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Xu D, Ye B, Lin L, Jin Y, Jiang Y, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Han X, Wang W, Wu G, Zhuang Z, Shan P, Liang G. Carnosol attenuates angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling and inflammation via directly binding to p38 and inhibiting p38 activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112143. [PMID: 38692016 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a significant contributor to hypertensive heart failure. Carnosol (Car), primarily derived from the sage plant (Salvia carnosa), exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in a range of systems. Nevertheless, the influence of angiotensin II (Ang II) on cardiac remodeling remains uncharted. Car was shown to protect mice's hearts against Ang II-induced heart damage at dosages of 20 and 40 mg/kg/d. This protection was evident in a concentration-related decrease in the remodeling of the heart and dysfunction. Examination of the transcriptome revealed that the pivotal roles in mediating the protective effects of Car involved inhibiting Ang II-induced inflammation and the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Furthermore, Car was found to inhibit p38 phosphorylation, therefore reducing the level of inflammation in cultured cardiomyocytes and mouse hearts. This effect was attributed to the direct binding to p38 and inhibition of p38 protein phosphorylation by Car both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the effects of Car on inflammation were neutralized when p38 was blocked in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyun Xu
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325800, Zhejiang, China; Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bozhi Ye
- Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liming Lin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhong Jin
- Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuchen Jiang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaozheng Zheng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanghao Chen
- Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang, Zhejiang 321399, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zaishou Zhuang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325800, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Peiren Shan
- Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- The Affiliated Cangnan Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325800, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Shi TY, Wen XH, Meng J, Lu YW. Effect of IL-17 on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1243. [PMID: 38577988 PMCID: PMC10996375 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of interleukin (IL)-17 in connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (CTD-PAH) and to investigate its possible mechanism on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to compare levels of serum IL-17 in patients with CTD-PAH and healthy controls (HCs). After treatment for 3 months, the serum IL-17 levels were tested in CTD-PAH. ELISA and immunohistochemistry were used to compare levels of serum IL-17 and numbers of pulmonary artery IL-17+ cells, respectively, in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced PAH and untreated rats. Proliferation, migration, and inflammatory factors expression of PASMCs were assessed after stimulation with different concentrations of IL-17 for various time periods. Proteins in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were examined by western blot. RESULTS Levels of IL-17 were upregulated in patients with CTD-PAH compared to HCs. After 3 months of treatment, serum IL-17 levels were downregulated with pulmonary artery pressure amelioration. Moreover, serum IL-17 levels and numbers of IL-17+ cells infiltrating lung arterioles were increased in PAH model rats. IL-17 could dose- and time-dependently promote proliferation and migration of PASMCs as well as time-dependently induce IL-6 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. The levels of MKK6 increased after IL-17 treatment. Inhibition of MAPK decreased proliferation of PASMCs. CONCLUSION Levels of IL-17 may increase in CTD-PAH, and IL-17 promotes proliferation, migration, and secretion of IL-6 and ICAM in PASMCs, respectively, which likely involves the p-38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yan Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Wu Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Griffiths CD, Shah M, Shao W, Borgman CA, Janes KA. Three Modes of Viral Adaption by the Heart. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.28.587274. [PMID: 38585853 PMCID: PMC10996681 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.28.587274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Viruses elicit long-term adaptive responses in the tissues they infect. Understanding viral adaptions in humans is difficult in organs such as the heart, where primary infected material is not routinely collected. In search of asymptomatic infections with accompanying host adaptions, we mined for cardio-pathogenic viruses in the unaligned reads of nearly one thousand human hearts profiled by RNA sequencing. Among virus-positive cases (~20%), we identified three robust adaptions in the host transcriptome related to inflammatory NFκB signaling and post-transcriptional regulation by the p38-MK2 pathway. The adaptions are not determined by the infecting virus, and they recur in infections of human or animal hearts and cultured cardiomyocytes. Adaptions switch states when NFκB or p38-MK2 are perturbed in cells engineered for chronic infection by the cardio-pathogenic virus, coxsackievirus B3. Stratifying viral responses into reversible adaptions adds a targetable systems-level simplification for infections of the heart and perhaps other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D. Griffiths
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Millie Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - William Shao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Borgman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kevin A. Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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4
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Romero-Becerra R, Mora A, Manieri E, Nikolic I, Santamans AM, Montalvo-Romeral V, Cruz FM, Rodríguez E, León M, Leiva-Vega L, Sanz L, Bondía V, Filgueiras-Rama D, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Jalife J, Gonzalez-Teran B, Sabio G. MKK6 deficiency promotes cardiac dysfunction through MKK3-p38γ/δ-mTOR hyperactivation. eLife 2022; 11:e75250. [PMID: 35971771 PMCID: PMC9381040 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-activated p38 kinases control a plethora of functions, and their dysregulation has been linked to the development of steatosis, obesity, immune disorders, and cancer. Therefore, they have been identified as potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies. There are four p38 family members (p38α, p38β, p38γ, and p38δ) that are activated by MKK3 and MKK6. Here, we demonstrate that lack of MKK6 reduces the lifespan in mice. Longitudinal study of cardiac function in MKK6 KO mice showed that young mice develop cardiac hypertrophy which progresses to cardiac dilatation and fibrosis with age. Mechanistically, lack of MKK6 blunts p38α activation while causing MKK3-p38γ/δ hyperphosphorylation and increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, resulting in cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy in MKK6 KO mice is reverted by knocking out either p38γ or p38δ or by inhibiting the mTOR pathway with rapamycin. In conclusion, we have identified a key role for the MKK3/6-p38γ/δ pathway in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, which has important implications for the clinical use of p38α inhibitors in the long-term treatment since they might result in cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Mora
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Elisa Manieri
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Ivana Nikolic
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | | | | | | | - Elena Rodríguez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Marta León
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Luis Leiva-Vega
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Víctor Bondía
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - David Filgueiras-Rama
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardiovascularesMadridSpain
- Hospital Clínico Universitario San CarlosMadridSpain
| | | | - José Jalife
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades CardiovascularesMadridSpain
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Barbara Gonzalez-Teran
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
- Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
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5
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Valipour M, Irannejad H, Emami S. Application of emetine in SARS-CoV-2 treatment: regulation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway for preventing emetine-induced cardiac complications. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2379-2386. [DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2100575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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6
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Ma SQ, Guo Z, Liu FY, Hasan SG, Yang D, Tang N, An P, Wang MY, Wu HM, Yang Z, Fan D, Tang QZ. 6-Gingerol protects against cardiac remodeling by inhibiting the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1575-1586. [PMID: 33462378 PMCID: PMC8463710 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
6-Gingerol, a pungent ingredient of ginger, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but the effect of 6-gingerol on pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling remains inconclusive. In this study, we investigated the effect of 6-gingerol on cardiac remodeling in in vivo and in vitro models, and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC), and treated with 6-gingerol (20 mg/kg, ig) three times a week (1 week in advance and continued until the end of the experiment). Four weeks after TAC surgery, the mice were subjected to echocardiography, and then sacrificed to harvest the hearts for analysis. For in vitro study, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts were used to validate the protective effects of 6-gingerol in response to phenylephrine (PE) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) challenge. We showed that 6-gingerol administration protected against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and dysfunction in TAC mice. In the in vitro study, we showed that treatment with 6-gingerol (20 μM) blocked PE-induced-cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and TGF-β-induced cardiac fibroblast activation. Furthermore, 6-gingerol treatment significantly decreased mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38) phosphorylation in response to pressure overload in vivo and extracellular stimuli in vitro, which was upregulated in the absence of 6-gingerol treatment. Moreover, transfection with mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 expressing adenoviruses (Ad-MKK6), which specifically activated p38, abolished the protective effects of 6-gingerol in both in vitro and in vivo models. In conclusion, 6-gingerol improves cardiac function and alleviates cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload in a p38-dependent manner. The present study demonstrates that 6-gingerol is a promising agent for the intervention of pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qing Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Shahzad-Gul Hasan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Medicine, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Nan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Peng An
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ming-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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7
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da Rocha AL, Rovina RL, Pinto AP, Marafon BB, da Silva LECM, Simabuco FM, Frantz FG, Pauli JR, de Moura LP, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, Filho HT, de Freitas EC, Rivas DA, da Silva ASR. Interleukin-6 ablation does not alter morphofunctional heart characteristics but modulates physiological and inflammatory markers after strenuous exercise. Cytokine 2021; 142:155494. [PMID: 33765652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with pathological cardiac hypertrophy and can be dramatically increased in serum after an acute strenuous exercise session. However, IL-6 is also associated with the increased production and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) after chronic moderate exercise. To elucidate the relevance of IL-6 in inflammatory and hypertrophic signaling in the heart in response to an acute strenuous exercise session, we combined transcriptome analysis using the BXD mice database and exercised IL-6 knockout mice (IL-6KO). Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that low or high-levels of Il6 mRNA in the heart did not change the inflammation- and hypertrophy-related genes in BXD mice strains. On the other hand, bioinformatic analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between Il6 gene expression in skeletal muscle with inflammation-related genes in cardiac tissue in several BXD mouse strains, suggesting that skeletal muscle-derived IL-6 could alter the heart's intracellular signals, particularly the inflammatory signaling. As expected, an acute strenuous exercise session increased IL-6 levels in wild-type, but not in IL-6KO mice. Despite not showing morphofunctional differences in the heart at rest, the IL-6KO group presented a reduction in physical performance and attenuated IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1beta kinetics in serum, as well as lower p38MAPK phosphorylation, Ampkalpha expression, and higher Acta1 and Tnf gene expressions in the left ventricle in the basal condition. In response to strenuous exercise, IL-6 ablation was linked to a reduction in the pro-inflammatory response and higher activation of classical physiological cardiac hypertrophy proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson L da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rafael L Rovina
