF motif, an indicator of LPAI. Furthermore, BLAST and phylogenetic analyses of the HA gene showed high homology to the Eurasian lineage of H3N8 AIV (95.5%-97.1% to several European and East Asian isolates). However, the NA genes showed high homology (at most 96.5-96.9%) to those belonging to AIV N2 subtype. Furthermore, internal genes showed high homology (96%-98%) to a variety of duck-origin subtypes and glycoprotein combinations, which were different for each segment. This showed a complex reassortment between different subtypes. DISCUSSION This report is the first whole genome sequencing and complete characterisation of H3N2 AIV from Iran. CONCLUSION Such surveillance should continue to study the evolution and possible emergence of viruses with pandemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Abtin
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and DiagnosticsRazi Vaccine and Serum Research InstituteAgricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)KarajIran
| | - Abdelhamid Shoushtari
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and DiagnosticsRazi Vaccine and Serum Research InstituteAgricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)KarajIran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and DiagnosticsRazi Vaccine and Serum Research InstituteAgricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)KarajIran
| | - Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and DiagnosticsRazi Vaccine and Serum Research InstituteAgricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)KarajIran
| | - Seyed Ali Pourbakhsh
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and DiagnosticsRazi Vaccine and Serum Research InstituteAgricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)KarajIran
| | - Hadi Pourtaghi
- Department of MicrobiologyKaraj BranchIslamic Azad UniversityKarajIran
| | - Fatemeh Eshratabadi
- Department of Avian Diseases Research and DiagnosticsRazi Vaccine and Serum Research InstituteAgricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)KarajIran
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Sun T, Guo Y, Zhao L, Fan M, Huang N, Tian M, Liu Q, Huang J, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Ji Z, Ping J. Evolution of the PB1 gene of human influenza A (H3N2) viruses circulating between 1968 and 2019. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:1824-1836. [PMID: 34033262 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One avian H3N2 influenza virus, providing its PB1 and HA segments, reassorted with one human H2N2 virus and caused a pandemic outbreak in 1968, killing over 1 million people. After its introduction to humanity, the pandemic H3N2 virus continued adapting to humans and has resulted in epidemic outbreaks every influenza season. To understand the functional roles of the originally avian PB1 gene in the circulating strains of human H3N2 influenza viruses, we analyzed the evolution of the PB1 gene in all human H3N2 isolates from 1968 to 2019. We found several specific residues dramatically changed around 2002-2009 and remained stable through to 2019. Then, we verified the functions of these PB1 mutations in the genetic background of the early pandemic virus, A/Hong Kong/1/1968(HK/68), as well as a recent seasonal strain, A/Jiangsu/34/2016 (JS/16). The PB1 V709I or PB1 V113A/K586R/D619N/V709I induced higher polymerase activity of HK/68 in human cells. And the four mutations acted cooperatively that had an increased replication capacity in vitro and in vivo at an early stage of infection. In contrast, the backward mutant, A113V/R586K/N619D/I709V, reduced polymerase activity in human cells. The PB1 I709V decreased viral replication in vitro, but this mutant only showed less effect on mice infection experiment, which suggested influenza A virus evolved in human host was not always consisted with highly replication efficiency and pathogenicity in other mammalian host. Overall, our results demonstrated that the identified PB1 mutations contributed to the viral evolution of human influenza A (H3N2) viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Sun
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanna Guo
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingcai Zhao
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Menglu Fan
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Huang
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Tian
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingzheng Liu
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjin Huang
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Ji
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jihui Ping
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety & Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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An epitope-optimized human H3N2 influenza vaccine induces broadly protective immunity in mice and ferrets. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:65. [PMID: 35739199 PMCID: PMC9226166 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a crucial need for an improved H3N2 influenza virus vaccine due to low vaccine efficacy rates and increased morbidity and mortality associated with H3N2-dominated influenza seasons. Here, we utilize a computational design strategy to produce epitope-optimized, broadly cross-reactive H3 hemagglutinins in order to create a universal H3N2 influenza vaccine. The Epigraph immunogens are designed to maximize the viral population frequency of epitopes incorporated into the immunogen. We compared our Epigraph H3 vaccine to the traditional egg-based inactivated influenza vaccine from 2018-19, FluZone. Epigraph vaccination-induced stronger cross-reactive antibody responses than FluZone against 18 H3N2 viruses isolated from 1968 to 2019 in both mice and ferrets, with protective hemagglutination inhibition titers against 93-100% of the contemporary H3N2 strains compared to only 27% protection measured from FluZone. In addition, Epigraph vaccination-induced strong cross-reactive T-cell immunity which significantly contributes to protection against lethal influenza virus infection. Finally, Epigraph vaccination protected ferrets from influenza disease after challenge with two H3N2 viruses. The superior cross-reactive immunity induced by these Epigraph immunogens supports their development as a universal H3N2 influenza vaccine.
