1
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Roger AL, Biswas DD, Huston ML, Le D, Bailey AM, Pucci LA, Shi Y, Robinson-Hamm J, Gersbach CA, ElMallah MK. Respiratory characterization of a humanized Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse model. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2024; 326:104282. [PMID: 38782084 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2024.104282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common X-linked disease. DMD is caused by a lack of dystrophin, a critical structural protein in striated muscle. Dystrophin deficiency leads to inflammation, fibrosis, and muscle atrophy. Boys with DMD have progressive muscle weakness within the diaphragm that results in respiratory failure in the 2nd or 3rd decade of life. The most common DMD mouse model - the mdx mouse - is not sufficient for evaluating genetic medicines that specifically target the human DMD (hDMD) gene sequence. Therefore, a novel transgenic mouse carrying the hDMD gene with an exon 52 deletion was created (hDMDΔ52;mdx). We characterized the respiratory function and pathology in this model using whole body plethysmography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. At 6-months-old, hDMDΔ52;mdx mice have reduced maximal respiration, neuromuscular junction pathology, and fibrosis throughout the diaphragm, which worsens at 12-months-old. In conclusion, the hDMDΔ52;mdx exhibits moderate respiratory pathology, and serves as a relevant animal model to study the impact of novel genetic therapies, including gene editing, on respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Roger
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Davina Le
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aidan M Bailey
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Logan A Pucci
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yihan Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Mai K ElMallah
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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2
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Luo W, Demidov V, Shen Q, Girão H, Chakraborty M, Maiorov A, Ataullakhanov FI, Lin C, Maiato H, Grishchuk EL. CLASP2 recognizes tubulins exposed at the microtubule plus-end in a nucleotide state-sensitive manner. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq5404. [PMID: 36598991 PMCID: PMC9812398 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
CLASPs (cytoplasmic linker-associated proteins) are ubiquitous stabilizers of microtubule dynamics, but their molecular targets at the microtubule plus-end are not understood. Using DNA origami-based reconstructions, we show that clusters of human CLASP2 form a load-bearing bond with terminal non-GTP tubulins at the stabilized microtubule tip. This activity relies on the unconventional TOG2 domain of CLASP2, which releases its high-affinity bond with non-GTP dimers upon their conversion into polymerization-competent GTP-tubulins. The ability of CLASP2 to recognize nucleotide-specific tubulin conformation and stabilize the catastrophe-promoting non-GTP tubulins intertwines with the previously underappreciated exchange between GDP and GTP at terminal tubulins. We propose that TOG2-dependent stabilization of sporadically occurring non-GTP tubulins represents a distinct molecular mechanism to suppress catastrophe at the freely assembling microtubule ends and to promote persistent tubulin assembly at the load-bearing tethered ends, such as at the kinetochores in dividing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxi Luo
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vladimir Demidov
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Hugo Girão
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manas Chakraborty
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aleksandr Maiorov
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fazly I. Ataullakhanov
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141701, Russian Federation
| | - Chenxiang Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cell Division Group, Department of Biomedicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ekaterina L. Grishchuk
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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3
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Osseni A, Schaeffer L. [HDAC6, a very specific deacetylase with a potential therapeutic role]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38 Hors série n° 1:6-12. [PMID: 36649628 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is defined today as a new key player in the treatment of many diseases. Overexpression of HDAC6 was observed in a variety of diseases. Over the past ten years, plenty of new selective inhibitors of HDAC6 activity have been synthesized and characterized. Many studies have shown the high efficiency and beneficial effects of HDAC6 inhibitors in many diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative, inflammatory, or neuromuscular diseases. The mechanisms of HDAC6 action that explain the benefit of its inhibition in various pathologies are still unknown. We have recently shown that HDAC6, via the regulation of the microtubule network, plays a role at the level of neuromuscular junctions by controlling acetylcholine receptor delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Osseni
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle (INMG-PGNM), CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U 1315, Université de Lyon, UCBL1, France - Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle (INMG-PGNM), CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U 1315, Université de Lyon, UCBL1, France - Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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4
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Klaus A, Clapes T, Yvernogeau L, Basu S, Weijts B, Maas J, Smal I, Galjart N, Robin C. CLASP2 safeguards hematopoietic stem cell properties during mouse and fish development. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110957. [PMID: 35705037 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) express a large variety of cell surface receptors that are associated with acquisition of self-renewal and multipotent properties. Correct expression of these receptors depends on a delicate balance between cell surface trafficking, recycling, and degradation and is controlled by the microtubule network and Golgi apparatus, whose roles have hardly been explored during embryonic/fetal hematopoiesis. Here we show that, in the absence of CLASP2, a microtubule-associated protein, the overall production of HSCs is reduced, and the produced HSCs fail to self-renew and maintain their stemness throughout mouse and zebrafish development. This phenotype can be attributed to decreased cell surface expression of the hematopoietic receptor c-Kit, which originates from increased lysosomal degradation in combination with a reduction in trafficking to the plasma membrane. A dysfunctional Golgi apparatus in CLASP2-deficient HSCs seems to be the underlying cause of the c-Kit expression and signaling imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klaus
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Clapes
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Laurent Yvernogeau
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sreya Basu
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Weijts
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Maas
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ihor Smal
- Theme Biomedical Sciences and Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Galjart
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine Robin
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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5
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Noordstra I, van den Berg CM, Boot FWJ, Katrukha EA, Yu KL, Tas RP, Portegies S, Viergever BJ, de Graaff E, Hoogenraad CC, de Koning EJP, Carlotti F, Kapitein LC, Akhmanova A. Organization and dynamics of the cortical complexes controlling insulin secretion in β-cells. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274234. [PMID: 35006275 PMCID: PMC8918791 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells is regulated by cortical complexes that are enriched at the sites of adhesion to extracellular matrix facing the vasculature. Many components of these complexes, including bassoon, RIM, ELKS and liprins, are shared with neuronal synapses. Here, we show that insulin secretion sites also contain the non-neuronal proteins LL5β (also known as PHLDB2) and KANK1, which, in migrating cells, organize exocytotic machinery in the vicinity of integrin-based adhesions. Depletion of LL5β or focal adhesion disassembly triggered by myosin II inhibition perturbed the clustering of secretory complexes and attenuated the first wave of insulin release. Although previous analyses in vitro and in neurons have suggested that secretory machinery might assemble through liquid–liquid phase separation, analysis of endogenously labeled ELKS in pancreatic islets indicated that its dynamics is inconsistent with such a scenario. Instead, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and single-molecule imaging showed that ELKS turnover is driven by binding and unbinding to low-mobility scaffolds. Both the scaffold movements and ELKS exchange were stimulated by glucose treatment. Our findings help to explain how integrin-based adhesions control spatial organization of glucose-stimulated insulin release. Summary: Characterization of the composition of cortical complexes controlling insulin secretion, showing that their dynamics is inconsistent with assembly through liquid–liquid phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Noordstra
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cyntha M van den Berg
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fransje W J Boot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eugene A Katrukha
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ka Lou Yu
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick P Tas
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren Portegies
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan J Viergever
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther de Graaff
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco J P de Koning
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas C Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Alvarez-Suarez P, Nowak N, Protasiuk-Filipunas A, Yamazaki H, Prószyński TJ, Gawor M. Drebrin Regulates Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering and Organization of Microtubules at the Postsynaptic Machinery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9387. [PMID: 34502296 PMCID: PMC8430516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper muscle function depends on the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), which mature postnatally to complex "pretzel-like" structures, allowing for effective synaptic transmission. Postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at NMJs are anchored in the actin cytoskeleton and clustered by the scaffold protein rapsyn, recruiting various actin-organizing proteins. Mechanisms driving the maturation of the postsynaptic machinery and regulating rapsyn interactions with the cytoskeleton are still poorly understood. Drebrin is an actin and microtubule cross-linker essential for the functioning of the synapses in the brain, but its role at NMJs remains elusive. We used immunohistochemistry, RNA interference, drebrin inhibitor 3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl pyrazole (BTP2) and co-immunopreciptation to explore the role of this protein at the postsynaptic machinery. We identify drebrin as a postsynaptic protein colocalizing with the AChRs both in vitro and in vivo. We also show that drebrin is enriched at synaptic podosomes. Downregulation of drebrin or blocking its interaction with actin in cultured myotubes impairs the organization of AChR clusters and the cluster-associated microtubule network. Finally, we demonstrate that drebrin interacts with rapsyn and a drebrin interactor, plus-end-tracking protein EB3. Our results reveal an interplay between drebrin and cluster-stabilizing machinery involving rapsyn, actin cytoskeleton, and microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Alvarez-Suarez
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.A.-S.); (N.N.); (A.P.-F.); (T.J.P.)
| | - Natalia Nowak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.A.-S.); (N.N.); (A.P.-F.); (T.J.P.)
| | - Anna Protasiuk-Filipunas
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.A.-S.); (N.N.); (A.P.-F.); (T.J.P.)
| | - Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Tomasz J. Prószyński
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.A.-S.); (N.N.); (A.P.-F.); (T.J.P.)
| | - Marta Gawor
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (P.A.-S.); (N.N.); (A.P.-F.); (T.J.P.)
