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Mazahir F, Alam MI, Yadav AK. Development of nanomedicines for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Raison d'être, strategies, challenges and regulatory aspects. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102318. [PMID: 38705362 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of memory. Presently, AD is challenging to treat with current drug therapy as their delivery to the brain is restricted by the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Nanomedicines, due to their size, high surface volume ratio, and ease of tailoring drug release characteristics, showed their potential to treat AD. The nanotechnology-based formulations for brain targeting are expected to enter the market in the near future. So, regulatory frameworks are required to ensure the quality, safety, and effectiveness of the nanomedicines to treat AD. In this review, we discuss different strategies, in-vitro blood-brain permeation models, in-vivo permeation assessment, and regulatory aspects for the development of nanomedicine to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Md Imtiyaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Awesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India.
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2
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Cruz JN, Muzammil S, Ashraf A, Ijaz MU, Siddique MH, Abbas R, Sadia M, Saba, Hayat S, Lima RR. A review on mycogenic metallic nanoparticles and their potential role as antioxidant, antibiofilm and quorum quenching agents. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29500. [PMID: 38660254 PMCID: PMC11040063 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance among biofilm forming pathogens aimed to search for the efficient and novel alternative strategies. Metallic nanoparticles have drawn a considerable attention because of their significant applications in various fields. Numerous methods are developed for the generation of these nanoparticles however, mycogenic (fungal-mediated) synthesis is attractive due to high yields, easier handling, eco-friendly and being energy efficient when compared with conventional physico-chemical methods. Moreover, mycogenic synthesis provides fungal derived biomolecules that coat the nanoparticles thus improving their stability. The process of mycogenic synthesis can be extracellular or intracellular depending on the fungal genera used and various factors such as temperature, pH, biomass concentration and cultivation time may influence the synthesis process. This review focuses on the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by using fungal mycelium, mechanism of synthesis, factors affecting the mycosynthesis and also describes their potential applications as antioxidants and antibiofilm agents. Moreover, the utilization of mycogenic nanoparticles as quorum quenching agent in hampering the bacterial cell-cell communication (quorum sensing) has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorddy N. Cruz
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66075-110, PA, Brazil Brazil
| | - Saima Muzammil
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rasti Abbas
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maimona Sadia
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University Multan, Mattital Campus, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sumreen Hayat
- Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, 66075-110, PA, Brazil Brazil
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Zhao R, Han X, Jiang S, Zhao W, Liu J, Zhang H, Mao X, Zhang M, Lei L, You H. Association of Dietary and Supplement Intake of Antioxidants with Risk of Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S35-S50. [PMID: 36846999 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder with cognitive decline due to multiple factors. With the arrival of the aging population, the incidence of dementia has gradually increased. There is still no effective treatment for dementia, and therefore, the prevention of dementia has become crucial. Oxidative stress is considered to be one of the pathogenesis of dementia; therefore, antioxidant therapy and prevention of dementia have been gradually proposed. Objective Our meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association of antioxidants with risk of dementia. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for articles on antioxidants associated with dementia risk, and those containing cohort studies with high-dose versus low-dose controls were included in our meta-analysis. The resulting risk ratios (RR) and hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals were statistically analyzed using Stata12.0 free software. Results A total of 17 articles were included in this meta-analysis. Of 98,264 participants, 7,425 had dementia after 3-23 years of follow-up. The results of the meta-analysis showed a trend towards a lower incidence of dementia with high intake of antioxidants (RR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.77-1.19 I2 = 54.6%), but this was not statistically significant. High antioxidant intake significantly reduced the incidence of Alzheimer 's disease (RR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.79-0.92 I2 = 45.5%), and we additionally carried out subgroup analyses by nutrient type, diet or supplement, region, and study quality score. Conclusion Dietary intake of antioxidants or supplements reduces both the risk of dementia and the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangyin Zhao
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoyong Han
- Graduate School, Ning Xia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ning Xia, China
| | - Shangrong Jiang
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Weijing Zhao
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoliang Mao
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lili Lei
- Graduate School, Ning Xia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ning Xia, China
| | - Hong You
- Sino-French Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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4
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Mishra S, Sharma S. Temporal dynamics of endophytic bacterial and fungal communities during spike development in Piper longum L. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1117-1134. [PMID: 37829705 PMCID: PMC10564784 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The female spikes (fruits) of Piper longum are widely used in Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani medicine systems to treat respiratory and digestive disorders. The spikes are rich in piperine, a pharmacologically active amide alkaloid and a potent bioavailability enhancer, which accumulates to the highest level during the dark-green stage of spike development. Plant-associated microbiota influence the plant's fitness, response, and production of economically important metabolites. Considering the economic importance of piperine and other spike-derived alkaloids, understanding microbial community dynamics during spike development would be key to bioprospecting for economically important metabolites. In the present study, the structural diversity of microbial communities associated with early (SI), mid (SII), and late (SIII) stages of spike development in P. longum has been analysed by Illumina-based amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and ITS region. Results revealed that spike development significantly drives the diversity and abundance of spike-associated microbiota, especially bacterial communities. Cyanobacteria and Ascomycota constituted the most abundant bacterial and fungal phyla, respectively, across all stages of spike development. Interestingly, Halomonas, Kushneria and Haererehalobacter were found to be exclusively associated with SIII (corresponding to economically important) stage of spike development. Sphingomonas, Mortierella, Cladosporium and Vishniacozyma constituted the core microbiome of the spike. Besides, PICRUSt analysis revealed that amino acid metabolism was the most dominant metabolic function attributed to spike-associated bacterial communities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the endomicrobiome dynamics during spike development in a medicinal plant species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01352-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Mishra
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110016 India
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Manjunatha D, Megha GT, Nagaraju S, Akarsh S, Nandish G, Sowmya HV, Thippeswamy B. Eco-friendly synthesized silver nanoparticles from endophytic fungus Phyllosticta owaniana: KUMBMDBT-32 and evaluation of biomedical properties. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:217. [PMID: 37129701 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of the current investigation was the biosynthesis of Phy-AgNPs by the endophytic fungus Phyllosticta owaniana (extracted from Abrus precatorius) and the evaluation of the secondary metabolites from the ethyl acetate extract of P. owaniana cultivated by submerged fermentation. Utilizing bioanalytical strategies, Phy-AgNPs were characterized. The UV-visible spectrophotometer analysis revealed an absorption spectrum with a peak at 420 nm, thus validating the Phy-AgNPs synthesis. The FTIR analysis revealed peaks correlating to various potential functional groups, suggesting that Phy-AgNPs have been reduced and capped. SEM-EDAX and HR-TEM analyses demonstrated the spherical shape of Phy-AgNPs, and the 3 keV EDAX analysis confirmed the existence of silver atoms. XRD analyses showed the Phy-AgNPs crystalline structure. The size and the stability of synthesized Phy-AgNPs (65.81 nm) were measured by DLS and Zeta potential studies. While the ethyl acetate extract was analyzed with GC-MS and FTIR for secondary metabolites. The synthesized Phy-AgNPs showed effective antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.1 ± 0.17 mm, 10 mg/mL), while the antifungal activity of Phy-AgNPs inhibited the growth of Candida albicans extremely efficiently (12.16 ± 0.28 mm, 10 mg/mL). Phy-AgNPs were evaluated for a variety of biomedical properties in which they showed significant activity. In a cell viability assay using the MTT assay, Phy-AgNPs exhibited a cytotoxic impact of up to 30.67% and 34.53% when 200 µg/mL were detected. In both in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory examinations, nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory effect. These findings support the pharmaceutical and biomedical properties of the synthesized Phy-AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadayya Manjunatha
- Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Microbiology, School of Biosciences, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shivamogga Dist, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Karnataka, India
| | - Gowri Thippeswamy Megha
- Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shivamogga Dist, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivaiah Nagaraju
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Tumkur University, Tumakuru, 572103, Karnataka, India
| | - Subhakar Akarsh
- Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Microbiology, School of Biosciences, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shivamogga Dist, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Karnataka, India
| | - Gurubasajar Nandish
- Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Microbiology, School of Biosciences, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shivamogga Dist, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Karnataka, India
| | - Hirakannavar Veeranna Sowmya
- Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Microbiology, School of Biosciences, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shivamogga Dist, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Karnataka, India
| | - Basaiah Thippeswamy
- Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Microbiology, School of Biosciences, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shivamogga Dist, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Karnataka, India.
