1
|
Fattahi MJ, Rehm BH, Matsuo H, Cuzzocrea S, Jafarnezhad-Ansariha F, Ahmadi H, Tofighi-Zavareh F, Oraei M, Aghazadeh Z, Mirshafiey A. Evaluation of cell adhesion molecules (LFA-1 and L-selectin) in ankylosing spondylitis patients after treatment with β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000). Indian J Med Res 2023; 157:453-459. [PMID: 37955219 PMCID: PMC10443726 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_448_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives To examine β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) effects on L-selectin shedding and leucocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) expression as mechanisms of action of this drug in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods To investigate the molecular consequences of β-D-mannuronic acid on L-selectin shedding, flow cytometry method was used. Furthermore, the effect of it on LFA-1 gene expression was analyzed by using quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR technique. Results The LFA-1 expression in patients with AS was higher than controls (P=0.046). The LFA-1 expression after 12 wk therapy with β-D-mannuronic acid was meaningfully decreased (P=0.01). After 12 wk treatment with β-D-mannuronic acid, the frequency of CD62L-expressing CD4+ T cells in patients with AS, was not considerably altered, compared to the patients before therapy (P=0.5). Furthermore, after 12 wk therapy with β-D-mannuronic acid, L-selectin expression levels on CD4+ T-cells in patients with AS, were not remarkably changed, compared to the expression levels of these in patients before treatment (P=0.2). Interpretation & conclusions The results of this study for the first time showed that β-D-mannuronic acid can affect events of adhesion cascade in patients with AS. Moreover, β-D-mannuronic acid presented as an acceptable benefit to AS patients and could aid in the process of disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Fattahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bernd H.A. Rehm
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand,
| | - Hidenori Matsuo
- Department of Clinical Research, Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fahimeh Jafarnezhad-Ansariha
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Tofighi-Zavareh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Oraei
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Najafi S, Saadat P, Moghadam NB, Manoucherinia A, Aghazadeh Z, Mohammadi AV, Noorbakhsh SM, Movahedi M, Moghaddam MRN, Pashaiefar H, Mirshafiey A. The effects of mannuronic acid on IL-1β, IL-17A, STAT1 and STAT3 gene expression and TLR2 and TLR4 molecules in multiple sclerosis. J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 62:762-769. [PMID: 34825387 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurologic disease defined by inflammation and demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) comes with variable degrees of axonal and neuronal damage. The efficacy of β-D-Mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel drug with immunosuppressive properties, patented (PCT/EP2017/067920), has been shown in experimental model of MS. In this study, the effects of M2000 on IL-1β, IL-17A, STAT1 and STAT3 gene expression and TLR2 and TLR4 molecules in secondary progressive MS (SPMS) patients have been evaluated. In this study, 14 SPMS patients and 14 healthy subjects (as control group) were entered from the phase 2 clinical trial (Clinical Trial identifier, IRCT2016111313739N6). The gene expression of IL-1β, IL-17A, STAT1 and STAT3 was assessed at the baseline and then measured after 6 months of therapy with M2000, by using quantitative real-time PCR method. Moreover, the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 molecules on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) were evaluated by flow cytometry method. The gene expression of IL-17A, STAT1 and STAT3 in MS patients decreased after six months of therapy with M2000 comparing before treatment. Also, the gene expression of IL-1β, decreased numerically after six months. Furthermore, the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on PBMCs of the patients declined when compared to baseline. The results of this investigation revealed that M2000 could downregulate IL-17, STAT1 and STAT3 genes in SPMS patients and also reduce the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on PBMCs. Moreover, M2000 declined numerically IL-β gene expression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Najafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Saadat
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nahid Beladi Moghadam
- Department of Neurology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Manoucherinia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Monireh Movahedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Pashaiefar
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aslani M, Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Mirshafiey A. Efficient roles of miR-146a in cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammatory disorders: An effectual review in neuroimmunology. Immunol Lett 2021; 238:1-20. [PMID: 34293378 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Known as one of the most sophisticated systems of the human body, the nervous system consists of neural cells and controls all parts of the body. It is closely related to the immune system. The effects of inflammation and immune reactions have been observed in the pathogenesis of some neurological disorders. Defined as the gene expression regulators, miRNAs participate in cellular processes. miR-146a is a mediator in the neuroimmune system, leaving substantial effects on the homeostasis of immune and brain cells, neuronal identities acquisition, and immune responses regulation in the nervous system. Its positive efficiency has been proven in modulating inflammatory reactions, hemorrhagic complications, and pain. Moreover, the miR-146a targets play a key role in the pathogenesis of these illnesses. Based on the performance of its targets, miR-146a can have various effects on the disease progress. The abnormal expression/function of miR-146a has been reported in neuroinflammatory disorders. There is research evidence that this molecule qualifies as a desirable biomarker for some disorders and can even be a therapeutic target. This study aims to provide a meticulous review regarding the roles of miR-146a in the pathogenesis and progression of several neuroinflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, temporal lobe epilepsy, ischemic stroke, etc. The study also considers its eligibility for use as an ideal biomarker and therapeutic target in these diseases. The awareness of these mechanisms can facilitate the disease management/treatment, lead to patients' amelioration, improve the quality of life, and mitigate the risk of death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohsenzadegan M, Moghbeli F, Mirshafiey A, Farajollahi MM. Anti-tumor effect of M2000 (β-d-mannuronic acid) on the expression of inflammatory molecules in the prostate cancer cell. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:419-430. [PMID: 34057866 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1931301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The importance of chronic inflammation during the progression of prostate cancer (PCa) is well-known. M2000 (β-d-mannuronic acid) is a novel anti-inflammatory drug. According to its potential capacity for the inhibition of molecules involved in creating conditions of inflammation, it is reasonable to assess the anti-inflammatory role of M2000 in PCa cells.Methods: MTT assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of M2000 in PC3 cells. Correspondingly, these cells were cultured and then treated with low (25 µg/ml) and high (50 µg/ml) doses of M2000 as optimal doses. Thereafter, real-time RT-PCR, flow cytometry analysis, and zymography were performed to evaluate the expressions of MYD-88, NF-kB, IL-8, COX-2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 molecules. Results: Of note, the M2000 at the concentration of ≤200 μg/ml had no cytotoxicity effect on the cells. MYD-88 gene expression was significantly down-regulated at both low and high doses in the M2000-treated cells compared to the control (p = .017 and p = .001, respectively). The expression of the NF-kB was also reduced at both the gene and protein levels (all p values were <.001). The expression of IL-8 and COX-2 genes was also down-regulated in the high dose of M2000 (p<.001, p = .001, respectively). The decreased expression of the MMP-9 gene was observed at both doses (both p values were <.001).Conclusion: Inhibitory effects of M2000 on the activity of MMPs in the LPS/M2000-treated cells were evident, but not in the M2000-treated cells. M2000 as a new anti-inflammatory drug appears to constitute a potential agent for down-regulation of inflammatory molecules in the PCa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Farajollahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Najafi S, Saadat P, Beladi Moghadam N, Manoucherinia A, Aghazadeh Z, Vali Mohammadi A, Pashaiefar H, Hosseini M, Mirshafiey A. Evaluation of the Effect of Mannuronic Acid as a Novel NSAID With Immunosuppressive Properties on Expression of SOCS1, SOCS3, SHIP1, and TRAF6 Genes and Serum Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 61:1303-1310. [PMID: 33908653 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is described as a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system on an autoimmune basis, which is the most frequent reason for nontraumatic disability in youth. The efficacy and safety of β-D-nannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel immunosuppressive drug (patented PCT/EP2017/067920) has been shown in an experimental model of MS and also in a phase 2 clinical trial. The effects of M2000 on SOCS1, SOCS3, TRAF6, and SHIP1 gene expression and also serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients have been assessed in this study. In this study, 14 secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients and 14 healthy subjects (as the control group) were recruited from the phase 2 clinical trial (Clinical Trial identifier, IRCT2016111313739N6). Gene expression of SOCS1, SOCS3, TRAF6, and SHIP1 was measured at baseline and after 6 months of therapy with M2000 using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Furthermore, the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Our results showed that the gene expression of SOCS1, SOCS3, and SHIP1 was increased after 6 months of therapy with M2000 in MS patients. Moreover, the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α of patients declined compared with baseline, but this was not statistically significant. The results of this study demonstrated that M2000, with immunosuppressive properties, could upregulate SOCS1, SOCS3, and SHIP1 genes in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Najafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Saadat
