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Woolsey C, Cross RW, Prasad AN, Agans KN, Borisevich V, Deer DJ, Dobias NS, Fears AC, Harrison MB, Heinrich ML, Fenton KA, Garry RF, Branco LM, Geisbert TW. Monoclonal antibody therapy demonstrates increased virulence of a lineage VII strain of Lassa virus in nonhuman primates. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2301061. [PMID: 38164768 PMCID: PMC10810630 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2301061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) is a World Health Organization (WHO) priority pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality. Recently, we showed that a combination of three broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies known as Arevirumab-3 (8.9F, 12.1F, 37.2D) based on the lineage IV Josiah strain protected 100% of cynomolgus macaques against heterologous challenge with lineage II and III strains of LASV when therapy was initiated beginning at day 8 after challenge. LASV strains from Benin and Togo represent a new lineage VII that are more genetically diverse from lineage IV than strains from lineages II and III. Here, we tested the ability of Arevirumab-3 to protect macaques against a LASV lineage VII Togo isolate when treatment was administered beginning 8 days after exposure. Unexpectedly, only 40% of treated animals survived challenge. In a subsequent study we showed that Arevirumab-3 protected 100% of macaques from lethal challenge when treatment was initiated 7 days after LASV Togo exposure. Based on our transcriptomics data, successful Arevirumab-3 treatment correlated with diminished neutrophil signatures and the predicted development of T cell responses. As the in vitro antiviral activity of Arevirumab-3 against LASV Togo was equivalent to lineage II and III strains, the reduced protection in macaques against Togo likely reflects the faster disease course of LASV Togo in macaques than other strains. This data causes concern regarding the ability of heterologous vaccines and treatments to provide cross protection against lineage VII LASV isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Woolsey
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Robert W. Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Abhishek N. Prasad
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Krystle N. Agans
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J. Deer
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Natalie S. Dobias
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa C. Fears
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mack B. Harrison
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Karla A. Fenton
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Robert F. Garry
- Zalgen Labs, LLC, Frederick, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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2
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de La Vega MA, Xiii A, Massey S, Spengler JR, Kobinger GP, Woolsey C. An update on nonhuman primate usage for drug and vaccine evaluation against filoviruses. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024:1-27. [PMID: 39090822 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2386100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to their faithful recapitulation of human disease, nonhuman primates (NHPs) are considered the gold standard for evaluating drugs against Ebolavirus and other filoviruses. The long-term goal is to reduce the reliance on NHPs with more ethical alternatives. In silico simulations and organoid models have the potential to revolutionize drug testing by providing accurate, human-based systems that mimic disease processes and drug responses without the ethical concerns associated with animal testing. However, as these emerging technologies are still in their developmental infancy, NHP models are presently needed for late-stage evaluation of filovirus vaccines and drugs, as they provide critical insights into the efficacy and safety of new medical countermeasures. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors introduce available NHP models and examine the existing literature on drug discovery for all medically significant filoviruses in corresponding models. EXPERT OPINION A deliberate shift toward animal-free models is desired to align with the 3Rs of animal research. In the short term, the use of NHP models can be refined and reduced by enhancing replicability and publishing negative data. Replacement involves a gradual transition, beginning with the selection and optimization of better small animal models; advancing organoid systems, and using in silico models to accurately predict immunological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine de La Vega
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ara Xiii
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Shane Massey
- Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Courtney Woolsey
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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3