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Pavlović J, Puškárová A, Planý M, Farkas Z, Rusková M, Kvalová K, Kraková L, Bučková M, Pangallo D. Colored stains: Microbial survey of cellulose-based and lignin rich papers. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124456. [PMID: 37085082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
During the centuries diverse types of paper were produced and were characterized by a different ratio of natural macromolecules, mainly lignin and cellulose. Handmade paper has a higher content of cellulose respect to the early machine-made paper, where the lignin is the other important component. Microorganisms are able to colonize and deteriorate both types of papers. They can release on their surfaces pigments and colorants which produced anesthetic stains. The microbiota colonising 17 stains on handmade and machine-made paper surfaces together with that in library and archive environments was analyzed. Combination of microbiological and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) approaches were applied. The culture-dependent methodology comprised: isolation, DNA identification, hydrolytic and paper staining assays. The HTS was performed by MinION platform and for the mycobiome a more suitable bioinformatics analysis pipeline, MetONTIIME based on QIIME2 framework, was applied. The paper model staining assay permitted the direct recognition of colorizing isolates which in combination with sequencing data evidenced a complex microbial community able to stain the two types of paper. Staining abilities were confirmed by frequently isolated and detected fungi and also by new ones such as Roussoella euonymi and Achaetomium. We have also evidenced the staining ability of several bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pavlović
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Puškárová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Planý
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Farkas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Magdaléna Rusková
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Kvalová
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kraková
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Bučková
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Domenico Pangallo
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovakia; Caravella, s.r.o., Tupolevova 2, 85101 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Chaudhary V, Chowdhury R, Thukral P, Pathania D, Saklani S, Rustagi S, Gautam A, Mishra YK, Singh P, Kaushik A. Biogenic green metal nano systems as efficient anti-cancer agents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115933. [PMID: 37080272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal/metal oxide nano systems (M-NSs) of tunable and manipulative properties are emerging suitable for cancer management via immunity development, early-stage diagnosis, nanotherapeutics, and targeted drug delivery systems. However, noticeable toxicity, off-targeted actions, lacking biocompatibility, and being expensive limit their acceptability. Moreover, involving high energy (top-down routes) and hazardous chemicals (bottom-up chemical routes) is altering human cycle. To manage such challenges, biomass (plants, microbes, animals) and green chemistry-based M-NSs due to scalability, affordability, are cellular, tissue, and organ acceptability are emerging as desired biogenic M-NSs for cancer management with enhanced features. The state-of-art and perspective of green metal/metal oxide nano systems (GM-NSs) as an efficient anti-cancer agent including, imaging, immunity building elements, site-specific drug delivery, and therapeutics developments are highlighted in this review critically. It is expected that this report will serve as guideline for design and develop high-performance GM-NSs for establishing them as next-generation anti-cancer agent capable to manage cancer in personalized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell & Physics Department, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India; SUMAN Laboratory (SUstainable Materials and Advanced Nanotechnology Lab), New Delhi, 110072, India.
| | - Ruchita Chowdhury
- SUMAN Laboratory (SUstainable Materials and Advanced Nanotechnology Lab), New Delhi, 110072, India; Department of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Prachi Thukral
- SUMAN Laboratory (SUstainable Materials and Advanced Nanotechnology Lab), New Delhi, 110072, India; Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Diksha Pathania
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Shivani Saklani
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Akash Gautam
- Centre for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alison 2, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805, USA; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India.
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Cholinesterase Inhibitors from an Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus niveus Fv-er401: Metabolomics, Isolation and Molecular Docking. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062559. [PMID: 36985531 PMCID: PMC10052609 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease poses a global health concern with unmet demand requiring creative approaches to discover new medications. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition and the anticholinesterase activity of Aspergillus niveus Fv-er401 isolated from Foeniculum vulgare (Apiaceae) roots. Fifty-eight metabolites were identified using UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of the crude extract. The fungal extract showed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory effects with IC50 53.44 ± 1.57 and 48.46 ± 0.41 µg/mL, respectively. Two known metabolites were isolated, terrequinone A and citrinin, showing moderate AChE and BuChE inhibitory activity using the Ellman’s method (IC50 = 11.10 ± 0.38 µg/mL and 5.06 ± 0.15 µg/mL, respectively for AChE, and IC50 15.63 ± 1.27 µg/mL and 8.02 ± 0.08 µg/mL, respectively for BuChE). As evidenced by molecular docking, the isolated compounds and other structurally related metabolites identified by molecular networking had the required structural features for AChE and BuChE inhibition. Where varioxiranol G (−9.76 and −10.36 kcal/mol), penicitrinol B (−9.50 and −8.02 kcal/mol), dicitrinol A (−8.53 and −7.98 kcal/mol) and asterriquinone CT5 (−8.02 and −8.25 kcal/mol) showed better binding scores as AChE and BuChE inhibitors than the co-crystallized inhibitor (between −7.89 and 7.82 kcal/mol) making them promising candidates for the development of new drugs to treat Alzheimer’s.
