1
|
Abbasnia S, Hashem Asnaashari AM, Sharebiani H, Soleimanpour S, Mosavat A, Rezaee SA. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host interactions in the manifestation of tuberculosis. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2024; 36:100458. [PMID: 38983441 PMCID: PMC11231606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The final step of epigenetic processes is changing the gene expression in a new microenvironment in the body, such as neuroendocrine changes, active infections, oncogenes, or chemical agents. The case of tuberculosis (TB) is an outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and host interaction in the manifestation of active and latent TB or clearance. This comprehensive review explains and interprets the epigenetics findings regarding gene expressions on the host-pathogen interactions in the development and progression of tuberculosis. This review introduces novel insights into the complicated host-pathogen interactions, discusses the challengeable results, and shows the gaps in the clear understanding of M.tb behavior. Focusing on the biological phenomena of host-pathogen interactions, the epigenetic changes, and their outcomes provides a promising future for developing effective TB immunotherapies when converting gene expression toward appropriate host immune responses gradually becomes attainable. Overall, this review may shed light on the dark sides of TB pathogenesis as a life-threatening disease. Therefore, it may support effective planning and implementation of epigenetics approaches for introducing proper therapies or effective vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Abbasnia
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hiva Sharebiani
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Xu D, Nie Q, Wang J, Fang D, Xie Y, Xiong H, Pan Q, Zhang XL. Macrophages exploit the mannose receptor and JAK-STAT1-MHC-II pathway to drive antigen presentation and the antimycobacterial immune response after BCG vaccination. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024. [PMID: 38894685 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tb), remains one of the leading causes of fatal infectious diseases worldwide. The only licensed vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), has variable efficacy against TB in adults. Insufficiency of immune cell function diminishes the protective effects of the BCG vaccine. It is critical to clarify the mechanism underlying the antimycobacterial immune response during BCG vaccination. Macrophage mannose receptor (MR) is important for enhancing the uptake and processing of glycoconjugated antigens from pathogens for presentation to T cells, but the roles of macrophage MR in the BCG-induced immune response against M. tb are not yet clear. Here, we discover that macrophage MR deficiency impairs the antimycobacterial immune response in BCG-vaccinated mice. Mechanistically, macrophage MR triggers JAK-STAT1 signaling, which promotes antigen presentation via upregulated MHC-II and induces IL-12 production by macrophages, contributing to CD4 + T cell activation and IFN-γ production. MR deficiency in macrophages reduces the vaccine efficacy of BCG and increases susceptibility to M. tb H37Ra challenge in mice. Our results suggest that MR is critical for macrophage antigen presentation and the antimycobacterial immune response to BCG vaccination and offer valuable guidance for the preventive strategy of BCG immunization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Qi Nie
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Huang Xiong
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Anatomy, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences) and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De K, Belardinelli JM, Pandurangan AP, Ehianeta T, Lian E, Palčeková Z, Lam H, Gonzalez-Juarrero M, Bryant JM, Blundell TL, Parkhill J, Floto RA, Lowary TL, Wheat WH, Jackson M. Lipoarabinomannan modification as a source of phenotypic heterogeneity in host-adapted Mycobacterium abscessus isolates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403206121. [PMID: 38630725 PMCID: PMC11046677 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403206121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus is increasingly recognized as the causative agent of chronic pulmonary infections in humans. One of the genes found to be under strong evolutionary pressure during adaptation of M. abscessus to the human lung is embC which encodes an arabinosyltransferase required for the biosynthesis of the cell envelope lipoglycan, lipoarabinomannan (LAM). To assess the impact of patient-derived embC mutations on the physiology and virulence of M. abscessus, mutations were introduced in the isogenic background of M. abscessus ATCC 19977 and the resulting strains probed for phenotypic changes in a variety of in vitro and host cell-based assays relevant to infection. We show that patient-derived mutational variations in EmbC result in an unexpectedly large number of changes in the physiology of M. abscessus, and its interactions with innate immune cells. Not only did the mutants produce previously unknown forms of LAM with a truncated arabinan domain and 3-linked oligomannoside chains, they also displayed significantly altered cording, sliding motility, and biofilm-forming capacities. The mutants further differed from wild-type M. abscessus in their ability to replicate and induce inflammatory responses in human monocyte-derived macrophages and epithelial cells. The fact that different embC mutations were associated with distinct physiologic and pathogenic outcomes indicates that structural alterations in LAM caused by nonsynonymous nucleotide polymorphisms in embC may be a rapid, one-step, way for M. abscessus to generate broad-spectrum diversity beneficial to survival within the heterogeneous and constantly evolving environment of the infected human airway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita De
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523-1682
| | - Juan M. Belardinelli
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523-1682
| | - Arun Prasad Pandurangan
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Campus, Trumpington, CambridgeCB2 OBB, United Kingdom
| | - Teddy Ehianeta
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei11529, Taiwan
| | - Elena Lian
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523-1682
| | - Zuzana Palčeková
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523-1682
| | - Ha Lam
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523-1682
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523-1682
