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Janitri V, ArulJothi KN, Ravi Mythili VM, Singh SK, Prasher P, Gupta G, Dua K, Hanumanthappa R, Karthikeyan K, Anand K. The roles of patient-derived xenograft models and artificial intelligence toward precision medicine. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e745. [PMID: 39329017 PMCID: PMC11424683 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) involve transplanting patient cells or tissues into immunodeficient mice, offering superior disease models compared with cell line xenografts and genetically engineered mice. In contrast to traditional cell-line xenografts and genetically engineered mice, PDX models harbor the molecular and biologic features from the original patient tumor and are generationally stable. This high fidelity makes PDX models particularly suitable for preclinical and coclinical drug testing, therefore better predicting therapeutic efficacy. Although PDX models are becoming more useful, the several factors influencing their reliability and predictive power are not well understood. Several existing studies have looked into the possibility that PDX models could be important in enhancing our knowledge with regard to tumor genetics, biomarker discovery, and personalized medicine; however, a number of problems still need to be addressed, such as the high cost and time-consuming processes involved, together with the variability in tumor take rates. This review addresses these gaps by detailing the methodologies to generate PDX models, their application in cancer research, and their advantages over other models. Further, it elaborates on how artificial intelligence and machine learning were incorporated into PDX studies to fast-track therapeutic evaluation. This review is an overview of the progress that has been done so far in using PDX models for cancer research and shows their potential to be further improved in improving our understanding of oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kandasamy Nagarajan ArulJothi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChengalpattuTamil NaduIndia
| | - Vijay Murali Ravi Mythili
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChengalpattuTamil NaduIndia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy AcresDehradunIndia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of PharmacyChitkara UniversityRajpuraPunjabIndia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative, MedicineUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia
| | - Rakshith Hanumanthappa
- JSS Banashankari Arts, Commerce, and SK Gubbi Science CollegeKarnatak UniversityDharwadKarnatakaIndia
| | - Karthikeyan Karthikeyan
- Centre of Excellence in PCB Design and Analysis, Department of Electronics and Communication EngineeringM. Kumarasamy College of EngineeringKarurTamil NaduIndia
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
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2
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Hu C, Long L, Lou J, Leng M, Yang Q, Xu X, Zhou X. CTC-neutrophil interaction: A key driver and therapeutic target of cancer metastasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 180:117474. [PMID: 39316968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that detach from the primary tumor and enter the bloodstream, where they can seed new metastatic lesions in distant organs. CTCs are often associated with white blood cells (WBCs), especially neutrophils, the most abundant and versatile immune cells in the blood. Neutrophils can interact with CTCs through various mechanisms, such as cell-cell adhesion, cytokine secretion, protease release, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. These interactions can promote the survival, proliferation, invasion, and extravasation of CTCs, as well as modulate the pre-metastatic niche and the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, inhibiting CTC-neutrophils interaction could be a potential strategy to reduce tumor metastasis and improve the prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the current literature on CTC-neutrophils interaction' role in tumor metastasis and discuss the possible therapeutic approaches to target this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine & School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Ling Long
- School of Pharmacy, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Jie Lou
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Mingjing Leng
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, PR China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine & School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, PR China; Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, No. 10, Changjiang Branch Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, PR China.
| | - Xing Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine & School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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3
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Al-Ruwishan A, Amer B, Salem A, Abdi A, Chimpandu N, Esa A, Melemenis A, Saleem MZ, Mathew R, Gamallat Y. Advancements in Understanding the Hide-and-Seek Strategy of Hibernating Breast Cancer Cells and Their Implications in Oncology from a Broader Perspective: A Comprehensive Overview. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8340-8367. [PMID: 39194709 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in technology, breast cancer still poses a significant threat, often resulting in fatal consequences. While early detection and treatments have shown some promise, many breast cancer patients continue to struggle with the persistent fear of the disease returning. This fear is valid, as breast cancer cells can lay dormant for years before remerging, evading traditional treatments like a game of hide and seek. The biology of these dormant breast cancer cells presents a crucial yet poorly understood challenge in clinical settings. In this review, we aim to explore the mysterious world of dormant breast cancer cells and their significant impact on patient outcomes and prognosis. We shed light on the elusive role of the G9a enzyme and many other epigenetic factors in breast cancer recurrence, highlighting its potential as a target for eliminating dormant cancer cells and preventing disease relapse. Through this comprehensive review, we not only emphasise the urgency of unravelling the dynamics of dormant breast cancer cells to improve patient outcomes and advance personalised oncology but also provide a guide for fellow researchers. By clearly outlining the clinical and research gaps surrounding dormant breast cancer cells from a molecular perspective, we aim to inspire further exploration of this critical area, ultimately leading to improved patient care and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Al-Ruwishan
- Space for Research Initiative, Research Horizons, London NW10 2PU, UK
| | - Bushra Amer
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ahmed Salem
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Ahmed Abdi
- Independent Researcher, Uxbridge UB9 6JH, UK
| | | | | | | | - Muhammad Zubair Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Roselit Mathew
- Department of Oncology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yaser Gamallat
- Department of Oncology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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4
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Andresen NK, Røssevold AH, Borgen E, Schirmer CB, Gilje B, Garred Ø, Lømo J, Stensland M, Nordgård O, Falk RS, Mathiesen RR, Russnes HG, Kyte JA, Naume B. Circulating tumor cells in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors - a biomarker analysis of the ALICE and ICON trials. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38978352 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been introduced in breast cancer (BC) treatment and better biomarkers are needed to predict benefit. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are prognostic in BC, but knowledge is limited on CTCs in the context of ICI therapy. In this study, serial sampling of CTCs (CellSearch system) was evaluated in 82 patients with metastatic BC enrolled in two randomized trials investigating ICI plus chemotherapy. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on CTCs was also measured. Patients with ≥ 2 CTCs per 7.5 mL at baseline had gene expression profiles in tumor suggestive of increased T-cell activity, including increased tumor inflammation signature (TIS) in both triple-negative (P = 0.010) and hormone receptor-positive (P = 0.024) disease. Patients with luminal A BC had higher CTC levels. The association between CTC status and outcome was most apparent 4 weeks into therapy. PD-L1 expression in CTCs was observed in 6/17 CTC-positive patients and was associated with inferior survival. In conclusion, our study indicates that CTC numbers may inform on tumor immune composition, as well as prognosis. These findings suggest a potential of using CTCs as an accessible biomarker source in BC patients treated with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Kragøe Andresen
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Hagen Røssevold
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Borgen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Bjørnar Gilje
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Øystein Garred
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Jon Lømo
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Marius Stensland
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Oddmund Nordgård
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Technology, University of Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Sørum Falk
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | | | - Hege G Russnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Jon Amund Kyte
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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5
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Romaniuk-Drapała A, Totoń E, Taube M, Idzik M, Rubiś B, Lisiak N. Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Heterogeneity: Characteristics and Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2481. [PMID: 39001543 PMCID: PMC11240630 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently detected malignancies worldwide. It is responsible for more than 15% of all death cases caused by cancer in women. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease representing various histological types, molecular characteristics, and clinical profiles. However, all breast cancers are organized in a hierarchy of heterogeneous cell populations, with a small proportion of cancer stem cells (breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs)) playing a putative role in cancer progression, and they are responsible for therapeutic failure. In different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, they present different characteristics, with specific marker profiles, prognoses, and treatments. Recent efforts have focused on tackling the Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and HER2 signaling pathways. Developing diagnostics and therapeutic strategies enables more efficient elimination of the tumor mass together with the stem cell population. Thus, the knowledge about appropriate therapeutic methods targeting both "normal" breast cancer cells and breast cancer stem cell subpopulations is crucial for success in cancer elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Romaniuk-Drapała
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Pharmaceuticum, Rokietnicka Str. 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Totoń
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Pharmaceuticum, Rokietnicka Str. 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Taube
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Pharmaceuticum, Rokietnicka Str. 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Idzik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Pharmaceuticum, Rokietnicka Str. 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Błażej Rubiś
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Pharmaceuticum, Rokietnicka Str. 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Lisiak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Pharmaceuticum, Rokietnicka Str. 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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6
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Cocco E, de Stanchina E. Patient-Derived-Xenografts in Mice: A Preclinical Platform for Cancer Research. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041381. [PMID: 37696659 PMCID: PMC11216185 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) has dramatically improved drug development programs. PDXs (1) reproduce the pathological features and the genomic profile of the parental tumors more precisely than other preclinical models, and (2) more faithfully predict therapy response. However, PDXs have limitations. These include the inability to completely capture tumor heterogeneity and the role of the immune system, the low engraftment efficiency of certain tumor types, and the consequences of the human-host interactions. Recently, the use of novel mouse strains and specialized engraftment techniques has enabled the generation of "humanized" PDXs, partially overcoming such limitations. Importantly, establishing, characterizing, and maintaining PDXs is costly and requires a significant regulatory, administrative, clinical, and laboratory infrastructure. In this review, we will retrace the historical milestones that led to the implementation of PDXs for cancer research, review the most recent innovations in the field, and discuss future avenues to tackle deficiencies that still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cocco
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Mahasa KJ, Ouifki R, de Pillis L, Eladdadi A. A Role of Effector CD 8 + T Cells Against Circulating Tumor Cells Cloaked with Platelets: Insights from a Mathematical Model. Bull Math Biol 2024; 86:89. [PMID: 38884815 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-024-01323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis accounts for a majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Metastasis occurs when the primary tumor sheds cells into the blood and lymphatic circulation, thereby becoming circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that transverse through the circulatory system, extravasate the circulation and establish a secondary distant tumor. Accumulating evidence suggests that circulating effector CD 8 + T cells are able to recognize and attack arrested or extravasating CTCs, but this important antitumoral effect remains largely undefined. Recent studies highlighted the supporting role of activated platelets in CTCs's extravasation from the bloodstream, contributing to metastatic progression. In this work, a simple mathematical model describes how the primary tumor, CTCs, activated platelets and effector CD 8 + T cells participate in metastasis. The stability analysis reveals that for early dissemination of CTCs, effector CD 8 + T cells can present or keep secondary metastatic tumor burden at low equilibrium state. In contrast, for late dissemination of CTCs, effector CD 8 + T cells are unlikely to inhibit secondary tumor growth. Moreover, global sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the rate of the primary tumor growth, intravascular CTC proliferation, as well as the CD 8 + T cell proliferation, strongly affects the number of the secondary tumor cells. Additionally, model simulations indicate that an increase in CTC proliferation greatly contributes to tumor metastasis. Our simulations further illustrate that the higher the number of activated platelets on CTCs, the higher the probability of secondary tumor establishment. Intriguingly, from a mathematical immunology perspective, our simulations indicate that if the rate of effector CD 8 + T cell proliferation is high, then the secondary tumor formation can be considerably delayed, providing a window for adjuvant tumor control strategies. Collectively, our results suggest that the earlier the effector CD 8 + T cell response is enhanced the higher is the probability of preventing or delaying secondary tumor metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaphetsi Joseph Mahasa
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, National University of Lesotho, Roma, Maseru, Lesotho.
