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Yan J, Cheng Q, Liu H, Wang L, Yu K. Sensitive and rapid detection of influenza A virus for disease surveillance using dual-probe electrochemical biosensor. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 153:108497. [PMID: 37393678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) can cause influenza, a highly infectious zoonotic respiratory disease, and early detection is essential to prevent and control its rapid spread in the population. Given the limitations of traditional detection methods in clinical laboratories, we report a large surface TPB-DVA COFs (TPB: 1,3,5-Tris(4-aminophenyl) benzene, DVA: 1,4-Benzenedicarboxaldehyd, COFs: Covalent organic frameworks) nanomaterial modified electrochemical DNA biosensor, which has dual-probe specific recognition and signal amplification. The biosensor enables quantitative detection of influenza A viruses' complementary DNA (cDNA) from 10 fM to 1 × 103 nM (LOD = 5.42 fM) with good specificity and high selectivity. The reliability of the biosensor and portable device was verified by comparing the virus concentrations in animal tissues with those measured by digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) (P > 0.05). Moreover, the potential for influenza surveillance in this work was demonstrated by detecting the tissue samples from mice at different stages of infection. In summary, the good performance of this electrochemical DNA biosensor we proposed suggested it has the potential to be a rapid detection device for the influenza A virus, which could assist doctors or other professionals in obtaining rapid and accurate results for outbreak investigation and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Yan
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Guangxi Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Guangxi Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hongjie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China.
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
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Enzymatic inhibitive determination of AB-Fubinaca and AB-Pinaca on screen printed carbon tetratiofulvalene electrodes modified with nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Martinez-Duarte R, Mager D, Korvink JG, Islam M. Evaluating carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis under the ASSURED criteria. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:922737. [PMID: 35958120 PMCID: PMC9360481 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.922737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme point-of-care refers to medical testing in unfavorable conditions characterized by a lack of primary resources or infrastructure. As witnessed in the recent past, considerable interest in developing devices and technologies exists for extreme point-of-care applications, for which the World Health Organization has introduced a set of encouraging and regulating guidelines. These are referred to as the ASSURED criteria, an acronym for Affordable (A), Sensitive (S), Specific (S), User friendly (U), Rapid and Robust (R), Equipment-free (E), and Delivered (D). However, the current extreme point of care devices may require an intermediate sample preparation step for performing complex biomedical analysis, including the diagnosis of rare-cell diseases and early-stage detection of sepsis. This article assesses the potential of carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis (CarbonDEP) for sample preparation competent in extreme point-of-care, following the ASSURED criteria. We first discuss the theory and utility of dielectrophoresis (DEP) and the advantages of using carbon microelectrodes for this purpose. We then critically review the literature relevant to the use of CarbonDEP for bioparticle manipulation under the scope of the ASSURED criteria. Lastly, we offer a perspective on the roadmap needed to strengthen the use of CarbonDEP in extreme point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
| | - Dario Mager
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jan G. Korvink
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Jan G. Korvink
| | - Monsur Islam
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Monsur Islam
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Voltammetric Behaviour of Rhodamine B at a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode and Its Trace Determination in Environmental Water Samples. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22124631. [PMID: 35746412 PMCID: PMC9230127 DOI: 10.3390/s22124631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The voltammetric behaviour of Rhodamine B was studied at a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Cyclic voltammograms exhibited two reduction peaks (designated R1 and R2) generated from the reduction of the parent compound through, first, one electron reduction (R1) to give a radical species, and then a further one-electron, one-proton reduction to give a neutral molecule (R2). On the reverse positive-going scan, two oxidation peaks were observed. The first, O1, resulted from the oxidation of the species generated at R2, and the second, O2, through the one-electron oxidation of the amine group. The nature of the redox reactions was further investigated by observing the effect of scan rate and pH on the voltammetric behaviour. The developed SPCE method was evaluated by carrying out Rhodamine B determinations on a spiked and unspiked environmental water sample. A mean recovery of 94.3% with an associated coefficient of variation of 2.9% was obtained. The performance characteristics indicated that reliable data may be obtained for Rhodamine B measurements in environmental water samples using this approach.
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A brief review on the recent achievements in electrochemical detection of folic acid. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wu B, Yeasmin S, Liu Y, Cheng LJ. Ferrocene-Grafted Carbon Nanotubes for Sensitive Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022; 908:116101. [PMID: 35250418 PMCID: PMC8896809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) residue in aseptic packaging at point of use is critical to food safety. We present a sensitive non-enzymatic, amperometric H2O2 sensor based on ferrocene-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-FeC) and facile screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The sensor utilizes the covalently grafted ferrocene as an effective redox mediator and the MWCNT networks to provide a large active surface area for efficient electrocatalytic reactions. The electrocatalytic MWCNT-FeC modified electrodes feature a high-efficiency electron transfer and a high electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2 reduction at a low potential of -0.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The decreased operating potential improves the selectivity by inherently eliminating the cross-reactivity with other electroactive interferents, such as dopamine, glucose, and ascorbic acid. The sensor exhibits a wide linear detection range from 1 μM to 1 mM with a detection limit of 0.49 μM (S/N=3). The covalently functionalized electrodes offered highly reproducible and reliable detection, providing a robust property for continuous, real-time H2O2 monitoring. Furthermore, the proposed sensor was successfully employed to determine H2O2 levels in spiked packaged milk and apple juice with satisfactory recoveries (94.33-97.62%). The MWCNT-FeC modified SPCEs offered a facile, cost-effective method for highly sensitive and selective point-of-use detection of H2O2.
