1
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Tang S, Koo J, Pourhosseinzadeh M, Nguyen E, Liu N, Ma C, Lu H, Lee M, Hunter N. Synaptonemal complex protects double-Holliday junctions during meiosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.14.613089. [PMID: 39314413 PMCID: PMC11419148 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.14.613089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal linkages formed through crossover recombination are essential for accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis1. DNA events of recombination are spatially and functionally linked to structural components of meiotic chromosomes2. Imperatively, biased resolution of double-Holliday junction (dHJ) intermediates into crossovers3,4 occurs within the synaptonemal complex (SC), the meiosis-specific structure that mediates homolog synapsis during the pachytene stage5,6. However, the SC's role in crossing over remains unclear. Here we show that SC promotes crossover-specific resolution by protecting dHJs from unscheduled and aberrant resolution. When key SC components are conditionally inactivated during pachytene, dHJs are resolved into noncrossover products by Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 (STR), the yeast ortholog of the human BLM complex7. Cohesin, the core component of SC lateral elements, plays a primary role in chromatin organization and is required to maintain both SCs and crossover recombination complexes (CRCs) during pachytene. SC central region component Zip1 is required to maintain CRCs even when dHJs are stabilized by inactivating STR. Reciprocally, SC stability requires continuous presence of CRCs, an unanticipated interdependence with important implications for SC dynamics. In conclusion, through hierarchical and interdependent functions of its key components, the SC enables crossover-specific dHJ resolution and thereby ensures the linkage and segregation of homologous chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangming Tang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer Koo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Pourhosseinzadeh
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Emerald Nguyen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Ma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hanyu Lu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Monica Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Neil Hunter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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2
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Varela Salgado M, Piatti S. Septin Organization and Dynamics for Budding Yeast Cytokinesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:642. [PMID: 39330402 PMCID: PMC11433133 DOI: 10.3390/jof10090642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis, the process by which the cytoplasm divides to generate two daughter cells after mitosis, is a crucial stage of the cell cycle. Successful cytokinesis must be coordinated with chromosome segregation and requires the fine orchestration of several processes, such as constriction of the actomyosin ring, membrane reorganization, and, in fungi, cell wall deposition. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as budding yeast, septins play a pivotal role in the control of cytokinesis by assisting the assembly of the cytokinetic machinery at the division site and controlling its activity. Yeast septins form a collar at the division site that undergoes major dynamic transitions during the cell cycle. This review discusses the functions of septins in yeast cytokinesis, their regulation and the implications of their dynamic remodelling for cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritzaida Varela Salgado
- CRBM (Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Simonetta Piatti
- CRBM (Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, 34293 Montpellier, France
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3
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Connors CQ, Mauro MS, Wiles JT, Countryman AD, Martin SL, Lacroix B, Shirasu-Hiza M, Dumont J, Kasza KE, Davies TR, Canman JC. Germ fate determinants protect germ precursor cell division by reducing septin and anillin levels at the cell division plane. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar94. [PMID: 38696255 PMCID: PMC11244169 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-02-0096-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal cell cytokinesis, or the physical division of one cell into two, is thought to be driven by constriction of an actomyosin contractile ring at the division plane. The mechanisms underlying cell type-specific differences in cytokinesis remain unknown. Germ cells are totipotent cells that pass genetic information to the next generation. Previously, using formincyk-1(ts) mutant Caenorhabditis elegans 4-cell embryos, we found that the P2 germ precursor cell is protected from cytokinesis failure and can divide with greatly reduced F-actin levels at the cell division plane. Here, we identified two canonical germ fate determinants required for P2-specific cytokinetic protection: PIE-1 and POS-1. Neither has been implicated previously in cytokinesis. These germ fate determinants protect P2 cytokinesis by reducing the accumulation of septinUNC-59 and anillinANI-1 at the division plane, which here act as negative regulators of cytokinesis. These findings may provide insight into the regulation of cytokinesis in other cell types, especially in stem cells with high potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Q. Connors
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Michael S. Mauro
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - J. Tristian Wiles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | | | - Sophia L. Martin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Benjamin Lacroix
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
- Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, UMR 5237 Montpellier, France
| | - Mimi Shirasu-Hiza
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Julien Dumont
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Karen E. Kasza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Timothy R. Davies
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Julie C. Canman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
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4
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Yang Y, Li Y, Sears RC, Sun XX, Dai MS. SUMOylation regulation of ribosome biogenesis: Emerging roles for USP36. FRONTIERS IN RNA RESEARCH 2024; 2:1389104. [PMID: 38764604 PMCID: PMC11101209 DOI: 10.3389/frnar.2024.1389104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is essential for cell growth, proliferation, and animal development. Its deregulation leads to various human disorders such as ribosomopathies and cancer. Thus, tight regulation of ribosome biogenesis is crucial for normal cell homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that posttranslational modifications such as ubiquitination and SUMOylation play a crucial role in regulating ribosome biogenesis. Our recent studies reveal that USP36, a nucleolar deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), acts also as a SUMO ligase to regulate nucleolar protein group SUMOylation, thereby being essential for ribosome biogenesis. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the SUMOylation regulation of ribosome biogenesis and discuss the role of USP36 in nucleolar SUMOylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Yang
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rosalie C. Sears
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Xiao-Xin Sun
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Mu-Shui Dai
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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5
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Zheng S, Zheng B, Fu C. The Roles of Septins in Regulating Fission Yeast Cytokinesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:115. [PMID: 38392788 PMCID: PMC10890454 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is required to separate two daughter cells at the end of mitosis, and septins play crucial roles in many aspects of cytokinesis. While septins have been intensively studied in many model organisms, including the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, septins have been relatively less characterized in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which has proven to be an excellent model organism for studying fundamental cell biology. In this review, we summarize the findings of septins made in fission yeasts mainly from four aspects: the domain structure of septins, the localization of septins during the cell cycle, the roles of septins in regulating cytokinesis, and the regulatory proteins of septins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology & Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Biyu Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology & Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Chuanhai Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics and Chemical Biology & Hefei National Research Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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6
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Müller J, Furlan M, Settele D, Grupp B, Johnsson N. Transient septin sumoylation steers a Fir1-Skt5 protein complex between the split septin ring. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202301027. [PMID: 37938157 PMCID: PMC10631487 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202301027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitylation and phosphorylation control composition and architecture of the cell separation machinery in yeast and other eukaryotes. The significance of septin sumoylation on cell separation remained an enigma. Septins form an hourglass structure at the bud neck of yeast cells that transforms into a split septin double ring during mitosis. We discovered that sumoylated septins recruit the cytokinesis checkpoint protein Fir1 to the peripheral side of the septin hourglass just before its transformation into the double-ring configuration. As this transition occurs, Fir1 is released from the septins and seamlessly relocates between the split septin rings through synchronized binding to the scaffold Spa2. Fir1 binds and carries the membrane-bound Skt5 on its route to the division plane where the Fir1-Skt5 complex serves as receptor for chitin synthase III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Müller
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Monique Furlan
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - David Settele
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benjamin Grupp
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nils Johnsson
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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7
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Connors CQ, Mauro MS, Tristian Wiles J, Countryman AD, Martin SL, Lacroix B, Shirasu-Hiza M, Dumont J, Kasza KE, Davies TR, Canman JC. Germ fate determinants protect germ precursor cell division by restricting septin and anillin levels at the division plane. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.17.566773. [PMID: 38014027 PMCID: PMC10680835 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.566773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Animal cell cytokinesis, or the physical division of one cell into two, is thought to be driven by constriction of an actomyosin contractile ring at the division plane. The mechanisms underlying cell type-specific differences in cytokinesis remain unknown. Germ cells are totipotent cells that pass genetic information to the next generation. Previously, using formin cyk-1 (ts) mutant C. elegans embryos, we found that the P2 germ precursor cell is protected from cytokinesis failure and can divide without detectable F-actin at the division plane. Here, we identified two canonical germ fate determinants required for P2-specific cytokinetic protection: PIE-1 and POS-1. Neither has been implicated previously in cytokinesis. These germ fate determinants protect P2 cytokinesis by reducing the accumulation of septin UNC-59 and anillin ANI-1 at the division plane, which here act as negative regulators of cytokinesis. These findings may provide insight into cytokinetic regulation in other cell types, especially in stem cells with high potency.