| | - Rachid Ouifki
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Mafikeng Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Amina Eladdadi
- Division of Mathematical Sciences, The National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA, USA
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Tang X, Wu Q, Shang L, Liu K, Ge Y, Liang P, Li B. Raman cell sorting for single-cell research. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1389143. [PMID: 38832129 PMCID: PMC11145634 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1389143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells constitute the fundamental units of living organisms. Investigating individual differences at the single-cell level facilitates an understanding of cell differentiation, development, gene expression, and cellular characteristics, unveiling the underlying laws governing life activities in depth. In recent years, the integration of single-cell manipulation and recognition technologies into detection and sorting systems has emerged as a powerful tool for advancing single-cell research. Raman cell sorting technology has garnered attention owing to its non-labeling, non-destructive detection features and the capability to analyze samples containing water. In addition, this technology can provide live cells for subsequent genomics analysis and gene sequencing. This paper emphasizes the importance of single-cell research, describes the single-cell research methods that currently exist, including single-cell manipulation and single-cell identification techniques, and highlights the advantages of Raman spectroscopy in the field of single-cell analysis by comparing it with the fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) technique. It describes various existing Raman cell sorting techniques and introduces their respective advantages and disadvantages. The above techniques were compared and analyzed, considering a variety of factors. The current bottlenecks include weak single-cell spontaneous Raman signals and the requirement for a prolonged total cell exposure time, significantly constraining Raman cell sorting technology's detection speed, efficiency, and throughput. This paper provides an overview of current methods for enhancing weak spontaneous Raman signals and their associated advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the paper outlines the detailed information related to the Raman cell sorting technology mentioned in this paper and discusses the development trends and direction of Raman cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lindong Shang
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hooke Instruments Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Bei Li
- Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hooke Instruments Ltd., Changchun, China
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9
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Jiang X, Zhang X, Guo C, Liu Z, Guo X, Tian Z, Wang Z, Yang J, Huang X, Ou L. Greatly isolated heterogeneous circulating tumor cells using hybrid engineered cell membrane-camouflaged magnetic nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:231. [PMID: 38720360 PMCID: PMC11077811 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are considered as a useful biomarker for early cancer diagnosis, which play a crucial role in metastatic process. Unfortunately, the tumor heterogeneity and extremely rare occurrence rate of CTCs among billions of interfering leukocytes seriously hamper the sensitivity and purity of CTCs isolation. METHODS To address these, we firstly used microfluidic chips to detect the broad-spectrum of triple target combination biomarkers in CTCs of 10 types of cancer patients, including EpCAM, EGFR and Her2. Then, we constructed hybrid engineered cell membrane-camouflaged magnetic nanoparticles (HE-CM-MNs) for efficient capture of heterogeneous CTCs with high-purity, which was enabled by inheriting the recognition ability of HE-CM for various CTCs and reducing homologous cell interaction with leukocytes. Compared with single E-CM-MNs, HE-CM-MNs showed a significant improvement in the capture efficiency for a cell mixture, with an efficiency of 90%. And the capture efficiency of HE-CM-MNs toward 12 subpopulations of tumor cells was ranged from 70 to 85%. Furthermore, by using HE-CM-MNs, we successfully isolated heterogeneous CTCs with high purity from clinical blood samples. Finally, the captured CTCs by HE-CM-MNs could be used for gene mutation analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the promising potential of HE-CM-MNs for heterogeneous CTCs detection and downstream analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ziying Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinglu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Lailiang Ou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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10
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Chen Y, Tang Z, Liu J, Ren C, Zhang Y, Xu H, Li Q, Zhang Q. A multilocus-dendritic boronic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticle for capturing circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of mice with metastatic breast cancer. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1297:342381. [PMID: 38438224 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic fluctuation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can serve as an indicator of tumor progression. However, the sensitive isolation of CTCs remains extremely challenging due to their rarity and heterogeneity. Against this dilemma, dendritic boronic acid-modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared in this study, and polyethyleneimine (PEI) was utilized as a scaffold to significantly increase the number of boronic acid moieties. Then the novel developed material was applied to monitor the number of CTCs in mice with metastatic breast cancer to evaluate the therapeutic effects of matrine (Mat), doxorubicin (Dox), and Mat in combination with Dox. RESULTS Compared to the low binding capacity of a single boronic acid ligand, dendritic boronic acid shows enhanced sensitivity in binding to sialic acid (SA), which is overexpressed in CTCs. The results showed that the capture efficiency of this modified material could achieve 94.7% and successfully captured CTCs in blood samples from mice with metastatic breast cancer. The CTC counts were consistent with the results of the pathologic examination, demonstrating the reliability and utility of the method. SIGNIFICANCE The dendritic boronic acid nanomaterials prepared in this study showed high specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for cancer cell capture. The approach is expected to provide new insights into cancer diagnosis, personalized therapy, and optimization of treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhengkun Tang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chuanyang Ren
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Huarong Xu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qing Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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11
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Allen TA. The Role of Circulating Tumor Cells as a Liquid Biopsy for Cancer: Advances, Biology, Technical Challenges, and Clinical Relevance. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1377. [PMID: 38611055 PMCID: PMC11010957 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with metastasis significantly contributing to its lethality. The metastatic spread of tumor cells, primarily through the bloodstream, underscores the importance of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in oncological research. As a critical component of liquid biopsies, CTCs offer a non-invasive and dynamic window into tumor biology, providing invaluable insights into cancer dissemination, disease progression, and response to treatment. This review article delves into the recent advancements in CTC research, highlighting their emerging role as a biomarker in various cancer types. We explore the latest technologies and methods for CTC isolation and detection, alongside novel approaches to characterizing their biology through genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenetic profiling. Additionally, we examine the clinical implementation of these findings, assessing how CTCs are transforming the landscape of cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and management. By offering a comprehensive overview of current developments and potential future directions, this review underscores the significance of CTCs in enhancing our understanding of cancer and in shaping personalized therapeutic strategies, particularly for patients with metastatic disease.
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Ouyang R, Geng C, Li J, Jiang Q, Shen H, Zhang Y, Liu X, Liu B, Wu J, Miao Y. Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials-mediated detection of circulating tumor cells. RSC Adv 2024; 14:10672-10686. [PMID: 38572345 PMCID: PMC10988362 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Photothermal materials have shown great potential for cancer detection and treatment due to their excellent photothermal effects. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that are shed from the primary tumor into the blood and metastasize. In contrast to other tumor markers that are free in the blood, CTCs are a collective term for all types of tumor cells present in the peripheral blood, a source of tumor metastasis, and clear evidence of tumor presence. CTCs detection enables early detection, diagnosis and treatment of tumors, and plays an important role in cancer prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the application of various photothermal materials in CTC detection, including gold, carbon, molybdenum, phosphorus, etc. and describes the significance of CTC detection for early tumor diagnosis and tumor prognosis. Focus is also put on how various photothermal materials play their roles in CTCs detection, including CT, imaging and photoacoustic and therapeutic roles. The physicochemical properties, shapes, and photothermal properties of various photothermal materials are discussed to improve the detection sensitivity and efficiency and to reduce the damage to normal cells. These photothermal materials are capable of converting radiant light energy into thermal energy for highly-sensitive CTCs detection and improving their photothermal properties by various methods, and have achieved good results in various experiments. The use of photothermal materials for CTCs detection is becoming more and more widespread and can be of significant help in early cancer screening and later treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhuo Ouyang
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Chongrui Geng
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Jun Li
- Hunan Shizhuyuan Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd Chenzhou Hunan 423037 China
| | - Qiliang Jiang
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Hongyu Shen
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Xueyu Liu
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Baolin Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Jingxiang Wu
- Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China
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Rahman MM, Hossain MM, Islam S, Ahmed R, Majumder M, Dey S, Kawser M, Sarkar B, Himu MER, Chowdhury AA, Ahmed S, Biswas S, Anwar MM, Hussain MJ, Kumar Shil R, Baidya S, Parial R, Islam MM, Bharde A, Jayant S, Aland G, Khandare J, Uddin SB, Noman ASM. CTC together with Shh and Nrf2 are prospective diagnostic markers for HNSCC. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:4. [PMID: 38336617 PMCID: PMC10858504 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-024-00500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of appropriate prognostic biomarkers remains a significant obstacle in the early detection of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC), a cancer type with a high mortality rate. Despite considerable advancements in treatment, the success in diagnosing HNSCC at an early stage still needs to be improved. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) are overexpressed in various cancers, including HNSCC, and have recently been proposed as possible therapeutic targets for HNSCC. Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) is a novel concept used for the early detection of cancers, and studies have suggested that a higher CTC count is associated with the aggressiveness of HNSCC and poor survival rates. Therefore, we aimed to establish molecular markers for the early diagnosis of HNSCC considering Shh/Nrf2 overexpression in the background. In addition, the relation between Shh/Nrf2 and CTCs is still unexplored in HNSCC patients. METHODS In the present study, we selected a cohort of 151 HNSCC patients and categorized them as CTC positive or negative based on the presence or absence of CTCs in their peripheral blood. Data on demographic and clinicopathological features with the survival of the patients were analyzed to select the patient cohort to study Shh/Nrf2 expression. Shh and Nrf2 expression was measured by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Considering significant demographic [smoking, betel leaf (p-value < 0.0001)] and clinicopathological risk factors [RBC count (p < 0.05), Platelet count (p < 0.05), Neutrophil count (p < 0.005), MCV (p < 0.0001), NLR (p < 0.05), MLR (p < 0.05)], patients who tested positive for CTC also exhibited significant overexpression of Shh/Nrf2 in both blood and tissue compared to CTC-negative patients. A strong association exists between CTCs and tumor grade. Following chemotherapy (a combination of Cisplatin, 5FU, and Paclitaxel), the frequency of CTCs was significantly decreased in patients with HNSCC who had tested positive for CTCs. The Kaplan-Meier plot illustrated that a higher number of CTCs is associated with poorer overall survival (OS) in patients with HNSCC. CONCLUSIONS Detecting CTCs, and higher expression of Shh and Nrf2 in HNSCC patients' blood, can be a promising tool for diagnosing and prognosticating HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mizanur Rahman
- Rangamati Medical College, Rangamati, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
- EuGEF Research Foundation, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Mosaraf Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh.
