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Pelaz SG, Flores-Hernández R, Vujic T, Schvartz D, Álvarez-Vázquez A, Ding Y, García-Vicente L, Belloso A, Talaverón R, Sánchez JC, Tabernero A. A proteomic approach supports the clinical relevance of TAT-Cx43 266-283 in glioblastoma. Transl Res 2024; 272:95-110. [PMID: 38876188 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain cancer. The Src inhibitor, TAT-Cx43266-283, exerts antitumor effects in in vitro and in vivo models of GBM. Because addressing the mechanism of action is essential to translate these results to a clinical setting, in this study we carried out an unbiased proteomic approach. Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry proteomics allowed the identification of 190 proteins whose abundance was modified by TAT-Cx43266-283. Our results were consistent with the inhibition of Src as the mechanism of action of TAT-Cx43266-283 and unveiled antitumor effectors, such as p120 catenin. Changes in the abundance of several proteins suggested that TAT-Cx43266-283 may also impact the brain microenvironment. Importantly, the proteins whose abundance was reduced by TAT-Cx43266-283 correlated with an improved GBM patient survival in clinical datasets and none of the proteins whose abundance was increased by TAT-Cx43266-283 correlated with shorter survival, supporting its use in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G Pelaz
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain.
| | - Raquel Flores-Hernández
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Tatjana Vujic
- Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Lausanne Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Domitille Schvartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Proteomics Core Facility, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Álvarez-Vázquez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Yuxin Ding
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Laura García-Vicente
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Aitana Belloso
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Rocío Talaverón
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | | | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca, 37007, Spain.
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2
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Nätynki A, Kokkonen N, Tuusa J, Ohlmeier S, Bergmann U, Tasanen K. Proteomic changes related to actin cytoskeleton function in the skin of vildagliptin-treated mice. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 113:121-129. [PMID: 38326167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) is a widely used type 2 diabetes medication that is associated with an up-to 10-fold increased risk for the development of bullous pemphigoid (BP), an autoimmune skin disease. The mechanism by which vildagliptin promotes the development of BP remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To elucidate effects of vildagliptin treatment on the mouse cutaneous proteome. METHODS We analyzed the cutaneous proteome of nondiabetic mice treated for 12 weeks with vildagliptin using label-free shotgun mass spectrometry (MS), two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Although vildagliptin treatment did not cause any clinical signs or histological changes in the skin, separate MS and 2D-DIGE analyses revealed altered cutaneous expression of several proteins, many of which were related to actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Altogether 18 proteins were increased and 40 were decreased in the vildagliptin-treated mouse skin. Both methods revealed increased levels of beta-actin and C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC2 in vildagliptin-treated mice. However, elevated levels of a specific moesin variant in vildagliptin-treated animals were only detected with 2D-DIGE. Immunohistochemical staining showed altered cutaneous expression of DPP-4, moesin, and galectin-1. The changed proteins detected by MS and 2D-DIGE were linked to actin cytoskeleton remodeling, transport, cell movement and organelle assembly. CONCLUSION Vildagliptin treatment alters the cutaneous proteome of nondiabetic mice even without clinical signs in the skin. Cytoskeletal changes in the presence of other triggering factors may provoke a break of immune tolerance and further promote the development of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Nätynki
- Department of Dermatology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nina Kokkonen
- Department of Dermatology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jussi Tuusa
- Department of Dermatology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Steffen Ohlmeier
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facilities, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulrich Bergmann
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facilities, Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kaisa Tasanen
- Department of Dermatology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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3
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Thüring EM, Hartmann C, Schwietzer YA, Ebnet K. TMIGD1: Emerging functions of a tumor supressor and adhesion receptor. Oncogene 2023:10.1038/s41388-023-02696-5. [PMID: 37087524 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms depends on cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that connect cells to build tissues. The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) constitutes one of the largest families of CAMs. Members of this family regulate such diverse processes like synapse formation, spermatogenesis, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, or epithelial cell-cell adhesion. Through their extracellular domains, they undergo homophilic and heterophilic interactions in cis and trans. Their cytoplasmic domains frequently bind scaffolding proteins to assemble signaling complexes. Transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 1 (TMIGD1) is a IgSF member with two Ig-like domains and a short cytoplasmic tail that contains a PDZ domain-binding motif. Recent observations indicate that TMIGD1 has pleiotropic functions in epithelial cells and has a critical role in suppressing malignant cell behavior. Here, we review the molecular characteristics of TMIGD1, its interaction with cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins, the regulation of its expression, and its downregulation in colorectal and renal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Thüring
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ysabel A Schwietzer
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-associated Research Group "Cell adhesion and cell polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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4
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Carvalho AM, Reis RL, Pashkuleva I. Hyaluronan Receptors as Mediators and Modulators of the Tumor Microenvironment. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202118. [PMID: 36373221 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a dynamic and complex matter shaped by heterogenous cancer and cancer-associated cells present at the tumor site. Hyaluronan (HA) is a major TME component that plays pro-tumorigenic and carcinogenic functions. These functions are mediated by different hyaladherins expressed by cancer and tumor-associated cells triggering downstream signaling pathways that determine cell fate and contribute to TME progression toward a carcinogenic state. Here, the interaction of HA is reviewed with several cell-surface hyaladherins-CD44, RHAMM, TLR2 and 4, LYVE-1, HARE, and layilin. The signaling pathways activated by these interactions and the respective response of different cell populations within the TME, and the modulation of the TME, are discussed. Potential cancer therapies via targeting these interactions are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Carvalho
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, 4805-017, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
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5
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Dunkley S, Mogessie B. Actin limits egg aneuploidies associated with female reproductive aging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadc9161. [PMID: 36662854 PMCID: PMC9858517 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related centromeric cohesion loss underlies premature separation of sister chromatids and egg aneuploidy in reproductively older females. Here, we show that F-actin maintains chromatid association after cohesion deterioration in aged eggs. F-actin disruption in aged mouse eggs exacerbated untimely dissociation of sister chromatids, while its removal in young eggs induced extensive chromatid separation events generally only seen in advanced reproductive ages. In young eggs containing experimentally reduced cohesion, F-actin removal accelerated premature splitting and scattering of sister chromatids in a microtubule dynamics-dependent manner, suggesting that actin counteracts chromatid-pulling spindle forces. Consistently, F-actin stabilization restricted scattering of unpaired chromatids generated by complete degradation of centromeric cohesion proteins. We conclude that actin mitigates egg aneuploidies arising from age-related cohesion depletion by limiting microtubule-driven separation and dispersion of sister chromatids. This is supported by our finding that spindle-associated F-actin structures are disrupted in eggs of reproductively older females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Dunkley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Binyam Mogessie
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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6
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Sun X, Huang B, Pan Y, Fang J, Wang H, Ji Y, Ling Y, Guo P, Lin J, Li Q, Fang Y, Wu J. Spatiotemporal characteristics of P-selectin-induced β 2 integrin activation of human neutrophils under flow. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1023865. [PMID: 36439190 PMCID: PMC9692129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of integrins is crucial for recruitment of flowing leukocytes to inflammatory or injured vascular sites, but their spatiotemporal characteristics are incompletely understood. We discovered that β2-integrin activation over the entire surface of neutrophils on immobilized P-selectin occurred via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or non-MAPK signaling with a minute-level timescale in a force-dependent manner. In flow, MAPK signaling required intracellular Ca2+ release to activate integrin within 2 min. Integrin activation via non-MAPK signaling occurred first locally in the vicinity of ligated P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) within sub-seconds, and then over the entire cell surface within 1 min in an extracellular Ca2+ influx-dependent manner. The transition from a local (but rapid) to global (but slow) activation mode was triggered by ligating the freshly activated integrin. Lipid rafts, moesin, actin, and talin were involved in non-MAPK signaling. Fluid loads had a slight effect on local integrin activation with a second-level timescale, but served as enhancers of global integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Sun
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Pan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Fang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hefeng Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanru Ji
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingchen Ling
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Guo
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangguo Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quhuan Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Fang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Tomaz LB, Liu BA, Meroshini M, Ong SLM, Tan EK, Tolwinski NS, Williams CS, Gingras AC, Leushacke M, Dunn NR. MCC is a centrosomal protein that relocalizes to non-centrosomal apical sites during intestinal cell differentiation. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259272. [PMID: 36217793 PMCID: PMC10658790 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) encodes a coiled-coil protein implicated, as its name suggests, in the pathogenesis of hereditary human colon cancer. To date, however, the contributions of MCC to intestinal homeostasis and disease remain unclear. Here, we examine the subcellular localization of MCC, both at the mRNA and protein levels, in the adult intestinal epithelium. Our findings reveal that Mcc transcripts are restricted to proliferating crypt cells, including Lgr5+ stem cells, where the Mcc protein is distinctly associated with the centrosome. Upon intestinal cellular differentiation, Mcc is redeployed to the apical domain of polarized villus cells where non-centrosomal microtubule organizing centers (ncMTOCs) are positioned. Using intestinal organoids, we show that the shuttling of the Mcc protein depends on phosphorylation by casein kinases 1δ and ε, which are critical modulators of WNT signaling. Together, our findings support a role for MCC in establishing and maintaining the cellular architecture of the intestinal epithelium as a component of both the centrosome and ncMTOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian B. Tomaz