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Marafon
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian E C M da Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Head and Neck Surgery School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiani G Frantz
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Clinical, Toxicological, and Bromatological Analysis, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro P de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo T Filho
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen C de Freitas
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Donato A Rivas
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, United States, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
| | - Adelino S R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Prasongsukarn K, Dechkhajorn W, Benjathummarak S, Maneerat Y. TRPM2, PDLIM5, BCL3, CD14, GBA Genes as Feasible Markers for Premature Coronary Heart Disease Risk. Front Genet 2021; 12:598296. [PMID: 34093636 PMCID: PMC8172979 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.598296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Beyond non-genetic risk factors, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) plays a major role in the development of CHD. FH is a genetic disorder characterized by heritable and severely elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which can lead to premature cardiovascular disease, particularly familial coronary heart disease (FH-CHD). Method: To explore genes indicating a risk of familial (premature) coronary heart disease (FH-CHD) development in FH, 30 Thai male volunteers were enrolled: 7 healthy controls (N), 6 patients with hypercholesterolemia (H), 4 with FH, 10 with CHD, and 3 with FH-CHD. Transcriptome data were investigated using next-generation sequencing analysis in whole blood (n = 3). Genes that were significantly expressed in both FH and FH-CHD, but not in N, H, and CHD groups, were selected and functionally analyzed. Results: The findings revealed that 55 intersecting genes were differentially expressed between FH and FH-CHD groups. Ten of the 55 genes (MAPK14, TRPM2, STARD8, PDLIM5, BCL3, BLOC1S5, GBA, RBMS1, CD14, and CD36 were selected for validation. These 10 genes play potential roles in chronic inflammation and are involved in pathways related to pathogenesis of CHD. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we evaluated the mRNA expression of the selected genes in all 30 volunteers. TRPM2, PDLIM5, BCL3 were significantly upregulated and GBA was significantly downregulated in both FH and FH-CHD compared with the N, H, and CHD groups. Conclusion: our preliminary investigation reveals that the TRPM2, PDLIM5, BCL3, and GBA genes may have potential for further development as predictive markers for FH-CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilanee Dechkhajorn
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surachet Benjathummarak
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yaowapa Maneerat
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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9
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Evans L, Shen Y, Bender A, Burnett LE, Li M, Habibian JS, Zhou T, Ferguson BS. Divergent and Overlapping Roles for Selected Phytochemicals in the Regulation of Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051210. [PMID: 33668293 PMCID: PMC7956446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based foods, like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds and other foodstuffs, have been deemed as heart healthy. The chemicals within these plant-based foods, i.e., phytochemicals, are credited with protecting the heart. However, the mechanistic actions of phytochemicals, which prevent clinical endpoints, such as pathological cardiac hypertrophy, are still being elucidated. We sought to characterize the overlapping and divergent mechanisms by which 18 selected phytochemicals prevent phenylephrine- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-mediated cardiomyocyte enlargement. Of the tested 18 compounds, six attenuated PE- and PMA-mediated enlargement of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Cell viability assays showed that apigenin, baicalein, berberine hydrochloride, emodin, luteolin and quercetin dihydrate did not reduce cell size through cytotoxicity. Four of the six phytochemicals, apigenin, baicalein, berberine hydrochloride and emodin, robustly inhibited stress-induced hypertrophy and were analyzed further against intracellular signaling and genome-wide changes in mRNA expression. The four phytochemicals differentially regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases and protein kinase D. RNA-sequencing further showed divergence in gene regulation, while pathway analysis demonstrated overlap in the regulation of inflammatory pathways. Combined, this study provided a comprehensive analysis of cardioprotective phytochemicals. These data highlight two defining observations: (1) that these compounds predominantly target divergent gene pathways within cardiac myocytes and (2) that regulation of overlapping signaling and gene pathways may be of particular importance for the anti-hypertrophic actions of these phytochemicals. Despite these new findings, future works investigating rodent models of heart failure are still needed to understand the roles for these compounds in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Evans
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (L.E.); (Y.S.); (A.B.); (L.E.B.)
- Environmental Sciences Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Yiqui Shen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (L.E.); (Y.S.); (A.B.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Abigail Bender
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (L.E.); (Y.S.); (A.B.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Leah E. Burnett
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (L.E.); (Y.S.); (A.B.); (L.E.B.)
| | - Musheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (M.L.); (T.Z.)
| | | | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (M.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Bradley S. Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (L.E.); (Y.S.); (A.B.); (L.E.B.)
- Environmental Sciences Program, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Chun P. Therapeutic effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on heart disease. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:1276-1296. [PMID: 33245518 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been studied for their therapeutic potential because the excessive activity and expression of HDACs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. An increasing number of preclinical studies have demonstrated the cardioprotective effects of numerous HDAC inhibitors, suggesting a wide variety of mechanisms by which the inhibitors protect against cardiac stress, such as the suppression of cardiac fibrosis and fetal gene expression, enhancement of angiogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis, prevention of electrical remodeling, and regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest. For the development of isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors with high efficacy and low toxicity, it is important to identify and understand the mechanisms responsible for the effects of the inhibitors. This review highlights the preclinical effects of HDAC inhibitors that act against Zn2+-dependent HDACs and the underlying mechanisms of their protective effects against cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pusoon Chun
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 50834, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Peterlin A, Počivavšek K, Petrovič D, Peterlin B. The Role of microRNAs in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:161. [PMID: 33195446 PMCID: PMC7593250 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are highly investigated for their role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, evidence for clinical implementation is still lacking. In our systematic review, we evaluated the potential of microRNAs as pathophysiological and diagnostic biomarkers of heart failure. We identified 72 differentially expressed microRNA molecules among groups of heart failure patients and control groups by searching the PubMed database. We did not identify a substantial overlap of differentially expressed microRNAs among different studies; only five microRNAs (miR-1228, miR-122, miR-423-5p, miR-142-3p, and exosomal miR-92b-5p) were differentially expressed in more than one included study. Gene set enrichment analysis, based on the gene targets of microRNAs presented in the included studies, showed that gene targets of differentially expressed microRNAs were enriched in the MAPK, TGFβ, PI3K-Akt, and IL-2 signaling pathways, as well as apoptosis pathway, p53 activity regulation, and angiogenesis pathway. Results of our systematic review show that there is currently insufficient support for the use of any of the presented microRNAs as pathophysiological or prognostic biomarkers in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Peterlin
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Karolina Počivavšek
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijel Petrovič
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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12
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p38 MAPK Pathway in the Heart: New Insights in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197412. [PMID: 33049962 PMCID: PMC7582802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) family controls cell adaptation to stress stimuli. p38 function has been studied in depth in relation to cardiac development and function. The first isoform demonstrated to play an important role in cardiac development was p38α; however, all p38 family members are now known to collaborate in different aspects of cardiomyocyte differentiation and growth. p38 family members have been proposed to have protective and deleterious actions in the stressed myocardium, with the outcome of their action in part dependent on the model system under study and the identity of the activated p38 family member. Most studies to date have been performed with inhibitors that are not isoform-specific, and, consequently, knowledge remains very limited about how the different p38s control cardiac physiology and respond to cardiac stress. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of the p38 pathway in cardiac physiology and discuss recent advances in the field.
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13
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Reactivation of fatty acid oxidation by medium chain fatty acid prevents myocyte hypertrophy in H9c2 cell line. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:483-491. [PMID: 33000353 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic shift is an important contributory factor for progression of hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy into cardiac failure. Under hypertrophic conditions, heart switches its substrate preference from fatty acid to glucose. Prolonged dependence on glucose for energy production has adverse cardiovascular consequences. It was reported earlier that reactivation of fatty acid metabolism with medium chain triglycerides ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy, oxidative stress and energy level in spontaneously hypertensive rat. However, the molecular mechanism mediating the beneficial effect of medium chain triglycerides remained elusive. It was hypothesized that reduction of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) is mediated by modulation of signaling pathways over expressed in cardiac hypertrophy. The protective effect of medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) was evaluated in cellular model of myocyte hypertrophy. H9c2 cells were stimulated with Arginine vasopressin (AVP) for the induction of hypertrophy. Cell volume and secretion of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were used for assessment of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cells were pretreated with MCFA (Caprylic acid) and metabolic modulation was assessed from the expression of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), cluster of differentiation-36 (CD36) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α mRNA. The signaling molecules modified by MCFA was evaluated from protein expression of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK: ERK1/2, p38 and JNK) and Calcineurin A. Pretreatment with MCFA stimulated fatty acid metabolism in hypertrophic H9c2, with concomitant reduction of cell volume and BNP secretion. MCFA reduced activated ERK1/2, JNK and calicineurin A expression mediated by AVP. In conclusion, the beneficial effect of MCFA is possibly mediated by stimulation of fatty acid metabolism and modulation of MAPK and Calcineurin A.