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Yang W, Li W, Zhou W, Wang S, Wang W, Wang Z, Feng N, Wang T, Xie Y, Zhao Y, Yan F, Xia X. Establishment and application of a surrogate model for human Ebola virus disease in BSL-2 laboratory. Virol Sin 2024; 39:434-446. [PMID: 38556051 PMCID: PMC11279801 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ebola virus (EBOV) is a member of the Orthoebolavirus genus, Filoviridae family, which causes severe hemorrhagic diseases in humans and non-human primates (NHPs), with a case fatality rate of up to 90%. The development of countermeasures against EBOV has been hindered by the lack of ideal animal models, as EBOV requires handling in biosafety level (BSL)-4 facilities. Therefore, accessible and convenient animal models are urgently needed to promote prophylactic and therapeutic approaches against EBOV. In this study, a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein (VSV-EBOV/GP) was constructed and applied as a surrogate virus, establishing a lethal infection in hamsters. Following infection with VSV-EBOV/GP, 3-week-old female Syrian hamsters exhibited disease signs such as weight loss, multi-organ failure, severe uveitis, high viral loads, and developed severe systemic diseases similar to those observed in human EBOV patients. All animals succumbed at 2-3 days post-infection (dpi). Histopathological changes indicated that VSV-EBOV/GP targeted liver cells, suggesting that the tissue tropism of VSV-EBOV/GP was comparable to wild-type EBOV (WT EBOV). Notably, the pathogenicity of the VSV-EBOV/GP was found to be species-specific, age-related, gender-associated, and challenge route-dependent. Subsequently, equine anti-EBOV immunoglobulins and a subunit vaccine were validated using this model. Overall, this surrogate model represents a safe, effective, and economical tool for rapid preclinical evaluation of medical countermeasures against EBOV under BSL-2 conditions, which would accelerate technological advances and breakthroughs in confronting Ebola virus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Yang
- Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Wujian Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Wujie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhenshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
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4
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Zhou M, Zhang X, Quan Y, Tian Y, Chen J, Li L. Visible light-induced photocatalytic and antibacterial adhesion properties of superhydrophilic TiO 2 nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7940. [PMID: 38575777 PMCID: PMC10995203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections triggered by patient or healthcare worker contact with surfaces are a major cause of medically acquired infections. By controlling the kinetics of tetrabutyl titanate hydrolysis and condensation during the sol-gel process, it is possible to regulate the content of Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies (OVs) in TiO2, and adjust the associated visible light-induced photocatalytic performance and anti-bacterial adhesion properties. The results have shown that the Ti3+ content in TiO2 was 9.87% at the calcination temperature of the reaction system was 300 °C and pH was 1.0, corresponding to optimal photocatalytic and hydrophilic properties. The formation of a hydrated layer on the superhydrophilic surface provided resistance to bacterial adhesion, preventing cross-contamination on high-touch surfaces. The excellent photocatalytic self-cleaning performance and anti-bacterial adhesion properties can be attributed to synergistic effects associated with the high specific surface area of TiO2 nanoparticles, the mesoporous structure, and the presence of Ti3+ and OVs. The formation of superhydrophilic self-cleaning surfaces under visible light can serve as the basis for the development of a new class of anti-bacterial adhesion materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Xingran Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Yuanxia Quan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China.
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5
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Cross RW, Woolsey C, Chu VC, Babusis D, Bannister R, Vermillion MS, Geleziunas R, Barrett KT, Bunyan E, Nguyen AQ, Cihlar T, Porter DP, Prasad AN, Deer DJ, Borisevich V, Agans KN, Martinez J, Harrison MB, Dobias NS, Fenton KA, Bilello JP, Geisbert TW. Oral administration of obeldesivir protects nonhuman primates against Sudan ebolavirus. Science 2024; 383:eadk6176. [PMID: 38484056 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk6176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Obeldesivir (ODV, GS-5245) is an orally administered prodrug of the parent nucleoside of remdesivir (RDV) and is presently in phase 3 trials for COVID-19 treatment. In this work, we show that ODV and its circulating parent nucleoside metabolite, GS-441524, have similar in vitro antiviral activity against filoviruses, including Marburg virus, Ebola virus, and Sudan virus (SUDV). We also report that once-daily oral ODV treatment of cynomolgus monkeys for 10 days beginning 24 hours after SUDV exposure confers 100% protection against lethal infection. Transcriptomics data show that ODV treatment delayed the onset of inflammation and correlated with antigen presentation and lymphocyte activation. Our results offer promise for the further development of ODV to control outbreaks of filovirus disease more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Courtney Woolsey