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nahid Beladi Moghadam
- Department of Neurology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Manoucherinia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Pashaiefar
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aslani M, Ahmadzadeh A, Aghazadeh Z, Zaki-Dizaji M, Sharifi L, Hosseini M, Mirshafiey A. Influence of β-D-mannuronic Acid, as a New Member of Non-steroidal Anti- Inflammatory Drugs Family, on the Expression Pattern of Chemokines and their Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:65-74. [PMID: 31657689 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666191023103118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the encouraging results of phase III clinical trial of β-Dmannuronic acid (M2000) (as a new anti-inflammatory drug) in patients with RA, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of this drug on the expression of chemokines and their receptors in PBMCs of RA patients. METHODS PBMCs of RA patients and healthy controls were separated and the patients' cells were treated with low, moderate and high doses (5, 25 and 50 μg/mL) of M2000 and optimum dose (1 μg/mL) of diclofenac, as a control in RPMI-1640 medium. Real-time PCR was used for evaluating the mRNA expression of CXCR3, CXCR4, CCR2, CCR5 and CCL2/MCP-1. Cell surface expression of CCR2 was investigated using flow cytometry. RESULTS CCR5 mRNA expression reduced significantly, after treatment of the patients' cells with all three doses of M2000 and optimum dose of diclofenac. CXCR3 mRNA expression was downregulated significantly followed by the treatment of these cells with moderate and high doses of M2000 and optimum dose of diclofenac. CXCR4 mRNA expression declined significantly after the treatment of these cells with moderate and high doses of M2000. CCL2 mRNA expression significantly reduced only followed by the treatment of these cells with a high dose of M2000, whereas, mRNA and cell surface expressions of CCR2 diminished significantly followed by the treatment of these cells with a high dose of M2000 and optimum dose of diclofenac. CONCLUSION According to our results, M2000 through the down-regulation of chemokines and their receptors may restrict the infiltration of immune cells into the synovium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Rheumatology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Zaki-Dizaji
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Sharifi
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Najafi S, Moghadam NB, Saadat P, Noorbakhsh SM, Mohammadi AV, Manouchehrinia A, Hosseini M, Matsuo H, Mirshafiey A. A controlled, randomized phase II clinical trial for efficacy and safety evaluation of mannuronic acid in secondary progressive form of multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:403-412. [PMID: 32878514 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1818741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The β-D-Mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel immunosuppressive drug, patented (PCT/EP2017/067920), has shown positive effects in experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, our aim was to assess efficacy and safety outcomes in MS treated patients with mannuronic acid compared to the conventional drug. METHODS In a 6-month, randomized controlled, phase II trial, we enrolled patients who had secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), were 21-54 years of age, with a score of 1-7 on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), and who had at least one relapse in the previous 6 months. Patients were administered orally 1000 mg/day (two 500 mg/capsule daily) of M2000. Endpoints included changes in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures and the EDSS score, as compared to the conventional drug (interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b). RESULTS A total of 25 (92.5%) of the M2000 treated patients and 25 conventionally treated patients completed the study. M2000 had better performance compared to the conventional drug regarding to MRI-related measurements, however, the differences between groups were not statistically significant. M2000 decreased the disability progression over the 6-month period. The EDSS score was decreased in the M2000 treated group in the sixth month versus the conventional drug (p < 0.009). Furthermore, we did not observe any short-term side effects. CONCLUSIONS As compared with the conventional drug, mannuronic acid (M2000) improved the rate of disability progression. This clinical trial demonstrated the efficacy and safety of mannuronic acid in patients with SPMS. (Registered Clinical Trials number, IRCT2016111313739N6).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Najafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Beladi Moghadam
- Department of Neurology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Saadat
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | | | - Ali Manouchehrinia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hidenori Matsuo
- National Hospital Organization, Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kamali AN, Hamedifar H, Sepehri N, Tahmasebi S, Miladi H, Moniri S, Goudarzvand M, Azizi G, Mirshafiey A. The Effect of β- d-Mannuronic Acid in Animal Model of Epilepsy. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20920030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) in a rat model of epilepsy. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling model was applied in 30 Wistar rats divided into 3 groups through a total of 14 injections, while the rats in the drug-tested group were treated with M2000. Animals were observed for various seizure stages, delay that the rats developed in stages 2 and 5, and the duration of stage 5 seizures. After the last injection, the animals were euthanized and analysis was conducted in the brain for the various gene expression profiles along with histopathology assessments. Pretreatment of animals with M2000 has significantly accelerated epilepsy outcomes promptly following the first PTZ injection (mean ± standard deviation [SD] for seizure stage in the M2000 group was 3.12 ± 1.55 vs 0.75 ± 1.03 for control, P = 0.004). Notably, the mean (±SD) on the latency phase 2 and 5 seizures was lower in the M2000 group compared with control group (79.4 ± 30.7 vs 133.0 ± 38.4, P < 0.001, and 126.1 ± 27.6 vs 233.3 ± 142.8, P = 0.001, respectively). Finally, the mean (±SD) duration of phase 5 seizures was significantly higher in the M2000 pretreated group compared with control rats (344 ± 54 vs 197 ± 94, P < 0.001). Histological findings on the hippocampus showed no significant differences among all groups. Elevated expression level of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and cyclooxygenase-2 was seen in the PTZ-induced kindling group. An elevated expression level of IL-10 was observed in the brains of rats in the M2000 treat group. Our results indicated that rats pretreated with M2000 were predisposed to epilepsy promptly after the first PTZ injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali N. Kamali
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz, Iran
| | - Haleh Hamedifar
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz, Iran
| | - Nima Sepehri
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz, Iran
| | - Saeed Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - Hosein Miladi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Affiliated to Social Security Organization, Arak, Iran
| | - Shakiba Moniri
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahdi Goudarzvand
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Ahmadzadeh A, Rezaieyazdi Z, Aslani M, Omidian S, Mirshafiey A. The role of β-d-mannuronic acid, as a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on expression of miR-146a, IRAK1, TRAF6, NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines following a clinical trial in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:228-236. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1742734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arman Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Rheumatology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaieyazdi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Omidian
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ghaderi A, Nodehi SRS, Bakhtiari T, Aslani M, Aghazadeh Z, Matsuo H, Rehm BHA, Cuzzocrea S, Mirshafiey A. Mannuronic Acid in Low-Risk and Intermediate-1-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes. J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 60:879-888. [PMID: 32064621 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of hematologic improvement and bone marrow modification by the drug β-D mannuronic acid (M2000) during treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in phase 1/2/3 clinical trials prompted us to design a new trial to target hematologic deficits in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In this open-label, randomized phase 2 clinical trial, the potential effect and tolerability of drug M2000 was assessed in patients with low- and intermediate-1-risk MDS. The primary efficacy end point was hematologic improvement after 12 weeks of β-D-mannuronic acid therapy. Among 34 enrolled patients, half received their conventional therapy plus β-D-mannuronic acid, and the other half received only conventional drugs. In the conventional + β-D mannuronic acid treatment group, hematologic improvement and development of transfusion independence and/or reduction in transfusion requirements were seen in 12 patients (92.3%) and 1 patient (7.7%), respectively. Moreover, 5 patients (38.5%), 2 patients (15.4%), and 1 patient (7.7%) in the β-D-mannuronic acid-treated group showed hematologic improvement of the major parameters of erythroid, neutrophil, and platelet responses, respectively, based on the International Working Group criteria), whereas in the conventional treatment group as control, no hematologic improvements including erythroid, neutrophil, and platelet response was seen. In this trial, the addition of β-D mannuronic acid to conventional treatment showed promising results in MDS patients with low and intermediate-1 risk with effects on hematologic improvements without significant adverse effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Ghaderi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology Ward, Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayyed Reza Safaee Nodehi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology Ward, Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Bakhtiari