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7
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Ghasemizadeh A, Christin E, Guiraud A, Couturier N, Abitbol M, Risson V, Girard E, Jagla C, Soler C, Laddada L, Sanchez C, Jaque-Fernandez FI, Jacquemond V, Thomas JL, Lanfranchi M, Courchet J, Gondin J, Schaeffer L, Gache V. MACF1 controls skeletal muscle function through the microtubule-dependent localization of extra-synaptic myonuclei and mitochondria biogenesis. eLife 2021; 10:e70490. [PMID: 34448452 PMCID: PMC8500715 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are composed of hundreds of multinucleated muscle fibers (myofibers) whose myonuclei are regularly positioned all along the myofiber's periphery except the few ones clustered underneath the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) at the synaptic zone. This precise myonuclei organization is altered in different types of muscle disease, including centronuclear myopathies (CNMs). However, the molecular machinery regulating myonuclei position and organization in mature myofibers remains largely unknown. Conversely, it is also unclear how peripheral myonuclei positioning is lost in the related muscle diseases. Here, we describe the microtubule-associated protein, MACF1, as an essential and evolutionary conserved regulator of myonuclei positioning and maintenance, in cultured mammalian myotubes, in Drosophila muscle, and in adult mammalian muscle using a conditional muscle-specific knockout mouse model. In vitro, we show that MACF1 controls microtubules dynamics and contributes to microtubule stabilization during myofiber's maturation. In addition, we demonstrate that MACF1 regulates the microtubules density specifically around myonuclei, and, as a consequence, governs myonuclei motion. Our in vivo studies show that MACF1 deficiency is associated with alteration of extra-synaptic myonuclei positioning and microtubules network organization, both preceding NMJ fragmentation. Accordingly, MACF1 deficiency results in reduced muscle excitability and disorganized triads, leaving voltage-activated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release and maximal muscle force unchanged. Finally, adult MACF1-KO mice present an improved resistance to fatigue correlated with a strong increase in mitochondria biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ghasemizadeh
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Emilie Christin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Alexandre Guiraud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Nathalie Couturier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Marie Abitbol
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
- Université Marcy l’Etoile, VetAgro SupLyonFrance
| | - Valerie Risson
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Emmanuelle Girard
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Christophe Jagla
- GReD Laboratory, Clermont-Auvergne University, INSERM U1103, CNRSClermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Cedric Soler
- GReD Laboratory, Clermont-Auvergne University, INSERM U1103, CNRSClermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Lilia Laddada
- GReD Laboratory, Clermont-Auvergne University, INSERM U1103, CNRSClermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Colline Sanchez
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Francisco-Ignacio Jaque-Fernandez
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Vincent Jacquemond
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Jean-Luc Thomas
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Marine Lanfranchi
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Julien Courchet
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Julien Gondin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
| | - Vincent Gache
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon ILyon CedexFrance
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8
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Marchal GA, Jouni M, Chiang DY, Pérez-Hernández M, Podliesna S, Yu N, Casini S, Potet F, Veerman CC, Klerk M, Lodder EM, Mengarelli I, Guan K, Vanoye CG, Rothenberg E, Charpentier F, Redon R, George AL, Verkerk AO, Bezzina CR, MacRae CA, Burridge PW, Delmar M, Galjart N, Portero V, Remme CA. Targeting the Microtubule EB1-CLASP2 Complex Modulates Na V1.5 at Intercalated Discs. Circ Res 2021; 129:349-365. [PMID: 34092082 PMCID: PMC8298292 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard A Marchal
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
| | - Mariam Jouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., F.P., C.G.V., A.L.G., P.W.B.)
| | - David Y Chiang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., C.A.M.)
| | | | - Svitlana Podliesna
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
| | - Nuo Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.Y., N.G.)
| | - Simona Casini
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
| | - Franck Potet
- Department of Pharmacology, University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., F.P., C.G.V., A.L.G., P.W.B.)
| | - Christiaan C Veerman
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
| | - Mischa Klerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (M.K., A.O.V.)
| | - Elisabeth M Lodder
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
| | - Isabella Mengarelli
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany (K.G.)
| | - Carlos G Vanoye
- Department of Pharmacology, University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., F.P., C.G.V., A.L.G., P.W.B.)
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology (E.R.), NYU School of Medicine
| | - Flavien Charpentier
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (F.C., R.R., V.P.)
| | - Richard Redon
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (F.C., R.R., V.P.)
| | - Alfred L George
- Department of Pharmacology, University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., F.P., C.G.V., A.L.G., P.W.B.)
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (M.K., A.O.V.)
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., C.A.M.)
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., F.P., C.G.V., A.L.G., P.W.B.)
| | - Mario Delmar
- Division of Cardiology (M.P.-H., M.D.), NYU School of Medicine
| | - Niels Galjart
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands (N.Y., N.G.)
| | - Vincent Portero
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du Thorax, Nantes, France (F.C., R.R., V.P.)
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC - location AMC, The Netherlands (G.A.M., S.P., S.C., C.C.V., E.M.L., I.M., A.O.V., C.R.B., V.P., C.A.R.)
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9
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Starosta A, Konieczny P. Therapeutic aspects of cell signaling and communication in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4867-4891. [PMID: 33825942 PMCID: PMC8233280 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating chromosome X-linked disease that manifests predominantly in progressive skeletal muscle wasting and dysfunctions in the heart and diaphragm. Approximately 1/5000 boys and 1/50,000,000 girls suffer from DMD, and to date, the disease is incurable and leads to premature death. This phenotypic severity is due to mutations in the DMD gene, which result in the absence of functional dystrophin protein. Initially, dystrophin was thought to be a force transducer; however, it is now considered an essential component of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC), viewed as a multicomponent mechanical scaffold and a signal transduction hub. Modulating signal pathway activation or gene expression through epigenetic modifications has emerged at the forefront of therapeutic approaches as either an adjunct or stand-alone strategy. In this review, we propose a broader perspective by considering DMD to be a disease that affects myofibers and muscle stem (satellite) cells, as well as a disorder in which abrogated communication between different cell types occurs. We believe that by taking this systemic view, we can achieve safe and holistic treatments that can restore correct signal transmission and gene expression in diseased DMD tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Starosta
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Patryk Konieczny
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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10
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Osseni A, Ravel-Chapuis A, Thomas JL, Gache V, Schaeffer L, Jasmin BJ. HDAC6 regulates microtubule stability and clustering of AChRs at neuromuscular junctions. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151966. [PMID: 32697819 PMCID: PMC7401804 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201901099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are known to be post-translationally modified at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), hence increasing their stability. To date however, the function(s) of the dynamic MT network and its relative stability in the formation and maintenance of NMJs remain poorly described. Stabilization of the MT is dependent in part on its acetylation status, and HDAC6 is capable of reversing this post-translational modification. Here, we report that HDAC6 preferentially accumulates at NMJs and that it contributes to the organization and the stability of NMJs. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 protects against MT disorganization and reduces the size of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters. Moreover, the endogenous HDAC6 inhibitor paxillin interacts with HDAC6 in skeletal muscle cells, colocalizes with AChR aggregates, and regulates the formation of AChR. Our findings indicate that the focal insertion of AChRs into the postsynaptic membrane is regulated by stable MTs and highlight how an MT/HDAC6/paxillin axis participates in the regulation of AChR insertion and removal to control the structure of NMJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Osseni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aymeric Ravel-Chapuis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Thomas
- Institut NeuroMyoGene, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5310, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1217, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Gache
- Institut NeuroMyoGene, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5310, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1217, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Institut NeuroMyoGene, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5310, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1217, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Rodríguez Cruz PM, Cossins J, Beeson D, Vincent A. The Neuromuscular Junction in Health and Disease: Molecular Mechanisms Governing Synaptic Formation and Homeostasis. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:610964. [PMID: 33343299 PMCID: PMC7744297 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.610964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a highly specialized synapse between a motor neuron nerve terminal and its muscle fiber that are responsible for converting electrical impulses generated by the motor neuron into electrical activity in the muscle fibers. On arrival of the motor nerve action potential, calcium enters the presynaptic terminal, which leads to the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh). ACh crosses the synaptic gap and binds to ACh receptors (AChRs) tightly clustered on the surface of the muscle fiber; this leads to the endplate potential which initiates the muscle action potential that results in muscle contraction. This is a simplified version of the events in neuromuscular transmission that take place within milliseconds, and are dependent on a tiny but highly structured NMJ. Much of this review is devoted to describing in more detail the development, maturation, maintenance and regeneration of the NMJ, but first we describe briefly the most important molecules involved and the conditions that affect their numbers and function. Most important clinically worldwide, are myasthenia gravis (MG), the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) and congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS), each of which causes specific molecular defects. In addition, we mention the neurotoxins from bacteria, snakes and many other species that interfere with neuromuscular transmission and cause potentially fatal diseases, but have also provided useful probes for investigating neuromuscular transmission. There are also changes in NMJ structure and function in motor neuron disease, spinal muscle atrophy and sarcopenia that are likely to be secondary but might provide treatment targets. The NMJ is one of the best studied and most disease-prone synapses in the nervous system and it is amenable to in vivo and ex vivo investigation and to systemic therapies that can help restore normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Rodríguez Cruz
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Cossins
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Beeson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Vincent
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Neurosciences Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Chemoradiation impairs myofiber hypertrophic growth in a pediatric tumor model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19501. [PMID: 33177579 PMCID: PMC7659015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75913-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancer treatment often involves chemotherapy and radiation, where off-target effects can include skeletal muscle decline. The effect of such treatments on juvenile skeletal muscle growth has yet to be investigated. We employed a small animal irradiator to administer fractionated hindlimb irradiation to juvenile mice bearing implanted rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) tumors. Hindlimb-targeted irradiation (3 × 8.2 Gy) of 4-week-old mice successfully eliminated RMS tumors implanted one week prior. After establishment of this preclinical model, a cohort of tumor-bearing mice were injected with the chemotherapeutic drug, vincristine, alone or in combination with fractionated irradiation (5 × 4.8 Gy). Single myofiber analysis of fast-contracting extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow-contracting soleus (SOL) muscles was conducted 3 weeks post-treatment. Although a reduction in myofiber size was apparent, EDL and SOL myonuclear number were differentially affected by juvenile irradiation and/or vincristine treatment. In contrast, a decrease in myonuclear domain (myofiber volume/myonucleus) was observed regardless of muscle or treatment. Thus, inhibition of myofiber hypertrophic growth is a consistent feature of pediatric cancer treatment.
