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Liang J, Huang J, Yang J, Liang W, Li H, Wu Y, Liu B. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide derivatives as anticancer agents targeting the RhoA/ROCK pathway. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2390911. [PMID: 39258708 PMCID: PMC11391881 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2390911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Rho family GTPases regulate cellular processes and promote tumour growth and metastasis; thus, RhoA is a potential target for tumour metastasis inhibition. However, limited progress has been made in the development of RhoA targeting anticancer drugs. Here, we synthesised benzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide derivatives based on a covalent inhibitor of RhoA (DC-Rhoin), reported in our previous studies. The observed structure-activity relationship (contributed by carboxamide in C-3 and 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol in C-5) enhanced the anti-proliferative activity of the derivatives. Compound b19 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells and promoted their apoptosis. The suppression of myosin light chain phosphorylation and the formation of stress fibres confirmed the inhibitory activity of b19 via the RhoA/ROCK pathway. b19 exhibited a different binding pattern from DC-Rhoin, as observed in molecular docking analysis. This study provides a reference for the development of anticancer agents targeting the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Liang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhan Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Liang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoxiang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunshan Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Feroz W, Park BS, Siripurapu M, Ntim N, Kilroy MK, Sheikh AMA, Mishra R, Garrett JT. Non-Muscle Myosin II A: Friend or Foe in Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9435. [PMID: 39273383 PMCID: PMC11395477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle myosin IIA (NM IIA) is a motor protein that belongs to the myosin II family. The myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) gene encodes the heavy chain of NM IIA. NM IIA is a hexamer and contains three pairs of peptides, which include the dimer of heavy chains, essential light chains, and regulatory light chains. NM IIA is a part of the actomyosin complex that generates mechanical force and tension to carry out essential cellular functions, including adhesion, cytokinesis, migration, and the maintenance of cell shape and polarity. These functions are regulated via light and heavy chain phosphorylation at different amino acid residues. Apart from physiological functions, NM IIA is also linked to the development of cancer and genetic and neurological disorders. MYH9 gene mutations result in the development of several autosomal dominant disorders, such as May-Hegglin anomaly (MHA) and Epstein syndrome (EPS). Multiple studies have reported NM IIA as a tumor suppressor in melanoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; however, studies also indicate that NM IIA is a critical player in promoting tumorigenesis, chemoradiotherapy resistance, and stemness. The ROCK-NM IIA pathway regulates cellular movement and shape via the control of cytoskeletal dynamics. In addition, the ROCK-NM IIA pathway is dysregulated in various solid tumors and leukemia. Currently, there are very few compounds targeting NM IIA, and most of these compounds are still being studied in preclinical models. This review provides comprehensive evidence highlighting the dual role of NM IIA in multiple cancer types and summarizes the signaling networks involved in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we also discuss the role of NM IIA as a potential therapeutic target with a focus on the ROCK-NM IIA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Feroz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Briley SoYoung Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Cancer Research Scholars Program, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Meghna Siripurapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nicole Ntim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mary Kate Kilroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - Rosalin Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joan T Garrett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Fonódi M, Nagy L, Boratkó A. Role of Protein Phosphatases in Tumor Angiogenesis: Assessing PP1, PP2A, PP2B and PTPs Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6868. [PMID: 38999976 PMCID: PMC11241275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels to support tumor growth and metastasis, is a complex process regulated by a multitude of signaling pathways. Dysregulation of signaling pathways involving protein kinases has been extensively studied, but the role of protein phosphatases in angiogenesis within the tumor microenvironment remains less explored. However, among angiogenic pathways, protein phosphatases play critical roles in modulating signaling cascades. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the involvement of protein phosphatases in tumor angiogenesis, highlighting their diverse functions and mechanisms of action. Protein phosphatases are key regulators of cellular signaling pathways by catalyzing the dephosphorylation of proteins, thereby modulating their activity and function. This review aims to assess the activity of the protein tyrosine phosphatases and serine/threonine phosphatases. These phosphatases exert their effects on angiogenic signaling pathways through various mechanisms, including direct dephosphorylation of angiogenic receptors and downstream signaling molecules. Moreover, protein phosphatases also crosstalk with other signaling pathways involved in angiogenesis, further emphasizing their significance in regulating tumor vascularization, including endothelial cell survival, sprouting, and vessel maturation. In conclusion, this review underscores the pivotal role of protein phosphatases in tumor angiogenesis and accentuate their potential as therapeutic targets for anti-angiogenic therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita Boratkó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.F.); (L.N.)
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Matsuda A, Masuzawa R, Takahashi K, Takano K, Endo T. MEK inhibitors and DA-Raf, a dominant-negative antagonist of the Ras-ERK pathway, prevent the migration and invasion of KRAS-mutant cancer cells. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38872577 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The Ras-induced ERK pathway (Raf-MEK-ERK signaling cascade) regulates a variety of cellular responses including cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Activating mutations in RAS genes, particularly in the KRAS gene, constitutively activate the ERK pathway, resulting in tumorigenesis, cancer cell invasion, and metastasis. DA-Raf1 (DA-Raf) is a splicing isoform of A-Raf and contains the Ras-binding domain but lacks the kinase domain. Consequently, DA-Raf antagonizes the Ras-ERK pathway in a dominant-negative manner and can serve as a tumor suppressor that targets mutant Ras protein-induced tumorigenesis. We show here that MEK inhibitors and DA-Raf interfere with the in vitro collective cell migration and invasion of human KRAS-mutant carcinoma cell lines, the lung adenocarcinoma A549, colorectal carcinoma HCT116, and pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2 cells. DA-Raf expression was silenced in these cancer cell lines. All these cell lines had high collective migration abilities and invasion properties in Matrigel, compared with nontumor cells. Their migration and invasion abilities were impaired by suppressing the ERK pathway with the MEK inhibitors U0126 and trametinib, an approved anticancer drug. Expression of DA-Raf in MIA PaCa-2 cells reduced the ERK activity and hindered the migration and invasion abilities. Therefore, DA-Raf may function as an invasion suppressor protein in the KRAS-mutant cancer cells by blocking the Ras-ERK pathway when DA-Raf expression is induced in invasive cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Matsuda
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Masuzawa
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuya Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazunori Takano
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
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Rezaei M, Mehta JL, Zadeh GM, Khedri A, Rezaei HB. Myosin light chain phosphatase is a downstream target of Rho-kinase in endothelin-1-induced transactivation of the TGF-β receptor. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:1109-1120. [PMID: 38834831 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rho-kinase (ROCK) regulates actomyosin contraction, coronary vasospasm, and cytoskeleton dynamics. ROCK and of NADPH oxidase (NOX) play an essential role in cardiovascular disease and proteoglycan synthesis, which promotes atherosclerosis by trapping low density lipoprotein. ROCK is activated by endothelin-1 (ET1) and transactivates the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFβR1), intensifying Smad signaling and proteoglycan production. This study aimed to identify the role of myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) as a downstream target of ROCK in TβR1 transactivation. METHODS Vascular smooth muscle cells were treated with ET1 and inhibitors of ROCK and MLCP were added. The phosphorylation levels of Smad2C, myosin light chain (MLC), and MLCP were monitored by western blot, and the mRNA expression of chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase 1 (C4ST1) was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS We examined ROCK's role in ET1-induced TGFβR1 activation. ROCK phosphorylated MLCP at the MYPT1 T853 residue, blocked by the ROCK inhibitor Y27632. ROCK also increased MLC phosphorylation and actomyosin contraction in response to ET1, enhanced by the phosphatase inhibitor Calyculin A. Calyculin A also increased C4ST1 expression, GAG-chain synthesizing enzymes. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests that ROCK is involved in ET1-mediated TβR1 activation through increased MLCP phosphorylation, which leads to Smad2C phosphorylation and stimulates C4ST1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezaei
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jawahar Lal Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Ghorban Mohammad Zadeh
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Azam Khedri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Babaahmadi Rezaei
- Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Keller I, Ungvári Á, Kinter R, Szalmás F, Kókai E, Lontay B. Smoothelin-like protein 1 promotes insulin sensitivity and modulates the contractile properties of endometrial epithelial cells with insulin resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1375771. [PMID: 38883605 PMCID: PMC11176479 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1375771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidence of infertility is significantly higher in women with diseases linked to impaired glucose homeostasis, such as insulin resistance. Defective glucose metabolism interferes with fertilization; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this interference is unclear. Smoothelin-like protein 1 (SMTNL1) was isolated from muscle and steroid hormone-responsive tissues and regulates the contractile functions of various cell types through the inhibition of myosin phosphatase (MP) holoenzyme. In addition, SMTNL-1 after phosphorylation at Ser301 by protein kinase A translocates to the nucleus and functions as a transcriptional co-activator of the progesterone receptor-B. SMTNL1 null mice exhibit reduced reproductive fitness and are more prone to type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the role of SMTNL1 in endometrial epithelial cells is not known. Methods The effect of SMTNL1 overexpression was investigated in pregnancy and in gestational diabetic endometrial epithelial cell models by immunofluorescent staining, cell migration, and semi quantitative Western blot analysis and glucose uptake assay. Results We show that SMTNL1 promotes the differentiation of endometrial epithelial cells in a progesterone-dependent manner to attenuate insulin resistance. Furthermore, SMTNL1 hampers the migration capacity of epithelial cells in a gestational diabetes model by inhibiting the expression of MYPT1, the regulatory subunit of MP, and the activity of the holoenzyme, resulting in increased phosphorylation of the 20 kDa regulatory myosin light chain. SMTNL1 also acts as an insulin-sensitizing agent by increasing the gene expression of PP2A and DUPS9 protein phosphatases, resulting in decreased ERK1/2 activity and, hence, decreasing the phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser612 under gestational diabetes conditions. Conclusion SMTNL1 may have therapeutic relevance to the progesterone-dependent inhibition of endometrial epithelial cell migration under hyperglycemic conditions and insulin sensitivity in the endometrium in gestational diabetes or other metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Keller
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Ungvári
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Richárd Kinter
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Fanni Szalmás
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Endre Kókai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Lontay
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Peterman E, Quitevis EJA, Goo CEA, Rasmussen JP. Rho-associated kinase regulates Langerhans cell morphology and responsiveness to tissue damage. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114208. [PMID: 38728139 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin damage requires efficient immune cell responses to restore organ function. Epidermal-resident immune cells known as Langerhans cells use dendritic protrusions to surveil the skin microenvironment, which contains keratinocytes and peripheral axons. The mechanisms governing Langerhans cell dendrite dynamics and responses to tissue damage are poorly understood. Using skin explants from adult zebrafish, we show that Langerhans cells maintain normal surveillance following axonal degeneration and use their dendrites to engulf small axonal debris. By contrast, a ramified-to-rounded shape transition accommodates the engulfment of larger keratinocyte debris. We find that Langerhans cell dendrites are populated with actin and sensitive to a broad-spectrum actin inhibitor. We show that Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibition leads to elongated dendrites, perturbed clearance of large debris, and reduced Langerhans cell migration to epidermal wounds. Our work describes the dynamics of Langerhans cells and involvement of the ROCK pathway in immune cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peterman