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Bernard A. Liu
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Meroshini M
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
| | - Sheena L. M. Ong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Ee Kim Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | | | | | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Marc Leushacke
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 308232, Singapore
| | - N. Ray Dunn
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 308232, Singapore
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8
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Leguay K, Decelle B, Elkholi IE, Bouvier M, Côté JF, Carréno S. Interphase microtubule disassembly is a signaling cue that drives cell rounding at mitotic entry. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213183. [PMID: 35482006 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202109065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
At mitotic entry, reorganization of the actomyosin cortex prompts cells to round-up. Proteins of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin family (ERM) play essential roles in this process by linking actomyosin forces to the plasma membrane. Yet, the cell-cycle signal that activates ERMs at mitotic entry is unknown. By screening a compound library using newly developed biosensors, we discovered that drugs that disassemble microtubules promote ERM activation. We further demonstrated that disassembly of interphase microtubules at mitotic entry directs ERM activation and metaphase cell rounding through GEF-H1, a Rho-GEF inhibited by microtubule binding, RhoA, and its kinase effector SLK. We finally demonstrated that GEF-H1 and Ect2, another Rho-GEF previously identified to control actomyosin forces, act together to drive activation of ERMs and cell rounding in metaphase. In summary, we report microtubule disassembly as a cell-cycle signal that controls a signaling network ensuring that actomyosin forces are efficiently integrated at the plasma membrane to promote cell rounding at mitotic entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Leguay
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barbara Decelle
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Islam E Elkholi
- Montréal Clinical Research Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Migration lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,institution>Molecular Pharmacology Lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Montréal Clinical Research Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Cytoskeletal Organization and Cell Migration lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Carréno
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility lab, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Multiple asters organize the yolk microtubule network during dclk2-GFP zebrafish epiboly. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4072. [PMID: 35260695 PMCID: PMC8904445 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that the organization of microtubule (MT) networks in cells is orchestrated by subcellular structures named MT organizing centers (MTOCs). In this work, we use Light Sheet Fluorescence and Confocal Microscopy to investigate how the MT network surrounding the spherical yolk is arranged in the dclk2-GFP zebrafish transgenic line. We found that during epiboly the MT network is organized by multiple aster-like MTOCS. These structures form rings around the yolk sphere. Importantly, in wt embryos, aster-like MTOCs are only found upon pharmacological or genetic induction. Using our microscopy approach, we underscore the variability in the number of such asters in the transgenic line and report on the variety of global configurations of the yolk MT network. The asters’ morphology, dynamics, and their distribution in the yolk sphere are also analyzed. We propose that these features are tightly linked to epiboly timing and geometry. Key molecules are identified which support this asters role as MTOCs, where MT nucleation and growth take place. We conclude that the yolk MT network of dclk2-GFP transgenic embryos can be used as a model to organize microtubules in a spherical geometry by means of multiple MTOCs.
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10
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A biophysical perspective of the regulatory mechanisms of ezrin/radixin/moesin proteins. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:199-208. [PMID: 35340609 PMCID: PMC8921360 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many signal transductions resulting from ligand-receptor interactions occur at the cell surface. These signaling pathways play essential roles in cell polarization, membrane morphogenesis, and the modulation of membrane tension at the cell surface. However, due to the large number of membrane-binding proteins, including actin-membrane linkers, and transmembrane proteins present at the cell surface, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation at the cell surface are yet unclear. Here, we describe the molecular functions of one of the key players at the cell surface, ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins from a biophysical point of view. We focus our discussion on biophysical properties of ERM proteins revealed by using biophysical tools in live cells and in vitro reconstitution systems. We first describe the structural properties of ERM proteins and then discuss the interactions of ERM proteins with PI(4,5)P2 and the actin cytoskeleton. These properties of ERM proteins revealed by using biophysical approaches have led to a better understanding of their physiological functions in cells and tissues. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12551-021-00928-0.
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11
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Rahimi N, Ho RXY, Chandler KB, De La Cena KOC, Amraei R, Mitchel AJ, Engblom N, Costello CE. The cell adhesion molecule TMIGD1 binds to moesin and regulates tubulin acetylation and cell migration. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:61. [PMID: 34503512 PMCID: PMC8427838 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00757-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cell adhesion molecule transmembrane and immunoglobulin (Ig) domain containing1 (TMIGD1) is a novel tumor suppressor that plays important roles in regulating cell–cell adhesion, cell proliferation and cell cycle. However, the mechanisms of TMIGD1 signaling are not yet fully elucidated. Results TMIGD1 binds to the ERM family proteins moesin and ezrin, and an evolutionarily conserved RRKK motif on the carboxyl terminus of TMIGD1 mediates the interaction of TMIGD1 with the N-terminal ERM domains of moesin and ezrin. TMIGD1 governs the apical localization of moesin and ezrin, as the loss of TMIGD1 in mice altered apical localization of moesin and ezrin in epithelial cells. In cell culture, TMIGD1 inhibited moesin-induced filopodia-like protrusions and cell migration. More importantly, TMIGD1 stimulated the Lysine (K40) acetylation of α-tubulin and promoted mitotic spindle organization and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of moesin impaired the TMIGD1-mediated acetylation of α-tubulin and filamentous (F)-actin organization. Conclusions TMIGD1 binds to moesin and ezrin, and regulates their cellular localization. Moesin plays critical roles in TMIGD1-dependent acetylation of α-tubulin, mitotic spindle organization and cell migration. Our findings offer a molecular framework for understanding the complex functional interplay between TMIGD1 and the ERM family proteins in the regulation of cell adhesion and mitotic spindle assembly, and have wide-ranging implications in physiological and pathological processes such as cancer progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-021-00757-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Rachel X Y Ho
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kevin Brown Chandler
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | | | - Razie Amraei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ashley J Mitchel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Nels Engblom
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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12
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Huang SC, Vu LV, Yu FH, Nguyen DT, Benz EJ. Multifunctional protein 4.1R regulates the asymmetric segregation of Numb during terminal erythroid maturation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101051. [PMID: 34364872 PMCID: PMC8408529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The asymmetric cell division of stem or progenitor cells generates daughter cells with distinct fates that balance proliferation and differentiation. Asymmetric segregation of Notch signaling regulatory protein Numb plays a crucial role in cell diversification. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examined the unequal distribution of Numb in the daughter cells of murine erythroleukemia cells (MELCs) that undergo DMSO-induced erythroid differentiation. In contrast to the cytoplasmic localization of Numb during uninduced cell division, Numb is concentrated at the cell boundary in interphase, near the one-spindle pole in metaphase, and is unequally distributed to one daughter cell in anaphase in induced cells. The inheritance of Numb guides this daughter cell toward erythroid differentiation while the other cell remains a progenitor cell. Mitotic spindle orientation, critical for distribution of cell fate determinants, requires complex communication between the spindle microtubules and the cell cortex mediated by the NuMA-LGN-dynein/dynactin complex. Depletion of each individual member of the complex randomizes the position of Numb relative to the mitotic spindle. Gene replacement confirms that multifunctional erythrocyte protein 4.1R (4.1R) functions as a member of the NuMA-LGN-dynein/dynactin complex and is necessary for regulating spindle orientation, in which interaction between 4.1R and NuMA plays an important role. These results suggest that mispositioning of Numb is the result of spindle misorientation. Finally, disruption of the 4.1R-NuMA-LGN complex increases Notch signaling and decreases the erythroblast population. Together, our results identify a critical role for 4.1R in regulating the asymmetric segregation of Numb to mediate erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ching Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Long V Vu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Faye H Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan T Nguyen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward J Benz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Leukemia Program, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Molecular basis of functional exchangeability between ezrin and other actin-membrane associated proteins during cytokinesis. Exp Cell Res 2021; 403:112600. [PMID: 33862101 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism that mediates the interaction between the contractile ring and the plasma membrane during cytokinesis remains elusive. We previously found that ERM (Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin) proteins, which usually mediate cellular pole contraction, become over-accumulated at the cell equator and support furrow ingression upon the loss of other actin-membrane associated proteins, anillin and supervillin. In this study, we addressed the molecular basis of the exchangeability between ezrin and other actin-membrane associated proteins in mediating cortical contraction during cytokinesis. We found that depletion of anillin and supervillin caused over-accumulation of the membrane-associated FERM domain and actin-binding C-terminal domain (C-term) of ezrin at the cleavage furrow, respectively. This finding suggests that ezrin differentially shares its binding sites with these proteins on the actin cytoskeleton or inner membrane surface. Using chimeric mutants, we found that ezrin C-term, but not the FERM domain, can substitute for the corresponding anillin domains in cytokinesis and cell proliferation. On the other hand, either the membrane-associated or the actin/myosin-binding domains of anillin could not substitute for the corresponding ezrin domains in controlling cortical blebbing at the cell poles. Our results highlight specific designs of actin- or membrane-associated moieties of different actin-membrane associated proteins with limited exchangeability, which enables them to support diverse cortical activities on the shared actin-membrane interface during cytokinesis.