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13
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Xing G, Xiong WC, Mei L. Rapsyn as a signaling and scaffolding molecule in neuromuscular junction formation and maintenance. Neurosci Lett 2020; 731:135013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Jaworski T. Control of neuronal excitability by GSK-3beta: Epilepsy and beyond. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118745. [PMID: 32450268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3β) is an enzyme with a variety of cellular functions in addition to the regulation of glycogen metabolism. In the central nervous system, different intracellular signaling pathways converge on GSK-3β through a cascade of phosphorylation events that ultimately control a broad range of neuronal functions in the development and adulthood. In mice, genetically removing or increasing GSK-3β cause distinct functional and structural neuronal phenotypes and consequently affect cognition. Precise control of GSK-3β activity is important for such processes as neuronal migration, development of neuronal morphology, synaptic plasticity, excitability, and gene expression. Altered GSK-3β activity contributes to aberrant plasticity within neuronal circuits leading to neurological, psychiatric disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutically targeting GSK-3β can restore the aberrant plasticity of neuronal networks at least in animal models of these diseases. Although the complete repertoire of GSK-3β neuronal substrates has not been defined, emerging evidence shows that different ion channels and their accessory proteins controlling excitability, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic transmission are regulated by GSK-3β, thereby supporting mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in cognition. Dysregulation of ion channel function by defective GSK-3β activity sustains abnormal excitability in the development of epilepsy and other GSK-3β-linked human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jaworski
- Laboratory of Animal Models, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
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15
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Abstract
CLIP-associating proteins (CLASPs) form an evolutionarily conserved family of regulatory factors that control microtubule dynamics and the organization of microtubule networks. The importance of CLASP activity has been appreciated for some time, but until recently our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remained basic. Over the past few years, studies of, for example, migrating cells, neuronal development, and microtubule reorganization in plants, along with in vitro reconstitutions, have provided new insights into the cellular roles and molecular basis of CLASP activity. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we will summarize some of these recent advances, emphasizing how they impact our current understanding of CLASP-mediated microtubule regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Lawrence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marija Zanic
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Luke M Rice
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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16
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Chan ZCK, Kwan HLR, Wong YS, Jiang Z, Zhou Z, Tam KW, Chan YS, Chan CB, Lee CW. Site-directed MT1-MMP trafficking and surface insertion regulate AChR clustering and remodeling at developing NMJs. eLife 2020; 9:54379. [PMID: 32208136 PMCID: PMC7093154 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
At vertebrate neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), the synaptic basal lamina contains different extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and synaptogenic factors that induce and maintain synaptic specializations. Here, we report that podosome-like structures (PLSs) induced by ubiquitous ECM proteins regulate the formation and remodeling of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters via focal ECM degradation. Mechanistically, ECM degradation is mediated by PLS-directed trafficking and surface insertion of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) to AChR clusters through microtubule-capturing mechanisms. Upon synaptic induction, MT1-MMP plays a crucial role in the recruitment of aneural AChR clusters for the assembly of postsynaptic specializations. Lastly, the structural defects of NMJs in embryonic MT1-MMP-/- mice further demonstrate the physiological role of MT1-MMP in normal NMJ development. Collectively, this study suggests that postsynaptic MT1-MMP serves as a molecular switch to synaptogenesis by modulating local ECM environment for the deposition of synaptogenic signals that regulate postsynaptic differentiation at developing NMJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Chui-Kuen Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiu-Lam Rachel Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Shun Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhixin Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Wai Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Bun Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Wang B, Li Y, Sui M, Qi Q, Wang T, Liu D, Zhou M, Zheng Y, Zhu LQ, Zhang B. Identification of the downstream molecules of agrin/Dok-7 signaling in muscle. FASEB J 2020; 34:5144-5161. [PMID: 32043676 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901693rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of the neuromuscular junction depends on signaling processes that involve protein phosphorylation. Motor neuron releases agrin to activate muscle protein Dok-7, a key tyrosine kinase essential for the formation of a mature and functional neuromuscular junction. However, the signaling cascade downstream of Dok-7 remains poorly understood. In this study, we combined the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 technique and quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis to study the tyrosine phosphorylation events triggered by agrin/Dok-7. We found tyrosine phosphorylation level of 36 proteins increased specifically by agrin stimulation. In Dok-7 mutant myotubes, however, 13 of the 36 proteins failed to be enhanced by agrin stimulation, suggesting that these 13 proteins are Dok-7-dependent tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, could work as downstream molecules of agrin/Dok-7 signaling. We validated one of the proteins, Anxa3, by in vitro and in vivo assays. Knocking down of Anxa3 in the cultured myotubes inhibited agrin-induced AChR clustering, whereas reduction of Anxa3 in mouse muscles induced abnormal postsynaptic development. Collectively, our phosphoproteomics analysis provides novel insights into the complicated signaling network downstream of agrin/Dok-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Sui
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinqin Qi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunjie Zheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Li T, Liu L, Wang X. [Sepsis impairs aggregation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on murine skeletal muscle cell membranes by inhibiting AKT/GSK3β phosphorylation]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:1337-1343. [PMID: 31852639 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.11.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of the protein-serine-threonine kinase (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) aggregation disorder on skeletal muscle cell membranes induced by sepsis. METHODS Mouse C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes by horse serum, and then C2C12 myotubes were randomly divided into four groups: the Sham group treated with serum from sham-operated mice, the Sepsis group treated with serum from septic mice, the Sepsis+D group treated with serum from septic mice and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the Sepsis+SB group treated with serum from septic mice and GSK3β inhibitor SB216763. Agrin was added into the cell culture to induce nAChRs aggregation before the treatment. After serum treatment for 5.5 h, the myotubes were examined for nAChRs clusters using Alexa Fluor 594-conjugated α-bungarotoxin (α- BTX). The expression levels of AKT, GSK3β and CLIP- associated protein 2 (CLASP2) and the phosphorylation of AKT, GSK3β were examined with Western blotting. The phosphorylation of CLASP2 and the interaction between CLASP2 and α-tubulin were detected with co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. RESULTS Compared with the serum from sham-operated mice, the serum from septic mice caused significant reduction in the area and density of nAChRs clusters on C2C12 myotubes, lowered the levels of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and phosphorylated GSK3β (p-GSK3β), increased the expression of phosphorylated CLASP2 (p-CLASP2), and obviously reduced the binding between CLASP2 and α-tubulin. Compared with DMSO, SB216763 significantly increased the area and density of nAChRs clusters on C2C12 myotubes treated with serum from septic mice, decreased the expression of p-CLASP2, and enhanced the interaction between CLASP2 and α-tubulin. CONCLUSIONS Septic mouse serum impairs nAChRs aggregation on C2C12 myotubes possibly by suppressing AKT/GSK3β phosphorylation to cause reduced interaction between CLASP2 and α-tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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19
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Guimbal S, Morel A, Guérit D, Chardon M, Blangy A, Vives V. Dock5 is a new regulator of microtubule dynamic instability in osteoclasts. Biol Cell 2019; 111:271-283. [PMID: 31461543 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Osteoclast resorption is dependent on a podosome-rich structure called sealing zone. It tightly attaches the osteoclast to the bone creating a favourable acidic microenvironment for bone degradation. This adhesion structure needs to be stabilised by microtubules whose acetylation is maintained by down-regulation of deacetylase HDAC6 and/or of microtubule destabilising kinase GSK3β activities. We already established that Dock5 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1. As a consequence, Dock5 inhibition results in a decrease of the GTPase activity associated with impaired podosome assembly into sealing zones and resorbing activity in osteoclasts. More, administration of C21, a chemical compound that directly inhibits the exchange activity of Dock5, disrupts osteoclast podosome organisation and protects mice against bone degradation in models recapitulating major osteolytic diseases. RESULTS In this report, we show that Dock5 knockout osteoclasts also present a reduced acetylated tubulin level leading to a decreased length and duration of microtubule growth phases, whereas their growth speed remains unaffected. Dock5 does not act by direct interaction with the polymerised tubulin. Using specific Rac inhibitors, we showed that Dock5 regulates microtubule dynamic instability through Rac-dependent and -independent pathways. The latter involves GSK3β inhibitory serine 9 phosphorylation downstream of Akt activation but not HDAC6 activity. CONCLUSION We showed that Dock5 is a new regulator of microtubule dynamic instability in osteoclast. SIGNIFICANCE Dock5 dual role in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and microtubule, which both need to be intact for bone resorption, reinforces the fact that it is an interesting therapeutic target for osteolytic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Guimbal
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - Anne Morel
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - David Guérit
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - Manon Chardon
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - Anne Blangy
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
| | - Virginie Vives
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34293, France.,Montpellier University, Montpellier, Cedex 5, 34095, France
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20