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | | | - Camille E A Goo
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Rasmussen
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Matsumura F, Murayama T, Kuriyama R, Matsumura A, Yamashiro S. Myosin phosphatase targeting subunit1 controls localization and motility of Rab7-containing vesicles: Is myosin phosphatase a cytoplasmic dynein regulator? Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38700016 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Myosin phosphatase targeting subunit1 (MYPT1) is a critical subunit of myosin phosphatase (MP), which brings PP1Cδ phosphatase and its substrate together. We previously showed that MYPT1 depletion resulted in oblique chromatid segregation. Therefore, we hypothesized that MYPT1 may control microtubule-dependent motor activity. Dynein, a minus-end microtubule motor, is known to be involved in mitotic spindle assembly. We thus examined whether MYPT1 and dynein may interact. Proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation revealed that MYPT1 and dynein intermediate chain (DIC) were associated. We found that DIC phosphorylation is increased in MYPT1-depleted cells in vivo, and that MP was able to dephosphorylate DIC in vitro. MYPT1 depletion also altered the localization and motility of Rab7-containing vesicles. MYPT1-depletion dispersed the perinuclear Rab7 localization to the peripheral in interphase cells. The dispersed Rab7 localization was rescued by microinjection of a constitutively active, truncated MYPT1 mutant, supporting that MP is responsible for the altered Rab7 localization. Analyses of Rab7 vesicle trafficking also revealed that minus-end transport was reduced in MYPT1-depleted cells. These results suggest an unexpected role of MP: MP controls dynein activity in both mitotic and interphase cells, possibly by dephosphorylating dynein subunits including DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Matsumura
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Takashi Murayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kuriyama
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aya Matsumura
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shigeko Yamashiro
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Mittal N, Michels EB, Massey AE, Qiu Y, Royer-Weeden SP, Smith BR, Cartagena-Rivera AX, Han SJ. Myosin-independent stiffness sensing by fibroblasts is regulated by the viscoelasticity of flowing actin. COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS 2024; 5:6. [PMID: 38741699 PMCID: PMC11090405 DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The stiffness of the extracellular matrix induces differential tension within integrin-based adhesions, triggering differential mechanoresponses. However, it has been unclear if the stiffness-dependent differential tension is induced solely by myosin activity. Here, we report that in the absence of myosin contractility, 3T3 fibroblasts still transmit stiffness-dependent differential levels of traction. This myosin-independent differential traction is regulated by polymerizing actin assisted by actin nucleators Arp2/3 and formin where formin has a stronger contribution than Arp2/3 to both traction and actin flow. Intriguingly, despite only slight changes in F-actin flow speed observed in cells with the combined inhibition of Arp2/3 and myosin compared to cells with sole myosin inhibition, they show a 4-times reduction in traction than cells with myosin-only inhibition. Our analyses indicate that traditional models based on rigid F-actin are inadequate for capturing such dramatic force reduction with similar actin flow. Instead, incorporating the F-actin network's viscoelastic properties is crucial. Our new model including the F-actin viscoelasticity reveals that Arp2/3 and formin enhance stiffness sensitivity by mechanically reinforcing the F-actin network, thereby facilitating more effective transmission of flow-induced forces. This model is validated by cell stiffness measurement with atomic force microscopy and experimental observation of model-predicted stiffness-dependent actin flow fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Mittal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Etienne B. Michels
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Andrew E. Massey
- Section on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yunxiu Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shaina P. Royer-Weeden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Bryan R. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera
- Section on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sangyoon J. Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
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Moldenhawer T, Schindler D, Holschneider M, Huisinga W, Beta C. A Hands-on Guide to AmoePy - a Python-Based Software Package to Analyze Cell Migration Data. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2828:159-184. [PMID: 39147977 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4023-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Amoeboid cell motility is fundamental for a multitude of biological processes such as embryogenesis, immune responses, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. It is characterized by specific cell shape changes: the extension and retraction of membrane protrusions, known as pseudopodia. A common approach to investigate the mechanisms underlying this type of cell motility is to study phenotypic differences in the locomotion of mutant cell lines. To characterize such differences, methods are required to quantify the contour dynamics of migrating cells. AmoePy is a Python-based software package that provides tools for cell segmentation, contour detection as well as analyzing and simulating contour dynamics. First, a digital representation of the cell contour as a chain of nodes is extracted from each frame of a time-lapse microscopy recording of a moving cell. Then, the dynamics of these nodes-referred to as virtual markers-are tracked as the cell contour evolves over time. From these data, various quantities can be calculated that characterize the contour dynamics, such as the displacement of the virtual markers or the local stretching rate of the marker chain. Their dynamics is typically visualized in space-time plots, the so-called kymographs, where the temporal evolution is displayed for the different locations along the cell contour. Using AmoePy, you can straightforwardly create kymograph plots and videos from stacks of experimental bright-field or fluorescent images of motile cells. A hands-on guide on how to install and use AmoePy is provided in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Moldenhawer
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel Schindler
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Wilhelm Huisinga
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Carsten Beta
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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Pan D, Zhang X, Jin K, Jin ZB. CRX haploinsufficiency compromises photoreceptor precursor translocation and differentiation in human retinal organoids. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:346. [PMID: 38049871 PMCID: PMC10696917 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CRX-associated autosomal dominant retinopathies suggest a possible pathogenic mechanism of gene haploinsufficiency. However, based on reported human patient cases and studies with mouse models, it is hard to confirm the specific weight of haploinsufficiency in pathogenesis due to the interspecies gaps between gene expression and function. METHODS We created monoallelic CRX by replacing one allele with tdTomato in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and subsequently dissect pathogenesis in hESCs-derived retinal organoids. We used transcriptome and immunofluorescence analyses to dissect phenotypic differences between CRX-monoallelic knockout and control wildtype organoids. For location analysis of CRX+ cells, a CRX-expression-tracing system was constructed in control hESCs. We implemented long-term live-cell imaging to describe the translocation of CRX+ cells between two groups in early organoid differentiation. The expression pattern of these dynamic differences was validated using RNA-seq and immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS We identified delayed differentiation of outer nuclear layer (ONL) stratification along with thinner ONL, serious loss of photoreceptor outer segments, as well as downregulated expression of gene for phototransduction and inner/outer segment formation. By live-cell imaging and immunostaining, we observed the overtension of actomyosin network and the arrested translocation of monoallelic CRX+ cells in the early stage of retinal differentiation. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that gene haploinsufficiency is the mechanism for the dominant pathogenicity of CRX and discovered that CRX regulated postmitotic photoreceptor precursor translocation in addition to its specification of photoreceptor cell fates during human retinal development. These findings revealed a new underlying mechanism of CRX dominant pathogenesis and provided a new clue for the treatment of CRX-associated human retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Pan
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Kangxin Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Mao J, Feng Y, Zheng Y, Gao Y, Zhang L, Sun X, Wu Y, Zhu X, Ma F. GPR65 inhibits human trophoblast cell adhesion through upregulation of MYLK and downregulation of fibronectin via cAMP-ERK signaling in a low pH environment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:238. [PMID: 37723567 PMCID: PMC10506227 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) are essential cells during the formation of the placenta, with the major function of invading the maternal decidua, anchoring the developing placenta to the uterus, remodeling uterine arteries, and regulating immune responses to prevent rejection. During early pregnancy, the decidua undergoes a hypoxic and acidic microenvironment, which has been shown to participate in tumor cell migration, invasion, growth, and angiogenesis. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which EVTs sense and respond to the acidic microenvironment, thereby executing their functions, remain poorly understood. METHODS The effects of G protein-coupled receptor 65 (GPR65) on cell adhesion and other cellular functions were tested using JAR spheroids, mouse blastocysts, and HTR-8/SVneo cells. Specifically, we employed HTR-8/SVneo cells for gene overexpression and silencing to investigate the underlying mechanism of GPR65's impact on trophoblast cell function under acidic conditions. Additionally, villus tissue samples obtained from early pregnancy loss patients were utilized to explore the potential association between GPR65 and its related signaling pathway molecules with the disease. RESULTS This study identified GPR65 expression widely in trophoblasts, with the highest level in EVTs. Importantly, optimal GPR65 levels are required for maintaining normal adhesion, migration, and invasion, whereas overexpression of GPR65 inhibits these functions by activating the cAMP-ERK signaling pathway, upregulating myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) and MYLK3 expression, and subsequently downregulating fibronectin. Consistently, elevated expression of GPR65, MYLK, and MYLK3 is observed in patients suffering from early pregnancy loss. CONCLUSIONS This work offers insights into the suppressive effects of GPR65 on EVT function under acidic conditions and highlights a putative target for therapeutic intervention in early pregnancy complications. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Mao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yayun Zheng
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Neurobiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaqiu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Linyu Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinrui Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilun Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fang Ma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Peterman E, Quitevis EJ, Goo CE, Rasmussen JP. Rho-associated kinase regulates Langerhans cell morphology and responsiveness to tissue damage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.28.550974. [PMID: 37546841 PMCID: PMC10402157 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.550974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin is often the first physical barrier to encounter invading pathogens and physical damage. Damage to the skin must be resolved quickly and efficiently to maintain organ homeostasis. Epidermal-resident immune cells known as Langerhans cells use dendritic protrusions to dynamically surveil the skin microenvironment, which contains epithelial keratinocytes and somatosensory peripheral axons. The mechanisms governing Langerhans cell dendrite dynamics and responses to tissue damage are not well understood. Using skin explants from adult zebrafish, we show that Langerhans cells maintain normal surveillance activity following axonal degeneration and use their dynamic dendrites to engulf small axonal debris. By contrast, a ramified-to-rounded shape transition accommodates the engulfment of larger keratinocyte debris. We find that Langerhans cell dendrites are richly populated with actin and sensitive to a broad spectrum actin inhibitor. We further show that Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibition leads to elongated dendrites, perturbed clearance of large debris, and reduced Langerhans cell migration to tissue-scale wounds. Altogether, our work describes the unique dynamics of Langerhans cells and involvement of the ROCK pathway in immune cell responses to damage of varying magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peterman
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - Camille E.A. Goo