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8
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Sharma K, Menon MB. Decoding post-translational modifications of mammalian septins. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:169-181. [PMID: 36797225 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Septins are cytoskeletal GTPases that form nonpolar filaments and higher-ordered structures and they take part in a wide range of cellular processes. Septins are conserved from yeast to mammals but absent from higher plants. The number of septin genes vary between organisms and they usually form complex heteropolymeric networks. Most septins are known to be capable of GTP hydrolysis which may regulate septin dynamics. Knowledge on regulation of septin function by post-translational modifications is still in its infancy. In this review article, we highlight the post-translational modifications reported for the 13 human septins and discuss their implications on septin functions. In addition to the functionally investigated modifications, we also try to make sense of the complex septin post-translational modification code revealed from large-scale phospho-proteomic datasets. Future studies may determine how these isoform-specific and homology group specific modifications affect septin structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Sharma
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj B Menon
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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9
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Kakizaki T, Abe H, Kotouge Y, Matsubuchi M, Sugou M, Honma C, Tsukuta K, Satoh S, Shioya T, Nakamura H, Cannon KS, Woods BL, Gladfelter A, Takeshita N, Muraguchi H. Live-cell imaging of septins and cell polarity proteins in the growing dikaryotic vegetative hypha of the model mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10132. [PMID: 37349479 PMCID: PMC10287680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The developmental biology underlying the morphogenesis of mushrooms remains poorly understood despite the essential role of fungi in the terrestrial environment and global carbon cycle. The mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea is a leading model system for the molecular and cellular basis of fungal morphogenesis. The dikaryotic vegetative hyphae of this fungus grow by tip growth with clamp cell formation, conjugate nuclear division, septation, subapical peg formation, and fusion of the clamp cell to the peg. Studying these processes provides many opportunities to gain insights into fungal cell morphogenesis. Here, we report the dynamics of five septins, as well as the regulators CcCla4, CcSpa2, and F-actin, visualized by tagging with fluorescent proteins, EGFP, PA-GFP or mCherry, in the growing dikaryotic vegetative hyphae. We also observed the nuclei using tagged Sumo proteins and histone H1. The five septins colocalized at the hyphal tip in the shape of a dome with a hole (DwH). CcSpa2-EGFP signals were observed in the hole, while CcCla4 signals were observed as the fluctuating dome at the hyphal tip. Before septation, CcCla4-EGFP was also occasionally recruited transiently around the future septum site. Fluorescent protein-tagged septins and F-actin together formed a contractile ring at the septum site. These distinct specialized growth machineries at different sites of dikaryotic vegetative hyphae provide a foundation to explore the differentiation program of various types of cells required for fruiting body formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kakizaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Haruki Abe
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Yuuka Kotouge
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Matsubuchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Mayu Sugou
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Chiharu Honma
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Kouki Tsukuta
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Souichi Satoh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shioya
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Hiroe Nakamura
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
| | - Kevin S Cannon
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin L Woods
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amy Gladfelter
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Norio Takeshita
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hajime Muraguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjo-nakano, Akita, 010-0195, Japan.
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10
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Grupp B, Gronemeyer T. A biochemical view on the septins, a less known component of the cytoskeleton. Biol Chem 2023; 404:1-13. [PMID: 36423333 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The septins are a conserved family of guanine nucleotide binding proteins, often named the fourth component of the cytoskeleton. They self-assemble into non-polar filaments and further into higher ordered structures. Properly assembled septin structures are required for a wide range of indispensable intracellular processes such as cytokinesis, vesicular transport, polarity establishment and cellular adhesion. Septins belong structurally to the P-Loop NTPases. However, unlike the small GTPases like Ras, septins do not mediate signals to effectors through GTP binding and hydrolysis. The role of nucleotide binding and subsequent GTP hydrolysis by the septins is rather controversially debated. We compile here the structural features from the existing septin crystal- and cryo-EM structures regarding protofilament formation, inter-subunit interface architecture and nucleotide binding and hydrolysis. These findings are supplemented with a summary of available biochemical studies providing information regarding nucleotide binding and hydrolysis of fungal and mammalian septins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Grupp
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, James Franck Ring N27, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronemeyer
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, Ulm University, James Franck Ring N27, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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11
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The SUMOylation Pathway Components Are Required for Vegetative Growth, Asexual Development, Cytotoxic Responses, and Programmed Cell Death Events in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010094. [PMID: 36675915 PMCID: PMC9866417 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is an essential protein modification process that regulates numerous crucial cellular and biochemical processes in phytopathogenic fungi, and thus plays important roles in multiple biological functions. The present study characterizes the SUMOylation pathway components, including SMT3 (SUMO), AOS1 (an E1 enzyme), UBC9 (an E2 enzyme), and MMS21 (an E3 ligase), in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon), the causative agent of watermelon Fusarium wilt, in terms of the phylogenetic relationship, gene/protein structures, and basic biological functions. The SUMOylation components FonSMT3, FonAOS1, FonUBC9, and FonMMS21 are predominantly located in the nucleus. FonSMT3, FonAOS1, FonUBC9, and FonMMS21 are highly expressed in the germinating macroconidia, but their expression is downregulated gradually in infected watermelon roots with the disease progression. The disruption of FonUBA2 and FonSIZ1 seems to be lethal in Fon. The deletion mutant strains for FonSMT3, FonAOS1, FonUBC9, and FonMMS21 are viable, but exhibit significant defects in vegetative growth, asexual reproduction, conidial morphology, spore germination, responses to metal ions and DNA-damaging agents, and apoptosis. The disruption of FonSMT3, FonAOS1, FonUBC9, and FonMMS21 enhances sensitivity to cell wall-perturbing agents, but confers tolerance to digestion by cell wall-degrading enzymes. Furthermore, the disruption of FonSMT3, FonAOS1, and FonUBC9 negatively regulates autophagy in Fon. Overall, these results demonstrate that the SUMOylation pathway plays vital roles in regulating multiple basic biological processes in Fon, and, thus, can serve as a potential target for developing a disease management approach to control Fusarium wilt in watermelon.
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12
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Loughran ST, Walls D. Tagging Recombinant Proteins to Enhance Solubility and Aid Purification. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2699:97-123. [PMID: 37646996 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3362-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein fusion technology has had a major impact on the efficient production and purification of individual recombinant proteins. The use of genetically engineered affinity and solubility-enhancing polypeptide "tags" has a long history, and there is a considerable repertoire of these that can be used to address issues related to the expression, stability, solubility, folding, and purification of their fusion partner. In the case of large-scale proteomic studies, the development of purification procedures tailored to individual proteins is not practicable, and affinity tags have become indispensable tools for structural and functional proteomic initiatives that involve the expression of many proteins in parallel. In this chapter, the rationale and applications of a range of established and more recently developed solubility-enhancing and affinity tags is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad T Loughran
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Health and Science, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Louth, Ireland.
