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Szeifert V, Kolonics F, Bartos B, Khamari D, Vági P, Barna L, Ligeti E, Lőrincz ÁM. Mac-1 Receptor Clustering Initiates Production of Pro-Inflammatory, Antibacterial Extracellular Vesicles From Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671995. [PMID: 34456905 PMCID: PMC8397541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Depending on the prevailing environmental conditions, neutrophilic granulocytes release extracellular vesicles (EV) which have either anti-inflammatory effects on other neutrophils or pro-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. In the present study we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the biogenesis of functionally heterogenic EVs. We show that selective stimulation of Mac-1 integrin (complement receptor 3) by specific ligands initiates the generation of EVs which are able to impair bacterial growth and to induce the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 (aEV). However, direct Mac-1 stimulation results in aEV release only if neutrophils were activated on ligand coated surfaces whereas soluble ligands are ineffective. Using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microcopy, an increased clustering of Mac-1 molecules could be visualized in neutrophils added to C3bi coated surfaces; moreover antibody induced cluster formation triggers aEV release as well. Mac-1 induced production of aEV apparently necessitates a strong calcium signal as it fully depends on the presence of extracellular calcium. However, initiation of a strong calcium signal by an ionophore only results the generation of EV devoid of any antibacterial or pro-inflammatory effect. Our results thus demonstrate that stimulation and clustering of Mac-1 is necessary and sufficient for initiation of aEV biogenesis. In contrast, an intracellular calcium signal is necessary but by itself not sufficient for the production of antibacterial and pro-inflammatory EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferenc Kolonics
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Bartos
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Delaram Khamari
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Vági
- Nikon Center of Excellence, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Barna
- Nikon Center of Excellence, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Ligeti
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos M Lőrincz
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Second Department of Internal Medicine, Szent György Hospital, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
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2
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Vandendriessche S, Cambier S, Proost P, Marques PE. Complement Receptors and Their Role in Leukocyte Recruitment and Phagocytosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624025. [PMID: 33644062 PMCID: PMC7905230 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is deeply embedded in our physiology and immunity. Complement activation generates a multitude of molecules that converge simultaneously on the opsonization of a target for phagocytosis and activation of the immune system via soluble anaphylatoxins. This response is used to control microorganisms and to remove dead cells, but also plays a major role in stimulating the adaptive immune response and the regeneration of injured tissues. Many of these effects inherently depend on complement receptors expressed on leukocytes and parenchymal cells, which, by recognizing complement-derived molecules, promote leukocyte recruitment, phagocytosis of microorganisms and clearance of immune complexes. Here, the plethora of information on the role of complement receptors will be reviewed, including an analysis of how this functionally and structurally diverse group of molecules acts jointly to exert the full extent of complement regulation of homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Vandendriessche
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seppe Cambier
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pedro E Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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3
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Garzon Dasgupta AK, Martyanov AA, Filkova AA, Panteleev MA, Sveshnikova AN. Development of a Simple Kinetic Mathematical Model of Aggregation of Particles or Clustering of Receptors. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E97. [PMID: 32604803 PMCID: PMC7345685 DOI: 10.3390/life10060097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of clustering of plasma membrane receptors in response to their agonist is the first step in signal transduction. The rate of the clustering process and the size of the clusters determine further cell responses. Here we aim to demonstrate that a simple 2-differential equation mathematical model is capable of quantitative description of the kinetics of 2D or 3D cluster formation in various processes. Three mathematical models based on mass action kinetics were considered and compared with each other by their ability to describe experimental data on GPVI or CR3 receptor clustering (2D) and albumin or platelet aggregation (3D) in response to activation. The models were able to successfully describe experimental data without losing accuracy after switching between complex and simple models. However, additional restrictions on parameter values are required to match a single set of parameters for the given experimental data. The extended clustering model captured several properties of the kinetics of cluster formation, such as the existence of only three typical steady states for this system: unclustered receptors, receptor dimers, and clusters. Therefore, a simple kinetic mass-action-law-based model could be utilized to adequately describe clustering in response to activation both in 2D and in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei K. Garzon Dasgupta
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.G.D.); (A.A.M.); (A.A.F.); (M.A.P.)
- National Medical Research Centеr of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, 1 Samory Mashela St, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Martyanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.G.D.); (A.A.M.); (A.A.F.); (M.A.P.)
- National Medical Research Centеr of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, 1 Samory Mashela St, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Biochemical Physics (IBCP), Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Russian Federation, Kosyigina 4, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Сhemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya str., 109029 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra A. Filkova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.G.D.); (A.A.M.); (A.A.F.); (M.A.P.)
- National Medical Research Centеr of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, 1 Samory Mashela St, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Сhemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya str., 109029 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Panteleev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.G.D.); (A.A.M.); (A.A.F.); (M.A.P.)
- National Medical Research Centеr of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, 1 Samory Mashela St, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Сhemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya str., 109029 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskii per., 141700 Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
| | - Anastasia N. Sveshnikova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/2 Leninskie gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.G.D.); (A.A.M.); (A.A.F.); (M.A.P.)
- National Medical Research Centеr of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, 1 Samory Mashela St, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Сhemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya str., 109029 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8/2 Trubetskaya St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Tahir M, Arshid S, Fontes B, Castro MS, Luz IS, Botelho KLR, Sidoli S, Schwämmle V, Roepstorff P, Fontes W. Analysis of the Effect of Intestinal Ischemia and Reperfusion on the Rat Neutrophils Proteome. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:89. [PMID: 30555831 PMCID: PMC6281993 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury is a model system of possible consequences of severe trauma and surgery, which might result into tissue dysfunction and organ failure. Neutrophils contribute to the injuries preceded by ischemia and reperfusion. However, the mechanisms by which intestinal ischemia and reperfusion stimulate and activate circulating neutrophils is still not clear. In this work, we used proteomics approach to explore the underlying regulated mechanisms in Wistar rat neutrophils after ischemia and reperfusion. We isolated neutrophils from three different biological groups; control, sham laparotomy, and intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. In the workflow, we included iTRAQ-labeling quantification and peptide fractionation using HILIC prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. From proteomic analysis, we identified 2,045 proteins in total that were grouped into five different clusters based on their regulation trend between the experimental groups. A total of 417 proteins were found as significantly regulated in at least one of the analyzed conditions. Interestingly, the enzyme prediction analysis revealed that ischemia/reperfusion significantly reduced the relative abundance of most of the antioxidant and pro-survival molecules to cause more tissue damage and ROS production whereas some of the significantly up regulated enzymes were involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement, adhesion and migration. Clusters based KEGG pathways analysis revealed high motility, phagocytosis, directional migration, and activation of the cytoskeletal machinery in neutrophils after ischemia and reperfusion. Increased ROS production and decreased phagocytosis were experimentally validated by microscopy assays. Taken together, our findings provide a characterization of the rat neutrophil response to intestinal ischemia and reperfusion and the possible mechanisms involved in the tissue injury by neutrophils after intestinal ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tahir
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Samina Arshid
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Laboratory of Surgical Physiopathology (LIM-62), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Belchor Fontes
- Laboratory of Surgical Physiopathology (LIM-62), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Castro
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Isabelle S Luz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Katyelle L R Botelho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Veit Schwämmle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Roepstorff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
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5
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Badior KE, Casey JR. Molecular mechanism for the red blood cell senescence clock. IUBMB Life 2017; 70:32-40. [PMID: 29240292 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lacking protein synthesis machinery and organelles necessary for autophagy or apoptosis, aged red blood cells (RBCs) are marked by circulating auto-antibodies for macrophage-mediated clearance. The antigen recognized by these auto-antibodies is the major protein of the RBC membrane, Band 3. To ensure regulation and specificity in clearance, the molecular "clock" must mark senescent cells in a way that differentiates them from younger cells, to prevent premature clearance. Predominant models of Band 3 senescence signaling are reviewed, and merits are discussed in light of the recently published crystal structure of the Band 3 membrane domain. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 70(1):32-40, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Badior
- Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph R Casey
- Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Salmela M, Rappu P, Lilja J, Niskanen H, Taipalus E, Jokinen J, Heino J. Tumor promoter PMA enhances kindlin-2 and decreases vimentin recruitment into cell adhesion sites. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:22-30. [PMID: 27373681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phorbol diester PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) is a well-known promoter of tumor progression. PMA also regulates cell adhesion by several mechanisms including conformational activation of integrins and integrin clustering. Here, PMA was shown to induce lamellipodia formation and reorganization of the adhesion sites as well as actin and vimentin filaments independently of integrin preactivation. To further analyze the mechanism of PMA action, the protein composition in the α1β1 integrin/collagen IV adhesion sites was analyzed by mass spectrometry and proteomics. In four independent experiments we observed the reduced recruitment of vimentin in relation to integrin α1 subunit. This was in full agreement with the fact that we also detected the retraction of vimentin from cell adhesions by confocal microscopy. Furthermore, the accumulation of kindlin-2 into cell adhesions was significantly increased after PMA treatment. Kindlin-2 siRNA inhibited cell spreading as well as the formation of actin fibrils and cell adhesions, but did not prevent the effect of PMA on lamellipodia formation. Thus, kindlin-2 recruitment was considered to be a consequence rather than the primary cause for the loss of connection between vimentin and the adhesion sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Salmela
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Rappu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Lilja
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Niskanen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Taipalus
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Jokinen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jyrki Heino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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7
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Kabanov DS, Grachev SV, Prokhorenko IR. Role of CD11b/CD18 in priming of human leukocytes by endotoxin glycoforms from Escherichia coli. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:812-9. [PMID: 25365491 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914080094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to determine the role of β2 integrin α-subunit (CD11b) in the mechanism of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PML) priming by S or Re endotoxin glycoforms from Escherichia coli for fMLP-induced respiratory burst. Similar priming activity of S and Re endotoxin glycoforms for fMLP-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation from primed PML was found. Anti-CD11b antibodies (clone ICRF 44) as well as isotype-matched immunoglobulin G1 (clone MOPC-21) do not influence the fMLP-induced ROS generation from unprimed PML. Antibodies against CD11b do not change fMLP-induced ROS generation from endotoxin-primed PML as well. The involvement of different isoforms of Fcγ receptors in fMLP-induced ROS generation from activated PML is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Kabanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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Robert P, Touchard D, Bongrand P, Pierres A. Biophysical description of multiple events contributing blood leukocyte arrest on endothelium. Front Immunol 2013; 4:108. [PMID: 23750158 PMCID: PMC3654224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood leukocytes have a remarkable capacity to bind to and stop on specific blood vessel areas. Many studies have disclosed a key role of integrin structural changes following the interaction of rolling leukocytes with surface-bound chemoattractants. However, the functional significance of structural data and mechanisms of cell arrest are incompletely understood. Recent experiments revealed the unexpected complexity of several key steps of cell-surface interaction: (i) ligand-receptor binding requires a minimum amount of time to proceed and this is influenced by forces. (ii) Also, molecular interactions at interfaces are not fully accounted for by the interaction properties of soluble molecules. (iii) Cell arrest depends on nanoscale topography and mechanical properties of the cell membrane, and these properties are highly dynamic. Here, we summarize these results and we discuss their relevance to recent functional studies of integrin-receptor association in cells from a patient with type III leukocyte adhesion deficiency. It is concluded that an accurate understanding of all physical events listed in this review is needed to unravel the precise role of the multiple molecules and biochemical pathway involved in arrest triggering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Robert
- Laboratoire Adhésion and Inflammation, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Marseille, France ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Marseille, France ; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Conception Marseille, France
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9
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Klammt C, Lillemeier BF. How membrane structures control T cell signaling. Front Immunol 2012; 3:291. [PMID: 23055999 PMCID: PMC3458435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and biochemical studies have identified a large number of molecules involved in T cell signaling. They have provided us with a comprehensive understanding of protein-protein interactions and protein modifications that take place upon antigen recognition. Diffraction limited fluorescence microscopy has been used to study the distribution of signaling molecules on a cellular level. Specifically, the discovery of microclusters and the immunological synapse demonstrates that T cell signaling cascades utilizes spatial association and segregation. Recent advancements in live cell imaging have allowed us to visualize the spatio-temporal mechanisms of T cell signaling at nanometer scale resolution. This led to the discovery that proteins are organized in distinct membrane domains prior and during T cell activation. Evidently, plasma membrane structures and signaling molecule distributions at all length scales (molecular to cellular) are intrinsic to the mechanisms that govern signaling initiation, transduction, and inhibition. Here we provide an overview of possible plasma membrane models, molecular assemblies that have been described to date, how they can be visualized and how they might contribute to T cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Björn F. Lillemeier
- Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological StudiesLa Jolla, CA, USA
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Lo Schiavo V, Robert P, Limozin L, Bongrand P. Quantitative modeling assesses the contribution of bond strengthening, rebinding and force sharing to the avidity of biomolecule interactions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44070. [PMID: 23024747 PMCID: PMC3443103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion is mediated by numerous membrane receptors. It is desirable to derive the outcome of a cell-surface encounter from the molecular properties of interacting receptors and ligands. However, conventional parameters such as affinity or kinetic constants are often insufficient to account for receptor efficiency. Avidity is a qualitative concept frequently used to describe biomolecule interactions: this includes incompletely defined properties such as the capacity to form multivalent attachments. The aim of this study is to produce a working description of monovalent attachments formed by a model system, then to measure and interpret the behavior of divalent attachments under force. We investigated attachments between antibody-coated microspheres and surfaces coated with sparse monomeric or dimeric ligands. When bonds were subjected to a pulling force, they exhibited both a force-dependent dissociation consistent with Bell’s empirical formula and a force- and time-dependent strengthening well described by a single parameter. Divalent attachments were stronger and less dependent on forces than monovalent ones. The proportion of divalent attachments resisting a force of 30 piconewtons for at least 5 s was 3.7 fold higher than that of monovalent attachments. Quantitative modeling showed that this required rebinding, i.e. additional bond formation between surfaces linked by divalent receptors forming only one bond. Further, experimental data were compatible with but did not require stress sharing between bonds within divalent attachments. Thus many ligand-receptor interactions do not behave as single-step reactions in the millisecond to second timescale. Rather, they exhibit progressive stabilization. This explains the high efficiency of multimerized or clustered receptors even when bonds are only subjected to moderate forces. Our approach provides a quantitative way of relating binding avidity to measurable parameters including bond maturation, rebinding and force sharing, provided these parameters have been determined. Also, this provides a quantitative description of the phenomenon of bond strengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Lo Schiavo
- Aix-Marseille Université, LAI, Marseille, France
- Inserm UMR 1067, LAI, Marseille France
- CNRS UMR 7333, LAI, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Robert
- Aix-Marseille Université, LAI, Marseille, France
- Inserm UMR 1067, LAI, Marseille France
- CNRS UMR 7333, LAI, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Limozin
- Aix-Marseille Université, LAI, Marseille, France
- Inserm UMR 1067, LAI, Marseille France
- CNRS UMR 7333, LAI, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Bongrand
- Aix-Marseille Université, LAI, Marseille, France
- Inserm UMR 1067, LAI, Marseille France
- CNRS UMR 7333, LAI, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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Prashar A, Bhatia S, Tabatabaeiyazdi Z, Duncan C, Garduño RA, Tang P, Low DE, Guyard C, Terebiznik MR. Mechanism of invasion of lung epithelial cells by filamentousLegionella pneumophila. Cell Microbiol 2012; 14:1632-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2012.01828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonam Bhatia
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Toronto at Scarborough; Toronto; ON; M1C 1A4; Canada
| | | | - Carla Duncan
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion; Toronto; ON; M9P 3T1; Canada
| | - Rafael A. Garduño
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Medicine - Division of Infectious Diseases; Dalhousie University; Halifax; NS; B3H 1X5; Canada
| | - Patrick Tang
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion; Toronto; ON; M9P 3T1; Canada
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12
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Abstract
Receptor-mediated phagocytosis is a complex process that mediates the internalization, by a cell, of other cells and large particles; this is an important physiological event not only in mammals, but in a wide diversity of organisms. Of simple unicellular organisms that use phagocytosis to extract nutrients, to complex metazoans in which phagocytosis is essential for the innate defence system, as a first line of defence against invading pathogens, as well as for the clearance of damaged, dying or dead cells. Evolution has armed multicellular organisms with a range of receptors expressed on many cells that serve as the molecular basis to bring about phagocytosis, regardless of the organism or the specific physiological event concerned. Key to all phagocytic processes is the finely controlled rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, in which Ca(2+) signals play a major role. Ca(2+) is involved in cytoskeletal changes by affecting the actions of a number of contractile proteins, as well as being a cofactor for the activation of a number of intracellular signalling molecules, which are known to play important roles during the initiation, progression and resolution of the phagocytic process. In mammals, the requirement of Ca(2+) for the initial steps in phagocytosis, and the subsequent phagosome maturation, can be quite different depending on the type of cell and on the type of receptor that is driving phagocytosis. In this review we discuss the different receptors that mediate professional and non-professional phagocytosis, and discuss the role of Ca(2+) in the different steps of this complex process.