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Oury J, Liu Y, Töpf A, Todorovic S, Hoedt E, Preethish-Kumar V, Neubert TA, Lin W, Lochmüller H, Burden SJ. MACF1 links Rapsyn to microtubule- and actin-binding proteins to maintain neuromuscular synapses. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1686-1705. [PMID: 30842214 PMCID: PMC6504910 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201810023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oury et al. show that the scaffolding protein MACF1 links Rapsyn, which binds acetylcholine receptors, to the microtubule- and actin-network at neuromuscular synapses. MACF1 thereby plays a role in synaptic maturation in mice, and mutations of MACF1 are associated with congenital myasthenia in humans. Complex mechanisms are required to form neuromuscular synapses, direct their subsequent maturation, and maintain the synapse throughout life. Transcriptional and post-translational pathways play important roles in synaptic differentiation and direct the accumulation of the neurotransmitter receptors, acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), to the postsynaptic membrane, ensuring for reliable synaptic transmission. Rapsyn, an intracellular peripheral membrane protein that binds AChRs, is essential for synaptic differentiation, but how Rapsyn acts is poorly understood. We screened for proteins that coisolate with AChRs in a Rapsyn-dependent manner and show that microtubule actin cross linking factor 1 (MACF1), a scaffolding protein with binding sites for microtubules (MT) and actin, is concentrated at neuromuscular synapses, where it binds Rapsyn and serves as a synaptic organizer for MT-associated proteins, EB1 and MAP1b, and the actin-associated protein, Vinculin. MACF1 plays an important role in maintaining synaptic differentiation and efficient synaptic transmission in mice, and variants in MACF1 are associated with congenital myasthenia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Oury
- Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Medical School, New York, NY
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ana Töpf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Slobodanka Todorovic
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia and Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Esthelle Hoedt
- Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Medical School, New York, NY
| | | | - Thomas A Neubert
- Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Medical School, New York, NY
| | - Weichun Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Steven J Burden
- Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Medical School, New York, NY
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21
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Lawrence EJ, Arpag G, Norris SR, Zanic M. Human CLASP2 specifically regulates microtubule catastrophe and rescue. Mol Biol Cell 2018. [PMID: 29540526 PMCID: PMC5935067 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-01-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic linker-associated proteins (CLASPs) are microtubule-associated proteins essential for microtubule regulation in many cellular processes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CLASP activity are not understood. Here, we use purified protein components and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to investigate the effects of human CLASP2 on microtubule dynamics in vitro. We demonstrate that CLASP2 suppresses microtubule catastrophe and promotes rescue without affecting the rates of microtubule growth or shrinkage. Strikingly, when CLASP2 is combined with EB1, a known binding partner, the effects on microtubule dynamics are strongly enhanced. We show that synergy between CLASP2 and EB1 is dependent on a direct interaction, since a truncated EB1 protein that lacks the CLASP2-binding domain does not enhance CLASP2 activity. Further, we find that EB1 targets CLASP2 to microtubules and increases the dwell time of CLASP2 at microtubule tips. Although the temporally averaged microtubule growth rates are unaffected by CLASP2, we find that microtubules grown with CLASP2 display greater variability in growth rates. Our results provide insight into the regulation of microtubule dynamics by CLASP proteins and highlight the importance of the functional interplay between regulatory proteins at dynamic microtubule ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Lawrence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Göker Arpag
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Stephen R Norris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
| | - Marija Zanic
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240
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22
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Schmidt N, Basu S, Kröger S, Brenner HR. A Cell Culture System to Investigate the Presynaptic Control of Subsynaptic Membrane Differentiation at the Neuromuscular Junction. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1538:3-11. [PMID: 27943179 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6688-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
For decades the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) has been a favorite preparation to investigate basic mechanisms of synaptic function and development. As its function is to transmit action potentials in a 1:1 ratio from motor neurons to muscle fibers, the NMJ shows little or no functional plasticity, a property that makes it poorly suited to investigate mechanisms of use-dependent adaptations of synaptic function, which are thought to underlie learning and memory formation in the brain. On the other hand, the NMJ is unique in that the differentiation of the subsynaptic membrane is regulated by one major factor secreted from motor neurons, agrin. As a consequence, myotubes grown on a laminin substrate that is focally impregnated with recombinant neural agrin closely resemble the situation in vivo, where agrin secreted from motor neurons binds to the basal lamina of the NMJ's synaptic cleft to induce and maintain the subsynaptic muscle membrane. We provide here a detailed protocol through which acetylcholine receptor clusters are induced in cultured myotubes contacting laminin-attached agrin, enabling molecular, biochemical and cell biological analyses including high resolution microscopy in 4D. This preparation is ideally suited to investigate the mechanisms involved in the assembly of the postsynaptic muscle membrane, providing distinct advantages over inducing AChR clusters using soluble agrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schmidt
- Department of Physiology II, Albert-Ludwigs University, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sreya Basu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Kröger
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Rudolf Brenner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
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23
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Foteinopoulos P, Mulder BM. A microtubule-based minimal model for spontaneous and persistent spherical cell polarity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184706. [PMID: 28931032 PMCID: PMC5607169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a minimal model for the spontaneous and persistent generation of polarity in a spherical cell based on dynamic microtubules and a single mobile molecular component. This component, dubbed the polarity factor, binds to microtubules nucleated from a centrosome located in the center of the cell, is subsequently delivered to the cell membrane, where it diffuses until it unbinds. The only feedback mechanism we impose is that the residence time of the microtubules at the membrane increases with the local density of the polarity factor. We show analytically that this system supports a stable unipolar symmetry-broken state for a wide range of parameters. We validate the predictions of the model by 2D particle-based simulations. Our model provides a route towards the creation of polarity in a minimal cell-like environment using a biochemical reconstitution approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bela M. Mulder
- Systems Biophysics Department, Institute AMOLF, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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24
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Ohno K, Ohkawara B, Ito M. Agrin-LRP4-MuSK signaling as a therapeutic target for myasthenia gravis and other neuromuscular disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:949-958. [PMID: 28825343 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1369960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is compromised in a diverse array of diseases including myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, Isaacs' syndrome, congenital myasthenic syndromes, Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and sarcopenia. Except for sarcopenia, all are orphan diseases. In addition, the NMJ signal transduction is impaired by tetanus, botulinum, curare, α-bungarotoxin, conotoxins, organophosphate, sarin, VX, and soman to name a few. Areas covered: This review covers the agrin-LRP4-MuSK signaling pathway, which drives clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and ensures efficient signal transduction at the NMJ. We also address diseases caused by autoantibodies against the NMJ molecules and by germline mutations in genes encoding the NMJ molecules. Expert opinion: Representative small compounds to treat the defective NMJ signal transduction are cholinesterase inhibitors, which exert their effects by increasing the amount of acetylcholine at the synaptic space. Another possible therapeutic strategy to enhance the NMJ signal transduction is to increase the number of AChRs, but no currently available drug has this functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinji Ohno
- a Division of Neurogenetics , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Bisei Ohkawara
- a Division of Neurogenetics , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Mikako Ito
- a Division of Neurogenetics , Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan
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25
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Bernadzki KM, Gawor M, Pęziński M, Mazurek P, Niewiadomski P, Rędowicz MJ, Prószyński TJ. Liprin-α-1 is a novel component of the murine neuromuscular junction and is involved in the organization of the postsynaptic machinery. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9116. [PMID: 28831123 PMCID: PMC5567263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are specialized synapses that connect motor neurons to skeletal muscle fibers and orchestrate proper signal transmission from the nervous system to muscles. The efficient formation and maintenance of the postsynaptic machinery that contains acetylcholine receptors (AChR) are indispensable for proper NMJ function. Abnormalities in the organization of synaptic components often cause severe neuromuscular disorders, such as muscular dystrophy. The dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC) was shown to play an important role in NMJ development. We recently identified liprin-α-1 as a novel binding partner for one of the cytoplasmic DGC components, α-dystrobrevin-1. In the present study, we performed a detailed analysis of localization and function of liprin-α-1 at the murine NMJ. We showed that liprin-α-1 localizes to both pre- and postsynaptic compartments at the NMJ, and its synaptic enrichment depends on the presence of the nerve. Using cultured muscle cells, we found that liprin-α-1 plays an important role in AChR clustering and the organization of cortical microtubules. Our studies provide novel insights into the function of liprin-α-1 at vertebrate neuromuscular synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M Bernadzki
- Laboratory of Synaptogenesis, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Marta Gawor
- Laboratory of Synaptogenesis, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Marcin Pęziński
- Laboratory of Synaptogenesis, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Paula Mazurek
- Laboratory of Synaptogenesis, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Paweł Niewiadomski
- Laboratory of Synaptogenesis, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Maria J Rędowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Tomasz J Prószyński
- Laboratory of Synaptogenesis, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteura Street, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland.