| | - Josephine M. Bryant
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, HinxtonCB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Campus, Trumpington, CambridgeCB2 OBB, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - R. Andres Floto
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Campus, Trumpington, CambridgeCB2 OBB, United Kingdom
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Trumpington, CambridgeCB2 0QH, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge Centre for AI in Medicine, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital, CambridgeCB2 0AY, United Kingdom
| | - Todd L. Lowary
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - William H. Wheat
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523-1682
| | - Mary Jackson
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523-1682
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee SY, Marando VM, Smelyansky SR, Kim DE, Calabretta PJ, Warner TC, Bryson BD, Kiessling LL. Selective Glycan Labeling of Mannose-Containing Glycolipids in Mycobacteria. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:377-385. [PMID: 38112296 PMCID: PMC10914408 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of history's most successful human pathogens. By subverting typical immune responses, Mtb can persist within a host until conditions become favorable for growth and proliferation. Virulence factors that enable mycobacteria to modulate host immune systems include a suite of mannose-containing glycolipids: phosphatidylinositol mannosides, lipomannan, and lipoarabinomannan (LAM). Despite their importance, tools for their covalent capture, modification, and imaging are limited. Here, we describe a chemical biology strategy to detect and visualize these glycans. Our approach, biosynthetic incorporation, is to synthesize a lipid-glycan precursor that can be incorporated at a late-stage step in glycolipid biosynthesis. We previously demonstrated selective mycobacterial arabinan modification by biosynthetic incorporation using an exogenous donor. This report reveals that biosynthetic labeling is general and selective: it allows for cell surface mannose-containing glycolipid modification without nonspecific labeling of mannosylated glycoproteins. Specifically, we employed azido-(Z,Z)-farnesyl phosphoryl-β-d-mannose probes and took advantage of the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition to label and directly visualize the localization and dynamics of mycobacterial mannose-containing glycolipids. Our studies highlight the generality and utility of biosynthetic incorporation as the probe structure directs the selective labeling of distinct glycans. The disclosed agents allowed for direct tracking of the target immunomodulatory glycolipid dynamics in cellulo. We anticipate that these probes will facilitate investigating the diverse biological roles of these glycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Victoria M. Marando
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephanie R. Smelyansky
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daria E. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Phillip J. Calabretta
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Theodore C. Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bryan D. Bryson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Laura L. Kiessling
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aiassa LV, Battaglia G, Rizzello L. The multivalency game ruling the biology of immunity. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:041306. [PMID: 38505426 PMCID: PMC10914136 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in our immune system, preserving tissue health and defending against harmful pathogens. This article examines the diversity of macrophages influenced by tissue-specific functions and developmental origins, both in normal and disease conditions. Understanding the spectrum of macrophage activation states, especially in pathological situations where they contribute significantly to disease progression, is essential to develop targeted therapies effectively. These states are characterized by unique receptor compositions and phenotypes, but they share commonalities. Traditional drugs that target individual entities are often insufficient. A promising approach involves using multivalent systems adorned with multiple ligands to selectively target specific macrophage populations based on their phenotype. Achieving this requires constructing supramolecular structures, typically at the nanoscale. This review explores the theoretical foundation of engineered multivalent nanosystems, dissecting the key parameters governing specific interactions. The goal is to design targeting systems based on distinct cell phenotypes, providing a pragmatic approach to navigating macrophage heterogeneity's complexities for more effective therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu Y, Li P, Jiang Z, Sun X, He H, Yan P, Xu Y, Liu Y. Bioinspired yeast-based β-glucan system for oral drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121163. [PMID: 37567689 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is the preferred route of drug administration for patients, especially those who need long-term medication. Recently, bioinspired drug delivery systems have emerged for the oral delivery of various therapeutics. Among them, the yeast-based β-glucan system is a novel and promising platform, for oral administration that can overcome the biological barriers of the harsh gastrointestinal environment. Remarkably, the yeast-based β-glucan system not only protects the drug through the harsh gastrointestinal environment but also achieves targeted therapeutic effects by specifically recognizing immune cells, especially macrophages. Otherwise, it exhibits immunomodulatory properties. Based on the pleasant characteristics of the yeast-based β-glucan system, they are widely used in various macrophage-related diseases for oral administration. In this review, we introduced the structure and function of yeast-based β-glucan. Subsequently, we further summarized the current preparation methods of yeast-based β-glucan carriers and the strategies for preparing yeast-based β-glucan drug delivery systems. In addition, we focus on discussing the applications of β-glucan drug delivery systems in various diseases. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of the β-glucan drug delivery system are introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Huqiang He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Pijun Yan