- EuGEF Research Foundation, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
| | - Shafiqul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
- EuGEF Research Foundation, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Present Address: Stem Cell Genetics, Institute of Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ridwan Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
- EuGEF Research Foundation, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Mohit Majumder
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
- EuGEF Research Foundation, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Shantu Dey
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
- EuGEF Research Foundation, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kawser
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
- EuGEF Research Foundation, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Bishu Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
- EuGEF Research Foundation, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ejajur Rahman Himu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
- EuGEF Research Foundation, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Ali Asgar Chowdhury
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Shakera Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Supran Biswas
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Mostafa Mahfuzul Anwar
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Jamal Hussain
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Rangamati Medical College, Rangamati, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Kumar Shil
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
- EuGEF Research Foundation, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Sunanda Baidya
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
- EuGEF Research Foundation, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Ramendu Parial
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
- EuGEF Research Foundation, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Moinul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
- EuGEF Research Foundation, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Atul Bharde
- Actorious Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., India and Simi Valley, Pune, CA, USA
| | - Sreeja Jayant
- Actorious Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., India and Simi Valley, Pune, CA, USA
| | - Gourishankar Aland
- Actorious Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., India and Simi Valley, Pune, CA, USA
| | - Jayant Khandare
- Actorious Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd., India and Simi Valley, Pune, CA, USA
| | | | - Abu Shadat Mohammod Noman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh.
- EuGEF Research Foundation, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
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14
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Wang Y, Fang L, Wang Y, Xiong Z. Current Trends of Raman Spectroscopy in Clinic Settings: Opportunities and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2300668. [PMID: 38072672 PMCID: PMC10870035 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Early clinical diagnosis, effective intraoperative guidance, and an accurate prognosis can lead to timely and effective medical treatment. The current conventional clinical methods have several limitations. Therefore, there is a need to develop faster and more reliable clinical detection, treatment, and monitoring methods to enhance their clinical applications. Raman spectroscopy is noninvasive and provides highly specific information about the molecular structure and biochemical composition of analytes in a rapid and accurate manner. It has a wide range of applications in biomedicine, materials, and clinical settings. This review primarily focuses on the application of Raman spectroscopy in clinical medicine. The advantages and limitations of Raman spectroscopy over traditional clinical methods are discussed. In addition, the advantages of combining Raman spectroscopy with machine learning, nanoparticles, and probes are demonstrated, thereby extending its applicability to different clinical phases. Examples of the clinical applications of Raman spectroscopy over the last 3 years are also integrated. Finally, various prospective approaches based on Raman spectroscopy in clinical studies are surveyed, and current challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Wang
- Department of NephrologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Liuru Fang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical ProcessWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical ProcessWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081China
| | - Zuzhao Xiong
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical ProcessWuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430081China
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15
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Wang X, Wang L, Lin H, Zhu Y, Huang D, Lai M, Xi X, Huang J, Zhang W, Zhong T. Research progress of CTC, ctDNA, and EVs in cancer liquid biopsy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1303335. [PMID: 38333685 PMCID: PMC10850354 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1303335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and extracellular vehicles (EVs) have received significant attention in recent times as emerging biomarkers and subjects of transformational studies. The three main branches of liquid biopsy have evolved from the three primary tumor liquid biopsy detection targets-CTC, ctDNA, and EVs-each with distinct benefits. CTCs are derived from circulating cancer cells from the original tumor or metastases and may display global features of the tumor. ctDNA has been extensively analyzed and has been used to aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of neoplastic diseases. EVs contain tumor-derived material such as DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, sugar structures, and metabolites. The three provide different detection contents but have strong complementarity to a certain extent. Even though they have already been employed in several clinical trials, the clinical utility of three biomarkers is still being studied, with promising initial findings. This review thoroughly overviews established and emerging technologies for the isolation, characterization, and content detection of CTC, ctDNA, and EVs. Also discussed were the most recent developments in the study of potential liquid biopsy biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and prognosis prediction. These included CTC, ctDNA, and EVs. Finally, the potential and challenges of employing liquid biopsy based on CTC, ctDNA, and EVs for precision medicine were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Haihong Lin
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Defa Huang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Mi Lai
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xuxiang Xi
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Junyun Huang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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16
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Wilczyński J, Paradowska E, Wilczyński M. High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer-A Risk Factor Puzzle and Screening Fugitive. Biomedicines 2024; 12:229. [PMID: 38275400 PMCID: PMC10813374 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal tumor of the female genital tract. Despite extensive studies and the identification of some precursor lesions like serous tubal intraepithelial cancer (STIC) or the deviated mutational status of the patients (BRCA germinal mutation), the pathophysiology of HGSOC and the existence of particular risk factors is still a puzzle. Moreover, a lack of screening programs results in delayed diagnosis, which is accompanied by a secondary chemo-resistance of the tumor and usually results in a high recurrence rate after the primary therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify the substantial risk factors for both predisposed and low-risk populations of women, as well as to create an economically and clinically justified screening program. This paper reviews the classic and novel risk factors for HGSOC and methods of diagnosis and prediction, including serum biomarkers, the liquid biopsy of circulating tumor cells or circulating tumor DNA, epigenetic markers, exosomes, and genomic and proteomic biomarkers. The novel future complex approach to ovarian cancer diagnosis should be devised based on these findings, and the general outcome of such an approach is proposed and discussed in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Miłosz Wilczyński
- Department of Surgical, Endoscopic and Gynecological Oncology, Polish Mother’s Health Center—Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska Str., 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Surgical and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, 4 Kosciuszki Str., 90-419 Lodz, Poland
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17
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Mansur A, Radovanovic I. The expansion of liquid biopsies to vascular care: an overview of existing principles, techniques and potential applications to vascular malformation diagnostics. Front Genet 2024; 15:1348096. [PMID: 38304336 PMCID: PMC10832994 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1348096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular malformations are congenital lesions that occur due to mutations in major cellular signalling pathways which govern angiogenesis, cell proliferation, motility, and cell death. These pathways have been widely studied in oncology and are substrates for various small molecule inhibitors. Given their common molecular biology, there is now a potential to repurpose these cancer drugs for vascular malformation care; however, a molecular diagnosis is required in order to tailour specific drugs to the individual patient's mutational profile. Liquid biopsies (LBs), emerging as a transformative tool in the field of oncology, hold significant promise in this feat. This paper explores the principles and technologies underlying LBs and evaluates their potential to revolutionize the management of vascular malformations. The review begins by delineating the fundamental principles of LBs, focusing on the detection and analysis of circulating biomarkers such as cell-free DNA, circulating tumor cells, and extracellular vesicles. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis of the technological advancements driving LB platforms is presented. Lastly, the paper highlights the current state of research in applying LBs to various vascular malformations, and uses the aforementioned principles and techniques to conceptualize a liquid biopsy framework that is unique to vascular malformation research and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Mansur
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ivan Radovanovic
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Jiang Z, He J, Zhang B, Wang L, Long C, Zhao B, Yang Y, Du L, Luo W, Hu J, Hong X. A Potential "Anti-Warburg Effect" in Circulating Tumor Cell-mediated Metastatic Progression? Aging Dis 2024:AD.2023.1227. [PMID: 38300633 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a defining hallmark of cancer metastasis, warranting thorough exploration. The tumor-promoting function of the "Warburg Effect", marked by escalated glycolysis and restrained mitochondrial activity, is widely acknowledged. Yet, the functional significance of mitochondria-mediated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during metastasis remains controversial. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are considered metastatic precursors that detach from primary or secondary sites and harbor the potential to seed distant metastases through hematogenous dissemination. A comprehensive metabolic characterization of CTCs faces formidable obstacles, including the isolation of these rare cells from billions of blood cells, coupled with the complexities of ex vivo-culturing of CTC lines or the establishment of CTC-derived xenograft models (CDX). This review summarized the role of the "Warburg Effect" in both tumorigenesis and CTC-mediated metastasis. Intriguingly, bioinformatic analysis of single-CTC transcriptomic studies unveils a potential OXPHOS dominance over Glycolysis signature genes across several important cancer types. From these observations, we postulate a potential "Anti-Warburg Effect" (AWE) in CTCs-a metabolic shift bridging primary tumors and metastases. The observed AWE could be clinically important as they are significantly correlated with therapeutic response in melanoma and prostate patients. Thus, unraveling dynamic metabolic regulations within CTC populations might reveal an additional layer of regulatory complexities of cancer metastasis, providing an avenue for innovative anti-metastasis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuofeng Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiapeng He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binyu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhao Long
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Boxi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Longxiang Du