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Moradi R, Khalili NP, Septiani NLW, Liu CH, Doustkhah E, Yamauchi Y, Rotkin SV. Nanoarchitectonics for Abused-Drug Biosensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104847. [PMID: 34882957 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, accessible, and highly accurate biosensors for the detection of addictive and abused drugs are needed to reduce the adverse personal and societal impacts of addiction. Modern sensors that utilize next-generation technologies, e.g., nanobiotechnology and nanoarchitectonics, have triggered revolutionary progress in the field as they allow accurate detection and tracking of trace levels of major classes of drugs. This paper reviews advances in the field of biosensors for the detection of commonly abused drugs, both prescribed such as codeine and morphine, and illegal narcotics like cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Moradi
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Khazar University, Baku, Az1096, Azerbaijan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Khazar University, Baku, Az1096, Azerbaijan
| | - Nazila Pour Khalili
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Khazar University, Baku, Az1096, Azerbaijan
- Center for Cell Pathology Research, Department of Biological Science, Khazar University, Baku, Az1096, Azerbaijan
| | - Ni Luh Wulan Septiani
- Advanced Functional Materials Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Chia-Hung Liu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzheng Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Esmail Doustkhah
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Slava V Rotkin
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Camargo JR, Silva TA, Rivas GA, Janegitz BC. Novel eco-friendly water-based conductive ink for the preparation of disposable screen-printed electrodes for sensing and biosensing applications. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Electrochemical Devices to Monitor Ionic Analytes for Healthcare and Industrial Applications. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in electrochemical devices have sparked exciting opportunities in the healthcare, environment, and food industries. These devices can be fabricated at low costs and are capable of multiplex monitoring. This overcomes challenges presnted in traditional sensors for biomolecules and provides us a unique gateway toward comprehensive analyses. The advantages of electrochemical sensors are derived from their direct integration with electronics and their high selectivity along with sensitivity to sense a wide range of ionic analytes at an economical cost. This review paper aims to summarize recent innovations of a wide variety of electrochemical sensors for ionic analytes for health care and industrial applications. Many of these ionic analytes are important biomarkers to target for new diagnostic tools for medicine, food quality monitoring, and pollution detection. In this paper, we will examine various fabrication techniques, sensing mechanisms, and will also discuss various future opportunities in this research direction.
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Musa AM, Kiely J, Luxton R, Honeychurch KC. Recent progress in screen-printed electrochemical sensors and biosensors for the detection of estrogens. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Naghian E, Shahdost-Fard F, Najafi M, Manafi MR, Torkian L, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M. Voltammetric measurement of entacapone in the presence of other medicines against Parkinson's disease by a screen-printed electrode modified with sulfur-tin oxide nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:92. [PMID: 33608774 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04733-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A screen-printed electrode (SPE) is described modified with sulfur-tin oxide nanoparticles (S@SnO2NP) for the determination of entacapone (ENT) in the presence of other medicines against Parkinson's disease (PD). The S@SnO2NP was synthesized through the hydrothermal method and used in the modification of the SPE. The smart utilization of the S@SnO2NP and the SPE provided excellent properties such as high surface area and current density amplification by embedding an efficient sensing interface for highly selective electrochemical measurement. Under optimized experimental conditions, the anodic peak current related to the ENT oxidation onto the sensor surface at 0.46 V presented a linear response towards different ENT concentration sin the range 100 nM to 75 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) and electrochemical sensitivity were estimated to be 0.010 μM and 2.27 μA·μM-1·cm-2, respectively. The applicability of the sensor was evaluated during ENT determination in the presence of other conventional medicines againts, including levodopa (LD), carbidopa (CD), and pramipexole (PPX). The results of the analysis of human urine and pharmaceutical formulation as real samples using the developed sensor were in good agreement withre sults of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a standard method. These findings demonstrated that the strategy based on the SPE is a cost-effective platform creating a promising candidate for practical determination of ENT in routine clinical testing.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Naghian
- Department of Chemistry, South Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Najafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Manafi
- Department of Chemistry, South Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Torkian
- Department of Chemistry, South Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahimi-Nasrabadi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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De Rycke E, Leman O, Dubruel P, Hedström M, Völker M, Beloglazova N, De Saeger S. Novel multiplex capacitive sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymers: A promising tool for tracing specific amphetamine synthesis markers in sewage water. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 178:113006. [PMID: 33556808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of a sensing system for amphetamine (AMP), N-formyl amphetamine (NFA), and benzyl methyl ketone (BMK) in sewage is a strict requirement for enabling the on-site detection and tracing of the consumption of AMP, and the production and/or transportation of these target analytes. The present research is therefore devoted to the development of an on-site capacitive sensing system, based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as recognition elements. To this end, the commercially available CapSenze capacitive sensor system was miniaturized by implementing an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), dedicated to the bias and read-out of the chemical sensor. MIPs towards AMP were purchased, whereas the ones towards NFA and BMK were synthesized in house. Gold transducers, consisting of six working electrodes with their corresponding reference electrodes and one common auxiliary electrode, were designed together with a flow cell to enable analyses. The applied water samples were filtered through a 20 micron filter before application in the sensors' flow cell. The limits of detection in filtered sewage water were determined to be 25 μM for NFA and BMK and 50 μM for AMP. The overall performance of the sensing system was tested by analysis of blind-coded sewage samples, provided by legal authorities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research presenting multiplex MIP-based detection of amphetamine synthesis markers using a capacitive sensor, miniaturized via ASIC technology. The presented technique is undoubtedly a potential solution for any analysis requiring constant reliable on-site monitoring of a substance of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther De Rycke