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13
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Robert P, Benoliel AM, Pierres A, Bongrand P. What is the biological relevance of the specific bond properties revealed by single-molecule studies? J Mol Recognit 2008; 20:432-47. [PMID: 17724759 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, many authors took advantage of new methodologies based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), biomembrane force probes (BFPs), laminar flow chambers or optical traps to study at the single-molecule level the formation and dissociation of bonds between receptors and ligands attached to surfaces. Experiments provided a wealth of data revealing the complexity of bond response to mechanical forces and the dependence of bond rupture on bond history. These results supported the existence of multiple binding states and/or reaction pathways. Also, single bond studies allowed us to monitor attachments mediated by a few bonds. The aim of this review is to discuss the impact of this new information on our understanding of biological molecules and phenomena. The following points are discussed: (i) which parameters do we need to know in order to predict the behaviour of an encounter between receptors and ligands, (ii) which information is actually yielded by single-molecule studies and (iii) is it possible to relate this information to molecular structure?
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Abstract
A number of recent studies have shown that endocytosis of Notch ligands is required for activation of Notch. There are at least two broad models that account for how Delta endocytosis in one cell might contribute to activation of Notch in the neighboring cell. The first class of models is related to the possibility that Delta endocytosis facilitates S2 cleavage and removal of the Notch extracellular domain, a critical step in Notch activation. A second class of models is related to the possibility that Delta ubiquitylation and endocytosis facilitates interactions between Delta and Notch. In the second set of models, Delta undergoes endocytosis and its subsequent trafficking back to the surface, following modifications or some change in the context in which it is presented, makes Delta a more effective ligand. Though it is still not clear how either or both mechanisms contribute, recent evidence points to the importance of both endocytosis and recycling in Delta signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chitnis
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, 3B 315, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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15
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Méndez-Vilas A, Gallardo-Moreno AM, González-Martín ML. Nano-mechanical exploration of the surface and sub-surface of hydrated cells of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2006; 89:373-86. [PMID: 16779634 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-005-9041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The surface of hydrated cells of Staphylococcus epidermidis has been probed using an atomic force microscope. While local force measurements over the surface of bacteria reveal a heterogeneous chemical surface, with heterogeneous mechanical properties, different kinds of force curves appear with high frequency, and are thought to provide information on features contributing strongly to the overall mechanical and surface behaviour of the cell. Force curves often present two different mechanical regimes, being the first one (outer) of about 48 nm thick, and presenting a local relative elasticity of about 0.08 N/m, which is about a third of the relative elasticity of the inner part of the cell wall, harder, with a relative elasticity of about 0.24 N/m, in water. Both regimes appears as straight lines in the force versus distance curves (the 'corresponding' stress-strain curves in contact mechanics), but hysteresis is observed between the approach and the retraction line in the inner regime, indicating a degree of viscoelasticity. No viscoelasticity is observed in the outer regime, however, which presents quite linear and juxtaposed approach-retraction lines. These kinds of force curves do not present measurable pull-off forces nor snap-in forces, which indicates an almost null interaction between tip and bacterial surface, which could be in agreement with the measured very high hydrophobicity of this strain. Another kind of force curve has been observed recurrently, showing peaks in the retraction curves. Adhesive pull-off forces were measured giving an average of about 2 nN. Interestingly, however, these force curves appear only when quite irregular and wavy retraction curves are present, from the very beginning of its trace (maximum indentation). This leads us to think that these pull-off forces measured by our AFM do not give information on surface forces-unbinding events at the surface of the bacteria, but could be related to events at the sub-surface of the cell surface. Oscillations seen in the retraction curve in the portion corresponding to the contact with the bacteria surface could be due to rupture phenomena within the multilayered cell wall architecture expected in Gram-positive bacteria as Staphylococcus epidermidis, which could result in local irreversible deformations of the cell surface. Imaging with a sharp tip in contact mode sometimes leads to surface damage. Force curves recorded over damaged parts of the cell surface showed a completely different behaviour, in many cases with two well-defined high-adhesion peaks, and also interestingly, with snap-in forces of about 0-2 nN, which seems to indicate a completely different electrical/hydrophobicity state only a few nanometers down from the surface. Similar indentation effects can occur in the contact of a bacterial cell with a solid surface, even when showing only atomic-molecular-scale roughness, thus interacting not only with the very surface of the cell, especially when soft layers are present in the outer. Our results highlight the importance of the cell surface mechanical properties and their interplay with purely surface properties when analyzing cell-material interaction, and show the AFM as a useful method for investigating this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Méndez-Vilas
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06071, Badajoz, Spain.
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16
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Herrero MB, Mandal A, Digilio LC, Coonrod SA, Maier B, Herr JC. Mouse SLLP1, a sperm lysozyme-like protein involved in sperm-egg binding and fertilization. Dev Biol 2005; 284:126-42. [PMID: 15982649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2004] [Revised: 05/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the retention of mouse sperm lysozyme-like protein (mSLLP1) in the equatorial segment of spermatozoa following the acrosome reaction and a role for mSLLP1 in sperm-egg binding and fertilization. Treatment of cumulus intact oocytes with either recmSLLP1 or its antiserum resulted in a significant (P < or = 0.05) inhibition of fertilization. Co-incubation of zona-free mouse oocytes with capacitated mouse spermatozoa in the presence of varying concentrations of anti-recmSLLP1 serum or recmSLLP1 also inhibited sperm-oolemma binding. A complete inhibition of binding and fusion of spermatozoa to the oocyte occurred at 12.5 muM concentration of recmSLLP1, while conventional chicken and human lysozymes did not block sperm-egg binding. mSLLP1 showed receptor sites in the perivitelline space as well as on the microvillar region of the egg plasma membrane. The retention of mSLLP1 in the equatorial segment of acrosome-reacted sperm, the inhibitory effects of both recmSLLP1 and antibodies to SLLP1 on in vitro fertilization with both cumulus intact and zona-free eggs, and the definition of complementary SLLP1-binding sites on the egg plasma membrane together support the hypothesis that a c lysozyme-like protein is involved in the binding of spermatozoa to the egg plasma membrane during fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Herrero
- Center for Research in Contraceptive and Reproductive Health, Department of Cell Biology, P.O. Box 800732, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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17
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Pillai DR, Kain KC. Entamoeba histolytica: identification of a distinct beta2 integrin-like molecule with a potential role in cellular adherence. Exp Parasitol 2005; 109:135-42. [PMID: 15713444 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2004.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2002] [Revised: 11/30/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica infection causes dysentery, intestinal colitis, and hepatic abscess in an estimated 50 million people worldwide. Attachment of E. histolytica trophozoites to intestinal epithelium and vascular endothelium during liver metastasis results in an inflammatory process. We report the identification of a distinct amebic beta2 integrin (CD18)-like molecule which affords adherence to TNF-alpha-activated endothelial cells. Data from flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence assays suggest the amebic beta2 integrin was localized to focal adhesion plates and was present in both E. histolytica and Entamoeba dispar. The amebic beta2 integrin appeared to be distinct from the amebic Gal/GalNAc lectin based on recombinant expression, amebic colocalization, and ELISA studies. Trophozoite adherence to endothelial cells expressing ICAM-1 (CD54) following activation with TNF-alpha or ICAM-1-transfected CHO cells was specifically inhibited with anti-CD18 or anti-CD54 MAbs. In summary, evidence in support of a distinct beta2 integrin-like molecule participating in amebic adherence to TNF-alpha-activated endothelial cells expressing ICAM-1 is presented. The presence of integrin-dependent binding may allow trophozoites to opportunistically adhere to activated intestinal epithelium or vascular endothelium expressing ICAM-1 during amebic colitis or hepatic abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Pillai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