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Devi R, Verma R, Dhalaria R, Kumar A, Kumar D, Puri S, Thakur M, Chauhan S, Chauhan PP, Nepovimova E, Kuca K. A systematic review on endophytic fungi and its role in the commercial applications. PLANTA 2023; 257:70. [PMID: 36856911 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION EF have been explored for its beneficial impact on environment and for its commercial applications. It has proved its worth in these sectors and showed an impact on biological properties of plants by producing various bioactive molecules and enzymes. Endophytes are plant mutualists that live asymptomatically within plant tissues and exist in almost every plant species. Endophytic fungi benefit from the host plant nutrition, and the host plant gains improved competitive abilities and tolerance against pathogens, herbivores, and various abiotic stresses. Endophytic fungi are one of the most inventive classes which produce secondary metabolites and play a crucial role in human health and other biotic aspects. This review is focused on systematic study on the biodiversity of endophytic fungi in plants, and their role in enhancing various properties of plants such as antimicrobial, antimycobacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticancer, and biological activity of secondary metabolites produced by various fungal endophytes in host plants reported from 1994 to 2021. This review emphasizes the endophytic fungal population shaped by host genotype, environment, and endophytic fungi genotype affecting host plant. The impact of endophytic fungi has been discussed in detail which influences the commercial properties of plants. Endophytes also have an influence on plant productivity by increasing parameters such as nutrient recycling and phytostimulation. Studies focusing on mechanisms that regulate attenuation of secondary metabolite production in EF would provide much needed impetus on ensuring continued production of bioactive molecules from a indubitable source. If this knowledge is further extensively explored regarding fungal endophytes in plants for production of potential phytochemicals, then it will help in exploring a keen area of interest for pharmacognosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Devi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India.
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249405, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Business Management, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Monika Thakur
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Saurav Chauhan
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Prem Parkash Chauhan
- Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Degree College, Saraswati Nagar, Shimla, H.P., 171206, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Hernández-Tasco AJ, Tronchini RA, Apaza-Castillo GA, Hosaka GK, Quiñones NR, Goulart MC, Fantinatti-Garboggini F, Salvador MJ. Diversity of bacterial and fungal endo phytic communities presents in the leaf blades of Sinningia magnifica, Sinningia schiffneri and Sinningia speciosa from different cladus of Gesneriaceae family: a comparative analysis in three consecutive years. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127365. [PMID: 37011509 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Sinningia is a genus of plants of Gesneriaceae family with species native to Brazil and is a source of several classes of bioactive secondary metabolites, such as quinones, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenylethanoid glycosides. However, the diversity of endophytic microorganisms associated with them and the impact of endophytes on the biosynthesis of bioactive substances is unknown. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the microbial diversity, behavior, and frequency of endophytes in leaves blades of S. magnifica, S. schiffneri, and S. speciosa. These plants were collected in different regions and environments of Brazil and were studied comparatively for three consecutive years. The total DNA obtained from the blades of the plant leaves were sequenced by the Illumina MiSeq platform, followed by bioinformatics analysis to assess the microbial diversity of endophytes associated with each plant species and study year. The results of the taxonomic diversity showed a dynamic microbial community, which contained several bacterial phyla among them, Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota, Bacillota, and Pseudomonadota, and for the fungal phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Comparing the three years of study, the richness of the genera, over time, was decreasing, with signs of recovery towards the third year. The alpha and beta diversity indices confirm a great phylogenetic richness in the endophytic communities of bacteria and fungi associated with the leaf blades of Sinningia. However, these communities are comparatively little conserved, showing population and taxonomic changes of the microorganisms over time, possibly as a measure of adjustment to environmental conditions, evidencing both its fragility and versatility against the effects of environmental change on its endophytic microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro José Hernández-Tasco
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG-BTPB, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafaela Aparecida Tronchini
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG-BTPB, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Kenichi Hosaka
- Department of Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Nataly Ruiz Quiñones
- Research Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary (CPQBA), Division of Microbiol Resources, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Alexandre Cazellato, 999, 13148-218 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Cristina Goulart
- Research Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary (CPQBA), Division of Microbiol Resources, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Alexandre Cazellato, 999, 13148-218 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fantinatti-Garboggini
- Research Center for Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary (CPQBA), Division of Microbiol Resources, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Alexandre Cazellato, 999, 13148-218 Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Salvador
- Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG-BTPB, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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11
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Mani S, Dubey R, Lai IC, Babu MA, Tyagi S, Swargiary G, Mody D, Singh M, Agarwal S, Iqbal D, Kumar S, Hamed M, Sachdeva P, Almutary AG, Albadrani HM, Ojha S, Singh SK, Jha NK. Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Neurological Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:877-912. [PMID: 37927255 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of neuronal cells. With the increase in aged population, there is a prevalence of irreversible neurodegenerative changes, causing a significant mental, social, and economic burden globally. The factors contributing to AD are multidimensional, highly complex, and not completely understood. However, it is widely known that aging, neuroinflammation, and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), along with other free radicals, substantially contribute to oxidative stress and cell death, which are inextricably linked. While oxidative stress is undeniably important in AD, limiting free radicals and ROS levels is an intriguing and potential strategy for deferring the process of neurodegeneration and alleviating associated symptoms. Therapeutic compounds from natural sources have recently become increasingly accepted and have been effectively studied for AD treatment. These phytocompounds are widely available and a multitude of holistic therapeutic efficiencies for treating AD owing to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and biological activities. Some of these compounds also function by stimulating cholinergic neurotransmission, facilitating the suppression of beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1, α-synuclein, and monoamine oxidase proteins, and deterring the occurrence of AD. Additionally, various phenolic, flavonoid, and terpenoid phytocompounds have been extensively described as potential palliative agents for AD progression. Preclinical studies have shown their involvement in modulating the cellular redox balance and minimizing ROS formation, displaying them as antioxidant agents with neuroprotective abilities. This review emphasizes the mechanistic role of natural products in the treatment of AD and discusses the various pathological hypotheses proposed for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chun Lai