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26
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Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals a Nanoscale Organization of Acetylcholine Receptors for Trans-Synaptic Alignment at Neuromuscular Synapses. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0232-17. [PMID: 28798955 PMCID: PMC5550840 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0232-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a chemical synapse formed between motoneurons and skeletal muscle fibers. The vertebrate NMJ uses acetylcholine (ACh) as the neurotransmitter and features numerous invaginations of the postsynaptic muscle membrane termed junctional folds. ACh receptors (AChRs) are believed to be concentrated on the crest of junctional folds but their spatial organization remains to be fully understood. In this study, we utilized super-resolution microscopy to examine the nanoscale organization of AChRs at NMJ. Using Structured Illumination Microscopy, we found that AChRs appear as stripes within the pretzel-shaped mouse NMJs, which however, do not correlate with the size of the crests of junctional folds. By comparing the localization of AChRs with several pre- and postsynaptic markers of distinct compartments of NMJs, we found that AChRs are not distributed evenly across the crest of junctional folds as previously thought. Instead, AChR stripes are more closely aligned with the openings of junctional folds as well as with the presynaptic active zone. Using Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) for increased resolution, we found that each AChR stripe contains an AChR-poor slit at the center that is equivalent to the size of the opening of junctional folds. Together, these findings indicate that AChRs are largely localized to the edges of crests surrounding the opening of folds to align with the presynaptic active zones. Such a nanoscale organization of AChRs potentially enables trans-synaptic alignment for effective synaptic transmission of NMJs.
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27
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Kruse R, Krantz J, Barker N, Coletta RL, Rafikov R, Luo M, Højlund K, Mandarino LJ, Langlais PR. Characterization of the CLASP2 Protein Interaction Network Identifies SOGA1 as a Microtubule-Associated Protein. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1718-1735. [PMID: 28550165 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CLASP2 is a microtubule-associated protein that undergoes insulin-stimulated phosphorylation and co-localization with reorganized actin and GLUT4 at the plasma membrane. To gain insight to the role of CLASP2 in this system, we developed and successfully executed a streamlined interactome approach and built a CLASP2 protein network in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Using two different commercially available antibodies for CLASP2 and an antibody for epitope-tagged, overexpressed CLASP2, we performed multiple affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry (AP-MS) experiments in combination with label-free quantitative proteomics and analyzed the data with the bioinformatics tool Significance Analysis of Interactome (SAINT). We discovered that CLASP2 coimmunoprecipitates (co-IPs) the novel protein SOGA1, the microtubule-associated protein kinase MARK2, and the microtubule/actin-regulating protein G2L1. The GTPase-activating proteins AGAP1 and AGAP3 were also enriched in the CLASP2 interactome, although subsequent AGAP3 and CLIP2 interactome analysis suggests a preference of AGAP3 for CLIP2. Follow-up MARK2 interactome analysis confirmed reciprocal co-IP of CLASP2 and revealed MARK2 can co-IP SOGA1, glycogen synthase, and glycogenin. Investigating the SOGA1 interactome confirmed SOGA1 can reciprocal co-IP both CLASP2 and MARK2 as well as glycogen synthase and glycogenin. SOGA1 was confirmed to colocalize with CLASP2 and with tubulin, which identifies SOGA1 as a new microtubule-associated protein. These results introduce the metabolic function of these proposed novel protein networks and their relationship with microtubules as new fields of cytoskeleton-associated protein biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Kruse
- From the ‡The Section of Molecular Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Clinical Research and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark.,§Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - James Krantz
- ¶Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Natalie Barker
- ¶Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Richard L Coletta
- ‖School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85787
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- ¶Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Moulun Luo
- ¶Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Kurt Højlund
- From the ‡The Section of Molecular Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Clinical Research and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark.,§Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Lawrence J Mandarino
- ¶Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Paul R Langlais
- ¶Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona 85721;
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28
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Abstract
Exocytosis is a fundamental cellular process whereby secreted molecules are packaged into vesicles that move along cytoskeletal filaments and fuse with the plasma membrane. To function optimally, cells are strongly dependent on precisely controlled delivery of exocytotic cargo. In mammalian cells, microtubules serve as major tracks for vesicle transport by motor proteins, and thus microtubule organization is important for targeted delivery of secretory carriers. Over the years, multiple microtubule-associated and cortical proteins have been discovered that facilitate the interaction between the microtubule plus ends and the cell cortex. In this review, we focus on mammalian protein complexes that have been shown to participate in both cortical microtubule capture and exocytosis, thereby regulating the spatial organization of secretion. These complexes include microtubule plus-end tracking proteins, scaffolding factors, actin-binding proteins, and components of vesicle docking machinery, which together allow efficient coordination of cargo transport and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Noordstra
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
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29
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Voelzmann A, Hahn I, Pearce SP, Sánchez-Soriano N, Prokop A. A conceptual view at microtubule plus end dynamics in neuronal axons. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:226-237. [PMID: 27530065 PMCID: PMC5090033 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Axons are the cable-like protrusions of neurons which wire up the nervous system. Polar bundles of microtubules (MTs) constitute their structural backbones and are highways for life-sustaining transport between proximal cell bodies and distal synapses. Any morphogenetic changes of axons during development, plastic rearrangement, regeneration or degeneration depend on dynamic changes of these MT bundles. A key mechanism for implementing such changes is the coordinated polymerisation and depolymerisation at the plus ends of MTs within these bundles. To gain an understanding of how such regulation can be achieved at the cellular level, we provide here an integrated overview of the extensive knowledge we have about the molecular mechanisms regulating MT de/polymerisation. We first summarise insights gained from work in vitro, then describe the machinery which supplies the essential tubulin building blocks, the protein complexes associating with MT plus ends, and MT shaft-based mechanisms that influence plus end dynamics. We briefly summarise the contribution of MT plus end dynamics to important cellular functions in axons, and conclude by discussing the challenges and potential strategies of integrating the existing molecular knowledge into conceptual understanding at the level of axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Voelzmann
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ines Hahn
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Simon P Pearce
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; The University of Manchester, School of Mathematics, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Natalia Sánchez-Soriano
- University of Liverpool, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Andreas Prokop
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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30
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Bouchet BP, Gough RE, Ammon YC, van de Willige D, Post H, Jacquemet G, Altelaar AM, Heck AJ, Goult BT, Akhmanova A. Talin-KANK1 interaction controls the recruitment of cortical microtubule stabilizing complexes to focal adhesions. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27410476 PMCID: PMC4995097 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between dynamic microtubules and integrin-based adhesions to the extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in cell polarity and migration. Microtubules regulate the turnover of adhesion sites, and, in turn, focal adhesions promote the cortical microtubule capture and stabilization in their vicinity, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that cortical microtubule stabilization sites containing CLASPs, KIF21A, LL5β and liprins are recruited to focal adhesions by the adaptor protein KANK1, which directly interacts with the major adhesion component, talin. Structural studies showed that the conserved KN domain in KANK1 binds to the talin rod domain R7. Perturbation of this interaction, including a single point mutation in talin, which disrupts KANK1 binding but not the talin function in adhesion, abrogates the association of microtubule-stabilizing complexes with focal adhesions. We propose that the talin-KANK1 interaction links the two macromolecular assemblies that control cortical attachment of actin fibers and microtubules. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18124.001 Animal cells are organized into tissues and organs. A scaffold-like framework outside of the cells called the extracellular matrix provides support to the cells and helps to hold them in place. Cells attach to the extracellular matrix via structures called focal adhesions on the cell surface; these structures contain a protein called talin. For a cell to be able to move, the existing focal adhesions must be broken down and new adhesions allowed to form. This process is regulated by the delivery and removal of different materials along fibers called microtubules. Microtubules can usually grow and shrink rapidly, but near focal adhesions they are captured at the surface of the cell and become more stable. However, it is not clear how focal adhesions promote microtubule capture and stability. Bouchet et al. found that a protein called KANK1 binds to the focal adhesion protein talin in human cells grown in a culture dish. This allows KANK1 to recruit microtubules to the cell surface around the focal adhesions by binding to particular proteins that are associated with microtubules. Disrupting the interaction between KANK1 and talin by making small alterations in these two proteins blocked the ability of focal adhesions to capture surrounding microtubules. The next step following on from this work will be to find out whether this process also takes place in the cells within an animal’s body, such as a fly or a mouse. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18124.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Bouchet
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemarie E Gough
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - York-Christoph Ammon
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dieudonnée van de Willige
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Post
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Af Maarten Altelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Jr Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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31