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Rasmussen
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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14
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Serwe G, Kachaner D, Gagnon J, Plutoni C, Lajoie D, Duramé E, Sahmi M, Garrido D, Lefrançois M, Arseneault G, Saba-El-Leil MK, Meloche S, Emery G, Therrien M. CNK2 promotes cancer cell motility by mediating ARF6 activation downstream of AXL signalling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3560. [PMID: 37322019 PMCID: PMC10272126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell motility is a critical feature of invasive tumour cells that is governed by complex signal transduction events. Particularly, the underlying mechanisms that bridge extracellular stimuli to the molecular machinery driving motility remain partially understood. Here, we show that the scaffold protein CNK2 promotes cancer cell migration by coupling the pro-metastatic receptor tyrosine kinase AXL to downstream activation of ARF6 GTPase. Mechanistically, AXL signalling induces PI3K-dependent recruitment of CNK2 to the plasma membrane. In turn, CNK2 stimulates ARF6 by associating with cytohesin ARF GEFs and with a novel adaptor protein called SAMD12. ARF6-GTP then controls motile forces by coordinating the respective activation and inhibition of RAC1 and RHOA GTPases. Significantly, genetic ablation of CNK2 or SAMD12 reduces metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. Together, this work identifies CNK2 and its partner SAMD12 as key components of a novel pro-motility pathway in cancer cells, which could be targeted in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Serwe
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David Kachaner
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica Gagnon
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cédric Plutoni
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Driss Lajoie
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eloïse Duramé
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Malha Sahmi
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Damien Garrido
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Lefrançois
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Arseneault
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc K Saba-El-Leil
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Meloche
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregory Emery
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Therrien
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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15
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Ojasalu K, Lieber S, Sokol AM, Nist A, Stiewe T, Bullwinkel I, Finkernagel F, Reinartz S, Müller-Brüsselbach S, Grosse R, Graumann J, Müller R. The lysophosphatidic acid-regulated signal transduction network in ovarian cancer cells and its role in actomyosin dynamics, cell migration and entosis. Theranostics 2023; 13:1921-1948. [PMID: 37064875 PMCID: PMC10091871 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species accumulate in the ascites of ovarian high-grade serous cancer (HGSC) and are associated with short relapse-free survival. LPA is known to support metastatic spread of cancer cells by activating a multitude of signaling pathways via G-protein-coupled receptors of the LPAR family. Systematic unbiased analyses of the LPA-regulated signal transduction network in ovarian cancer cells have, however, not been reported to date. Methods: LPA-induced signaling pathways were identified by phosphoproteomics of both patient-derived and OVCAR8 cells, RNA sequencing, measurements of intracellular Ca2+ and cAMP as well as cell imaging. The function of LPARs and downstream signaling components in migration and entosis were analyzed by selective pharmacological inhibitors and RNA interference. Results: Phosphoproteomic analyses identified > 1100 LPA-regulated sites in > 800 proteins and revealed interconnected LPAR1, ROCK/RAC, PKC/D and ERK pathways to play a prominent role within a comprehensive signaling network. These pathways regulate essential processes, including transcriptional responses, actomyosin dynamics, cell migration and entosis. A critical component of this signaling network is MYPT1, a stimulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which in turn is a negative regulator of myosin light chain 2 (MLC2). LPA induces phosphorylation of MYPT1 through ROCK (T853) and PKC/ERK (S507), which is majorly driven by LPAR1. Inhibition of MYPT1, PKC or ERK impedes both LPA-induced cell migration and entosis, while interference with ROCK activity and MLC2 phosphorylation selectively blocks entosis, suggesting that MYPT1 figures in both ROCK/MLC2-dependent and -independent pathways. We finally show a novel pathway governed by LPAR2 and the RAC-GEF DOCK7 to be indispensable for the induction of entosis. Conclusion: We have identified a comprehensive LPA-induced signal transduction network controlling LPA-triggered cytoskeletal changes, cell migration and entosis in HGSC cells. Due to its pivotal role in this network, MYPT1 may represent a promising target for interfering with specific functions of PP1 essential for HGSC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaire Ojasalu
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Lieber
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna M. Sokol
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Imke Bullwinkel
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Finkernagel
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silke Reinartz
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller-Brüsselbach
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institut for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Institute for Translational Proteomics, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Translational Oncology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
- ✉ Corresponding author: Rolf Müller, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany. . Phone: +49 6421 2866236
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16
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Hohmann U, von Widdern JC, Ghadban C, Giudice MCL, Lemahieu G, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Dehghani F, Hohmann T. Jamming Transitions in Astrocytes and Glioblastoma Are Induced by Cell Density and Tension. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010029. [PMID: 36611824 PMCID: PMC9818602 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective behavior of cells emerges from coordination of cell-cell-interactions and is important to wound healing, embryonic and tumor development. Depending on cell density and cell-cell interactions, a transition from a migratory, fluid-like unjammed state to a more static and solid-like jammed state or vice versa can occur. Here, we analyze collective migration dynamics of astrocytes and glioblastoma cells using live cell imaging. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy, traction force microscopy and spheroid generation assays were used to study cell adhesion, traction and mechanics. Perturbations of traction and adhesion were induced via ROCK or myosin II inhibition. Whereas astrocytes resided within a non-migratory, jammed state, glioblastoma were migratory and unjammed. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a switch from an unjammed to a jammed state was induced upon alteration of the equilibrium between cell-cell-adhesion and tension from adhesion to tension dominated, via inhibition of ROCK or myosin II. Such behavior has implications for understanding the infiltration of the brain by glioblastoma cells and may help to identify new strategies to develop anti-migratory drugs and strategies for glioblastoma-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Julian Cardinal von Widdern
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Chalid Ghadban
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Maria Cristina Lo Giudice
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Grégoire Lemahieu
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tim Hohmann
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence:
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17
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Picard JY, Morin G, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M, Van der Smagt J, Klosowski S, Pienkowski C, Pierre-Renoult P, Masson C, Bole C, Josso N. Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome associated with genetic defects in the regulatory subunit of myosin phosphatase. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:2952-2959. [PMID: 36331510 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Can mutations of genes other than AMH or AMHR2, namely PPP1R12A coding myosin phosphatase, lead to persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS)? SUMMARY ANSWER The detection of PPP1R12A truncation mutations in five cases of PMDS suggests that myosin phosphatase is involved in Müllerian regression, independently of the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) signaling cascade. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Mutations of AMH and AMHR2 are detectable in an overwhelming majority of PMDS patients but in 10% of cases, both genes are apparently normal, suggesting that other genes may be involved. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION DNA samples from 39 PMDS patients collected from 1990 to present, in which Sanger sequencing had failed to detect biallelic AMH or AMHR2 mutations, were screened by massive parallel sequencing. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS To rule out the possibility that AMH or AMHR2 mutations could have been missed, all DNA samples of good quality were analyzed by targeted next-generation sequencing. Twenty-four samples in which the absence of AMH or AMHR2 biallelic mutations was confirmed were subjected to whole-exome sequencing with the aim of detecting variants of other genes potentially involved in PMDS. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Five patients out of 24 (21%) harbored deleterious truncation mutations of PP1R12A, the gene coding for the regulatory subunit of myosin phosphatase, were detected. In addition to PMDS, three of these patients presented with ileal and one with esophageal atresia. The congenital abnormalities associated with PMDS in our patients are consistent with those described in the literature for PPP1R12A variants and have never been described in cases of AMH or AMHR2 mutations. The role of chance is therefore extremely unlikely. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The main limitation of the study is the lack of experimental validation of the role of PPP1R12A in Müllerian regression. Only circumstantial evidence is available, myosin phosphatase is required for cell mobility, which plays a major role in Müllerian regression. Alternatively, PPP1R12A mutations could affect the AMH transduction pathway. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The study supports the conclusion that failure of Müllerian regression in males is not necessarily associated with a defect in AMH signaling. Extending the scope of molecular analysis should shed light upon the mechanism of the initial steps of male sex differentiation. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was funded by la Fondation Maladies Rares, GenOmics 2021_0404 and la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, grant EQU201903007868. The authors report no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Picard
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherches Saint-Antoine, Lipodystrophies, Adaptations Métaboliques et Hormonales et Vieillissement, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Morin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Amiens, Amiens, France
| | | | | | - Serge Klosowski
- Service de Néonatologie, Centre Universitaire de Lens, Lens, France
| | | | | | - Cécile Masson
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institut Imagine-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM U1163 et INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cite University, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bole
- Genomics Core Facility, Institut Imagine, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM 1163, INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Josso
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherches Saint-Antoine, Lipodystrophies, Adaptations Métaboliques et Hormonales et Vieillissement, UMR_S 938, Paris, France
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18
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Zhao J, Ding H, Ding J, Shi X, He Y, Zhu H, Yuan H, Zhang T, Zhang J. The m 6A methyltransferase METTL3 promotes trophoblast cell invasion by regulating MYLK expression. Placenta 2022; 129:1-6. [PMID: 36170767 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The progression of placental diseases such as preeclampsia is closely related to trophoblast dysfunction. Recent studies indicated the dysregulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification in trophoblast disorders, while the function of METTL3, a methyltransferase of m6A, in trophoblasts remains to be studied. METHODS The expression of METTL3 was determined by real-time PCR and immunoblotting. METTL3 expression in trophoblast cell lines HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 was knocked down using shRNA. The invasion of trophoblast cells in Matrigel was determined using xCELLigence. The m6A-containing transcripts was determined by m6A-sequencing in HTR-8/SVneo cells. The myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) gene was transfected into HTR-8/SVneo cells. RESULTS The expression of METTL3 was downregulated in preeclamptic placentae compared to normal placentae. Knockdown of METTL3 repressed the invasion of extravillous trophoblast cells. Mechanistically, METTL3 promoted the stability of MYLK mRNA through m6A modification. Overexpression of MYLK rescued retarded cell invasion by METTL3 depletion. DISCUSSION Collectively, our results highlight an essential role of METTL3-MYLK axis in trophoblast invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Haigang Ding
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Jinlong Ding
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Xiaoliang Shi
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Yao He
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Hongdan Zhu
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China.