| | - Dermot Walls
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Cavini IA, Leonardo DA, Rosa HVD, Castro DKSV, D'Muniz Pereira H, Valadares NF, Araujo APU, Garratt RC. The Structural Biology of Septins and Their Filaments: An Update. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:765085. [PMID: 34869357 PMCID: PMC8640212 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.765085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to fully understand any complex biochemical system from a mechanistic point of view, it is necessary to have access to the three-dimensional structures of the molecular components involved. Septins and their oligomers, filaments and higher-order complexes are no exception. Indeed, the spontaneous recruitment of different septin monomers to specific positions along a filament represents a fascinating example of subtle molecular recognition. Over the last few years, the amount of structural information available about these important cytoskeletal proteins has increased dramatically. This has allowed for a more detailed description of their individual domains and the different interfaces formed between them, which are the basis for stabilizing higher-order structures such as hexamers, octamers and fully formed filaments. The flexibility of these structures and the plasticity of the individual interfaces have also begun to be understood. Furthermore, recently, light has been shed on how filaments may bundle into higher-order structures by the formation of antiparallel coiled coils involving the C-terminal domains. Nevertheless, even with these advances, there is still some way to go before we fully understand how the structure and dynamics of septin assemblies are related to their physiological roles, including their interactions with biological membranes and other cytoskeletal components. In this review, we aim to bring together the various strands of structural evidence currently available into a more coherent picture. Although it would be an exaggeration to say that this is complete, recent progress seems to suggest that headway is being made in that direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo A Cavini
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Diego A Leonardo
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Higor V D Rosa
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Danielle K S V Castro
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil.,São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana P U Araujo
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Richard C Garratt
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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14
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Ptak C, Saik NO, Premashankar A, Lapetina DL, Aitchison JD, Montpetit B, Wozniak RW. Phosphorylation-dependent mitotic SUMOylation drives nuclear envelope-chromatin interactions. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212843. [PMID: 34787675 PMCID: PMC8641411 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, chromatin binding to the inner nuclear membrane (INM) and nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) contributes to spatial organization of the genome and epigenetic programs important for gene expression. In mitosis, chromatin–nuclear envelope (NE) interactions are lost and then formed again as sister chromosomes segregate to postmitotic nuclei. Investigating these processes in S. cerevisiae, we identified temporally and spatially controlled phosphorylation-dependent SUMOylation events that positively regulate postmetaphase chromatin association with the NE. Our work establishes a phosphorylation-mediated targeting mechanism of the SUMO ligase Siz2 to the INM during mitosis, where Siz2 binds to and SUMOylates the VAP protein Scs2. The recruitment of Siz2 through Scs2 is further responsible for a wave of SUMOylation along the INM that supports the assembly and anchorage of subtelomeric chromatin at the INM and localization of an active gene (INO1) to NPCs during the later stages of mitosis and into G1-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ptak
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natasha O Saik
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Diego L Lapetina
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Ben Montpetit
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Richard W Wozniak
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Dodat F, Mader S, Lévesque D. Minireview: What is Known about SUMOylation Among NR4A Family Members? J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167212. [PMID: 34437889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NR4A receptors, including NUR77 (NR4A1), NURR1 (NR4A2) and NOR-1 (NR4A3), form a family of nuclear receptors that act as transcription factors to regulate many physiological and pathological processes such as cell cycle and apoptosis, lipid metabolism, inflammation, carcinogenesis, vascular and neuronal functions. In the absence of known endogenous ligand modulating their physiological functions, the NR4A family remains a class of orphan receptors. However, several post-translational modifications (PTMs), including SUMOylation, have been shown to regulate the expression and/or activity of these receptors. Addition of Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO) proteins is a dynamic and reversible enzymatic process that regulates multiple essential functions of proteins, including nuclear receptors. This review aims at summarizing what is known about the impact of SUMOylation on NR4A family member transcriptional activities and physiological functions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Eukaryotic Cells/cytology
- Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammation
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Multigene Family
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/metabolism
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolism
- Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins/genetics
- Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins/metabolism
- Sumoylation
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatéma Dodat
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC) and Département de biochimie et de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Sylvie Mader
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC) and Département de biochimie et de médecine moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Lévesque
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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16
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PIAS1 Regulates Hepatitis C Virus-Induced Lipid Droplet Accumulation by Controlling Septin 9 and Microtubule Filament Assembly. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101327. [PMID: 34684276 PMCID: PMC8537804 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often leads to fibrosis and chronic hepatitis, then cirrhosis and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The processes of the HVC life cycle involve intimate interactions between viral and host cell proteins and lipid metabolism. However, the molecules and mechanisms involved in this tripartite interaction remain poorly understood. Herein, we show that the infection of HCC-derived Huh7.5 cells with HCV promotes upregulation of the protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1). Reciprocally, PIAS1 regulated the expression of HCV core protein and HCV-induced LD accumulation and impaired HCV replication. Furthermore, PIAS1 controlled HCV-promoted septin 9 filament formation and microtubule polymerization. Subsequently, we found that PIAS1 interacted with septin 9 and controlled its assembly on filaments, which thus affected septin 9-induced lipid droplet accumulation. Taken together, these data reveal that PIAS1 regulates the accumulation of lipid droplets and offer a meaningful insight into how HCV interacts with host proteins.
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17
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He W, Verhees GF, Bhagwat N, Yang Y, Kulkarni DS, Lombardo Z, Lahiri S, Roy P, Zhuo J, Dang B, Snyder A, Shastry S, Moezpoor M, Alocozy L, Lee KG, Painter D, Mukerji I, Hunter N. SUMO fosters assembly and functionality of the MutSγ complex to facilitate meiotic crossing over. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2073-2088.e3. [PMID: 34214491 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Crossing over is essential for chromosome segregation during meiosis. Protein modification by SUMO is implicated in crossover control, but pertinent targets have remained elusive. Here we identify Msh4 as a target of SUMO-mediated crossover regulation. Msh4 and Msh5 constitute the MutSγ complex, which stabilizes joint-molecule (JM) recombination intermediates and facilitates their resolution into crossovers. Msh4 SUMOylation enhances these processes to ensure that each chromosome pair acquires at least one crossover. Msh4 is directly targeted by E2 conjugase Ubc9, initially becoming mono-SUMOylated in response to DNA double-strand breaks, then multi/poly-SUMOylated forms arise as homologs fully engage. Mechanistically, SUMOylation fosters interaction between Msh4 and Msh5. We infer that initial SUMOylation of Msh4 enhances assembly of MutSγ in anticipation of JM formation, while secondary SUMOylation may promote downstream functions. Regulation of Msh4 by SUMO is distinct and independent of its previously described stabilization by phosphorylation, defining MutSγ as a hub for crossover control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gerrik F Verhees
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil Bhagwat
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ye Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dhananjaya S Kulkarni
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zane Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Molecular Biophysics Program, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Sudipta Lahiri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Molecular Biophysics Program, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Pritha Roy
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jiaming Zhuo
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brian Dang
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andriana Snyder
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shashank Shastry
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael Moezpoor
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lilly Alocozy
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kathy Gyehyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Painter
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ishita Mukerji
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Molecular Biophysics Program, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
| | - Neil Hunter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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18
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Juncker M, Kim C, Reed R, Haas A, Schwartzenburg J, Desai S. ISG15 attenuates post-translational modifications of mitofusins and congression of damaged mitochondria in Ataxia Telangiectasia cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166102. [PMID: 33617986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is defective in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T). However, the molecular mechanism underlying defective mitophagy in A-T is unknown. Literature indicates that damaged mitochondria are transported to the perinuclear region prior to their removal via mitophagy. Our previous work has indicated that conjugation of SUMO2 (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier 2) to mitofusins (Mfns) may be necessary for congression of mitochondria into SUMO2-/ubiquitin-/LC3-positive compact structures resembling mito-aggresomes at the perinuclear region in CCCP-treated HEK293 cells. Here, we demonstrate that Mfns are SUMOylated, and mitochondria are transported to the perinuclear region; however, mitochondria fail to congress into mito-aggresome-like structures in CCCP-treated A-T cells. Defect in mitochondrial congression is causally related to constitutively elevated ISG15 (Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15), an antagonist of the ubiquitin pathway, in A-T cells. Suppression of the ISG15 pathway restores mitochondrial congression, reduce oxidative stress, and level of unhealthy mitochondria, which is suggestive of restoration of mitophagy in A-T cells. ISG15 is also constitutively elevated and mitophagy is defective in Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). The constitutively elevated ISG15 pathway therefore appears to be a common unifying biochemical mechanism underlying defective mitophagy in neurodegenerative disorders thus, implying the broader significance of our findings, and suggest the potential role of ISG15 inhibitors in their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Juncker
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Catherine Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ryan Reed
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Arthur Haas
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Joshua Schwartzenburg
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shyamal Desai
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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19
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Kim C, Juncker M, Reed R, Haas A, Guidry J, Matunis M, Yang WC, Schwartzenburg J, Desai S. SUMOylation of mitofusins: A potential mechanism for perinuclear mitochondrial congression in cells treated with mitochondrial stressors. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166104. [PMID: 33617988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Depolarized/damaged mitochondria aggregate at the perinuclear region prior to mitophagy in cells treated with mitochondrial stressors. However, the cellular mechanism(s) by which damaged mitochondria are transported and remain aggregated at the perinuclear region is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mitofusins (Mfn1/2) are post-translationally modified by SUMO2 (Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier 2) in Human embryonic kidney 293 (Hek293) cells treated with protonophore CCCP and proteasome inhibitor MG132, both known mitochondrial stressors. SUMOylation of Mfn1/2 is not for their proteasomal degradation but facilitate mitochondrial congression at the perinuclear region in CCCP- and MG132-treated cells. Additionally, congressed mitochondria (mito-aggresomes) colocalize with LC3, ubiquitin, and SUMO2 in CCCP-treated cells. Knowing that SUMO functions as a "molecular glue" to facilitate protein-protein interactions, we propose that SUMOylation of Mfn1/2 may congress, glues, and confines damaged mitochondria to the perinuclear region thereby, protectively quarantining them from the heathy mitochondrial network until their removal via mitophagy in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Meredith Juncker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ryan Reed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Arthur Haas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jessie Guidry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Michael Matunis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Wei-Chih Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joshua Schwartzenburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Shyamal Desai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC-School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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20
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Shared and distinct roles of Esc2 and Mms21 in suppressing genome rearrangements and regulating intracellular sumoylation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247132. [PMID: 33600463 PMCID: PMC7891725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein sumoylation, especially when catalyzed by the Mms21 SUMO E3 ligase, plays a major role in suppressing duplication-mediated gross chromosomal rearrangements (dGCRs). How Mms21 targets its substrates in the cell is insufficiently understood. Here, we demonstrate that Esc2, a protein with SUMO-like domains (SLDs), recruits the Ubc9 SUMO conjugating enzyme to specifically facilitate Mms21-dependent sumoylation and suppress dGCRs. The D430R mutation in Esc2 impairs its binding to Ubc9 and causes a synergistic growth defect and accumulation of dGCRs with mutations that delete the Siz1 and Siz2 E3 ligases. By contrast, esc2-D430R does not appreciably affect sensitivity to DNA damage or the dGCRs caused by the catalytically inactive mms21-CH. Moreover, proteome-wide analysis of intracellular sumoylation demonstrates that esc2-D430R specifically down-regulates sumoylation levels of Mms21-preferred targets, including the nucleolar proteins, components of the SMC complexes and the MCM complex that acts as the catalytic core of the replicative DNA helicase. These effects closely resemble those caused by mms21-CH, and are relatively unaffected by deleting Siz1 and Siz2. Thus, by recruiting Ubc9, Esc2 facilitates Mms21-dependent sumoylation to suppress the accumulation of dGCRs independent of Siz1 and Siz2.