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Krishnan V, Nath S, Nair P, Das B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its clever approaches to escape the deadly macrophage. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:300. [PMID: 37667129 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt.b), a deadly disease causer, is a facultative parasite. This microorganism has developed several methods to defend itself, once internalized within specialised vacuoles in the macrophages. A wide array of receptors like the complement receptor mannose receptors, scavenger receptor assists the entry of the microbe within the phagocytic macrophages. However, Mt.b is clever enough to protect itself from the hostile environment of the macrophage thereby prevailing within it. The microbe can efficiently inhibit processes like phagosome-lysosome fusion, acidification of phagosomes, release of proinflammatory cytokines and stop crucial events like apoptosis. Additionally, it also adopts resistance to killing by reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates. There are multiple genes both in host and the pathogen which are involved in this successful survival of Mt.b. The regulation of phagolysosome fusion is mediated by proteins such as Coronin, TlyA, SapM, PnkG, EsxH. The microbe has certain mechanisms to even acquire iron from the host cell, to withstand iron deprivation as a mode of host's defence mechanism. This review focuses on the various defensive adaptations acquired by Mt.b for fighting against the deprived conditions existing within the macrophages and their capability of proliferating successfully within it, thereby resulting in a diseased condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinaya Krishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Mount Carmel College Autonomous, Bengaluru, 560052, India
| | | | - Preetha Nair
- Department of Biotechnology, Mount Carmel College Autonomous, Bengaluru, 560052, India
| | - Bannhi Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Mount Carmel College Autonomous, Bengaluru, 560052, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Italia A, Shaik MM, Peri F. Emerging Extracellular Molecular Targets for Innovative Pharmacological Approaches to Resistant Mtb Infection. Biomolecules 2023; 13:999. [PMID: 37371579 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging pharmacological strategies that target major virulence factors of antibiotic-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are presented and discussed. This review is divided into three parts corresponding to structures and functions important for Mtb pathogenicity: the cell wall, the lipoarabinomannan, and the secretory proteins. Within the cell wall, we further focus on three biopolymeric sub-components: mycolic acids, arabinogalactan, and peptidoglycan. We present a comprehensive overview of drugs and drug candidates that target cell walls, envelopes, and secretory systems. An understanding at a molecular level of Mtb pathogenesis is provided, and potential future directions in therapeutic strategies are suggested to access new drugs to combat the growing global threat of antibiotic-resistant Mtb infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Italia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Mohammed Monsoor Shaik
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yimcharoen M, Saikaew S, Wattananandkul U, Phunpae P, Intorasoot S, Tayapiwatana C, Butr-Indr B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Adaptation in Response to Isoniazid Treatment in a Multi-Stress System That Mimics the Host Environment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050852. [PMID: 37237755 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoniazid (INH) is an antibiotic that is widely used to treat tuberculosis (TB). Adaptation to environmental stress is a survival strategy for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is associated with antibiotic resistance development. Here, mycobacterial adaptation following INH treatment was studied using a multi-stress system (MS), which mimics host-derived stress. Mtb H37Rv (drug-susceptible), mono-isoniazid resistant (INH-R), mono-rifampicin resistant (RIF-R), and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were cultivated in the MS with or without INH. The expression of stress-response genes (hspX, tgs1, icl1, and sigE) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM)-related genes (pimB, mptA, mptC, dprE1, dprE2, and embC), which play important roles in the host-pathogen interaction, were measured using real-time PCR. The different adaptations of the drug-resistant (DR) and drug-susceptible (DS) strains were presented in this work. icl1 and dprE1 were up-regulated in the DR strains in the MS, implying their roles as markers of virulence and potential drug targets. In the presence of INH, hspX, tgs1, and sigE were up-regulated in the INH-R and RIF-R strains, while icl1 and LAM-related genes were up-regulated in the H37Rv strain. This study demonstrates the complexity of mycobacterial adaptation through stress response regulation and LAM expression in response to INH under the MS, which could potentially be applied for TB treatment and monitoring in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manita Yimcharoen
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Saikaew
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Usanee Wattananandkul
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ponrut Phunpae
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sorasak Intorasoot
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Tayapiwatana
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Bordin Butr-Indr