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiren Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianyang Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Fakhoury JW, Lara JB, Manwar R, Zafar M, Xu Q, Engel R, Tsoukas MM, Daveluy S, Mehregan D, Avanaki K. Photoacoustic imaging for cutaneous melanoma assessment: a comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S11518. [PMID: 38223680 PMCID: PMC10785699 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Significance Cutaneous melanoma (CM) has a high morbidity and mortality rate, but it can be cured if the primary lesion is detected and treated at an early stage. Imaging techniques such as photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) have been studied and implemented to aid in the detection and diagnosis of CM. Aim Provide an overview of different PAI systems and applications for the study of CM, including the determination of tumor depth/thickness, cancer-related angiogenesis, metastases to lymph nodes, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), virtual histology, and studies using exogenous contrast agents. Approach A systematic review and classification of different PAI configurations was conducted based on their specific applications for melanoma detection. This review encompasses animal and preclinical studies, offering insights into the future potential of PAI in melanoma diagnosis in the clinic. Results PAI holds great clinical potential as a noninvasive technique for melanoma detection and disease management. PA microscopy has predominantly been used to image and study angiogenesis surrounding tumors and provide information on tumor characteristics. Additionally, PA tomography, with its increased penetration depth, has demonstrated its ability to assess melanoma thickness. Both modalities have shown promise in detecting metastases to lymph nodes and CTCs, and an all-optical implementation has been developed to perform virtual histology analyses. Animal and human studies have successfully shown the capability of PAI to detect, visualize, classify, and stage CM. Conclusions PAI is a promising technique for assessing the status of the skin without a surgical procedure. The capability of the modality to image microvasculature, visualize tumor boundaries, detect metastases in lymph nodes, perform fast and label-free histology, and identify CTCs could aid in the early diagnosis and classification of CM, including determination of metastatic status. In addition, it could be useful for monitoring treatment efficacy noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Fakhoury
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Juliana Benavides Lara
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Wayne State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Ricardo Engel
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Maria M. Tsoukas
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Steven Daveluy
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Darius Mehregan
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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20
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Huang CH, Pai PC, Lei KF. Investigation of Stem Cell-Like Characteristics and Immune Cell Interaction of Tumor Cells Survived from Continuous Shear Flow Environment. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300332. [PMID: 37752715 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
When tumor cells are released from a primary tumor into the bloodstream or lymphatic circulation system, they are exposed to a continuous shear flow environment. This environment exerts physical stresses on the tumor cells, which can activate apoptotic pathways. However, certain tumor cells have the ability to adapt to these mechanical stresses, enhancing their likelihood of survival and promoting metastasis. In this study, these tumor cells survived from shear flow environment are examined and revealed to closely link to stem cell-like characteristics. Higher gene expression levels of self-renewal and differentiation markers and enhanced abilities of migration, spheroid formation, and colony formation are shown. Moreover, the interaction between immune cells and the surviving cells is investigated. The results show that the surviving cells possess immune escape capabilities, implying their ability to evade immune surveillance. Additionally, these surviving cells display characteristics reminiscent of stem cells. This study holds great importance in advancing the understanding of tumor biology. By comprehending the behavior and properties of these surviving cells, new therapeutic strategies can be developed to specifically target circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and enhance cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ching Pai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Kin Fong Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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21
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Tong L, Wan Y. A Hybrid Intelligence Approach for Circulating Tumor Cell Enumeration in Digital Pathology by Using CNN and Weak Annotations. IEEE ACCESS : PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS, OPEN SOLUTIONS 2023; 11:142992-143003. [PMID: 38957613 PMCID: PMC11218908 DOI: 10.1109/access.2023.3343701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Counting the number of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) for cancer screenings is currently done by cytopathologists with a heavy time and energy cost. AI, especially deep learning, has shown great potential in medical imaging domains. The aim of this paper is to develop a novel hybrid intelligence approach to automatically enumerate CTCs by combining cytopathologist expertise with the efficiency of deep learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This hybrid intelligence approach includes three major components: CNN based CTC detection/localization using weak annotations, CNN based CTC segmentation, and a classifier to ultimately determine CTCs. A support vector machine (SVM) was investigated for classification efficiency. The B-scale transform was also introduced to find the maximum sphericality of a given region. The SVM classifier was implemented to use a three-element vector as its input, including the B-scale (size), texture, and area values from the detection and segmentation results. We collected 466 fluoroscopic images for CTC detection/localization, 473 images for CTC segmentation and another 198 images with 323 CTCs as an independent data set for CTC enumeration. Precision and recall for CTC detection are 0.98 and 0.92, which is comparable with the state-of-the-art results that needed much larger and stricter training data sets. The counting error on an independent testing set was 2-3% and 9% (with/without B-scale) and performs much better than previous thresholding approaches with 30% of counting error rates. Recent publications prove facilitation of other types of research in object localization and segmentation are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leihui Tong
- Conestoga High School, Berwyn, PA 19087, USA
| | - Yuan Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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22
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Chauhan US, Kohale MG, Jaiswal N, Wankhade R. Emerging Applications of Liquid Biopsies in Ovarian Cancer. Cureus 2023; 15:e49880. [PMID: 38174205 PMCID: PMC10762500 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a new diagnostic tool in precision oncology that can be used as a complementary or alternative method to surgical biopsies. It is a cutting-edge sampling technique that examines distinct cancer components, such as exosomes and circulating tumor cells discharged into the peripheral circulation, to identify tumor biomarkers through various methods, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Liquid biopsy has several benefits, including its non-invasiveness and practicality, which permit serial sampling and long-term monitoring of dynamic tumor changes. Ovarian cancer (OC), the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the world, is typically diagnosed at stages II and III, which makes recovery and treatment extremely difficult. Relapsed OC and chemotherapy resistance of ovarian tumor cells are other clinical challenges. Although liquid biopsy is not a routinely used diagnostic test, it should be utilized in the diagnosis and prognosis of OC for early detection and treatment. It is less intrusive than conventional tissue biopsies, allowing for the continuous collection of serial blood samples to track cancer development in real time. Before therapeutic application, more investigation is required to pinpoint the particular release processes, the source tissue, and the biological significance of the bulk of liquid biopsy contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi S Chauhan
- Pathology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Mangesh G Kohale
- Pathology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Neha Jaiswal
- Pathology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
| | - Rashmi Wankhade
- Pathology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Wardha, IND
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23
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Albaradei S, Alganmi N, Albaradie A, Alharbi E, Motwalli O, Thafar MA, Gojobori T, Essack M, Gao X. A deep learning model predicts the presence of diverse cancer types using circulating tumor cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21114. [PMID: 38036622 PMCID: PMC10689793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that detach from the primary tumor and intravasate into the bloodstream. Thus, non-invasive liquid biopsies are being used to analyze CTC-expressed genes to identify potential cancer biomarkers. In this regard, several studies have used gene expression changes in blood to predict the presence of CTC and, consequently, cancer. However, the CTC mRNA data has not been used to develop a generic approach that indicates the presence of multiple cancer types. In this study, we developed such a generic approach. Briefly, we designed two computational workflows, one using the raw mRNA data and deep learning (DL) and the other exploiting five hub gene ranking algorithms (Degree, Maximum Neighborhood Component, Betweenness Centrality, Closeness Centrality, and Stress Centrality) with machine learning (ML). Both workflows aim to determine the top genes that best distinguish cancer types based on the CTC mRNA data. We demonstrate that our automated, robust DL framework (DNNraw) more accurately indicates the presence of multiple cancer types using the CTC gene expression data than multiple ML approaches. The DL approach achieved average precision of 0.9652, recall of 0.9640, f1-score of 0.9638 and overall accuracy of 0.9640. Furthermore, since we designed multiple approaches, we also provide a bioinformatics analysis of the gene commonly identified as top-ranked by the different methods. To our knowledge, this is the first study wherein a generic approach has been developed to predict the presence of multiple cancer types using raw CTC mRNA data, as opposed to other models that require a feature selection step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayah Albaradei
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nofe Alganmi
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Eaman Alharbi
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olaa Motwalli
- College of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University (SEU), Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Thafar
- College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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24
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Bonfil RD, Al-Eyd G. Evolving insights in blood-based liquid biopsies for prostate cancer interrogation. Oncoscience 2023; 10:69-80. [PMID: 38033786 PMCID: PMC10688444 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, blood sampling of cancer patients aimed at analyzing the presence of cells, membrane-bound vesicles, or molecules released by primary tumors or metastatic growths emerged as an alternative to traditional tissue biopsies. The advent of this minimally invasive approach, known as blood-based liquid biopsy, began to play a pivotal role in the management of diverse cancers, establishing itself as a vital component of precision medicine. Here, we discuss three blood-based liquid biopsies, namely circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and tumor-derived exosomes, as they relate to prostate cancer (PCa) management. The advances achieved in the molecular characterization of these types of liquid biopsies and their potential to predict recurrence, improve responses to certain treatments, and evaluate prognosis, in PCa patients, are highlighted herein. While there is currently full clinical validation for only one CTC-based and one ctDNA-based liquid biopsy for patients with metastatic castration-resistant PCa, the adoption of additional methods is anticipated as they undergo standardization and achieve analytical and clinical validation. Advantages and disadvantages of different blood-based liquid biopsy approaches in the context of PCa are outlined herein, while also considering potential synergies through combinatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Daniel Bonfil
- Department of Medical Education, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Ghaith Al-Eyd
- Department of Medical Education, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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25
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Islam MS, Gopalan V, Lam AK, Shiddiky MJA. Current advances in detecting genetic and epigenetic biomarkers of colorectal cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 239:115611. [PMID: 37619478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer in terms of diagnosis and the second in terms of mortality. Recent studies have shown that various proteins, extracellular vesicles (i.e., exosomes), specific genetic variants, gene transcripts, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and altered epigenetic patterns, can be used to detect, and assess the prognosis of CRC. Over the last decade, a plethora of conventional methodologies (e.g., polymerase chain reaction [PCR], direct sequencing, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], microarray, in situ hybridization) as well as advanced analytical methodologies (e.g., microfluidics, electrochemical biosensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [SERS]) have been developed for analyzing genetic and epigenetic biomarkers using both optical and non-optical tools. Despite these methodologies, no gold standard detection method has yet been implemented that can analyze CRC with high specificity and sensitivity in an inexpensive, simple, and time-efficient manner. Moreover, until now, no study has critically reviewed the advantages and limitations of these methodologies. Here, an overview of the most used genetic and epigenetic biomarkers for CRC and their detection methods are discussed. Furthermore, a summary of the major biological, technical, and clinical challenges and advantages/limitations of existing techniques is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sajedul Islam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Alfred K Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia; Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, 2800, Australia.