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abhishek N Prasad
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J Deer
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jasmine Martinez
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Mack B Harrison
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Natalie S Dobias
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Karla A Fenton
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Honko AN, Hunegnaw R, Moliva JI, Ploquin A, Dulan CNM, Murray T, Carr D, Foulds KE, Geisbert JB, Geisbert TW, Johnson JC, Wollen-Roberts SE, Trefry JC, Stanley DA, Sullivan NJ. A Single-shot ChAd3 Vaccine Provides Protection from Intramuscular and Aerosol Sudan Virus Exposure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.07.579118. [PMID: 38410448 PMCID: PMC10896339 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.07.579118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Infection with Sudan virus (SUDV) is characterized by an aggressive disease course with case fatality rates between 40-100% and no approved vaccines or therapeutics. SUDV causes sporadic outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa, including a recent outbreak in Uganda which has resulted in over 100 confirmed cases in one month. Prior vaccine and therapeutic efforts have historically prioritized Ebola virus (EBOV), leading to a significant gap in available treatments. Two vaccines, Erbevo ® and Zabdeno ® /Mvabea ® , are licensed for use against EBOV but are ineffective against SUDV. Recombinant adenovirus vector vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective against filoviruses, but efficacy depends on having low seroprevalence to the vector in the target human population. For this reason, and because of an excellent safety and immunogenicity profile, ChAd3 was selected as a superior vaccine vector. Here, a ChAd3 vaccine expressing the SUDV glycoprotein (GP) was evaluated for immunogenicity and efficacy in nonhuman primates. We demonstrate that a single dose of ChAd3-SUDV confers acute and durable protection against lethal SUDV challenge with a strong correlation between the SUDV GP-specific antibody titers and survival outcome. Additionally, we show that a bivalent ChAd3 vaccine encoding the GP from both EBOV and SUDV protects against both parenteral and aerosol lethal SUDV challenge. Our data indicate that the ChAd3-SUDV vaccine is a suitable candidate for a prophylactic vaccination strategy in regions at high risk of filovirus outbreaks. One Sentence Summary: A single-dose of ChAd3 vaccine protected macaques from lethal challenge with Sudan virus (SUDV) by parenteral and aerosol routes of exposure.
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7
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To A, Wong TAS, Ball AH, Lieberman MM, Yalley-Ogunro J, Cabus M, Nezami S, Paz F, Elyard HA, Borisevich V, Agans KN, Deer DJ, Woolsey C, Cross RW, Geisbert TW, Donini O, Lehrer AT. Thermostable bivalent filovirus vaccine protects against severe and lethal Sudan ebolavirus and marburgvirus infection. Vaccine 2024; 42:598-607. [PMID: 38158300 PMCID: PMC10872277 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Although two vaccines for Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) have been licensed and deployed successfully to combat recurring outbreaks of Ebolavirus Disease in West Africa, there are no vaccines for two other highly pathogenic members of the Filoviridae, Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) and Marburg marburgvirus (MARV). The results described herein document the immunogenicity and protective efficacy in cynomolgus macaques of a single-vial, thermostabilized (lyophilized) monovalent (SUDV) and bivalent (SUDV & MARV) protein vaccines consisting of recombinant glycoproteins (GP) formulated with a clinical-grade oil-in-water nanoemulsion adjuvant (CoVaccine HT™). Lyophilized formulations of the vaccines were reconstituted with Water for Injection and used to immunize groups of cynomolgus macaques before challenge with a lethal dose of a human SUDV or MARV isolate. Sera collected after each of the three immunizations showed near maximal GP-binding IgG concentrations starting as early as the second dose. Most importantly, the vaccine candidates (monovalent or bivalent) provided 100% protection against severe and lethal filovirus disease after either SUDV or MARV infection. Although mild, subclinical infection was observed in a few macaques, all vaccinated animals remained healthy and survived the filovirus challenge. These results demonstrate the value that thermostabilized protein vaccines could provide for addressing an important gap in preparedness for future filovirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert To
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Teri Ann S Wong
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Aquena H Ball
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Michael M Lieberman
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Daniel J Deer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Courtney Woolsey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | | | - Axel T Lehrer
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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8