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cummings MJ, Bakamutumaho B, Jain K, Price A, Owor N, Kayiwa J, Namulondo J, Byaruhanga T, Muwanga M, Nsereko C, Nayiga I, Kyebambe S, Che X, Sameroff S, Tokarz R, Wong W, Postler TS, Larsen MH, Lipkin WI, Lutwama JJ, O’Donnell MR. Brief Report: Detection of Urine Lipoarabinomannan Is Associated With Proinflammatory Innate Immune Activation, Impaired Host Defense, and Organ Dysfunction in Adults With Severe HIV-Associated Tuberculosis in Uganda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2023; 93:79-85. [PMID: 36701194 PMCID: PMC10079575 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunopathology of disseminated HIV-associated tuberculosis (HIV/TB), a leading cause of critical illness and death among persons living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, is incompletely understood. Reflective of hematogenously disseminated TB, detection of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in urine is associated with greater bacillary burden and poor outcomes in adults with HIV/TB. METHODS We determined the relationship between detection of urine TB-LAM, organ dysfunction, and host immune responses in a prospective cohort of adults hospitalized with severe HIV/TB in Uganda. Generalized additive models were used to analyze the association between urine TB-LAM grade and concentrations of 14 soluble immune mediators. Whole-blood RNA-sequencing data were used to compare transcriptional profiles between patients with high- vs. low-grade TB-LAM results. RESULTS Among 157 hospitalized persons living with HIV, 40 (25.5%) had positive urine TB-LAM testing. Higher TB-LAM grade was associated with more severe physiologic derangement, organ dysfunction, and shock. Adjusted generalized additive models showed that higher TB-LAM grade was significantly associated with higher concentrations of mediators reflecting proinflammatory innate and T-cell activation and chemotaxis (IL-8, MIF, MIP-1β/CCL4, and sIL-2Ra/sCD25). Transcriptionally, patients with higher TB-LAM grades demonstrated multifaceted impairment of antibacterial defense including reduced expression of genes encoding cytotoxic and autophagy-related proteins and impaired cross-talk between innate and cell-mediated immune effectors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings add to emerging data suggesting pathobiological relationships between LAM, TB dissemination, innate cell activation, and evasion of host immunity in severe HIV/TB. Further translational studies are needed to elucidate the role for immunomodulatory therapies, in addition to optimized anti-TB treatment, in this often critically ill population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Cummings
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barnabas Bakamutumaho
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
- Immunizable Diseases Unit, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Komal Jain
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Price
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Owor
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - John Kayiwa
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Joyce Namulondo
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Timothy Byaruhanga
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Moses Muwanga
- Entebbe General Referral Hospital, Ministry of Health, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Irene Nayiga
- Entebbe General Referral Hospital, Ministry of Health, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Stephen Kyebambe
- Entebbe General Referral Hospital, Ministry of Health, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Xiaoyu Che
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Sameroff
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rafal Tokarz
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wai Wong
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas S. Postler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle H. Larsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - W. Ian Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julius J. Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Max R. O’Donnell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sousa FDMD, Souza IDP, Amoras EDSG, Lima SS, Cayres-Vallinoto IMV, Ishak R, Vallinoto ACR, Queiroz MAF. Low levels of TNFA gene expression seem to favor the development of pulmonary tuberculosis in a population from the Brazilian Amazon. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152333. [PMID: 36630812 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
TNF-α is a Th1 cytokine profile active in the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, IL-10 is associated with persistence of bacterial infection. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of TNFA -308G/A and IL10 -819C/T polymorphisms and TNFA and IL10 gene expression levels with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (n = 200) and control (n = 200). The individuals were submitted to genotyping and quantification of gene expression performed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). No association was observed between the frequencies of polymorphisms evaluated and pulmonary tuberculosis. The frequency of polymorphic genotypes for TNFA -308G/A were associated with the extrapulmonary tuberculosis (p = 0.0445). The levels of TNFA expression were lower in the pulmonary tuberculosis group than in the control (p = 0.0009). There was a positive correlation between the levels of TNFA and IL10 in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (r = 0.560; p = 0.0103). Reduced levels of TNFA expression may promote the formation of an anti-inflammatory microenvironment, favoring the persistence of the bacillus in the host, contributing to the establishment of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Dayse Martins de Sousa
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Iury de Paula Souza
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66.075-110, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66.075-110, Brazil
| | - Sandra Souza Lima
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66.075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Ishak
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66.075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém 66.075-110, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Du J, Su Y, Wang R, Dong E, Cao Y, Zhao W, Gong W. Research progress on specific and non-specific immune effects of BCG and the possibility of BCG protection against COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118378. [PMID: 36798128 PMCID: PMC9927227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only approved vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) prevention worldwide. BCG has an excellent protective effect on miliary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis in children or infants. Interestingly, a growing number of studies have shown that BCG vaccination can induce nonspecific and specific immunity to fight against other respiratory disease pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. The continuous emergence of variants of SARS-CoV-2 makes the protective efficiency of COVID-19-specific vaccines an unprecedented challenge. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that BCG-induced trained immunity might protect against COVID-19 infection. This study comprehensively described BCG-induced nonspecific and specific immunity and the mechanism of trained immunity. In addition, this study also reviewed the research on BCG revaccination to prevent TB, the impact of BCG on other non-tuberculous diseases, and the clinical trials of BCG to prevent COVID-19 infection. These data will provide new evidence to confirm the hypotheses mentioned above.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Du