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Current Opinion in LAIV: A Matter of Parent Virus Choice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126815. [PMID: 35743258 PMCID: PMC9224562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is still a frequent seasonal infection of the upper respiratory tract, which may have deadly consequences, especially for the elderly. This is in spite of the availability of vaccines suggested for persons above 65 years of age. Two types of conventional influenza vaccines are currently licensed for use-live attenuated and inactivated vaccines. Depending on local regulatory requirements, live attenuated vaccines are produced by the reverse genetics technique or by classical reassortment in embryonated chicken eggs. Sometimes, the efficiency of classical reassortment is complicated by certain properties of the wild-type parent virus. Cases of low efficacy of vaccines have been noted, which, among other reasons, may be associated with suboptimal properties of the wild-type parent virus that are not considered when recommendations for influenza vaccine composition are made. Unfortunately, knowledge surrounding the roles of properties of the circulating influenza virus and its impact on the efficacy of the reassortment process, vaccination efficiency, the infectivity of the vaccine candidates, etc., is now scattered in different publications. This review summarizes the main features of the influenza virus that may dramatically affect different aspects of the preparation of egg-derived live attenuated vaccine candidates and their effectiveness. The author expresses her personal view, which may not coincide with the opinion of other experts in the field of influenza vaccines.
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Tale of Viruses in Male Infertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1358:275-323. [PMID: 35641875 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89340-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility is a condition where the males either become sterile or critically infertile. The World Health Organisation assessed that approximately 9% of the couple have fertility issues where the contribution of the male partner was estimated to be 50%. There are several factors that can amalgamate to give rise to male infertility. Among them are lifestyle factors, genetic factors and as well as several environmental factors. The causes of male infertility may be acquired, congenital or sometimes idiopathic. All these factors adversely affect the spermatogenesis process as well as they impart serious threats to male genital organs thus resulting in infertility. Viruses are submicroscopic pathogenic agents that rely on host for their replication and survival. They enter the host cell, hijack the host cell machinery to aid their own replication and exit the cell for a new round of infection. With the growing abundance of different types of viruses and the havoc they have stirred in the form of pandemics, it is very essential to decipher their route of entry inside the human body and understand their diverse functional roles in order to combat them. In this chapter, we will review how viruses invade the male genital system thus in turn leading to detrimental consequence on male fertility. We will discuss the tropism of various viruses in the male genital organs and explore their sexual transmissibility. This chapter will summarise the functional and mechanistic approaches employed by the viruses in inducing oxidative stress inside spermatozoa thus leading to male infertility. Moreover, we will also highlight the various antiviral therapies that have been studied so far in order to ameliorate viral infection in order to combat the harmful consequences leading to male infertility.
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Nabakooza G, Galiwango R, Frost SDW, Kateete DP, Kitayimbwa JM. Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Dynamics of Human Influenza Type-A Viruses in Africa: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:900. [PMID: 35630344 PMCID: PMC9145646 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic characterization of circulating influenza type-A viruses (IAVs) directs the selection of appropriate vaccine formulations and early detection of potentially pandemic virus strains. However, longitudinal data on the genomic evolution and transmission of IAVs in Africa are scarce, limiting Africa's benefits from potential influenza control strategies. We searched seven databases: African Journals Online, Embase, Global Health, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science according to the PRISMA guidelines for studies that sequenced and/or genomically characterized Africa IAVs. Our review highlights the emergence and diversification of IAVs in Africa since 1993. Circulating strains continuously acquired new amino acid substitutions at the major antigenic and potential N-linked glycosylation sites in their hemagglutinin proteins, which dramatically affected vaccine protectiveness. Africa IAVs phylogenetically mixed with global strains forming strong temporal and geographical evolution structures. Phylogeographic analyses confirmed that viral migration into Africa from abroad, especially South Asia, Europe, and North America, and extensive local viral mixing sustained the genomic diversity, antigenic drift, and persistence of IAVs in Africa. However, the role of reassortment and zoonosis remains unknown. Interestingly, we observed substitutions and clades and persistent viral lineages unique to Africa. Therefore, Africa's contribution to the global influenza ecology may be understated. Our results were geographically biased, with data from 63% (34/54) of African countries. Thus, there is a need to expand influenza surveillance across Africa and prioritize routine whole-genome sequencing and genomic analysis to detect new strains early for effective viral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Nabakooza
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, Old Mulago Hill Road, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala 256, Uganda;
- UVRI Centre of Excellence in Infection and Immunity Research and Training (MUII-Plus), Makerere University, Plot No: 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe 256, Uganda; (R.G.); (J.M.K.)