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14
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Leguay K, Decelle B, He YY, Pagniez A, Hogue M, Kobayashi H, Le Gouill C, Bouvier M, Carréno S. Development of conformational BRET biosensors that monitor ezrin, radixin and moesin activation in real time. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237806. [PMID: 33712451 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, radixin and moesin compose the family of ERM proteins. They link actin filaments and microtubules to the plasma membrane to control signaling and cell morphogenesis. Importantly, their activity promotes invasive properties of metastatic cells from different cancer origins. Therefore, a precise understanding of how these proteins are regulated is important for the understanding of the mechanism controlling cell shape, as well as providing new opportunities for the development of innovative cancer therapies. Here, we developed and characterized novel bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based conformational biosensors, compatible with high-throughput screening, that monitor individual ezrin, radixin or moesin activation in living cells. We showed that these biosensors faithfully monitor ERM activation and can be used to quantify the impact of small molecules, mutation of regulatory amino acids or depletion of upstream regulators on their activity. The use of these biosensors allowed us to characterize the activation process of ERMs that involves a pool of closed-inactive ERMs stably associated with the plasma membrane. Upon stimulation, we discovered that this pool serves as a cortical reserve that is rapidly activated before the recruitment of cytoplasmic ERMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Leguay
- Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility lab, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Barbara Decelle
- Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility lab, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Yu Yan He
- Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility lab, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Molecular pharmacology lab, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Anthony Pagniez
- Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility lab, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mireille Hogue
- Molecular pharmacology lab, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Molecular pharmacology lab, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Christian Le Gouill
- Molecular pharmacology lab, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Molecular pharmacology lab, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sébastien Carréno
- Cellular Mechanisms of Morphogenesis during Mitosis and Cell Motility lab, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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15
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De Jamblinne CV, Decelle B, Dehghani M, Joseph M, Sriskandarajah N, Leguay K, Rambaud B, Lemieux S, Roux PP, Hipfner DR, Carréno S. STRIPAK regulates Slik localization to control mitotic morphogenesis and epithelial integrity. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152107. [PMID: 32960945 PMCID: PMC7594492 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201911035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) family control cell and tissue morphogenesis. We previously reported that moesin, the only ERM in Drosophila, controls mitotic morphogenesis and epithelial integrity. We also found that the Pp1-87B phosphatase dephosphorylates moesin, counteracting its activation by the Ste20-like kinase Slik. To understand how this signaling pathway is itself regulated, we conducted a genome-wide RNAi screen, looking for new regulators of moesin activity. We identified that Slik is a new member of the striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase complex (STRIPAK). We discovered that the phosphatase activity of STRIPAK reduces Slik phosphorylation to promote its cortical association and proper activation of moesin. Consistent with this finding, inhibition of STRIPAK phosphatase activity causes cell morphology defects in mitosis and impairs epithelial tissue integrity. Our results implicate the Slik–STRIPAK complex in the control of multiple morphogenetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Valérie De Jamblinne
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Programmes de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Barbara Decelle
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mehrnoush Dehghani
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Joseph
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Programmes de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Neera Sriskandarajah
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kévin Leguay
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Programmes de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Basile Rambaud
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Programmes de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Lemieux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Programmes de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David R Hipfner
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Programmes de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Carréno
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Programmes de biologie moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Pathologie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Lv Z, de-Carvalho J, Telley IA, Großhans J. Cytoskeletal mechanics and dynamics in the Drosophila syncytial embryo. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:134/4/jcs246496. [PMID: 33597155 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell and tissue functions rely on the genetic programmes and cascades of biochemical signals. It has become evident during the past decade that the physical properties of soft material that govern the mechanics of cells and tissues play an important role in cellular function and morphology. The biophysical properties of cells and tissues are determined by the cytoskeleton, consisting of dynamic networks of F-actin and microtubules, molecular motors, crosslinkers and other associated proteins, among other factors such as cell-cell interactions. The Drosophila syncytial embryo represents a simple pseudo-tissue, with its nuclei orderly embedded in a structured cytoskeletal matrix at the embryonic cortex with no physical separation by cellular membranes. Here, we review the stereotypic dynamics and regulation of the cytoskeleton in Drosophila syncytial embryos and how cytoskeletal dynamics underlies biophysical properties and the emergence of collective features. We highlight the specific features and processes of syncytial embryos and discuss the applicability of biophysical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Lv
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jorge de-Carvalho
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ivo A Telley
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jörg Großhans
- Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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17
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Liu ZY, Li B, Zhao ZL, Xu GK, Feng XQ, Gao H. Mesoscopic dynamic model of epithelial cell division with cell-cell junction effects. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:012405. [PMID: 32794908 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.012405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cell division is central for embryonic development, tissue morphogenesis, and tumor growth. Experiments have evidenced that mitotic cell division is manipulated by the intercellular cues such as cell-cell junctions. However, it still remains unclear how these cortical-associated cues mechanically affect the mitotic spindle machinery, which determines the position and orientation of the cell division. In this paper, a mesoscopic dynamic cell division model is established to explore the integrated regulations of cortical polarity, microtubule pulling forces, cell deformability, and internal osmotic pressure. We show that the distributed pulling forces of astral microtubules play a key role in encoding the instructive cortical cues to orient and position the spindle of a dividing cell. The present model can not only predict the spindle orientation and position, but also capture the morphological evolution of cell rounding. The theoretical results agree well with relevant experiments both qualitatively and quantitatively. This work sheds light on the mechanical linkage between cell cortex and mitotic spindle, and holds potential in regulating cell division and sculpting tissue morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zi-Long Zhao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guang-Kui Xu
- International Center for Applied Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore 138632, Singapore
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18
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Rizzelli F, Malabarba MG, Sigismund S, Mapelli M. The crosstalk between microtubules, actin and membranes shapes cell division. Open Biol 2020; 10:190314. [PMID: 32183618 PMCID: PMC7125961 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic progression is orchestrated by morphological and mechanical changes promoted by the coordinated activities of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton, the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane (PM). MTs assemble the mitotic spindle, which assists sister chromatid separation, and contact the rigid and tensile actomyosin cortex rounded-up underneath the PM. Here, we highlight the dynamic crosstalk between MTs, actin and cell membranes during mitosis, and discuss the molecular connections between them. We also summarize recent views on how MT traction forces, the actomyosin cortex and membrane trafficking contribute to spindle positioning in isolated cells in culture and in epithelial sheets. Finally, we describe the emerging role of membrane trafficking in synchronizing actomyosin tension and cell shape changes with cell–substrate adhesion, cell–cell contacts and extracellular signalling events regulating proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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19
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ERM Proteins at the Crossroad of Leukocyte Polarization, Migration and Intercellular Adhesion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041502. [PMID: 32098334 PMCID: PMC7073024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ezrin, radixin and moesin proteins (ERMs) are plasma membrane (PM) organizers that link the actin cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic tail of transmembrane proteins, many of which are adhesion receptors, in order to regulate the formation of F-actin-based structures (e.g., microspikes and microvilli). ERMs also effect transmission of signals from the PM into the cell, an action mainly exerted through the compartmentalized activation of the small Rho GTPases Rho, Rac and Cdc42. Ezrin and moesin are the ERMs more highly expressed in leukocytes, and although they do not always share functions, both are mainly regulated through phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) binding to the N-terminal band 4.1 protein-ERM (FERM) domain and phosphorylation of a conserved Thr in the C-terminal ERM association domain (C-ERMAD), exerting their functions through a wide assortment of mechanisms. In this review we will discuss some of these mechanisms, focusing on how they regulate polarization and migration in leukocytes, and formation of actin-based cellular structures like the phagocytic cup-endosome and the immune synapse in macrophages/neutrophils and lymphocytes, respectively, which represent essential aspects of the effector immune response.