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14
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Seo K, Parikh VN, Ashley EA. Stretch-Induced Biased Signaling in Angiotensin II Type 1 and Apelin Receptors for the Mediation of Cardiac Contractility and Hypertrophy. Front Physiol 2020; 11:181. [PMID: 32231588 PMCID: PMC7082839 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The myocardium has an intrinsic ability to sense and respond to mechanical load in order to adapt to physiological demands. Primary examples are the augmentation of myocardial contractility in response to increased ventricular filling caused by either increased venous return (Frank-Starling law) or aortic resistance to ejection (the Anrep effect). Sustained mechanical overload, however, can induce pathological hypertrophy and dysfunction, resulting in heart failure and arrhythmias. It has been proposed that angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and apelin receptor (APJ) are primary upstream actors in this acute myocardial autoregulation as well as the chronic maladaptive signaling program. These receptors are thought to have mechanosensing capacity through activation of intracellular signaling via G proteins and/or the multifunctional transducer protein, β-arrestin. Importantly, ligand and mechanical stimuli can selectively activate different downstream signaling pathways to promote inotropic, cardioprotective or cardiotoxic signaling. Studies to understand how AT1R and APJ integrate ligand and mechanical stimuli to bias downstream signaling are an important and novel area for the discovery of new therapeutics for heart failure. In this review, we provide an up-to-date understanding of AT1R and APJ signaling pathways activated by ligand versus mechanical stimuli, and their effects on inotropy and adaptive/maladaptive hypertrophy. We also discuss the possibility of targeting these signaling pathways for the development of novel heart failure therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinya Seo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Victoria N. Parikh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Euan A. Ashley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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15
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C1q-TNF-related protein-3 attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing the p38/CREB pathway and p38-induced ER stress. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:520. [PMID: 31285424 PMCID: PMC6614451 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
C1q-tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) is an adipokine, which exerts protective function in ischemic or diabetic heart injury. However, the role of CTRP3 in cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological effects of CTRP3 on pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by hypertension. Male C57BL/6 J wild-type (WT) mice, Ctrp3 knockout mice, and mice infected with lentivirus overexpressing mouse Ctrp3 underwent sham surgery or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery. After 4 weeks, cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and cardiac function were examined. Compared with WT mice, Ctrp3 deficiency substantially impaired contractile dysfunction, exacerbated the enlargement of cardiomyocytes and myocardial fibrosis, and reprogramed the expression of pathological genes after TAC. Conversely, CTRP3 overexpression played a role in restoring the left ventricular cardiac contractile function, alleviating cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and inhibiting the expression of hypertrophic and fibrotic signaling in mice after TAC. Furthermore, CTRP3 regulated the expression of the p38/CREB pathway and of the primary modulating factors of the endoplasmic reticulum stress, i.e., GRP78 and the downstream molecules eukaryotic translation inhibition factor 2 submit α, C/EBP homologous protein, and inositol-requiring enzyme-1. Further, inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB203580 blunted the ER stress intensified by Ctrp3 deficiency. In vitro, CTRP3 protected neonatal rat cardiac myocytes against phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We conclude that CTRP3 protects the host against pathological cardiac remodeling and left ventricular dysfunction induced by pressure overload largely by inhibiting the p38/CREB pathway and alleviating p38-induced ER stress.
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16
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Rehmani T, Salih M, Tuana BS. Cardiac-Specific Cre Induces Age-Dependent Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061189. [PMID: 30917606 PMCID: PMC6471127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic modification of the mouse genome using the cre-lox system has been an invaluable tool in deciphering gene and protein function in a temporal and/or spatial manner. However, it has its pitfalls, as researchers have shown that the unregulated expression of cre recombinase can cause DNA damage, the consequences of which can be very detrimental to mouse health. Previously published literature on the most utilized cardiac-specific cre, αMHC-cre, mouse model exhibited a nonlethal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with aging. However, using the same αMHC-cre mice, we observed a cardiac pathology, resulting in complete lethality by 11 months of age. Echocardiography and histology revealed that the αMHC-cre mice were displaying symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) by seven months of age, which ultimately led to their demise in the absence of any HCM at any age. Molecular analysis showed that this phenotype was associated with the DNA damage response through the downregulation of activated p38 and increased expression of JNK, p53, and Bax, known inducers of myocyte death resulting in fibrosis. Our data urges strong caution when interpreting the phenotypic impact of gene responses using αMHC-cre mice, since a lethal DCM was induced by the cre driver in an age-dependent manner in this commonly utilized model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Rehmani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Maysoon Salih
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Balwant S Tuana
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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17
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Nani A, Belarbi M, Murtaza B, Benammar C, Merghoub T, Rialland M, Akhtar Khan N, Hichami A. Polyphenols from Pennisetum glaucum grains induce MAP kinase phosphorylation and cell cycle arrest in human osteosarcoma cells. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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18
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Fisetin inhibits cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing oxidative stress. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:221-229. [PMID: 30312797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a pathophysiological response to various pathological stresses and ultimately leads to heart failure. Oxidative stress is one of the critical processes involved in hypertrophy development. Fisetin, a small molecular flavonoid, has been shown to have anti-oxidative, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of fisetin on cardiac hypertrophy remains unknown. In our present study, we showed that fisetin inhibited pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, improved cardiac function in vivo and suppressed phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were markedly decreased by fisetin treatment in both hypertrophic hearts and cardiomyocytes. Moreover, fisetin significantly up-regulated the expression of antioxidative genes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Furthermore, co-treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC; ROS scavenger) and fisetin did not have synergistic inhibitory effects on PE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, indicating that the anti-hypertrophic effects of fisetin are mainly associated with the blockade of oxidative stress. Finally, the pro-hypertrophic signaling pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, were found to be suppressed by fisetin after pressure overload and PE treatment. In conclusion, our study revealed that fisetin protects against cardiac hypertrophy and that oxidative stress inhibition may be one of the pivotal mechanisms involved.
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19
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Moderate aerobic exercise training decreases middle-aged induced pathologic cardiac hypertrophy by improving Klotho expression, MAPK signaling pathway, and oxidative stress status in Wistar rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 21:911-919. [PMID: 30524691 PMCID: PMC6272071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training on serum levels of Klotho, cardiac tissue levels of H2O2 and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and P38 as well as left ventricular internal diameter (LVID), the left ventricle wall thickness (LVWT) and fibrosis in middle-aged rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty wistar rats, including young rats (n=10, 4 month-old) and middle-aged rats (n=30, 13-15 months-old) were enrolled in this experimental study. The all young and 10 middle-aged rats were sacrificed (randomly) under deep anesthesia without any exercise training as normal young control and normal middle-aged control respectively. The remaining 20 middle-aged rats participated in 4 (n=10) or 8-week (n=10) aerobic exercise training. RESULTS There were significant differences in the plasmatic Klotho levels and the heart tissue levels of phosphorylated-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), P-P38 and H2O2, LVWT, LVID and fibrosis between young and middle-aged rats (P=0.01). Plasmatic Klotho level was significantly increased after eight weeks training (P=0.011). Also, p-ERK1/2 was significantly decreased after eight weeks and p-P38 was significantly decreased in the fourth (P=0.01) and eight weeks of training (P=0.01). A similar decrease was reported for aging-induced H2O2 in the fourth (P=0.016) and eighth weeks (P=0.001). LVID was significantly increased in eight weeks, but LVWT and fibrosis was significantly reduced in the eighth week (P=0.011, P=0.028, P=0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION Moderate aerobic training attenuates aging-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy at least partially by restoring the Klotho levels, attenuating oxidative stress, and reduction in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, P38 and fibrosis.