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Sawma T, Shaito A, Najm N, Sidani M, Orekhov A, El-Yazbi AF, Iratni R, Eid AH. Role of RhoA and Rho-associated kinase in phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells: Implications for vascular function. Atherosclerosis 2022; 358:12-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Hollósi A, Pászty K, Bunta BL, Bozó T, Kellermayer M, Debreczeni ML, Cervenak L, Baccarini M, Varga A. BRAF increases endothelial cell stiffness through reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22478. [PMID: 35916021 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200344r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton and its connection to endothelial cell-cell junctions determine the barrier function of endothelial cells. The proper regulation of barrier opening/closing is necessary for the normal function of vessels, and its dysregulation can result in chronic and acute inflammation leading to edema formation. By using atomic force microscopy, we show here that thrombin-induced permeability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, associated with actin stress fiber formation, stiffens the cell center. The depletion of the MEK/ERK kinase BRAF reduces thrombin-induced permeability prevents stress fiber formation and cell stiffening. The peripheral actin ring becomes stabilized by phosphorylated myosin light chain, while cofilin is excluded from the cell periphery. All these changes can be reverted by the inhibition of ROCK, but not of the MEK/ERK module. We propose that the balance between the binding of cofilin and myosin to F-actin in the cell periphery, which is regulated by the activity of ROCK, determines the local dynamics of actin reorganization, ultimately driving or preventing stress fiber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hollósi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Pászty
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Levente Bunta
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bozó
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Kellermayer
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Lídia Debreczeni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Cervenak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Manuela Baccarini
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Ruiz-Franco J, van Der Gucht J. Force Transmission in Disordered Fibre Networks. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:931776. [PMID: 35846368 PMCID: PMC9280074 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.931776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells residing in living tissues apply forces to their immediate surroundings to promote the restructuration of the extracellular matrix fibres and to transmit mechanical signals to other cells. Here we use a minimalist model to study how these forces, applied locally by cell contraction, propagate through the fibrous network in the extracellular matrix. In particular, we characterize how the transmission of forces is influenced by the connectivity of the network and by the bending rigidity of the fibers. For highly connected fiber networks the stresses spread out isotropically around the cell over a distance that first increases with increasing contraction of the cell and then saturates at a characteristic length. For lower connectivity, however, the stress pattern is highly asymmetric and is characterised by force chains that can transmit stresses over very long distances. We hope that our analysis of force transmission in fibrous networks can provide a new avenue for future studies on how the mechanical feedback between the cell and the ECM is coupled with the microscopic environment around the cells.
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22
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Pasapera AM, Heissler SM, Eto M, Nishimura Y, Fischer RS, Thiam HR, Waterman CM. MARK2 regulates directed cell migration through modulation of myosin II contractility and focal adhesion organization. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2704-2718.e6. [PMID: 35594862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell migration during metastasis is mediated by a highly polarized cytoskeleton. MARK2 and its invertebrate homolog Par1B are kinases that regulate the microtubule cytoskeleton to mediate polarization of neurons in mammals and embryos in invertebrates. However, the role of MARK2 in cancer cell migration is unclear. Using osteosarcoma cells, we found that in addition to its known localizations on microtubules and the plasma membrane, MARK2 also associates with the actomyosin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions. Cells depleted of MARK proteins demonstrated that MARK2 promotes phosphorylation of both myosin II and the myosin phosphatase targeting subunit MYPT1 to synergistically drive myosin II contractility and stress fiber formation in cells. Studies with isolated proteins showed that MARK2 directly phosphorylates myosin II regulatory light chain, while its effects on MYPT1 phosphorylation are indirect. Using a mutant lacking the membrane-binding domain, we found that membrane association is required for focal adhesion targeting of MARK2, where it specifically enhances cell protrusion by promoting FAK phosphorylation and formation of focal adhesions oriented in the direction of migration to mediate directionally persistent cell motility. Together, our results define MARK2 as a master regulator of the actomyosin and microtubule cytoskeletal systems and focal adhesions to mediate directional cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Pasapera
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah M Heissler
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Masumi Eto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Yukako Nishimura
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Division of Developmental Physiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Robert S Fischer
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hawa R Thiam
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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23
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Morris T, Sue E, Geniesse C, Brieher WM, Tang VW. Synaptopodin stress fiber and contractomere at the epithelial junction. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202011162. [PMID: 35416930 PMCID: PMC9011326 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202011162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The apical junction of epithelial cells can generate force to control cell geometry and perform contractile processes while maintaining barrier function and adhesion. Yet, the structural basis for force generation at the apical junction is not fully understood. Here, we describe two synaptopodin-dependent actomyosin structures that are spatially, temporally, and structurally distinct. The first structure is formed by the retrograde flow of synaptopodin initiated at the apical junction, creating a sarcomeric stress fiber that lies parallel to the apical junction. Contraction of the apical stress fiber is associated with either clustering of membrane components or shortening of junctional length. Upon junction maturation, apical stress fibers are disassembled. In mature epithelial monolayer, a motorized "contractomere" capable of "walking the junction" is formed at the junctional vertex. Actomyosin activities at the contractomere produce a compressive force evident by actin filament buckling and measurement with a new α-actinin-4 force sensor. The motility of contractomeres can adjust junctional length and change cell packing geometry during cell extrusion and intercellular movement. We propose a model of epithelial homeostasis that utilizes contractomere motility to support junction rearrangement while preserving the permeability barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Morris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - Eva Sue
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - Caleb Geniesse
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - William M Brieher
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | - Vivian W Tang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
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24
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Hemin-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Chronic Hemolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094763. [PMID: 35563154 PMCID: PMC9104708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease is an independent predictor of mortality, yet the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular disease in chronic hemolytic disorders remains incompletely understood and treatment options are limited primarily to supportive care. The release of extracellular hemoglobin has been implicated in the development of pulmonary hypertension, and in this study we explored the direct effects of hemin, the oxidized moiety of heme, on the pulmonary artery endothelium. We found that low dose hemin exposure leads to significantly increased endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and cytokine release as markers of endothelial dysfunction. Protein expression changes in our pulmonary artery endothelial cells showed upregulation of mesenchymal markers after hemin treatment in conjunction with a decrease in endothelial markers. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) resulting from hemin exposure was further confirmed by showing upregulation of the transcription factors SNAI1 and SLUG, known to regulate EndoMT. Lastly, given the endothelial dysfunction and phenotypic transition observed, the endothelial cytoskeleton was considered a potential novel target. Inhibiting myosin light chain kinase, to prevent phosphorylation of myosin light chain and cytoskeletal contraction, attenuated hemin-induced endothelial hyper-proliferation, migration, and cytokine release. The findings in this study implicate hemin as a key inducer of endothelial dysfunction through EndoMT, which may play an important role in pulmonary vascular remodeling during the development of pulmonary hypertension in chronic hemolytic states.
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25
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Dynamics of Endothelial Engagement and Filopodia Formation in Complex 3D Microscaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052415. [PMID: 35269558 PMCID: PMC8910162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of endothelium–extracellular matrix interactions during the initiation of new blood vessels is of great medical importance; however, the mechanobiological principles governing endothelial protrusive behaviours in 3D microtopographies remain imperfectly understood. In blood capillaries submitted to angiogenic factors (such as vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF), endothelial cells can transiently transdifferentiate in filopodia-rich cells, named tip cells, from which angiogenesis processes are locally initiated. This protrusive state based on filopodia dynamics contrasts with the lamellipodia-based endothelial cell migration on 2D substrates. Using two-photon polymerization, we generated 3D microstructures triggering endothelial phenotypes evocative of tip cell behaviour. Hexagonal lattices on pillars (“open”), but not “closed” hexagonal lattices, induced engagement from the endothelial monolayer with the generation of numerous filopodia. The development of image analysis tools for filopodia tracking allowed to probe the influence of the microtopography (pore size, regular vs. elongated structures, role of the pillars) on orientations, engagement and filopodia dynamics, and to identify MLCK (myosin light-chain kinase) as a key player for filopodia-based protrusive mode. Importantly, these events occurred independently of VEGF treatment, suggesting that the observed phenotype was induced through microtopography. These microstructures are proposed as a model research tool for understanding endothelial cell behaviour in 3D fibrillary networks.