| | - Ronald Galiwango
- UVRI Centre of Excellence in Infection and Immunity Research and Training (MUII-Plus), Makerere University, Plot No: 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe 256, Uganda; (R.G.); (J.M.K.)
- Centre for Computational Biology, Uganda Christian University, Plot 67-173, Bishop Tucker Road, P.O. Box 4, Mukono 256, Uganda
- African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Intensive Sciences, Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala 256, Uganda
| | - Simon D. W. Frost
- Microsoft Research, Redmond, 14820 NE 36th Street, Washington, DC 98052, USA;
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), University of London, Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1E7HT, UK
| | - David P. Kateete
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, Old Mulago Hill Road, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala 256, Uganda;
- UVRI Centre of Excellence in Infection and Immunity Research and Training (MUII-Plus), Makerere University, Plot No: 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe 256, Uganda; (R.G.); (J.M.K.)
| | - John M. Kitayimbwa
- UVRI Centre of Excellence in Infection and Immunity Research and Training (MUII-Plus), Makerere University, Plot No: 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe 256, Uganda; (R.G.); (J.M.K.)
- Centre for Computational Biology, Uganda Christian University, Plot 67-173, Bishop Tucker Road, P.O. Box 4, Mukono 256, Uganda
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45
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Van Poelvoorde L, Vanneste K, De Keersmaecker SCJ, Thomas I, Van Goethem N, Van Gucht S, Saelens X, Roosens NHC. Whole-Genome Sequence Approach and Phylogenomic Stratification Improve the Association Analysis of Mutations With Patient Data in Influenza Surveillance. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:809887. [PMID: 35516436 PMCID: PMC9063638 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.809887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, seasonal influenza results in high mortality and morbidity. The current classification of circulating influenza viruses is mainly focused on the hemagglutinin gene. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) enables tracking mutations across all influenza segments allowing a better understanding of the epidemiological effects of intra- and inter-seasonal evolutionary dynamics, and exploring potential associations between mutations across the viral genome and patient’s clinical data. In this study, mutations were identified in 253 Influenza A (H3N2) clinical isolates from the 2016-2017 influenza season in Belgium. As a proof of concept, available patient data were integrated with this genomic data, resulting in statistically significant associations that could be relevant to improve the vaccine and clinical management of infected patients. Several mutations were significantly associated with the sampling period. A new approach was proposed for exploring mutational effects in highly diverse Influenza A (H3N2) strains through considering the viral genetic background by using phylogenetic classification to stratify the samples. This resulted in several mutations that were significantly associated with patients suffering from renal insufficiency. This study demonstrates the usefulness of using WGS data for tracking mutations across the complete genome and linking these to patient data, and illustrates the importance of accounting for the viral genetic background in association studies. A limitation of this association study, especially when analyzing stratified groups, relates to the number of samples, especially in the context of national surveillance of small countries. Therefore, we investigated if international databases like GISAID may help to verify whether observed associations in the Belgium A (H3N2) samples, could be extrapolated to a global level. This work highlights the need to construct international databases with both information of viral genome sequences and patient data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Van Poelvoorde
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- National Influenza Centre, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Vanneste
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Nina Van Goethem
- Public Health and Genome, Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Xavier Saelens
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nancy H. C. Roosens
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Nancy H. C. Roosens,
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46
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Jennewein MF, Kosikova M, Noelette FJ, Radvak P, Boudreau CM, Campbell JD, Chen WH, Xie H, Alter G, Pasetti MF. Functional and structural modifications of influenza antibodies during pregnancy. iScience 2022; 25:104088. [PMID: 35402869 PMCID: PMC8991102 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a unique tolerogenic immune state which may alter susceptibility to infection and vaccine response. Here, we characterized humoral immunity to seasonal influenza vaccine strains in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Although serological responses to influenza remained largely intact during late pregnancy, distinct modifications were observed. Pregnant women had reduced hemagglutinin subtype-1 (H1)- IgG, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3, hemagglutination inhibition, and group 1 and 2 stem IgG titers. Intriguingly, H1-specific avidity and