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Alizadeh S, Javanbakht MH, Mirshafiey A. Anti-diabetic effect of β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive property on insulin production, blood glucose, and inflammatory markers in the experimental diabetes model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:435-440. [PMID: 29882437 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1481094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) on blood glucose, insulin production, and inflammatory markers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Our data showed that the final fasting serum glucose level was significantly lower in the M2000-treated group compared to the diabetic control group (p < .05). In addition, the final fasting serum insulin level significantly increased in the M2000-treated group compared to the diabetic control group (p < .05). Our finding revealed that the serum level of hs-CRP and IL-6 decreased significantly in the M2000-treated group compared to the diabetic control group (p < .05). This study showed that M2000, as a new NSAID, was able to decrease serum glucose levels and increase serum insulin levels and this drug could significantly decrease the inflammatory markers in the M2000-treated group. Collectively, treatment with M2000 might be recommended reducing the severity of diabetes-induced inflammatory symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Shahabeddin Mortazavi-Jahromi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus University of Tehran , Kish , Iran
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mortazavi‐Jahromi SS, Aslani M, Omidian S, Ahmadzadeh A, Rezaieyazdi Z, Mirshafiey A. Immunopharmacological effect of β‐
d
‐mannuronic acid (M2000), as a new immunosuppressive drug, on gene expression of miR‐155 and its target molecules (SOCS1, SHIP1) in a clinical trial on rheumatoid arthritis patients. Drug Dev Res 2019; 81:295-304. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Saiedeh Omidian
- Department of Immunology, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Arman Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Rheumatology, Loghman Hakim HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaieyazdi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research CenterMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Taeb M, Jafarzadeh A, Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Zainodini N, Mirzaei MR, Jafarnezhad-Ansariha F, Aghazadeh Z, Mirshafiey A. Effect of β-D-Mannuronic Acid (M2000) on Oxidative Stress Enzymes' Gene Using Healthy Donor Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Evaluating the Anti-Aging Property. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2019; 16:265-271. [PMID: 29766814 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180515122834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research aimed to study the anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects of low and high doses of the β-D-mannuronic (M2000) on gene expression of enzymes involved in oxidative stress (including SOD2, GST, GPX1, CAT, iNOS, and MPO) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy donors under in vitro conditions. METHODS The PBMCs were separated and the RNAs were then extracted and the cDNAs synthesized, and expression levels of the mentioned genes were detected by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Our results indicated that the high dose of this drug could significantly reduce the expression level of the SOD2 gene compared to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (p < 0.0001). Moreover, it was found that the high dose of this drug could significantly decrease the expression level of the GST gene compared to the LPS group (p < 0.0001). However, no significant reductions were observed in expression levels of the CAT and GPX1 genes compared to the LPS group. Furthermore, our data revealed that the level of iNOS and MPO gene expression was significantly reduced, in both doses of M2000, respectively, compared to the LPS group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This research showed that M2000 as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive properties could modify oxidative stress through lowering expression levels of the SOD2, GST, iNOS, and MPO genes compared to the healthy expression levels, with a probable reduction of the risk of developing inflammatory diseases related to age and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Taeb
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahabeddin Mortazavi-Jahromi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran
| | - Nahid Zainodini
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mirzaei
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sharifi L, Aghamohammadi A, Aletaha S, Bigdeli R, Asgary V, Bokaie S, Asgardoon MH, Azizi G, Mirshafiey A. Antagonistic Property of G2013 (α-L-Guluronic Acid) on Gene Expression of MyD88, Tollip, and NF-κB in HEK293 TLR2 and HEK293 TLR4. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:144-149. [PMID: 30784390 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666181126153752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhibition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling plays a crucial role in suppressing the inflammation and available data presenting G2013 as an immunomodulatory agent, therefore, we designed this study to answer whether G2013 can affect the signaling pathway of TLR2 and TLR4. METHODS Cytotoxicity study of G2013 was performed by MTT assay. HEK293 TLR2 and HEK293 TLR4 cell lines were cultured and treated with low dose (5µg/ml) and high dose (25µg/ml) of G2013 for 24 hours. Gene expressions of MyD88, Tollip, and NF-κB were defined by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS The cytotoxicity assay showed that the concentrations lesser than 125μg/ml of G3012 had no apparent cytotoxicity, however, the concentrations of 5µg/ml and 25µg/ml could suppress the mRNA expression of MyD88, Tollip and NF-κB in HEK293 TLR2 and HEK293 TLR4 cell lines. CONCLUSION in our study, we verified the linkage between the immunosuppressive property of G2013 and TLR2, TLR4 signaling cascade; but so far, the specific target of G2013 and its molecular mechanism has not been detected yet. We recommend further studies on other Patten Recognition Receptors (PRRs)and other mechanisms of inflammation like oxidative stress to be conducted in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Sharifi
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Aletaha
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Bigdeli
- Research and Development Laboratory, Javid Biotechnology Institution, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Asgary
- Research and Development Laboratory, Javid Biotechnology Institution, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Bokaie
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asgardoon
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Student Society for Immunodeficiencies, Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kashefi S, Omranipour R, Mahmoodzadeh H, Ahmadi H, Alikhassi A, Hosseini M, Cuzzocrea S, Rehm BHA, Matsuo H, Mirshafiey A. A randomized, controlled, phaseIIclinical trial of β‐D‐mannuronic acid (M2000) in pre‐surgical breast cancer patients at early stage (T1‐T2). Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:527-532. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Kashefi
- Department of Immunology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
| | - Ramesh Omranipour
- Breast Disease Research Centre (BDRC) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Surgical Oncology Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
| | | | - Hamid Ahmadi
- Breast Disease Research Centre (BDRC) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Afsaneh Alikhassi
- Department of Radiology Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Bernd H. A. Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery Griffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - Hidenori Matsuo
- National Hospital Organization Nagasaki National Hospital Nagasaki Japan
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
- Research Centre for immunodeficiency Children's Medical Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rezaieyazdi Z, Farooqi A, Soleymani-Salehabadi H, Ahmadzadeh A, Aslani M, Omidian S, Sadoughi A, Vahidi Z, Khodashahi M, Zamurrad S, Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Fallahzadeh H, Hosseini M, Aghazadeh Z, Ekhtiari P, Matsuo H, Rehm BHA, Cuzzocrea S, D'Aniello A, Mirshafiey A. International multicenter randomized, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial of β-D-mannuronic acid in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:911-921. [PMID: 30604197 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-00557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oral administration of drug β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) showed a potent therapeutic effect in phase I/II study in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Here, our aim is to assess the efficacy and safety of this new drug in RA patients under a multinational, randomized placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial. METHOD Patients (n = 288) with active disease at baseline and inadequate response to conventional drugs were randomly allocated to three groups; (1) receiving mannuronic acid at a dose of two capsules (500 mg) per day orally for 12 weeks, (2) placebo-controlled, and (3) conventional. The primary endpoints were the America College of Rheumatology 20 response (ACR20), 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28) and Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (M-HAQ-DI). In addition, the participants were followed-up for safety assessment. RESULTS In this phase III trial, after 12 weeks of treatment, there was a significant reduction in ACR20 between mannuronic-treated patients compared to placebo and conventional groups. Moreover, there was a similar significant improvement for DAS28 following mannuronic therapy. The statistical analysis showed a significant reduction in the swollen and tender joint count in mannuronic-treated patients compared with the placebo group. On the other side, mannuronic acid showed no-to-very low adverse events in comparison to placebo. CONCLUSION The results of this multinational, phase III clinical trial provided a potent evidence base for the use of β-D-mannuronic acid as a new highly safe and efficient drug in the treatment of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rezaieyazdi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abid Farooqi