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26
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RhoGEF Trio Regulates Radial Migration of Projection Neurons via Its Distinct Domains. Neurosci Bull 2021; 38:249-262. [PMID: 34914033 PMCID: PMC8975900 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The radial migration of cortical pyramidal neurons (PNs) during corticogenesis is necessary for establishing a multilayered cerebral cortex. Neuronal migration defects are considered a critical etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), schizophrenia, epilepsy, and intellectual disability (ID). TRIO is a high-risk candidate gene for ASDs and ID. However, its role in embryonic radial migration and the etiology of ASDs and ID are not fully understood. In this study, we found that the in vivo conditional knockout or in utero knockout of Trio in excitatory precursors in the neocortex caused aberrant polarity and halted the migration of late-born PNs. Further investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed that the interaction of the Trio N-terminal SH3 domain with Myosin X mediated the adherence of migrating neurons to radial glial fibers through regulating the membrane location of neuronal cadherin (N-cadherin). Also, independent or synergistic overexpression of RAC1 and RHOA showed different phenotypic recoveries of the abnormal neuronal migration by affecting the morphological transition and/or the glial fiber-dependent locomotion. Taken together, our findings clarify a novel mechanism of Trio in regulating N-cadherin cell surface expression via the interaction of Myosin X with its N-terminal SH3 domain. These results suggest the vital roles of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (GEF1) and GEF2 domains in regulating radial migration by activating their Rho GTPase effectors in both distinct and cooperative manners, which might be associated with the abnormal phenotypes in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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27
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Yamamoto K, Miura H, Ishida M, Mii Y, Kinoshita N, Takada S, Ueno N, Sawai S, Kondo Y, Aoki K. Optogenetic relaxation of actomyosin contractility uncovers mechanistic roles of cortical tension during cytokinesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7145. [PMID: 34880255 PMCID: PMC8654997 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actomyosin contractility generated cooperatively by nonmuscle myosin II and actin filaments plays essential roles in a wide range of biological processes, such as cell motility, cytokinesis, and tissue morphogenesis. However, subcellular dynamics of actomyosin contractility underlying such processes remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate an optogenetic method to induce relaxation of actomyosin contractility at the subcellular level. The system, named OptoMYPT, combines a protein phosphatase 1c (PP1c)-binding domain of MYPT1 with an optogenetic dimerizer, so that it allows light-dependent recruitment of endogenous PP1c to the plasma membrane. Blue-light illumination is sufficient to induce dephosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains and a decrease in actomyosin contractile force in mammalian cells and Xenopus embryos. The OptoMYPT system is further employed to understand the mechanics of actomyosin-based cortical tension and contractile ring tension during cytokinesis. We find that the relaxation of cortical tension at both poles by OptoMYPT accelerated the furrow ingression rate, revealing that the cortical tension substantially antagonizes constriction of the cleavage furrow. Based on these results, the OptoMYPT system provides opportunities to understand cellular and tissue mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamamoto
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Haruko Miura
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Motohiko Ishida
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, 153-8902, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, Universal Biology Institute, University of Tokyo, Komaba, 153-8902, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mii
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kinoshita
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Naoto Ueno
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- IRCC International Research Collaboration Center, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 4-3-13 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0001, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sawai
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, 153-8902, Tokyo, Japan
- Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, Universal Biology Institute, University of Tokyo, Komaba, 153-8902, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Kondo
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- IRCC International Research Collaboration Center, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 4-3-13 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0001, Japan.
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28
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Dobrokhotov O, Sunagawa M, Torii T, Mii S, Kawauchi K, Enomoto A, Sokabe M, Hirata H. Anti-Malignant Effect of Tensile Loading to Adherens Junctions in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728383. [PMID: 34858971 PMCID: PMC8632149 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actomyosin contractility regulates various cellular processes including proliferation and differentiation while dysregulation of actomyosin activity contributes to cancer development and progression. Previously, we have reported that actomyosin-generated tension at adherens junctions is required for cell density-dependent inhibition of proliferation of normal skin keratinocytes. However, it remains unclear how actomyosin contractility affects the hyperproliferation ability of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) cells. In this study, we find that actomyosin activity is impaired in cSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. External application of tensile loads to adherens junctions by sustained mechanical stretch attenuates the proliferation of cSCC cells, which depends on intact adherens junctions. Forced activation of actomyosin of cSCC cells also inhibits their proliferation in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. Furthermore, the cell cycle arrest induced by tensile loading to adherens junctions is accompanied by epidermal differentiation in cSCC cells. Our results show that the degree of malignant properties of cSCC cells can be reduced by applying tensile loads to adherens junctions, which implies that the mechanical status of adherens junctions may serve as a novel therapeutic target for cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Dobrokhotov
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Sunagawa
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeru Torii
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Kawauchi
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hirata
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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29
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Pai FC, Huang HW, Tsai YL, Tsai WC, Cheng YC, Chang HH, Chen Y. Inhibition of FABP6 Reduces Tumor Cell Invasion and Angiogenesis through the Decrease in MMP-2 and VEGF in Human Glioblastoma Cells. Cells 2021; 10:2782. [PMID: 34685761 PMCID: PMC8534568 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is one of the most lethal cancers with rapid progression, high recurrence, and poor prognosis in the central nervous system. Fatty acid-binding protein 6 (FABP6) is a bile acid carrier protein that is overexpressed in colorectal cancer. This study aimed to assess the involvement of FABP6 expression in the progression of malignant glioma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that FABP6 expression was higher in glioma than in normal brain tissue. After the knockdown of FABP6, a decrease in the migration and invasion abilities of glioma cells was observed. The phosphorylation of the myosin light chain was inhibited, which may be associated with migration ability. Moreover, expression levels of invasion-related proteins, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and cathepsin B, were reduced. Furthermore, tube formation was inhibited in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells with a decreased concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the conditioned medium after the knockdown of FABP6. The phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p65 were also decreased after FABP6 reduction. Finally, the bioluminescent images and immunostaining of MMP-2, cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), and the VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) revealed attenuated tumor progression in the combination of the FABP6-knocked-down and temozolomide (TMZ)-treated group in an orthotopic xenograft mouse tumor model. This is the first study that revealed the impact of FABP6 on the invasion, angiogenesis, and progression of glioma. The results of this study show that FABP6 may be a potential therapeutic target combined with TMZ for malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Cheng Pai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiang-Wei Huang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (H.-W.H.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yu-Ling Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-L.T.); (W.-C.T.)
| | - Yu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (H.-W.H.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Hsin-Han Chang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (H.-W.H.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (H.-W.H.); (Y.-C.C.)
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30
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Chen YH, Lin WY, Huang YC, Ho WY, Fu CW, Tu CM, Hwang CS, Hung CL, Lin MC, Cheng F, Wang YJ, Chen CH, Chou SH, She MP, Yang CY, Cheng HL, Liu CP, Lu DW. The Intraocular Pressure Lowering Effect of a Dual Kinase Inhibitor (ITRI-E-(S)4046) in Ocular Hypertensive Animal Models. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:12. [PMID: 34661609 PMCID: PMC8525843 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.13.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a preclinical compound, ITRI-E-(S)4046, a dual synergistic inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase 4 (MYLK4) and Rho-related protein kinase (ROCK), for reducing intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods ITRI-E-(S)4046 is an amino-pyrazole derivative with physical and chemical properties suitable for ophthalmic formulation. In vitro kinase inhibition was evaluated using the Kinase-Glo Luminescent Kinase Assays. A comprehensive kinase selectivity analysis of ITRI-E-(S)4046 was performed using the KINOMEscan assay from DiscoverRx. The IOP reduction and tolerability of ITRI-E-(S)4046 were assessed in ocular normotensive rabbits, ocular normotensive non-human primates, and ocular hypertensive rabbits. In vivo studies were conducted to assess drug concentrations in ocular tissue. The adverse ocular effects of rabbit eyes were evaluated following the OECD405 guidelines. Results ITRI-E-(S)4046 showed highly selective kinase inhibitory activity against ROCK1/2, MYLK4, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 19 (MAP3K19), with high specificity against protein kinase A, G, and C families. In ocular normotensive rabbits and non-human primates, the mean IOP reductions of 0.1% ITRI-E-(S)4046 eye drops were 29.8% and 28.5%, respectively. In hypertonic saline-induced and magnetic beads-induced ocular hypertensive rabbits, the mean IOP reductions of ITRI-E-(S)4046 0.1% eye drops were 46.9% and 22.0%, respectively. ITRI-E-(S)4046 was well tolerated with only temporary and minor signs of hyperemia. Conclusions ITRI-E-(S)4046 is a novel type of highly specific ROCK1/2 and MYLK4 inhibitor that can reduce IOP in normotensive and hypertensive animal models. It has the potential to become an effective and well-tolerated treatment for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsun Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems (iNEMS), National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ying Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Research and Development, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan Yu Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chih-Wei Fu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Mu Tu
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems (iNEMS), National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chrong-Shiong Hwang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Lien Hung
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Felice Cheng
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jen Wang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Hsiang Chou
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ping She
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Yang
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Cheng
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Liu
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Da-Wen Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Taneja N, Baillargeon SM, Burnette DT. Myosin light chain kinase-driven myosin II turnover regulates actin cortex contractility during mitosis. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:br3. [PMID: 34319762 PMCID: PMC8684764 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-09-0608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Force generation by the molecular motor myosin II (MII) at the actin cortex is a universal feature of animal cells. Despite its central role in driving cell shape changes, the mechanisms underlying MII regulation at the actin cortex remain incompletely understood. Here we show that myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) promotes MII turnover at the mitotic cortex. Inhibition of MLCK resulted in an alteration of the relative levels of phosphorylated regulatory light chain (RLC), with MLCK preferentially creating a short-lived pRLC species and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) preferentially creating a stable ppRLC species during metaphase. Slower turnover of MII and altered RLC homeostasis on MLCK inhibition correlated with increased cortex tension, driving increased membrane bleb initiation and growth, but reduced bleb retraction during mitosis. Taken together, we show that ROCK and MLCK play distinct roles at the actin cortex during mitosis; ROCK activity is required for recruitment of MII to the cortex, while MLCK activity promotes MII turnover. Our findings support the growing evidence that MII turnover is an essential dynamic process influencing the mechanical output of the actin cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Taneja
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Sophie M. Baillargeon
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Dylan T. Burnette
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37212
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32