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26
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Liao C, Li M, Chen X, Tang C, Quan J, Bode AM, Cao Y, Luo X. Anoikis resistance and immune escape mediated by Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 1-induced stabilization of PGC-1α promotes invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:261. [PMID: 37803433 PMCID: PMC10559433 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first discovered human tumor virus that is associated with a variety of malignancies of both lymphoid and epithelial origin including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) has been well-defined as a potent oncogenic protein, which is intimately correlated with NPC pathogenesis. Anoikis is considered to be a physiological barrier to metastasis, and avoiding anoikis is a major hallmark of metastasis. However, the role of LMP1 in anoikis-resistance and metastasis of NPC has not been fully identified. METHODS Trypan blue staining, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and TUNEL staining, as well as the detection of apoptosis and anoikis resistance-related markers was applied to evaluate the anoikis-resistant capability of NPC cells cultured in ultra-low adhesion condition. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiment was performed to determine the interaction among LMP1, PRMT1 and PGC-1α. Ex vivo ubiquitination assay was used to detect the ubiquitination level of PGC-1α. Anoikis- resistant LMP1-positive NPC cell lines were established and applied for the xenograft and metastatic animal experiments. RESULTS Our current findings reveal the role of LMP1-stabilized peroxisome proliferator activated receptor coactivator-1a (PGC-1α) in anoikis resistance and immune escape to support the invasion and metastasis of NPC. Mechanistically, LMP1 enhances PGC-1α protein stability by promoting the interaction between arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) and PGC-1α to elevate the methylation modification of PGC-1α, thus endowing NPC cells with anoikis-resistance. Meanwhile, PGC-1α mediates the immune escape induced by LMP1 by coactivating with STAT3 to transcriptionally up-regulate PD-L1 expression. CONCLUSION Our work provides insights into how virus-encoded proteins recruit and interact with host regulatory elements to facilitate the malignant progression of NPC. Therefore, targeting PGC-1α or PRMT1-PGC-1α interaction might be exploited for therapeutic gain for EBV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoliang Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China
- Department of Medical Science Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545007, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, PR China
| | - Xue Chen
- Early Clinical Trial Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
| | - Chenpeng Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China
| | - Jing Quan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China.
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, PR China.
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27
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Zhang Q, Kong D, Yang Z, Li G, Cheng S, Feng L, Zhang K, Zhang W. Prognostic value of stem-like circulating tumor cells in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1933-1944. [PMID: 36735207 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing interest in the study of circulating tumor cells (CTC) subsets, especially epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem cells subsets of CTC that play a key role in tumor recurrence and metastasis, there is no evidence from meta-analyses that shows the correlation between stem-like CTCs and prognosis in cancer patients. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to assess its prognostic value. Sixteen articles were screened by searching the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) and Wanfang databases. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) extracted from each article were summarized. Patients with positive stem-like CTCs in peripheral blood had significantly shorter overall survival (OS, HR: 2.58, 95% CI 1.76-3.79, P < 0.00001), progression-free survival (PFS, HR: 2.21, 95% CI 1.26-3.89, P = 0.006) and disease-free survival (DFS, HR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.12-5.70, P = 0.03). This study provides the first meta-analysis evidence for the prognostic value of stem-like CTCs, demonstrating that these cells are associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients.Systematic review registrationCRD42022322062.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Defeng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhenrong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shujun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Kaitai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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28
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Hanin L. The circulation stage of the metastatic cascade: A mathematical description and its clinical implications. J Theor Biol 2023; 572:111582. [PMID: 37481233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cascade is a multi-stage process that starts with separation of a cancer cell from the primary tumor and ends with the emergence of a detectable metastasis. In the process the initiator cancer cell enters the circulatory system (intravasates), flows with the blood, and exits the circulation (extravasates) into an organ or tissue. The time period between intravasation and extravasation constitutes the circulation stage of the metastatic cascade. This stage is unique in that it lends itself naturally to various non-invasive observations and measurements in an individual cancer patient. This creates an opportunity for gaining insight into metastasis, its mathematical modeling, and designing diagnostic/prognostic tools and new cancer therapies. Although mechanisms of intravasation, survival and extravasation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are very complex and largely unknown, mathematical modeling of the circulation stage of the metastatic cascade is facilitated by two inter-related factors: a relative simplicity of the circulatory network and the cyclic nature of blood flow. The article presents a single-subject stochastic model of CTC dynamics that leads to simple formulas, applicable to any homogeneous CTC population, for organ-specific extravasation probabilities, the distribution and expected value of the number, X, of circulation cycles completed by a CTC prior to extravasation, and the average circulation time. In particular, we found that the distribution of random variable X is geometric G(x), where parameter x is measurable, at least in principle, in an individual subject. We also discuss implications of our results for cancer research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Hanin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Idaho State University, 921 S. 8th Avenue, Stop 8085, Pocatello, ID 83209-8085, USA.
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29
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Wang W, Zheng Z, Lei J. CTC, ctDNA, and Exosome in Thyroid Cancers: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13767. [PMID: 37762070 PMCID: PMC10530859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer has become more common in recent years all around the world. Many issues still need to be urgently addressed in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of thyroid cancer. Liquid biopsy (mainly circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and circulating exosomes) may provide a novel and ideal approach to solve these issues, allows us to assess the features of diseases more comprehensively, and has a function in a variety of malignancies. Recently, liquid biopsy has been shown to be critical in thyroid cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in numerous previous studies. In this review, by testing CTCs, ctDNA, and exosomes, we focus on the possible clinical role of liquid biopsy in thyroid cancer, including diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and response to therapy. We briefly review how liquid biopsy components have progressed in thyroid cancer by consulting the existing public information. We also discuss the clinical potential of liquid biopsy in thyroid cancer and provide a reference for liquid biopsy research. Liquid biopsy has the potential to be a useful tool in the early detection, monitoring, or prediction of response to therapies and prognosis in thyroid cancer, with promising clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiyao Zheng
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jianyong Lei
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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30
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Zhou JS, Liu ZN, Chen YY, Liu YX, Shen H, Hou LJ, Ding Y. New advances in circulating tumor cell‑mediated metastasis of breast cancer (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2023; 19:71. [PMID: 37614367 PMCID: PMC10442766 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent form of cancer affecting women, with metastasis serving as a leading cause of mortality among patients with breast cancer. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the metastatic mechanism in breast cancer is essential for early detection and precision treatment of the disease. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a vital role in this context, representing cancer cells that detach from tumor tissues and enter the bloodstream of cancer patients. These cells travel in the blood circulation as single cells or clusters. Recent research has shed light on the enhanced metastatic potential of CTC clusters compared to single CTCs, despite their limited occurrence. The aim of the present review was to explore recent findings on CTCs with a particular focus on the clustering phenomenon of CTCs observed in breast cancer. Additionally, the present review delved into the comparison between single CTCs and CTC clusters regarding their implications for the treatment and prognosis of patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. By examining the role and mechanisms of CTCs in breast cancer metastasis, the present review provided an improved understanding of CTCs and their significance in early detection of breast cancer metastasis through peripheral blood analysis. Moreover, it contributed to the comprehension of cancer prognosis and prediction by highlighting the implications of CTCs in these aspects. Ultimately, the present study seeks to advance knowledge in the field and pave the way for improved approaches to breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Shan Zhou
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Ning Liu
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xi Liu
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Li-Jun Hou
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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Yeh PY, Chen JY, Shen MY, Che TF, Lim SC, Wang J, Tsai WS, Frank CW, Huang CJ, Chang YC. Liposome-tethered supported lipid bilayer platform for capture and release of heterogeneous populations of circulating tumor cells. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8159-8169. [PMID: 37313622 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00547j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of scarcity, vulnerability, and heterogeneity in the population of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), the CTC isolation system relying on immunoaffinity interaction exhibits inconsistent efficiencies for all types of cancers and even CTCs with different phenotypes in individuals. Moreover, releasing viable CTCs from an isolation system is of importance for molecular analysis and drug screening in precision medicine, which remains a challenge for current systems. In this work, a new CTC isolation microfluidic platform was developed and contains a coating of the antibody-conjugated liposome-tethered-supported lipid bilayer in a developed chaotic-mixing microfluidic system, referred to as the "LIPO-SLB" platform. The biocompatible, soft, laterally fluidic, and antifouling properties of the LIPO-SLB platform offer high CTC capture efficiency, viability, and selectivity. We successfully demonstrated the capability of the LIPO-SLB platform to recapitulate different cancer cell lines with different antigen expression levels. In addition, the captured CTCs in the LIPO-SLB platform can be detached by air foam to destabilize the physically assembled bilayer structures due to a large water/air interfacial area and strong surface tension. More importantly, the LIPO-SLB platform was constructed and used for the verification of clinical samples from 161 patients with different primary cancer types. The mean values of both single CTCs and CTC clusters correlated well with the cancer stages. Moreover, a considerable number of CTCs were isolated from patients' blood samples in the early/localized stages. The clinical validation demonstrated the enormous potential of the universal LIPO-SLB platform as a tool for prognostic and predictive purposes in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ying Yeh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jia-Yang Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mo-Yuan Shen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ting-Fang Che
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Syer Choon Lim
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Jocelyn Wang
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wen-Sy Tsai
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Curtis W Frank
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, and NCU-Covestro Research Center, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Rd., Chung-Li City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec 2, Academic Rd., Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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32
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Ebrahimi S, Alishiri M, Pishbin E, Afjoul H, Shamloo A. A curved expansion-contraction microfluidic structure for inertial based separation of circulating tumor cells from blood samples. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464200. [PMID: 37429078 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The rare presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the bloodstream has made their recording and separation one of the major challenges in the recent decade. Inertia-based microfluidic systems have received more attention in CTCs separation due to their feasibility and low cost. In this research, an inertial microfluidic system is proposed using a curved expansion-contraction array (CEA) microchannel to separate CTCs from white blood cells (WBCs). First, the optimal flow rate of the proposed microfluidic device was determined to maximize the separation efficiency of the target cells (CTCs) from the non-target ones (WBCs). Then, the efficiency and purity of the straight and curved-CEA microchannels were assessed. The experimental results indiated that the proposed system (curved-CEA microchannel) can offer the highest efficiency (-80.31%) and purity (-91.32%) at the flow rate of -7.5 ml/min, exhibiting ∼11.48% increment in the efficiency compared to its straight peer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Ebrahimi
- Nano-Bioengineering Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11365-11155, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Mojgan Alishiri
- Nano-Bioengineering Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11365-11155, Iran
| | - Esmail Pishbin
- Nano-Bioengineering Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11365-11155, Iran; Bio-microfluidics lab, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Afjoul
- Nano-Bioengineering Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11365-11155, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Nano-Bioengineering Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11365-11155, Iran; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9161, Iran.