- Department of Rheumatology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Arman Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Rheumatology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Omidian
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Sadoughi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Vahidi
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mandana Khodashahi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shazia Zamurrad
- Department of Rheumatology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Hossein Fallahzadeh
- Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Ekhtiari
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hidenori Matsuo
- Nagasaki National Hospital, Sakuragi-cho 6-41, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antimo D'Aniello
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Zoological Station of Naples "Anton Dohrn", Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharifi L, Moshiri M, Dallal MM, Asgardoon MH, Nourizadeh M, Bokaie S, Mirshafiey A. The Inhibitory Role of M2000 (β-D-Mannuronic Acid) on Expression of Toll-like Receptor 2 and 4 in HT29 Cell Line. RECENT PATENTS ON INFLAMMATION & ALLERGY DRUG DISCOVERY 2019; 13:57-65. [PMID: 30539708 PMCID: PMC6778985 DOI: 10.2174/1872213x13666181211160238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Anti-inflammatory agents play a crucial role in controlling inflammatory diseases such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) but their use is restricted due to their vast side effects. M2000 (β-D-mannuronic acid) is a new immunomodulatory drug. According to the capacity of M2000 in suppressing some molecules involved in Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) signaling and reducing oxidative stress we hypothesize that, this molecule may have a potential role in decreasing inflammatory responses in IBD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of M2000 and its effect on the gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4. METHODS HEK293 cell line was grown and divided into 96-well cell plate and MTT assay was performed. HT29 cells were cultured and treated with low and high doses of M2000. Total RNA was extracted and cDNA synthesized and quantitative real-time PCR was done to quantify the TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression. RESULTS We found that M2000 at the concentration of ≤ 1000µg/ml had no obvious cytotoxicity effect on the HEK293 cells. Also, low and high doses of M2000 could significantly down-regulate both TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression. Moreover, a significant reduction in gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in an inflammatory condition resulted in high doses of M2000 in the presence of LPS. CONCLUSION Our study which was conducted in colonic epithelial cell model, shows that M2000 can be considered as a new anti-inflammatory agent in IBD. However, more comprehensive experimental and clinical studies are required to recognize the molecular mechanism of M2000 and also its safety and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tel/Fax: +98 (21) 88954913; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
A phase I/II randomized, controlled, clinical trial for assessment of the efficacy and safety of β-D-mannuronic acid in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:737-745. [PMID: 29696564 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the potent efficacy of β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) in phase I/II trial in ankylosing spondylitis patients, the present clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of this novel drug in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who had inadequate response to conventional therapy. METHOD The study was a 12-week randomized, controlled, phase I/II clinical trial with two treatment arms: M2000 and conventional treatment. Patients who had RA according to the modified American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, with active disease at baseline also inadequate response to conventional therapy, were enrolled in this study. M2000 was administrated at a dose of two capsules (500 mg) per day orally during a period of 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients fulfilling the ACR 20% improvement criteria after 12 weeks of M2000 therapy. Moreover, the patients were also followed up for safety. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between treatment and conventional groups at baseline characteristics. The ACR20 response rate was significantly higher among M2000-treated patients than conventional-treated control, so that 74% of patients in treatment group showed an ACR20 response after 12 weeks of M2000 therapy (74 versus 16%; P = 0.011). 10% of M2000-treated patients and 57.1% of conventional-treated patient's adverse events occurred during this study. CONCLUSION Treatment with M2000 in combination with conventional therapy showed a significantly superior efficacy along with a high safety profile compared to conventional-treated patients. Thereby, M2000 might be suggested as a suitable option in the treatment of RA.
Collapse
|
19
|
Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Alizadeh S, Javanbakht MH, Mirshafiey A. Cardioprotective effect of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel NSAID on gene expression of oxLDL scavenger receptors in the experimental diabetic model. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:284-289. [PMID: 29619884 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1455209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The investigations have shown that patients with diabetes have the elevated levels of glucose and oxLDL. These two play an important role in increased expression levels of oxLDL scavenger receptors on the surface of macrophages and endothelial cells that leads to deposition of oxLDL and macrophages in vascular walls. OBJECTIVE The present study intends to show the effects of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) on the expression profile of ox-LDL scavenger receptors (including SR-A, LOX-1, CD36, and CD68) in an experimental model of diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three 6-member groups of the healthy control, diabetic control, and treated rats by M2000. Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal (IP) administration of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. The treated rats were given daily intraperitoneal injections of M2000 with a dose of 25 mg/kg for 28 days and at the end of the 28th day, their aortas were removed. The qRT-PCR technique was then used to evaluate the expression levels of the proposed gene. RESULTS The gene expression levels of the SR-A, LOX-1, CD36, and CD68 significantly declined in the diabetic group that received M2000 compared with untreated diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS The M2000, as a novel NSAID is able to modify by lowering the gene expression levels of SR-A, LOX-1, CD36, and CD68 in treated rats compared to the untreated diabetic group, which may play an important role in preventing the complications that could lead to a cardioprotective efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Shahabeddin Mortazavi-Jahromi
- a Department of Immunology, School of Public Health , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology , Kish International Campus, University of Tehran , Kish , Iran
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- c Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
- c Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- a Department of Immunology, School of Public Health , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hosseini S, Abdollahi M, Azizi G, Fattahi MJ, Rastkari N, Zavareh FT, Aghazadeh Z, Mirshafiey A. Anti-aging effects of M2000 (β-D-mannuronic acid) as a novel immunosuppressive drug on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress parameters in an experimental model. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 28:249-255. [PMID: 28207414 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-aging property of β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent was investigated on several determinants relative to the oxidative stress in an animal model. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were used for evaluating the safety and efficacy properties of M2000 on some oxidative stress enzymes, including the following: mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression by real-time PCR. Malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl protein (PCO) (the lipid and protein oxidation marker, respectively), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were tested in serum by biochemical analysis. In addition, cortisol as a steroid hormone was surveyed by chemiluminescence immunoassay after 12 weeks of M2000 consumption. The rats were sacrificed 3 months after daily oral administration of M2000. RESULTS Our findings revealed the favorable effects of M2000 on several antioxidant enzyme and gene expression, including SOD2, CAT, GPX1, and GST; however, our results were not statistically significant. Moreover, there was no significant difference in MDA and PCO as lipid and protein oxidation markers, TAC, and cortisol compared with the control group following M2000 consumption. A slight weight increase in the M2000-treated group was also observed. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed the anti-aging property of M2000 as a novel designed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with immunosuppressive property on various oxidative stress determinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soma Hosseini
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj