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Guito JC, Arnold CE, Schuh AJ, Amman BR, Sealy TK, Spengler JR, Harmon JR, Coleman-McCray JD, Sanchez-Lockhart M, Palacios GF, Towner JS, Prescott JB. Peripheral immune responses to filoviruses in a reservoir versus spillover hosts reveal transcriptional correlates of disease. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1306501. [PMID: 38259437 PMCID: PMC10800976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1306501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Several filoviruses, including Marburg virus (MARV), cause severe disease in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs). However, the Egyptian rousette bat (ERB, Rousettus aegyptiacus), the only known MARV reservoir, shows no overt illness upon natural or experimental infection, which, like other bat hosts of zoonoses, is due to well-adapted, likely species-specific immune features. Despite advances in understanding reservoir immune responses to filoviruses, ERB peripheral blood responses to MARV and how they compare to those of diseased filovirus-infected spillover hosts remain ill-defined. We thus conducted a longitudinal analysis of ERB blood gene responses during acute MARV infection. These data were then contrasted with a compilation of published primate blood response studies to elucidate gene correlates of filovirus protection versus disease. Our work expands on previous findings in MARV-infected ERBs by supporting both host resistance and disease tolerance mechanisms, offers insight into the peripheral immunocellular repertoire during infection, and provides the most direct known cross-examination between reservoir and spillover hosts of the most prevalently-regulated response genes, pathways and activities associated with differences in filovirus pathogenesis and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Guito
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Catherine E. Arnold
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Frederick, MD, United States
- RD-CBR, Research and Development Directorate, Chemical and Biological Technologies Directorate, Research Center of Excellence, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, VA, United States
| | - Amy J. Schuh
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Brian R. Amman
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tara K. Sealy
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica R. Harmon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joann D. Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart
- Center for Genome Sciences, Molecular Biology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Gustavo F. Palacios
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joseph B. Prescott
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Woolsey C, Borisevich V, Agans KN, O’Toole R, Fenton KA, Harrison MB, Prasad AN, Deer DJ, Gerardi C, Morrison N, Cross RW, Eldridge JH, Matassov D, Geisbert TW. A Highly Attenuated Panfilovirus VesiculoVax Vaccine Rapidly Protects Nonhuman Primates Against Marburg Virus and 3 Species of Ebola Virus. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S660-S670. [PMID: 37171813 PMCID: PMC11009496 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The family Filoviridae consists of several virus members known to cause significant mortality and disease in humans. Among these, Ebola virus (EBOV), Marburg virus (MARV), Sudan virus (SUDV), and Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) are considered the deadliest. The vaccine, Ervebo, was shown to rapidly protect humans against Ebola disease, but is indicated only for EBOV infections with limited cross-protection against other filoviruses. Whether multivalent formulations of similar recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV)-based vaccines could likewise confer rapid protection is unclear. METHODS Here, we tested the ability of an attenuated, quadrivalent panfilovirus VesiculoVax vaccine (rVSV-Filo) to elicit fast-acting protection against MARV, EBOV, SUDV, and BDBV. Groups of cynomolgus monkeys were vaccinated 7 days before exposure to each of the 4 viral pathogens. All subjects (100%) immunized 1 week earlier survived MARV, SUDV, and BDBV challenge; 80% survived EBOV challenge. Survival correlated with lower viral load, higher glycoprotein-specific immunoglobulin G titers, and the expression of B-cell-, cytotoxic cell-, and antigen presentation-associated transcripts. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate multivalent VesiculoVax vaccines are suitable for filovirus outbreak management. The highly attenuated nature of the rVSV-Filo vaccine may be preferable to the Ervebo "delta G" platform, which induced adverse events in a subset of recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Woolsey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel O’Toole
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Karla A Fenton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mack B Harrison
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Abhishek N Prasad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J Deer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Cheryl Gerardi
- Department of Viral Vaccine Development, Auro Vaccines, Pearl River, New York, USA
| | - Nneka Morrison
- Department of Viral Vaccine Development, Auro Vaccines, Pearl River, New York, USA