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, B, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Olivier Leman
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Smart Sensing and Electronics Division, Department for Integrated Sensor Systems, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, B, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Matthias Völker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Smart Sensing and Electronics Division, Department for Integrated Sensor Systems, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natalia Beloglazova
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Gauteng, South Africa
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McBeth C, Paterson A, Sharp D. Pad-printed Prussian blue doped carbon ink for real-time peroxide sensing in cell culture. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Naomi Oiye É, Midori Toia Katayama J, Fernanda Muzetti Ribeiro M, Oka Duarte L, de Castro Baker Botelho R, José Ipólito A, Royston McCord B, Firmino de Oliveira M. Voltammetric detection of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (mdma) in saliva in low cost systems. Forensic Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2020.100268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ribeiro MFM, Bento F, Ipólito AJ, de Oliveira MF. Development of a Pencil Drawn Paper-based Analytical Device to Detect Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)* , †. J Forensic Sci 2020; 65:2121-2128. [PMID: 32602943 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The need for agile and proper identification of drugs of abuse has encouraged the scientific community to improve and to develop new methodologies. The drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is still widely used due to its hallucinogenic effects. The use of voltammetric methods to analyze narcotics has increased in recent years, and the possibility of miniaturizing the electrochemical equipment allows these methods to be applied outside the laboratory; for example, in crime scenes. In addition to portability, the search for affordable and sustainable materials for use in electroanalytical research has grown in recent decades. In this context, employing paper substrate, graphite pencil, and silver paint to construct paper-based electrodes is a great alternative. Here, a paper-based device comprising three electrodes was drawn on 300 g/m2 watercolor paper with 8B pencils, and its efficiency was compared to the efficiency of a commercially available screen-printed carbon electrode. Square wave voltammetry was used for LSD analysis in aqueous medium containing 0.05 mol/L LiClO4 . The limits of detection and quantification were 0.38 and 1.27 μmol/L, respectively. Both electrodes exhibited a similar voltammetric response, which was also confirmed during analysis of a seized LSD sample, with recovery of less than 10%. The seized samples were previously analyzed by GCMS technique, employing the full scan spectra against the software spectral library. The electrode selectivity was also tested against 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methamphetamine. It was possible to differentiate these compounds from LSD, indicating that the developed paper-based device has potential application in forensic chemistry analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fátima Bento
- Centro de Química, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710 - 057, Portugal
| | - Antônio J Ipólito
- Superintendência Polícia Técnica Científica, SPTC, Rua São Sebastião, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 1339, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F de Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Avenida Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 3900, Brazil
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Shahdost-Fard F, Roushani M. Architecting of a biodevice based on a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with the NiONP nanolayer and aptamer in BCM-7 detection. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 190:110932. [PMID: 32163843 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an ultrasensitive and robust biodevice implemented on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) surface is introduced. The β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) peptide as an early warning sign of autism disorder is distinguished in this system. The SPCE surface was directly electrodeposited with a nanolayer of the nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONP). In next step, an Apt sequence as a capture of the BCM-7 was strongly attached on this surface. The embedded sensing interface offered some admirable characterizes to detect the BCM-7. The obtained DPV signals were reversely proportional to the concentrations of the BCM-7 through a stable binding reaction in two working linear ranges from 0.5 × 10-9-1.5 μmol l-. Also, an unrivaled limit of detection (LOD) value of 166.6 aM was achieved that is so superior by other reported methods in the BCM-7 sensing. This hand-held biodevice was satisfactorily tested for the BCM-7 detection in human urine and blood sample with an average recovery rate of ∼101.87 %. More importantly, this strategy is free from labeling steps, complex sample processing and interference from common biomolecules in blood or urine. Due to the inherent advantages of the SPCE and the NiONP, utilizing this facile sensing interface may be an ideal choice in constructing of the ultrasensitive biodevice with low cost for distinguishing of the autism disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Shahdost-Fard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ilam University, Ilam, P. O. BOX. 69315-516, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Roushani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ilam University, Ilam, P. O. BOX. 69315-516, Iran.