| | - Mohammad Javad Fattahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Noshin Rastkari
- Centers for Air Pollution, IER, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Farzaneh Tofighi Zavareh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fattahi MJ, Ahmadi H, Jafarnezhad-Ansariha F, Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Rehm BHA, Cuzzocrea S, Matsuo H, Mirshafiey A. Oral administration effects of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) on Th17 and regulatory T cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:495-500. [PMID: 29477913 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the effects of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) on levels of Th17, regulatory T (Treg) cells and their related cytokines in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS 30 AS patients and 15 age and sex-matched healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. The frequencies of Th17 and Treg cells and serum levels of related cytokines were measured by flow cytometry analysis and ELISA respectively, before (baseline) and 3 months after M2000 therapy. RESULTS Significantly higher baseline Th17 cells and serum IL-17, TNF-α and IL-6 were observed in AS patients than in normal controls, whereas baseline levels of Treg cells and serum IL-10 were not significantly different between AS patients and healthy controls. After M2000 therapy, frequencies of Th17 and serum levels of IL-17 and IL-6 significantly decreased in AS patients. The frequencies of Treg cells and serum level of IL-10 were not significantly changed, in comparison to before therapy. Moreover, the correlation analysis showed that frequencies of Th17 and levels of IL-17, TNF-α and IL-6 were positively correlated with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) scores, whereas Treg cells were revealed to be negatively correlated with BASDAI and BASFI scores. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the oral administration of M2000 as a novel NSAID with the immunosuppressive property that down-regulates Th17 and Th17-related cytokines and facilitates the correction of the Th17/Treg imbalance can be effective in the process of AS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Fattahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Shahabeddin Mortazavi-Jahromi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Hidenori Matsuo
- Department of Clinical Research, Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan; Department of Neurology, Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Targeting of circulating Th17 cells by β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel medication in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:57-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
23
|
Immunomodulatory effects of M2000 (β-D-Mannuronic acid) on TNF-α, IL-17 and FOXP3 gene expression in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 51:107-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
24
|
Mirshafiey A, Taeb M, Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Jafarnezhad-Ansariha F, Rehm BH, Esposito E, Cuzzocrea S, Matsuo H. Introduction of β- d -mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive property based on COX-1/COX-2 activity and gene expression. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1067-1072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
25
|
Roozbehkia M, Mahmoudi M, Aletaha S, Rezaei N, Fattahi MJ, Jafarnezhad-Ansariha F, Barati A, Mirshafiey A. The potent suppressive effect of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) on molecular expression of the TLR/NF-kB Signaling Pathway in ankylosing spondylitis patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:191-196. [PMID: 28938189 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by the inflammation of sacroiliac joints and axial skeleton. A combination of genetic, environmental and immunological factors are involved in AS's pathogenesis. TLRs are type I transmembrane glycoproteins that play a crucial role in the innate immune responses against invading pathogens. Observational studies have demonstrated a possible association between TLR dysregulation and AS. The β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000), as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive property, has shown an inhibitory effect on Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 4 signaling in HEK293 cells. In the present study, we investigated the gene expression of Myd88, IKB-alpha, NF-kB and MAPK14 (genes of the TLR/NF-kB Signaling Pathway) in AS patients in comparison to healthy subjects and also the effect of β-d-mannuronic acid on disease activity and mRNA expression of these molecules in affected patients. We showed for the first time that the gene expression level of Myd88, IKB-alpha, NF-kB and MAPK14 was higher in AS patients in comparison to healthy subjects. Moreover we confirmed that the β-d-mannuronic acid not just reduced significantly the disease activity of AS individuals compared to placebo, but also it could significantly decrease the expression level of genes associated with TLR/NF-kB Signaling Pathway in treated patients with M2000. These results may provide a new therapeutic approach to attenuate inflammatory responses in AS patients, (Identified; IRCT 2013062213739N1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Roozbehkia
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somaye Aletaha
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, UK
| | - Mohammad Javad Fattahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Anis Barati
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jafarnezhad-Ansariha F, Yekaninejad MS, Jamshidi AR, Mansouri R, Vojdanian M, Mahmoudi M, Fattahi MJ, Hashemi SN, Rehm BHA, Matsuo H, Esposito E, Cuzzocrea S, Mirshafiey A. The effects of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000), as a novel NSAID, on COX1 and COX2 activities and gene expression in ankylosing spondylitis patients and the murine monocyte/macrophage, J774 cell line. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:375-384. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0386-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
27
|
Aletaha S, Haddad L, Roozbehkia M, Bigdeli R, Asgary V, Mahmoudi M, Mirshafiey A. M2000 (β-D-Mannuronic Acid) as a Novel Antagonist for Blocking the TLR2 and TLR4 Downstream Signalling Pathway. Scand J Immunol 2017; 85:122-129. [PMID: 27943385 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To date, selective blockade of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling has been developed as a new approach for treatment for many inflammatory diseases. As β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) has been known as an anti-inflammatory molecule in several experimental models, we investigated the antagonistic effects of M2000 on TLR2 and TLR4 downstream signalling transduction pathway in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cell lines overexpressing TLR2/CD14 and the TLR4/MD2/CD14 complex, respectively. M2000 effectively inhibited mRNA expression of MyD88 and p65, major subunit of nuclear factor-κB, in HEK293 cells stimulated by lipoteichoic acid (LTA, a TLR2 agonist) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a TLR4 agonist) with no evidence of cytotoxicity. In addition, M2000 also suppressed LTA and LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6 inflammatory cytokines in these cells. Furthermore, the results revealed that M2000 had no significant effect on Tollip mRNA expression as a negative regulator of TLR signalling in aforesaid cells. Overall, these data point to M2000 inhibitory effect on Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 4 signalling in HEK293 cells. This information might provide new insights into the possible roles of this small drug in order to introduce it as a TLR signalling pathway inhibitor. However, more studies are needed to confirm β-D-mannuronic acid antagonistic effects including the effects of M2000 on peritoneal isolated macrophages and also on blood cells in patients with inflammatory diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Aletaha
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - L Haddad
- Department of Biochemistry, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center and Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M Roozbehkia
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Bigdeli
- Research and Development Laboratory, Javid Biotechnology Company, Incubator of Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - V Asgary
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Barati A, Jamshidi AR, Ahmadi H, Aghazadeh Z, Mirshafiey A. Effects of β-d-mannuronic acid, as a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication within immunosuppressive properties, on IL17, RORγt, IL4 and GATA3 gene expressions in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:1027-1033. [PMID: 28408801 PMCID: PMC5384716 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s129419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of chronic inflammatory arthritis characterized by pain, swelling and destruction of joints, with a resultant disability. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biological drugs can interfere with the disease process. In this study, the effect of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects together with antioxidant effects was evaluated on IL17, RORγt, IL4 and GATA3 gene expression in 12 RA patients. Previously, M2000 driven from sodium alginate (natural product; patented, DEU: 102016113018.4) has shown a notable efficacy in experimental models of multiple sclerosis, RA and nephrotic syndrome. This study was performed on 12 patients with RA who had an inadequate response to conventional treatments. During this trial, patients were permitted to continue the conventional therapy excluding NSAIDs. M2000 was administered orally at a dose of 500 mg twice daily for 12 weeks. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected before and after treatment to evaluate the expression levels of IL4, GATA3, IL17 and RORγt. The gene expression results showed that M2000 has a potent efficacy, so that it could not only significantly decrease IL17 and RORγt levels but also increase IL4 and GATA3 levels after 12 weeks of treatment. Moreover, the gene expression results were in accordance with the clinical and preclinical assessments. In conclusion, M2000 as a natural novel agent has therapeutic and immunosuppressive properties on RA patients (identifier: IRCT2014011213739N2).
