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Tiraboschi G, Isaac P, Breser ML, Angiolini V, Rodriguez-Berdini L, Porporatto C, Bohl LP. 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3-mediated effects on bovine innate immunity and on biofilm-forming Staphylococcus spp. isolated from cattle with mastitis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 240:106508. [PMID: 38521361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis is one the most widespread and serious diseases in dairy cattle. Recurrent and chronic infections are often attributable to certain pathogenicity mechanisms in mastitis-causing pathogens such as Staphylococcus spp. These include growing in biofilm and invading cells, both of which make it possible to resist or evade antimicrobial therapies and the host's immune system. This study tested the effects of active vitamin D3 (i.e., calcitriol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) on the internalization and phagocytosis of biofilm-forming Staphylococcus spp. isolated from animals with mastitis. Two established bovine cell lines were used: MAC-T (mammary epithelial cells) and BoMac (macrophages). Calcitriol (0-200 nM) did not affect the viability of MAC-T cells nor that of BoMac cells after 24 and 72 h. Concentrations of 0-100 mM for 24 h upregulated the expression of 24-hydroxylase in MAC-T cells, but did not alter that of VDR. Pre-treatment of the cells with calcitriol for 24 h decreased the internalization of S. aureus V329 into MAC-T cells (0-100 nM), and stimulated the phagocytosis of the same strain and of S. xylosus 4913 (0-10 nM). Calcitriol and two conditioned media, obtained by treating the cells with 25-200 nM of the metabolite for 24 h, were also assessed in terms of their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. Neither calcitriol by itself nor the conditioned media affected staphylococcal growth or biofilm formation (0-200 nM for 12 and 24 h, respectively). In contrast, the conditioned media (0-100 nM for 24 h) decreased the biomass of preformed non-aureus staphylococcal biofilms and killed the bacteria within them, without affecting metabolic activity. These effects may be mediated by reactive oxygen species and proteins with antimicrobial and/or antibiofilm activity. In short, calcitriol could make pathogens more accessible to antimicrobial therapies and enhance bacterial clearance by professional phagocytes. Moreover, it may modulate the host's endogenous defenses in the bovine udder and help combat preformed non-aureus staphylococcal biofilms (S. chromogenes 40, S. xylosus 4913, and/or S. haemolyticus 6). The findings confirm calcitriol's potential as an adjuvant to prevent and/or treat intramammary infections caused by Staphylococcus spp., which would in turn contribute to reducing antibiotic use on dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Tiraboschi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Isaac
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Laura Breser
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia Angiolini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lucía Rodriguez-Berdini
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carina Porporatto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Luciana Paola Bohl
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Transferencia Agroalimentaria y Biotecnológica (IMITAB CONICET-UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional Villa María (UNVM), Campus Universitario, Av. Arturo Jauretche 1555. Villa María (C.P. 5900), Córdoba, Argentina.