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van de Willige D, Hoogenraad CC, Akhmanova A. Microtubule plus-end tracking proteins in neuronal development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2053-77. [PMID: 26969328 PMCID: PMC4834103 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2168-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton is of pivotal importance for neuronal development and function. One such regulatory mechanism centers on microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs): structurally and functionally diverse regulatory factors, which can form complex macromolecular assemblies at the growing microtubule plus-ends. +TIPs modulate important properties of microtubules including their dynamics and their ability to control cell polarity, membrane transport and signaling. Several neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases are associated with mutations in +TIPs or with misregulation of these proteins. In this review, we focus on the role and regulation of +TIPs in neuronal development and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonnée van de Willige
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper C Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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32
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Li N, Mruk DD, Lee WM, Wong CKC, Cheng CY. Is toxicant-induced Sertoli cell injury in vitro a useful model to study molecular mechanisms in spermatogenesis? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 59:141-156. [PMID: 26779951 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sertoli cells isolated from rodents or humans and cultured in vitro are known to establish a functional tight junction (TJ)-permeability barrier that mimics the blood-testis barrier (BTB) in vivo. This model has been widely used by investigators to study the biology of the TJ and the BTB. Studies have shown that environmental toxicants (e.g., perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), bisphenol A (BPA) and cadmium) that exert their disruptive effects to induce Sertoli cell injury using this in vitro model are reproducible in studies in vivo. Thus, this in vitro system provides a convenient approach to probe the molecular mechanism(s) underlying toxicant-induced testis injury but also to provide new insights in understanding spermatogenesis, such as the biology of cell adhesion, BTB restructuring that supports preleptotene spermatocyte transport, and others. Herein, we provide a brief and critical review based on studies using this in vitro model of Sertoli cell cultures using primary cells isolated from rodent testes vs. humans to monitor environmental toxicant-mediated Sertoli cell injury. In short, recent findings have shown that environmental toxicants exert their effects on Sertoli cells to induce testis injury through their action on Sertoli cell actin- and/or microtubule-based cytoskeleton. These effects are mediated via their disruptive effects on actin- and/or microtubule-binding proteins. Sertoli cells also utilize differential spatiotemporal expression of these actin binding proteins to confer plasticity to the BTB to regulate germ cell transport across the BTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Dolores D Mruk
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Will M Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris K C Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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Tintignac LA, Brenner HR, Rüegg MA. Mechanisms Regulating Neuromuscular Junction Development and Function and Causes of Muscle Wasting. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:809-52. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00033.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction is the chemical synapse between motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers. It is designed to reliably convert the action potential from the presynaptic motor neuron into the contraction of the postsynaptic muscle fiber. Diseases that affect the neuromuscular junction may cause failure of this conversion and result in loss of ambulation and respiration. The loss of motor input also causes muscle wasting as muscle mass is constantly adapted to contractile needs by the balancing of protein synthesis and protein degradation. Finally, neuromuscular activity and muscle mass have a major impact on metabolic properties of the organisms. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction, the consequences of and the mechanisms involved in its dysfunction, and its role in maintaining muscle mass during aging. As life expectancy is increasing, loss of muscle mass during aging, called sarcopenia, has emerged as a field of high medical need. Interestingly, aging is also accompanied by structural changes at the neuromuscular junction, suggesting that the mechanisms involved in neuromuscular junction maintenance might be disturbed during aging. In addition, there is now evidence that behavioral paradigms and signaling pathways that are involved in longevity also affect neuromuscular junction stability and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel A. Tintignac
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Hans-Rudolf Brenner
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
| | - Markus A. Rüegg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and INRA, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France
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34
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Astro V, de Curtis I. Plasma membrane-associated platforms: Dynamic scaffolds that organize membrane-associated events. Sci Signal 2015; 8:re1. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Bloch-Gallego E. Mechanisms controlling neuromuscular junction stability. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1029-43. [PMID: 25359233 PMCID: PMC11113273 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the synaptic connection between motor neurons and muscle fibers. It is involved in crucial processes such as body movements and breathing. Its proper development requires the guidance of motor axons toward their specific targets, the development of multi-innervated myofibers, and a selective synapse stabilization. It first consists of the removal of excessive motor axons on myofibers, going from multi-innervation to a single innervation of each myofiber. Whereas guidance cues of motor axons toward their specific muscular targets are well characterized, only few molecular and cellular cues have been reported as clues for selecting and stabilizing specific neuromuscular junctions. We will first provide a brief summary on NMJ development. We will then review molecular cues that are involved in NMJ stabilization, in both pre- and post-synaptic compartments, considering motor neurons and Schwann cells on the one hand, and muscle on the other hand. We will provide links with pathologies and highlight advances that can be brought both by basic research on NMJ development and clinical data resulting from the analyses of neurodegeneration of synaptic connections to obtain a better understanding of this process. The goal of this review is to highlight the findings toward understanding the roles of poly- or single-innervations and the underlying mechanisms of NMJ stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Bloch-Gallego
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U. 1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes 24, rue du Fbg St-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France,
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36
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Basu S, Sladecek S, Martinez de la Peña y Valenzuela I, Akaaboune M, Smal I, Martin K, Galjart N, Brenner HR. CLASP2-dependent microtubule capture at the neuromuscular junction membrane requires LL5β and actin for focal delivery of acetylcholine receptor vesicles. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:938-51. [PMID: 25589673 PMCID: PMC4342029 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel mechanism is described for the agrin-mediated focal delivery of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) to the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. Microtubule capture mediated by CLASP2 and its interaction partner, LL5β, and an intact subsynaptic actin cytoskeleton are both required for focal AChR transport to the synaptic membrane. A hallmark of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the high density of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in the postsynaptic muscle membrane. The postsynaptic apparatus of the NMJ is organized by agrin secreted from motor neurons. The mechanisms that underlie the focal delivery of AChRs to the adult NMJ are not yet understood in detail. We previously showed that microtubule (MT) capture by the plus end–tracking protein CLASP2 regulates AChR density at agrin-induced AChR clusters in cultured myotubes via PI3 kinase acting through GSK3β. Here we show that knockdown of the CLASP2-interaction partner LL5β by RNAi and forced expression of a CLASP2 fragment blocking the CLASP2/LL5β interaction inhibit microtubule capture. The same treatments impair focal vesicle delivery to the clusters. Consistent with these findings, knockdown of LL5β at the NMJ in vivo reduces the density and insertion of AChRs into the postsynaptic membrane. MT capture and focal vesicle delivery to agrin-induced AChR clusters are also inhibited by microtubule- and actin-depolymerizing drugs, invoking both cytoskeletal systems in MT capture and in the fusion of AChR vesicles with the cluster membrane. Combined our data identify a transport system, organized by agrin through PI3 kinase, GSK3β, CLASP2, and LL5β, for precise delivery of AChR vesicles from the subsynaptic nuclei to the overlying synaptic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Basu
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Sladecek
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Mohammed Akaaboune
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ihor Smal
- Biomedical Imaging Group, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katrin Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Niels Galjart
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Mihailovska E, Raith M, Valencia RG, Fischer I, Al Banchaabouchi M, Herbst R, Wiche G. Neuromuscular synapse integrity requires linkage of acetylcholine receptors to postsynaptic intermediate filament networks via rapsyn-plectin 1f complexes. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:4130-49. [PMID: 25318670 PMCID: PMC4263455 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
P1f, a specific isoform of the cytolinker protein plectin, bridges AChRs to the desmin IF network of myofibers via direct interaction with the AChR-scaffolding protein rapsyn. P1f-mediated IF linkage is crucial for the formation and maintenance of AChR clusters, postsynaptic organization of the NMJ, and body locomotion. Mutations in the cytolinker protein plectin lead to grossly distorted morphology of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in patients suffering from epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS)-muscular dystrophy (MS) with myasthenic syndrome (MyS). Here we investigated whether plectin contributes to the structural integrity of NMJs by linking them to the postsynaptic intermediate filament (IF) network. Live imaging of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in cultured myotubes differentiated ex vivo from immortalized plectin-deficient myoblasts revealed them to be highly mobile and unable to coalesce into stable clusters, in contrast to wild-type cells. We found plectin isoform 1f (P1f) to bridge AChRs and IFs via direct interaction with the AChR-scaffolding protein rapsyn in an isoform-specific manner; forced expression of P1f in plectin-deficient cells rescued both compromised AChR clustering and IF network anchoring. In conditional plectin knockout mice with gene disruption in muscle precursor/satellite cells (Pax7-Cre/cKO), uncoupling of AChRs from IFs was shown to lead to loss of postsynaptic membrane infoldings and disorganization of the NMJ microenvironment, including its invasion by microtubules. In their phenotypic behavior, mutant mice closely mimicked EBS-MD-MyS patients, including impaired body balance, severe muscle weakness, and reduced life span. Our study demonstrates that linkage to desmin IF networks via plectin is crucial for formation and maintenance of AChR clusters, postsynaptic NMJ organization, and body locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mihailovska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne Raith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rocio G Valencia