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Su
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilan Wang
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Enjun Dong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Gong
- Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yan Z, Wang X, Yi L, Yang B, Wei P, Ruan H, Wang J, Yang X, Zhang H. Enhanced Serum IgG Detection Potential Using 38KD-MPT32-MPT64, CFP10-Mtb81-EspC Fusion Protein and Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) for Human Tuberculosis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121545. [PMID: 36558879 PMCID: PMC9787591 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For the rapid, reliable, and cost-effective methods of tuberculosis (TB) auxiliary diagnosis, antibody (Ab) detection to multiple antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has great potential; however, this methodology requires optimization. We constructed 38KD-MPT32-MPT64, CFP10-Mtb81-EspC, and Ag85B-HBHA fusion proteins and evaluated the serum Ab response to these fusion proteins and to lipoarabinomannan (LAM) by ELISA in 50 TB patients and 17 non-TB subjects. IgG responses to the three fusion proteins and to LAM were significantly higher in TB patients, especially in Xpert Mtb-positive TB patients (TB-Xpert+), than in non-TB subjects. Only the anti-38KD-MPT32-MPT64 Ab showed higher levels in the Xpert Mtb-negative TB patients (TB-Xpert-) than in the non-TB, and only the anti-LAM Ab showed higher levels in the TB-Xpert+ group than in the TB-Xpert- group. Anti-Ag85B-HBHA Ab-positive samples could be accurately identified using 38KD-MPT32-MPT64. The combination of 38KD-MPT32-MPT64, CFP10-Mtb81-EspC, and LAM conferred definite complementarity for the serum IgG detection of TB, with relatively high sensitivity (74.0%) and specificity (88.2%). These data suggest that the combination of 38KD-MPT32-MPT64, CFP10-Mtb81-EspC, and LAM antigens provided a basis for IgG detection and for evaluation of the humoral immune response in patients with TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohong Yan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Xiaojue Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Ling Yi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Panjian Wei
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Hongyun Ruan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Xinting Yang
- The Third Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (H.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Simper JD, Perez E, Schlesinger LS, Azad AK. Resistance and Susceptibility Immune Factors at Play during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Macrophages. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101153. [PMID: 36297211 PMCID: PMC9611686 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), is responsible for >1.5 million deaths worldwide annually. Innate immune cells, especially macrophages, are the first to encounter M.tb, and their response dictates the course of infection. During infection, macrophages exert a variety of immune factors involved in either controlling or promoting the growth of M.tb. Research on this topic has been performed in both in vitro and in vivo animal models with discrepant results in some cases based on the model of study. Herein, we review macrophage resistance and susceptibility immune factors, focusing primarily on recent advances in the field. We include macrophage cellular pathways, bioeffector proteins and molecules, cytokines and chemokines, associated microbiological factors and bacterial strains, and host genetic factors in innate immune genes. Recent advances in mechanisms underlying macrophage resistance and susceptibility factors will aid in the successful development of host-directed therapeutics, a topic emphasized throughout this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan D. Simper
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Esteban Perez
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Translational Sciences Program, UT Health San Antonio Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Correspondence: (L.S.S.); (A.K.A.); Tel.: +1-210-258-9578 (L.S.S.); +1-210-258-9467 (A.K.A.)
| | - Abul K. Azad
- Host-Pathogen Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Correspondence: (L.S.S.); (A.K.A.); Tel.: +1-210-258-9578 (L.S.S.); +1-210-258-9467 (A.K.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li YY, Liu HM, Wang D, Lu Y, Ding C, Zhou LS, Wu XY, Zhou ZW, Xu SQ, Lin C, Qin LH, Li Y, Liu J, Liu HP, Zhang L. Arabinogalactan enhances Mycobacterium marinum virulence by suppressing host innate immune responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879775. [PMID: 36090984 PMCID: PMC9459032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinogalactan (AG) participates in forming the cell wall core of mycobacteria, a structure known as the mAGP complex. Few studies have reported the virulence of inartificial AG or its interaction with the host immune system. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference gene editing technology, conditional Mycobacterium marinum mutants were constructed with a low expression of embA or glfT2 (EmbA_KD or GlfT2_KD), which are separately involved in the biosynthesis of AG arabinose and galactose domains. High-performance gel permeation chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography assays confirmed that the EmbA_KD strain showed a remarkable decrease in AG content with fragmentary arabinose chains, and the GlfT2_KD strain displayed less reduction in content with cut-down galactose chains. Based on transmission and scanning electron microscopy observations, the cell walls of the two mutants were found to be dramatically thickened, and the boundaries of different layers were more distinct. Phenotypes including the over-secretion of extracellular substances and enhanced spreading motility with a concomitant decreased resistance to ethambutol appeared in the EmbA_KD strain. The EmbA_KD and GlfT2_KD strains displayed limited intracellular proliferation after infecting murine J774A.1 macrophages. The disease progression infected with the EmbA_KD or GlfT2_KD strain significantly slowed down in zebrafish/murine tail infection models as well. Through transcriptome profiling, macrophages infected by EmbA_KD/GlfT2_KD strains showed enhanced oxidative metabolism. The cell survival measured using the CCK8 assay of macrophages exposed to the EmbA_KD strain was upregulated and consistent with the pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in terms of cell cycle/apoptosis. The overexpression of C/EBPβ and the increasing secretion of proinflammatory cytokines were validated in the macrophages infected by the EmbA_KD mutant. In conclusion, the AG of Mycobacterium appears to restrain the host innate immune responses to enhance intracellular proliferation by interfering with oxidative metabolism and causing macrophage death. The arabinose chains of AG influence the Mycobacterium virulence and pathogenicity to a greater extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-yu Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han-Mei Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Decheng Wang