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Li Y, Wu Q. KRT6A Inhibits IL-1β-Mediated Pyroptosis of Keratinocytes via Blocking IL-17 Signaling. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:1-11. [PMID: 38505868 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023050039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Keratin 6A (KRT6A) is involved in the pathogenesis of various skin diseases. However, the reports on the roles of KRT6A in atopic dermatitis (AD) are limited. This study aimed to investigate the potentials of KRT6A in AD. mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR. Cytokine release was determined by ELISA. Protein expression was determined using Western blot. Cell viability was determined by CCK-8. Cytotoxicity was detected by LDH assay. Cell death was determined by TUNEL. The pyroptosis of keratinocytes was detected using flow cytometry. We found that KRT6A was overexpressed in AD patients. Moreover, KRT6A was stimulated after exposed to proinflammatory cytokines. Overexpressed KRT6A suppressed inflammatory response, while KRT6A knockdown exerted the opposite effects. Overexpressed KRT6A suppressed inflammation-induced pyroptosis of keratinocytes. Additionally, KRT6A negatively regulated interleukin-17a (IL-17a) expression, blocking IL-17 signaling. IL-17a overexpression antagonized the effects of KRT6A and promoted pyroptosis of keratinocytes. In conclusion, KRT6A exerted protective functions in AD via regulating IL-17 signaling. This KRT6A/IL-17 may be a novel target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Union Jiangbei Hospital Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Caidian District People's Hospital of Wuhan), Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430100, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Wuhan Jiangxia District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
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Wu W, Xu Y, Zhang F. Comparisons of the protein expressions between high myopia and moderate myopia on the anterior corneal stroma in human. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:3549-3558. [PMID: 37389637 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the differentially expressed proteins (DEP) between high myopia and moderate myopia on the anterior corneal stroma. METHODS Tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics was utilized to reveal proteins. DEPs were screened by the multiple change of more than 1.2 times or less than 0.83 and the P value < 0.05. The DEPs were functional annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Proteins and protein interaction (PPI) networks were conducted with String online tool. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) data processing was used to verify the TMT proteomics results. RESULTS There are 36 DEPs between high myopia and moderate myopia on the anterior corneal stroma, of which 11 proteins are upregulated, 25 proteins are downregulated. The GO analysis demonstrated keratinocyte migration and structural constituent of cytoskeleton that are significantly changed with most of the proteins decreased in high myopic corneas. Keratin 16 (KRT16) and erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like protein 4B are the only two proteins involved in both functions. The PPI analysis showed keratin type II cytoskeletal 6A (KRT6A) and KRT16 that have strong connections. Immunoglobulin lambda variable 8-61(IGLV8-61) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) have consistent results with the TMT. CONCLUSIONS The high myopic corneas have 36 DEPs compared to the moderate myopic corneas on the anterior corneal stroma. Keratinocyte migrations and structural constituent of cytoskeleton are weakened in high myopic corneas, which may partly account for the lower corneal biomechanics in high myopic eyes. The lower expressed KRT16 plays important roles in high myopic corneas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yushan Xu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fengju Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Groh N, Magin TM. Pseudomonas-Derived Pyocyanin Links Oxidative Stress and Keratin 6 Expression to Wound Healing. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1865-1867. [PMID: 37318404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Groh
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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Sun Y, Chan J, Bose K, Tam C. Simultaneous control of infection and inflammation with keratin-derived antibacterial peptides targeting TLRs and co-receptors. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade2909. [PMID: 36888696 PMCID: PMC10173409 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlling infection-driven inflammation is a major clinical dilemma because of limited therapeutic options and possible adverse effects on microbial clearance. Compounding this difficulty is the continued emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, where experimental strategies aiming to augment inflammatory responses for enhanced microbial killing are not applicable treatment options for infections of vulnerable organs. As with corneal infections, severe or prolonged inflammation jeopardizes corneal transparency, leading to devastating vision loss. We hypothesized that keratin 6a-derived antimicrobial peptides (KAMPs) may be a two-pronged remedy capable of tackling bacterial infection and inflammation at once. We used murine peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages, together with an in vivo model of sterile corneal inflammation, to find that nontoxic and prohealing KAMPs with natural 10- and 18-amino acid sequences suppressed lipoteichoic acid (LTA)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NFκB and IRF3 activation, proinflammatory cytokine production, and phagocyte recruitment independently of their bactericidal function. Mechanistically, KAMPs not only competed with bacterial ligands for cell surface Toll-like receptor (TLR) and co-receptors (MD2, CD14, and TLR2) but also reduced cell surface availability of TLR2 and TLR4 through promotion of receptor endocytosis. Topical KAMP treatment effectively alleviated experimental bacterial keratitis, as evidenced by substantial reductions of corneal opacification, inflammatory cell infiltration, and bacterial burden. These findings reveal the TLR-targeting activities of KAMPs and demonstrate their therapeutic potential as a multifunctional drug for managing infectious inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jonathan Chan