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Arockia Babu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Sakshi Tyagi
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Deepansh Mody
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, UP, India
| | - Shriya Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research (SBSR), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Munerah Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hind Muteb Albadrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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12
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M G, DJ M, Vinaykiya V, V B, Dutta S, Pawar R, Raghavendra VB. Screening of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Biogenically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Alternaria alternata, Endophytic Fungus of Dendrophthoe falcata-a Parasitic Plant. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-021-00932-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Rhaman MM, Islam MR, Akash S, Mim M, Noor alam M, Nepovimova E, Valis M, Kuca K, Sharma R. Exploring the role of nanomedicines for the therapeutic approach of central nervous system dysfunction: At a glance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:989471. [PMID: 36120565 PMCID: PMC9478743 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.989471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, research scientists, molecular biologists, and pharmacologists have placed a strong emphasis on cutting-edge nanostructured materials technologies to increase medicine delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). The application of nanoscience for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Huntington’s disease (HD), brain cancer, and hemorrhage has the potential to transform care. Multiple studies have indicated that nanomaterials can be used to successfully treat CNS disorders in the case of neurodegeneration. Nanomedicine development for the cure of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the nervous system is critical. Nanoparticles may act as a drug transporter that can precisely target sick brain sub-regions, boosting therapy success. It is important to develop strategies that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and improve the effectiveness of medications. One of the probable tactics is the use of different nanoscale materials. These nano-based pharmaceuticals offer low toxicity, tailored delivery, high stability, and drug loading capacity. They may also increase therapeutic effectiveness. A few examples of the many different kinds and forms of nanomaterials that have been widely employed to treat neurological diseases include quantum dots, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, and micelles. These unique qualities, including sensitivity, selectivity, and ability to traverse the BBB when employed in nano-sized particles, make these nanoparticles useful for imaging studies and treatment of NDs. Multifunctional nanoparticles carrying pharmacological medications serve two purposes: they improve medication distribution while also enabling cell dynamics imaging and pharmacokinetic study. However, because of the potential for wide-ranging clinical implications, safety concerns persist, limiting any potential for translation. The evidence for using nanotechnology to create drug delivery systems that could pass across the BBB and deliver therapeutic chemicals to CNS was examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominur Rhaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Mominur Rhaman, ; Rohit Sharma,
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mobasharah Mim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Noor alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Md. Mominur Rhaman, ; Rohit Sharma,
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14
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Imchen P, Ziekhrü M, Zhimomi BK, Phucho T. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of Alpinia galanga rhizome and Rhus semialata fruit and their antibacterial activity. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Azeem MNA, Ahmed OM, Shaban M, Elsayed KNM. In vitro antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer potentials of innovative macroalgae bio-capped silver nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:59930-59947. [PMID: 35397021 PMCID: PMC9399188 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The antagonistic side effects of chemical medications led to the search for safe strategies such as biogenic agents. Correspondingly, this study aims to create biogenic, appropriate, auspicious and innovative therapeutic agents like Galaxaura elongata {GE}, Turbinaria ornata {TO} and Enteromorpha flexuosa {EF} macroalgae-based silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). The Ag+ reduction and the creation of Ag[GE]-NPs, Ag[TO]-NPs and Ag[EF]-NPs have been validated using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and zeta potential analysis, and the chemical composition of macroalgae crude extracts was estimated through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Further, macroalgae-based Ag-NPs were tested for their free radical scavenging activity DPPH, ABTS, anticancer activity in human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell line, distinctive inflammation forms and elevated α-amylase. Results showed that the biosynthesized Ag-NPs have unique mechanical and physicochemical characters attributed to their high relative surface area, nanosized dimensions and spherical shape. At dose of 200 µg/mL, the DPPH radical scavenging capacity was maximized with Ag[TO]-NPs (67.26%); however, Ag[EF]-NPs was the most potent as ABTs scavenger (97.74%). Additionally, Ag[GE]-NPs had the maximum proteinase inhibitory action with 59.78%. The 1000 µg/mL of Ag[GE]-NPs, Ag[TO]-NPs and Ag[EF]-NPs revealed significant inhibitions of cell growth of HepG2 resulting in cell viabilities 5.92%, 4.44% and 11.33%, respectively. These findings suggest that macroalgae bio-capped Ag-NPs have magnificent biological potentials for safe biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal N Abdel Azeem
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Almadinah Almonawara, 42351, Almadinah Almonawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled N M Elsayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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16
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Pandit C, Roy A, Ghotekar S, Khusro A, Islam MN, Emran TB, Lam SE, Khandaker MU, Bradley DA. Biological agents for synthesis of nanoparticles and their applications. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2022; 34:101869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.101869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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17
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Screening of secondary metabolites and antioxidant potential of endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum and host Digitaria bicornis by spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:206. [PMID: 35267103 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Perennial grasses are hosts to an extremely diverse assemblage of endophytic fungi, but their significance is still underexplored. In the present study, an endophytic fungus was isolated from the aerial regions of Digitaria bicornis (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. and was characterized by morphological and molecular methods (ITS rDNA region), as Penicillium citrinum Thom. The crude extracts of endophytic fungus and host were recovered and evaluated for their antioxidant potential by spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods. The present study was also an attempt to compare the anti-radical power of extracts by spectrophotometric (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay) and electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) methods and suggested that cyclic voltammetry could be used routinely instead of assaying by more number of spectrophotometric methods. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate extract of P. citrinum and methanolic extract of D. bicornis has potential compounds with antioxidant and other pharmaceutical activities. Nine and 17 antioxidant biomolecules, respectively, in P. citrinum and D. bicornis extracts were detected by OHR-LC-MS and the presence of function group of the bioactive compounds was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Finally, the study also reported that the extracts of P. citrinum and D. bicornis have several bioactive compounds with application in commercial pharmaceutical industries.