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21
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Bhagwat NR, Owens SN, Ito M, Boinapalli JV, Poa P, Ditzel A, Kopparapu S, Mahalawat M, Davies OR, Collins SR, Johnson JR, Krogan NJ, Hunter N. SUMO is a pervasive regulator of meiosis. eLife 2021; 10:57720. [PMID: 33502312 PMCID: PMC7924959 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein modification by SUMO helps orchestrate the elaborate events of meiosis to faithfully produce haploid gametes. To date, only a handful of meiotic SUMO targets have been identified. Here, we delineate a multidimensional SUMO-modified meiotic proteome in budding yeast, identifying 2747 conjugation sites in 775 targets, and defining their relative levels and dynamics. Modified sites cluster in disordered regions and only a minority match consensus motifs. Target identities and modification dynamics imply that SUMOylation regulates all levels of chromosome organization and each step of meiotic prophase I. Execution-point analysis confirms these inferences, revealing functions for SUMO in S-phase, the initiation of recombination, chromosome synapsis and crossing over. K15-linked SUMO chains become prominent as chromosomes synapse and recombine, consistent with roles in these processes. SUMO also modifies ubiquitin, forming hybrid oligomers with potential to modulate ubiquitin signaling. We conclude that SUMO plays diverse and unanticipated roles in regulating meiotic chromosome metabolism. Most mammalian, yeast and other eukaryote cells have two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, which contain all the cell’s DNA. Sex cells – like the sperm and egg – however, have half the number of chromosomes and are formed by a specialized type of cell division known as meiosis. At the start of meiosis, each cell replicates its chromosomes so that it has twice the amount of DNA. The cell then undergoes two rounds of division to form sex cells which each contain only one set of chromosomes. Before the cell divides, the two duplicated sets of chromosomes pair up and swap sections of their DNA. This exchange allows each new sex cell to have a unique combination of DNA, resulting in offspring that are genetically distinct from their parents. This complex series of events is tightly regulated, in part, by a protein called the 'small ubiquitin-like modifier' (or SUMO for short), which attaches itself to other proteins and modifies their behavior. This process, known as SUMOylation, can affect a protein’s stability, where it is located in the cell and how it interacts with other proteins. However, despite SUMO being known as a key regulator of meiosis, only a handful of its protein targets have been identified. To gain a better understanding of what SUMO does during meiosis, Bhagwat et al. set out to find which proteins are targeted by SUMO in budding yeast and to map the specific sites of modification. The experiments identified 2,747 different sites on 775 different proteins, suggesting that SUMO regulates all aspects of meiosis. Consistently, inactivating SUMOylation at different times revealed SUMO plays a role at every stage of meiosis, including the replication of DNA and the exchanges between chromosomes. In depth analysis of the targeted proteins also revealed that SUMOylation targets different groups of proteins at different stages of meiosis and interacts with other protein modifications, including the ubiquitin system which tags proteins for destruction. The data gathered by Bhagwat et al. provide a starting point for future research into precisely how SUMO proteins control meiosis in yeast and other organisms. In humans, errors in meiosis are the leading cause of pregnancy loss and congenital diseases. Most of the proteins identified as SUMO targets in budding yeast are also present in humans. So, this research could provide a platform for medical advances in the future. The next step is to study mammalian models, such as mice, to confirm that the regulation of meiosis by SUMO is the same in mammals as in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil R Bhagwat
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Shannon N Owens
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Masaru Ito
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Jay V Boinapalli
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Philip Poa
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Alexander Ditzel
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Srujan Kopparapu
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Meghan Mahalawat
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Owen Richard Davies
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sean R Collins
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Johnson
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Neil Hunter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, United States.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, United States
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22
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Rodrigues RR, Alves Ferreira MR, Donassolo RA, Ferreira Alves ML, Motta JF, Junior CM, Salvarani FM, Moreira AN, Conceicao FR. Evaluation of the expression and immunogenicity of four versions of recombinant Clostridium perfringens beta toxin designed by bioinformatics tools. Anaerobe 2021; 69:102326. [PMID: 33508438 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Beta toxins (CPB) produced by Clostridium perfringens type B and C cause various diseases in animals, and the use of toxoids is an important prophylactic measure against such diseases. Promising recombinant toxoids have been developed recently. However, both soluble and insoluble proteins expressed in Escherichia coli can interfere with the production and immunogenicity of these antigens. In this context, bioinformatics tools have been used to design new versions of the beta toxin, and levels of expression and solubility were evaluated in different strains of E. coli. The immunogenicity in sheep was assessed using the molecule with the greatest potential that was selected on analyzing these results. In silico analyzes, greater mRNA stability (-169.70 kcal/mol), solubility (-0.755), and better tertiary structure (-0.12) were shown by rCPB-C. None of the strains of E. coli expressed rFH8-CPB, but a high level of expression and solubility was shown by rCPB-C. Higher levels of total and neutralizing anti-CPB antibodies were observed in sheep inoculated with bacterins containing rCPB-C. Thus, this study suggests that due to higher productivity of rCPB-C in E. coli and immunogenicity, it is considered as the most promising molecule for the production of a recombinant vaccine against diseases caused by the beta toxin produced by C. perfringens type B and C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafael Amaral Donassolo
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico/Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariliana Luiza Ferreira Alves
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico/Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Instituto Federal Sul-rio-grandense, IFSul, Campus Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Freitas Motta
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico/Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Clovis Moreira Junior
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico/Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Masiero Salvarani
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Castanhal, CEP 68740-970, Pará, Brazil
| | - Angela Nunes Moreira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico/Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Doroodian P, Hua Z. The Ubiquitin Switch in Plant Stress Response. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:246. [PMID: 33514032 PMCID: PMC7911189 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin is a 76 amino acid polypeptide common to all eukaryotic organisms. It functions as a post-translationally modifying mark covalently linked to a large cohort of yet poorly defined protein substrates. The resulting ubiquitylated proteins can rapidly change their activities, cellular localization, or turnover through the 26S proteasome if they are no longer needed or are abnormal. Such a selective modification is essential to many signal transduction pathways particularly in those related to stress responses by rapidly enhancing or quenching output. Hence, this modification system, the so-called ubiquitin-26S proteasome system (UPS), has caught the attention in the plant research community over the last two decades for its roles in plant abiotic and biotic stress responses. Through direct or indirect mediation of plant hormones, the UPS selectively degrades key components in stress signaling to either negatively or positively regulate plant response to a given stimulus. As a result, a tightly regulated signaling network has become of much interest over the years. The ever-increasing changes of the global climate require both the development of new crops to cope with rapid changing environment and new knowledge to survey the dynamics of ecosystem. This review examines how the ubiquitin can switch and tune plant stress response and poses potential avenues to further explore this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paymon Doroodian
- Department of Environment and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Zhihua Hua
- Department of Environment and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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24
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González-Prieto R, Eifler-Olivi K, Claessens LA, Willemstein E, Xiao Z, Talavera Ormeno CMP, Ovaa H, Ulrich HD, Vertegaal ACO. Global non-covalent SUMO interaction networks reveal SUMO-dependent stabilization of the non-homologous end joining complex. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108691. [PMID: 33503430 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to our extensive knowledge on covalent small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) target proteins, we are limited in our understanding of non-covalent SUMO-binding proteins. We identify interactors of different SUMO isoforms-monomeric SUMO1, monomeric SUMO2, or linear trimeric SUMO2 chains-using a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach. We identify 379 proteins that bind to different SUMO isoforms, mainly in a preferential manner. Interestingly, XRCC4 is the only DNA repair protein in our screen with a preference for SUMO2 trimers over mono-SUMO2, as well as the only protein in our screen that belongs to the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA double-strand break repair pathway. A SUMO interaction motif (SIM) in XRCC4 regulates its recruitment to sites of DNA damage and phosphorylation of S320 by DNA-PKcs. Our data highlight the importance of non-covalent and covalent sumoylation for DNA double-strand break repair via the NHEJ pathway and provide a resource of SUMO isoform interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Román González-Prieto
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Karolin Eifler-Olivi
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura A Claessens
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin Willemstein
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Zhenyu Xiao
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cami M P Talavera Ormeno
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Helle D Ulrich
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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25
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Farkašovský M. Septin architecture and function in budding yeast. Biol Chem 2020; 401:903-919. [PMID: 31913844 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The septins constitute a conserved family of guanosine phosphate-binding and filament-forming proteins widespread across eukaryotic species. Septins appear to have two principal functions. One is to form a cortical diffusion barrier, like the septin collar at the bud neck of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which prevents movement of membrane-associated proteins between the mother and daughter cells. The second is to serve as a polymeric scaffold for recruiting the proteins required for critical cellular processes to particular subcellular areas. In the last decade, structural information about the different levels of septin organization has appeared, but crucial structural determinants and factors responsible for septin assembly remain largely unknown. This review highlights recent findings on the architecture and function of septins and their remodeling with an emphasis on mitotically dividing budding yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Farkašovský