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Karthikeyan Bose
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Connie Tam
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Revealing Natural Intracellular Peptides in Gills of Seahorse Hippocampus reidi. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030433. [PMID: 36979368 PMCID: PMC10046794 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The seahorse is a marine teleost fish member of the Syngnathidae family that displays a complex variety of morphological and reproductive behavior innovations and has been recognized for its medicinal importance. In the Brazilian ichthyofauna, the seahorse Hippocampus reidi is among the three fish species most used by the population in traditional medicine. In this study, a protocol was performed based on fast heat inactivation of proteases plus liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to identify native peptides in gills of seahorse H. reidi. The MS/MS spectra obtained from gills allowed the identification of 1080 peptides, of which 1013 peptides were present in all samples and 67 peptide sequences were identified in an additional LC-MS/MS run from an alkylated and reduced pool of samples. The majority of peptides were fragments of the internal region of the amino acid sequence of the precursor proteins (67%), and N- and C-terminal represented 18% and 15%, respectively. Many peptide sequences presented ribosomal proteins, histones and hemoglobin as precursor proteins. In addition, peptide fragments from moronecidin-like protein, described with antimicrobial activity, were found in all gill samples of H. reidi. The identified sequences may reveal new bioactive peptides.
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Mykhaliuk VV, Havryliak VV, Salyha YT. The Role of Cytokeratins in Ensuring the Basic Cellular Functions and in Dignosis of Disorders. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722060093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Fu R, Jiang X, Li G, Zhu Y, Zhang H. Junctional complexes in epithelial cells: sentinels for extracellular insults and intracellular homeostasis. FEBS J 2022; 289:7314-7333. [PMID: 34453866 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The cell-cell and cell-ECM junctions within the epithelial tissues are crucial anchoring structures that provide architectural stability, mechanical resistance, and permeability control. Their indispensable role as signaling hubs orchestrating cell shape-related changes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis has also been well recognized. However, growing amount of evidence now suggests that the multitasking nature of epithelial junctions extends well beyond anchorage-dependent or cell shape change-related biological processes. In this review, we discuss the emerging roles of junctional complexes in regulating innate immune defense, stress resistance, and intracellular proteostasis of the epithelial cells, with emphasis on the upstream regulation of epithelial junctions on various aspects of the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, China
| | - Xiaowan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, China
| | - Gang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, China
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Evtushenko NA, Beilin AK, Kosykh AV, Vorotelyak EA, Gurskaya NG. Keratins as an Inflammation Trigger Point in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212446. [PMID: 34830328 PMCID: PMC8624175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a group of inherited keratinopathies that, in most cases, arise due to mutations in keratins and lead to intraepidermal ruptures. The cellular pathology of most EBS subtypes is associated with the fragility of the intermediate filament network, cytolysis of the basal layer of the epidermis, or attenuation of hemidesmosomal/desmosomal components. Mutations in keratins 5/14 or in other genes that encode associated proteins induce structural disarrangements of different strengths depending on their locations in the genes. Keratin aggregates display impaired dynamics of assembly and diminished solubility and appear to be the trigger for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress upon being phosphorylated by MAPKs. Global changes in cellular signaling mainly occur in cases of severe dominant EBS mutations. The spectrum of changes initiated by phosphorylation includes the inhibition of proteasome degradation, TNF-α signaling activation, deregulated proliferation, abnormal cell migration, and impaired adherence of keratinocytes. ER stress also leads to the release of proinflammatory danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, which enhance avalanche-like inflammation. Many instances of positive feedback in the course of cellular stress and the development of sterile inflammation led to systemic chronic inflammation in EBS. This highlights the role of keratin in the maintenance of epidermal and immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda A. Evtushenko