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18
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Veeramani S, Narayanan AP, Yuvaraj K, Sivaramakrishnan R, Pugazhendhi A, Rishivarathan I, Jose SP, Ilangovan R. Nigella sativa flavonoids surface coated gold NPs (Au-NPs) enhancing antioxidant and anti-diabetic activity. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Wen J, Okyere SK, Wang S, Wang J, Xie L, Ran Y, Hu Y. Endophytic Fungi: An Effective Alternative Source of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds for Pharmacological Studies. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:205. [PMID: 35205959 PMCID: PMC8877053 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated fungi (endophytic fungi) are a biodiversity-rich group of microorganisms that are normally found asymptomatically within plant tissues or in the intercellular spaces. Endophytic fungi promote the growth of host plants by directly producing secondary metabolites, which enhances the plant's resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Additionally, they are capable of biosynthesizing medically important "phytochemicals" that were initially thought to be produced only by the host plant. In this review, we summarized some compounds from endophyte fungi with novel structures and diverse biological activities published between 2011 and 2021, with a focus on the origin of endophytic fungi, the structural and biological activity of the compounds they produce, and special attention paid to the exploration of pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of certain compounds. This review revealed that endophytic fungi had high potential to be harnessed as an alternative source of secondary metabolites for pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.W.); (S.K.O.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (L.X.); (Y.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Samuel Kumi Okyere
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.W.); (S.K.O.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (L.X.); (Y.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.W.); (S.K.O.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (L.X.); (Y.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jianchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.W.); (S.K.O.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (L.X.); (Y.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.W.); (S.K.O.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (L.X.); (Y.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yinan Ran
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.W.); (S.K.O.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (L.X.); (Y.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.W.); (S.K.O.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (L.X.); (Y.R.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- New Ruipeng Pet Healthcare Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
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20
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Phuna ZX, Madhavan P. A CLOSER LOOK AT THE MYCOBIOME IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: FUNGAL SPECIES, PATHOGENESIS AND TRANSMISSION. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1291-1321. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xin Phuna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Malaysia Subang Jaya Selangor
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Malaysia Subang Jaya Selangor
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21
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Behera A, Pradhan SP, Ahmed FK, Abd-Elsalam KA. Enzymatic synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Mechanisms and applications. GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOMATERIALS 2022:699-756. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824508-8.00030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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22
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Woon CK, Hui WK, Abas R, Haron MH, Das S, Lin TS. Natural Product-based Nanomedicine: Recent Advances and Issues for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1498-1518. [PMID: 34923947 PMCID: PMC9881085 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666211217163540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects the elderly and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration caused by different pathologies. The most significant challenges in treating AD include the inability of medications to reach the brain because of its poor solubility, low bioavailability, and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, current evidence suggests the disruption of BBB plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. One of the critical challenges in treating AD is the ineffective treatments and their severe adverse effects. Nanotechnology offers an alternative approach to facilitate the treatment of AD by overcoming the challenges in drug transport across the BBB. Various nanoparticles (NP) loaded with natural products were reported to aid in drug delivery for the treatment of AD. The nano-sized entities of NP are great platforms for incorporating active materials from natural products into formulations that can be delivered effectively to the intended action site without compromising the material's bioactivity. The review highlights the applications of medicinal plants, their derived components, and various nanomedicinebased approaches for the treatment of AD. The combination of medicinal plants and nanotechnology may lead to new theragnostic solutions for the treatment of AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choy Ker Woon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wong Kah Hui
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Razif Abas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Huzaimi Haron
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Teoh Seong Lin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Paul RK, Kesharwani P, Raza K. Recent update on nano-phytopharmaceuticals in the management of diabetes. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2021; 32:2046-2068. [PMID: 34228585 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1952381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to changed lifestyle and other reasons, diabetes has become one of the common metabolic disorder of the globe. Numerous therapeutic options are available, which controls the plasma glucose levels. However, most of the drugs are associated with some undesired side effects. Owing to the side effects and enhanced understanding of the phytochemicals, an inclination toward herbal medicine is seen in the population. These herbal products are also associated with concerns like poor aqueous solubility, compromised permeation, and a low degree of bioavailability. So, the emergence of nanotechnology in the herbal medicine is required to nullify the associated concerns of conventional antidiabetic drugs. The present review aims to compile the literature available for the nano-interventions pertinent to herbal products for diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaisar Raza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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Flieger J, Flieger W, Baj J, Maciejewski R. Antioxidants: Classification, Natural Sources, Activity/Capacity Measurements, and Usefulness for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4135. [PMID: 34361329 PMCID: PMC8347950 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural extracts are the source of many antioxidant substances. They have proven useful not only as supplements preventing diseases caused by oxidative stress and food additives preventing oxidation but also as system components for the production of metallic nanoparticles by the so-called green synthesis. This is important given the drastically increased demand for nanomaterials in biomedical fields. The source of ecological technology for producing nanoparticles can be plants or microorganisms (yeast, algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, and bacteria). This review presents recently published research on the green synthesis of nanoparticles. The conditions of biosynthesis and possible mechanisms of nanoparticle formation with the participation of bacteria are presented. The potential of natural extracts for biogenic synthesis depends on the content of reducing substances. The assessment of the antioxidant activity of extracts as multicomponent mixtures is still a challenge for analytical chemistry. There is still no universal test for measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC). There are many in vitro chemical tests that quantify the antioxidant scavenging activity of free radicals and their ability to chelate metals and that reduce free radical damage. This paper presents the classification of antioxidants and non-enzymatic methods of testing antioxidant capacity in vitro, with particular emphasis on methods based on nanoparticles. Examples of recent studies on the antioxidant activity of natural extracts obtained from different species such as plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, lichens, actinomycetes were collected, giving evaluation methods, reference antioxidants, and details on the preparation of extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Chair and Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.); (J.B.); (R.M.)
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Ben Salah M, Aouadhi C, Khadhri A. Green Roccella phycopsis Ach. mediated silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, phenolic content, antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-acetylcholinesterase capacities. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2257-2268. [PMID: 34136955 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we develop here for the first time an easy, eco-friendly method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the lichen Roccella phycopsis. AgNPs formation was first determined by a color change of the lichen filtrate to brown, subsequent to addition of AgNO3 solution, and confirmed by a maximum absorbance peak at 425 nm in UV-vis spectrum. Scanning electron microscope images showed a spherical shape with a size distribution between 11 and 18 nm, while the elemental composition was elucidated by the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The chemical compounds responsible for reduction and stabilization of silver nanoparticles were detected by Frourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The synthesized R. phycopsis silver nanoparticles displayed a strong antioxidant activity. Further, the antibacterial activity was more effective against Gram-negative than Gram-positive bacteria. Besides, the R. phycopsis-AgNPs were potent in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase enzyme with IC50 value of 1.65 ± 0.07 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem Ben Salah
- Faculty of Sciences, Plant, Soil, Environment Interactions Laboratory, University of El-Manar II, Campus Academia, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chedia Aouadhi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Microbiology Veterinary Bacteriology Groups and Biotechnology Development, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ayda Khadhri
- Faculty of Sciences, Plant, Soil, Environment Interactions Laboratory, University of El-Manar II, Campus Academia, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Sudarsan S, Kumar Shankar M, Kumar Belagal Motatis A, Shankar S, Krishnappa D, Mohan CD, Rangappa KS, Gupta VK, Siddaiah CN. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by C ytobacillus firmus Isolated from the Stem Bark of Terminalia arjuna and Their Antimicrobial Activity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020259. [PMID: 33578957 PMCID: PMC7916701 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using endophytic bacteria, Cytobacillus firmus isolated from the stem bark of Terminalia arjuna. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by visual observation as a change in color of the bacterial solution impregnated with silver. Further, the morphology of the AgNPs, average size, and presence of elemental silver were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering spectroscopy. The roles of endophytic secondary metabolites in the metal reduction, stabilization, and capping of silver nanoparticles were studied by qualitative FTIR spectral peaks. The antimicrobial ability of AgNPs was evaluated against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and pearl millet blast disease-causing fungi (Magnoporthe grisea). The biosynthesized AgNPs showed good antibacterial and antifungal activities. AgNPs effectively inhibited the bacterial growth in a dose-dependent manner and presented as good antifungal agents towards the growth of Magnoporthe grisea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujesh Sudarsan
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.S.); (A.K.B.M.); (S.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Madan Kumar Shankar
- Institute of Excellence, VijnanaBhavan, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India;
| | - Anil Kumar Belagal Motatis
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.S.); (A.K.B.M.); (S.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Sushmitha Shankar
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.S.); (A.K.B.M.); (S.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Darshan Krishnappa
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.S.); (A.K.B.M.); (S.S.); (D.K.)
| | | | | | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- Correspondence: (V.K.G.); (C.N.S.); Tel.: +91-988-664-0778 (C.N.S.)
| | - Chandra Nayaka Siddaiah
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India; (S.S.); (A.K.B.M.); (S.S.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: (V.K.G.); (C.N.S.); Tel.: +91-988-664-0778 (C.N.S.)
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Salem SS, Fouda A. Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Prospective Biotechnological Applications: an Overview. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:344-370. [PMID: 32377944 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using living cells is a promising and novelty tool in bionanotechnology. Chemical and physical methods are used to synthesize NPs; however, biological methods are preferred due to its eco-friendly, clean, safe, cost-effective, easy, and effective sources for high productivity and purity. High pressure or temperature is not required for the green synthesis of NPs, and the use of toxic and hazardous substances and the addition of external reducing, stabilizing, or capping agents are avoided. Intra- or extracellular biosynthesis of NPs can be achieved by numerous biological entities including bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, actinomycetes, and plant extracts. Recently, numerous methods are used to increase the productivity of nanoparticles with variable size, shape, and stability. The different mechanical, optical, magnetic, and chemical properties of NPs have been related to their shape, size, surface charge, and surface area. Detection and characterization of biosynthesized NPs are conducted using different techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, TEM, SEM, AFM, DLS, XRD, zeta potential analyses, etc. NPs synthesized by the green approach can be incorporated into different biotechnological fields as antimicrobial, antitumor, and antioxidant agents; as a control for phytopathogens; and as bioremediative factors, and they are also used in the food and textile industries, in smart agriculture, and in wastewater treatment. This review will address biological entities that can be used for the green synthesis of NPs and their prospects for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem S Salem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Mikhailova EO. Silver Nanoparticles: Mechanism of Action and Probable Bio-Application. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:E84. [PMID: 33255874 PMCID: PMC7711612 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11040084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is devoted to the medical application of silver nanoparticles produced as a result of "green" synthesis using various living organisms (bacteria, fungi, plants). The proposed mechanisms of AgNPs synthesis and the action mechanisms on target cells are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina O Mikhailova
- Institute of innovation management, Kazan National Research Technological University, K. Marx Street 68, 420015 Kazan, Russia
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Henzelyová J, Antalová M, Nigutová K, Logoida M, Schreiberová A, Kusari S, Čellárová E. Isolation, Characterization and Targeted Metabolic Evaluation of Endophytic Fungi Harbored in 14 Seed-Derived Hypericum Species. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:997-1008. [PMID: 32294787 DOI: 10.1055/a-1130-4703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants of the genus Hypericum are rich sources of bioactive naphthodianthrones, which are unique in the plant kingdom, but quite common in fungal endophytes. Cultivable endophytic fungi were isolated from 14 different Hypericum spp. originating from seeds grown under in vitro conditions and further acclimated to outdoor conditions. Among 37 fungal isolates yielded from the aerial and underground plant organs, 25 were identified at the species level by the fungal barcode marker internal transcribed spacer rDNA and protein-coding gene region of tef1α. Ten of them were isolated from Hypericum spp. for the first time. The axenic cultures of the isolated endophytes were screened for the production of extracellular enzymes, as well as bioactive naphthodianthrones and their putative precursors by Bornträger's test and HPLC-HRMS. Traces of naphthodianthrones and their intermediates, emodin, emodin anthrone, skyrin, or pseudohypericin, were detected in the fungal mycelia of Acremonium sclerotigenum and Plectosphaerella cucumerina isolated from Hypericum perforatum and Hypericum maculatum, respectively. Traces of emodin, hypericin, and pseudohypericin were released in the broth by Scedosporium apiospermum, P. cucumerina, and Fusarium oxysporum during submerged fermentation. These endophytes were isolated from several hypericin-producing Hypericum spp. Taken together, our results reveal the biosynthetic potential of cultivable endophytic fungi harbored in Hypericum plants as well as evidence of the existence of remarkable plant-endophyte relationships in selected non-native ecological niches. A possible role of the extracellular enzymes in plant secondary metabolism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Henzelyová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Michaela Antalová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Nigutová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Mariia Logoida
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrea Schreiberová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Souvik Kusari
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eva Čellárová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Garg D, Sarkar A, Chand P, Bansal P, Gola D, Sharma S, Khantwal S, Surabhi, Mehrotra R, Chauhan N, Bharti RK. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles utilizing various biological systems: mechanisms and applications-a review. Prog Biomater 2020; 9:81-95. [PMID: 32654045 PMCID: PMC7544790 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-020-00135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolving technology of nanoparticle synthesis, especially silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) has already been applied in various fields i.e., electronics, optics, catalysis, food, health and environment. With advancement in research, it is possible to develop nanoparticles of various size, shape, morphology, and surface to volume ratio utilizing biological systems. A number of different agents and methods can be employed to develop choice based AgNPs using algae, plants, fungi and bacteria. The use of plant extracts to produce AgNPs appears to be more convenient, as the method is simple, environmental friendly and inexpensive, also requiring a single-step. The microbial synthesis of AgNps showed intracellular and extracellular mechanisms to reduce metal ions into nanoparticles. Studies have shown that different size (1-100 nm) and shapes (spherical, triangular and hexagonal etc.) of nanoparticles can be produced from various biological routes and these diverse nanoparticles have various functions and usability i.e., agriculture, medical-science, textile, cosmetics and environment protection. The present review provides an overview of various biological systems used for AgNP synthesis, its underlying mechanisms, further highlighting the current research and applications of variable shape and sized AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyanshi Garg
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aritri Sarkar
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Chand
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pulkita Bansal
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Gola
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sukirti Khantwal
- Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Surabhi
- Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rekha Mehrotra
- Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nitin Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Randhir K Bharti
- University School of Environmental Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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31
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Salleh A, Naomi R, Utami ND, Mohammad AW, Mahmoudi E, Mustafa N, Fauzi MB. The Potential of Silver Nanoparticles for Antiviral and Antibacterial Applications: A Mechanism of Action. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1566. [PMID: 32784939 PMCID: PMC7466543 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid development of nanotechnology has been in high demand, especially for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) since they have been proven to be useful in various fields such as medicine, textiles, and household appliances. AgNPs are very important because of their unique physicochemical and antimicrobial properties, with a myriad of activities that are applicable in various fields, including wound care management. This review aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of AgNPs that are responsible for their antiviral properties and their antibacterial activity towards the microorganisms. AgNPs can be synthesized through three different methods-physical, chemical, and biological synthesis-as indicated in this review. The applications and limitations of the AgNPs such as their cytotoxicity towards humans and the environment, will be discussed. Based on the literature search obtained, the properties of AgNPs scrutinizing the antibacterial or antiviral effect shown different interaction towards bacteria which dependent on the synthesis processes followed by the morphological structure of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqah Salleh