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20
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Avivar-Valderas A, McEwen R, Taheri-Ghahfarokhi A, Carnevalli LS, Hardaker EL, Maresca M, Hudson K, Harrington EA, Cruzalegui F. Functional significance of co-occurring mutations in PIK3CA and MAP3K1 in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21444-21458. [PMID: 29765551 PMCID: PMC5940413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3Kα signaling pathway is frequently hyper-activated in breast cancer (BrCa), as a result of mutations/amplifications in oncogenes (e.g. HER2), decreased function in tumor suppressors (e.g. PTEN) or activating mutations in key components of the pathway. In particular, activating mutations of PIK3CA (~45%) are frequently found in luminal A BrCa samples. Genomic studies have uncovered inactivating mutations in MAP3K1 (13-20%) and MAP2K4 (~8%), two upstream kinases of the JNK apoptotic pathway in luminal A BrCa samples. Further, simultaneous mutation of PIK3CA and MAP3K1 are found in ~11% of mutant PIK3CA tumors. How these two alterations may cooperate to elicit tumorigenesis and impact the sensitivity to PI3K and AKT inhibitors is currently unknown. Using CRISPR gene editing we have genetically disrupted MAP3K1 expression in mutant PIK3CA cell lines to specifically create in vitro models reflecting the mutational status of PIK3CA and MAP3K1 in BrCa patients. MAP3K1 deficient cell lines exhibited ~2.4-fold increased proliferation rate and decreased sensitivity to PI3Kα/δ(AZD8835) and AKT (AZD5363) inhibitors (~2.61 and ~5.23-fold IC50 increases, respectively) compared with parental control cell lines. In addition, mechanistic analysis revealed that MAP3K1 disruption enhances AKT phosphorylation and downstream signaling and reduces sensitivity to AZD5363-mediated pathway inhibition. This appears to be a consequence of deficient MAP3K1-JNK signaling increasing IRS1 stability and therefore promoting IRS1 binding to p85, resulting in enhanced PI3Kα activity. Using 3D-MCF10A-PI3KαH1047R models, we found that MAP3K1 depletion increased overall acinar volume and counteracted AZD5363-mediated reduction of acinar growth due to enhanced proliferation and reduced apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo efficacy studies revealed that MAP3K1-deficient MCF7 tumors were less sensitive to AKT inhibitor treatment, compared with parental MCF7 tumors. Our study provides mechanistic and in vivo evidence indicating a role for MAP3K1 as a tumor suppressor gene at least in the context of PIK3CA-mutant backgrounds. Further, our work predicts that MAP3K1 mutational status may be considered as a predictive biomarker for efficacy in PI3K pathway inhibitor trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Avivar-Valderas
- Translational Science, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.,Current address: TiGenix, Parque Tecnológico de Madrid, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert McEwen
- Translational Science, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amir Taheri-Ghahfarokhi
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Marcello Maresca
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kevin Hudson
- Bioscience, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.,Current address: 2TheNth, Adelphi Mill, Bollington, Macclesfield, UK
| | | | - Francisco Cruzalegui
- Translational Science, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.,Current address: Pierre Fabre R&D Centre, Toulouse, France
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21
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Wu QQ, Ni J, Zhang N, Liao HH, Tang QZ, Deng W. Andrographolide Protects against Aortic Banding-Induced Experimental Cardiac Hypertrophy by Inhibiting MAPKs Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:808. [PMID: 29184496 PMCID: PMC5694538 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic advances, heart failure-related mortality rates remain high. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the remodeling process is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Andrographolide (Andr), a botanical compound, has potent cardio-protective effects due to its ability to inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Andr has also been shown to inhibit inflammation and apoptosis, which are factors related to cardiac hypertrophy. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of Andr on cardiac hypertrophy and MAPKs activation. Thus, mice were subjected to aortic banding (AB) with/without Andr administration (25 mg/kg/day, orally). Cardiac function was accessed by echocardiography and hemodynamic parameters. Our results showed that Andr administration for 7 weeks decreased cardiac dysfunction and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in AB mice. Andr treatment induced a strong reduction in the transcription of both hypertrophy (ANP, BNP, and β-MHC) and fibrosis related genes (collagen I, collagen III, CTGF, and TGFβ). In addition, cardiomyocytes treated with Andr showed a reduced hypertrophic response to angiotensin II. Andr significantly inhibited MAPKs activation in both mouse hearts and cardiomyocytes. Treatment with a combination of MAPKs activators abolished the protective effects of Andr in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we found that Andr also inhibited the activation of cardiac fibroblasts via the MAPKs pathway, which was confirmed by the application of MAPKs inhibitors. In conclusion, Andr was found to confer a protective effect against experimental cardiac hypertrophy in mice, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic drug for pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Q Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai H Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Z Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
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22
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DUSPs as critical regulators of cardiac hypertrophy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:155-158. [PMID: 28011900 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This commentary highlights the research presented by Li et al. [15]. In this issue of Clinical Science, which demonstrates that dual specific phosphatase 12 (DUSP12), through JNK1/2 inhibition, alleviates cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload, making it a potential therapeutic target.
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23
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Rose BA, Yokota T, Chintalgattu V, Ren S, Iruela-Arispe L, Khakoo AY, Minamisawa S, Wang Y. Cardiac myocyte p38α kinase regulates angiogenesis via myocyte-endothelial cell cross-talk during stress-induced remodeling in the heart. J Biol Chem 2017. [PMID: 28637870 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.784553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity is implicated in pathological remodeling in the heart. For example, constitutive p38 MAPK activation in cardiomyocytes induces pathological features, including myocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, contractile dysfunction, and fetal gene expression. However, the physiological function of cardiomyocyte p38 MAPK activity in beneficial compensatory vascular remodeling is unclear. This report investigated the functional role and the underlying mechanisms of cardiomyocyte p38 MAPK activity in cardiac remodeling induced by chronic stress. Using both in vitro and in vivo model systems, we found that p38 MAPK activity is required for hypoxia-induced pro-angiogenic activity from cardiomyocytes and that p38 MAPK activation in cardiomyocyte is sufficient to promote paracrine signaling-mediated, pro-angiogenic activity. We further demonstrate that VEGF is a paracrine factor responsible for the p38 MAPK-mediated pro-angiogenic activity from cardiomyocytes and that p38 MAPK pathway activation is sufficient for inducing VEGF secretion from cardiomyocytes in an Sp1-dependent manner. More significantly, cardiomyocyte-specific inactivation of p38α in mouse heart impaired compensatory angiogenesis after pressure overload and promoted early onset of heart failure. In summary, p38αMAPK has a critical role in the cross-talk between cardiomyocytes and vasculature by regulating stress-induced VEGF expression and secretion in cardiomyocytes. We conclude that as part of a stress-induced signaling pathway, p38 MAPK activity significantly contributes to both pathological and compensatory remodeling in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Rose
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Tomohiro Yokota
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, 169-8555, Japan
| | | | - Shuxun Ren
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Molecular Biology Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Aarif Y Khakoo
- Amgen, Inc., Metabolic Disorders, South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, 169-8555, Japan; Department of Cell Physiology, Jikei University, 25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yibin Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095.
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Zhou Q, Wei SS, Wang H, Wang Q, Li W, Li G, Hou JW, Chen XM, Chen J, Xu WP, Li YG, Wang YP. Crucial Role of ROCK2-Mediated Phosphorylation and Upregulation of FHOD3 in the Pathogenesis of Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy. Hypertension 2017; 69:1070-1083. [PMID: 28438902 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by increased myofibrillogenesis. Angiotensin II (Ang-II) is an essential mediator of the pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in part through RhoA/ROCK (small GTPase/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase) pathway. FHOD3 (formin homology 2 domain containing 3), a cardiac-restricted member of diaphanous-related formins, is crucial in regulating myofibrillogenesis in cardiomyocytes. FHOD3 maintains inactive through autoinhibition by an intramolecular interaction between its C- and N-terminal domains. Phosphorylation of the 3 highly conserved residues (1406S, 1412S, and 1416T) within the C terminus (CT) of FHOD3 by ROCK1 is sufficient for its activation. However, it is unclear whether ROCK-mediated FHOD3 activation plays a role in the pathogenesis of Ang-II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, we detected increases in FHOD3 expression and phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes from Ang-II-induced rat cardiac hypertrophy models. Valsartan attenuated such increases. In cultured neonate rat cardiomyocytes, overexpression of phosphor-mimetic mutant FHOD3-DDD, but not wild-type FHOD3, resulted in myofibrillogenesis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Expression of a phosphor-resistant mutant FHOD3-AAA completely abolished myofibrillogenesis and attenuated Ang-II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Pretreatment of neonate rat cardiomyocytes with ROCK inhibitor Y27632 reduced Ang-II-induced FHOD3 activation and upregulation, suggesting the involvement of ROCK activities. Silencing of ROCK2, but not ROCK1, in neonate rat cardiomyocytes, significantly lessened Ang-II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. ROCK2 can directly phosphorylate FHOD3 at both 1412S and 1416T in vitro and is more potent than ROCK1. Both kinases failed to phosphorylate 1406S. Coexpression of FHOD3 with constitutively active ROCK2 induced more stress fiber formation than that with constitutively active ROCK1. Collectively, our results demonstrated the importance of ROCK2 regulated FHOD3 expression and activation in Ang-II-induced myofibrillogenesis, thus provided a novel mechanism for the pathogenesis of Ang-II-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (Q.Z., H.W., Q.W., W.L., G.L., J.-W.H., X.-M.C., J.C., W.-P.X., Y.-G.L., Y.-P.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (S.-S.W.), Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, China
| | - Si-Si Wei
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (Q.Z., H.W., Q.W., W.L., G.L., J.-W.H., X.-M.C., J.C., W.-P.X., Y.-G.L., Y.-P.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (S.-S.W.), Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, China
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (Q.Z., H.W., Q.W., W.L., G.L., J.-W.H., X.-M.C., J.C., W.-P.X., Y.-G.L., Y.-P.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (S.-S.W.), Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, China
| | - Qian Wang
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (Q.Z., H.W., Q.W., W.L., G.L., J.-W.H., X.-M.C., J.C., W.-P.X., Y.-G.L., Y.-P.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (S.-S.W.), Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, China
| | - Wei Li
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (Q.Z., H.W., Q.W., W.L., G.L., J.-W.H., X.-M.C., J.C., W.-P.X., Y.-G.L., Y.-P.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (S.-S.W.), Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, China
| | - Gang Li
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (Q.Z., H.W., Q.W., W.L., G.L., J.-W.H., X.-M.C., J.C., W.-P.X., Y.-G.L., Y.-P.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (S.-S.W.), Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, China
| | - Jian-Wen Hou
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (Q.Z., H.W., Q.W., W.L., G.L., J.-W.H., X.-M.C., J.C., W.-P.X., Y.-G.L., Y.-P.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (S.-S.W.), Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Chen
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (Q.Z., H.W., Q.W., W.L., G.L., J.-W.H., X.-M.C., J.C., W.-P.X., Y.-G.L., Y.-P.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (S.-S.W.), Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, China
| | - Jie Chen
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (Q.Z., H.W., Q.W., W.L., G.L., J.-W.H., X.-M.C., J.C., W.-P.X., Y.-G.L., Y.-P.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (S.-S.W.), Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, China
| | - Wei-Ping Xu
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (Q.Z., H.W., Q.W., W.L., G.L., J.-W.H., X.-M.C., J.C., W.-P.X., Y.-G.L., Y.-P.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (S.-S.W.), Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, China
| | - Yi-Gang Li
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (Q.Z., H.W., Q.W., W.L., G.L., J.-W.H., X.-M.C., J.C., W.-P.X., Y.-G.L., Y.-P.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (S.-S.W.), Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, China.
| | - Yue-Peng Wang
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (Q.Z., H.W., Q.W., W.L., G.L., J.-W.H., X.-M.C., J.C., W.-P.X., Y.-G.L., Y.-P.W.) and Department of Pediatrics (S.-S.W.), Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, China.