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Arkadii K. Beilin
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasiya V. Kosykh
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Vorotelyak
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nadya G. Gurskaya
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.E.); (A.K.B.); (A.V.K.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Rodríguez AA, Otero-González A, Ghattas M, Ständker L. Discovery, Optimization, and Clinical Application of Natural Antimicrobial Peptides. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1381. [PMID: 34680498 PMCID: PMC8533436 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widespread in multicellular organisms. These structurally diverse molecules are produced as the first line of defense against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Also known as host defense peptides in higher eukaryotic organisms, AMPs display immunomodulatory and anticancer activities. During the last 30 years, technological advances have boosted the research on antimicrobial peptides, which have also attracted great interest as an alternative to tackling the antimicrobial resistance scenario mainly provoked by some bacterial and fungal pathogens. However, the introduction of natural AMPs in clinical trials faces challenges such as proteolytic digestion, short half-lives, and cytotoxicity upon systemic and oral application. Therefore, some strategies have been implemented to improve the properties of AMPs aiming to be used as effective therapeutic agents. In the present review, we summarize the discovery path of AMPs, focusing on preclinical development, recent advances in chemical optimization and peptide delivery systems, and their introduction into the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando A. Rodríguez
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Core Unit of Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Maretchia Ghattas
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo (GUC), Cairo 11511, Egypt;
| | - Ludger Ständker
- Core Facility for Functional Peptidomics, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Ung L, Chodosh J. Foundational concepts in the biology of bacterial keratitis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108647. [PMID: 34097906 PMCID: PMC8595513 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections of the cornea, or bacterial keratitis (BK), are notorious for causing rapidly fulminant disease and permanent vision loss, even among treated patients. In the last sixty years, dramatic upward trajectories in the frequency of BK have been observed internationally, driven in large part by the commercialization of hydrogel contact lenses in the late 1960s. Despite this worsening burden of disease, current evidence-based therapies for BK - including broad-spectrum topical antibiotics and, if indicated, topical corticosteroids - fail to salvage vision in a substantial proportion of affected patients. Amid growing concerns of rapidly diminishing antibiotic utility, there has been renewed interest in urgently needed novel treatments that may improve clinical outcomes on an individual and public health level. Bridging the translational gap in the care of BK requires the identification of new therapeutic targets and rational treatment design, but neither of these aims can be achieved without understanding the complex biological processes that determine how bacterial corneal infections arise, progress, and resolve. In this chapter, we synthesize the current wealth of human and animal experimental data that now inform our understanding of basic BK pathophysiology, in context with modern concepts in ocular immunology and microbiology. By identifying the key molecular determinants of clinical disease, we explore how novel treatments can be developed and translated into routine patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawson Ung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Chodosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Differences in Extracellular Vesicle Protein Cargo Are Dependent on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell of Origin and Human Papillomavirus Status. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153714. [PMID: 34359613 PMCID: PMC8345072 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify potential extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we evaluated EV protein cargo and whole cell lysates (WCL) from HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC cell lines, as well as normal oral keratinocytes and HPV16-transformed cells. EVs were isolated from serum-depleted, conditioned cell culture media by polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation/ultracentrifugation. EV and WCL preparations were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Candidate proteins detected at significantly higher levels in EV compared with WCL, or compared with EV from normal oral keratinocytes, were identified and confirmed by Wes Simple Western protein analysis. Our findings suggest that these proteins may be potential HNSCC EV markers as proteins that may be (1) selectively included in EV cargo for export from the cell as a strategy for metastasis, tumor cell survival, or modification of tumor microenvironment, or (2) representative of originating cell composition, which may be developed for diagnostic or prognostic use in clinical liquid biopsy applications. This work demonstrates that our method can be used to reliably detect EV proteins from HNSCC, normal keratinocyte, and transformed cell lines. Furthermore, this work has identified HNSCC EV protein candidates for continued evaluation, specifically tenascin-C, HLA-A, E-cadherin, EGFR, EPHA2, and cytokeratin 19.