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Starostina I, Jang YK, Kim HS, Suh JS, Ahn SH, Choi GH, Suk M, Kim TJ. Distinct calcium regulation of TRPM7 mechanosensitive channels at plasma membrane microdomains visualized by FRET-based single cell imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17893. [PMID: 34504177 PMCID: PMC8429465 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7), a mechanosensitive Ca2+ channel, plays a crucial role in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. However, it is currently unclear how cell mechanical cues control TRPM7 activity and its associated Ca2+ influx at plasma membrane microdomains. Using two different types of Ca2+ biosensors (Lyn-D3cpv and Kras-D3cpv) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer, we investigate how Ca2+ influx generated by the TRPM7-specific agonist naltriben is mediated at the detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) and non-DRM regions. This study reveals that TRPM7-induced Ca2+ influx mainly occurs at the DRM, and chemically induced mechanical perturbations in the cell mechanosensitive apparatus substantially reduce Ca2+ influx through TRPM7, preferably located at the DRM. Such perturbations include the disintegration of lipid rafts, microtubules, or actomyosin filaments; the alteration of actomyosin contractility; and the inhibition of focal adhesion and Src kinases. These results suggest that the mechanical membrane environment contributes to the TRPM7 function and activity. Thus, this study provides a fundamental understanding of how the mechanical aspects of the cell membrane regulate the function of mechanosensitive channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Starostina
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kwan Jang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Su Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Ho Choi
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungeun Suk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Pusan, 47340, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Bischoff MC, Bogdan S. Collective cell migration driven by filopodia-New insights from the social behavior of myotubes. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100124. [PMID: 34480489 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Collective migration is a key process that is critical during development, as well as in physiological and pathophysiological processes including tissue repair, wound healing and cancer. Studies in genetic model organisms have made important contributions to our current understanding of the mechanisms that shape cells into different tissues during morphogenesis. Recent advances in high-resolution and live-cell-imaging techniques provided new insights into the social behavior of cells based on careful visual observations within the context of a living tissue. In this review, we will compare Drosophila testis nascent myotube migration with established in vivo model systems, elucidate similarities, new features and principles in collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik C Bischoff
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sven Bogdan
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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34
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Schindler D, Moldenhawer T, Stange M, Lepro V, Beta C, Holschneider M, Huisinga W. Analysis of protrusion dynamics in amoeboid cell motility by means of regularized contour flows. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009268. [PMID: 34424898 PMCID: PMC8412247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoeboid cell motility is essential for a wide range of biological processes including wound healing, embryonic morphogenesis, and cancer metastasis. It relies on complex dynamical patterns of cell shape changes that pose long-standing challenges to mathematical modeling and raise a need for automated and reproducible approaches to extract quantitative morphological features from image sequences. Here, we introduce a theoretical framework and a computational method for obtaining smooth representations of the spatiotemporal contour dynamics from stacks of segmented microscopy images. Based on a Gaussian process regression we propose a one-parameter family of regularized contour flows that allows us to continuously track reference points (virtual markers) between successive cell contours. We use this approach to define a coordinate system on the moving cell boundary and to represent different local geometric quantities in this frame of reference. In particular, we introduce the local marker dispersion as a measure to identify localized membrane expansions and provide a fully automated way to extract the properties of such expansions, including their area and growth time. The methods are available as an open-source software package called AmoePy, a Python-based toolbox for analyzing amoeboid cell motility (based on time-lapse microscopy data), including a graphical user interface and detailed documentation. Due to the mathematical rigor of our framework, we envision it to be of use for the development of novel cell motility models. We mainly use experimental data of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum to illustrate and validate our approach. Amoeboid motion is a crawling-like cell migration that plays an important key role in multiple biological processes such as wound healing and cancer metastasis. This type of cell motility results from expanding and simultaneously contracting parts of the cell membrane. From fluorescence images, we obtain a sequence of points, representing the cell membrane, for each time step. By using regression analysis on these sequences, we derive smooth representations, so-called contours, of the membrane. Since the number of measurements is discrete and often limited, the question is raised of how to link consecutive contours with each other. In this work, we present a novel mathematical framework in which these links are described by regularized flows allowing a certain degree of concentration or stretching of neighboring reference points on the same contour. This stretching rate, the so-called local dispersion, is used to identify expansions and contractions of the cell membrane providing a fully automated way of extracting properties of these cell shape changes. We applied our methods to time-lapse microscopy data of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schindler
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ted Moldenhawer
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maike Stange
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Valentino Lepro
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Carsten Beta
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Wilhelm Huisinga
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- * E-mail:
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35
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Madhivanan K, Ramadesikan S, Hsieh WC, Aguilar MC, Hanna CB, Bacallao RL, Aguilar RC. Lowe syndrome patient cells display mTOR- and RhoGTPase-dependent phenotypes alleviated by rapamycin and statins. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1700-1715. [PMID: 32391547 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lowe syndrome (LS) is an X-linked developmental disease characterized by cognitive deficiencies, bilateral congenital cataracts and renal dysfunction. Unfortunately, this disease leads to the early death of affected children often due to kidney failure. Although this condition was first described in the early 1950s and the affected gene (OCRL1) was identified in the early 1990s, its pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood and there is no LS-specific cure available to patients. Here we report two important signaling pathways affected in LS patient cells. While RhoGTPase signaling abnormalities led to adhesion and spreading defects as compared to normal controls, PI3K/mTOR hyperactivation interfered with primary cilia assembly (scenario also observed in other ciliopathies with compromised kidney function). Importantly, we identified two FDA-approved drugs able to ameliorate these phenotypes. Specifically, statins mitigated adhesion and spreading abnormalities while rapamycin facilitated ciliogenesis in LS patient cells. However, no single drug was able to alleviate both phenotypes. Based on these and other observations, we speculate that Ocrl1 has dual, independent functions supporting proper RhoGTPase and PI3K/mTOR signaling. Therefore, this study suggest that Ocrl1-deficiency leads to signaling defects likely to require combinatorial drug treatment to suppress patient phenotypes and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayalvizhi Madhivanan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Building, Room 321, 201 S. University street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Swetha Ramadesikan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Building, Room 321, 201 S. University street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wen-Chieh Hsieh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Building, Room 321, 201 S. University street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mariana C Aguilar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Building, Room 321, 201 S. University street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Claudia B Hanna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Building, Room 321, 201 S. University street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Robert L Bacallao
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 340 W 10th St #6200, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - R Claudio Aguilar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Hansen Life Sciences Building, Room 321, 201 S. University street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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36
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Garrido-Casado M, Asensio-Juárez G, Vicente-Manzanares M. Nonmuscle Myosin II Regulation Directs Its Multiple Roles in Cell Migration and Division. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2021; 37:285-310. [PMID: 34314591 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-042721-105528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) is a multimeric protein complex that generates most mechanical force in eukaryotic cells. NMII function is controlled at three main levels. The first level includes events that trigger conformational changes that extend the complex to enable its assembly into filaments. The second level controls the ATPase activity of the complex and its binding to microfilaments in extended NMII filaments. The third level includes events that modulate the stability and contractility of the filaments. They all work in concert to finely control force generation inside cells. NMII is a common endpoint of mechanochemical signaling pathways that control cellular responses to physical and chemical extracellular cues. Specific phosphorylations modulate NMII activation in a context-dependent manner. A few kinases control these phosphorylations in a spatially, temporally, and lineage-restricted fashion, enabling functional adaptability to the cellular microenvironment. Here, we review mechanisms that control NMII activity in the context of cell migration and division. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Volume 37 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Garrido-Casado
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Gloria Asensio-Juárez
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
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37
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Oya R, Tsukamoto O, Sato T, Kato H, Matsuoka K, Oshima K, Kamakura T, Ohta Y, Imai T, Takashima S, Inohara H. Phosphorylation of MYL12 by Myosin Light Chain Kinase Regulates Cellular Shape Changes in Cochlear Hair Cells. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2021; 22:425-441. [PMID: 33877471 PMCID: PMC8329122 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-021-00796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The organ of Corti is an auditory organ located in the cochlea, comprising hair cells (HCs) and other supporting cells. Cellular shape changes of HCs are important for the development of auditory epithelia and hearing function. It was previously observed that HCs and inner sulcus cells (ISCs) demonstrate cellular shape changes similar to the apical constriction of the neural epithelia. Apical constriction is induced via actomyosin cable contraction in the apical junctional complex and necessary for the physiological function of the epithelium. Actomyosin cable contraction is mainly regulated by myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) phosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). However, MRLC and MLCK isoforms expressed in HCs and ISCs are unknown. Hence, we investigated the expression patterns and roles of MRLCs and MLCKs in HCs. Droplet digital PCR revealed that HCs expressed MYL12A/B and MYL9, which are non-muscle MRLC and smooth muscle MLCK (smMLCK), respectively. Immunofluorescence staining throughout the organ of Corti demonstrated that only MYL12 was expressed in the apical portion of HCs, whereas MYL12 and MYL9 were expressed on ISCs. In addition, purified MYL12B was phosphorylated by smMLCK in vitro, and the harvested HCs contained phosphorylated MYL12. Furthermore, accompanied by the expansion of the cell area of outer HCs, MYL12 phosphorylation was reduced by ML-7, which is an inhibitor of smMLCK. In conclusion, MYL12 phosphorylation by smMLCK contributed to the apical constriction-like cellular shape change of HCs possibly relating to the development of auditory epithelia and hearing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Oya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Tsukamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Sato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Kato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Matsuoka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Oshima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kamakura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumi Ohta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Imai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inohara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Soriano O, Alcón-Pérez M, Vicente-Manzanares M, Castellano E. The Crossroads between RAS and RHO Signaling Pathways in Cellular Transformation, Motility and Contraction. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060819. [PMID: 34071831 PMCID: PMC8229961 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras and Rho proteins are GTP-regulated molecular switches that control multiple signaling pathways in eukaryotic cells. Ras was among the first identified oncogenes, and it appears mutated in many forms of human cancer. It mainly promotes proliferation and survival through the MAPK pathway and the PI3K/AKT pathways, respectively. However, the myriad proteins close to the plasma membrane that activate or inhibit Ras make it a major regulator of many apparently unrelated pathways. On the other hand, Rho is weakly oncogenic by itself, but it critically regulates microfilament dynamics; that is, actin polymerization, disassembly and contraction. Polymerization is driven mainly by the Arp2/3 complex and formins, whereas contraction depends on myosin mini-filament assembly and activity. These two pathways intersect at numerous points: from Ras-dependent triggering of Rho activators, some of which act through PI3K, to mechanical feedback driven by actomyosin action. Here, we describe the main points of connection between the Ras and Rho pathways as they coordinately drive oncogenic transformation. We emphasize the biochemical crosstalk that drives actomyosin contraction driven by Ras in a Rho-dependent manner. We also describe possible routes of mechanical feedback through which myosin II activation may control Ras/Rho activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Soriano
- Tumor Biophysics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Marta Alcón-Pérez
- Tumour-Stroma Signalling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Miguel Vicente-Manzanares
- Tumor Biophysics Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.V.-M.); (E.C.)
| | - Esther Castellano
- Tumour-Stroma Signalling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.V.-M.); (E.C.)