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ruth Naomi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nike Dewi Utami
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Wahab Mohammad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ebrahim Mahmoudi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Norlaila Mustafa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Munawer U, Raghavendra VB, Ningaraju S, Krishna KL, Ghosh AR, Melappa G, Pugazhendhi A. Biofabrication of gold nanoparticles mediated by the endophytic Cladosporium species: Photodegradation, in vitro anticancer activity and in vivo antitumor studies. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119729. [PMID: 32768527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Green fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) using biological sources is the fast-growing trend replacing chemical synthesis via toxic materials. Considering the importance and feasibility of green fabricated NPs, the present research focuses on the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the aqueous extract of the endophytic Cladosporium sp. (MycoAuNPs) isolated from Commiphora wightii. The synthesized MycoAuNPs are characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopic, FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized NPs showed a sharp absorption peak at 524 nm, with an average size between 5 and 10 nm in a spherical shape. XRD revealed the crystalline nature, and EDX profiling confirmed the presence of gold (Au) and oxygen (O) atoms. The biological potential of MycoAuNPs were tested under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. MycoAuNPs showed anti-cancer activity in breast cancer cell line MCF-7 (IC50 38.23 µg/mL) through the induction of apoptosis. Further, MycoAuNPs showed potential against growth of tumor in tumor-bearing mice models. MycoAuNPs significantly reduced the body weight, ascites volume, and increased the lifespan of EAC bearing mice. It induced apoptosis of the EAC cells, which was confirmed by DNA fragmentation and Giemsa staining. Also, they did not develop any secondary complications or side effects in normal mice. The photocatalytic activity of MycoAuNPs tested against Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue dyes showed potential dye degradation in the presence of sunlight. Thus, the present study gives a clear idea of the multifaceted therapeutic and catalytic applications of the biosynthesized MycoAuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Munawer
- Teresian Research Foundation, Siddarthanagar, Mysore 570011, India
| | | | - Sunayana Ningaraju
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Abhinav Raj Ghosh
- JSS College of Pharmacy, Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore 570015, India
| | - Govindappa Melappa
- P.G. Department of Studies in Botany, Davanagere University, Shivagangotri, Davanagere, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Arslan J, Jamshed H, Qureshi H. Early Detection and Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Role of Oxidative Markers and Natural Antioxidants. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:231. [PMID: 32848710 PMCID: PMC7397955 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) contributes to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. OS can be a result of increased reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, reduced antioxidants, oxidatively damaged molecules, and/or a combination of these factors. Scientific literature is scarce for the markers of OS-specific for detecting AD at an early stage. The first aim of the current review is to provide an overview of the potential OS markers in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood and/or urine that can be used for early diagnosis of human AD. The reason for exploring OS markers is that the proposed antioxidant therapies against AD appear to start too late to be effective. The second aim is to evaluate the evidence for natural antioxidants currently proposed to prevent or treat AD symptoms. To address these two aims, we critically evaluated the studies on humans in which various OS markers for detecting AD at an early stage were presented. Non-invasive OS markers that can detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD at an early stage in humans with greater specificity and sensitivity are primarily related to lipid peroxidation. However, a combination of OS markers, family history, and other biochemical tests are needed to detect the disease early on. We also report that the long-term use of vitamins (vitamin E as in almonds) and polyphenol-rich foods (curcumin/curcuminoids of turmeric, ginkgo biloba, epigallocatechin-3-gallate in green tea) seem justified for ameliorating AD symptoms. Future research on humans is warranted to justify the use of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshed Arslan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Barrett Hodgson University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Jamshed
- Department of Integrated Sciences and Mathematics, Dhanani School of Science and Engineering, Habib University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Qureshi
- Department of Integrated Sciences and Mathematics, Dhanani School of Science and Engineering, Habib University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Kumar H, Bhardwaj K, Nepovimova E, Kuča K, Singh Dhanjal D, Bhardwaj S, Bhatia SK, Verma R, Kumar D. Antioxidant Functionalized Nanoparticles: A Combat against Oxidative Stress. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1334. [PMID: 32650608 PMCID: PMC7408424 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous abiotic stresses trigger the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are highly toxic and reactive. These ROS are known to cause damage to carbohydrates, DNA, lipids and proteins, and build the oxidative stress and results in the induction of various diseases. To resolve this issue, antioxidants molecules have gained significant attention to scavenge these free radicals and ROS. However, poor absorption ability, difficulty in crossing the cell membranes and degradation of these antioxidants during delivery are the few challenges associated with both natural and synthetic antioxidants that limit their bioavailability. Moreover, the use of nanoparticles as an antioxidant is overlooked, and is limited to a few nanomaterials. To address these issues, antioxidant functionalized nanoparticles derived from various biological origin have emerged as an important alternative, because of properties like biocompatibility, high stability and targeted delivery. Algae, bacteria, fungi, lichens and plants are known as the producers of diverse secondary metabolites and phenolic compounds with extraordinary antioxidant properties. Hence, these compounds could be used in amalgamation with biogenic derived nanoparticles (NPs) for better antioxidant potential. This review intends to increase our knowledge about the antioxidant functionalized nanoparticles and the mechanism by which antioxidants empower nanoparticles to combat oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India;
| | - Kanchan Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (K.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Sonali Bhardwaj
- School of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Biotransformation and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Microbial Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (K.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India;
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35
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A review on ameliorative green nanotechnological approaches in diabetes management. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Polli AD, Ribeiro MADS, Garcia A, Polonio JC, Santos CM, Silva AA, Orlandelli RC, Castro JC, Abreu-Filho BA, Cabral MRP, Sarragiotto MH, Pamphile JA, Azevedo JL. Secondary metabolites of Curvularia sp. G6-32, an endophyte of Sapindus saponaria, with antioxidant and anticholinesterasic properties. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4148-4153. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1739681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Domingos Polli
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Garcia
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Polonio
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Caroline Menicoze Santos