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25
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Pang LZ, Ju AC, Zheng XJ, Li F, Song YF, Zhao Y, Gu YF, Chen FL, Liu CH, Qi J, Gao Z, Kou JP, Yu BY. YiQiFuMai Powder Injection attenuates coronary artery ligation-induced myocardial remodeling and heart failure through modulating MAPKs signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:67-77. [PMID: 28237302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE YiQiFuMai Powder Injection (YQFM), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription re-developed based on Sheng-Mai-San, is a classical and traditional therapeutic for clinical heart failure (HF) and angina. However, its potential mechanism against HF remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study observes the therapeutic role of YQFM and mechanisms underlying its effects on coronary artery ligation (CAL)-induced myocardial remodeling (MR) and HF. METHODS MR and HF were induced by permanent CAL for 2 weeks in ICR mice. Then mice were treated with YQFM (0.13g/kg, 0.26g/kg and 0.53g/kg) once a day until 2 weeks later. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiography. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by biochemical kits and cardiomyocyte morphology was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Myocardial hydroxyproline (HYP), serum amino-terminal pro-peptide of pro-collagen type III (PIIINP), and Masson's trichrome staining were employed to evaluate cardiac fibrosis. Circulating level of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was tested by ELISA kit to predict prognosis of CAL-induced HF. Effects of YQFM on the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway after CAL operation was evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry assay. RESULTS YQFM (0.53g/kg) improved the left ventricular (LV) function and structure impairment after 2 weeks in CAL mice. YQFM administration also decreased LDH and CK activities, circulating levels of MDA, PIIINP, NT-proBNP, and HYP contents. Moreover, YQFM ameliorated cardiac injury and fibrosis. Furthermore, YQFM (0.53g/kg) inhibited the myocardial phosphorylation of MAPKs in HF mice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that YQFM attenuates CAL-induced HF via improving cardiac function, attenuating structure damage, oxidative stress, necrosis, collagen deposition, and fibrosis. In addition, YQFM ameliorates cardiac remodeling and HF, partially through inhibiting the MAPKs signaling pathways. These data provide insights and mechanisms into the widely application of YQFM in patients with HF, MI and other ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhi Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Ai-Chun Ju
- Department of Technology Development, TianJin Tasly Pride Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Xian-Jie Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yun-Fei Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yuan-Feng Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Fei-Leng Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Chun-Hua Liu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Jin Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Medicine-Ather&Lipo, Baylor Colledge of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Jun-Ping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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26
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Ruiz M, Coderre L, Lachance D, Houde V, Martel C, Thompson Legault J, Gillis MA, Bouchard B, Daneault C, Carpentier AC, Gaestel M, Allen BG, Des Rosiers C. MK2 Deletion in Mice Prevents Diabetes-Induced Perturbations in Lipid Metabolism and Cardiac Dysfunction. Diabetes 2016; 65:381-92. [PMID: 26558681 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease remains a major complication of diabetes, and the identification of new therapeutic targets is essential. This study investigates the role of the protein kinase MK2, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase downstream target, in the development of diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. Diabetes was induced in control (MK2(+/+)) and MK2-null (MK2(-/-)) mice using repeated injections of a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ). This protocol generated in MK2(+/+) mice a model of diabetes characterized by a 50% decrease in plasma insulin, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance (IR), as well as major contractile dysfunction, which was associated with alterations in proteins involved in calcium handling. While MK2(-/-)-STZ mice remained hyperglycemic, they showed improved IR and none of the cardiac functional or molecular alterations. Further analyses highlighted marked lipid perturbations in MK2(+/+)-STZ mice, which encompass increased 1) circulating levels of free fatty acid, ketone bodies, and long-chain acylcarnitines and 2) cardiac triglyceride accumulation and ex vivo palmitate β-oxidation. MK2(-/-)-STZ mice were also protected against all these diabetes-induced lipid alterations. Our results demonstrate the benefits of MK2 deletion on diabetes-induced cardiac molecular and lipid metabolic changes, as well as contractile dysfunction. As a result, MK2 represents a new potential therapeutic target to prevent diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Ruiz
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lise Coderre
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominic Lachance
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie Houde
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cécile Martel
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Thompson Legault
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Bertrand Bouchard
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Daneault
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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27
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Abstract
Stress-response kinases, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated in response to the challenge of a myriad of stressors. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and p38 MAPKs are the predominant members of the MAPK family in the heart. Extensive studies have revealed critical roles of activated MAPKs in the processes of cardiac injury and heart failure and many other cardiovascular diseases. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that MAPKs also promote the development of cardiac arrhythmias. Thus, understanding the functional impact of MAPKs in the heart could shed new light on the development of novel therapeutic approaches to improve cardiac function and prevent arrhythmia development in the patients. This review will summarize the recent findings on the role of MAPKs in cardiac remodeling and arrhythmia development and point to the critical need of future studies to further elucidate the fundamental mechanisms of MAPK activation and arrhythmia development in the heart.
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28
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Yokota T, Wang Y. p38 MAP kinases in the heart. Gene 2015; 575:369-376. [PMID: 26390817 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
p38 kinases are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) with established contribution to a wide range of signaling pathways and different biological processes. The prototypic p38 MAPK, p38α was originally identified as an essential signaling kinase for inflammatory cytokine production Extensive studies have now revealed that p38s have critical roles in many different tissues far beyond immune regulation and inflammatory responses. In this review, we will focus on the structure and molecular biology of p38s, and their specific roles in heart, especially regarding myocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and hypertrophic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yokota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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29
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Pugach EK, Richmond PA, Azofeifa JG, Dowell RD, Leinwand LA. Prolonged Cre expression driven by the α-myosin heavy chain promoter can be cardiotoxic. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 86:54-61. [PMID: 26141530 PMCID: PMC4558343 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Studying the importance of genetic factors in a desired cell type or tissue necessitates the use of precise genetic tools. With the introduction of bacteriophage Cre recombinase/loxP mediated DNA editing and promoter-specific Cre expression, it is feasible to generate conditional knockout mice in which particular genes are disrupted in a cell type-specific manner in vivo. In cardiac myocytes, this is often achieved through α-myosin heavy chain promoter (αMyHC)-driven Cre expression in conjunction with a loxP-site flanked gene of interest. Recent studies in other cell types demonstrate toxicity of Cre expression through induction of DNA damage. However, it is unclear to what extent the traditionally used αMyHC-Cre line [1] may exhibit cardiotoxicity. Further, the genotype of αMyHC-Cre(+/-) is not often included as a control group in cardiac myocyte-specific knockout studies. Here we present evidence that these αMyHC-Cre(+/-) mice show molecular signs of cardiac toxicity by 3months of age and exhibit decreased cardiac function by 6months of age compared to wild-type littermates. Hearts from αMyHC-Cre(+/-) mice also display evidence of fibrosis, inflammation, and DNA damage. Interestingly, some of the early functional changes observed in αMyHC-Cre(+/-) mice are sexually dimorphic. Given the high level of Cre recombinase expression resulting from expression from the αMyHC promoter, we asked if degenerate loxP-like sites naturally exist in the mouse genome and if so, whether they are affected by Cre in the absence of canonical loxP-sites. Using a novel bioinformatics search tool, we identified 619 loxP-like sites with 4 or less mismatches to the canonical loxP-site. 227 sites overlapped with annotated genes and 55 of these genes were expressed in cardiac muscle. Expression of ~26% of the 27 genes tested was disrupted in αMyHC-Cre(+/-) mice indicating potential targeting by Cre. Taken together, these results highlight both the importance of using αMyHC-Cre mice as controls in conditional knockout studies as well as the need for a less cardiotoxic Cre driver for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Pugach
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
| | - Phillip A Richmond
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
| | - Joseph G Azofeifa
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Computer Science, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
| | - Robin D Dowell
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80303 USA.