FcγR1 binding increased, and influenza antibodies had distinct Fc and Fab glycans characterized by increased di-galactosylation and di-sialylation. H1-specific Fc-functionality (i.e. monocyte phagocytosis and complement deposition) was moderately reduced in pregnancy. Multivariate antibody analysis revealed two distinct populations (pregnant vs. non-pregnant) segregated by H1 FcγR1 binding, H1-IgG levels, and Fab and Fc glycosylation. Our results demonstrated a structural and functional modulation of influenza humoral immunity during pregnancy that was antigen-specific and consistent with reduced inflammation and efficient placental transport Pregnancy resulted in structural and functional modulation of influenza antibodies. Antibodies had differential binding capacity, Fc/Fab glycosylation, and function. Antibody glycans directed toward low inflammation and efficient placental transfer. Multivariate analysis of immune markers segregated pregnant and non-pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Kosikova
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | | - Peter Radvak
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | | | - James D Campbell
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Wilbur H Chen
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marcela F Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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47
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Ge J, Lin X, Guo J, Liu L, Li Z, Lan Y, Liu L, Guo J, Lu J, Huang W, Xin L, Wang D, Qin K, Xu C, Zhou J. The Antibody Response Against Neuraminidase in Human Influenza A (H3N2) Virus Infections During 2018/2019 Flu Season: Focusing on the Epitopes of 329- N-Glycosylation and E344 in N2. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:845088. [PMID: 35387078 PMCID: PMC8978628 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.845088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza A (H3N2) virus has been a concern since its first introduction in humans in 1968. Accumulating antigenic changes in viral hemagglutinin (HA), particularly recent cocirculations of multiple HA genetic clades, allow H3N2 virus evade into humans annually. From 2010, the binding of neuraminidase (NA) to sialic acid made the traditional assay for HA inhibition antibodies (Abs) unsuitable for antigenicity characterization. Here, we investigated the serum anti-NA response in a cohort with a seroconversion of microneutralizing (MN) Abs targeting the circulating strain, A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2, 3C.2a1)-like, a virus during 2018/2019 flu seasons. We discovered that MN Ab titers show no difference between children and adults. Nevertheless, higher titers of Abs with NA activity inhibition (NI) activity of 129 and seroconversion rate of 68.42% are presented in children aged 7-17 years (n = 19) and 73.47 and 41.17% in adults aged 21-59 years (n = 17), respectively. The MN Abs generated in children display direct correlations with HA- and NA-binding Abs or NI Abs. The NI activity exhibited cross-reactivity to N2 of H3N2 viruses of 2007 and 2013, commonly with 329-N-glycosylation and E344 in N2, a characteristic of earlier 3C.2a H3N2 virus in 2014. The percentage of such viruses pronouncedly decreased and was even replaced by those dominant H3N2 viruses with E344K and 329 non-glycosylation, which have a significantly low activity to the tested antisera. Our findings suggest that NI assay is a testable assay applied in H3N2 infection in children, and the antigenic drift of current N2 should be considered for vaccine selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlei Guo
- The Disease Control and Prevention of Qinhuai District, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Qinhuai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liqi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Junfeng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weijuan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xin
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiling Xu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health, and Family Planning Commission, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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48
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Wang Y, Tang CY, Wan XF. Antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2841-2881. [PMID: 34905077 PMCID: PMC8669429 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antigenic characterization of emerging and re-emerging viruses is necessary for the prevention of and response to outbreaks, evaluation of infection mechanisms, understanding of virus evolution, and selection of strains for vaccine development. Primary analytic methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent/lectin assays, hemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, micro-neutralization assays, and antigenic cartography, have been widely used in the field of influenza research. These techniques have been improved upon over time for increased analytical capacity, and some have been mobilized for the rapid characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as its variants, facilitating the development of highly effective vaccines within 1 year of the initially reported outbreak. While great strides have been made for evaluating the antigenic properties of these viruses, multiple challenges prevent efficient vaccine strain selection and accurate assessment. For influenza, these barriers include the requirement for a large