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20
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Zhang SS, Hu JQ, Liu XH, Chen LX, Chen H, Guo XH, Huang QB. Role of Moesin Phosphorylation in Retinal Pericyte Migration and Detachment Induced by Advanced Glycation Endproducts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:603450. [PMID: 33312163 PMCID: PMC7708375 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.603450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) involves persistent, uncontrolled formation of premature blood vessels with reduced number of pericytes. Our previous work showed that advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) induced angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, mouse retina, and aortic ring, which was associated with moesin phosphorylation. Here we investigated whether moesin phosphorylation may contribute to pericyte detachment and the development of PDR. Primary retinal microvascular pericytes (RMPs) were isolated, purified from weanling rats, and identified by cellular markers α-SMA, PDGFR-β, NG2, and desmin using immunofluorescence microscopy. Effects of AGE-BSA on proliferation and migration of RMPs were examined using CCK-8, wound healing, and transwell assays. Effects on moesin phosphorylation were examined using western blotting. The RMP response to AGE-BSA was also examined when cells expressed the non-phosphorylatable Thr558Ala mutant or phospho-mimicking Thr558Asp mutant of moesin or were treated with ROCK inhibitor Y27632. Colocalization and interaction between CD44, phospho-moesin, and F-actin were observed. Experiments with cultured primary RMPs showed that AGE-BSA inhibited the proliferation, enhanced the migration, and increased moesin phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. AGE-BSA also triggered the rearrangement of F-actin and promoted the interaction of CD44 with phospho-moesin in RMPs. These effects were abrogated in cells expressing the non-phosphorylatable moesin mutant and the application of ROCK inhibitor Y27632 attenuated AGE-induced alteration in cultured RMPs by abolishing the phosphorylation of moesin. However, those AGE-induced pathological process occurred in RMPs expressed the phospho-mimicking moesin without AGE-BSA treatment. It is concluded that AGEs could activate ROCK to mediate moesin phosphorylation at Thr558, and resulting phospho-moesin interacts with CD44 to form CD44 cluster, which might stimulate the migration of RMPs and subsequent RMP detachment in microvessel. This pathway may provide new drug targets against immature neovessel formation in PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Shuang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qing Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Xian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Bing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Trauma Care Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiao-Bing Huang,
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21
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Zhovmer AS, Tabdanov ED, Miao H, Wen H, Chen J, Luo X, Ma X, Provenzano PP, Adelstein RS. The role of nonmuscle myosin 2A and 2B in the regulation of mesenchymal cell contact guidance. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1961-1973. [PMID: 31318315 PMCID: PMC6727766 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-01-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact guidance refers to the ability of cells to sense the geometrical features of the microenvironment and respond by changing their shape and adopting the appropriate orientation. Inhibition and ablation of nonmuscle myosin 2 (NM2) paralogues have demonstrated their importance for contact guidance. However, the specific roles of the NM2 paralogues have not been systematically studied. In this work we use micropatterned substrates to examine the roles of NM2A and NM2B and to elucidate the relationship of the microenvironment, actomyosin, and microtubules in contact guidance. We show that contact guidance is preserved following loss of NM2B and that expression of NM2A alone is sufficient to establish an appropriate orientation of the cells. Loss of NM2B and overexpression of NM2A result in a prominent cell polarization that is found to be linked to the increased alignment of microtubules with the actomyosin scaffold. Suppression of actomyosin with blebbistatin reduces cell polarity on a flat surface, but not on a surface with contact guidance cues. This indicates that the lost microtubule-actomyosin interactions are compensated for by microtubule-microenvironment interactions, which are sufficient to establish cell polarity through contact guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Zhovmer
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Erdem D Tabdanov
- Laboratory for Engineering in Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Houxun Miao
- Imaging Physics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Han Wen
- Imaging Physics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Jinqiu Chen
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xuefei Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Paolo P Provenzano
- Laboratory for Engineering in Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Robert S Adelstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20814
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22
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Mandati V, Del Maestro L, Dingli F, Lombard B, Loew D, Molinie N, Romero S, Bouvard D, Louvard D, Gautreau AM, Pasmant E, Lallemand D. Phosphorylation of Merlin by Aurora A kinase appears necessary for mitotic progression. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:12992-13005. [PMID: 31296571 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Merlin's function as a tumor suppressor and regulator of mitogenic signaling networks such as the Ras/rac, Akt, and Hippo pathways is well-documented, in mammals as well as in insects, its role during cell cycle progression remains unclear. In this study, using a combination of approaches, including FACS analysis, time-lapse imaging, immunofluorescence microscopy, and co-immunoprecipitation, we show that Ser-518 of Merlin is a substrate of the Aurora protein kinase A during mitosis and that its phosphorylation facilitates the phosphorylation of a newly discovered site, Thr-581. We found that the expression in HeLa cells of a Merlin variant that is phosphorylation-defective on both sites leads to a defect in centrosomes and mitotic spindles positioning during metaphase and delays the transition from metaphase to anaphase. We also show that the dual mitotic phosphorylation not only reduces Merlin binding to microtubules but also timely modulates ezrin interaction with the cytoskeleton. Finally, we identify several point mutants of Merlin associated with neurofibromatosis type 2 that display an aberrant phosphorylation profile along with defective α-tubulin-binding properties. Altogether, our findings of an Aurora A-mediated interaction of Merlin with α-tubulin and ezrin suggest a potential role for Merlin in cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Mandati
- CNRS, UMR144, Institute Curie, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Florent Dingli
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institute Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Bérangère Lombard
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institute Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Institute Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Molinie
- BIOC, CNRS UMR7654, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Stephane Romero
- BIOC, CNRS UMR7654, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Daniel Bouvard
- INSERM, Institut Albert Bonniot U823, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Daniel Louvard
- CNRS, UMR144, Institute Curie, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexis M Gautreau
- BIOC, CNRS UMR7654, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Eric Pasmant
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Lallemand
- CNRS, UMR144, Institute Curie, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France.