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Angela Aparecida Silva
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ravely Casarotti Orlandelli
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cristina Castro
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - João Alencar Pamphile
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - João Lúcio Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz,” Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Gopalan D, Pandey A, Udupa N, Mutalik S. Receptor specific, stimuli responsive and subcellular targeted approaches for effective therapy of Alzheimer: Role of surface engineered nanocarriers. J Control Release 2019; 319:183-200. [PMID: 31866505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present review deals in-depth with the current application of nanotechnology in targeting the major pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. This review further focuses on the surface modification of the nanocarriers using antibody, aptamers, proteins and peptides for specific targeting in the brain by overcoming the biological barriers such as blood brain barrier. The stimuli responsive/pulsatile drug delivery nanoplatforms using stimuli such as pH, temperature, photo-thermal, reactive oxygen species, ultrasonic stimulation and electrical stimulation, which help to create a micro-environment to either trigger the site-specific drug release from the nanoplatform or to reduce the disease burden in the brain, have been discussed. The targeting of nanoplatforms to sub-cellular compartments such as mitochondria, nuclei, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus and lysosomes along with receptor specific interactions such as such folate, lactoferrin, transferrin, insulin and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors has been included to give reader an idea about strategies to enhance cellular co-localization and receptor based targeting of nanoparticles to enhance efficacy of delivery platform. This article describes the various type of nanoplatforms which include lipidic nanoplatforms, polymeric nanoplatforms, inorganic nanoplatforms (metallic nanocarriers, quantum dots, ceramic based nanocarriers), carbon based nanocarriers and cell derived or biomimetic (exosomes and virus based) nanoplatforms, to either deliver the active ingredient or to themselves target the Alzheimer's disease pathology. Thus the review gives a detailed insight of all the recent research studies carried out using nanotechnology in the field of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gopalan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Research, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Research, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nayanabhirama Udupa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Research, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Research, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Supaphon P, Preedanon S. Evaluation of in vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibitory, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus, Nigrospora sphaerica, isolated from Helianthus annuus. ANN MICROBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-019-01523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate alpha-glucosidase inhibition and antimicrobial activity as well as cytotoxic activity of extracts from the endophytic fungus, Nigrospora sp., isolated from leaves of Helianthus annuus, which is widely cultivated for food and used as a medicinal plant.
Methods
The fungus (TSU-CS003) was identified based on internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequences and fungal biomass, and fermentation broth was subjected to extraction by solvents (hexane and ethyl acetate). All extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity, alpha-glucosidase inhibition, and cytotoxicity activity. In addition, the active extract was analyzed by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
Results
TSU-CS003 was identified as Nigrospora sphaerica. The fermentation broth extract (BE) showed strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 16–32 μg/mL and a few yeasts with MIC values ranging from 64 to 128 μg/mL, especially Talaromyces marneffei with an MIC value of 4 μg/mL. The effects of BE were observed by SEM. The results showed that this extract affected the cell morphology of T. marneffei. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BE from alpha-glucosidase inhibition was recorded as 17.25 μg/mL and also showed significant cytotoxicity against A549 human cancer cell lines with an IC50 value of 22.41 μg/mL. Furthermore, BE was analyzed by using GC-MS and divided into three main compounds, including 5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, (Z)-methyl 4-(isobutyryloxy)but-3-enoate, and 2-phenylacetic acid.
Conclusion
This was the first report of the endophytic fungus N. sphaerica from H. annuus. It is a potential source of active metabolites, which gave the strong antifungal activity, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity to A549 cancer cell lines.
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Tyagi S, Tyagi PK, Gola D, Chauhan N, Bharti RK. Extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles using entomopathogenic fungus: characterization and antibacterial potential. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Endophyte-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their biological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2551-2569. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ovais M, Khalil AT, Ayaz M, Ahmad I, Nethi SK, Mukherjee S. Biosynthesis of Metal Nanoparticles via Microbial Enzymes: A Mechanistic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4100. [PMID: 30567324 PMCID: PMC6321641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, metal nanoparticles (MtNPs) have gained immense popularity due to their characteristic physicochemical properties, as well as containing antimicrobial, anti-cancer, catalyzing, optical, electronic and magnetic properties. Primarily, these MtNPs have been synthesized through different physical and chemical methods. However, these conventional methods have various drawbacks, such as high energy consumption, high cost and the involvement of toxic chemical substances. Microbial flora has provided an alternative platform for the biological synthesis of MtNPs in an eco-friendly and cost effective way. In this article we have focused on various microorganisms used for the synthesis of different MtNPs. We also have elaborated on the intracellular and extracellular mechanisms of MtNP synthesis in microorganisms, and have highlighted their advantages along with their challenges. Moreover, due to several advantages over chemically synthesized nanoparticles, the microbial MtNPs, with their exclusive and dynamic characteristics, can be used in different sectors like the agriculture, medicine, cosmetics and biotechnology industries in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ovais
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ali Talha Khalil
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Qarshi University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Chakdara 18000, Pakistan.
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Life sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Susheel Kumar Nethi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Sudip Mukherjee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Prasher P, Singh M, Mudila H. Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial therapeutics: current perspectives and future challenges. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:411. [PMID: 30237958 PMCID: PMC6138003 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Utility of silver metal in antimicrobial therapy is an accepted practice since ages that faded with time because of the identification of a few silver resistant strains in the contemporary era. A successive development of antibiotics soon followed. However, due to an indiscriminate and unregulated use coupled with poor legal control measures and a dearth of expertise in handling the critical episodes, the antibiotics era has already seen a steep decline in the past decades due to the evolution of multi-drug resistant 'superbugs' which pose a sizeable challenge to manage with. Due to limited options in the pipeline and no clear strategy in the forefront, the aspirations for novel, MDR focused drug discovery to target the 'superbugs' arose which once again led to the rise of AgNPs in antimicrobial research. In this review, we have focused on the green routes for the synthesis of AgNPs, the mode of microbial inhibition by AgNPs, synergistic effect of AgNPs with antibiotics and future challenges for the development of nano-silver-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007 India
| | - Manjeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, 248007 India
| | - Harish Mudila
- Lovely Professional University, Punjab, 144411 India
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263153 India
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