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30
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Ai X. SR calcium handling dysfunction, stress-response signaling pathways, and atrial fibrillation. Front Physiol 2015; 6:46. [PMID: 25745402 PMCID: PMC4333799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia. It is associated with a markedly increased risk of premature death due to embolic stroke and also complicates co-existing cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure. The prevalence of AF increases dramatically with age, and aging has been shown to be an independent risk of AF. Due to an aging population in the world, a growing body of AF patients are suffering a diminished quality of life and causing an associated economic burden. However, effective pharmacologic treatments and prevention strategies are lacking due to a poor understanding of the molecular and electrophysiologic mechanisms of AF in the failing and/or aged heart. Recent studies suggest that altered atrial calcium handling contributes to the onset and maintenance of AF. Here we review the role of stress-response kinases and calcium handling dysfunction in AF genesis in the aged and failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Maywood, IL, USA
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31
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Tumor suppressor gene ING3 induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via inhibition of AMPK and activation of p38 MAPK signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 562:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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32
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Parray AA, Baba RA, Bhat HF, Wani L, Mokhdomi TA, Mushtaq U, Bhat SS, Kirmani D, Kuchay S, Wani MM, Khanday FA. MKK6 is upregulated in human esophageal, stomach, and colon cancers. Cancer Invest 2014; 32:416-22. [PMID: 25019214 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2014.933236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Expression analysis of MKK6 protein in solid tumors has never been investigated. Here, we report systematic analysis of MKK6 protein in different types of human tumor samples using western blotting and immunofluorescence techniques. We observed significant increase in the expression of MKK6 in Esophageal, Stomach, and Colon cancers as compared to controls. Results were alternately confirmed by Immunofluorescence studies. Upregulation of MKK6 protein is indicative of its role in human cancers and could possibly be used as a novel diagnostic or prognostic marker in these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ali Parray
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir , Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir , India , 1
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Javadov S, Jang S, Agostini B. Crosstalk between mitogen-activated protein kinases and mitochondria in cardiac diseases: therapeutic perspectives. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:202-25. [PMID: 24924700 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases cause more mortality and morbidity worldwide than any other diseases. Although many intracellular signaling pathways influence cardiac physiology and pathology, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family has garnered significant attention because of its vast implications in signaling and crosstalk with other signaling networks. The extensively studied MAPKs ERK1/2, p38, JNK, and ERK5, demonstrate unique intracellular signaling mechanisms, responding to a myriad of mitogens and stressors and influencing the signaling of cardiac development, metabolism, performance, and pathogenesis. Definitive relationships between MAPK signaling and cardiac dysfunction remain elusive, despite 30 years of extensive clinical studies and basic research of various animal/cell models, severities of stress, and types of stimuli. Still, several studies have proven the importance of MAPK crosstalk with mitochondria, powerhouses of the cell that provide over 80% of ATP for normal cardiomyocyte function and play a crucial role in cell death. Although many questions remain unanswered, there exists enough evidence to consider the possibility of targeting MAPK-mitochondria interactions in the prevention and treatment of heart disease. The goal of this review is to integrate previous studies into a discussion of MAPKs and MAPK-mitochondria signaling in cardiac diseases, such as myocardial infarction (ischemia), hypertrophy and heart failure. A comprehensive understanding of relevant molecular mechanisms, as well as challenges for studies in this area, will facilitate the development of new pharmacological agents and genetic manipulations for therapy of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabzali Javadov
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, PR, USA.
| | - Sehwan Jang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, PR, USA
| | - Bryan Agostini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, PR, USA
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34
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A-kinase anchoring protein Lbc coordinates a p38 activating signaling complex controlling compensatory cardiac hypertrophy. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:2903-17. [PMID: 23716597 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00031-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to stress, the heart undergoes a remodeling process associated with cardiac hypertrophy that eventually leads to heart failure. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) have been shown to coordinate numerous prohypertrophic signaling pathways in cultured cardiomyocytes. However, it remains to be established whether AKAP-based signaling complexes control cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling in vivo. In the current study, we show that AKAP-Lbc assembles a signaling complex composed of the kinases PKN, MLTK, MKK3, and p38α that mediates the activation of p38 in cardiomyocytes in response to stress signals. To address the role of this complex in cardiac remodeling, we generated transgenic mice displaying cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of a molecular inhibitor of the interaction between AKAP-Lbc and the p38-activating module. Our results indicate that disruption of the AKAP-Lbc/p38 signaling complex inhibits compensatory cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in response to aortic banding-induced pressure overload and promotes early cardiac dysfunction associated with increased myocardial apoptosis, stress gene activation, and ventricular dilation. Attenuation of hypertrophy results from a reduced protein synthesis capacity, as indicated by decreased phosphorylation of 4E-binding protein 1 and ribosomal protein S6. These results indicate that AKAP-Lbc enhances p38-mediated hypertrophic signaling in the heart in response to abrupt increases in the afterload.
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Papay RS, Shi T, Piascik MT, Naga Prasad SV, Perez DM. α₁A-adrenergic receptors regulate cardiac hypertrophy in vivo through interleukin-6 secretion. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 83:939-48. [PMID: 23404509 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.084483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of α₁-adrenergic receptors (ARs) in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy is still unclear, because transgenic mice demonstrated hypertrophy or the lack of it despite high receptor overexpression. To further address the role of the α₁-ARs in cardiac hypertrophy, we analyzed unique transgenic mice that overexpress constitutively active mutation (CAM) α₁A-ARs or CAM α₁B-ARs under the regulation of large fragments of their native promoters. These constitutively active receptors are expressed in all tissues that endogenously express their wild-type counterparts as opposed to only myocyte-targeted transgenic mice. In this study, we discovered that CAM α₁A-AR mice in vivo have cardiac hypertrophy independent of changes in blood pressure, corroborating earlier studies, but in contrast to myocyte-targeted α₁A-AR mice. We also found cardiac hypertrophy in CAM α₁B-AR mice, in agreement with previous studies, but hypertrophy only developed in older mice. We also discovered unique α₁-AR-mediated hypertrophic signaling that was AR subtype-specific with CAM α₁A-AR mice secreting atrial naturietic factor and interleukin-6 (IL-6), whereas CAM α₁B-AR mice expressed activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). These particular hypertrophic signals were blocked when the other AR subtype was coactivated. We also discovered that crossbreeding the two CAM models (double CAM α₁A/B-AR) inhibited the development of hypertrophy and was reversible with single receptor activation, suggesting that coactivation of the receptors can lead to novel antagonistic signal transduction. This was confirmed by demonstrating antagonistic signals that were even lower than normal controls in the double CAM α₁A/B-AR mice for p38, NF-κB, and the IL-6/glycoprotein 130/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway. Because α₁A/B double knockout mice fail to develop hypertrophy in response to IL-6, our results suggest that IL-6 is a major mediator of α₁A-AR cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Papay
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in multifactorial adverse cardiac remodeling associated with metabolic syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:367245. [PMID: 23365487 PMCID: PMC3556856 DOI: 10.1155/2013/367245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome has been widely associated with an increased risk for acute cardiovascular events. Emerging evidence supports metabolic syndrome as a condition favoring an adverse cardiac remodeling, which might evolve towards heart dysfunction and failure. This pathological remodeling has been described to result from the cardiac adaptive response to clinical mechanical conditions (such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia), soluble inflammatory molecules (such as cytokines and chemokines), as well as hormones (such as insulin), characterizing the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. Moreover, these cardiac processes (resulting in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis) are also associated with the modulation of intracellular signalling pathways within cardiomyocytes. Amongst the different intracellular kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were shown to be involved in heart damage in metabolic syndrome. However, their role remains controversial. In this paper, we will discuss and update evidence on MAPK-mediated mechanisms underlying cardiac adverse remodeling associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Ryall KA, Holland DO, Delaney KA, Kraeutler MJ, Parker AJ, Saucerman JJ. Network reconstruction and systems analysis of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:42259-68. [PMID: 23091058 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.382937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is managed by a dense web of signaling pathways with many pathways influencing myocyte growth. A quantitative understanding of the contributions of individual pathways and their interactions is needed to better understand hypertrophy signaling and to develop more effective therapies for heart failure. We developed a computational model of the cardiac myocyte hypertrophy signaling network to determine how the components and network topology lead to differential regulation of transcription factors, gene expression, and myocyte size. Our computational model of the hypertrophy signaling network contains 106 species and 193 reactions, integrating 14 established pathways regulating cardiac myocyte growth. 109 of 114 model predictions were validated using published experimental data testing the effects of receptor activation on transcription factors and myocyte phenotypic outputs. Network motif analysis revealed an enrichment of bifan and biparallel cross-talk motifs. Sensitivity analysis was used to inform clustering of the network into modules and to identify species with the greatest effects on cell growth. Many species influenced hypertrophy, but only a few nodes had large positive or negative influences. Ras, a network hub, had the greatest effect on cell area and influenced more species than any other protein in the network. We validated this model prediction in cultured cardiac myocytes. With this integrative computational model, we identified the most influential species in the cardiac hypertrophy signaling network and demonstrate how different levels of network organization affect myocyte size, transcription factors, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Ryall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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Denise Martin E, De Nicola GF, Marber MS. New therapeutic targets in cardiology: p38 alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase for ischemic heart disease. Circulation 2012; 126:357-68. [PMID: 22801653 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.071886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Denise Martin