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Antioxidants/administration & dosage
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Female
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Hexuronic Acids/administration & dosage
- Hexuronic Acids/pharmacology
- Hexuronic Acids/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-17/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anis Barati
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health
| | - Ahmad Reza Jamshidi
- Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hosseini F, Hassannia H, Mahdian‐Shakib A, Jadidi‐Niaragh F, Enderami SE, Fattahi M, Anissian A, Mirshafiey A, Kokhaei P. Targeting of crosstalk between tumor and tumor microenvironment by β-D mannuronic acid (M2000) in murine breast cancer model. Cancer Med 2017; 6:640-650. [PMID: 28211615 PMCID: PMC5345625 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of death in breast cancer patients. Inflammatory processes following crosstalk between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment play an important role in progression and metastasis of cancer. Hence, targeting of these interactions may represent a novel promising strategy for breast cancer therapy. So, we investigated the effects of β-D mannuronic acid (BDM), a new antiinflammatory agent, on 4T1 breast cancer cell line both in vitro and in vivo. Proliferation assays revealed low-cytotoxic effect of BDM on 4T1 cells. However, BDM reduced activity of MMP-2, MMP-9 and significantly decreased the adhesion of 4T1 cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) in a dose-dependent manner. The in vivo results demonstrated that BDM strongly inhibits tumor growth and increases lifespan as compared with control mice. The decrease in tumor mass was associated with decreased metastasis, recruitment, and frequency of inflammatory cells in tumor tissue. Our preclinical findings demonstrated that BDM therapy not only prevents formation of chronic inflammatory response but also inhibits crosstalk between tumor cells and their microenvironment, which is associated with reduction of tumor growth and metastasis arrest. Our data imply the use of BDM therapy in future clinical trials to open a new horizon for breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hosseini
- Cancer Research Center and Department of ImmunologySemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Hadi Hassannia
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Ahmad Mahdian‐Shakib
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Farhad Jadidi‐Niaragh
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Mohammadjavad Fattahi
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Shiraz institute for cancer researchShiraz, University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Ali Anissian
- Department of Veterinary MedicineIslamic Azad UniversityAbharAbhar branchIran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center and Department of ImmunologySemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
- Department of Oncology‐PathologyImmune and Gene Therapy LaboratoryCancer Centre KarolinskaKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Athari Nik Azm S, Vafa M, Sharifzadeh M, Safa M, Barati A, Mirshafiey A. Effects of M2000 (D-Mannuronic Acid) on Learning, Memory Retrieval, and Associated Determinants in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2017; 32:12-21. [PMID: 28100077 PMCID: PMC10852923 DOI: 10.1177/1533317516678086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
The d-mannuronic acid (M2000) is a novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has immunosuppressive effects together with antioxidant property. M2000 has shown a notable efficacy in experimental models of multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and nephrotic syndrome. In this work, the effect of M2000 on the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was performed by Morris water maze experiment, and the immunological assessments were carried out by Western blot, apoptosis (procaspase-3, Bax/Bcl2, P53), enzymatic (superoxide dismutase [SOD]), and nonenzymatic oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA]) tests. We found that pretreatment of AD in the rat model by M2000 had a potent efficacy on rat behavior and also it led to a significant inhibition of amyloid plaque production. Moreover, our data showed that M2000 can reduce the amount of Bax/Bcl2, P53, MDA, and SOD, as well as it normalized the level of procaspase-3. Our results suggest M2000 is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Athari Nik Azm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, School of Allied Medical Science, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anis Barati
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mortazavi-Jahromi SS, Jamshidi MM, Farazmand A, Aghazadeh Z, Yousefi M, Mirshafiey A. Pharmacological effects of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) on miR-146a, IRAK1, TRAF6 and NF-κB gene expression, as target molecules in inflammatory reactions. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:479-484. [PMID: 28324845 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired expression and function of microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Moreover, there is a close relationship between TLRs and miRNAs and impairment in regulating their expression which can play a vital role in the immunopathogenesis of many inflammatory reactions. This research aimed to study the pharmaceutical effects of M2000 (β-d-mannuronic acid) on the expression of miR-146a and its two target molecules (IRAK1 and TRAF6), and the transcription factor NF-κB in the HEK-Blue hTLR2 cell line. METHODS The cytotoxicity of M2000 was assessed by the MTT assay, and the qRT-PCR technique was employed in the presence and absence of M2000 treatment to measure gene-expression levels of miR-146a, IRAK1, TRAF6, and NF-κB. RESULTS MTT assay indicated that M2000 (before the concentration of 500μg/ml) had no cytotoxic effect on HEK-Blue hTLR2 cells. Our results showed that M2000 at low and high doses (5 and 25μg/well) could significantly reduce gene expression levels of miR-146a (p<0.01). Furthermore, it was found that this medication at two different doses could considerably decrease IRAK1 and TRAF6 gene expression (p<0.001). Moreover, this study revealed that expression level of NF-κB also significantly declined at these two doses (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study for the first time shows that M2000 as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive properties is able to modify TLR signaling through suppressing the adaptor molecules IRAK1 and TRAF6, the transcription factor NF-κB and miR-146a as a new therapeutic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Shahabeddin Mortazavi-Jahromi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran; School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Malek Jamshidi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran; School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Farazmand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran; School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fattahi MJ, Abdollahi M, Agha Mohammadi A, Rastkari N, Khorasani R, Ahmadi H, Tofighi Zavareh F, Sedaghat R, Tabrizian N, Mirshafiey A. Preclinical assessment of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 37:535-40. [PMID: 26584020 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1113296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT β-d-Mannuronic acid (M2000) has shown its therapeutic effects with the greatest tolerability and efficacy in various experimental models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA), nephrotic syndrome, and acute glomerulonephritis. Despite pharmacological effects of β-D-mannuronic acid, there have been no systematic toxicological studies on its safety so far. OBJECTIVE The study was designed to determine the acute and subchronic toxicity of β-D-mannuronic acid, an anti-inflammatory agent, in healthy male NMRI mice and Wistar rats, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the acute toxicity study, the animals received orally five different single doses of β-D-mannuronic acid and were kept under observation for 14 d. In the subchronic study, 24 Wistar male rats were divided into four groups and were treated orally (gavage) once daily with test substance preparation at dose levels of 0, 50, 250, and 1250 mg/kg body weight for at least 63 consecutive days (9 weeks). Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights, and histopathological determinations were monitored during the study. RESULTS The results of acute toxicity indicated that the LD50 of β-D-mannuronic acid is 4.6 g/kg. We found no mortality and no abnormality in clinical signs, body weight, relative organ weights, or necropsy in any of the animals in the subchronic study. Additionally, the results showed no significant difference in hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters in rats. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that β-D-mannuronic acid is relatively safe when administered orally in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Fattahi
- a Department of Immunology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Asghar Agha Mohammadi
- c Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Noushin Rastkari
- d Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Reza Khorasani
- b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology , Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadi
- a Department of Immunology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farzaneh Tofighi Zavareh
- a Department of Immunology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Reza Sedaghat
- e Department of Anatomy and Pathology , Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University , Tehran , Iran , and
| | - Nakisa Tabrizian
- f Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology , Kish International Campus, University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- a Department of Immunology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Afraei S, Azizi G, Zargar SJ, Sedaghat R, Mirshafiey A. New therapeutic approach by G2013 in experimental model of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Belg 2015; 115:259-66. [PMID: 25388635 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-014-0392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to an inflammatory demyelination and axonal damage. MS disease often displays a relapsing-remitting course of neurological manifestations that is mimicked by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in animal models. The aim of the present research was to test the therapeutic effect of small molecule G2013, a novel designed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent in EAE. All experiments were conducted on C57BL/6 male mice aged 10 weeks. To induce the EAE, we performed subcutaneously injection of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-35-55 (MOG35-55) in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) emulsion, and for treatment of EAE we used intraperitoneal (IP) injection of G2013. On day 21 post-immunization, for total antioxidant, nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α assessment, blood samples were taken from the heart and mice were killed, and the brains and cerebellums were then removed for histological analysis. Our findings demonstrated that G2013 had beneficial effects on EAE by lower incidence, attenuation in the severity, and a delay in the onset of disease. Histological analysis showed that inflammation criteria including the number of inflammatory cells and plaques as well as demyelination in G2013 dosed mice were lower than control group. Moreover, the serum level of NO in G2013-treated mice was significantly less than control animals. These data indicate that G2013 therapy can attenuate the disease progression in experimental model of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Afraei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Roozbeh M, Mohammadpour H, Azizi G, Ghobadzadeh S, Mirshafiey A. The potential role of iNKT cells in experimental allergic encephalitis and multiple sclerosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2014; 36:105-13. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2014.897726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
35
|
Mohammadzadeh Honarvar N, Harirchian MH, Koohdani F, Siassi F, Abdolahi M, Bitarafan S, Salehi E, Sahraian MA, Eshraghian MR, Saboor-Yarghi AA. The effect of vitamin A supplementation on retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) gene expression in Avonex-treated multiple sclerotic patients. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:749-53. [PMID: 23868508 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of vitamin A on RORγt and IL-17 gene expression in multiple sclerotic patients. Patients in the vitamin A group received 25,000 IU retinyl palmitate per day, while patients in the placebo group took one capsule of placebo per day for 6 months. Gene expression was measured by real-time PCR at the first and end of the study. The results of this study show that vitamin A downregulates IL-17 and RORγt gene expression. No changes in gene expression occurred in the placebo group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz Mohammadzadeh Honarvar
- Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Oxidative stress is related to the deleterious effects of heme oxygenase-1 in an in vivo neuroinflammatory rat model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:264935. [PMID: 23533686 PMCID: PMC3606782 DOI: 10.1155/2013/264935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction is associated with beneficial or deleterious effects depending on the experimental conditions adopted and the neurodegenerative rodent models used. The present study aimed first to evaluate the effects of cerebral HO-1 induction in an in vivo rat model of neuroinflammation by intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid (QA) and secondly to explore the role played by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free iron (Fe2+) derived from heme catabolism promoted by HO-1. Chronic I.P. treatment with the HO-1 inductor and substrate hemin was responsible for a significant dose-related increase of cerebral HO-1 production. Brain tissue loss, microglial activation, and neuronal death were significantly higher in rats receiving QA plus hemin (H-QA) versus QA and controls. Significant increase of ROS production in H-QA rat brain was inhibited by the specific HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP which supports the idea that ROS level augmentation in hemin-treated animals is a direct consequence of HO-1 induction. The cerebral tissue loss and ROS level in hemin-treated rats receiving the iron chelator deferoxamine were significantly decreased, demonstrating the involvement of Fe2+in brain ROS production. Therefore, the deleterious effects of HO-1 expression in this in vivo neuroinflammatory model were linked to a hyperproduction of ROS, itself promoted by free iron liberation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Jadidi-Niaragh F, Mirshafiey A. Th17 cell, the new player of neuroinflammatory process in multiple sclerosis. Scand J Immunol 2011; 74:1-13. [PMID: 21338381 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent episodes of demyelination and axonal lesion mediated by CD4(+) T cells with a proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 phenotype, macrophages, and soluble inflammatory mediators. Identification of Th17 cells led to breaking the dichotomy of Th1/Th2 axis in immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as MS, and its experimental model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Th17 cells are characterized by expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) factors. Th17-produced cytokine profile including interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which have proinflammatory functions, suggests it as an important factor in immunopathogenesis of MS, because the main feature of MS pathophysiology is the neuroinflammatory reaction. The blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption is an early and central event in MS pathogenesis. Autoreactive Th17 cells can migrate through the BBB by the production of cytokines such as IL-17 and IL-22, which disrupt tight junction proteins in the central nervous system (CNS) endothelial cells. Consistent with this observation and regarding the wide range production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by Th17 cells, it is expected that Th17 cell to be as a potent pathogenic factor in disease immunopathophysiology. Th17-mediated inflammation is characterized by neutrophil recruitment into the CNS and neurons killing. However, the majority of our knowledge about the role of Th17 in MS pathogenesis is resulted in investigation into EAE animal models. In this review, we intend to focus on the newest information regarding the precise role of Th17 cells in immunopathogenesis of MS, and its animal model, EAE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jadidi-Niaragh F, Mirshafiey A. Regulatory T-cell as orchestra leader in immunosuppression process of multiple sclerosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2011; 33:545-67. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2010.513391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
39
|
Histamine and histamine receptors in pathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Neuropharmacology 2010; 59:180-9. [PMID: 20493888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease associated with chronic inflammatory demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Due to disease complexity and heterogeneity, its pathogenesis remains unknown and despite extensive studies, specific effective treatments have not yet been developed. The factors behind the initiation of the inflammatory reactions in CNS have not been identified until now. MS is considered as a complex disease depending on genetic as well as environmental factors. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the preferential experimental rodent model for MS. Histamine [2-(4-imidazole) ethylamine] is a ubiquitous inflammatory mediator of diverse physiological processes including neurotransmission, secretion of pituitary hormones, and regulation of the gastrointestinal and circulatory systems which can modulate immune responses. Histamine functions are mediated through four G-protein coupled receptors that are named H1-H4 receptor. Histamine is implicated as an important factor in pathophysiology of MS and EAE. It has been shown that histamine can change the permeability of blood brain barrier, which leads to elevation of infiltrated cells in CNS and neuroinflammation. In contrast, there are evidence that show the protective role of histamine in MS and its animal model, EAE. In this review, we try to clarify the role of histamine in pathogenesis of MS, as well as we evaluate the efficacy of histamine receptors agonists and antagonists in treatment of this disease.