- School of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cairong Ding
- School of Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Li-Shuang Zhou
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Wu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-qin Xu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian-Hua Qin
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jun Liu, ; Hai-Peng Liu, ; Lu Zhang,
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Liu, ; Hai-Peng Liu, ; Lu Zhang,
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Liu, ; Hai-Peng Liu, ; Lu Zhang,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hou X, Zhang X, Zhang Z. Role of surfactant protein-D in ocular bacterial infection. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 42:3611-3623. [PMID: 35639299 PMCID: PMC9151998 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Our review explains the role of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in different kinds of bacterial infection based on its presence in different ocular surface tissues. We discuss the potential role of SP-D against invasion by pathogens, with the aim of identifying new prospects for the possible mechanism of SP-D-mediated immune processes, and the diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment of ocular bacterial infection. Methods We reviewed articles about the role of SP-D in various ocular bacterial infections or infection-related ocular diseases through PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Web of Science databases. Results SP-D acts as an important immune factor that can resemble molecules in different polymerization states and that defends against pathogen invasion. The increased SP-D production and secretion in tear fluid and the cornea after ocular bacterial infections such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis, and infection-related ocular diseases, was shown to have potential anti-inflammatory effects. The mechanisms of SP-D’s action against ocular bacterial infections include presenting, aggregating, opsonizing, and phagocytizing antigens, as well as regulating anti-bacterial immunity processes, including toll-like receptor-5 (TLR-5) pathway and IL-8 effect, TLR-4 and TLR-2 pathways and other possible ways remained to be elucidated in more detail. The findings demonstrate the potential of SP-D as an important clinical diagnostic biomarker prognosis predictor, and target for ocular immunotherapy. Conclusion SP-D participates in invasion by different ocular bacteria and infection-related ocular diseases through multiple immune mechanisms. This finding provides new prospects for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of ocular bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Hou
- The Second Affiliated College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Second Affiliated College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- The Second Affiliated College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Discovery of nitric oxide-inducing activities of synthetic LAM glycan motifs prepared by scalable rapid syntheses. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
18
|
Yimcharoen M, Saikaew S, Wattananandkul U, Phunpae P, Intorasoot S, Kasinrerk W, Tayapiwatana C, Butr-Indr B. The Regulation of ManLAM-Related Gene Expression in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Different Drug Resistance Profiles Following Isoniazid Treatment. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:399-412. [PMID: 35153492 PMCID: PMC8828085 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s346869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains a global health concern because of the development of drug resistance. The adaptability of MTB in response to a variety of environmental stresses is a crucial strategy that supports their survival and evades host defense mechanisms. Stress regulates gene expression, particularly virulence genes, leading to the development of drug tolerance. Mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) is a critical component of the cell wall, functions as a virulence factor and influences host defense mechanisms. Purpose This study focuses on the effect of isoniazid (INH) stress on the regulation of ManLAM-related genes, to improve our understanding of virulence and drug resistance development in MTB. Materials and Methods MTB with distinct drug resistance profiles were used for gene expression analysis. Multiplex-real time PCR assay was performed to monitor stress-related genes (hspX, tgs1, and sigE). The expression levels of ManLAM-related genes (pimB, mptA, mptC, dprE1, dprE2, and embC) were quantified by qRT-PCR. Sequence analysis of drug resistance-associated genes (inhA, katG, and rpoB) and ManLAM-related genes were performed to establish a correlation between genetic variation and gene expression. Results INH treatment activates the stress response mechanism in MTB, resulting in a distinct gene expression pattern between drug resistance and drug-sensitive TB. In response to INH, hspX was up-regulated in RIF-R and MDR. tgs1 was strongly up-regulated in MDR, whereas sigE was dramatically up-regulated in the drug-sensitive TB. Interestingly, ManLAM-related genes were most up-regulated in drug resistance, notably MDR (pimB, mptA, dprE1, and embC), implying a role for drug resistance and adaptability of MTB via ManLAM modulation. Conclusion This study establishes a relationship between the antibiotic stress response mechanism and the expression of ManLAM-related genes in MTB samples with diverse drug resistance profiles. The novel gene expression pattern in this work is valuable knowledge that can be applied for TB monitoring and treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manita Yimcharoen