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Das S, Surve V, Marathe S, Wad S, Karulkar A, Srinivasan S, Dwivedi A, Barthel SR, Purwar R. IL-9 Abrogates the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer by Controlling Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Cellular Contractility. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2740-2752. [PMID: 34021045 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-9 is produced by Th9 cells and is classically known as a growth-promoting cytokine. Although protumorigenic functions of IL-9 are described in T cell lymphoma, recently, we and others have reported anti-tumor activities of IL-9 in melanoma mediated by mast cells and CD8+ T cells. However, involvement of IL-9 in invasive breast and cervical cancer remains unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate IL-9-dependent inhibition of metastasis of both human breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and cervical (HeLa) tumor cells in physiological three-dimensional invasion assays. To dissect underlying mechanisms of IL-9-mediated suppression of invasion, we analyzed IL-9-dependent pathways of cancer cell metastasis, including proteolysis, contractility, and focal adhesion dynamics. IL-9 markedly blocked tumor cell-collagen degradation, highlighting the effects of IL-9 on extracellular matrix remodeling. Moreover, IL-9 significantly reduced phosphorylation of myosin L chain and resultant actomyosin contractility and also increased focal adhesion formation. Finally, IL-9 suppressed IL-17- and IFN-γ-induced metastasis of both human breast (MDA-MB-231) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cells. In conclusion, IL-9 inhibits the metastatic potential of breast and cervical cancer cells by controlling extracellular matrix remodeling and cellular contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; and
| | - Vishakha Surve
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; and
| | - Soumitra Marathe
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; and
| | - Siddhi Wad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; and
| | - Atharva Karulkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; and
| | - Srisathya Srinivasan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; and
| | - Alka Dwivedi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; and
| | - Steven R Barthel
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Rahul Purwar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; and
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40
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Myosin Motors: Novel Regulators and Therapeutic Targets in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040741. [PMID: 33670106 PMCID: PMC7916823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a deadly disease that may go undiagnosed until it presents at an advanced metastatic stage for which few interventions are available. The development and metastatic spread of CRC is driven by remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in cancer cells. Myosins represent a large family of actin motor proteins that play key roles in regulating actin cytoskeleton architecture and dynamics. Different myosins can move and cross-link actin filaments, attach them to the membrane organelles and translocate vesicles along the actin filaments. These diverse activities determine the key roles of myosins in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and motility. Either mutations or the altered expression of different myosins have been well-documented in CRC; however, the roles of these actin motors in colon cancer development remain poorly understood. The present review aims at summarizing the evidence that implicate myosin motors in regulating CRC growth and metastasis and discusses the mechanisms underlying the oncogenic and tumor-suppressing activities of myosins. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common cause of cancer and the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Clinicians are largely faced with advanced and metastatic disease for which few interventions are available. One poorly understood aspect of CRC involves altered organization of the actin cytoskeleton, especially at the metastatic stage of the disease. Myosin motors are crucial regulators of actin cytoskeletal architecture and remodeling. They act as mechanosensors of the tumor environments and control key cellular processes linked to oncogenesis, including cell division, extracellular matrix adhesion and tissue invasion. Different myosins play either oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles in breast, lung and prostate cancer; however, little is known about their functions in CRC. This review focuses on the functional roles of myosins in colon cancer development. We discuss the most studied class of myosins, class II (conventional) myosins, as well as several classes (I, V, VI, X and XVIII) of unconventional myosins that have been linked to CRC development. Altered expression and mutations of these motors in clinical tumor samples and their roles in CRC growth and metastasis are described. We also evaluate the potential of using small molecular modulators of myosin activity to develop novel anticancer therapies.
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41
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Li Z, Bratlie KM. Fibroblasts treated with macrophage conditioned medium results in phenotypic shifts and changes in collagen organization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111915. [PMID: 33641908 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In tissue regeneration, the goal is to regenerate tissue similar to what was damaged or missing while preventing fibrotic scarring, which may lead to decreased mechanical strength and dissimilar tissue characteristics compared to native tissue. We believe collagen orientation plays a critical role in wound contraction and scarring and that it is modulated by myofibroblasts. We used macrophage conditioned medium to simulate complex events that can influence the fibroblast phenotype during the wound healing process. In addition to examining the effect of macrophage phenotype on fibroblasts, we inhibited focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), and myosin II for fibroblasts cultured on both tissue culture plastic and methacrylated gellan gum to understand how different pathways and materials influence fibroblast responses. Collagen orientation, α-SMA expression, focal adhesion area, and cell migration were altered by inhibition of FAK, ROCK, or myosin II and macrophage phenotype, along with the substrate. An increase in either focal adhesion area or α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression correlated with an aligned collagen orientation. Gellan gum hydrogels upregulated α-SMA expression in ROCK inhibited conditioned media and downregulated the FAK area in FAK and ROCK inhibited conditioned media. Myosin II had no impact on the α-SMA expression on the substrate compared to coverslip except for M2 conditioned medium. Gellan gum hydrogel significantly increased cell migration under FAK and Myosin II mediated conditioned media and unconditioned media. Collectively, our study examined how macrophage phenotype influences fibroblast response, which would be beneficial in controlling scar tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Bratlie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Bressan C, Saghatelyan A. Intrinsic Mechanisms Regulating Neuronal Migration in the Postnatal Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:620379. [PMID: 33519385 PMCID: PMC7838331 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.620379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal migration is a fundamental brain development process that allows cells to move from their birthplaces to their sites of integration. Although neuronal migration largely ceases during embryonic and early postnatal development, neuroblasts continue to be produced and to migrate to a few regions of the adult brain such as the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). In the SVZ, a large number of neuroblasts migrate into the olfactory bulb (OB) along the rostral migratory stream (RMS). Neuroblasts migrate in chains in a tightly organized micro-environment composed of astrocytes that ensheath the chains of neuroblasts and regulate their migration; the blood vessels that are used by neuroblasts as a physical scaffold and a source of molecular factors; and axons that modulate neuronal migration. In addition to diverse sets of extrinsic micro-environmental cues, long-distance neuronal migration involves a number of intrinsic mechanisms, including membrane and cytoskeleton remodeling, Ca2+ signaling, mitochondria dynamics, energy consumption, and autophagy. All these mechanisms are required to cope with the different micro-environment signals and maintain cellular homeostasis in order to sustain the proper dynamics of migrating neuroblasts and their faithful arrival in the target regions. Neuroblasts in the postnatal brain not only migrate into the OB but may also deviate from their normal path to migrate to a site of injury induced by a stroke or by certain neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we will focus on the intrinsic mechanisms that regulate long-distance neuroblast migration in the adult brain and on how these pathways may be modulated to control the recruitment of neuroblasts to damaged/diseased brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Bressan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Armen Saghatelyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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43
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Liu Y, Song Y, Liu P, Li S, Shi Y, Yu G, Quan K, Fan Z, Li P, An Q, Zhu W. Comparative bioinformatics analysis between proteomes of rabbit aneurysm model and human intracranial aneurysm with label-free quantitative proteomics. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:101-112. [PMID: 33389819 PMCID: PMC7804895 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to find critical proteins involved in the development of intracranial aneurysm by comparing proteomes of rabbit aneurysm model and human aneurysms. Methods Five human intracranial aneurysm samples and 5 superficial temporal artery samples, and 4 rabbit aneurysm samples and 4 control samples were collected for protein mass spectrometry. Four human intracranial aneurysm samples and 4 superficial temporal artery samples, and 6 rabbit aneurysm samples and 6 control samples were used for immunochemistry. Results Proteomic analysis revealed 180 significantly differentially expressed proteins in human intracranial aneurysms and 716 significantly differentially expressed proteins in rabbit aneurysms. Among them, 57 proteins were differentially expressed in both species, in which 24 were increased and 33 were decreased in aneurysms compared to the control groups. Proteins were involved in focal adhesion and extracellular matrix‐receptor interaction pathways. We found that COL4A2, MYLK, VCL, and TAGLN may be related to aneurysm development. Conclusion Proteomics analysis provided fundamental insights into the pathogenesis of aneurysm. Proteins related to focal adhesion and extracellular matrix‐receptor interaction pathways play an important role in the occurrence and development of intracranial aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery. Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaying Song
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery. Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Sichen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery. Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery. Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery. Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Quan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery. Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery. Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiliang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery. Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingzhu An
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery. Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery. Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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Zheng Y, Fan Q, Eddy CZ, Wang X, Sun B, Ye F, Jiao Y. Modeling multicellular dynamics regulated by extracellular-matrix-mediated mechanical communication via active particles with polarized effective attraction. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:052409. [PMID: 33327171 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.052409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is crucial to many physiological and pathological processes such as embryo development, wound healing, and cancer invasion. Recent experimental studies have indicated that the active traction forces generated by migrating cells in a fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) can mechanically remodel the ECM, giving rise to bundlelike mesostructures bridging individual cells. Such fiber bundles also enable long-range propagation of cellular forces, leading to correlated migration dynamics regulated by the mechanical communication among the cells. Motivated by these experimental discoveries, we develop an active-particle model with polarized effective attractions (APPA) to investigate emergent multicellular migration dynamics resulting from ECM-mediated mechanical communications. In particular, the APPA model generalizes the classic active-Brownian-particle (ABP) model by imposing a pairwise polarized attractive force between the particles, which depends on the instantaneous dynamic states of the particles and mimics the effective mutual pulling between the cells via the fiber bundle bridge. The APPA system exhibits enhanced aggregation behaviors compared to the classic ABP system, and the contrast is more apparent at lower particle densities and higher rotational diffusivities. Importantly, in contrast to the classic ABP system where the particle velocities are not correlated for all particle densities, the high-density phase of the APPA system exhibits strong dynamic correlations, which are characterized by the slowly decaying velocity correlation functions with a correlation length comparable to the linear size of the high-density phase domain (i.e., the cluster of particles). The strongly correlated multicellular dynamics predicted by the APPA model is subsequently verified in in vitro experiments using MCF-10A cells. Our studies indicate the importance of incorporating ECM-mediated mechanical coupling among the migrating cells for appropriately modeling emergent multicellular dynamics in complex microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Qihui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Christopher Z Eddy