| | - Robert W Cross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - John H Eldridge
- Department of Viral Vaccine Development, Auro Vaccines, Pearl River, New York, USA
| | - Demetrius Matassov
- Department of Viral Vaccine Development, Auro Vaccines, Pearl River, New York, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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10
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Dupuy LC, Spiropoulou CF, Towner JS, Spengler JR, Sullivan NJ, Montgomery JM. Filoviruses: Scientific Gaps and Prototype Pathogen Recommendation. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S446-S459. [PMID: 37849404 PMCID: PMC11009505 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses in the family Filoviridae, including the commonly known Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV) viruses, can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. Sporadic outbreaks of filovirus disease occur in sub-Saharan Africa with reported case fatality rates ranging from 25% to 90%. The high mortality and increasing frequency and magnitude of recent outbreaks along with the increased potential for spread from rural to urban areas highlight the importance of pandemic preparedness for these viruses. Despite their designation as high-priority pathogens, numerous scientific gaps exist in critical areas. In this review, these gaps and an assessment of potential prototype pathogen candidates are presented for this important virus family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley C Dupuy
- Virology Branch, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonathan S Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel M Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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11
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Cox D. Sepsis - it is all about the platelets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210219. [PMID: 37350961 PMCID: PMC10282552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is accompanied by thrombocytopenia and the severity of the thrombocytopenia is associated with mortality. This thrombocytopenia is characteristic of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the sepsis-associated coagulopathy. Many of the pathogens, both bacterial and viral, that cause sepsis also directly activate platelets, which suggests that pathogen-induced platelet activation leads to systemic thrombosis and drives the multi-organ failure of DIC. In this paper we review the mechanisms of platelet activation by pathogens and the evidence for a role for anti-platelet agents in the management of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Marzi A, Fletcher P, Feldmann F, Saturday G, Hanley PW, Feldmann H. Species-specific immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a vesicular stomatitis virus-based Sudan virus vaccine: a challenge study in macaques. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2023; 4:e171-e178. [PMID: 36739878 PMCID: PMC10010116 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent Sudan virus (SUDV) outbreak in Uganda highlights the need for rapid response capabilities, including development of vaccines against emerging viruses with high public health impact. We aimed to develop a Sudan virus-specific vaccine suitable for emergency use during outbreaks. METHODS We generated and characterised a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccine, VSV- SUDV, and evaluated the protective efficacy following a single-dose vaccination against lethal SUDV infection in non-human primates (NHPs). We used male and female cynomolgus macaques (n=11) aged 6-11 years and weighing 3·8-9·0 kg. Animals received a 1 mL intramuscular injection for vaccination containing either 1 × 107 plaque forming units (PFU) VSV-SUDV or 1 × 107 PFU of a VSV-based vaccine against Marburg virus (control; five NHPs). NHPs were challenged intramuscularly 28 days after vaccination with 1 × 104 TCID50 SUDV-Gulu. We assessed anaesthetised NHPs on days 28, 21, 14, and 7 before challenge; days 0, 3, 6, 9, 14, 21, 28, and 35 after challenge; and at euthanasia (day 40 for survivors). As we repurposed NHPs from a successful VSV-Ebola virus (EBOV) vaccine efficacy study, we also investigated VSV-EBOV's cross-protective potential against SUDV challenge. FINDINGS Of the six NHPs given VSV-SUDV, none showed any signs of disease in response to the challenge. Four of the five NHPs in the control group developed characteristic clinical signs of Sudan virus diseases. SUDV glycoprotein-specific IgG concentrations peaked 14 days after vaccination (titre of >1:10 000) and reached their highest concentrations at 6 days after challenge (1:25 600-1:102 400). Although the NHPs developed cross-reactive humoral responses to SUDV after VSV-EBOV vaccination and EBOV challenge, there was little cross-protection. INTERPRETATION These data emphasise the need for species-specific vaccines for each human-pathogenic Ebolavirus. Furthermore, although previous VSV-EBOV immunity is boosted through VSV-SUDV vaccination, it only has a small effect on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of VSV-SUDV vaccination against SUDV challenge. FUNDING Intramural Research Program, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA.