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23
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Hart M, Zulkipli I, Shrestha RL, Dang D, Conti D, Gul P, Kujawiak I, Draviam VM. MARK2/Par1b kinase present at centrosomes and retraction fibres corrects spindle off-centring induced by actin disassembly. Open Biol 2019; 9:180263. [PMID: 31238822 PMCID: PMC6597755 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue maintenance and development requires a directed plane of cell division. While it is clear that the division plane can be determined by retraction fibres that guide spindle movements, the precise molecular components of retraction fibres that control spindle movements remain unclear. We report MARK2/Par1b kinase as a novel component of actin-rich retraction fibres. A kinase-dead mutant of MARK2 reveals MARK2's ability to monitor subcellular actin status during interphase. During mitosis, MARK2's localization at actin-rich retraction fibres, but not the rest of the cortical membrane or centrosome, is dependent on its activity, highlighting a specialized spatial regulation of MARK2. By subtly perturbing the actin cytoskeleton, we reveal MARK2's role in correcting mitotic spindle off-centring induced by actin disassembly. We propose that MARK2 provides a molecular framework to integrate cortical signals and cytoskeletal changes in mitosis and interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Hart
- 1 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Ihsan Zulkipli
- 2 Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | | | - David Dang
- 1 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK.,3 Department of Informatics, King's College, London , London , UK
| | - Duccio Conti
- 1 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Parveen Gul
- 1 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Izabela Kujawiak
- 2 Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Viji M Draviam
- 1 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
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24
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Mao Z, Guan Y, Li T, Zhang L, Liu M, Xing B, Yao M, Chen M. Up regulation of miR-96-5p is responsible for TiO 2 NPs induced invasion dysfunction of human trophoblastic cells via disturbing Ezrin mediated cytoskeletons arrangement. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109125. [PMID: 31226636 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are used extensively in our daily lives, and their toxic effects on the placenta have been reported. Animal studies indicated that placental development is impaired after maternal exposure of TiO2 NPs, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present study, we used a human trophoblast-derived cell, HTR8-SVneo, to determine how TiO2 NPs affected placental functions, and found out potential reversal targets. TEM was employed for TiO2 NPs morphology observation and uptake assessment. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of both mRNA and miRNA, and western blotting was used for protein examination. Cell invasion ability was evaluated by Transwell assay, and cytoskeletons were observed by immunofluorescence combined with confocal microscope examination. We found that TiO2 NPs disrupted cytoskeletons and impaired cell invasion ability. Further investigations showed that TiO2 NPs increased the expression of a microRNA (miR-96-5p), which targeted and down-regulated the translation of EZR mRNA, a gene that encodes ezrin protein, and affected the cell cytoskeletons and ultimately cell invasion ability. When the expression of miR-96-5p was down-regulated, the expression level of ezrin protein was also reversed, and cell invasion ability was partially restored. Collectively, we determined how miR-96-5p mediates TiO2 NP-induced placental dysfunction, and provided a potential rescue target for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Mao
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China; Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Yusheng Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China; Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Ting Li
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China; Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China; Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Menglu Liu
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China; Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baoling Xing
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China; Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengmeng Yao
- Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Minjian Chen
- Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, 213022, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of the Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
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25
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Michie KA, Bermeister A, Robertson NO, Goodchild SC, Curmi PMG. Two Sides of the Coin: Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin and Merlin Control Membrane Structure and Contact Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081996. [PMID: 31018575 PMCID: PMC6515277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The merlin-ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) family of proteins plays a central role in linking the cellular membranes to the cortical actin cytoskeleton. Merlin regulates contact inhibition and is an integral part of cell–cell junctions, while ERM proteins, ezrin, radixin and moesin, assist in the formation and maintenance of specialized plasma membrane structures and membrane vesicle structures. These two protein families share a common evolutionary history, having arisen and separated via gene duplication near the origin of metazoa. During approximately 0.5 billion years of evolution, the merlin and ERM family proteins have maintained both sequence and structural conservation to an extraordinary level. Comparing crystal structures of merlin-ERM proteins and their complexes, a picture emerges of the merlin-ERM proteins acting as switchable interaction hubs, assembling protein complexes on cellular membranes and linking them to the actin cytoskeleton. Given the high level of structural conservation between the merlin and ERM family proteins we speculate that they may function together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine A Michie
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Adam Bermeister
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Neil O Robertson
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| | - Sophia C Goodchild
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
| | - Paul M G Curmi
- School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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26
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Zhang X, Li G, Guo Y, Song Y, Chen L, Ruan Q, Wang Y, Sun L, Hu Y, Zhou J, Ren B, Guo J. Regulation of ezrin tension by S-nitrosylation mediates non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis. Theranostics 2019; 9:2555-2571. [PMID: 31131053 PMCID: PMC6525990 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer invasion and metastasis depend on accurate and rapid modulation of both chemical and mechanical activities. The S-nitrosylation (SNO) of membrane cytoskeletal cross-linker protein ezrin may regulate the malignant process in a tension-dependent manner. Methods: The level of nitrosylated ezrin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and A549 cell line were evaluated by biotin-switch assay. A few cysteine mutated plasmids of ezrin were used to identify active site for SNO. Newly designed ezrin or mutated-ezrin tension probes based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) theory were applied to visually observe real-time tension changes. Cytoskeleton depolymerizing and motor molecular inhibiting experiments were performed to reveal the alternation of the mechanical property of ezrin after SNO. Transwell assays and xenograft mouse model were used to assess aggressiveness of A549 cells in different groups. Fluorescent staining was also applied to examine cellular location and structures. Results: High inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels were observed to induce ezrin-SNO, and then promote malignant behaviors of NSCLC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cys117 was identified as the only active site for ezrin-SNO. Meanwhile, an increased level of ezrin tension was observed after iNOS-induced SNO. Enhanced ezrin tension was positively correlated with aggressiveness of NSCLC. Moreover, Microfilament (MF) forces instead of microtubule (MT) forces played dominant roles in modulating ezrin tension, especially after ezrin nitrosylation. Conclusion: This study revealed a SNO-associated mechanism underlying the mechanical tension of ezrin. Ezrin-SNO promotes NSCLC cells invasion and metastasis through facilitating mechanical transduction from the cytoskeleton to the membrane. These studies implicate the therapeutic potential by targeting ezrin in the inhibition NSCLC invasion and metastasis.
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27
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Hughes SC, Simmonds AJ. Drosophila mRNA Localization During Later Development: Past, Present, and Future. Front Genet 2019; 10:135. [PMID: 30899273 PMCID: PMC6416162 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple mechanisms tightly regulate mRNAs during their transcription, translation, and degradation. Of these, the physical localization of mRNAs to specific cytoplasmic regions is relatively easy to detect; however, linking localization to functional regulatory roles has been more difficult to establish. Historically, Drosophila melanogaster is a highly effective model to identify localized mRNAs and has helped identify roles for this process by regulating various cell activities. The majority of the well-characterized functional roles for localizing mRNAs to sub-regions of the cytoplasm have come from the Drosophila oocyte and early syncytial embryo. At present, relatively few functional roles have been established for mRNA localization within the relatively smaller, differentiated somatic cell lineages characteristic of later development, beginning with the cellular blastoderm, and the multiple cell lineages that make up the gastrulating embryo, larva, and adult. This review is divided into three parts—the first outlines past evidence for cytoplasmic mRNA localization affecting aspects of cellular activity post-blastoderm development in Drosophila. The majority of these known examples come from highly polarized cell lineages such as differentiating neurons. The second part considers the present state of affairs where we now know that many, if not most mRNAs are localized to discrete cytoplasmic regions in one or more somatic cell lineages of cellularized embryos, larvae or adults. Assuming that the phenomenon of cytoplasmic mRNA localization represents an underlying functional activity, and correlation with the encoded proteins suggests that mRNA localization is involved in far more than neuronal differentiation. Thus, it seems highly likely that past-identified examples represent only a small fraction of localization-based mRNA regulation in somatic cells. The last part highlights recent technological advances that now provide an opportunity for probing the role of mRNA localization in Drosophila, moving beyond cataloging the diversity of localized mRNAs to a similar understanding of how localization affects mRNA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Hughes
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew J Simmonds
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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28