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Ge L, Li SP, Lisak G. Advanced sensing technologies of phenolic compounds for pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 179:112913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Cancer has high incidence and it will continue to increase over the next decades. Detection and quantification of cancer-associated biomarkers is frequently carried out for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring at various disease stages. It is well-known that glycosylation profiles change significantly during oncogenesis. Aberrant glycans produced during tumorigenesis are, therefore, valuable molecules for detection and characterization of cancer, and for therapeutic design and monitoring. Although glycoproteomics has benefited from the development of analytical tools such as high performance liquid chromatography, two-dimensional gel and capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, these approaches are not well suited for rapid point-of-care (POC) testing easily performed by medical staff. Lectins are biomolecules found in nature with specific affinities toward particular glycan structures and bind them thus forming a relatively strong complex. Because of this characteristic, lectins have been used in analytical techniques for the selective capture or separation of certain glycans in complex samples, namely, in lectin affinity chromatography, or to characterize glycosylation profiles in diverse clinical situations, using lectin microarrays. Lectin-based biosensors have been developed for the detection of specific aberrant and cancer-associated glycostructures to aid diagnosis, prognosis and treatment assessment of these patients. The attractive features of biosensors, such as portability and simple use make them highly suitable for POC testing. Recent developments in lectin biosensors, as well as their potential and pitfalls in cancer glycan biomarker detection, are presented in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luísa S Silva
- Centre of Chemical Research, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México.
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Smart A, Westmacott KL, Crew A, Doran O, Hart JP. An Electrocatalytic Screen-Printed Amperometric Sensor for the Selective Measurement of Thiamine (Vitamin B1) in Food Supplements. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9030098. [PMID: 31390812 PMCID: PMC6784362 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An electrocatalytic screen-printed sensor has been investigated for the measurement of the biologically important biomolecule vitamin B1 (thiamine) for the first time in food supplements. Under basic conditions, the vitamin was converted to its electrochemically active thiolate anion species. It was shown that an electrocatalytic oxidation reaction occurred with the screen-printed carbon electrode containing the mediator cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC-SPCE). This had the advantage of producing an analytical response current at an operating potential of 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl compared to +0.34 V obtained with plain SPCEs. This resulted in improved selectivity and limit of detection. Detailed studies on the underlying mechanism occurring with the sensor are reported in this paper. A linear response was obtained between 0.1 and 20 µg mL−1, which was suitable for the quantification of the vitamin in two commercial products containing vitamin B1. The mean recovery for a multivitamin tablet with a declared content of 5 mg was 101% (coefficient of variation (CV) of 9.6%). A multivitamin drink, which had a much lower concentration of vitamin B1 (0.22 mg/100 mL), gave a mean recovery of 93.3% (CV 7.2%). These results indicate that our sensor holds promise for quality control of food supplements and other food types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Smart
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Kelly L Westmacott
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Adrian Crew
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Olena Doran
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - John P Hart
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
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20
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Medvedeva E, Baranov A, Samotaev N. Investigation of electrochemical sensors with thin film nanocomposite Pt/C electrodes obtained by magnetron sputtering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/498/1/012027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Gómez-Monedero B, González-Sánchez MI, Iniesta J, Agrisuelas J, Valero E. Design and Characterization of Effective Ag, Pt and AgPt Nanoparticles to H₂O₂ Electrosensing from Scrapped Printed Electrodes. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19071685. [PMID: 30970580 PMCID: PMC6479472 DOI: 10.3390/s19071685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of disposable screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) has extraordinarily grown in the last years. In this paper, conductive inks from scrapped SPEs were removed by acid leaching, providing high value feedstocks suitable for the electrochemical deposition of Ag, Pt and Ag core-Pt shell-like bimetallic (AgPt) nanoparticles, onto screen-printed carbon electrodes (ML@SPCEs, M = Ag, Pt or AgPt, L = metal nanoparticles from leaching solutions). ML@SPCEs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results were compared to those obtained when metal nanoparticles were synthesised using standard solutions of metal salts (MS@SPCEs). Both ML@SPCEs and MS@SPCEs exhibited similar cyclic voltammetric patterns referred to the electrochemical stripping of silver or the adsorption/desorption of hydrogen/anions in the case of platinum, proving leaching solutions extremely effective for the electrodeposition of metallic nanoparticles. The use of both ML@SPCEs and MS@SPCEs proved effective in enhancing the sensitivity for the detection of H₂O₂ in phosphate buffer solutions (pH = 7). The AgPtL@SPCE was used as proof of concept for the validation of an amperometric sensor for the determination of H₂O₂ within laundry boosters and antiseptic samples. The electrochemical sensor gave good agreement with the results obtained by a spectrophotometric method with H₂O₂ recoveries between 100.6% and 106.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Gómez-Monedero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - María-Isabel González-Sánchez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - Jesús Iniesta