| | - Paige Fletcher
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Patrick W Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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13
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Gruber MF, Rubin S, Krause PR. Approaches to demonstrating the effectiveness of filovirus vaccines: Lessons from Ebola and COVID-19. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1109486. [PMID: 36817425 PMCID: PMC9932497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1109486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV), Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) and Marburg virus (MARV), are members of the Filoviridae family that can cause severe disease and death in humans and animals. The reemergence of Ebola, Sudan and Marburg virus disease highlight the need for continued availability of safe and effectives vaccines as well as development of new vaccines. While randomized controlled trials using disease endpoints provide the most robust assessment of vaccine effectiveness, challenges to this approach include the unpredictable size, location, occurrence and duration of filovirus disease outbreaks. Thus, other approaches to demonstrating vaccine effectiveness have been considered. These approaches are discussed using examples of preventive vaccines against other infectious diseases. In addition, this article proposes a clinical immunobridging strategy using licensed EBOV vaccines as comparators for demonstrating the effectiveness of filovirus vaccine candidates that are based on the same licensed vaccine platform technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion F. Gruber
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Marion F. Gruber,
| | - Steven Rubin
- GlaxoSmithKline (GSk), Rockville, MD, United States
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14
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Alfson KJ, Goez-Gazi Y, Gazi M, Chou YL, Niemuth NA, Mattix ME, Staples H, Klaffke B, Rodriguez GF, Escareno P, Bartley C, Ticer A, Clemmons EA, Dutton III JW, Griffiths A, Meister GT, Sanford DC, Cirimotich CM, Carrion R. Development of a Well-Characterized Cynomolgus Macaque Model of Sudan Virus Disease for Support of Product Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1723. [PMID: 36298588 PMCID: PMC9611481 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to characterize the disease course in cynomolgus macaques exposed to Sudan virus (SUDV), to determine if infection in this species is an appropriate model for the evaluation of filovirus countermeasures under the FDA Animal Rule. Sudan virus causes Sudan virus disease (SVD), with an average case fatality rate of approximately 50%, and while research is ongoing, presently there are no approved SUDV vaccines or therapies. Well characterized animal models are crucial for further developing and evaluating countermeasures for SUDV. Twenty (20) cynomolgus macaques were exposed intramuscularly to either SUDV or sterile phosphate-buffered saline; 10 SUDV-exposed animals were euthanized on schedule to characterize pathology at defined durations post-exposure and 8 SUDV-exposed animals were not part of the scheduled euthanasia cohort. Survival was assessed, along with clinical observations, body weights, body temperatures, hematology, clinical chemistry, coagulation, viral load (serum and tissues), macroscopic observations, and histopathology. There were statistically significant differences between SUDV-exposed animals and mock-exposed animals for 26 parameters, including telemetry body temperature, clinical chemistry parameters, hematology parameters, activated partial thromboplastin time, serum viremia, and biomarkers that characterize the disease course of SUDV in cynomolgus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra J. Alfson
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Yenny Goez-Gazi
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Michal Gazi
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Ying-Liang Chou
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), 1425 Plain City Georgesville Road, West Jefferson, OH 43162, USA
| | - Nancy A. Niemuth
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), 1425 Plain City Georgesville Road, West Jefferson, OH 43162, USA
| | - Marc E. Mattix
- Nonclinical Pathology Services, LLC, 5920 Clubhouse Pointe Dr., Medina, OH 44256, USA
| | - Hilary Staples
- Current affiliation: National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 620 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Benjamin Klaffke
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Gloria F. Rodriguez
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Priscilla Escareno
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Carmen Bartley
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Anysha Ticer
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Clemmons
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - John W. Dutton III
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Current affiliation: National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 620 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Gabe T. Meister