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, United Kingdom
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Boivin B, Khairallah M, Cartier R, Allen BG. Characterization of hsp27 kinases activated by elevated aortic pressure in heart. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 371:31-42. [PMID: 22878564 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hemodynamic overload results in left ventricular hypertrophy, fibroblast proliferation, and interstitial fibrosis. The small heat shock protein hsp27 has been shown to be cardioprotective and this requires a phosphorylatable form of this protein. To further understand the regulation of hsp27 in heart in response to stress, we investigated the ability of elevated aortic pressure to activate hsp27-kinase activities. Isolated hearts were subjected to retrograde perfusion and then snap frozen. Hsp27-kinase activity was measured in vitro as hsp27 phosphorylation. Immune complex assays revealed that MK2 activity was low in non-perfused hearts and increased following crystalline perfusion at 60 or 120 mmHg. Hsp27-kinase activities were further studied following ion-exchange chromatography. Anion exchange chromatography on Mono Q revealed 2 peaks (b and c) of hsp27-kinase activity. A third peak a was detected upon chromatography of the Mono Q flow-through fractions on the cation exchange resin, Mono S. The hsp27-kinase activity underlying peaks a and c increased as perfusion pressure was increased from 40 to 120 mmHg. In contrast, peak b increased over pressures 60-100 mmHg but was decreased at 120 mmHg. Peaks a, b, and c contained MK2 immunoreactivity, whereas MK3 and MK5 immunoreactivity was detected in peak a. p38 MAPK and phospho-p38 MAPK were also detected in peaks b and c but absent from peak a. Hsp27-kinase activity in peaks b and c (120 mmHg) eluted from a Superose 12 gel filtration column with an apparent molecular mass of 50 kDa. Hence, peaks b and c were not a result of MK2 forming complexes. In-gel hsp27-kinase assays revealed a single 49-kDa renaturable hsp27-kinase activity in peaks b and c at 60 mmHg, whereas several hsp27-kinases (p43, p49, p54, p66) were detected in peaks b and c from hearts perfused at 120 mmHg. Thus, multiple hsp27-kinases were activated in response to elevated aortic pressure in isolated, perfused rat hearts and hence may be implicated in regulating the cardioprotective effects of hsp27 and thus may represent targets for cardioprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Boivin
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger St., Montreal, QC, H1T 1C8, Canada
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Nerve growth factor-induced cell cycle reentry in newborn neurons is triggered by p38MAPK-dependent E2F4 phosphorylation. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:2722-37. [PMID: 22586272 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00239-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulative evidence indicates that activation of cyclin D-dependent kinase 4/6 (cdk4/6) represents a major trigger of cell cycle reentry and apoptosis in vertebrate neurons. We show here the existence of another mechanism triggering cell cycle reentry in differentiating chick retinal neurons (DCRNs), based on phosphorylation of E2F4 by p38(MAPK). We demonstrate that the activation of p75(NTR) by nerve growth factor (NGF) induces nuclear p38(MAPK) kinase activity, which leads to Thr phosphorylation and subsequent recruitment of E2F4 to the E2F-responsive cdc2 promoter. Inhibition of p38(MAPK), but not of cdk4/6, specifically prevents NGF-dependent cell cycle reentry and apoptosis in DCRNs. Moreover, a constitutively active form of chick E2F4 (Thr261Glu/Thr263Glu) stimulates G(1)/S transition and apoptosis, even after inhibition of p38(MAPK) activity. In contrast, a dominant-negative E2F4 form (Thr261Ala/Thr263Ala) prevents NGF-induced cell cycle reactivation and cell death in DCRNs. These results indicate that NGF-induced cell cycle reentry in neurons depends on the activation of a novel, cdk4/6-independent pathway that may participate in neurodegeneration.
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Speicher T, Köhler UA, Choukèr A, Werner S, Weiland T, Wendel A. Fructose protects murine hepatocytes from tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis by modulating JNK signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:1837-46. [PMID: 22086922 PMCID: PMC3265865 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.266742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose-induced hepatic ATP depletion prevents TNF-induced apoptosis, whereas it contrarily enhances CD95-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. By contrast, transformed liver cells are not protected against TNF due to metabolic alterations, allowing selective tumor targeting. We analyzed the molecular mechanisms by which fructose modulates cytokine-induced apoptosis. A release of adenosine after fructose-induced ATP depletion, followed by a cAMP response, was demonstrated. Likewise, cAMP and adenosine mimicked per se the modulation by fructose of CD95- and TNF-induced apoptosis. The effects of fructose on cytokine-induced apoptosis were sensitive to inhibition of protein kinase A. Fructose prevented the pro-apoptotic, sustained phase of TNF-induced JNK signaling and thereby blocked bid-mediated activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in a PKA-dependent manner. We explain the dichotomal effects of fructose on CD95- and TNF-induced cell death by the selective requirement of JNK signaling for the latter. These findings provide a mechanistic rationale for the protection of hepatocytes from TNF-induced cell death by pharmacological doses of fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Speicher
- From the Chair of Biochemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
- the Insitute of Cell Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike A. Köhler
- From the Chair of Biochemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Alexander Choukèr
- the Department of Anesthesiology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich D-81377, Germany, and
| | - Sabine Werner
- the Insitute of Cell Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Timo Weiland
- From the Chair of Biochemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
| | - Albrecht Wendel
- From the Chair of Biochemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
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Takeshima H, Kobayashi N, Koguchi W, Ishikawa M, Sugiyama F, Ishimitsu T. Cardioprotective effect of a combination of Rho-kinase inhibitor and p38 MAPK inhibitor on cardiovascular remodeling and oxidative stress in Dahl rats. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 19:326-36. [PMID: 22166971 DOI: 10.5551/jat.11114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Rho-kinase plays a critical role in various cellular functions. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) plays a central role in the inflammatory cytokine response to immune challenge. We evaluated the effects of a combination of fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, and FR167653, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, on cardiovascular remodeling, inflammation, and oxidative stress in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive (DS) rats. METHODS DS and Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats were fed a high-salt diet at 6 weeks of age. Vehicle, fasudil (100 mg/kg per day), FR167653 (2 mg/kg per day), and a combination of fasudil and FR167653 were administered to 6-week-old DS rats for 5 weeks. RESULTS At the age of 11 weeks, in the left ventricle, DS rats were characterized by increased myocardial fibrosis, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT-1), and NAD(P)H oxidase p22(phox), p47(phox), gp91(phox), tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β expression compared with DR rats. Fasudil improved cardiovascular remodeling, inflammation, NAD(P)H oxidase subunits, and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and MYPT-1. FR167653 also similarly ameliorated these indices but not MYPT-1 phosphorylation. Compared with either agent alone, a combination of fasudil and FR167653 was more effective for the improvement of myocardial damage, inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the Rho-kinase and p38 MAPK pathways may play a pivotal role in ventricular hypertrophy; thus, we obtained the first evidence that a combination of Rho-kinase inhibitor and p38 MAPK inhibitor may provide a potential therapeutic target in hypertension with cardiovascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takeshima
- Department of Hypertension and Cardiorenal Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
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Vainio L, Perjes A, Ryti N, Magga J, Alakoski T, Serpi R, Kaikkonen L, Piuhola J, Szokodi I, Ruskoaho H, Kerkelä R. Neuronostatin, a novel peptide encoded by somatostatin gene, regulates cardiac contractile function and cardiomyocyte survival. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:4572-80. [PMID: 22170057 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.289215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronostatin, a recently discovered peptide encoded by somatostatin gene, is involved in regulation of neuronal function, blood pressure, food intake, and drinking behavior. However, the biological effects of neuronostatin on cardiac myocytes are not known, and the intracellular signaling mechanisms induced by neuronostatin remain unidentified. We analyzed the effect of neuronostatin in isolated perfused rat hearts and in cultured primary cardiomyocytes. Neuronostatin infusion alone had no effect on left ventricular (LV) contractile function or on isoprenaline- or preload-induced increase in cardiac contractility. However, infusion of neuronostatin significantly decreased the positive inotropic response to endothelin-1 (ET-1). This was associated with an increase in phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Treatment of both neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes with neuronostatin resulted in reduced cardiomyocyte viability. Inhibition of JNK further increased the neuronostatin-induced cell death. We conclude that neuronostatin regulates cardiac contractile function and cardiomyocyte survival. Receptors for neuronostatin need to be identified to further characterize the biological functions of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vainio
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
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Bass GT, Ryall KA, Katikapalli A, Taylor BE, Dang ST, Acton ST, Saucerman JJ. Automated image analysis identifies signaling pathways regulating distinct signatures of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 52:923-30. [PMID: 22142594 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is controlled by a complex signal transduction and gene regulatory network, containing multiple layers of crosstalk and feedback. While numerous individual components of this network have been identified, understanding how these elements are coordinated to regulate heart growth remains a challenge. Past approaches to measure cardiac myocyte hypertrophy have been manual and often qualitative, hindering the ability to systematically characterize the network's higher-order control structure and identify therapeutic targets. Here, we develop and validate an automated image analysis approach for objectively quantifying multiple hypertrophic phenotypes from immunofluorescence images. This approach incorporates cardiac myocyte-specific optimizations and provides quantitative measures of myocyte size, elongation, circularity, sarcomeric organization, and cell-cell contact. As a proof-of-concept, we examined the hypertrophic response to α-adrenergic, β-adrenergic, tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and fetal bovine serum pathways. While all five hypertrophic pathways increased myocyte size, other hypertrophic metrics were differentially regulated, forming a distinct phenotype signature for each pathway. Sarcomeric organization was uniquely enhanced by α-adrenergic signaling. TNFα and α-adrenergic pathways markedly decreased cell circularity due to increased myocyte protrusion. Surprisingly, adrenergic and IGF-1 pathways differentially regulated myocyte-myocyte contact, potentially forming a feed-forward loop that regulates hypertrophy. Automated image analysis unlocks a range of new quantitative phenotypic data, aiding dissection of the complex hypertrophic signaling network and enabling myocyte-based high-content drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Bass