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Reilly ML, Stokman MF, Magry V, Jeanpierre C, Alves M, Paydar M, Hellinga J, Delous M, Pouly D, Failler M, Martinovic J, Loeuillet L, Leroy B, Tantau J, Roume J, Gregory-Evans CY, Shan X, Filges I, Allingham JS, Kwok BH, Saunier S, Giles RH, Benmerah A. Loss-of-function mutations in KIF14 cause severe microcephaly and kidney development defects in humans and zebrafish. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:778-795. [PMID: 30388224 PMCID: PMC6381319 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in KIF14 have previously been associated with either severe, isolated or syndromic microcephaly with renal hypodysplasia (RHD). Syndromic microcephaly-RHD was strongly reminiscent of clinical ciliopathies, relating to defects of the primary cilium, a signalling organelle present on the surface of many quiescent cells. KIF14 encodes a mitotic kinesin, which plays a key role at the midbody during cytokinesis and has not previously been shown to be involved in cilia-related functions. Here, we analysed four families with fetuses presenting with the syndromic form and harbouring biallelic variants in KIF14. Our functional analyses showed that the identified variants severely impact the activity of KIF14 and likely correspond to loss-of-function mutations. Analysis in human fetal tissues further revealed the accumulation of KIF14-positive midbody remnants in the lumen of ureteric bud tips indicating a shared function of KIF14 during brain and kidney development. Subsequently, analysis of a kif14 mutant zebrafish line showed a conserved role for this mitotic kinesin. Interestingly, ciliopathy-associated phenotypes were also present in mutant embryos, supporting a potential direct or indirect role for KIF14 at cilia. However, our in vitro and in vivo analyses did not provide evidence of a direct role for KIF14 in ciliogenesis and suggested that loss of kif14 causes ciliopathy-like phenotypes through an accumulation of mitotic cells in ciliated tissues. Altogether, our results demonstrate that KIF14 mutations result in a severe syndrome associating microcephaly and RHD through its conserved function in cytokinesis during kidney and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Louise Reilly
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Paris Diderot University, Department of Life Sciences, Paris, France
| | - Marijn F Stokman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, JE Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Virginie Magry
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Jeanpierre
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marine Alves
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Mohammadjavad Paydar
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Hellinga
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Marion Delous
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Pouly
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marion Failler
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jelena Martinovic
- Unit of Fetal Pathology, Antoine Béclère Hospital, AP-HP, Clamart, France
- INSERM U-788, Génétique/Neurogénétique, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurence Loeuillet
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker–Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Leroy
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy, Saint Germain en Laye, France
| | - Julia Tantau
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy, Saint Germain en Laye, France
| | - Joelle Roume
- Service de Génétique, Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Poissy, 78100 Saint Germain en Laye, France
| | - Cheryl Y Gregory-Evans
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xianghong Shan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Isabel Filges
- Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - John S Allingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Kwok
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Saunier
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Rachel H Giles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3512 JE Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
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Weng NJH, Cheung C, Talbot P. Dynamic blebbing: A bottleneck to human embryonic stem cell culture that can be overcome by Laminin-Integrin signaling. Stem Cell Res 2018; 33:233-246. [PMID: 30458343 PMCID: PMC6414319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes dynamic and apoptotic blebbing in human embryonic stem cells (hESC), identifies dynamic blebbing as a bottleneck to successful cell attachment during passaging, and demonstrates that dynamic blebbing can be rapidly stopped by plating cells on recombinant human laminin. In freshly plated hESC, dynamic and apoptotic blebbing differed in time of occurrence, bleb retraction rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase 3&7 activation. While dynamic blebbing can be controlled with drugs that inhibit myosin II, these methods have off-target effects and are not suitable for clinical applications. Recombinant human laminin-521 or addition of laminin-111 to Matrigel provided a safe method to drastically decrease dynamic blebbing and improve cell attachment with proteins normally found in the inner cell mass. Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase, which is activated by binding of integrins to laminin, prolonged dynamic blebbing and inhibited attachment. These data show that hESC bind rapidly to laminins through an integrin, which activates focal adhesion kinase that in turn downregulates dynamic blebbing. Laminins enabled hESC to rapidly attach during passaging, improved plating efficiency, enabled passaging of single pluripotent stem cells, and avoided use of inhibitors that have non-specific off-target effects. These data provide a strategy for improving hESC culture using biologically safe recombinant human proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Jo-Hao Weng
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Cell Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Cindy Cheung
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Prue Talbot
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Cell Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
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30
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31
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Boyer NP, Gupton SL. Revisiting Netrin-1: One Who Guides (Axons). Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:221. [PMID: 30108487 PMCID: PMC6080411 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper patterning of the nervous system requires that developing axons find appropriate postsynaptic partners; this entails microns to meters of extension through an extracellular milieu exhibiting a wide range of mechanical and chemical properties. Thus, the elaborate networks of fiber tracts and non-fasciculated axons evident in mature organisms are formed via complex pathfinding. The macroscopic structures of axon projections are highly stereotyped across members of the same species, indicating precise mechanisms guide their formation. The developing axon exhibits directionally biased growth toward or away from external guidance cues. One of the most studied guidance cues is netrin-1, however, its presentation in vivo remains debated. Guidance cues can be secreted to form soluble or chemotactic gradients or presented bound to cells or the extracellular matrix to form haptotactic gradients. The growth cone, a highly specialized dynamic structure at the end of the extending axon, detects these guidance cues via transmembrane receptors, such as the netrin-1 receptors deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and UNC5. These receptors orchestrate remodeling of the cytoskeleton and cell membrane through both chemical and mechanotransductive pathways, which result in traction forces generated by the cytoskeleton against the extracellular environment and translocation of the growth cone. Through intracellular signaling responses, netrin-1 can trigger either attraction or repulsion of the axon. Here we review the mechanisms by which the classical guidance cue netrin-1 regulates intracellular effectors to respond to the extracellular environment in the context of axon guidance during development of the central nervous system and discuss recent findings that demonstrate the critical importance of mechanical forces in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Boyer
- Neurobiology Curriculum, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephanie L. Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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32
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Abeysundara N, Simmonds AJ, Hughes SC. Moesin is involved in polarity maintenance and cortical remodeling during asymmetric cell division. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:419-434. [PMID: 29282284 PMCID: PMC6014166 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-05-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An intact actomyosin network is essential for anchoring polarity proteins to the cell cortex and maintaining cell size asymmetry during asymmetric cell division of Drosophila neuroblasts (NBs). However, the mechanisms that control changes in actomyosin dynamics during asymmetric cell division remain unclear. We find that the actin-binding protein, Moesin, is essential for NB proliferation and mitotic progression in the developing brain. During metaphase, phosphorylated Moesin (p-Moesin) is enriched at the apical cortex, and loss of Moesin leads to defects in apical polarity maintenance and cortical stability. This asymmetric distribution of p-Moesin is determined by components of the apical polarity complex and Slik kinase. During later stages of mitosis, p-Moesin localization shifts more basally, contributing to asymmetric cortical extension and myosin basal furrow positioning. Our findings reveal Moesin as a novel apical polarity protein that drives cortical remodeling of dividing NBs, which is essential for polarity maintenance and initial establishment of cell size asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namal Abeysundara
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Andrew J Simmonds
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Sarah C Hughes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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Lubart Q, Vitet H, Dalonneau F, Le Roy A, Kowalski M, Lourdin M, Ebel C, Weidenhaupt M, Picart C. Role of Phosphorylation in Moesin Interactions with PIP 2-Containing Biomimetic Membranes. Biophys J 2018; 114:98-112. [PMID: 29320700 PMCID: PMC5912500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Moesin, a protein of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin family, which links the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton, is involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including viral budding and infection. Its interaction with the plasma membrane occurs via a key phosphoinositide, the phosphatidyl(4,5)inositol-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphorylation of residue T558, which has been shown to contribute, in cellulo, to a conformationally open protein. We study the impact of a double phosphomimetic mutation of moesin (T235D, T558D), which mimics the phosphorylation state of the protein, on protein/PIP2/microtubule interactions. Analytical ultracentrifugation in the micromolar range showed moesin in the monomer and dimer forms, with wild-type (WT) moesin containing a slightly larger fraction (∼30%) of dimers than DD moesin (10-20%). Only DD moesin was responsive to PIP2 in its micellar form. Quantitative cosedimentation assays using large unilamellar vesicles and quartz crystal microbalance on supported lipid bilayers containing PIP2 reveal a specific cooperative interaction for DD moesin with an ability to bind two PIP2 molecules simultaneously, whereas WT moesin was able to bind only one. In addition, DD moesin could subsequently interact with microtubules, whereas WT moesin was unable to do so. Altogether, our results point to an important role of these two phosphorylation sites in the opening of moesin: since DD moesin is intrinsically in a more open conformation than WT moesin, this intermolecular interaction is reinforced by its binding to PIP2. We also highlight important differences between moesin and ezrin, which appear to be finely regulated and to exhibit distinct molecular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Lubart
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Helene Vitet
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabien Dalonneau
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Aline Le Roy
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathieu Kowalski
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Morgane Lourdin
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Ebel
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Marianne Weidenhaupt
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- CNRS UMR 5628 (LMGP), University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France; Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France.