virus quantity to perform the assays, more than what can typically be provided by the clinical samples alone, cell- or egg-adapted mutations that can cause antigenic mismatch between the vaccine strain and circulating viruses, and up to a 6-month duration of vaccine development after vaccine strain selection, which allows viruses to continue evolving with potential for antigenic drift and, thus, antigenic mismatch between the vaccine strain and the emerging epidemic strain. SARS-CoV-2 characterization has faced similar challenges with the additional barrier of the need for facilities with high biosafety levels due to its infectious nature. In this study, we review the primary analytic methods used for antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the barriers of these methods and current developments for addressing these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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49
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p21 restricts influenza A virus by perturbing the viral polymerase complex and upregulating type I interferon signaling. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010295. [PMID: 35180274 PMCID: PMC8920271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular genes and networks induced in human lung epithelial cells infected with the influenza virus remain uncharacterized. Here, we find that p21 levels are elevated in response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, which is independent of p53. Silencing, pharmacological inhibition or deletion of p21 promotes virus replication in vitro and in vivo, indicating that p21 is an influenza restriction factor. Mechanistically, p21 binds to the C-terminus of IAV polymerase subunit PA and competes with PB1 to limit IAV polymerase activity. Besides, p21 promotes IRF3 activation by blocking K48-linked ubiquitination degradation of HO-1 to enhance type I interferons expression. Furthermore, a synthetic p21 peptide (amino acids 36 to 43) significantly inhibits IAV replication in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings reveal that p21 restricts IAV by perturbing the viral polymerase complex and activating the host innate immune response, which may aid the design of desperately needed new antiviral therapeutics. Influenza A virus (IAV) poses a continuous threat to public health and economic stability. The ribonucleoprotein (RNP) of IAV is responsible for the transcription and replication of the viral RNA. These processes require interplay between host factors and RNP components. Here, we report that p21 can be activated by IAV infection and is controlled by a p53-independent pathway. We demonstrate that p21 directly binds to the viral polymerase acidic protein and limits IAV polymerase activity through disrupting the formation of the ribonucleoprotein complex. Additionally, p21 activation promotes IRF3 activation by blocking K48-linked polyubiquitination degradation of HO-1, thereby activating the type I interferon pathway. We further identify an 8-amino-acid peptide of p21 as the minimum motif that effectively inhibits IAV replication and presents therapeutic efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our studies not only identify p21 as an antiviral protein, but also provide mechanistic insight to facilitate drug development.
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50
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Smet A, Catani JPP, Ysenbaert T, Gonçalves A, Kleanthous H, Vogel TU, Saelens X, Job ER. Antibodies directed towards neuraminidase restrict influenza virus replication in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262873. [PMID: 35100294 PMCID: PMC8803191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza neuraminidase (NA) is implicated in various aspects of the virus replication cycle and therefore is an attractive target for vaccination and antiviral strategies. Here we investigated the potential for NA-specific antibodies to interfere with A(H1N1)pdm09 replication in primary human airway epithelial (HAE) cells. Mouse polyclonal anti-NA sera and a monoclonal antibody could block initial viral entry into HAE cells as well as egress from the cell surface. NA-specific polyclonal serum also reduced virus replication across multiple rounds of infection. Restriction of virus entry correlated with the ability of the serum or monoclonal antibody to mediate neuraminidase inhibition (NI). Finally, human sera with NI activity against the N1 of A(H1N1)pdm09 could decrease H6N1 virus infection of HAE cells, highlighting the potential contribution of anti-NA antibodies in the control of influenza virus infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Smet
- VIB-UGent Medical Biotechnology Centre, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joao Paulo Portela Catani
- VIB-UGent Medical Biotechnology Centre, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Ysenbaert
- VIB-UGent Medical Biotechnology Centre, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amanda Gonçalves
- VIB BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Harry Kleanthous
- Sanofi Pasteur, Research North America, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thorsten U. Vogel
- Sanofi Pasteur, Research North America, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Medical Biotechnology Centre, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Emma R. Job
- VIB-UGent Medical Biotechnology Centre, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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