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Irmgard Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mumna Al Banchaabouchi
- Preclinical Phenotyping Facility, Campus Science Support Facilities, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Herbst
- Center for Brain Research and Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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38
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Ferreira JG, Pereira AL, Maiato H. Microtubule plus-end tracking proteins and their roles in cell division. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 309:59-140. [PMID: 24529722 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800255-1.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are cellular components that are required for a variety of essential processes such as cell motility, mitosis, and intracellular transport. This is possible because of the inherent dynamic properties of microtubules. Many of these properties are tightly regulated by a number of microtubule plus-end-binding proteins or +TIPs. These proteins recognize the distal end of microtubules and are thus in the right context to control microtubule dynamics. In this review, we address how microtubule dynamics are regulated by different +TIP families, focusing on how functionally diverse +TIPs spatially and temporally regulate microtubule dynamics during animal cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge G Ferreira
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cell Division Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana L Pereira
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Maiato
- Chromosome Instability & Dynamics Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Cell Division Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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39
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Basu S, Sladecek S, Pemble H, Wittmann T, Slotman JA, van Cappellen W, Brenner HR, Galjart N. Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering is regulated both by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)-dependent phosphorylation and the level of CLIP-associated protein 2 (CLASP2) mediating the capture of microtubule plus-ends. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30857-30867. [PMID: 25231989 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.589457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The postsynaptic apparatus of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) traps and anchors acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at high density at the synapse. We have previously shown that microtubule (MT) capture by CLASP2, a MT plus-end-tracking protein (+TIP), increases the size and receptor density of AChR clusters at the NMJ through the delivery of AChRs and that this is regulated by a pathway involving neuronal agrin and several postsynaptic kinases, including GSK3. Phosphorylation by GSK3 has been shown to cause CLASP2 dissociation from MT ends, and nine potential phosphorylation sites for GSK3 have been mapped on CLASP2. How CLASP2 phosphorylation regulates MT capture at the NMJ and how this controls the size of AChR clusters are not yet understood. To examine this, we used myotubes cultured on agrin patches that induce AChR clustering in a two-dimensional manner. We show that expression of a CLASP2 mutant, in which the nine GSK3 target serines are mutated to alanine (CLASP2-9XS/9XA) and are resistant to GSK3β-dependent phosphorylation, promotes MT capture at clusters and increases AChR cluster size, compared with myotubes that express similar levels of wild type CLASP2 or that are noninfected. Conversely, myotubes expressing a phosphomimetic form of CLASP2 (CLASP2-8XS/D) show enrichment of immobile mutant CLASP2 in clusters, but MT capture and AChR cluster size are reduced. Taken together, our data suggest that both GSK3β-dependent phosphorylation and the level of CLASP2 play a role in the maintenance of AChR cluster size through the regulated capture and release of MT plus-ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Basu
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland,; Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Sladecek
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hayley Pemble
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, and
| | - Torsten Wittmann
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, and
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Hans-Rudolf Brenner
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland,.
| | - Niels Galjart
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, Netherlands,.
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40
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Gardiol A, St Johnston D. Staufen targets coracle mRNA to Drosophila neuromuscular junctions and regulates GluRIIA synaptic accumulation and bouton number. Dev Biol 2014; 392:153-67. [PMID: 24951879 PMCID: PMC4111903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The post-synaptic translation of localised mRNAs has been postulated to underlie several forms of plasticity at vertebrate synapses, but the mechanisms that target mRNAs to these postsynaptic sites are not well understood. Here we show that the evolutionary conserved dsRNA binding protein, Staufen, localises to the postsynaptic side of the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ), where it is required for the localisation of coracle mRNA and protein. Staufen plays a well-characterised role in the localisation of oskar mRNA to the oocyte posterior, where Staufen dsRNA-binding domain 5 is specifically required for its translation. Removal of Staufen dsRNA-binding domain 5, disrupts the postsynaptic accumulation of Coracle protein without affecting the localisation of cora mRNA, suggesting that Staufen similarly regulates Coracle translation. Tropomyosin II, which functions with Staufen in oskar mRNA localisation, is also required for coracle mRNA localisation, suggesting that similar mechanisms target mRNAs to the NMJ and the oocyte posterior. Coracle, the orthologue of vertebrate band 4.1, functions in the anchoring of the glutamate receptor IIA subunit (GluRIIA) at the synapse. Consistent with this, staufen mutant larvae show reduced accumulation of GluRIIA at synapses. The NMJs of staufen mutant larvae have also a reduced number of synaptic boutons. Altogether, this suggests that this novel Staufen-dependent mRNA localisation and local translation pathway may play a role in the developmentally regulated growth of the NMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gardiol
- The WellcomeCRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel St Johnston
- The WellcomeCRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, United Kingdom.
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41
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Pratt SJP, Shah SB, Ward CW, Kerr JP, Stains JP, Lovering RM. Recovery of altered neuromuscular junction morphology and muscle function in mdx mice after injury. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:153-64. [PMID: 24947322 PMCID: PMC4282693 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating neuromuscular disease in which weakness, increased susceptibility to muscle injury, and inadequate repair underlie the pathology. While most attention has focused within the muscle fiber, we recently demonstrated significant alterations in the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology and resulting neuromuscular transmission failure (NTF) 24 h after injury in mdx mice (murine model for DMD). Here we determine the contribution of NMJ morphology and NTF to the recovery of muscle contractile function post-injury. NMJ morphology and NTF rates were assessed day 0 (immediately after injury) and days 1, 7, 14 and 21 after quadriceps injury. Eccentric injury of the quadriceps resulted in a significant loss of maximal torque in both WT (39 ± 6 %) and mdx (76 ± 8 %) with a full recovery in WT by day 7 and in mdx by day 21. Post-injury alterations in NMJ morphology and NTF were found only in mdx, were limited to days 0 and 1, and were independent of changes in MuSK or AChR expression. Such early changes at the NMJ after injury are consistent with mechanical disruption rather than newly forming NMJs. Furthermore, we show that the dense microtubule network that underlies the NMJ is significantly reduced and disorganized in mdx compared to WT. These structural changes at the NMJ may play a role in the increased NMJ disruption and the exaggerated loss of nerve-evoked muscle force seen after injury to dystrophic muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. P. Pratt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 Penn St. AHB, Room 540, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Sameer B. Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Jaclyn P. Kerr
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Joseph P. Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 Penn St. AHB, Room 540, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Richard M. Lovering
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 Penn St. AHB, Room 540, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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42
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Dürnberger G, Camurdanoglu BZ, Tomschik M, Schutzbier M, Roitinger E, Hudecz O, Mechtler K, Herbst R. Global analysis of muscle-specific kinase signaling by quantitative phosphoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:1993-2003. [PMID: 24899341 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.036087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the neuromuscular synapse depends on signaling processes that involve protein phosphorylation as a crucial regulatory event. Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) is the key signaling molecule at the neuromuscular synapse whose activity is required for the formation of a mature and functional synapse. However, the signaling cascade downstream of MuSK and the regulation of the different components are still poorly understood. In this study we used a quantitative phosphoproteomics approach to study the phosphorylation events and their temporal regulation downstream of MuSK. We identified a total of 10,183 phosphopeptides, of which 203 were significantly up- or down-regulated. Regulated phosphopeptides were classified into four different clusters according to their temporal profiles. Within these clusters we found an overrepresentation of specific protein classes associated with different cellular functions. In particular, we found an enrichment of regulated phosphoproteins involved in posttranscriptional mechanisms and in cytoskeletal organization. These findings provide novel insights into the complex signaling network downstream of MuSK and form the basis for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Dürnberger
- From the ‡Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; §Institute for Molecular Pathology (IMP), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria; ¶Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bahar Z Camurdanoglu
- ‖Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Tomschik
- ‖Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schutzbier
- From the ‡Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; §Institute for Molecular Pathology (IMP), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Roitinger
- §Institute for Molecular Pathology (IMP), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria; ¶Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Hudecz