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Saikaew
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Usanee Wattananandkul
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ponrut Phunpae
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sorasak Intorasoot
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at The Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Tayapiwatana
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at The Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Biomolecular Therapy and Diagnostic, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Bordin Butr-Indr
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: Bordin Butr-Indr, Tel +66 53945086 ext. 15, Fax +66 53217143, Email ;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Soto JA, Gálvez NMS, Andrade CA, Ramírez MA, Riedel CA, Kalergis AM, Bueno SM. BCG vaccination induces cross-protective immunity against pathogenic microorganisms. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:322-335. [PMID: 35074254 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain used as a vaccine to prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection. Its ability to potentiate the immune response induced by other vaccines and to promote nonspecific immunomodulatory effects has been described. These effects can be triggered by epigenetic reprogramming and metabolic shifts on innate immune cells, a phenomenon known as trained immunity. The induction of trained immunity may contribute to explain why BCG vaccination effectively decreases disease symptoms caused by pathogens different from M. tb. This article explains the importance of BCG immunization and the possible mechanisms associated with the induction of trained immunity, which might be used as a strategy for rapid activation of the immune system against unrelated pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Soto
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Nicolás M S Gálvez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Catalina A Andrade
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Mario A Ramírez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile; Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao J, Gao S, Chen C, Li H, Wang S, Yu Y, Ming L. Screening and identification of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12776. [PMID: 35111403 PMCID: PMC8772445 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efforts to eradicate tuberculosis are largely threatened by drug-resistant tuberculosis, particularly, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Screening and identification potential biomarkers for MDR-TB is crucial to diagnose early and reduce the incidence of MDR-TB. METHODS To screen the differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs in MDR-TB, the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in serum derived from healthy controls (HCs), individuals with MDR-TB and drug-sensitive tuberculosis (DS-TB) were analyzed by microarray assay and 10 lncRNAs were randomly selected for further validation by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR). The biological functions of differentially expressed mRNAs as well as relationships between genes and signaling pathways were investigated using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), respectively. RESULTS A total of 353 differentially expressed lncRNAs (312 upregulated) and 202 mRNAs (99 upregulated) were found in the MDR-TB group compared to HCs. And compared with the DS-TB group, 442 differentially expressed lncRNAs (115 upregulated) and 190 mRNAs (87 upregulated) were found in the MDR-TB group. The expression levels of lncRNA n335659 were found to differ significantly between each group by RT-qPCR. Compared with DS-TB group, the GO analysis showed that the differential mRNAs were mainly enriched in the processes associated with the detection of the chemical stimulus, the regulation of mRNA metabolic process and neutrophil activation in the MDR-TB group; the KEGG analysis indicated that the differential mRNAs between DS-TB and MDR-TB were mainly enriched in proteasome and Notch signaling pathway, which might reveal a fraction of the mechanism of MDR-TB. The discovery of the serum lncRNA n335659 might serve as a potential biomarker for MDR-TB and Notch signaling pathway provided a new clue for the investigation of the pathological mechanism of MDR-TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - ShuHui Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunguang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongmin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Repurposing diphenylbutylpiperidine-class antipsychotic drugs for host-directed therapy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella enterica infections. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19634. [PMID: 34608194 PMCID: PMC8490354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistent increase of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections negatively impacts Tuberculosis treatment outcomes. Host-directed therapies (HDT) pose an complementing strategy, particularly since Mtb is highly successful in evading host-defense by manipulating host-signaling pathways. Here, we screened a library containing autophagy-modulating compounds for their ability to inhibit intracellular Mtb-bacteria. Several active compounds were identified, including two drugs of the diphenylbutylpiperidine-class, Fluspirilene and Pimozide, commonly used as antipsychotics. Both molecules inhibited intracellular Mtb in pro- as well as anti-inflammatory primary human macrophages in a host-directed manner and synergized with conventional anti-bacterials. Importantly, these inhibitory effects extended to MDR-Mtb strains and the unrelated intracellular pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Stm). Mechanistically Fluspirilene and Pimozide were shown to regulate autophagy and alter the lysosomal response, partly correlating with increased bacterial localization to autophago(lyso)somes. Pimozide's and Fluspirilene's efficacy was inhibited by antioxidants, suggesting involvement of the oxidative-stress response in Mtb growth control. Furthermore, Fluspirilene and especially Pimozide counteracted Mtb-induced STAT5 phosphorylation, thereby reducing Mtb phagosome-localized CISH that promotes phagosomal acidification. In conclusion, two approved antipsychotic drugs, Pimozide and Fluspirilene, constitute highly promising and rapidly translatable candidates for HDT against Mtb and Stm and act by modulating the autophagic/lysosomal response by multiple mechanisms.