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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45
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Shaaya M, Fauser J, Zhurikhina A, Conage-Pough JE, Huyot V, Brennan M, Flower CT, Matsche J, Khan S, Natarajan V, Rehman J, Kota P, White FM, Tsygankov D, Karginov AV. Light-regulated allosteric switch enables temporal and subcellular control of enzyme activity. eLife 2020; 9:e60647. [PMID: 32965214 PMCID: PMC7577742 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered allosteric regulation of protein activity provides significant advantages for the development of robust and broadly applicable tools. However, the application of allosteric switches in optogenetics has been scarce and suffers from critical limitations. Here, we report an optogenetic approach that utilizes an engineered Light-Regulated (LightR) allosteric switch module to achieve tight spatiotemporal control of enzymatic activity. Using the tyrosine kinase Src as a model, we demonstrate efficient regulation of the kinase and identify temporally distinct signaling responses ranging from seconds to minutes. LightR-Src off-kinetics can be tuned by modulating the LightR photoconversion cycle. A fast cycling variant enables the stimulation of transient pulses and local regulation of activity in a selected region of a cell. The design of the LightR module ensures broad applicability of the tool, as we demonstrate by achieving light-mediated regulation of Abl and bRaf kinases as well as Cre recombinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Shaaya
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Jordan Fauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Anastasia Zhurikhina
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
| | - Jason E Conage-Pough
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Vincent Huyot
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Martin Brennan
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Cameron T Flower
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Jacob Matsche
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Shahzeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, The University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Pradeep Kota
- Marsico Lung Institute, Cystic Fibrosis Center and Department of Medicine, University of North CarolinaChapel HillUnited States
| | - Forest M White
- The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Denis Tsygankov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaUnited States
| | - Andrei V Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, The University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
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Kelley CA, De Henau S, Bell L, Dansen TB, Cram EJ. Redox signaling modulates Rho activity and tissue contractility in the Caenorhabditis elegans spermatheca. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1486-1497. [PMID: 32374641 PMCID: PMC7359568 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-04-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Actomyosin-based contractility in smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells is regulated by signaling through the small GTPase Rho and by calcium-activated pathways. We use the myoepithelial cells of the Caenorhabditis elegans spermatheca to study the mechanisms of coordinated myosin activation in vivo. Here, we show that redox signaling modulates RHO-1/Rho activity in this contractile tissue. Exogenously added as well as endogenously generated hydrogen peroxide decreases spermathecal contractility by inhibition of RHO-1, which depends on a conserved cysteine in its nucleotide binding site (C20). Further, we identify an endogenous gradient of H2O2 across the spermathecal tissue, which depends on the activity of cytosolic superoxide dismutase, SOD-1. Collectively, we show that SOD-1-mediated H2O2 production regulates the redox environment and fine tunes Rho activity across the spermatheca through oxidation of RHO-1 C20.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasha De Henau
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Liam Bell
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tobias B Dansen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research Section, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erin J Cram
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
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Bhattacharya A, Ghosh P, Prasad R, Ghosh A, Das K, Roy A, Mallik S, Sinha DK, Sen P. MAP Kinase driven actomyosin rearrangement is a crucial regulator of monocyte to macrophage differentiation. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109691. [PMID: 32531262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton correlates significantly with the immune responses as the perturbation of cytoskeletal dynamics leads to many immune deficiencies. Mechanistic insights into this correlation remain unknown. Cellular spreading, the most characteristic phenotype associated with monocyte to macrophage differentiation, led us to investigate the contribution of actomyosin dynamics in monocyte differentiation. Our observation revealed that actomyosin reorganization intrinsically governs the process of monocyte to macrophage differentiation. Further, we established that the MAPK-driven signaling pathways regulate the cellular actomyosin dynamics that direct monocyte to macrophage differentiation. We also identified P42/44 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (P42/44 MAPK), P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (P38 MAPK), MAP Kinase Activated Protein Kinase 2 (MK-2), Heat Shock Protein 27 (Hsp-27), Lim Kinase (Lim K), non-muscle cofilin (n-cofilin), Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK) and Myosin Light Chain (MLC) as critical components of the signaling network. Moreover, we have shown the involvement of the same signaling cascade in 3D gel-like microenvironment induced spontaneous monocyte to macrophage differentiation and in human blood-derived PBMC differentiation. Our study reveals new mechanistic insights into the process of monocyte to macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Purnam Ghosh
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Ramesh Prasad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kaushik Das
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Suman Mallik
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Sinha
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Dorn A, Glaß M, Neu CT, Heydel B, Hüttelmaier S, Gutschner T, Haemmerle M. LINC00261 Is Differentially Expressed in Pancreatic Cancer Subtypes and Regulates a Pro-Epithelial Cell Identity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051227. [PMID: 32414223 PMCID: PMC7281485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the major causes of cancer-associated deaths worldwide, with a dismal prognosis that has not significantly changed over the last decades. Transcriptional analysis has provided valuable insights into pancreatic tumorigenesis. Specifically, pancreatic cancer subtypes were identified, characterized by specific mutations and gene expression changes associated with differences in patient survival. In addition to differentially regulated mRNAs, non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), were shown to have subtype-specific expression patterns. Hence, we aimed to characterize prognostic lncRNAs with deregulated expression in the squamous subtype of PDAC, which has the worst prognosis. Extensive in silico analyses followed by in vitro experiments identified long intergenic non-coding RNA 261 (LINC00261) as a downregulated lncRNA in the squamous subtype of PDAC, which is generally associated with transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling in human cancer cells. Its genomic neighbor, the transcription factor forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2), regulated LINC00261 expression by direct binding of the LINC00261 promoter. CRISPR-mediated knockdown and promoter knockout validated the importance of LINC00261 in TGFβ-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and established the epithelial marker E-cadherin, an important cell adhesion protein, as a downstream target of LINC00261. Consequently, depletion of LINC00261 enhanced motility and invasiveness of PANC-1 cells in vitro. Altogether, our data suggest that LINC00261 is an important tumor-suppressive lncRNA in PDAC that is involved in maintaining a pro-epithelial state associated with favorable disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Dorn
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (A.D.); (C.T.N.); (B.H.)
| | - Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (M.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Carolin T. Neu
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (A.D.); (C.T.N.); (B.H.)
| | - Beate Heydel
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (A.D.); (C.T.N.); (B.H.)
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section for Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (M.G.); (S.H.)
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (M.H.); Tel.: +49-345-5573945 (T.G.); +49-345-5573964 (M.H.)
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany; (A.D.); (C.T.N.); (B.H.)
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (M.H.); Tel.: +49-345-5573945 (T.G.); +49-345-5573964 (M.H.)
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49
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So S, Lee Y, Choi J, Kang S, Lee JY, Hwang J, Shin J, Dutton JR, Seo EJ, Lee BH, Kim CJ, Mitalipov S, Oh SJ, Kang E. The Rho-associated kinase inhibitor fasudil can replace Y-27632 for use in human pluripotent stem cell research. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233057. [PMID: 32396545 PMCID: PMC7217428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor survival of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) following freezing, thawing, or passaging hinders the maintenance and differentiation of stem cells. Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) play a crucial role in hPSC survival. To date, a typical ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, has been the primary agent used in hPSC research. Here, we report that another ROCK inhibitor, fasudil, can be used as an alternative and is cheaper than Y-27632. It increased hPSC growth following thawing and passaging, like Y-27632, and did not affect pluripotency, differentiation ability, and chromosome integrity. Furthermore, fasudil promoted retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) differentiation and the survival of neural crest cells (NCCs) during differentiation. It was also useful for single-cell passaging of hPSCs and during aggregation. These findings suggest that fasudil can replace Y-27632 for use in stem research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjun So
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwan Choi
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoon Kang
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Julie Hwang
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joosung Shin
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - James R. Dutton
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Eul-Ju Seo
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Medical Genetics Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Soo Jin Oh
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Kang
- Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Zheng Y, Nan H, Liu Y, Fan Q, Wang X, Liu R, Liu L, Ye F, Sun B, Jiao Y. Modeling cell migration regulated by cell extracellular-matrix micromechanical coupling. Phys Rev E 2020; 100:043303. [PMID: 31770879 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.043303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration in fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial to many physiological and pathological processes such as tissue regeneration, immune response, and cancer progression. During migration, individual cells can generate active pulling forces via actomyosin contraction, which are transmitted to the ECM fibers through focal adhesion complexes, remodel the ECM, and eventually propagate to and can be sensed by other cells in the system. The microstructure and physical properties of the ECM can also significantly influence cell migration, e.g., via durotaxis and contact guidance. Here, we develop a computational model for two-dimensional cell migration regulated by cell-ECM micromechanical coupling. Our model explicitly takes into account a variety of cellular-level processes, including focal adhesion formation and disassembly, active traction force generation and cell locomotion due to actin filament contraction, transmission and propagation of tensile forces in the ECM, as well as the resulting ECM remodeling. We validate our model by accurately reproducing single-cell dynamics of MCF-10A breast cancer cells migrating on collagen gels and show that the durotaxis and contact guidance effects naturally arise as a consequence of the cell-ECM micromechanical interactions considered in the model. Moreover, our model predicts strongly correlated multicellular migration dynamics, which are resulted from the ECM-mediated mechanical coupling among the migrating cell and are subsequently verified in in vitro experiments using MCF-10A cells. Our computational model provides a robust tool to investigate emergent collective dynamics of multicellular systems in complex in vivo microenvironment and can be utilized to design in vitro microenvironments to guide collective behaviors and self-organization of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Hanqing Nan
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Yanping Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qihui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruchuan Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Liyu Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matte Physics and CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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