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Electrochemistry, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Jerónimo Agrisuelas
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Edelmira Valero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
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Chang AS, Memon NN, Amin S, Chang F, Aftab U, Abro MI, dad Chandio A, Shah AA, Ibupoto MH, Ansari MA, Ibupoto ZH. Facile Non‐enzymatic Lactic Acid Sensor Based on Cobalt Oxide Nanostructures. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sidra Amin
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Sindh Jamshoro - 7f080 Pakista
| | - Fouzia Chang
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Sindh Jamshoro - 7f080 Pakista
| | - Umair Aftab
- Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro 7f080 Pakistan
| | | | - Ali dad Chandio
- Department of MetallurgyNED University of Engineering and Technology Karachi 7eb70 Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Ahmed Shah
- Department of MetallurgyNED University of Engineering and Technology Karachi 7eb70 Pakistan
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23
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Antony N, Unnikrishnan L, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. The imperative role of polymers in enzymatic cholesterol biosensors- an overview. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2019.1576197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neethu Antony
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Lakshmi Unnikrishnan
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Smita Mohanty
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjay K. Nayak
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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24
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Roushani M, Jalilian Z, Nezhadali A. A novel electrochemical sensor based on electrode modified with gold nanoparticles and molecularly imprinted polymer for rapid determination of trazosin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 172:594-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Šišoláková I, Hovancová J, Oriňaková R, Oriňak A, Rueda Garcia D, Shylenko O, Radoňák J. Comparison of Insulin Determination on NiNPs/chitosan- MWCNTs and NiONPs/chitosan-MWCNTs Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Šišoláková
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice; Moyzesova 11 040 01 Košice Slovakia
| | - Jana Hovancová
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice; Moyzesova 11 040 01 Košice Slovakia
| | - Renáta Oriňaková
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice; Moyzesova 11 040 01 Košice Slovakia
| | - Andrej Oriňak
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice; Moyzesova 11 040 01 Košice Slovakia
| | - Daniel Rueda Garcia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) Campus UAB; E-08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Oleg Shylenko
- Institute of Physics; University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice; Park Angelinum 9 040 01 Košice Slovakia
| | - Jozef Radoňák
- Faculty of medicine; University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice; Trieda SNP 1 040 01 Košice Slovakia
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26
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Carneiro MC, Moreira FT, Dutra RA, Fernandes R, Sales MGF. Homemade 3-carbon electrode system for electrochemical sensing: Application to microRNA detection. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Impedimetric detection of cocaine by using an aptamer attached to a screen printed electrode modified with a dendrimer/silver nanoparticle nanocomposite. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:214. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Mittal SK, Rana S, Kaur N, Banks CE. A voltammetric method for Fe(iii) in blood serum using a screen-printed electrode modified with a Schiff base ionophore. Analyst 2018; 143:2851-2861. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A miniaturized disposable screen-printed electrode for the detection of Fe(iii) at the micro-molar level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheel K. Mittal
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology
- Patiala 147004
- India
| | - Sonia Rana
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology
- Patiala 147004
- India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Centre of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Craig E. Banks
- School of Chemistry and the Environment
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
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29
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A Novel Enzymatic Biosensor for the Detection of Catechol Using Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Gold Nanowires. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-017-0408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Putnin T, Jumpathong W, Laocharoensuk R, Jakmunee J, Ounnunkad K. A sensitive electrochemical immunosensor based on poly(2-aminobenzylamine) film modified screen-printed carbon electrode for label-free detection of human immunoglobulin G. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1042-1051. [PMID: 28782437 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1360322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on fabricating poly(2-aminobenzylamine)-modified screen-printed carbon electrode as an electrochemical immunosensor for the label-free detection of human immunoglobulin G. To selectively detect immunoglobulin G, the anti-immunoglobulin G antibody with high affinity to immunoglobulin G was covalently linked with the amine group of poly(2-aminobenzylamine) film-deposited screen-printed carbon electrode. The selectivity for immunoglobulin G was subsequently assured by being challenged with redox-active interferences and adventitious adsorption did not significantly interfere the analyte signal. To obviate the use of costly secondary antibody, the [Fe(CN)6]4-/3- redox probe was instead applied to measure the number of human immunoglobulin G through the immunocomplex formation that is quantitatively related to the level of the differential pulse voltammetric current. The resulting immunosensor exhibited good sensitivity with the detection limit of 0.15 ng mL-1, limit of quantitation of 0.50 ng mL-1 and the linear range from 1.0 to 50 ng mL-1. Given those striking analytical performances and the affordability arising from using cheap screen-printed carbon electrode with label-free detection, the immunosensor serves as a promising model for the next-step development of a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitirat Putnin