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0759, USA
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45
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Wang J, Chen L, Ko CI, Zhang L, Puga A, Xia Y. Distinct signaling properties of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases 4 (MKK4) and 7 (MKK7) in embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:2787-97. [PMID: 22130668 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.281915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways are integral components of the developmental regulatory network that guides progressive cell fate determination. MKK4 and MKK7 are upstream kinases of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), responsible for channeling physiological and environmental signals to their cellular responses. Both kinases are essential for survival of mouse embryos, but because of embryonic lethality, their precise developmental roles remain largely unknown. Using gene knock-out mouse ESCs, we studied the roles of MKK4 and MKK7 in differentiation in vitro. While MKK4 and MKK7 were dispensable for ESC self-renewal and pluripotency maintenance, they exhibited unique signaling and functional properties in differentiation. MKK4 and MKK7 complemented each other in activation of the JNK-c-Jun cascades and loss of both led to senescence upon cell differentiation. On the other hand, MKK4 and MKK7 had opposite effects on activation of the p38 cascades during differentiation. Specifically, MKK7 reduced p38 activation, while Mkk7(-/-) ESCs had elevated phosphorylation of MKK4, p38, and ATF2, and increased MEF2C expression. Consequently, Mkk7(-/-) ESCs had higher expression of MHC and MLC and enhanced formation of contractile cardiomyocytes. In contrast, MKK4 was required for p38 activation and Mkk4(-/-) ESCs exhibited diminished p-ATF2 and MEF2C expression, resulting in impaired MHC induction and defective cardiomyocyte differentiation. Exogenous MKK4 expression partially restored the ability of Mkk4(-/-) ESCs to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Our results uncover complementary and interdependent roles of MKK4 and MKK7 in development, and identify the essential requirement for MKK4 in p38 activation and cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcai Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45367-0056, USA
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46
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Sari FR, Widyantoro B, Thandavarayan RA, Harima M, Lakshmanan AP, Zhang S, Muslin AJ, Suzuki K, Kodama M, Watanabe K. Attenuation of CHOP-mediated myocardial apoptosis in pressure-overloaded dominant negative p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase mice. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 27:487-96. [PMID: 21691066 DOI: 10.1159/000329970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Pressure overload stimulation is known to elicit disturbances in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which leads to ER stress (ERS). p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays an important role in mediating apoptotic processes, however, the roles of this kinase in activating ERS-initiated apoptosis in pressure-overloaded hearts are largely unknown. METHODS We clarified the role of p38α MAPK in ERS-associated apoptosis by subjecting transgenic mice displaying cardiac specific dominant negative (DN) mutant p38α MAPK over-expression to seven day pressure overload. RESULTS Seven days pressure overload resulted in the same extent of cardiac hypertrophy and ERS in the wild-type (WT) and DN p38α mice compared with the sham mice. It also activated inositol-requiring enzyme (Ire)-1α and its downstream molecule, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor (TRAF)2 in the WT and DN p38α mice compared with the sham mice. Interestingly, increased myocardial apoptosis and the up-regulation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homology protein (CHOP) expression compared with those in the sham mice were found in the aortic-banded WT mice, but not in the DN p38α mice. CONCLUSION Partial inhibition of p38α protein blocked the activation of CHOP-mediated apoptotic processes during pressure overload by partially inhibiting signaling from the Ire-1α/TRAF2 to its down-stream molecule, CHOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flori R Sari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Higashijima, Niigata City, Japan
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Elnakish MT, Awad MM, Hassona MDH, Alhaj MA, Kulkarni A, Citro LA, Sayyid M, Abouelnaga ZA, El-Sayed O, Kuppusamy P, Moldovan L, Khan M, Hassanain HH. Cardiac remodeling caused by transgenic overexpression of a corn Rac gene. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H868-80. [PMID: 21622832 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00807.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rac1-GTPase activation plays a key role in the development and progression of cardiac remodeling. Therefore, we engineered a transgenic mouse model by overexpressing cDNA of a constitutively active form of Zea maize Rac gene (ZmRacD) specifically in the hearts of FVB/N mice. Echocardiography and MRI analyses showed cardiac hypertrophy in old transgenic mice, as evidenced by increased left ventricular (LV) mass and LV mass-to-body weight ratio, which are associated with relative ventricular chamber dilation and systolic dysfunction. LV hypertrophy in the hearts of old transgenic mice was further confirmed by an increased heart weight-to-body weight ratio and histopathology analysis. The cardiac remodeling in old transgenic mice was coupled with increased myocardial Rac-GTPase activity (372%) and ROS production (462%). There were also increases in α(1)-integrin (224%) and β(1)-integrin (240%) expression. This led to the activation of hypertrophic signaling pathways, e.g., ERK1/2 (295%) and JNK (223%). Pravastatin treatment led to inhibition of Rac-GTPase activity and integrin signaling. Interestingly, activation of ZmRacD expression with thyroxin led to cardiac dilation and systolic dysfunction in adult transgenic mice within 2 wk. In conclusion, this is the first study to show the conservation of Rho/Rac proteins between plant and animal kingdoms in vivo. Additionally, ZmRacD is a novel transgenic model that gradually develops a cardiac phenotype with aging. Furthermore, the shift from cardiac hypertrophy to dilated hearts via thyroxin treatment will provide us with an excellent system to study the temporal changes in cardiac signaling from adaptive to maladaptive hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Elnakish
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Tapping the brake on cardiac growth-endogenous repressors of hypertrophic signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:156-67. [PMID: 21586293 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is considered an early hallmark during the clinical course of heart failure and an important risk factor for cardiac morbidity and mortality. Although hypertrophy of individual cardiomyocytes in response to pathological stimuli has traditionally been considered as an adaptive response required to sustain cardiac output, accumulating evidence from studies in patients and animal models suggests that in most instances hypertrophy of the heart also harbors maladaptive aspects. Major strides have been made in our understanding of the pathways that convey pro-hypertrophic signals from the outside of the cell to the nucleus. In recent years it also has become increasingly evident that the heart possesses a variety of endogenous feedback mechanisms to counterbalance this growth response. These repressive mechanisms are of particular interest since they may provide valuable therapeutic options. In this review we summarize currently known endogenous repressors of pathological cardiac growth as they have been studied by gene targeting in mice. Many of the repressors that function in signal transduction appear to regulate calcineurin (e.g. PICOT, calsarcin, RCAN) and JNK signaling (e.g. CDC42, MKP-1) and some will be described in greater detail in this review. In addition, we will focus on factors such as Kruppel-like factors (KLF4, KLF15 and KLF10) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which constitute a relevant group of nuclear proteins that repress transcription of the hypertrophic gene program in cardiomyocytes.
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Hedayat M, Mahmoudi MJ, Rose NR, Rezaei N. Proinflammatory cytokines in heart failure: double-edged swords. Heart Fail Rev 2011; 15:543-62. [PMID: 20405319 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-010-9168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increased circulating and intracardiac levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been associated with chronic heart failure. Following an initial insult, the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, and IL-18, jeopardizes the surrounding tissue through propagation of the inflammatory response and direct effects on the cardiac myocyte structure and function. Cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, contractile dysfunction, cardiac myocyte apoptosis, and extracellular matrix remodeling contribute enormously to the development and progression of chronic heart failure. Despite the identification of efficacious pharmacological regimens and introduction of mechanical interventions, chronic heart failure remains among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. To introduce novel therapeutic strategies that modulate the inflammatory response in the context of the failing heart, it is of prime importance to determine the contributions of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1, and IL-18 in mediating cardiac adaptive and maladaptive responses, as well as delineating their downstream intracellular signaling pathways and their potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hedayat
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Komati H, Maharsy W, Beauregard J, Hayek S, Nemer M. ZFP260 is an inducer of cardiac hypertrophy and a nuclear mediator of endothelin-1 signaling. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:1508-16. [PMID: 21051538 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.162966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure and volume overload induce hypertrophic growth of postnatal cardiomyocytes and genetic reprogramming characterized by reactivation of a subset of fetal genes. Despite intense efforts, the nuclear effectors of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy remain incompletely defined. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays an important role in cardiomyocyte growth and is involved in mediating the neurohormonal effects of mechanical stress. Here, we show that the phenylephrine-induced complex-1 (PEX1), also known as zinc finger transcription factor ZFP260, is essential for cardiomyocyte response to ET-1 as evidenced in cardiomyocytes with PEX1 knockdown. We found that ET-1 enhances PEX1 transcriptional activity via a PKC-dependent pathway which phosphorylates the protein and further potentiates its synergy with GATA4. Consistent with a role for PEX1 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, overexpression of PEX1 is sufficient to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, transgenic mice with inducible PEX1 expression in the adult heart develop cardiac hypertrophy with preserved heart function. Together, the results identify a novel nuclear effector of ET-1 signaling and suggest that PEX1 may be a regulator of the early stages of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Komati
- Laboratory of Cardiac Development and Differentiation, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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