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18
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BATOVA IN, IVANOVA MD, MOLLOVA MV, KYURKCHIEV SD. Human sperm surface glycoprotein involved in sperm-zona pellucida interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.1998.00104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Vitte J, Benoliel AM, Eymeric P, Bongrand P, Pierres A. Beta-1 integrin-mediated adhesion may be initiated by multiple incomplete bonds, thus accounting for the functional importance of receptor clustering. Biophys J 2005; 86:4059-74. [PMID: 15189901 PMCID: PMC1304306 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.103.038778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of cell integrin receptors involves modulation of membrane expression, shift between different affinity states, and topographical redistribution on the cell membrane. Here we attempted to assess quantitatively the functional importance of receptor clustering. We studied beta-1 integrin-mediated attachment of THP-1 cells to fibronectin-coated surfaces under low shear flow. Cells displayed multiple binding events with a half-life of the order of 1 s. The duration of binding events after the first second after arrest was quantitatively accounted for by a model assuming the existence of a short-time intermediate binding state with 3.6 s(-1) dissociation rate and 1.3 s(-1) transition frequency toward a more stable state. Cell binding to surfaces coated with lower fibronectin densities was concluded to be mediated by single molecular interactions, whereas multiple bonds were formed <1 s after contact with higher fibronectin surface densities. Cell treatment with microfilament inhibitors or a neutral antiintegrin antibody decreased bond number without changing aforementioned kinetic parameters whereas a function enhancing antibody increased the rate of bond formation and/or the lifetime of intermediate state. Receptor aggregation was induced by treating cells with neutral antiintegrin antibody and antiimmunoglobulin antibodies. A semiquantitative confocal microscopy study suggested that this treatment increased between 40% and 100% the average number of integrin receptors located in a volume of approximately 0.045 microm(3) surrounding each integrin. This aggregation induced up to 2.7-fold increase of the average number of bonds. Flow cytometric analysis of fluorescent ligand binding showed that THP-1 cells displayed low-affinity beta-1 integrins with a dissociation constant in the micromolar range. It is concluded that the initial step of cell adhesion was mediated by multiple incomplete bonds rather than a single equilibrium-state ligand receptor association. This interpretation accounts for the functional importance of integrin clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vitte
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U600, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique FRE2059, Hopital de Ste-Marguerite, Marseille, France
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20
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Patcha V, Wigren J, Winberg ME, Rasmusson B, Li J, Särndahl E. Differential inside-out activation of beta2-integrins by leukotriene B4 and fMLP in human neutrophils. Exp Cell Res 2004; 300:308-19. [PMID: 15474996 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2004] [Revised: 06/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated how LTB4, an endogenous chemoattractant encountered early in the inflammatory process, and fMLP, a bacteria-derived chemotactic peptide emanating from the site of infection, mediate inside-out regulation of the beta2-integrin. The role of the two chemoattractants on beta2-integrin avidity was investigated by measuring their effect on beta2-integrin clustering and surface mobility, whereas their effect on beta2-integrin affinity was measured by the expression of a high affinity epitope, a ligand-binding domain on beta2-integrins, and by integrin binding to s-ICAM. We find that the two chemoattractants modulate the beta2-integrin differently. LTB4 induces an increase in integrin clustering and surface mobility, but only a modest increase in integrin affinity. fMLP evokes a large increase in beta2-integrin affinity as well as in clustering and mobility. Lipoxin, which acts as a stop signal for the functions mediated by pro-inflammatory agents, was used as a tool for further examining the inside-out mechanisms. While LTB4-induced integrin clustering and mobility were inhibited by lipoxin, only a minor inhibition of fMLP-induced beta2-integrin avidity and no inhibition of integrin affinity were detected. The different modes of the inside-out regulation of beta2-integrins suggest that distinct mechanisms are involved in the beta2-integrin modulation induced by various chemoattractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Patcha
- Division of Cell Biology/IBK, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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21
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Abstract
The interaction of particles with certain cell surface receptors initiates intracellular signalling pathways that ultimately lead to submembranous actin filament assembly, pseudopod extension, and the ingestion of the particles. Here, Steven Greenberg reviews recent evidence implicating various signalling events in phagocytosis--in particular, activation of tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase--and speculates how they might regulate the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Greenberg
- Dept of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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22
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Capo C, Moynault A, Collette Y, Olive D, Brown EJ, Raoult D, Mege JL. Coxiella burnetii avoids macrophage phagocytosis by interfering with spatial distribution of complement receptor 3. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:4217-25. [PMID: 12682255 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.8.4217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a highly localized event requiring the formation of spatially and temporally restricted signals. Numerous microorganisms have taken advantage of this property to invade host cells. Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that has developed a survival strategy in macrophages based on subversion of receptor-mediated phagocytosis. The uptake of C. burnetii is mediated by alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and is restricted by impaired cross-talk of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and complement receptor 3 (CR3) (CD11b/CD18). In this study, we showed that CR3 molecules remained outside the pseudopodal extensions induced by C. burnetii in THP-1 monocytes, although alpha(v)beta(3) integrin was present in the pseudopods. Chemoattractants such as RANTES restored CR3 localization to the front of pseudopodal extensions and increased C. burnetii phagocytosis, demonstrating that the localization of CR3 is critical for bacterial uptake. In addition, monocyte activation due to the expression of HIV-1 Nef protein also restored CR3-mediated phagocytosis of C. burnetii by allowing CR3 redistribution toward bacterial-induced pseudopods. The redistribution of CR3 and increased C. burnetii phagocytosis in THP-1 cells stimulated by RANTES or expressing Nef were associated with the inhibition of intracellular replication of C. burnetii. Hence, the localization of CR3 is critical for bacterial phagocytosis and also for the control of bacterial replication. This study describes a nonpreviously reported strategy of phagocytosis subversion by intracellular pathogens based on altered localization of monocyte receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Capo
- Unité des Rickettsies, Faculté de Médecine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6020, Marseille, France
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23
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Bansal VS, Vaidya S, Somers EP, Kanuga M, Shevell D, Weikel R, Detmers PA. Small molecule antagonists of complement receptor type 3 block adhesion and adhesion-dependent oxidative burst in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 304:1016-24. [PMID: 12604677 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.045286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The leukocyte integrin complement receptor type 3 (CR3, Mac-1, CD11b/CD18) is the predominant beta(2) integrin receptor of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). This cell surface receptor plays a central role in innate immunity against pathogens as well as being a major cellular effector of inflammation and tissue injury. Two small molecules, compounds 1 and 2, have been identified, that interact with CR3 and prevent CR3 from binding to its natural ligand, C3bi. Compounds 1 and 2 have IC(50) values of 0.14 and 0.33 microM, respectively, for the inhibition of binding of monomeric C3bi-alkaline phosphatase to immobilized CR3. Both compounds also inhibit binding of CR3 to biotinylated sheep red blood cells opsonized with C3bi, with IC(50) values in the micromolar range. Inhibition of ligand binding by the compounds is not easily reversed and requires light, suggesting the formation of a covalent adduct through photoactivation. Compounds 1 and 2 also inhibit adhesion of human PMNs to fibrinogen in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or PMA, with IC(50) values of 2.5 to >10 microM. They block the adhesion-dependent production of H(2)O(2) stimulated by TNF or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) with IC(50) values of 0.2 to 0.8 microM and 1 to 3 microM, respectively. Limited structure-activity relationship studies based on compound 2 indicate the importance of the two benzothiazole rings, an ethyl side chain, and the length of the carbon chain linking the rings. Further modification of these groups may help in making compounds appropriate for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay S Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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24