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Kschonsak YT, Hoffmann I. Activated Ezrin controls MISP levels to ensure correct NuMA polarization and spindle orientation. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.214544. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.214544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct spindle orientation is achieved through signaling pathways that provide a molecular link between the cell cortex and spindle microtubules in an F-actin dependent manner. A conserved cortical protein complex, composed of LGN, NuMA, dynein-dynactin, plays a key role in establishing proper spindle orientation. It has also been shown that the actin-binding protein MISP and the ERM family, that are activated by LOK/SLK in mitosis, regulate spindle orientation. Here, we report that MISP functions between the ERM family member Ezrin and NuMA to allow optimal spindle positioning. We show that MISP directly interacts with Ezrin and that SLK/LOK-activated Ezrin ensures appropriate cortical MISP levels in mitosis by competing with MISP for actin-binding sites at the cell cortex. Furthermore, we found that regulation of proper cortical MISP levels by preventing its excessive accumulation is essential for crescent-like polarized NuMA localization at the cortex and as a consequence for highly dynamic astral microtubules. Our results uncover how appropriate MISP levels at the cortex are required for proper NuMA polarization and therefore an optimal placement of the mitotic spindle within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne T. Kschonsak
- Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis, F045, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg, F045, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hoffmann
- Cell Cycle Control and Carcinogenesis, F045, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Donahue RJ, Moller-Trane R, Nickells RW. Meta-analysis of transcriptomic changes in optic nerve injury and neurodegenerative models reveals a fundamental response to injury throughout the central nervous system. Mol Vis 2017; 23:987-1005. [PMID: 29386873 PMCID: PMC5757855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) leads to transcriptional changes that effect tissue function and govern the process of neurodegeneration. Numerous microarray and RNA-Seq studies have been performed to identify these transcriptional changes in the retina following optic nerve injury and elsewhere in the CNS following a variety of insults. We reasoned that conserved transcriptional changes between injury paradigms would be important contributors to the neurodegenerative process. Therefore, we compared the expression results from heterogeneous studies of optic nerve injury and neurodegenerative models. METHODS Expression data was collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus. A uniform method for normalizing expression data and detecting differentially expressed (DE) genes was used to compare the transcriptomes from models of acute optic nerve injury (AONI), chronic optic nerve injury (CONI) and brain neurodegeneration. DE genes were split into genes that were more or less prevalent in the injured condition than the control condition (enriched and depleted, respectively) and transformed into their human orthologs so that transcriptomes from different species could be compared. Biologic significance of shared genes was assessed by analyzing lists of shared genes for gene ontology (GO) term over-representation and for representation in KEGG pathways. RESULTS There was significant overlap of enriched DE genes between transcriptomes of AONI, CONI and neurodegeneration studies even though the overall concordance between datasets was low. The depleted DE genes identified between AONI and CONI models were significantly overlapping, but this significance did not extend to comparisons between optic nerve injury models and neurodegeneration studies. The GO terms overrepresented among the enriched genes shared between AONI, CONI and neurodegeneration studies were related to innate immune processes like the complement system and interferon signaling. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that transcriptional alteration between JAK-STAT, PI3K-AKT and TNF signaling, among others, were conserved between all models that were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS There is a conserved transcriptional response to injury in the CNS. This transcriptional response is driven by the activation of the innate immune system and several regulatory pathways. Understanding the cellular origin of these pathways and the pathological consequences of their activation is essential for understanding and treating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Donahue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ralph Moller-Trane
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Robert W. Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Tzeng YW, Li DY, Chen Y, Yang CH, Chang CY, Juang YL. LMO7 exerts an effect on mitosis progression and the spindle assembly checkpoint. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 94:22-30. [PMID: 29158164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
LMO7 (LIM domain only 7) is a transcription regulator for expression of many Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy-relevant genes, and binds to α-actinin and AF6/afadin at adherens junctions for epithelial cell-cell adhesion. In this study, we found that human LMO7 interacted with the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) protein MAD1. LMO7 colocalized with actin filaments at the cell membrane but did not colocalize with MAD1 at kinetochores in prometaphase. Our observations reveal that overexpression but not depletion of LMO7 caused a SAC defect, and that the LIM domain of LMO7 was a determinant of its ability to interfere with kinetochore localization of the SAC proteins MAD2 and BUBR1 and cause a SAC defect though the LIM peptide itself did neither bind to MAD1, MAD2 and BUBR1 nor localize to the actin filaments. However, overexpression of LMO7 or the LIM peptide did not interfere with kinetochore localization of MAD1. Additionally, overexpression of the LIM peptide prolonged mitotic timing and interfered with chromosome congression whereas that of LMO7b did not. Taken together, we conclude that LMO7 via its LIM domain acts to control mitosis progression and exerts an effect on the SAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wei Tzeng
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Yu Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Yvan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiu Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yun Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Li Juang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.
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37
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Chang CH, Lee HH, Lee CH. Substrate properties modulate cell membrane roughness by way of actin filaments. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9068. [PMID: 28831175 PMCID: PMC5567215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane roughness has been proposed as a sensitive feature to reflect cellular physiological conditions. In order to know whether membrane roughness is associated with the substrate properties, we employed the non-interferometric wide-field optical profilometry (NIWOP) technique to measure the membrane roughness of living mouse embryonic fibroblasts with different conditions of the culture substrate. By controlling the surface density of fibronectin (FN) coated on the substrate, we found that cells exhibited higher membrane roughness as the FN density increased in company with larger focal adhesion (FA) sizes. The examination of membrane roughness was also confirmed with atomic force microscopy. Using reagents altering actin or microtubule cytoskeletons, we provided evidence that the dynamics of actin filaments rather than that of microtubules plays a crucial role for the regulation of membrane roughness. By changing the substrate rigidity, we further demonstrated that the cells seeded on compliant gels exhibited significantly lower membrane roughness and smaller FAs than the cells on rigid substrate. Taken together, our data suggest that the magnitude of membrane roughness is modulated by way of actin dynamics in cells responding to substrate properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hung Chang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hui Lee
- Department of Life Sciences & Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Hwang Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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38
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Yano T, Kanoh H, Tamura A, Tsukita S. Apical cytoskeletons and junctional complexes as a combined system in epithelial cell sheets. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1405:32-43. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yano
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Hatsuho Kanoh
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
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39
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Multimodal and Polymorphic Interactions between Anillin and Actin: Their Implications for Cytokinesis. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:715-731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Cellular Reorganization during Mitotic Entry. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:26-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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41
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Po'uha ST, Kavallaris M. Gamma-actin is involved in regulating centrosome function and mitotic progression in cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3908-19. [PMID: 26697841 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1120920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton during mitosis is crucial for regulating cell division. A functional role for γ-actin in mitotic arrest induced by the microtubule-targeted agent, paclitaxel, has recently been demonstrated. We hypothesized that γ-actin plays a role in mitosis. Herein, we investigated the effect of γ-actin in mitosis and demonstrated that γ-actin is important in the distribution of β-actin and formation of actin-rich retraction fibers during mitosis. The reduced ability of paclitaxel to induce mitotic arrest as a result of γ-actin depletion was replicated with a range of mitotic inhibitors, suggesting that γ-actin loss reduces the ability of broad classes of anti-mitotic agents to induce mitotic arrest. In addition, partial depletion of γ-actin enhanced centrosome amplification in cancer cells and caused a significant delay in prometaphase/metaphase. This prolonged prometaphase/metaphase arrest was due to mitotic defects such as uncongressed and missegregated chromosomes, and correlated with an increased presence of mitotic spindle abnormalities in the γ-actin depleted cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate a previously unknown role for γ-actin in regulating centrosome function, chromosome alignment and maintenance of mitotic spindle integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sela T Po'uha
- a Children's Cancer Institute; Lowy Cancer Research Center; University of New South Wales ; Randwick , NSW , Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- a Children's Cancer Institute; Lowy Cancer Research Center; University of New South Wales ; Randwick , NSW , Australia.,b ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology; Australian Center for Nanomedicine; University of New South Wales ; Sydney , Australia
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42
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin F Brinkmann
- a University of Münster; Münster , Germany.,b Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF); University of Münster ; Münster , Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- a University of Münster; Münster , Germany.,b Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF); University of Münster ; Münster , Germany
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43
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di Pietro F, Echard A, Morin X. Regulation of mitotic spindle orientation: an integrated view. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:1106-30. [PMID: 27432284 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic spindle orientation is essential for cell fate decisions, epithelial maintenance, and tissue morphogenesis. In most animal cell types, the dynein motor complex is anchored at the cell cortex and exerts pulling forces on astral microtubules to position the spindle. Early studies identified the evolutionarily conserved Gαi/LGN/NuMA complex as a key regulator that polarizes cortical force generators. In recent years, a combination of genetics, biochemistry, modeling, and live imaging has contributed to decipher the mechanisms of spindle orientation. Here, we highlight the dynamic nature of the assembly of this complex and discuss the molecular regulation of its localization. Remarkably, a number of LGN-independent mechanisms were described recently, whereas NuMA remains central in most pathways involved in recruiting force generators at the cell cortex. We also describe the emerging role of the actin cortex in spindle orientation and discuss how dynamic astral microtubule formation is involved. We further give an overview on instructive external signals that control spindle orientation in tissues. Finally, we discuss the influence of cell geometry and mechanical forces on spindle orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia di Pietro
- Cell Division and Neurogenesis Laboratory, Ecole Normale Supérieure CNRS Inserm Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS) PSL Research University, Paris, France Institute of Doctoral Studies (IFD), Sorbonne Universités Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Laboratory, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 3691, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Morin
- Cell Division and Neurogenesis Laboratory, Ecole Normale Supérieure CNRS Inserm Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS) PSL Research University, Paris, France
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44
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Vilmos P, Kristó I, Szikora S, Jankovics F, Lukácsovich T, Kari B, Erdélyi M. The actin-binding ERM protein Moesin directly regulates spindle assembly and function during mitosis. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:696-707. [PMID: 27006187 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin proteins are highly conserved, actin-binding cytoskeletal proteins that play an essential role in microvilli formation, T-cell activation, and tumor metastasis by linking actin filaments to the plasma membrane. Recent studies demonstrated that the only Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin protein of Drosophila melanogaster, Moesin, is involved in mitotic spindle function through stabilizing cell shape and microtubules at the cell cortex. We previously observed that Moesin localizes to the mitotic spindle; hence, we tested for the biological significance of this surprising localization and investigated whether it plays a direct role in spindle function. To separate the cortical and spindle functions of Moesin during mitosis we combined cell biological and genetic methods. We used early Drosophila embryos, in which mitosis occurs in the absence of a cell cortex, and found in vivo evidence for the direct requirement of Moesin in mitotic spindle assembly and function. We also found that the accumulation of Moesin precedes the construction of the microtubule spindle, and the fusiform structure formed by Moesin persists even after the microtubules have disassembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Vilmos
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Ildikó Kristó
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Szilárd Szikora
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jankovics
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Tamás Lukácsovich
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Beáta Kari
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
| | - Miklós Erdélyi
- Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary
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45
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Tuncay H, Ebnet K. Cell adhesion molecule control of planar spindle orientation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1195-207. [PMID: 26698907 PMCID: PMC11108431 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polarized epithelial cells align the mitotic spindle in the plane of the sheet to maintain tissue integrity and to prevent malignant transformation. The orientation of the spindle apparatus is regulated by the immobilization of the astral microtubules at the lateral cortex and depends on the precise localization of the dynein-dynactin motor protein complex which captures microtubule plus ends and generates pulling forces towards the centrosomes. Recent developments indicate that signals derived from intercellular junctions are required for the stable interaction of the dynein-dynactin complex with the cortex. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate planar spindle orientation in polarized epithelial cells and we illustrate how different cell adhesion molecules through distinct and non-overlapping mechanisms instruct the cells to align the mitotic spindle in the plane of the sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Tuncay
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, 48419, Muenster, Germany.