Collapse
|
40
|
Mirshafiey A, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Prostaglandins in pathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 32:543-54. [PMID: 20233088 DOI: 10.3109/08923971003667627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss, and gliosis. The inflammatory lesions are manifested by a large infiltration and a heterogeneous population of cellular and soluble mediators of the immune system, such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, and microglia, as well as a broad range of cytokines, chemokines, antibodies, complement, and other toxic substances. Prostaglandins (PGs) are arachidonic acid-derived autacoids that have a role in the modulation of many physiological systems including the CNS, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, endocrine, and immune systems. PG production is associated with inflammation, a major feature in MS that is characterized by the loss of myelinating oligodendrocytes in the CNS. With respect to the role of PGs in the induction of inflammation, they can be effective mediators in the pathophysiology of MS. Thus use of agonists or antagonists of PG receptors may be considered as a new therapeutic protocol in MS. In this review, we try to clarify the role of PGs in immunopathology and treatment of MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mirshafiey A, Mohsenzadegan M. Antioxidant therapy in multiple sclerosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009; 31:13-29. [PMID: 18763202 DOI: 10.1080/08923970802331943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in various events underlying multiple sclerosis pathology. In the initial phase of lesion formation, ROS are known to mediate the transendothelial migration of monocytes and induce a dysfunction in the blood-brain barrier. Although the pathogenesis of MS is not completely understood, various studies suggest that reactive oxygen species contribute to the formation and persistence of multiple sclerosis lesions by acting on distinct pathological processes. The detrimental effects of ROS in the central nervous system are endowed with a protective mechanism consisting of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant. Antioxidant therapy may therefore represent an attractive treatment of MS. Several studies have shown that antioxidant therapy is beneficial in vitro and in vivo in animal models for MS. Since oxidative damage has been known to be involved in inflammatory and autoimmune-mediated tissue destruction in which, modulation of oxygen free radical production represents a new approach to the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Several experimental studies have been performed to see whether dietary intake of several antioxidants can prevent and or reduce the progression of EAE or not. Although a few antioxidants showed some efficacy in these studies, little information is available on the effect of treatments with such compounds in patients with MS. In this review, our aim is to clarify the therapeutic efficacy of antioxidants in MS disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mirshafiey A, Rehm B, Sotoude M, Razavi A, Abhari RS, Borzooy Z. Therapeutic Approach by a Novel Designed Anti-Inflammatory Drug, M2000, in Experimental Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 29:49-61. [PMID: 17464766 DOI: 10.1080/08923970701282387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The therapeutic efficacy of novel designed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, M2000 (beta- D- mannuronic acid) on experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis was evaluated. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) nephritis was induced in rats by a subcutaneous immunization and daily intravenous administration of BSA. M2000 solution (30 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally at regular 48-hr intervals for 4 weeks. Onset of treatment was day 56. Urinary protein was measured weekly and serum anti-BSA antibody was assessed by ELISA method at different intervals. Animals were killed on day 84 and blood samples and kidney specimens were obtained. Serum (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and triglyceride) and urine (protein, urea, and creatinine) determinants were measured at the time of sacrifice. Kidney specimens were processed for light and immunofluorescent microscopic examination. The fibrosarcoma cell line was used for assaying tolerability and matrix metalloproteinase type 2 (MMP-2) activity. MMP-2 activity was assessed using zymography. Our data showed that M2000 therapy could significantly reduce the urinary protein excretion in treated rats versus non-treated controls. Anti-BSA antibody titer was lower in treated rats than in controls at the 12th experimental week. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes infiltration and glomerular immune complex deposition were less intense in treated rats than in controls. Cytotoxicity analysis of M2000 showed a much higher tolerability compared with other tested drugs (diclofenac, piroxicam and dexamethasone). The inhibitory effect of M2000 in MMP-2 activity was significantly greater than that of dexsamethasone and of piroxicam at a concentration of 200 microg/ml. Moreover, the toxicological study revealed that M2000 had no influence on serum (BUN, creatinine, triglyceride and cholesterol) determinants, urinary protein excretion and glomerular histology in healthy group receiving drug. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that treatment with M2000 can reduce proteinuria, diminish antibody production, and suppress the progression of disease in a rat model of immune complex glomerulonephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mirshafiey A, Rehm B, Abhari RS, Borzooy Z, Sotoude M, Razavi A. Production of M2000 (β-d-mannuronic acid) and its therapeutic effect on experimental nephritis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2007; 24:60-66. [PMID: 21783790 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present research introduces the method of Production of M2000 (β-d-mannuronic acid) and its therapeutic effect on experimental model of nephritis. M2000 was produced using enzymatic and chemical procedure on prepared alginate from Pseudomonas fluorescens. The experimental glomerulonephritis was induced in rats by a subcutaneous immunization and daily intravenous administration of bovine serum albumin (BSA). M2000 solution (30mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally at regular 48-h intervals for 4 weeks. Onset of treatment was day 56. Urinary protein was measured weekly and serum anti-BSA antibody was assessed by ELISA method at different intervals. Animals were killed on day 84 and blood samples and kidney specimens were obtained. Serum (creatinine, BUN, cholesterol, and triglyceride) and urine (protein, urea, and creatinine) determinants were measured at the time of sacrifice. Kidney specimens were processed for light and immunofluorescent microscopic examination. The fibrosarcoma cell line was used for assaying tolerability and matrix metalloproteinase type 2 (MMP-2) activity. MMP-2 activity was assessed using zymography. Our data showed that M2000 therapy could significantly reduce the urinary protein excretion in treated rats versus non-treated controls. Anti-BSA antibody titer was lower in treated rats than in controls at the 12th experimental week. PMN infiltration and glomerular immune complex deposition was less intense in treated rats than in controls. Cytotoxicity analysis of M2000 showed a much higher tolerability compared with other tested drugs (diclofenac, piroxicam and dexamethasone). The inhibitory effect of M2000 in MMP-2 activity was significantly greater than that of dexsamethasone and of piroxicam at a concentration of 200μg/ml. Moreover, the toxicological study revealed that M2000 had no influence on serum (BUN, creatinine, triglyceride and cholesterol) determinants, urinary protein excretion and glomerular histology in healthy group receiving drug. CONCLUSIONS In this research, for the first time we introduced the procedure of production of M2000 (β-d-mannuronic acid) and our data suggest that treatment with M2000, as a novel anti-inflammatory drug can reduce proteinuria, diminish antibody production and suppress the progression of disease in experimental model of glomerulonephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Box 6446, 14155 Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Heeneman S, Donners MMPC, Bai L, Daemen MJAP. Drug-induced immunomodulation to affect the development and progression of atherosclerosis: a new opportunity? Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2007; 5:345-64. [PMID: 17338677 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.5.2.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and cytokine pathways are crucial for the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. In this review, the hypothesis that immunomodulatory drugs provide a possible therapeutic modality for cardiovascular disease is evaluated. Therefore, after a short overview of the specific inflammatory pathways involved in atherosclerosis, literature on the effect of several immunomodulatory drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, specific cyclooxygenase inhibitors and immunosuppressive drugs, used currently in the prevention of rejection after organ transplant, on the development and progression of atherosclerosis is reviewed. In addition, the pleiotropic immunomodulatory effect of two established cardiovascular drugs (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins) is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Heeneman
- University of Maastricht, Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Remminghorst U, Rehm BHA. Bacterial alginates: from biosynthesis to applications. Biotechnol Lett 2006; 28:1701-12. [PMID: 16912921 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-006-9156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2006] [Accepted: 07/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alginate is a polysaccharide belonging to the family of linear (unbranched), non-repeating copolymers, consisting of variable amounts of beta-D-mannuronic acid and its C5-epimer alpha- L-guluronic acid linked via beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Like DNA, alginate is a negatively charged polymer, imparting material properties ranging from viscous solutions to gel-like structures in the presence of divalent cations. Bacterial alginates are synthesized by only two bacterial genera, Pseudomonas and Azotobacter, and have been extensively studied over the last 40 years. While primarily synthesized in form of polymannuronic acid, alginate undergoes chemical modifications comprising acetylation and epimerization, which occurs during periplasmic transfer and before final export through the outer membrane. Alginate with its unique material properties and characteristics has been increasingly considered as biomaterial for medical applications. The genetic modification of alginate producing microorganisms could enable biotechnological production of new alginates with unique, tailor-made properties, suitable for medical and industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Remminghorst
- Institute of Molecular BioSciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|