Collapse
|
22
|
Holzheimer M, Buter J, Minnaard AJ. Chemical Synthesis of Cell Wall Constituents of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9554-9643. [PMID: 34190544 PMCID: PMC8361437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), causing
tuberculosis disease, features an extraordinary
thick cell envelope, rich in Mtb-specific lipids,
glycolipids, and glycans. These cell wall components are often directly
involved in host–pathogen interaction and recognition, intracellular
survival, and virulence. For decades, these mycobacterial natural
products have been of great interest for immunology and synthetic
chemistry alike, due to their complex molecular structure and the
biological functions arising from it. The synthesis of many of these
constituents has been achieved and aided the elucidation of their
function by utilizing the synthetic material to study Mtb immunology. This review summarizes the synthetic efforts of a quarter
century of total synthesis and highlights how the synthesis layed
the foundation for immunological studies as well as drove the field
of organic synthesis and catalysis to efficiently access these complex
natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Holzheimer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Buter
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao JW, Jiao L, Guo MM, Zheng L, Wang XB, Gao SH, Ying BW, Ming L. SFTPC genetic polymorphisms are associated with tuberculosis susceptibility and clinical phenotype in a Western Chinese Han population. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:100. [PMID: 32973949 PMCID: PMC7507020 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common infectious diseases globally. The surfactant protein C (SFTPC), which is involved in innate immunity and surfactant function in the lung, may contribute toward the progression of TB. The aim of the present study was to preliminarily investigate the possible association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SFTPC gene with TB susceptibility and clinical phenotypes in a Western Chinese Han population. The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction method was used to genotype 6 SNPs in SFTPC, in 900 patients with TB and 1,534 healthy control subjects. It was found that the A allele for rs1124 and the C allele for rs8192313 were associated with increased susceptibility to TB, P=0.024 and P=0.045, respectively. However, these two P-values were not significant following Bonferroni correction. In all samples, the haplotype [CGA], representing three SFTPC variants, was revealed to increase the risk of TB (P=0.001 and P=0.005, following Bonferroni correction). Furthermore, patients with the AA genotype for rs1124 and with the CC genotype for rs8192313 were associated with higher levels of C-reactive protein (P=0.001 and P=0.005, respectively). The results of the present study indicated that the SFTPC SNPs may increase the susceptibility to TB and the immune response of the host to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and may potentially be novel biomarkers for the pathogenesis of TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Man-Man Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Hui Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Bin-Wu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ming
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Deshpande D, Grieshober M, Wondany F, Gerbl F, Noschka R, Michaelis J, Stenger S. Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals a Direct Interaction of Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186741. [PMID: 32937921 PMCID: PMC7555347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 inhibits the growth of the major human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but the mechanism of the peptide–pathogen interaction inside human macrophages remains unclear. Super-resolution imaging techniques provide a novel opportunity to visualize these interactions on a molecular level. Here, we adapt the super-resolution technique of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy to study the uptake, intracellular localization and interaction of LL-37 with macrophages and virulent Mtb. We demonstrate that LL-37 is internalized by both uninfected and Mtb infected primary human macrophages. The peptide localizes in the membrane of early endosomes and lysosomes, the compartment in which mycobacteria reside. Functionally, LL-37 disrupts the cell wall of intra- and extracellular Mtb, resulting in the killing of the pathogen. In conclusion, we introduce STED microscopy as an innovative and informative tool for studying host–pathogen–peptide interactions, clearly extending the possibilities of conventional confocal microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhruva Deshpande
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (D.D.); (F.W.)
| | - Mark Grieshober
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.G.); (F.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Fanny Wondany
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (D.D.); (F.W.)
| | - Fabian Gerbl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.G.); (F.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Reiner Noschka
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.G.); (F.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Jens Michaelis
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (D.D.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.G.); (F.G.); (R.N.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Parbhoo T, Sampson SL, Mouton JM. Recent Developments in the Application of Flow Cytometry to Advance our Understanding of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Physiology and Pathogenesis. Cytometry A 2020; 97:683-693. [PMID: 32437069 PMCID: PMC7496436 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis to adapt and survive within human cells to disseminate to other individuals and cause active disease is poorly understood. Research supports that as M. tuberculosis adapts to stressors encountered in the host, it exhibits variable physiological and metabolic states that are time and niche-dependent. Challenges associated with effective treatment and eradication of tuberculosis (TB) are in part attributed to our lack of understanding of these different mycobacterial phenotypes. This is mainly due to a lack of suitable tools to effectively identify/detect heterogeneous bacterial populations, which may include small, difficult-to-culture subpopulations. Importantly, flow cytometry allows rapid and affordable multiparametric measurements of physical and chemical characteristics of single cells, without the need to preculture cells. Here, we summarize current knowledge of flow cytometry applications that have advanced our understanding of the physiology of M. tuberculosis during TB disease. Specifically, we review how host-associated stressors influence bacterial characteristics such as metabolic activity, membrane potential, redox status and the mycobacterial cell wall. Further, we highlight that flow cytometry offers unprecedented opportunities for insight into bacterial population heterogeneity, which is increasingly appreciated as an important determinant of disease outcome. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trisha Parbhoo
- NRF‐DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Samantha L. Sampson
- NRF‐DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Jacoba M. Mouton
- NRF‐DST Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversityCape TownSouth Africa
| |
Collapse
|