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van Spriel AB, van Ojik HH, Bakker A, Jansen MJH, van de Winkel JGJ. Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) is crucial for effective Fc receptor-mediated immunity to melanoma. Blood 2003; 101:253-8. [PMID: 12485936 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v101.1.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-reliant destruction of tumor cells by immune effector cells is mediated by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, in which Fc receptor (FcR) engagement is crucial. This study documents an important role for the beta(2) integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) in FcR-mediated protection against melanoma. CD11b-deficient mice, those that lack Mac-1, were less protected by melanoma-specific monoclonal antibody TA99 than wild-type (WT) mice. Significantly more lung metastases and higher tumor loads were observed in Mac-1(-/-) mice. Histologic analyses revealed no differences in neutrophil infiltration of lung tumors between Mac-1(-/-) and WT mice. Importantly, Mac-1(-/-) phagocytes retained the capacity to bind tumor cells, implying that Mac-1 is essential during actual FcR-mediated cytotoxicity. In summary, this study documents Mac-1 to be required for FcR-mediated antimelanoma immunity in vivo and, furthermore, supports a role for neutrophils in melanoma rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemiek B van Spriel
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Abstract
Integrins are alphabeta heterodimeric cell-surface receptors that are vital to the survival and function of nucleated cells. They recognize aspartic-acid- or a glutamic-acid-based sequence motifs in structurally diverse ligands. Integrin recognition of most ligands is divalent cation dependent and conformationally sensitive. In addition to this common property, there is an underlying binding specificity between integrins and ligands for which there has been no structural basis. The recently reported crystal structures of the extracellular segment of an integrin in its unliganded state and in complex with a prototypical Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) ligand have provided an atomic basis for cation-mediated binding of aspartic-acid-based ligands to integrins. They also serve as a basis for modelling other integrins in complex with larger physiologic ligands. These models provide new insights into the molecular basis for ligand binding specificity in integrins and its regulation by activation-driven tertiary and quaternary changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amin Arnaout
- Renal Unit, Leukocyte Biology and Inflammation Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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26
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Myou S, Zhu X, Boetticher E, Qin Y, Myo S, Meliton A, Lambertino A, Munoz NM, Hamann KJ, Leff AR. Regulation of adhesion of AML14.3D10 cells by surface clustering of beta2-integrin caused by ERK-independent activation of cPLA2. Immunology 2002; 107:77-85. [PMID: 12225365 PMCID: PMC1782764 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2002.01486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the role of cell surface clustering of beta2-integrin caused by protein kinase C (PKC)-activated-cPLA2 in adhesion of eosinophilic AML14.3D10 (AML) cells. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) caused time- and concentration-dependent adhesion of AML cells to plated bovine serum albumin (BSA), which was blocked by anti-CD11b or anti-CD18 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against beta2-integrin. Inhibition of PKC with Ro-31-8220 or rottlerin blocked PMA-induced cell adhesion in a concentration-dependent fashion. Inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) with trifluoromethyl ketone or methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate also blocked PMA-induced cell adhesion. PMA caused time-dependent p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (ERK) phosphorylation in these cells. U0126, a MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, at the concentrations that blocked PMA-induced ERK phosphorylation, had no effect on PMA stimulated AML cell adhesion. Neither p38 MAPK nor c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was phosphorylated by PMA. PMA also caused increased cPLA2 activity, which was inhibited by Ro-31-8220, but not U0126. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy showed that PMA caused clustering of CD11b on the cell surface, which was blocked by either PKC or cPLA2 inhibition. PMA stimulation also caused up-regulation of CD11b on the AML cell surface. However, this up-regulation was not affected by cPLA2- or PKC-inhibition. Using the mAb, CBRM1/5, we also demonstrated that PMA does not induce the active conformation of CD11b/CD18. Our data indicate that PMA causes AML cell adhesion through beta2-integrin by PKC activation of cPLA2. This pathway is independent of MEK/ERK and does not require change of CD11b/CD18 to its active conformation. We find that avidity caused by integrin surface clustering - rather than conformational change or up-regulation of CD11b/CD18 - causes PMA stimulated adhesion of AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Myou
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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27
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Djaldetti M, Salman H, Bergman M, Djaldetti R, Bessler H. Phagocytosis--the mighty weapon of the silent warriors. Microsc Res Tech 2002; 57:421-31. [PMID: 12112425 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Professional phagocytes, comprising polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocyte/macrophage cells, play an important role in the host defense. Any defect in their function exposes the organism to microbial intruders terminating in fatal diseases. The functional responses of the phagocytes to bacterial and fungal infections include chemotaxis, actin assembly, migration, adhesion, aggregation, phagocytosis, degranulation, and reactive oxygen species production. Superoxide generation by phagocytic NADPH oxidase is an imperative step toward bacterial killing. Phagocytes participate in inflammatory reactions and exert tumoricidal activity. They are supported by serum factors such as immunoglobulins, cytokines, complement, the acute phase reactant C-reactive protein, production of antibacterial proteins, and others. In addition to their principal task to eliminate bacteria, they are engaged in removing damaged, senescent, and apoptotic cells. Engulfed cell debris, large particles such as latex beads, fat, and oil droplets, are examples of phagocytic activity illustrated in the present review with transmission and scanning electron microscope micrographs. Numerous factors, such as diseases and stressful conditions, affect the engulfing activity of the professional phagocytes. Our experience regarding the impaired phagocytic capacity of cells in patients with diabetes and chronic renal failure is discussed. The results obtained in our laboratory from experiments detecting the effect of strenuous physical exercise, hypothermia, fasting, and abdominal photon irradiation on the phagocytic capacity of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and rat peritoneal macrophages are hereby summarized and the reports on those subjects in the recent literature are reviewed. A variety of assays are applied for quantifying phagocytosis. Flow cytometry based on incubation of phagocytic cells with fluorescent conjugated particles and measuring the amount of fluorescence as an indicator of the engulfing capacity of the cells is a useful method. A direct visualization of the ingested particles using light or electron microscopy is a valuable tool for estimation of phagocytic function. In our hands, the use of semithin sections of embedded phagocytes following their incubation with latex particles provided satisfactory results for measuring the total number of phagocytic cells, as well as the internalizing capacity of each individual cell. Microbiological assays, the nitroblue tetrazolium test, quantitation of antibody- and antigen-mediated phagocytosis, as well as methods reviewed in detail in other reports are additional applications for determination of this intricate process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meir Djaldetti
- Laboratory for Immunology and Hematology Research, Rabin Medical Center, Golda Campus, Petah Tiqva, Israel.
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28
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Hespanhol MR, Mantovani B. Phagocytosis by macrophages mediated by receptors for denatured proteins - dependence on tyrosine protein kinases. Braz J Med Biol Res 2002; 35:383-9. [PMID: 11887218 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2002000300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that some components of the leukocyte cell membrane, CR3 (Mac-1, CD11b/CD18) and p150/95, are able to bind to denatured proteins. Thus, it is of interest to know which effector functions of these cells can be triggered by these receptors when they interact with particles or surfaces covered with denatured proteins. In the present study we analyzed their possible role as mediators of phagocytosis of red cells covered with denatured bovine serum albumin (BSA) by mouse peritoneal macrophages. We observed that a) macrophages are able to recognize (bind to) these red cells, b) this interaction can be inhibited by denatured BSA in the fluid phase, c) there is no phagocytosis of these particles by normal macrophages, d) phagocytosis mediated by denatured BSA can be, however, effectively triggered in inflammatory macrophages induced by glycogen or in macrophages activated in vivo with LPS, and e) this phagocytic capacity is strongly dependent on the activity of tyrosine protein kinases in its signal transduction pathway, as demonstrated by using three kinds of enzyme inhibitors (genistein, quercetin and herbimycin A).