- Department of Biochemistry and Protein Structure, Institute of Molecular Biology SAS, Dubravska cesta 21, 84551 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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26
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Velazhahan V, Glaza P, Herrera AI, Prakash O, Zolkiewski M, Geisbrecht BV, Schrick K. Dietary flavonoid fisetin binds human SUMO1 and blocks sumoylation of p53. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234468. [PMID: 32530958 PMCID: PMC7292393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are plant-derived compounds that occur abundantly in fruits and vegetables and have been shown to possess potent anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, their direct targets and molecular mechanism of action are not well characterized, hampering exploitation of the beneficial properties of flavonoids for drug development. Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO1) is attached to target proteins as part of a post-translational modification system implicated in a myriad of cellular processes from nuclear trafficking to transcriptional regulation. Using a combination of surface plasmon resonance, differential scanning fluorimetry and fluorescence quenching studies, we provide evidence for direct binding of the dietary flavonoid fisetin to human SUMO1. Our NMR chemical shift perturbation analyses reveal that binding to fisetin involves four conserved amino acid residues (L65, F66, E67, M82) previously shown to be important for conjugation of SUMO1 to target proteins. In vitro sumoylation experiments indicate that fisetin blocks sumoylation of tumor suppressor p53, consistent with fisetin negatively affecting post-translational modification and thus the biological activity of p53. A series of differential scanning fluorimetry experiments suggest that high concentrations of fisetin result in destabilization and unfolding of SUMO1, presenting a molecular mechanism by which flavonoid binding affects its activity. Overall, our data establish a novel direct interaction between fisetin and SUMO1, providing a mechanistic explanation for the ability of fisetin to modulate multiple key signaling pathways inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaithish Velazhahan
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Przemyslaw Glaza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Alvaro I. Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Om Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Michal Zolkiewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Brian V. Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Kathrin Schrick
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Dulal N, Rogers A, Wang Y, Egan M. Dynamic assembly of a higher-order septin structure during appressorium morphogenesis by the rice blast fungus. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 140:103385. [PMID: 32305452 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae differentiates a specialized infection structure called an appressorium, which is used to break into plant cells by directed application of enormous turgor force. Appressorium-mediated plant infection requires timely assembly of a higher-order septin ring structure at the base of the appressorium, which is needed to spatially orchestrate appressorium repolarization. Here we use quantitative 4D widefield fluorescence imaging to gain new insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of septin ring formation, and septin-mediated actin re-organization, during appressorium morphogenesis by M. oryzae. We anticipate that the new knowledge will provide a quantitative framework for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of higher-order septin ring assembly in this devastating plant pathogenic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaraj Dulal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas Systems Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Audra Rogers
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas Systems Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Physics, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Microelectronics Photonics Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Martin Egan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas Systems Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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28
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Lin YL, Chung CL, Chen MH, Chen CH, Fang SC. SUMO Protease SMT7 Modulates Ribosomal Protein L30 and Regulates Cell-Size Checkpoint Function. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1285-1307. [PMID: 32060174 PMCID: PMC7145494 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Proliferating cells actively coordinate growth and cell division to ensure cell-size homeostasis; however, the underlying mechanism through which size is controlled is poorly understood. Defect in a SUMO protease protein, suppressor of mat3 7 (SMT7), has been shown to reduce cell division number and increase cell size of the small-size mutant mating type locus 3-4 (mat3-4), which contains a defective retinoblastoma tumor suppressor-related protein of Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii). Here we describe development of an in vitro SUMOylation system using Chlamydomonas components and use it to provide evidence that SMT7 is a bona fide SUMO protease. We further demonstrate that the SUMO protease activity is required for supernumerous mitotic divisions of the mat3-4 cells. In addition, we identified RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN L30 (RPL30) as a prime SMT7 target and demonstrated that its SUMOylation is an important modulator of cell division in mat3-4 cells. Loss of SMT7 caused elevated SUMOylated RPL30 levels. Importantly, overexpression of the translational fusion version of RPL30-SUMO4, which mimics elevation of the SUMOylated RPL30 protein in mat3-4, caused a decrease in mitotic division and recapitulated the size-increasing phenotype of the smt7-1 mat3-4 cells. In summary, our study reveals a novel mechanism through which a SUMO protease regulates cell division in the mat3-4 mutant of Chlamydomonas and provides yet another important example of the role that protein SUMOylation can play in regulating key cellular processes, including cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ling Lin
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 741, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lin Chung
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 741, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Chen
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 741, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 741, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chiung Fang
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan 741, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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29
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Chen X, Wang K, Svitkina T, Bi E. Critical Roles of a RhoGEF-Anillin Module in Septin Architectural Remodeling during Cytokinesis. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1477-1490.e3. [PMID: 32197082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
How septin architecture is remodeled from an hourglass to a double ring during cytokinesis in fungal and animal cells remains unknown. Here, we show that during the hourglass-to-double-ring transition in budding yeast, septins acquire a "zonal architecture" in which paired septin filaments that are organized along the mother-bud axis associate with circumferential single septin filaments, the Rho guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor (RhoGEF) Bud3, and the anillin-like protein Bud4 exclusively at the outer zones and with myosin-II filaments in the middle zone. Deletion of Bud3 or its Bud4-interacting domain, but not its RhoGEF domain, leads to a complete loss of the single filaments, whereas deletion of Bud4 or its Bud3-interacting domain destabilizes the transitional hourglass, especially at the mother side, with partial loss of both filament types. Deletion of Bud3 and Bud4 together further weakens the transitional structure and abolishes the double ring formation while causing no obvious defect in actomyosin ring constriction. This and further analyses suggest that Bud3 stabilizes the single filaments, whereas Bud4 strengthens the interaction between the paired and single filaments at the outer zones of the transitional hourglass, as well as in the double ring. This study reveals a striking zonal architecture for the transitional hourglass that pre-patterns two cytokinetic structures-a septin double ring and an actomyosin ring-and also defines the essential roles of a RhoGEF-anillin module in septin architectural remodeling during cytokinesis at the filament level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA
| | - Kangji Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA
| | - Tatyana Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erfei Bi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA.
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30
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Sahu MS, Patra S, Kumar K, Kaur R. SUMOylation in Human Pathogenic Fungi: Role in Physiology and Virulence. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E32. [PMID: 32143470 PMCID: PMC7096222 DOI: 10.3390/jof6010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) protein is an important component of the post-translational protein modification systems in eukaryotic cells. It is known to modify hundreds of proteins involved in diverse cellular processes, ranging from nuclear pore dynamics to signal transduction pathways. Owing to its reversible nature, the SUMO-conjugation of proteins (SUMOylation) holds a prominent place among mechanisms that regulate the functions of a wide array of cellular proteins. The dysfunctional SUMOylation system has been associated with many human diseases, including neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, the non-pathogenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has served as an excellent model to advance our understanding of enzymes involved in SUMOylation and proteins modified by SUMOylation. Taking advantage of the tools and knowledge obtained from the S. cerevisiae SUMOylation system, research on fungal SUMOylation is beginning to gather pace, and new insights into the role of SUMOylation in the pathobiology of medically important fungi are emerging. Here, we summarize the known information on components of the SUMOylation machinery, and consequences of overexpression or deletion of these components in the human pathogenic fungi, with major focus on two prevalent Candida bloodstream pathogens, C. albicans and C. glabrata. Additionally, we have identified SUMOylation components, through in silico analysis, in four medically relevant fungi, and compared their sequence similarity with S. cerevisiae counterparts. SUMOylation modulates the virulence of C. albicans and C. glabrata, while it is required for conidia production in Aspergillus nidulans and A. flavus. In addition to highlighting these recent developments, we discuss how SUMOylation fine tunes the expression of virulence factors, and influences survival of fungal cells under diverse stresses in vitro and in the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Sagar Sahu
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, Telangana, India; (M.S.S.); (S.P.); (K.K.)
- Graduate studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sandip Patra
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, Telangana, India; (M.S.S.); (S.P.); (K.K.)