- §Institute for Molecular Pathology (IMP), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria; ¶Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Mechtler
- §Institute for Molecular Pathology (IMP), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria; ¶Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Herbst
- ‖Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria; ‡‡Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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43
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Wang JY, Chen F, Fu XQ, Ding CS, Zhou L, Zhang XH, Luo ZG. Caspase-3 cleavage of dishevelled induces elimination of postsynaptic structures. Dev Cell 2014; 28:670-84. [PMID: 24631402 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During the development of vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ), agrin stabilizes, whereas acetylcholine (ACh) destabilizes AChR clusters, leading to the refinement of synaptic connections. The intracellular mechanism underlying this counteractive interaction remains elusive. Here, we show that caspase-3, the effector protease involved in apoptosis, mediates elimination of AChR clusters. We found that caspase-3 was activated by cholinergic stimulation of cultured muscle cells without inducing cell apoptosis and that this activation was prevented by agrin. Interestingly, inhibition of caspase-3 attenuated ACh agonist-induced dispersion of AChR clusters. Furthermore, we identified Dishevelled1 (Dvl1), a Wnt signaling protein involved in AChR clustering, as the substrate of caspase-3. Blocking Dvl1 cleavage prevented induced dispersion of AChR clusters. Finally, inhibition or genetic ablation of caspase-3 or expression of a caspase-3-resistant form of Dvl1 caused stabilization of aneural AChR clusters. Thus, caspase-3 plays an important role in the elimination of postsynaptic structures during the development of NMJs.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/antagonists & inhibitors
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Agrin/physiology
- Animals
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Dishevelled Proteins
- Electrophysiology
- Embryo, Mammalian/cytology
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Motor Neurons/cytology
- Motor Neurons/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Neuromuscular Junction/physiology
- Phosphoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Cholinergic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Synaptic Potentials/physiology
- Synaptic Transmission
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yuan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiu-Qing Fu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chuang-Shi Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 319 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhen-Ge Luo
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 319 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Deng Y, Xiong Z, Chen P, Wei J, Chen S, Yan Z. β-amyloid impairs the regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by glycogen synthase kinase 3. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:449-59. [PMID: 24094580 PMCID: PMC7034321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional kinase implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the synaptic actions of GSK-3 in AD conditions are largely unknown. In this study, we examined the impact of GSK-3 on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) channels, the major mediator of synaptic plasticity. Application of GSK-3 inhibitors or knockdown of GSK-3 caused a significant reduction of NMDAR-mediated ionic and synaptic current in cortical neurons, whereas this effect of GSK-3 was impaired in cortical neurons treated with β-amyloid (Aβ) or from transgenic mice overexpressing mutant amyloid precursor protein. GSK-3 activity was elevated by Aβ, and GSK-3 inhibitors failed to decrease the surface expression of NMDA receptor NR1 (NR1) and NR1/postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) interaction in amyloid precursor protein mice, which was associated with the diminished GSK-3 regulation of Rab5 activity that mediates NMDAR internalization. Consequently, GSK-3 inhibitor lost the capability of protecting neurons against N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity in Aβ-treated neurons. These results have provided a novel mechanism underlying the involvement of GSK-3 in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Deng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Zhe Xiong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Paul Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jing Wei
- VA Western New York Healthcare System, 3495 Bailey Ave, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- VA Western New York Healthcare System, 3495 Bailey Ave, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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45
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A defect in the CLIP1 gene (CLIP-170) can cause autosomal recessive intellectual disability. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:331-6. [PMID: 24569606 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of a comprehensive research project, investigating novel autosomal recessive intellectual disability (ARID) genes, linkage analysis based on autozygosity mapping helped identify an intellectual disability locus on Chr.12q24, in an Iranian family (LOD score = 3.7). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) following exon enrichment in this novel interval, detected a nonsense mutation (p.Q1010*) in the CLIP1 gene. CLIP1 encodes a member of microtubule (MT) plus-end tracking proteins, which specifically associates with the ends of growing MTs. These proteins regulate MT dynamic behavior and are important for MT-mediated transport over the length of axons and dendrites. As such, CLIP1 may have a role in neuronal development. We studied lymphoblastoid and skin fibroblast cell lines established from healthy and affected patients. RT-PCR and western blot analyses showed the absence of CLIP1 transcript and protein in lymphoblastoid cells derived from affected patients. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analyses showed MT plus-end staining only in fibroblasts containing the wild-type (and not the mutant) CLIP1 protein. Collectively, our data suggest that defects in CLIP1 may lead to ARID.
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46
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Shahbazi MN, Perez-Moreno M. Microtubules CLASP to Adherens Junctions in epidermal progenitor cells. BIOARCHITECTURE 2014; 4:25-30. [PMID: 24522006 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.28177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cadherin-mediated cell adhesion at Adherens Junctions (AJs) and its dynamic connections with the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton are important regulators of cellular architecture. However, the functional relevance of these interactions and the molecular players involved in different cellular contexts and cellular compartments are still not completely understood. Here, we comment on our recent findings showing that the MT plus-end binding protein CLASP2 interacts with the AJ component p120-catenin (p120) specifically in progenitor epidermal cells. Absence of either protein leads to alterations in MT dynamics and AJ functionality. These findings represent a novel mechanism of MT targeting to AJs that may be relevant for the maintenance of proper epidermal progenitor cell homeostasis. We also discuss the potential implication of other MT binding proteins previously associated to AJs in the wider context of epithelial tissues. We hypothesize the existence of adaptation mechanisms that regulate the formation and stability of AJs in different cellular contexts to allow the dynamic behavior of these complexes during tissue homeostasis and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta N Shahbazi
- Epithelial Cell Biology Lab; Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) Foundation; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) Cancer Cell Biology Program; Madrid, Spain
| | - Mirna Perez-Moreno
- Epithelial Cell Biology Lab; Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) Foundation; Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO) Cancer Cell Biology Program; Madrid, Spain
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47
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Oddoux S, Zaal KJ, Tate V, Kenea A, Nandkeolyar SA, Reid E, Liu W, Ralston E. Microtubules that form the stationary lattice of muscle fibers are dynamic and nucleated at Golgi elements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 203:205-13. [PMID: 24145165 PMCID: PMC3812964 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201304063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Live imaging reveals that muscle microtubules are highly dynamic and build a durable network nucleated by static Golgi elements. Skeletal muscle microtubules (MTs) form a nonclassic grid-like network, which has so far been documented in static images only. We have now observed and analyzed dynamics of GFP constructs of MT and Golgi markers in single live fibers and in the whole mouse muscle in vivo. Using confocal, intravital, and superresolution microscopy, we find that muscle MTs are dynamic, growing at the typical speed of ∼9 µm/min, and forming small bundles that build a durable network. We also show that static Golgi elements, associated with the MT-organizing center proteins γ-tubulin and pericentrin, are major sites of muscle MT nucleation, in addition to the previously identified sites (i.e., nuclear membranes). These data give us a framework for understanding how muscle MTs organize and how they contribute to the pathology of muscle diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Oddoux
- Light Imaging Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Nakamura S, Grigoriev I, Nogi T, Hamaji T, Cassimeris L, Mimori-Kiyosue Y. Dissecting the nanoscale distributions and functions of microtubule-end-binding proteins EB1 and ch-TOG in interphase HeLa cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51442. [PMID: 23251535 PMCID: PMC3520847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the EB1 and XMAP215/TOG families of microtubule binding proteins have been demonstrated to bind autonomously to the growing plus ends of microtubules and regulate their behaviour in in vitro systems. However, their functional redundancy or difference in cells remains obscure. Here, we compared the nanoscale distributions of EB1 and ch-TOG along microtubules using high-resolution microscopy techniques, and also their roles in microtubule organisation in interphase HeLa cells. The ch-TOG accumulation sites protruded ∼100 nm from the EB1 comets. Overexpression experiments showed that ch-TOG and EB1 did not interfere with each other’s localisation, confirming that they recognise distinct regions at the ends of microtubules. While both EB1 and ch-TOG showed similar effects on microtubule plus end dynamics and additively increased microtubule dynamicity, only EB1 exhibited microtubule-cell cortex attachment activity. These observations indicate that EB1 and ch-TOG regulate microtubule organisation differently via distinct regions in the plus ends of microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Nakamura
- Optical Image Analysis Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ilya Grigoriev
- Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Taisaku Nogi
- Optical Image Analysis Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hamaji
- Optical Image Analysis Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Lynne Cassimeris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuko Mimori-Kiyosue
- Optical Image Analysis Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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49
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Leslie M. CLASPing microtubules to the membrane. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2012. [PMCID: PMC3413360 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.1983iti3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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