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Hespanhol
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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29
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Feldhaus MJ, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA, McIntyre TM. Ceramide generation in situ alters leukocyte cytoskeletal organization and beta 2-integrin function and causes complete degranulation. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:4285-93. [PMID: 11706024 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m106653200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide levels increase in activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and here we show that endogenous ceramide induced degranulation and superoxide generation and increased surface beta(2)-integrin expression. Ceramide accumulation reveals a bifurcation in integrin function, as it abolished agonist-induced adhesion to planar surfaces, yet had little effect on homotypic aggregation. We increased cellular ceramide content by treating polymorphonuclear neutrophils with sphingomyelinase C and controlled for loss of sphingomyelin by pretreatment with sphingomyelinase D to generate ceramide phosphate, which is not a substrate for sphingomyelinase C. Pretreatment with the latter enzyme blocked all the effects of sphingomyelinase C. Ceramide generation caused a Ca(2+) flux and complete degranulation of both primary and secondary granules and increased surface beta(2)-integrin expression. These integrins were in a nonfunctional state, and subsequent activation with platelet-activating factor or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine induced beta(2)-integrin-dependent homotypic aggregation. However, these cells were completely unable to adhere to surfaces via beta(2)-integrins. This was not due to a defect in the integrins themselves because the active conformation could be achieved by cation switching. Rather, ceramide affected cytoskeletal organization and inside-out signaling, leading to affinity maturation. Cytochalasin D induced the same disparity between aggregation and surface adhesion. We conclude that ceramide affects F-actin rearrangement, leading to massive degranulation, and reveals differences in beta(2)-integrin-mediated adhesive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Feldhaus
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 8411, USA
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30
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Geng L, Rudd C. Adaptor ADAP (adhesion- and degranulation-promoting adaptor protein) regulates beta1 integrin clustering on mast cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 289:1135-40. [PMID: 11741310 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) activates a tyrosine phosphorylation cascade needed for enhanced adhesion and degranulation events on mast cells. We previously identified the adaptor ADAP (otherwise known as FYB/SLAP) as a modulator of integrin-mediated adhesion of T-cells and mast cells. However, the molecular basis for the effect on beta1 integrin adhesion on mast cells was unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that ADAP can promote the kinetics of beta1 integrin clustering on mast cells. By contrast, the clustering of the FcepsilonRI receptor was unaffected by transfected ADAP, indicating that the promoting effect on clustering was selective for beta1 integrins. These findings extend the modulatory effect of ADAP from beta2 to beta1 members of the integrin family, and provide a molecular basis for the modulatory effect of ADAP on mast cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Geng
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Piccardoni P, Sideri R, Manarini S, Piccoli A, Martelli N, de Gaetano G, Cerletti C, Evangelista V. Platelet/polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesion: a new role for SRC kinases in Mac-1 adhesive function triggered by P-selectin. Blood 2001; 98:108-16. [PMID: 11418469 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.1.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) to activated platelets requires a P-selectin-triggered, tyrosine kinase-dependent adhesiveness of Mac-1 and is accompanied by tyrosine phosphorylation of a 110-kd protein (P-110) in PMNLs. Inhibitors of SRC tyrosine kinases were found to inhibit PMNL adhesion to activated platelets or to P-selectin expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-P) cells and the tyrosine phosphorylation of P-110. Adhesion of PMNLs to activated platelets or to CHO-P cells stimulated activity of LYN and HCK. Monoclonal antibody blockade of P-selectin or beta2-integrins reduced the activation of both kinases. In PMNLs either adherent to platelets or aggregated by P-selectin-IgG chimera, Mac-1 was rapidly redistributed to the Triton X-100-insoluble cytoskeletal fraction, and large clusters of Mac-1 colocalized with patches of F-actin at the sites of cell-cell contact. In PMNLs stimulated by P-selectin-IgG chimera, SRC kinase inhibition impaired Mac-1 clustering, F-actin accumulation, and CD18 redistribution to the cytoskeleton. Disruption of the actin filament network by cytochalasin D prevented PMNL-platelet adhesion and P-selectin-induced PMNL aggregation and impaired the clustering of Mac-1. In agreement with the requirement for the beta2-integrin in the functional up-regulation of LYN and HCK, integrin blockade by monoclonal antibodies resulted in a complete inhibition of P-selectin-induced Mac-1 clustering and F-actin accumulation. Taken together, the results indicate that, after an initial P-selectin-triggered beta2-integrin interaction with the ligand, SRC kinases are activated and allow the remodeling of cytoskeleton-integrin linkages and integrin clustering that finally strengthen cell-cell adhesion. This model highlights a new role for SRC kinases in a regulatory loop by which the Mac-1 promotes its own adhesive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Piccardoni
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, "G.Bizzozero" Laboratory of Blood and Vascular Cell Interactions, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy.
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32
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Pellegatta F, Radaelli A, Heltai S, Yan L, Chierchia SL, Folli F. Evidence for the involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in fMLP-stimulated neutrophil adhesion to ICAM-1-transfected cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2001; 37:751-61. [PMID: 11392472 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200106000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) controls important intracellular steps involved in inflammation, immunity, and cell growth. PI-3K also modulates leukocyte integrin adhesiveness. In this study we evaluated the role of PI-3K on neutrophil adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-transfected cells. N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated neutrophil adhesion was inhibited by wortmannin and LY294002, two unrelated PI-3K inhibitors, whereas phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced neutrophil adhesion was not inhibited by them. After fMLP stimulation, a rapid activation of AKT and ERK was observed. However, only activation of AKT was reversed by the PI-3K inhibitors. Neutrophil expression of the beta2-integrins Mac-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1(LFA-1), and gp150.95 was not affected by wortmannin, nor was expression of the activation epitope recognized by MAB24. We conclude that (a) PI-3K is involved in fMLP-activated neutrophil adhesion to ICAM-1-transfected cells, (b) the mechanism involved is not mediated by the modulation of beta2-integrin expression or activation, and (c) another mechanism seems to involve the adhesion to ICAM-1 when a cellular system of adhesion is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pellegatta
- Department of Cardiology, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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33
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van Spriel AB, Leusen JH, van Egmond M, Dijkman HB, Assmann KJ, Mayadas TN, van de Winkel JG. Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) is essential for Fc receptor-mediated neutrophil cytotoxicity and immunologic synapse formation. Blood 2001; 97:2478-86. [PMID: 11290613 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.8.2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors for human immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA initiate potent cytolysis of antibody (Ab)-coated targets by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Mac-1 (complement receptor type 3, CD11b/CD18) has previously been implicated in receptor cooperation with Fc receptors (FcRs). The role of Mac-1 in FcR-mediated lysis of tumor cells was characterized by studying normal human PMNs, Mac-1-deficient mouse PMNs, and mouse PMNs transgenic for human FcR. All PMNs efficiently phagocytosed Ab-coated particles. However, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was abrogated in Mac-1(-/-) PMNs and in human PMNs blocked with anti-Mac-1 monoclonal Ab (mAb). Mac-1(-/-) PMNs were unable to spread on Ab-opsonized target cells and other Ab-coated surfaces. Confocal laser scanning and electron microscopy revealed a striking difference in immunologic synapse formation between Mac-1(-/-) and wild-type PMNs. Also, respiratory burst activity could be measured outside membrane-enclosed compartments by using Mac-1(-/-) PMNs bound to Ab-coated tumor cells, in contrast to wild-type PMNs. In summary, these data document an absolute requirement of Mac-1 for FcR-mediated PMN cytotoxicity toward tumor targets. Mac-1(-/-) PMNs exhibit defective spreading on Ab-coated targets, impaired formation of immunologic synapses, and absent tumor cytolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B van Spriel
- Immunotherapy Laboratory and Medarex Europe, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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34
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Abstract
The process of engulfing a foreign particle - phagocytosis - is of fundamental importance for a wide diversity of organisms. From simple unicellular organisms that use phagocytosis to obtain their next meal, to complex metazoans in which phagocytic cells represent an essential branch of the immune system, evolution has armed cells with a fantastic repertoire of molecules that serve to bring about this complex event. Regardless of the organism or specific molecules concerned, however, all phagocytic processes are driven by a finely controlled rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. A variety of signals can converge to locally reorganise the actin cytoskeleton at a phagosome, and there are significant similarities and differences between different organisms and between different engulfment processes within the same organism. Recent advances have demonstrated the complexity of phagocytic signalling, such as the involvement of phosphoinostide lipids and multicomponent signalling complexes in transducing signals from phagocytic receptors to the cytoskeleton. Similarly, a wide diversity of ‘effector molecules’ are now implicated in actin-remodelling downstream of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C May
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Pretzlaff RK, Xue VW, Rowin ME. Sialidase treatment exposes the beta1-integrin active ligand binding site on HL60 cells and increases binding to fibronectin. CELL ADHESION AND COMMUNICATION 2001; 7:491-500. [PMID: 11051459 DOI: 10.3109/15419060009040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The migration of neutrophils from the circulation to areas of inflammation is the result of the sequential activation of multiple cellular adhesion molecules. beta1-Integrins are cell surface glycoproteins and the class of adhesion molecules responsible for binding to the extracellular matrix. The goal of this study was to determine the contribution of glycosylation, specifically the presence of sialic acid, to beta1-integrin adhesion in a neutrophil model. beta1-Integrins on differentiated HL60 cells were remodeled by treatment with the exoglycosidases, sialidase and beta-galactosidase. beta1-Integrin activity was determined by measuring adherence to the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin. The expression of beta1-integrins, beta2-integrins and activated beta1-integrins was determined by flow cytometry. Remodeling of beta1-integrins by treatment with sialidase increased adhesion by greater than 1,000%. Flow cytometric analysis of remodeled beta1-integrins demonstrated an increased expression of the activated beta1-integrin, but only minor increases in the expression of total beta1- and beta2-integrins. We postulate that glycosidase treatment increases adhesion and expression of activated beta1-integrins by exposure of the normally hidden ligand-binding site. The glycosylation of beta1-integrins on neutrophils may act to hide the ligand-binding site in unstimulated cells thereby contributing to the affinity modulation observed in neutrophil beta1-integrin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Pretzlaff
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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36
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Davey PC, Zuzel M, Kamiguti AS, Hunt JA, Aziz KA. Activation-dependent proteolytic degradation of polymorphonuclear CD11b. Br J Haematol 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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37
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Tartakover-Matalon S, Shoham-Kessary H, Foltyn V, Gershon H. Receptors involved in the phagocytosis of senescent and diamide-oxidized human RBCs. Transfusion 2000; 40:1494-502. [PMID: 11134570 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40121494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senescent RBCs bear IgG and C3 opsonins that are three to four times less than required for similar phagocytosis of experimentally opsonized RBCs. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Studies were performed to determine the phagocyte receptors involved in phagocytosis in vitro. The effect of clustering of opsonins and oxidative damage in the sequestration of RBCs was studied by exposing RBCs to BS3 (bis[sulfosuccinimidyl]-suberate) and diamide (azodicarboxylic acid bis[dimethyl-amide]). RESULTS Sequestration of senescent RBCs was inhibited by the treatment of lymphokine-activated monocytes with N-acetyl-D-galactoseamine (GalNAc), arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD), or antibodies to CR3, FcgammaRI, FcgammaRII, leukocyte response integrin (LRI), and integrin-associated protein (IAP). Exposure to BS3 alone did not enhance phagocytosis. The addition of serum resulted in opsonin binding. The level of opsonization required for sequestration was higher than on senescent RBCs and was only marginally inhibited by blocking CR3, FcgammaRI and FcgammaRII. Diamide treatment alone did not lead to sequestration. Diamide-treated RBCs exposed to serum bound opsonin much as did senescent RBCs, and sequestration was inhibited by GalNAc, RGD, and antibodies to CR3, FcgammaRI, FcgammaRII, LRI, and IAP. CONCLUSION Membrane alterations resulting in the binding of opsonins and the sequestration of senescent RBCs may be similar to those that occur on diamide-oxidized RBCs. They suggest the need for cooperative events among oxidation, clustering and cross-linking, and serum opsonization.