- Graduate studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, Telangana, India; (M.S.S.); (S.P.); (K.K.)
- Graduate studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Fungal Pathogenesis, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, Telangana, India; (M.S.S.); (S.P.); (K.K.)
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31
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He W, Rao HBDP, Tang S, Bhagwat N, Kulkarni DS, Ma Y, Chang MAW, Hall C, Bragg JW, Manasca HS, Baker C, Verhees GF, Ranjha L, Chen X, Hollingsworth NM, Cejka P, Hunter N. Regulated Proteolysis of MutSγ Controls Meiotic Crossing Over. Mol Cell 2020; 78:168-183.e5. [PMID: 32130890 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Crossover recombination is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis. The MutSγ complex, Msh4-Msh5, facilitates crossing over by binding and stabilizing nascent recombination intermediates. We show that these activities are governed by regulated proteolysis. MutSγ is initially inactive for crossing over due to an N-terminal degron on Msh4 that renders it unstable by directly targeting proteasomal degradation. Activation of MutSγ requires the Dbf4-dependent kinase Cdc7 (DDK), which directly phosphorylates and thereby neutralizes the Msh4 degron. Genetic requirements for Msh4 phosphorylation indicate that DDK targets MutSγ only after it has bound to nascent joint molecules (JMs) in the context of synapsing chromosomes. Overexpression studies confirm that the steady-state level of Msh4, not phosphorylation per se, is the critical determinant for crossing over. At the DNA level, Msh4 phosphorylation enables the formation and crossover-biased resolution of double-Holliday Junction intermediates. Our study establishes regulated protein degradation as a fundamental mechanism underlying meiotic crossing over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - H B D Prasada Rao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Shangming Tang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nikhil Bhagwat
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Dhananjaya S Kulkarni
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yunmei Ma
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Maria A W Chang
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christie Hall
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Junxi Wang Bragg
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Harrison S Manasca
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christa Baker
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gerrik F Verhees
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lepakshi Ranjha
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Nancy M Hollingsworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Petr Cejka
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Neil Hunter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
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32
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Gönczi M, Dienes B, Dobrosi N, Fodor J, Balogh N, Oláh T, Csernoch L. Septins, a cytoskeletal protein family, with emerging role in striated muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2020; 42:251-265. [PMID: 31955380 PMCID: PMC8332580 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-020-09573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate organization of cytoskeletal components are required for normal distribution and intracellular localization of different ion channels and proteins involved in calcium homeostasis, signal transduction, and contractile function of striated muscle. Proteins of the contractile system are in direct or indirect connection with the extrasarcomeric cytoskeleton. A number of other molecules which have essential role in regulating stretch-, voltage-, and chemical signal transduction from the surface into the cytoplasm or other intracellular compartments are already well characterized. Sarcomere, the basic contractile unit, is comprised of a precisely organized system of thin (actin), and thick (myosin) filaments. Intermediate filaments connect the sarcomeres and other organelles (mitochondria and nucleus), and are responsible for the cellular integrity. Interacting proteins have a very diverse function in coupling of the intracellular assembly components and regulating the normal physiological function. Despite the more and more intense investigations of a new cytoskeletal protein family, the septins, only limited information is available regarding their expression and role in striated, especially in skeletal muscles. In this review we collected basic and specified knowledge regarding this protein group and emphasize the importance of this emerging field in skeletal muscle biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Gönczi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Dienes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - Nóra Dobrosi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - János Fodor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - Norbert Balogh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary
| | - Tamás Oláh
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - László Csernoch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4012, Hungary.
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33
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A SUMO-dependent pathway controls elongating RNA Polymerase II upon UV-induced damage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17914. [PMID: 31784551 PMCID: PMC6884465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is the workhorse of eukaryotic transcription and produces messenger RNAs and small nuclear RNAs. Stalling of RNAPII caused by transcription obstacles such as DNA damage threatens functional gene expression and is linked to transcription-coupled DNA repair. To restore transcription, persistently stalled RNAPII can be disassembled and removed from chromatin. This process involves several ubiquitin ligases that have been implicated in RNAPII ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. Transcription by RNAPII is heavily controlled by phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of its largest subunit Rpb1. Here, we show that the elongating form of Rpb1, marked by S2 phosphorylation, is specifically controlled upon UV-induced DNA damage. Regulation of S2-phosphorylated Rpb1 is mediated by SUMOylation, the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase Slx5-Slx8, the Cdc48 segregase as well as the proteasome. Our data suggest an RNAPII control pathway with striking parallels to known disassembly mechanisms acting on defective RNA polymerase III.
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Nguéa P A, Robertson J, Herrera MC, Chymkowitch P, Enserink JM. Desumoylation of RNA polymerase III lies at the core of the Sumo stress response in yeast. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18784-18795. [PMID: 31676685 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (Sumo) regulates many cellular processes, including the adaptive response to various types of stress, referred to as the Sumo stress response (SSR). However, it remains unclear whether the SSR involves a common set of core proteins regardless of the type of stress or whether each particular type of stress induces a stress-specific SSR that targets a unique, largely nonoverlapping set of Sumo substrates. In this study, we used MS and a Gene Ontology approach to identify differentially sumoylated proteins during heat stress, hyperosmotic stress, oxidative stress, nitrogen starvation, and DNA alkylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Our results indicate that each stress triggers a specific SSR signature centered on proteins involved in transcription, translation, and chromatin regulation. Strikingly, whereas the various stress-specific SSRs were largely nonoverlapping, all types of stress tested here resulted in desumoylation of subunits of RNA polymerase III, which correlated with a decrease in tRNA synthesis. We conclude that desumoylation and subsequent inhibition of RNA polymerase III constitutes the core of all stress-specific SSRs in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Nguéa P
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Joseph Robertson
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria Carmen Herrera
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pierre Chymkowitch
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jorrit M Enserink
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
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The poly-SUMO2/3 protease SENP6 enables assembly of the constitutive centromere-associated network by group deSUMOylation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3987. [PMID: 31485003 PMCID: PMC6726658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to our extensive knowledge on ubiquitin polymer signaling, we are severely limited in our understanding of poly-SUMO signaling. We set out to identify substrates conjugated to SUMO polymers, using knockdown of the poly-SUMO2/3 protease SENP6. We identify over 180 SENP6 regulated proteins that represent highly interconnected functional groups of proteins including the constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN), the CENP-A loading factors Mis18BP1 and Mis18A and DNA damage response factors. Our results indicate a striking protein group de-modification by SENP6. SENP6 deficient cells are severely compromised for proliferation, accumulate in G2/M and frequently form micronuclei. Accumulation of CENP-T, CENP-W and CENP-A to centromeres is impaired in the absence of SENP6. Surprisingly, the increase of SUMO chains does not lead to ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of the CCAN subunits. Our results indicate that SUMO polymers can act in a proteolysis-independent manner and consequently, have a more diverse signaling function than previously expected. While the biological roles of ubiquitin chains are well studied, little is known about the functions of SUMO polymers. Here, the authors identify poly-SUMOylation substrates and provide evidence that SUMO polymers regulate the accumulation of CCAN subunits at chromatin and centromeres.