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,b The Graduate School , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Watthanachai Jumpathong
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,c Department of Chemical Biology , Chulabhorn Graduate Institute , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Laocharoensuk
- d Nanostructures and Functional Assembly Laboratory (NFA) , National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , Pathum Thani , Thailand
| | - Jaroon Jakmunee
- e Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Kontad Ounnunkad
- e Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,f Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
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31
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Makelane H, John SV, Yonkeu ALD, Waryo T, Tovide O, Iwuoha E. Phase Selective Alternating Current Voltammetric Signalling Protocol: Application in Dendritic Co-polymer Sensor for Anthracene. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hlamulo Makelane
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville Cape Town 7535 South Africa
| | - Suru V. John
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville Cape Town 7535 South Africa
| | - Anne L. Djoumessi Yonkeu
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville Cape Town 7535 South Africa
| | - Tesfaye Waryo
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville Cape Town 7535 South Africa
| | - Oluwakemi Tovide
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville Cape Town 7535 South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Iwuoha
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry; University of the Western Cape; Bellville Cape Town 7535 South Africa
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32
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Hughes G, Westmacott K, Honeychurch KC, Crew A, Pemberton RM, Hart JP. Recent Advances in the Fabrication and Application of Screen-Printed Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors Based on Carbon Materials for Biomedical, Agri-Food and Environmental Analyses. BIOSENSORS 2016; 6:E50. [PMID: 27690118 PMCID: PMC5192370 DOI: 10.3390/bios6040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This review describes recent advances in the fabrication of electrochemical (bio)sensors based on screen-printing technology involving carbon materials and their application in biomedical, agri-food and environmental analyses. It will focus on the various strategies employed in the fabrication of screen-printed (bio)sensors, together with their performance characteristics; the application of these devices for the measurement of selected naturally occurring biomolecules, environmental pollutants and toxins will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Hughes
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Kelly Westmacott
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Kevin C Honeychurch
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Adrian Crew
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Roy M Pemberton
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - John P Hart
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
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33
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Mohamed HM. Screen-printed disposable electrodes: Pharmaceutical applications and recent developments. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rich M, Mendecki L, Mensah ST, Blanco-Martinez E, Armas S, Calvo-Marzal P, Radu A, Chumbimuni-Torres KY. Circumventing Traditional Conditioning Protocols in Polymer Membrane-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8404-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Rich
- Department
of Chemistry, P.O. Box 25000, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Lukasz Mendecki
- Lennard-Jones
Laboratories, Birchall Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha T. Mensah
- Department
of Chemistry, P.O. Box 25000, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Enrique Blanco-Martinez
- Department
of Chemistry, P.O. Box 25000, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Stephanie Armas
- Department
of Chemistry, P.O. Box 25000, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Percy Calvo-Marzal
- Department
of Chemistry, P.O. Box 25000, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
| | - Aleksandar Radu
- Lennard-Jones
Laboratories, Birchall Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Y. Chumbimuni-Torres
- Department
of Chemistry, P.O. Box 25000, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816-2366, United States
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35
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Duffy GF, Moore EJ. Electrochemical Immunosensors for Food Analysis: A Review of Recent Developments. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1167900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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Improved Manufacturing Performance of Screen Printed Carbon Electrodes through Material Formulation. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2016; 6:bios6030030. [PMID: 27355967 PMCID: PMC5039649 DOI: 10.3390/bios6030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Printed carbon graphite materials are the primary common component in the majority of screen printed sensors. Screen printing allows a scalable manufacturing solution, accelerating the means by which novel sensing materials can make the transition from laboratory material to commercial product. A common bottleneck in any thick film printing process is the controlled drying of the carbon paste material. A study has been undertaken which examines the interaction between material solvent, printed film conductivity and process consistency. The study illustrates that it is possible to reduce the solvent boiling point to significantly increase process productivity while maintaining process consistency. The lower boiling point solvent also has a beneficial effect on the conductivity of the film, reducing the sheet resistance. It is proposed that this is a result of greater film stressing increasing charge percolation through greater inter particle contact. Simulations of material performance and drying illustrate that a multi layered printing provides a more time efficient manufacturing method. The findings have implications for the volume manufacturing of the carbon sensor electrodes but also have implications for other applications where conductive carbon is used, such as electrical circuits and photovoltaic devices.