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38
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Davey PC, Zuzel M, Kamiguti AS, Hunt JA, Aziz KA. Activation-dependent proteolytic degradation of polymorphonuclear CD11b. Br J Haematol 2000. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2000.02401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Greenstein S, Barnard J, Zhou K, Fong M, Hendey B. Fas activation reduces neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. J Leukoc Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.68.5.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Barnard
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
- Otsuka America Pharmaceuticals, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kairong Zhou
- Otsuka America Pharmaceuticals, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Miranda Fong
- Otsuka America Pharmaceuticals, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Bill Hendey
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
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40
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Hofman P, Le Negrate G, Mograbi B, Hofman V, Brest P, Alliana‐Schmid A, Flatau G, Boquet P, Rossi B. Escherichia coli
cytotoxic necrotizing factor‐1 (CNF‐1) increases the adherence to epithelia and the oxidative burst of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes but decreases bacteria phagocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.68.4.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hofman
- Laboratoire d’Anatomie‐Pathologique, Nice, France
- INSERM U364, and Nice, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gilles Flatau
- INSERM U452, IFR 50, Faculté de Médecine, Nice, France
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41
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Abstract
Cooperativity of molecular adhesion has been proposed as a mechanism for enhanced binding strength of adhesion molecules on the cell surface. Direct evidence for its mechanism, however, has been lacking until now. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the adhesive strength between concanavalin A (Con A) coupled to an AFM tip and Con A receptors on the surface of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. Cross-linking of receptors with either glutaraldehyde or 3, 3'-dithio-bis(sulfosuccinimidylproprionate) (DTSSP) led to an increase in adhesion that could be attributed to enhanced cooperativity among adhesion complexes. An increase in loading rate due to greater stiffness of fixed cells also contributed to the twofold increase in binding strength. These results show that receptor cross-linking can greatly contribute to a total increase in cell adhesion by creating a shift toward cooperative binding of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Neuroscience Program, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33136, USA
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42
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Abstract
Previous work has shown that treatment with hyperbaric oxygen significantly reduces neutrophil adhesion to postcapillary venules in a rat microcirculation model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. The mechanism of this process is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on neutrophil CD18 adhesion sites by flow cytometry in an animal model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. The gracilis muscle flap was raised in three groups of male Wistar rats: (1) a sham group (n = 25), (2) a group that underwent 4 hours of ischemia (n = 25), and (3) a group that underwent 4 hours of ischemia and received hyperbaric oxygen (100% 02, 2.5 atmospheres absolute, during the last 90 minutes of ischemia) (n = 25). Samples from one subgroup of each group (n = 5) were divided into two portions, and one portion was stimulated with phorbol-12 myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Samples from another subgroup of each group (n = 5) were treated in the same manner, and a flap flush was added at the end of reperfusion to determine the number of CD18 adhesion sites on adherent neutrophils remaining in the flap. Venous blood was drawn 10 minutes after the operation, at 5 minutes of reperfusion, and at 90 minutes of reperfusion. Hematocrit and white blood cell count were measured. Samples were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the antibody binding capacity was assessed using microbead standards and linear regression (antibody binding capacity was expressed as the mean number of sites per cell +/- SEM). Microbeads were used to align the flow cytometer and to provide external and internal standards. Ischemia-reperfusion injury increased the expression of CD18 by neutrophils (p < 0.05). Expression of CD18 was not decreased by hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Stimulation with PMA increased the expression of CD18 in all groups (p < 0.01). These results suggest that ischemia-reperfusion injury does increase the expression of CD18 by neutrophils. Hyperbaric oxygen, as administered in this experiment, did not prevent the increase in CD18 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Larson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Las Vegas 89102-2227, USA
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43
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Hofman P, Piche M, Far DF, Le Negrate G, Selva E, Landraud L, Alliana-Schmid A, Boquet P, Rossi B. Increased Escherichia coli phagocytosis in neutrophils that have transmigrated across a cultured intestinal epithelium. Infect Immun 2000; 68:449-55. [PMID: 10639403 PMCID: PMC97162 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.2.449-455.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionality of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) once they migrate into the digestive lumen is still ill defined. More specifically, phagocytic function and bactericidal action of PMNs after transepithelial migration have not received much attention. The aim of the present study is to compare PMN behavior before and after transepithelial migration, in particular (i) phagocytosis and bactericidal activity; (ii) expression of surface molecules, particularly those involved in phagocytosis; and (iii) apoptosis. Cultured human intestinal epithelial T84 cell monolayers were used. The effect of transepithelial migration on phagocytosis was evaluated by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy and by flow cytometric assessment of the engulfment of a strain of Escherichia coli transfected with the green fluorescent protein. Superoxide production by PMNs was investigated by luminol-mediated chemiluminescence. Expression of various surface molecules on PMNs was evaluated by flow cytometry, while PMN apoptosis was assayed by morphologic changes and DNA fragmentation. E. coli phagocytosis by the PMNs was markedly increased after transepithelial migration without modification of superoxide production. CD11b/CD18 and CD47 expression was increased upon PMN transmigration, whereas CD16 expression was decreased and CD29, CD46, CD49e, CD49f, CD55, CD59, CD61, CD95 levels remained unchanged. Apoptosis in transmigrated PMNs was slightly advanced and was observed after 12 h compared to 16 h for nontransmigrated PMNs. In conclusion, the phagocytic capacity of the PMNs is augmented after transepithelial migration, with a dramatic increase in the level of CD11b/CD18 and preservation of the superoxide production. These results suggest a higher bactericidal activity of the PMNs once they have translocated into the digestive lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hofman
- INSERM Unité 364, IFR 50, Faculté de Médecine de Nice, 06107 Nice Cedex 01, France.