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Abrieu A, Liakopoulos D. How Does SUMO Participate in Spindle Organization? Cells 2019; 8:E801. [PMID: 31370271 PMCID: PMC6721559 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-like protein SUMO is a regulator involved in most cellular mechanisms. Recent studies have discovered new modes of function for this protein. Of particular interest is the ability of SUMO to organize proteins in larger assemblies, as well as the role of SUMO-dependent ubiquitylation in their disassembly. These mechanisms have been largely described in the context of DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, or signaling, while much less is known on how SUMO facilitates organization of microtubule-dependent processes during mitosis. Remarkably however, SUMO has been known for a long time to modify kinetochore proteins, while more recently, extensive proteomic screens have identified a large number of microtubule- and spindle-associated proteins that are SUMOylated. The aim of this review is to focus on the possible role of SUMOylation in organization of the spindle and kinetochore complexes. We summarize mitotic and microtubule/spindle-associated proteins that have been identified as SUMO conjugates and present examples regarding their regulation by SUMO. Moreover, we discuss the possible contribution of SUMOylation in organization of larger protein assemblies on the spindle, as well as the role of SUMO-targeted ubiquitylation in control of kinetochore assembly and function. Finally, we propose future directions regarding the study of SUMOylation in regulation of spindle organization and examine the potential of SUMO and SUMO-mediated degradation as target for antimitotic-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Abrieu
- CRBM, CNRS UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Dimitris Liakopoulos
- CRBM, CNRS UMR5237, Université de Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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Perez AM, Thorner J. Septin-associated proteins Aim44 and Nis1 traffic between the bud neck and the nucleus in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 76:15-32. [PMID: 30341817 PMCID: PMC6474838 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In budding yeast, a collar of septin filaments at the neck between a mother cell and its bud marks the incipient site for cell division and serves as a scaffold that recruits proteins required for proper spatial and temporal execution of cytokinesis. A set of interacting proteins that localize at or near the bud neck, including Aim44/Gps1, Nba1 and Nis1, also has been implicated in preventing Cdc42-dependent bud site re-establishment at the division site. We found that, at their endogenous level, Aim44 and Nis1 robustly localize sequentially at the septin collar. Strikingly, however, when overproduced, both proteins shift their subcellular distribution predominantly to the nucleus. Aim44 localizes with the inner nuclear envelope, as well as at the plasma membrane, whereas Nis1 accumulates within the nucleus, indicating that these proteins normally undergo nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Of the 14 yeast karyopherins, Kap123/Yrb4 is the primary importin for Aim44, whereas several importins mediate Nis1 nuclear entry. Conversely, Kap124/Xpo1/Crm1 is the primary exportin for Nis1, whereas both Xpo1 and Cse1/Kap109 likely contribute to Aim44 nuclear export. Even when endogenously expressed, Nis1 accumulates in the nucleus when Nba1 is absent. When either Aim44 or Nis1 are overexpressed, Nba1 is displaced from the bud neck, further consistent with the mutual interactions of these proteins. Collectively, our results indicate that a previously unappreciated level at which localization of septin-associated proteins is controlled is via regulation of their nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, which places constraints on their availability for complex formation with other partners at the bud neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Perez
- Division of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural BiologyDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
| | - Jeremy Thorner
- Division of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural BiologyDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia
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Mms21: A Putative SUMO E3 Ligase in Candida albicans That Negatively Regulates Invasiveness and Filamentation, and Is Required for the Genotoxic and Cellular Stress Response. Genetics 2018; 211:579-595. [PMID: 30530734 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the life cycle of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, the formation of filamentous cells is a differentiation process that is critically involved in host tissue invasion, and in adaptation to host cell and environmental stresses. Here, we have used the Gene Replacement And Conditional Expression library to identify genes controlling invasiveness and filamentation; conditional repression of the library revealed 69 mutants that triggered these processes. Intriguingly, the genes encoding the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase Mms21, and all other tested members of the sumoylation pathway, were both nonessential and capable of triggering filamentation upon repression, suggesting an important role for sumoylation in controlling filamentation in C. albicans We have investigated Mms21 in detail. Both Mms21 nulls (mms21Δ/Δ) and SP [Siz/Pias (protein inhibitor of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription)] domain (SUMO E3 ligase domain)-deleted mutants displayed invasiveness, filamentation, and abnormal nuclear segregation; filament formation occurred even in the absence of the hyphal transcription factor Efg1. Transcriptional analysis of mms21Δ/Δ showed an increase in expression from two- to eightfold above that of the wild-type for hyphal-specific genes, including ECE1, PGA13, PGA26, HWP1, ALS1, ALS3, SOD4, SOD5, UME6, and HGC1 The Mms21-deleted mutants were unable to recover from DNA-damaging agents like methyl methane sulfonate, hydroxyurea, hydrogen peroxide, and UV radiation, suggesting that the protein is important for genotoxic stress responses. In addition, the mms21Δ/Δ mutant displayed sensitivity to cell wall and thermal stresses, and to different antifungal drugs. All these findings suggest that Mms21 plays important roles in cellular differentiation, DNA damage and cellular stress responses, and in response to antifungal drugs.
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Talhaoui I, Bernal M, Mullen JR, Dorison H, Palancade B, Brill SJ, Mazón G. Slx5-Slx8 ubiquitin ligase targets active pools of the Yen1 nuclease to limit crossover formation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5016. [PMID: 30479332 PMCID: PMC6258734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination involves the formation of branched intermediates that can lead to crossovers following nucleolytic resolution. The nucleases Mus81-Mms4 and Yen1 are tightly controlled during the cell cycle to limit the extent of crossover formation and preserve genome integrity. Here we show that Yen1 is further regulated by sumoylation and ubiquitination. In vivo, Yen1 becomes sumoylated under conditions of DNA damage by the redundant activities of Siz1 and Siz2 SUMO ligases. Yen1 is also a substrate of the Slx5-Slx8 ubiquitin ligase. Loss of Slx5-Slx8 stabilizes the sumoylated fraction, attenuates Yen1 degradation at the G1/S transition, and results in persistent localization of Yen1 in nuclear foci. Slx5-Slx8-dependent ubiquitination of Yen1 occurs mainly at K714 and mutation of this lysine increases crossover formation during DSB repair and suppresses chromosome segregation defects in a mus81∆ background. Nucleases are regulated during the cell cycle to control for crossover formation and maintain genome integrity. Here the authors reveal that the yeast Holliday junction resolvase Yen is a sumoylation target and it is regulated by the ubiquitin ligases Slx5/Slx8 during crossover formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissam Talhaoui
- CNRS UMR 8200, Université Paris-Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Édouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Manuel Bernal
- CNRS UMR 8200, Université Paris-Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Édouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Janet R Mullen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Hugo Dorison
- CNRS UMR 8200, Université Paris-Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Édouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Benoit Palancade
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Steven J Brill
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Gerard Mazón
- CNRS UMR 8200, Université Paris-Sud - Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Édouard Vaillant, 94800, Villejuif, France.
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40
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Lim Y, Kim K, Lee Y. SUMOylation is required for fungal development and pathogenicity in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2134-2148. [PMID: 29633464 PMCID: PMC6638150 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Amongst the various post-translational modifications (PTMs), SUMOylation is a conserved process of attachment of a small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to a protein substrate in eukaryotes. This process regulates many important biological mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation, protein stabilization, cell cycle, DNA repair and pathogenesis. However, the functional role of SUMOylation is not well understood in plant-pathogenic fungi, including the model fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. In this study, we elucidated the roles of four SUMOylation-associated genes that encode one SUMO protein (MoSMT3), two E1 enzymes (MoAOS1 and MoUBA2) and one E2 enzyme (MoUBC9) in fungal development and pathogenicity. Western blot assays showed that SUMO modification was abolished in all deletion mutants. MoAOS1 and MoUBA2 were mainly localized in the nucleus, whereas MoSMT3 and MoUBC9 were localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. However, the four SUMOylation-associated proteins were predominantly localized in the nucleus under oxidative stress conditions. Deletion mutants for each of the four genes were viable, but showed significant defects in mycelial growth, conidiation, septum formation, conidial germination, appressorium formation and pathogenicity. Several proteins responsible for conidiation were predicted to be SUMOylated, suggesting that conidiation is controlled at the post-translational level by SUMOylation. In addition to infection-related development, SUMOylation also played important roles in resistance to nutrient starvation, DNA damage and oxidative stresses. Therefore, SUMOylation is required for infection-related fungal development, stress responses and pathogenicity in M. oryzae. This study provides new insights into the role of SUMOylation in the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of the rice blast fungus and other plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- You‐Jin Lim
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea
| | - Ki‐Tae Kim
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea
| | - Yong‐Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea
- Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea
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41
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42
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Marquardt J, Chen X, Bi E. Architecture, remodeling, and functions of the septin cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 76:7-14. [PMID: 29979831 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The septin family of proteins has fascinated cell biologists for decades due to the elaborate architecture they adopt in different eukaryotic cells. Whether they exist as rings, collars, or gauzes in different cell types and at different times in the cell cycle illustrates a complex series of regulation in structure. While the organization of different septin structures at the cortex of different cell types during the cell cycle has been described to various degrees, the exact structure and regulation at the filament level are still largely unknown. Recent advances in fluorescent and electron microscopy, as well as work in septin biochemistry, have allowed new insights into the aspects of septin architecture, remodeling, and function in many cell types. This mini-review highlights many of the recent findings with an emphasis on the budding yeast model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Marquardt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erfei Bi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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43
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Liu C, Li Z, Xing J, Yang J, Wang Z, Zhang H, Chen D, Peng YL, Chen XL. Global analysis of sumoylation function reveals novel insights into development and appressorium-mediated infection of the rice blast fungus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:1031-1047. [PMID: 29663402 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications play critical roles in cellular processes, development and stress response. The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to proteins is one of the essential modifications in eukaryotes, but its function remains largely unknown in plant pathogenic fungi. We present a comprehensive analysis combined with proteomic, molecular and cellular approaches to explore the roles of sumoylation in the model plant fungal pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae. We found the SUMO pathway plays key roles in colony growth, conidia formation and virulence to the host, as well as cell-cycle-related phenotypes. Sumoylation is also involved in responding to different stresses. Affinity purification identified 940 putative SUMO substrates, many of which were reported to be involved in development, stress response and infection. Interestingly, four septins were also shown to be sumoylated. Mutation of consensus sumoylation sites in each septin all resulted in reduced virulence to the host and dislocation of septins in appressoria. Moreover, sumoylation is also involved in extracellular secretion of different effector proteins. Our study on the functions of sumoylation provides novel insight into development and infection of the rice blast fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junjie Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Deng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, The Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125, China
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de Albuquerque CP, Suhandynata RT, Carlson CR, Yuan WT, Zhou H. Binding to small ubiquitin-like modifier and the nucleolar protein Csm1 regulates substrate specificity of the Ulp2 protease. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12105-12119. [PMID: 29903909 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulp1 and Ulp2, in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are the founding members of deSUMOylating enzymes. These enzymes remove small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) from proteins and are conserved in all eukaryotes. Previous studies have shown that Ulp1 deSUMOylates the bulk of intracellular SUMOylated proteins, whereas Ulp2 is a highly specific enzyme. However, the mechanism for Ulp2's substrate specificity has been insufficiently understood. Here we show that the C-terminal regulatory domain of Ulp2 contains three distinct, yet conserved, motifs that control its in vivo substrate specificity and cell growth. Among them, a SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) was found to coordinate with the domain of Ulp2 that binds to the nucleolar protein Csm1 to ensure maximal deSUMOylation of Ulp2's nucleolar substrates. We found that whereas the Csm1-binding domain of Ulp2 recruits this enzyme to the nucleolus, Ulp2's C-terminal SIM promotes its SUMO protease activity and plays a key role in mediating the in vivo specificity of Ulp2. Thus, the substrate specificity of Ulp2 is controlled by both its subcellular localization and the SUMOylation status of its substrates. These findings illustrate the highly coordinated and dynamic nature of the SUMO pathways in maintaining homeostasis of intracellular SUMOylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ponte de Albuquerque
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Raymond T Suhandynata
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Christopher R Carlson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Wei-Tsung Yuan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Huilin Zhou
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093.