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37
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Rama EC, Costa-García A. Screen-printed Electrochemical Immunosensors for the Detection of Cancer and Cardiovascular Biomarkers. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Costa Rama
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Agustín Costa-García
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; 33006 Oviedo Spain
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Monzó J, Insua I, Fernandez-Trillo F, Rodriguez P. Fundamentals, achievements and challenges in the electrochemical sensing of pathogens. Analyst 2016; 140:7116-28. [PMID: 26339688 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01330e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors are powerful tools widely used in industrial, environmental and medical applications. The versatility of electrochemical methods allows for the investigation of chemical composition in real time and in situ. Electrochemical detection of specific biological molecules is a powerful means for detecting disease-related markers. In the last 10 years, highly-sensitive and specific methods have been developed to detect waterborne and foodborne pathogens. In this review, we classify the different electrochemical techniques used for the qualitative and quantitative detection of pathogens. The robustness of electrochemical methods allows for accurate detection even in heterogeneous and impure samples. We present a fundamental description of the three major electrochemical sensing methods used in the detection of pathogens and the advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods. In each section, we highlight recent breakthroughs, including the utilisation of microfluidics, immunomagnetic separation and multiplexing for the detection of multiple pathogens in a single device. We also include recent studies describing new strategies for the design of future immunosensing systems and protocols. The high sensitivity and selectivity, together with the portability and the cost-effectiveness of the instrumentation, enhances the demand for further development in the electrochemical detection of microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Monzó
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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39
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A non-enzymatic sensor based on the redox of ferrocene carboxylic acid on ionic liquid film-modified screen-printed graphite electrode for the analysis of hydrogen peroxide residues in milk. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Lavanya N, Sekar C, Ficarra S, Tellone E, Bonavita A, Leonardi SG, Neri G. A novel disposable electrochemical sensor for determination of carbamazepine based on Fe doped SnO2 nanoparticles modified screen-printed carbon electrode. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:53-60. [PMID: 26952397 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An effective strategy to fabricate a novel disposable screen printing carbon electrode modified by iron doped tin dioxide nanoparticles for carbamazepine (CBZ) detection has been developed. Fe-SnO2 (Fe=0 to 5 wt.%) NPs were synthesized by a simple microwave irradiation method and assessed for their structural and morphological changes due to Fe doping into SnO2 matrix by X-ray diffraction and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical behaviour of carbamazepine at the Fe-SnO2 modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. Electron transfer coefficient α (0.63) and electron transfer rate constant ks (0.69 s(-1)) values of the 5 wt.% Fe-SnO2 modified SPCE indicate that the diffusion controlled process takes place on the electrode surface. The fabricated sensor displayed a good electrooxidation response towards the detection of CBZ at a lower oxidation potential of 0.8 V in phosphate buffer solution at pH7.0. Under the optimal conditions, the sensor showed fast and sensitive current response to CBZ over a wide linear range of 0.5-100 μM with a low detection limit of 92 nM. Furthermore, the practical application of the modified electrode has been investigated by the determination of CBZ in pharmaceutical products using standard addition method.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lavanya
- Department of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, TN, India; Department of Electronic Engineering, Chemistry and Materials Engineering, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - C Sekar
- Department of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, TN, India.
| | - S Ficarra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - E Tellone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - A Bonavita
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chemistry and Materials Engineering, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - S G Leonardi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chemistry and Materials Engineering, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - G Neri
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chemistry and Materials Engineering, University of Messina, Messina 98166, Italy
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41
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Mao S, Chang J, Zhou G, Chen J. Nanomaterial-enabled Rapid Detection of Water Contaminants. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:5336-59. [PMID: 26315216 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Water contaminants, e.g., inorganic chemicals and microorganisms, are critical metrics for water quality monitoring and have significant impacts on human health and plants/organisms living in water. The scope and focus of this review is nanomaterial-based optical, electronic, and electrochemical sensors for rapid detection of water contaminants, e.g., heavy metals, anions, and bacteria. These contaminants are commonly found in different water systems. The importance of water quality monitoring and control demands significant advancement in the detection of contaminants in water because current sensing technologies for water contaminants have limitations. The advantages of nanomaterial-based sensing technologies are highlighted and recent progress on nanomaterial-based sensors for rapid water contaminant detection is discussed. An outlook for future research into this rapidly growing field is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211, USA
| | - Jingbo Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211, USA
| | - Guihua Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211, USA
| | - Junhong Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 North Cramer Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53211, USA
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42
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Ex-situ
Antimony Screen-printed Carbon Electrode for Voltammetric Determination of Ni(II)-ions in Wastewater. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Dago À, Navarro J, Ariño C, Díaz-Cruz JM, Esteban M. Carbon nanotubes and graphene modified screen-printed carbon electrodes as sensitive sensors for the determination of phytochelatins in plants using liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1409:210-7. [PMID: 26212803 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are of great interest for the development of electrochemical sensors. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene were used to modify the working electrode surface of different screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) with the aim of improving the sensitivity of the SPCE and comparing it with the conventional glassy carbon electrode. To assay the usability of these sensors, a HPLC methodology with amperometric detection was developed to analyze several phytochelatins in plants of Hordeum vulgare and Glycine max treated with Hg(II) or Cd(II) giving detection limits in the low μmolL(-1) range. Phytochelatins are low molecular weight peptides with the general structure γ-(Glu-Cys)n-Gly (n=2-5) which are synthesized in plants in the presence of heavy metal ions. These compounds can chelate heavy metal ions by the formation of complexes which, are transported to the vacuoles, where the toxicity is not threatening. For this reason phytochelatins are essential in the detoxification of heavy metal ions in plants. The developed HPLC method uses a mobile phase of 1% of formic acid in water with KNO3 or NaCl (pH=2.00) and 1% of formic acid in acetonitrile. Electrochemical detection at different carbon-based electrodes was used. Among the sensors tested, the conventional glassy carbon electrode offers the best sensitivity although modification improves the sensitivity of the SPCE. Glutathione and several isoforms of phytochelatin two were found in plant extracts of both studied species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngela Dago
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Navarro
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Ariño
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Manuel Díaz-Cruz
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Esteban
- Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franquès, 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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44
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Sarkar K, Braden EV, Bonke SA, Bach U, Müller-Buschbaum P. Screen-Printing of ZnO Nanostructures from Sol-Gel Solutions for Their Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:2696-2704. [PMID: 26105957 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diblock copolymers have been used in sol-gel synthesis to successfully tailor the nanoscale morphology of thin ZnO films. As the fabrication of several-micron-thick mesoporous films such as those required in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was difficult with this approach, we exploited the benefits of diblock-copolymer-directed synthesis that made it compatible with screen printing. The simple conversion of the diblock copolymer ZnO precursor sol to a screen-printing paste was not possible as it resulted in poor film properties. To overcome this problem, an alternative route is proposed in which the diblock copolymer ZnO precursor sol is first blade coated and calcined, then converted to a screen-printing paste. This allows the benefits of diblock-copolymer-directed particle formation to be compatible with printing methods. The morphologies of the ZnO nanostructures were studied by SEM and correlated with the current density-voltage characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuhu Sarkar
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Erik V Braden
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Shannon A Bonke
- Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Room 108, Building 82 New Horizons, Clayton Campus 3800, Victoria (Australia)
| | - Udo Bach
- Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Room 108, Building 82 New Horizons, Clayton Campus 3800, Victoria (Australia)
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany).