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44
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Abstract
Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions are mediated by adhesion molecules, expression of which is modulated by cytokines and chemical mediators in the early phase of inflammatory and immunologic reactions, including the development of atherosclerosis. Vitamin E is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that is present in all cell membranes at a low concentration and is reported to be an anti-atherogenic agent. Recently, it was reported that vitamin E inhibits the activation of protein kinase C and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B). We demonstrated that vitamin E can prevent leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion by inhibiting signal transduction involved in the surface expression of adhesion molecules by leukocytes and endothelial cells. These results suggest that vitamin E may have a protective effect against the progression of inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshikawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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45
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Wang J, Brown EJ. Immune complex-induced integrin activation and L-plastin phosphorylation require protein kinase A. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:24349-56. [PMID: 10446213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.34.24349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins in resting leukocytes are poorly adhesive, and cell activation is required to induce integrin-mediated adhesion. We recently demonstrated a close correlation between phosphorylation of Ser(5) in L-plastin (LPL), a leukocyte-specific 67-kDa actin bundling protein, and activation of alpha(M)beta(2)-mediated adhesion in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) (Jones, S. L., Wang, J., Turck, C. W., and Brown, E. J. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95, 9331-9336). However, the kinase that phosphorylates LPL Ser(5) has not been identified. We found that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), but not a variety of other serine kinases, can specifically phosphorylate LPL and LPL-derived peptides on Ser(5) in vitro. The cell-permeable cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP and the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin both induce LPL phosphorylation in cells. Two PKA inhibitors, H89 and KT5720, inhibited immune complex (IC)-stimulated LPL phosphorylation as well as IC-induced activation of alpha(M)beta(2)-mediated adhesion in PMN. The dose response of H89 inhibition of PMN adhesion correlated with its inhibition of LPL phosphorylation in response to IC. IC stimulation also transiently increased intracellular cAMP concentration in PMN. Thus, PKA functions in an integrin activation pathway initiated by IC binding to Fcgamma receptors in addition to its better known role as a negative regulator of cell activation by G protein-coupled receptors. In contrast, LPL Ser(5) phosphorylation and PMN adhesion induced by formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine or phorbol myristate acetate were not affected by PKA inhibitors, suggesting that a different kinase(s) is responsible for LPL phosphorylation in response to these agonists. Phosphoinositidyl 3-kinase also is required for FcgammaR but not formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine- or phorbol myristate acetate-induced LPL phosphorylation and activation of alpha(M)beta(2). Two phosphoinositidyl 3-kinase inhibitors blocked FcgammaR-induced cAMP accumulation, demonstrating that this kinase acts upstream of PKA. These data demonstrate a necessary role for PKA in IC-induced integrin activation and LPL phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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46
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Kotovuori A, Pessa-Morikawa T, Kotovuori P, Nortamo P, Gahmberg CG. ICAM-2 and a Peptide from Its Binding Domain Are Efficient Activators of Leukocyte Adhesion and Integrin Affinity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.11.6613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cell adhesion mediated by the CD11/CD18 integrins and their ligands, the ICAMs, is required for many leukocyte functions. In resting cells the integrins are nonadhesive, but when activated they become adhesive for their ligands. Previous findings have shown that a peptide derived from the first Ig domain of ICAM-2 (P1) binds to LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) and activates leukocyte aggregation. Because its mechanism of action has remained poorly understood, we have now studied the peptide-induced ligand binding in detail. Here we show that P1 was able to induce CD11/CD18-dependent adhesion of human T lymphocytes to immobilized, purified ICAM-1, -2, and -3. The optimal peptide concentration was 150 μg/ml, whereas concentrations higher than 400 μg/ml did not have any stimulatory effect. The increase in adhesion was detectable within 10 min of treatment with the peptide; it was dependent on energy, divalent cations, temperature, and an intact cytoskeleton but was unaffected by protein kinase C and protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Peptide treatment resulted in strong stimulation of the binding of soluble, recombinant ICAMs to T lymphocytes, showing that the integrin affinity toward its ligands was increased. Importantly, soluble ICAM-2Fc was also able to induce T lymphocyte adhesion to purified ICAM-1, -2, and -3, and it was a more potent stimulatory molecule than ICAM-1Fc or ICAM-3Fc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Kotovuori
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Pessa-Morikawa
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Kotovuori
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Nortamo
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl G. Gahmberg
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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47
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Abstract
Phagocytosis is an uptake of large particles governed by the actin-based cytoskeleton. Binding of particles to specific cell surface receptors is the first step of phagocytosis. In higher Eucaryota, the receptors able to mediate phagocytosis are expressed almost exclusively in macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes, conferring immunodefence properties to these cells. Receptor clustering is thought to occur upon particle binding, that in turn generates a phagocytic signal. Several pathways of phagocytic signal transduction have been identified, including the activation of tyrosine kinases and (or) serine/threonine kinase C in pivotal roles. Kinase activation leads to phosphorylation of the receptors and other proteins, recruited at the sites of phagocytosis. Monomeric GTPases of the Rho and ARF families are likely to be engaged downstream of activated receptors. The GTPases, in cooperation with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase lipid modifying enzymes, can modulate locally the assembly of the submembranous actin filament system leading to particle internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kwiatkowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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48
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Gürsoy RN, Siahaan TJ. Binding and internalization of an ICAM-1 peptide by the surface receptors of T cells. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 1999; 53:414-21. [PMID: 10406219 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.1999.00079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the binding characteristics of a cyclic peptide, cyclo (1, 12)-Pen1-Pro2-Arg3-Gly4-Gly5-Ser6-Val7-Leu8-V al9-Thr10-Gly11-Cys12-OH (cIBR), to Molt-3 T cells. This cIBR peptide is derived from sequence numbers 11-20 of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Binding studies were performed using a fluorescence-labeled peptide (FITC-cIBR) in which the fluorescence marker fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate (FITC) was conjugated to the N-terminal of the cIBR peptide. The binding affinity of the FITC-cIBR peptide to Molt-3 T cells was evaluated using a FACScan flow cytometer. The binding specificity of the FITC-cIBR peptide was also confirmed by inhibition of binding using unlabeled peptide (cIBR). The results show that FITC-cIBR binds to two populations of T cells with different affinities; population 1 has high cell numbers (75%) but low affinity, and population 2 has high binding affinity but low cell numbers (25%). Binding to both populations was saturable and could be inhibited by the unlabeled peptide (cIBR), suggesting a receptor-mediated binding process. In addition to binding, receptor-mediated internalization was also observed for population 2; this was confirmed by confocal microscopy and temperature-dependence studies at 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C. The binding and internalization of this peptide may be carried out by surface receptors on Molt-3 T cells such as LFA-1. In the future, the binding and internalization of cIBR peptide can be utilized as a method of targeted drug delivery to leukocytes for the treatment of leukocyte-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Gürsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence 66047, USA
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Byzova TV, Plow EF. Activation of alphaVbeta3 on vascular cells controls recognition of prothrombin. J Cell Biol 1998; 143:2081-92. [PMID: 9864377 PMCID: PMC2175236 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.143.7.2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/1998] [Revised: 11/06/1998] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of vascular homeostasis depends upon collaboration between cells of the vessel wall and blood coagulation system. A direct interaction between integrin alphaVbeta3 on endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells and prothrombin, the pivotal proenzyme of the blood coagulation system, is demonstrated and activation of the integrin is required for receptor engagement. Evidence that prothrombin is a ligand for alphaVbeta3 on these cells include: (a) prothrombin binds to purified alphaVbeta3 via a RGD recognition specificity; (b) prothrombin supports alphaVbeta3-mediated adhesion of stimulated endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells; and (c) endothelial cells, either in suspension and in a monolayer, recognize soluble prothrombin via alphaVbeta3. alphaVbeta3-mediated cell adhesion to prothrombin, but not to fibrinogen, required activation of the receptor. Thus, the functionality of the alphaVbeta3 receptor is ligand defined, and prothrombin and fibrinogen represent activation- dependent and activation-independent ligands. Activation of alphaVbeta3 could be induced not only by model agonists, PMA and Mn2+, but also by a physiologically relevant agonist, ADP. Inhibition of protein kinase C and calpain prevented activation of alphaVbeta3 on vascular cells, suggesting that these molecules are involved in the inside-out signaling events that activate the integrin. The capacity of alphaVbeta3 to interact with prothrombin may play a significant role in the maintenance of hemostasis; and, at a general level, ligand selection by alphaVbeta3 may be controlled by the activation state of this integrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Byzova
- Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Crommie D, Hemler ME. β1 integrin cytoplasmic domain regulates the constitutive conformation detected by MAb 15/7, but not the ligand‐induced conformation. J Cell Biochem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19981001)71:1<63::aid-jcb7>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Crommie
- Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Martin E. Hemler
- Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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