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Shin J, Kim B, Lager TW, Mejia F, Guldner I, Conner C, Zhang S, Panopoulos AD, Bilgicer B. A nanotherapeutic approach to selectively eliminate metastatic breast cancer cells by targeting cell surface GRP78. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13322-13334. [PMID: 37526009 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00800b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Here, rational engineering of doxorubicin prodrug loaded peptide-targeted liposomal nanoparticles to selectively target metastatic breast cancer cells in vivo is described. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a heat shock protein typically localized in the endoplasmic reticulum in healthy cells, has been identified to home to the cell surface in certain cancers, and thus has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. Recent reports indicated GRP78 to be expressed on the cell surface of an aggressive subpopulation of stem-like breast cancer cells that exhibit metastatic potential. In this study, a targeted nanoparticle formulation with a GRP78-binding peptide (Kd of 7.4 ± 1.0 μM) was optimized to selectively target this subpopulation. In vitro studies with breast cancer cell lines showed the targeted nanoparticle formulation (TNPGRP78pep) achieved enhanced cellular uptake, while maintaining selectivity over the control groups. In vivo, TNPGRP78pep loaded with doxorubicin prodrug was evaluated using a lung metastatic mouse model and demonstrated inhibition of breast cancer cell seeding to lungs down at the level of negative control groups. Combined, this study established that specific-targeting of surface GRP78 expressing a subpopulation of aggressive breast cancer cells was able to inhibit breast cancer metastasis to lungs, and underpinned the significance of GRP78 in breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 465567, USA.
| | - Baksun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 465567, USA.
| | - Tyson W Lager
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Franklin Mejia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 465567, USA.
| | - Ian Guldner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Clay Conner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Athanasia D Panopoulos
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Basar Bilgicer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 465567, USA.
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Tong H, Li K, Zhou M, Wu R, Yang H, Peng Z, Zhao Q, Luo KQ. Coculture of cancer cells with platelets increases their survival and metastasis by activating the TGFβ/Smad/PAI-1 and PI3K/AKT pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4259-4277. [PMID: 37705745 PMCID: PMC10496510 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.85986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
When cancer cells enter the bloodstream, they can interact with platelets to acquire stronger survival and metastatic abilities. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we cocultured metastatic melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer cells with species-homologous platelets. We found that cocultured cancer cells displayed higher viabilities in circulation, stronger capacities for cell migration, invasion, and colony formation in vitro, and more tumorigenesis and metastasis in mice. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the level of serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1) was significantly upregulated in cocultured cancer cells. Knockdown of SERPINE1 reversed the coculture-elevated survival and metastatic phenotypes of cancer cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that coculture with platelets activated the TGFβ/Smad pathway to induce SERPINE1 expression in cancer cells, which encodes plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). PAI-1 then activated PI3K to increase the phosphorylation of AKTThr308 and Bad to elevate Bcl-2, which enhanced cell survival in circulation. Moreover, higher levels of PAI-1 were detected in metastatic tumors from melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer patients than in normal tissues, and high levels of PAI-1 were associated with a shorter overall survival time and worse disease progression in breast cancer. PAI-1 may act as a potential biomarker for detecting and treating metastatic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Tong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Koukou Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Muya Zhou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Renfei Wu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau
| | - Kathy Qian Luo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau
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Zheng C, Xu X, Wu M, Xue L, Zhu J, Xia H, Ding S, Fu S, Wang X, Wang Y, He G, Liu X, Deng X. Neutrophils in triple-negative breast cancer: an underestimated player with increasingly recognized importance. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:88. [PMID: 37496019 PMCID: PMC10373263 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer, with limited therapeutic options readily available. Immunotherapy such as immune checkpoint inhibition has been investigated in TNBC but still encounters low overall response. Neutrophils, the most abundant leukocytes in the body, are increasingly recognized as an active cancer-modulating entity. In the bloodstream, neutrophils escort circulating tumor cells to promote their survival and stimulate their proliferation and metastasis. In the tumor microenvironment, neutrophils modulate the immune milieu through polarization between the anti-tumor and the pro-tumor phenotypes. Through a comprehensive review of recently published literature, it is evident that neutrophils are an important player in TNBC immunobiology and can be used as an important prognostic marker of TNBC. Particularly, in their pro-tumor form, neutrophils facilitate TNBC metastasis through formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and the pre-metastatic niche. These findings will help advance the potential utilization of neutrophils as a therapeutic target in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Muyao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Hongzhuo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siyu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shujun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangchun He
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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36
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Jin T, Liang PP, Chen ZH, He FJ, Li ZD, Chen ZW, Hu JK, Yang K. Association between circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood and the prognosis of gastric cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231183678. [PMID: 37435560 PMCID: PMC10331349 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231183678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research on the correlation between circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and gastric cancer (GC) has increased rapidly in recent years. However, whether CTCs are associated with GC patient prognosis is highly controversial. Objective This study aims to evaluate the value of CTCs to predict the prognosis of GC patients. Design A meta-analysis. Data Sources and Methods We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for studies that reported the prognostic value of CTCs in GC patients before October 2022. The association between CTCs and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS)/recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of GC patients was assessed. Subgroup analyses were stratified by sampling times (pre-treatment and post-treatment), detection targets, detection method, treatment method, tumor stage, region, and HR (Hazard Ratio) extraction methods. Sensitivity analysis was performed by removing individual studies to assess the stability of the results. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots, Egger's test, and Begg's test. Results We initially screened 2000 studies, of which 28 were available for further analysis, involving 2383 GC patients. The pooled analysis concluded that the detection of CTCs was associated with poor OS (HR = 1.933, 95% CI 1.657-2.256, p < 0.001), DFS/RFS (HR = 3.228, 95% CI 2.475-4.211, p < 0.001), and PFS (HR = 3.272, 95% CI 1.970-5.435, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the subgroup analysis stratified by tumor stage (p < 0.01), HR extraction methods (p < 0.001), detection targets (p < 0.001), detection method (p < 0.001), sampling times (p < 0.001), and treatment method (p < 0.001) all showed that CTC detection was associated with poor OS and DFS/RFS for GC patients. Furthermore, the study showed that CTCs were associated with the poor DFS/RFS of GC when CTCs were detected for patients from Asian or No-Asian regions (p < 0.05). In addition, higher CTCs predicted poorer OS for GC patients who are from Asian regions (p < 0.001), but without statistical difference for GC patients from No-Asian regions (p = 0.490). Conclusion CTC detection in peripheral blood was associated with poor OS, DFS/RFS, and PFS in patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jin
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan-Ping Liang
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ze-Hua Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng-Jun He
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ze-Dong Li
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng-Wen Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian-Kun Hu
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Lessi F, Morelli M, Franceschi S, Aretini P, Menicagli M, Marranci A, Pasqualetti F, Gambacciani C, Pieri F, Grimod G, Zucchi V, Cupini S, Di Stefano AL, Santonocito OS, Mazzanti CM. Innovative Approach to Isolate and Characterize Glioblastoma Circulating Tumor Cells and Correlation with Tumor Mutational Status. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10147. [PMID: 37373295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are one of the most important causes of tumor recurrence and distant metastases. Glioblastoma (GBM) has been considered restricted to the brain for many years. Nevertheless, in the past years, several pieces of evidence indicate that hematogenous dissemination is a reality, and this is also in the caseof GBM. Our aim was to optimize CTCs' detection in GBM and define the genetic background of single CTCs compared to the primary GBM tumor and its recurrence to demonstrate that CTCs are indeed derived from the parental tumor. We collected blood samples from a recurrent IDH wt GBM patient. We genotyped the parental recurrent tumor tissue and the respective primary GBM tissue. CTCs were analyzed using the DEPArray system. CTCs Copy Number Alterations (CNAs) and sequencing analyses were performed to compare CTCs' genetic background with the same patient's primary and recurrent GBM tissues. We identified 210 common mutations in the primary and recurrent tumors. Among these, three somatic high-frequency mutations (in PRKCB, TBX1, and COG5 genes) were selected to investigate their presence in CTCs. Almost all sorted CTCs (9/13) had at least one of the mutations tested. The presence of TERT promoter mutations was also investigated and C228T variation was found in parental tumors and CTCs (C228T heterozygous and homozygous, respectively). We were able to isolate and genotype CTCs from a patient with GBM. We found common mutations but also exclusive molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Lessi
- Section of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mariangela Morelli
- Section of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschi
- Section of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Aretini
- Section of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Menicagli
- Section of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Marranci
- Section of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Pasqualetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Gambacciani
- Division of Neurosurgery, Spedali Riuniti di Livorno-USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, 57124 Livorno, Italy
| | - Francesco Pieri
- Division of Neurosurgery, Spedali Riuniti di Livorno-USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, 57124 Livorno, Italy
| | - Gianluca Grimod
- Division of Neurosurgery, Spedali Riuniti di Livorno-USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, 57124 Livorno, Italy
| | - Vanna Zucchi
- Division of Pathology, Spedali Riuniti di Livorno-USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, 57124 Livorno, Italy
| | - Samanta Cupini
- Division of Oncology, Spedali Riuniti di Livorno-USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, 57124 Livorno, Italy
| | - Anna Luisa Di Stefano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Spedali Riuniti di Livorno-USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, 57124 Livorno, Italy
- Neurology Department, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Orazio Santo Santonocito
- Division of Neurosurgery, Spedali Riuniti di Livorno-USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, 57124 Livorno, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Mazzanti
- Section of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, 56017 Pisa, Italy