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München (Germany).
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45
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Mistry KK, Layek K, Mahapatra A, RoyChaudhuri C, Saha H. A review on amperometric-type immunosensors based on screen-printed electrodes. Analyst 2015; 139:2289-311. [PMID: 24678518 DOI: 10.1039/c3an02050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this brief review, we summarize the recent research activities involved in the development of amperometric-type immunosensors based on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). We focus on the underlying principle involved in these types of sensors, their fabrication and electrode surface modification. We also discuss the various factors involved in the designing of such immunosensors and how they affect their performances. Finally we provide an insight into the drawbacks associated with these SPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Kumar Mistry
- CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, M. G. Avenue, Durgapur-713209, India.
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46
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Pérez-Ràfols C, Serrano N, Díaz-Cruz JM, Ariño C, Esteban M. Mercury Films on Commercial Carbon Screen-Printed Devices for the Analysis of Heavy Metal Ions: a Critical Evaluation. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Zbiljić J, Vajdle O, Guzsvány V, Molnar J, Agbaba J, Dalmacija B, Kalcher K. Hydrodynamic chronoamperometric method for the determination of H₂O₂ using MnO₂-based carbon paste electrodes in groundwater treated by Fenton and Fenton-like reagents for natural organic matter removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 283:292-301. [PMID: 25310597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple hydrodynamic chronoamperometric method based on the application of an unmodified carbon paste electrode (CPE) and bulk-modified with different contents of MnO2 was investigated for the determination of H2O2. The optimized method involving the CPE with 5% of MnO2 was applied for the determination of the H2O2 consumption in samples of groundwater from the Central Banat region (Province of Vojvodina, Serbia) treated by the Fenton (Fe(2+) and H2O2) and Fenton-like (Fe(3+) and H2O2) reagents to remove natural organic matter at different initial concentrations of iron species, and of their ratios to the initial concentration of H2O2. Under optimized conditions, with a working potential of 0.40V vs. the saturated calomel electrode and a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.5) as supporting electrolyte, the method enabled the quantitation of H2O2 in the concentration interval from 1.4 to 65 μg mL(-1) with a relative standard deviation of less than 10%. The results obtained for the H2O2 consumption are in good agreement with those obtained by parallel measurements related to the efficiency of organic matter removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Zbiljić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Olga Vajdle
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Valéria Guzsvány
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Molnar
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Agbaba
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Božo Dalmacija
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Kurt Kalcher
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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48
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Fagan-Murphy A, Patel BA. Compressed multiwall carbon nanotube composite electrodes provide enhanced electroanalytical performance for determination of serotonin. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Silwana B, van der Horst C, Iwuoha E, Somerset V. Screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with a bismuth film for stripping voltammetric analysis of platinum group metals in environmental samples. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica with interfacial co-assembly-based multi-channel electrochemical immunosensor arrays. Sci Rep 2014; 3:1789. [PMID: 23648995 PMCID: PMC3646279 DOI: 10.1038/srep01789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis control remains to be an important and challenging task in the world. However, lack of quick, simple, sensitive and specific sero-diagnostic test is still a hurdle in the control practice. The commonly employed enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) relies on the native soluble egg antigen (SEA) that is limited in supply. Here we developed an electrochemical immunosensor array (ECISA) assay with an interfacial co-assembly strategy. A recombinant Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) calcium-binding protein (SjE16) was used as a principal antigen, while the SEA as a minor, co-assembling agent, with a ratio of 8:1 (SjE16: SEA, Sj16EA), which was co-immobilized on a disposable 16-channel screen-printed carbon electrode array. A portable electrochemical detector was employed to detect antibodies in serum samples. The sensitivity of ECISA reached 100% with minimal cross-reactions. Therefore, we have demonstrated that this rapid, sensitive and specific ECISA technique has the potential to perform large-scale on-site screening of Sj infection.
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