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), 1425 Plain City Georgesville Road, West Jefferson, OH 43162, USA
| | - Daniel C. Sanford
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), 1425 Plain City Georgesville Road, West Jefferson, OH 43162, USA
| | - Chris M. Cirimotich
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), 1425 Plain City Georgesville Road, West Jefferson, OH 43162, USA
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 W. Military Dr., San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
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15
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Cooper CL, Morrow G, Yuan M, Coleman JW, Hou F, Reiserova L, Li SL, Wagner D, Carpov A, Wallace-Selman O, Valentin K, Choi Y, Wilson A, Kilianski A, Sayeed E, Agans KN, Borisevich V, Cross RW, Geisbert TW, Feinberg MB, Gupta SB, Parks CL. Nonhuman Primates Are Protected against Marburg Virus Disease by Vaccination with a Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vector-Based Vaccine Prepared under Conditions to Allow Advancement to Human Clinical Trials. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1582. [PMID: 36298451 PMCID: PMC9610558 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are needed to disrupt or prevent continued outbreaks of filoviruses in humans across Western and Central Africa, including outbreaks of Marburg virus (MARV). As part of a filovirus vaccine product development plan, it is important to investigate dose response early in preclinical development to identify the dose range that may be optimal for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy, and perhaps demonstrate that using lower doses is feasible, which will improve product access. To determine the efficacious dose range for a manufacturing-ready live recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine vector (rVSV∆G-MARV-GP) encoding the MARV glycoprotein (GP), a dose-range study was conducted in cynomolgus macaques. Results showed that a single intramuscular injection with as little as 200 plaque-forming units (PFUs) was 100% efficacious against lethality and prevented development of viremia and clinical pathologies associated with MARV Angola infection. Across the vaccine doses tested, there was nearly a 2000-fold range of anti-MARV glycoprotein (GP) serum IgG titers with seroconversion detectable even at the lowest doses. Virus-neutralizing serum antibodies also were detected in animals vaccinated with the higher vaccine doses indicating that vaccination induced functional antibodies, but that the assay was a less sensitive indicator of seroconversion. Collectively, the data indicates that a relatively wide range of anti-GP serum IgG titers are observed in animals that are protected from disease implying that seroconversion is positively associated with efficacy, but that more extensive immunologic analyses on samples collected from our study as well as future preclinical studies will be valuable in identifying additional immune responses correlated with protection that can serve as markers to monitor in human trials needed to generate data that can support vaccine licensure in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Krystle N. Agans
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Robert W. Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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16
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Natural History of Sudan ebolavirus to Support Medical Countermeasure Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060963. [PMID: 35746571 PMCID: PMC9228702 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) is one of four members of the Ebolavirus genus known to cause Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in humans, which is characterized by hemorrhagic fever and a high case fatality rate. While licensed therapeutics and vaccines are available in limited number to treat infections of Zaire ebolavirus, there are currently no effective licensed vaccines or therapeutics for SUDV. A well-characterized animal model of this disease is needed for the further development and testing of vaccines and therapeutics. In this study, twelve cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were challenged intramuscularly with 1000 PFUs of SUDV and were followed under continuous telemetric surveillance. Clinical observations, body weights, temperature, viremia, hematology, clinical chemistry, and coagulation were analyzed at timepoints throughout the study. Death from SUDV disease occurred between five and ten days after challenge at the point that each animal met the criteria for euthanasia. All animals were observed to exhibit clinical signs and lesions similar to those observed in human cases which included: viremia, fever, dehydration, reduced physical activity, macular skin rash, systemic inflammation, coagulopathy, lymphoid depletion, renal tubular necrosis, hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis. The results from this study will facilitate the future preclinical development and evaluation of vaccines and therapeutics for SUDV.
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