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45
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Probing ubiquitin and SUMO conjugation and deconjugation. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:423-436. [PMID: 29588386 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin (Ub) and ubiquitin-like (Ubl) proteins including small Ubl modifier (SUMO) are small proteins which are covalently linked to target proteins to regulate their functions. In this review, we discuss the current state of the art and point out what we feel this field urgently needs in order to delineate the wiring of the system. We discuss what is needed to unravel the connections between different components of the conjugation machineries for ubiquitylation and SUMOylation, and to unravel the connections between the conjugation machineries and their substrates. Chemical probes are key tools to probe signal transduction by these small proteins that may help understand their action. This rapidly moving field has resulted in various small molecules that will help us to further understand Ub and SUMO function and that may lead to the development of new drugs.
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46
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Addi C, Bai J, Echard A. Actin, microtubule, septin and ESCRT filament remodeling during late steps of cytokinesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 50:27-34. [PMID: 29438904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the process by which a mother cell is physically cleaved into two daughter cells. In animal cells, cytokinesis begins with the contraction of a plasma membrane-associated actomyosin ring that is responsible for the ingression of a cleavage furrow. However, the post-furrowing steps of cytokinesis are less understood. Here, we highlight key recent findings that reveal a profound remodeling of several classes of cytoskeletal elements and cytoplasmic filaments (septins, microtubules, actin and ESCRT) in the late steps of cytokinesis. We review how this remodeling is required first for the stabilization of the intercellular bridge connecting the daughter cells and then for the steps leading up to abscission. New players regulating the abscission (NoCut) checkpoint, which delays abscission via cytoskeleton and ESCRT remodeling in response to various cytokinetic stresses, will also be emphasized. Altogether, the latest discoveries reveal a crucial role for posttranslational modifications of the cytoskeleton (actin oxidation, septin SUMOylation) and an unexpected requirement of ESCRT-III polymer dynamics for successful abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Addi
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR3691, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Institut de formation doctorale, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Jian Bai
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR3691, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Institut de formation doctorale, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR3691, 75015 Paris, France.
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47
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Ribet D, Boscaini S, Cauvin C, Siguier M, Mostowy S, Echard A, Cossart P. SUMOylation of human septins is critical for septin filament bundling and cytokinesis. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4041-4052. [PMID: 29051266 PMCID: PMC5716278 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201703096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Septins are cytoskeletal proteins that assemble into nonpolar filaments. They are critical in diverse cellular functions, acting as scaffolds for protein recruitment and as diffusion barriers for subcellular compartmentalization. Human septins are encoded by 13 different genes and are classified into four groups based on sequence homology (SEPT2, SEPT3, SEPT6, and SEPT7 groups). In yeast, septins were among the first proteins reported to be modified by SUMOylation, a ubiquitin-like posttranslational modification. However, whether human septins could be modified by small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) and what roles this modification may have in septin function remains unknown. In this study, we first show that septins from all four human septin groups can be covalently modified by SUMOs. We show in particular that endogenous SEPT7 is constitutively SUMOylated during the cell cycle. We then map SUMOylation sites to the C-terminal domain of septins belonging to the SEPT6 and SEPT7 groups and to the N-terminal domain of septins from the SEPT3 group. We finally demonstrate that expression of non-SUMOylatable septin variants from the SEPT6 and SEPT7 groups leads to aberrant septin bundle formation and defects in cytokinesis after furrow ingression. Altogether, our results demonstrate a pivotal role for SUMOylation in septin filament bundling and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ribet
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
| | - Serena Boscaini
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
| | - Clothilde Cauvin
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Division Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3691, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Institut de Formation Doctorale, Paris, France
| | - Martin Siguier
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
| | - Serge Mostowy
- Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, England, UK
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Division Cellulaire, Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3691, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Institut de Formation Doctorale, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Institut Pasteur, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris, France
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48
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Paasch F, den Brave F, Psakhye I, Pfander B, Jentsch S. Failed mitochondrial import and impaired proteostasis trigger SUMOylation of mitochondrial proteins. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:599-609. [PMID: 29183993 PMCID: PMC5767865 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.817833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification by the ubiquitin-like protein SUMO affects hundreds of cellular substrate proteins and regulates a wide variety of physiological processes. While the SUMO system appears to predominantly target nuclear proteins and, to a lesser extent, cytosolic proteins, hardly anything is known about the SUMOylation of proteins targeted to membrane-enclosed organelles. Here, we identify a large set of structurally and functionally unrelated mitochondrial proteins as substrates of the SUMO pathway in yeast. We show that SUMO modification of mitochondrial proteins does not rely on mitochondrial targeting and, in fact, is strongly enhanced upon import failure, consistent with the modification occurring in the cytosol. Moreover, SUMOylated forms of mitochondrial proteins particularly accumulate in HSP70- and proteasome-deficient cells, suggesting that SUMOylation participates in cellular protein quality control. We therefore propose that SUMO serves as a mark for nonfunctional mitochondrial proteins, which only sporadically arise in unstressed cells but strongly accumulate upon defective mitochondrial import and impaired proteostasis. Overall, our findings provide support for a role of SUMO in the cytosolic response to aberrant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan Psakhye
- From the Department of Molecular Cell Biology and
| | - Boris Pfander
- the Research Group DNA Replication and Genome Integrity, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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49
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Esteras M, Liu IC, Snijders AP, Jarmuz A, Aragon L. Identification of SUMO conjugation sites in the budding yeast proteome. MICROBIAL CELL 2017; 4:331-341. [PMID: 29082231 PMCID: PMC5657824 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.10.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is an important mechanism regulating protein function. Identification of SUMO conjugation sites on substrates is a challenging task. Here we employed a proteomic method to map SUMO acceptor lysines in budding yeast proteins. We report the identification of 257 lysine residues where SUMO is potentially attached. Amongst the hits, we identified already known SUMO substrates and sites, confirming the success of the approach. In addition, we tested several of the novel substrates using SUMO immunoprecipitation analysis and confirmed that the SUMO acceptor lysines identified in these proteins are indeed bona fide SUMOylation sites. We believe that the collection of SUMO sites presented here is an important resource for future functional studies of SUMOylation in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Esteras
- Cell Cycle Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - I-Chun Liu
- Cell Cycle Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Adam Jarmuz
- Cell Cycle Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Luis Aragon
- Cell Cycle Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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50
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Regulation of Cellular Processes by SUMO: Understudied Topics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 963:89-97. [PMID: 28197907 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50044-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SUMO plays a multiple role in maintenance of cellular homeostasis, both under normal conditions and under cell stress . Considerable effort has been devoted to unraveling the functions of SUMO in regulation of transcription and preservation of genome stability. However, it is clear from high-throughput SUMO proteome studies that SUMO likely regulates many more cellular processes. The function of SUMO in these processes has hardly been explored. This review will focus on the emerging function of SUMO in regulation of several of these processes.
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