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Chen H, Osman SY, Moose DL, Vanneste M, Anderson JL, Henry MD, Anand RK. Quantification of capture efficiency, purity, and single-cell isolation in the recovery of circulating melanoma cells from peripheral blood by dielectrophoresis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2586-2600. [PMID: 37185977 PMCID: PMC10228177 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a dielectrophoretic method for selection of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs), which lack reliable identifying surface antigens and are extremely rare in blood. This platform captures CMCs individually by dielectrophoresis (DEP) at an array of wireless bipolar electrodes (BPEs) aligned to overlying nanoliter-scale chambers, which isolate each cell for subsequent on-chip single-cell analysis. To determine the best conditions to employ for CMC isolation in this DEP-BPE platform, the static and dynamic dielectrophoretic response of established melanoma cell lines, melanoma cells from patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were evaluated as a function of frequency using two established DEP platforms. Further, PBMCs derived from patients with advanced melanoma were compared with those from healthy controls. The results of this evaluation reveal that each DEP method requires a distinct frequency to achieve capture of melanoma cells and that the distribution of dielectric properties of PBMCs is more broadly varied in and among patients versus healthy controls. Based on this evaluation, we conclude that 50 kHz provides the highest capture efficiency on our DEP-BPE platform while maintaining a low rate of capture of unwanted PBMCs. We further quantified the efficiency of single-cell capture on the DEP-BPE platform and found that the efficiency diminished beyond around 25% chamber occupancy, thereby informing the minimum array size that is required. Importantly, the capture efficiency of the DEP-BPE platform for melanoma cells when using optimized conditions matched the performance predicted by our analysis. Finally, isolation of melanoma cells from contrived (spike-in) and clinical samples on our platform using optimized conditions was demonstrated. The capture and individual isolation of CMCs, confirmed by post-capture labeling, from patient-derived samples suggests the potential of this platform for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Sommer Y Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Devon L Moose
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marion Vanneste
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Michael D Henry
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Pathology, Urology and Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robbyn K Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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Holtorf SM, Boyle J, Morris R. Evidence for EpCAM and Cytokeratin Expressing Epithelial Cells in Normal Human and Murine Blood and Bone Marrow. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/65118. [PMID: 37154563 PMCID: PMC10653199 DOI: 10.3791/65118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells have been identified in the blood and bone marrow of patients with cancer and other diseases. However, the presence of normal epithelial cells in the blood and bone marrow of healthy individuals has yet to be identified in a consistent way. Presented here is a reproducible method for isolating epithelial cells from healthy human and murine blood and bone marrow (BM) using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. Epithelial cells in healthy individuals were first identified and isolated via flow cytometry using epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). These EpCAM+ cells were confirmed to express keratin using immunofluorescence microscopy in Krt1-14;mTmG transgenic mice. Human blood samples had 0.18% ± 0.0004 EpCAM+ cells (SEM; n=7 biological replicates, 4 experimental replicates). In human BM, 3.53% ± 0.006 (SEM; n=3 biological replicates, 4 experimental replicates) of mononuclear cells were EpCAM+. In mouse blood, EpCAM+ cells constituted 0.45% ± 0.0006 (SEM; n=2 biological replicates, 4 experimental replicates), and in mouse BM, 5.17% ± 0.001 (SEM; n=3 biological replicates, 4 experimental replicates) were EpCAM+. In mice, all the EpCAM+ cells were immunoreactive to pan-cytokeratin, as determined by IF microscopy. Results were confirmed using Krt1-14;mTmG transgenic mice, with low (8.6 native GFP+ cells per 106 cells analyzed; 0.085% of viable cells), but significant numbers (p < 0.0005) of GFP+ cells present in normal murine BM, that were not the result of randomness compared with multiple negative controls. Further, EpCAM+ cells in mouse blood were more heterogeneous than CD45+ cells (0.58% in BM; 0.13% in blood). These observations conclude that cells expressing cytokeratin proteins are reproducibly detectable among mononuclear cells from human and murine blood and BM. We demonstrate a method of tissue harvesting, flow cytometry, and immunostaining that can be used to identify and determine the function of these pan-cytokeratin epithelial cells in healthy individuals.
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Geng W, Liu Y, Yu N, Qiao X, Ji M, Niu Y, Niu L, Fu W, Zhang H, Bi K, Chou X. An ultra-compact acoustofluidic device based on the narrow-path travelling surface acoustic wave (np-TSAW) for label-free isolation of living circulating tumor cells. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1255:341138. [PMID: 37032055 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining highly purified intact living cells from complex environments has been a challenge, such as the isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood. In this work, we demonstrated an acoustic-based ultra-compact device for cell sorting, with a chip size of less than 2 × 1.5 cm2. This single actuator device allows non-invasive and label-free isolation of living cells, offering greater flexibility and applicability. The device performance was optimized with different-sized polystyrene (PS) particles and blood cells spiked with cancer cells. Using the narrow-path travelling surface acoustic wave (np-TSAW), precise isolation of 10 μm particles from a complex mixture of particles (5, 10, 20 μm) and separation of 8 μm and 10 μm particles was achieved. The purified collection of 10 μm particles with high separation efficiency (98.75%) and high purity (98.1%) was achieved by optimizing the input voltage. Further, we investigated the isolation and purification of CTCs (MCF-7, human breast cancer cells) from blood cells with isolation efficiency exceeding 98% and purity reaching 93%. Viabilities of the CTCs harvested from target-outlet were all higher than 97% after culturing for 24, 48, and 72 h, showing good proliferation ability. This novel ultra-miniaturized microfluidic chip demonstrates the ability to sorting cells with high-purity and label-free, providing an attractive miniaturized system alternative to traditional sorting methods.
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Recent progress in aptamer-based microfluidics for the detection of circulating tumor cells and extracellular vesicles. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:340-354. [PMID: 37181295 PMCID: PMC10173182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a technology that exhibits potential to detect cancer early, monitor therapies, and predict cancer prognosis due to its unique characteristics, including noninvasive sampling and real-time analysis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are two important components of circulating targets, carrying substantial disease-related molecular information and playing a key role in liquid biopsy. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides with superior affinity and specificity, and they can bind to targets by folding into unique tertiary structures. Aptamer-based microfluidic platforms offer new ways to enhance the purity and capture efficiency of CTCs and EVs by combining the advantages of microfluidic chips as isolation platforms and aptamers as recognition tools. In this review, we first briefly introduce some new strategies for aptamer discovery based on traditional and aptamer-based microfluidic approaches. Then, we subsequently summarize the progress of aptamer-based microfluidics for CTC and EV detection. Finally, we offer an outlook on the future directional challenges of aptamer-based microfluidics for circulating targets in clinical applications.
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Watanabe F, Suzuki K, Noda H, Rikiyama T. Liquid biopsy leads to a paradigm shift in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6478-6496. [PMID: 36569270 PMCID: PMC9782840 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i46.6478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most cancers. Its 5-year survival rate is very low. The recent induction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and improvements in chemotherapy for patients with pancreatic cancer have resulted in improved survival outcomes. However, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer is still poor. To dramatically improve the prognosis, we need to develop more tools for early diagnosis, treatment selection, disease monitoring, and response rate evaluation. Recently, liquid biopsy (circulating free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, exosomes, and microRNAs) has caught the attention of many researchers as a new biomarker that is minimally invasive, confers low-risk, and displays an overall state of the tumor. Thus, liquid biopsy does not employ the traditional difficulties of obtaining tumor samples from patients with advanced PDAC to investigate their molecular biological status. In addition, it allows for long-term monitoring of the molecular profile of tumor progression. These could help in identifying tumor-specific alterations that use the target structure for tailor-made therapy. Through this review, we highlighted the latest discoveries and advances in liquid biopsy technology in pancreatic cancer research and showed how it can be applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Koichi Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Noda
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Toshiki Rikiyama
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
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Liu Y, Liang S, Wang B, Zhao J, Zi X, Yan S, Dou T, Jia J, Wang K, Ge C. Advances in Single-Cell Sequencing Technology and Its Application in Poultry Science. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122211. [PMID: 36553479 PMCID: PMC9778011 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell sequencing (SCS) uses a single cell as the research material and involves three dimensions: genes, phenotypes and cell biological mechanisms. This type of research can locate target cells, analyze the dynamic changes in the target cells and the relationships between the cells, and pinpoint the molecular mechanism of cell formation. Currently, a common problem faced by animal husbandry scientists is how to apply existing science and technology to promote the production of high-quality livestock and poultry products and to breed livestock for disease resistance; this is also a bottleneck for the sustainable development of animal husbandry. In recent years, although SCS technology has been successfully applied in the fields of medicine and bioscience, its application in poultry science has been rarely reported. With the sustainable development of science and technology and the poultry industry, SCS technology has great potential in the application of poultry science (or animal husbandry). Therefore, it is necessary to review the innovation of SCS technology and its application in poultry science. This article summarizes the current main technical methods of SCS and its application in poultry, which can provide potential references for its future applications in precision breeding, disease prevention and control, immunity, and cell identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shuangmin Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiannian Zi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shixiong Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Tengfei Dou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Junjing Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Changrong Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence:
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Xie X, Li Y, Lian S, Lu Y, Jia L. Cancer metastasis chemoprevention prevents circulating tumour cells from germination. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:341. [PMID: 36184654 PMCID: PMC9526788 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01174-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The war against cancer traces back to the signature event half-a-century ago when the US National Cancer Act was signed into law. The cancer crusade costs trillions with disappointing returns, teasing the possibility of a new breakthrough. Cure for cancer post-metastases still seems tantalisingly out of reach. Once metastasized, cancer-related death is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to be reversed. Here we present cancer pre-metastasis chemoprevention strategy that can prevent circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from initiating metastases safely and effectively, and is disparate from the traditional cancer chemotherapy and cancer chemoprevention. Deep learning of the biology of CTCs and their disseminating organotropism, complexity of their adhesion to endothelial niche reveals that if the adhesion of CTCs to their metastasis niche (the first and the most important part in cancer metastatic cascade) can be pharmaceutically interrupted, the lethal metastatic cascade could be prevented from getting initiated. We analyse the key inflammatory and adhesive factors contributing to CTC adhesion/germination, provide pharmacological fundamentals for abortifacients to intervene CTC adhesion to the distant metastasis sites. The adhesion/inhibition ratio (AIR) is defined for selecting the best cancer metastasis chemopreventive candidates. The successful development of such new therapeutic modalities for cancer metastasis chemoprevention has great potential to revolutionise the current ineffective post-metastasis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Xie
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yumei Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Shu Lian
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Lee Jia
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China. .,Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350116, China.