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46
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Directional memory arises from long-lived cytoskeletal asymmetries in polarized chemotactic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1267-72. [PMID: 26764383 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513289113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis, the directional migration of cells in a chemical gradient, is robust to fluctuations associated with low chemical concentrations and dynamically changing gradients as well as high saturating chemical concentrations. Although a number of reports have identified cellular behavior consistent with a directional memory that could account for behavior in these complex environments, the quantitative and molecular details of such a memory process remain unknown. Using microfluidics to confine cellular motion to a 1D channel and control chemoattractant exposure, we observed directional memory in chemotactic neutrophil-like cells. We modeled this directional memory as a long-lived intracellular asymmetry that decays slower than observed membrane phospholipid signaling. Measurements of intracellular dynamics revealed that moesin at the cell rear is a long-lived element that when inhibited, results in a reduction of memory. Inhibition of ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase), downstream of RhoA (Ras homolog gene family, member A), stabilized moesin and directional memory while depolymerization of microtubules (MTs) disoriented moesin deposition and also reduced directional memory. Our study reveals that long-lived polarized cytoskeletal structures, specifically moesin, actomyosin, and MTs, provide a directional memory in neutrophil-like cells even as they respond on short time scales to external chemical cues.
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47
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Bezanilla M, Gladfelter AS, Kovar DR, Lee WL. Cytoskeletal dynamics: a view from the membrane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:329-37. [PMID: 25963816 PMCID: PMC4427793 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201502062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many aspects of cytoskeletal assembly and dynamics can be recapitulated in vitro; yet, how the cytoskeleton integrates signals in vivo across cellular membranes is far less understood. Recent work has demonstrated that the membrane alone, or through membrane-associated proteins, can effect dynamic changes to the cytoskeleton, thereby impacting cell physiology. Having identified mechanistic links between membranes and the actin, microtubule, and septin cytoskeletons, these studies highlight the membrane’s central role in coordinating these cytoskeletal systems to carry out essential processes, such as endocytosis, spindle positioning, and cellular compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Amy S Gladfelter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - David R Kovar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Wei-Lih Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003
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48
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Alieva IB, Berezinskaya T, Borisy GG, Vorobjev IA. Centrosome nucleates numerous ephemeral microtubules and only few of them participate in the radial array. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1203-16. [PMID: 25998195 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that long microtubules (MTs) grow from the centrosome with their minus ends anchored there and plus ends directed towards cell membrane. However, recent findings show this scheme to be an oversimplification. To further analyze the relationship between the centrosome and the MT array we undertook a detailed study on the MTs growing from the centrosome after microinjection of Cy3 labeled tubulin and transfection of cells with EB1-GFP. To evaluate MTs around the centrosome two approaches were used: path photobleaching across the centrosome area (Komarova et al., ) and sequential image subtraction analysis (Vorobjev et al., ). We show that about 50% of MTs had been nucleated at the centrosome are short-living: their mean length was 1.8 ± 0.8 μm and their life span - 7 ± 2 s. MTs initiated from the centrosome also rarely reach cell margin, since their elongation was limited and growth after shortening (rescue) was rare. After initial growth all MTs associated with the centrosome converted to pause or shortening. After pause MTs associated with the centrosome mainly depolymerized via the plus end shortening. Stability of the minus ends of cytoplasmic MTs was the same as for centrosomal ones. We conclude that in fibroblasts (1) the default behavior of free MTs in the cell interior is biased dynamic instability (i.e., random walk of the plus ends with significant positive drift); (2) MTs born at the centrosome show "dynamic instability" type behavior with no boundary; and (3) that the extended radial array is formed predominantly by MTs not associated with the centrosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina B Alieva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Berezinskaya
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gary G Borisy
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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A piRNA-like small RNA interacts with and modulates p-ERM proteins in human somatic cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7316. [PMID: 26095918 PMCID: PMC4557300 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are thought to silence transposon and gene expression during development. However, the roles of piRNAs in somatic tissues are largely unknown. Here we report the identification of 555 piRNAs in human lung bronchial epithelial (HBE) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, including 295 that do not exist in databases termed as piRNA-like sncRNAs or piRNA-Ls. Distinctive piRNA/piRNA-L expression patterns are observed between HBE and NSCLC cells. piRNA-like-163 (piR-L-163), the top downregulated piRNA-L in NSCLC cells, binds directly to phosphorylated ERM proteins (p-ERM), which is dependent on the central part of UUNNUUUNNUU motif in piR-L-163 and the RRRKPDT element in ERM. The piR-L-163/p-ERM interaction is critical for p-ERM's binding capability to filamentous actin (F-actin) and ERM-binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50). Thus, piRNA/piRNA-L may play a regulatory role through direct interaction with proteins in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) suppress transposon and gene expression during development. Here, the authors identify many piRNAs and piRNA-like small RNAs in 11 human cell lines, and show that one piRNA-like small RNA binds to phosphorylated ERM proteins to regulate cancer cell migration and invasion.
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SILAC-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2015; 2015:841769. [PMID: 26060582 PMCID: PMC4427854 DOI: 10.1155/2015/841769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common lymphoma, is a heterogeneous disease where the outcome for patients with early relapse or refractory disease is very poor, even in the era of immunochemotherapy. In order to describe possible differences in global protein expression and network patterns, we performed a SILAC-based shotgun (LC-MS/MS) quantitative proteomic analysis in fresh-frozen tumor tissue from two groups of DLBCL patients with totally different clinical outcome: (i) early relapsed or refractory and (ii) long-term progression-free patients. We could identify over 3,500 proteins; more than 1,300 were quantified in all patients and 87 were significantly differentially expressed. By functional annotation analysis on the 66 proteins overexpressed in the progression-free patient group, we found an enrichment of proteins involved in the regulation and organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Also, five proteins from actin cytoskeleton regulation, applied in a supervised regression analysis, could discriminate the two patient groups. In conclusion, SILAC-based shotgun quantitative proteomic analysis appears to be a powerful tool to explore the proteome in DLBCL tumor tissue. Also, as progression-free patients had a higher expression of proteins involved in the actin cytoskeleton protein network, such a pattern indicates a functional role in the sustained response to immunochemotherapy.
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