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Shah UJ, Alsulimani A, Ahmad F, Mathkor DM, Alsaieedi A, Harakeh S, Nasiruddin M, Haque S. Bioplatforms in liquid biopsy: advances in the techniques for isolation, characterization and clinical applications. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 38:339-383. [PMID: 35968863 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2108994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue biopsy analysis has conventionally been the gold standard for cancer prognosis, diagnosis and prediction of responses/resistances to treatments. The existing biopsy procedures used in clinical practice are, however, invasive, painful and often associated with pitfalls like poor recovery of tumor cells and infeasibility for repetition in single patients. To circumvent these limitations, alternative non-invasive, rapid and economical, yet sturdy, consistent and dependable, biopsy techniques are required. Liquid biopsy is an emerging technology that fulfills these criteria and potentially much more in terms of subject-specific real-time monitoring of cancer progression, determination of tumor heterogeneity and treatment responses, and specific identification of the type and stages of cancers. The present review first briefly revisits the state-of-the-art technique of liquid biopsy and then proceeds to address in detail, the advances in the potential clinical applications of four major biological agencies present in liquid biopsy samples (circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes and tumor-educated platelets (TEPs)). Finally, the authors conclude with the limitations that need to be addressed in order for liquid biopsy to effectively replace the conventional invasive biopsy methods in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushma Jaykamal Shah
- MedGenome Labs Ltd, Kailash Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Vadodara, India
| | - Ahmad Alsulimani
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Darin Mansor Mathkor
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahdab Alsaieedi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, and Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Nasiruddin
- MedGenome Labs Ltd, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India.,Genomics Lab, Orbito Asia Diagnostics, Coimbatore, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Malignancy Assessment Using Gene Identification in Captured Cells Algorithm for the Prediction of Malignancy in Women With a Pelvic Mass. Obstet Gynecol 2022; 140:631-642. [PMID: 36075062 PMCID: PMC9484762 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000004927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the detection of malignancy in women with a pelvic mass by using multiplexed gene expression analysis of cells captured from peripheral blood. METHODS This was an IRB-approved, prospective clinical study. Eligible patients had a pelvic mass and were scheduled for surgery or biopsy. Rare cells were captured from peripheral blood obtained preoperatively by using a microfluidic cell capture device. Isolated mRNA from the captured cells was analyzed for expression of 72 different gene transcripts. Serum levels for several commonly assayed biomarkers were measured. All patients had a tissue diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses for the prediction of malignancy using gene expression and serum biomarker levels were performed, and receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed and compared. RESULTS A total of 183 evaluable patients were enrolled (average age 56 years, range 19-91 years). There were 104 benign tumors, 17 low malignant potential tumors, and 62 malignant tumors. Comparison of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for individual genes and various combinations of genes with or without serum biomarkers to differentiate between benign conditions (excluding low malignant potential tumors) and malignant tumors showed that a multivariate model combining the expression levels of eight genes and four serum biomarkers achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) (95.1%, 95% CI 92.0-98.2%). The MAGIC (Malignancy Assessment using Gene Identification in Captured Cells) algorithm significantly outperformed all individual genes (AUC 50.2-65.2%; all P <.001) and a multivariate model combining 14 different genes (AUC 88.0%, 95% CI 82.9-93.0%; P =.005). Further, the MAGIC algorithm achieved an AUC of 89.5% (95% CI 81.3-97.8%) for stage I-II and 98.9% (95% CI 96.7-100%) for stage III-IV patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. CONCLUSION Multiplexed gene expression evaluation of cells captured from blood, with or without serum biomarker levels, accurately detects malignancy in women with a pelvic mass. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02781272. FUNDING SOURCE This study was funded by ANGLE Europe Limited (Surrey Research Park, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom).
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Wei J, Deng W, Weng J, Li M, Lan G, Li X, Ye L, Wang Y, Liu F, Ou H, Wei Y, Huang W, Xie S, Dong G, Qu S. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition classification of circulating tumor cells predicts clinical outcomes in progressive nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988458. [PMID: 36212389 PMCID: PMC9532596 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundLiquid biopsy facilitates the enrichment and isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in various human cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Characterizing CTCs allows observation of the evolutionary process of single tumor cells undergoing blood-borne dissemination, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition. However, the prognostic value of phenotypic classification of CTCs in predicting the clinical outcomes of NPC remains poorly understood.Patients and methodsA total of 92 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the present study. The CanPatrol™ CTC technology platform was employed to isolate CTCs, and an RNA in situ hybridization-based system was used for phenotypic classification. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used for univariate survival analysis, and the log-rank test was performed for between-group comparisons of the survival curves.ResultsCTCs were detected in 88.0% (81/92) of the enrolled patients with NPC. The total CTC number did not vary between the T and N stages or between Epstein–Barr virus DNA-positive and -negative cases. The numbers of total CTCs and epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) hybrid CTCs decreased significantly at 3 months post concurrent chemoradiotherapy (P=0.008 and P=0.023, respectively), whereas the numbers of epithelial or mesenchymal CTCs did not decrease. E/M hybrid-predominant cases had lower disease-free survival (P=0.043) and distant metastasis-free survival (P=0.046) rates than non-E/M hybrid-predominant cases.ConclusionCTC classification enables a better understanding of the cellular phenotypic alterations responsible for locoregional invasion and distant metastasis in NPC. E/M hybrid-predominant CTC distribution predicts unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with progressive NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Nanning, China
| | - Weiming Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jingjin Weng
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Guiping Lan
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Linsong Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Huashuang Ou
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yunzhong Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Sifang Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Guohu Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Shenhong Qu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Shenhong Qu,
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Namli I, Seyedmirzaei Sarraf S, Sheibani Aghdam A, Celebi Torabfam G, Kutlu O, Cetinel S, Ghorbani M, Koşar A. Hydrodynamic Cavitation on a Chip: A Tool to Detect Circulating Tumor Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40688-40697. [PMID: 36048001 PMCID: PMC9478945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are essential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Although various devices have been designed to detect, enumerate, and isolate CTCs from blood, some of these devices could have some drawbacks, such as the requirement of labeling, long process time, and high cost. Here, we present a microfluidic device based on the concept of "hydrodynamic cavitation-on-chip (HCOC)", which can detect CTCs in the order of minutes. The working principle relies on the difference of the required inlet pressure for cavitation inception of working fluids when they pass through the microfluidic device. The interface among the solid/floating particles, liquid, and vapor phases plays an important role in the strength of the fluid to withstand the rupture and cavitation formation. To this end, four experimental groups, including the "cell culture medium", "medium + Jurkat cells", "medium + Jurkat cells + CTCs", and "medium + CTCs", were tested as a proof of concept with two sets of fabricated microfluidic chips with the same geometrical dimensions, in which one set contained structural sidewall roughness elements. Jurkat cells were used to mimic white blood cells, and MDA-MB-231 cells were spiked into the medium as CTCs. Accordingly, the group with CTCs led to detectable earlier cavitation inception. Additionally, the effect of the CTC concentration on cavitation inception and the effect of the presence of sidewall roughness elements on the earlier inception were evaluated. Furthermore, CTC detection tests were performed with cancer cell lines spiked in blood samples from healthy donors. The results showed that this approach, HCOC, could be a potential approach to detect the presence of CTCs based on cavitation phenomenon and offer a cheap, user-friendly, and rapid tool with no requirement for any biomarker or extensive films acting as a biosensor. This approach also possesses straightforward application procedures to be employed for detection of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilayda Namli
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyedali Seyedmirzaei Sarraf
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Araz Sheibani Aghdam
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Celebi Torabfam
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Kutlu
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of
Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics
(EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Cetinel
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of
Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics
(EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Morteza Ghorbani
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of
Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics
(EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of
Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics
(EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
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Macaraniag C, Luan Q, Zhou J, Papautsky I. Microfluidic techniques for isolation, formation, and characterization of circulating tumor cells and clusters. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:031501. [PMID: 35856010 PMCID: PMC9288269 DOI: 10.1063/5.0093806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters that are shed from the primary tumor into the bloodstream are associated with a poor prognosis, elevated metastatic potential, higher proliferation rate, and distinct molecular features compared to single CTCs. Studying CTC clusters may give us information on the differences in the genetic profiles, somatic mutations, and epigenetic changes in circulating cells compared to the primary tumor and metastatic sites. Microfluidic systems offer the means of studying CTC clusters through the ability to efficiently isolate these rare cells from the whole blood of patients in a liquid biopsy. Microfluidics can also be used to develop in vitro models of CTC clusters and make possible their characterization and analysis. Ultimately, microfluidic systems can offer the means to gather insight on the complexities of the metastatic process, the biology of cancer, and the potential for developing novel or personalized therapies. In this review, we aim to discuss the advantages and challenges of the existing microfluidic systems for working with CTC clusters. We hope that an improved understanding of the role microfluidics can play in isolation, formation, and characterization of CTC clusters, which can lead to increased sophistication of microfluidic platforms in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Macaraniag
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Qiyue Luan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Ian Papautsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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Deng Z, Wu S, Wang Y, Shi D. Circulating tumor cell isolation for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104237. [PMID: 36041264 PMCID: PMC9440384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that shed from the primary tumor and intravasate into the peripheral blood circulation system responsible for metastasis. Sensitive detection of CTCs from clinical samples can serve as an effective tool in cancer diagnosis and prognosis through liquid biopsy. Current CTC detection technologies mainly reply on the biomarker-mediated platforms including magnetic beads, microfluidic chips or size-sensitive microfiltration which can compromise detection sensitivity due to tumor heterogeneity. A more sensitive, biomarker independent CTCs isolation technique has been recently developed with the surface-charged superparamagnetic nanoprobe capable of different EMT subpopulation CTC capture from 1 mL clinical blood. In this review, this new strategy is compared with the conventional techniques on biomarker specificity, impact of protein corona, effect of glycolysis on cell surface charge, and accurate CTC identification. Correlations between CTC enumeration and molecular profiling in clinical blood and cancer prognosis are provided for clinical cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Deng
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Shengming Wu
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yilong Wang
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Donglu Shi
- The Materials Science and Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
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