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13
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Zhang J, Sun H, Liu S, Huang W, Gu J, Zhao Z, Qin H, Luo L, Yang J, Fang Y, Ge J, Ni B, Wang H. Alteration of tumor-associated macrophage subtypes mediated by KRT6A in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23217-23232. [PMID: 33221741 PMCID: PMC7746340 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is severely affecting the health and lives of patients. Clarifying the composition and regulatory factors of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is helpful for the treatment of PDAC. We analyzed the unique TIMEs and gene expression patterns between PDAC and adjacent normal tissue (ANT) using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to find new immunotherapy targets. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were used to elucidate the possible mechanism of which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) changed in PDAC. We found that the composition of TAMs subtypes, including M0, M1, and M2, was different between PDAC and ANT, which was validated in recently published single-cell RNA-seq data. Many immune cells interacted with each other to affect the TIME. There were many DEGs enriched in some pathways that could potentially change the immune cell composition. KRT6A was found to be a DEG between PDAC and ANT that overlapped with DEGs between the M0-high group and the M0-low group in TCGA datasets, and it might alter and regulate TAMs via a collection of genes including COL5A2, COL1A2, MIR3606, SPARC, and COL6A3. TAMs, which could be a target of immunotherapy, might be influenced by genes through KRT6A and indicate an undesirable prognosis in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401120, P R China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P R China
| | - Songsong Liu
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P R China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, P R China
| | - Jianyou Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong Province, P R China
| | - Zhiping Zhao
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P R China
| | - Huan Qin
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P R China
| | - Liwen Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P R China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401120, P R China
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P R China
| | - Yongfei Fang
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P R China
| | - Jiayun Ge
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, P R China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P R China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, P R China
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Chongqing 400038, P R China
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401120, P R China
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14
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Fleiszig SMJ, Kroken AR, Nieto V, Grosser MR, Wan SJ, Metruccio MME, Evans DJ. Contact lens-related corneal infection: Intrinsic resistance and its compromise. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 76:100804. [PMID: 31756497 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Contact lenses represent a widely utilized form of vision correction with more than 140 million wearers worldwide. Although generally well-tolerated, contact lenses can cause corneal infection (microbial keratitis), with an approximate annualized incidence ranging from ~2 to ~20 cases per 10,000 wearers, and sometimes resulting in permanent vision loss. Research suggests that the pathogenesis of contact lens-associated microbial keratitis is complex and multifactorial, likely requiring multiple conspiring factors that compromise the intrinsic resistance of a healthy cornea to infection. Here, we outline our perspective of the mechanisms by which contact lens wear sometimes renders the cornea susceptible to infection, focusing primarily on our own research efforts during the past three decades. This has included studies of host factors underlying the constitutive barrier function of the healthy cornea, its response to bacterial challenge when intrinsic resistance is not compromised, pathogen virulence mechanisms, and the effects of contact lens wear that alter the outcome of host-microbe interactions. For almost all of this work, we have utilized the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa because it is the leading cause of lens-related microbial keratitis. While not yet common among corneal isolates, clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa have emerged that are resistant to virtually all currently available antibiotics, leading the United States CDC (Centers for Disease Control) to add P. aeruginosa to its list of most serious threats. Compounding this concern, the development of advanced contact lenses for biosensing and augmented reality, together with the escalating incidence of myopia, could portent an epidemic of vision-threatening corneal infections in the future. Thankfully, technological advances in genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and imaging combined with emerging models of contact lens-associated P. aeruginosa infection hold promise for solving the problem - and possibly life-threatening infections impacting other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M J Fleiszig
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Graduate Group in Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Graduate Groups in Microbiology and Infectious Diseases & Immunity, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Abby R Kroken
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Nieto
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephanie J Wan
- Graduate Group in Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - David J Evans
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, USA
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15
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Werner S, Keller L, Pantel K. Epithelial keratins: Biology and implications as diagnostic markers for liquid biopsies. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 72:100817. [PMID: 31563278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Keratins are essential elements of the cytoskeleton of normal and malignant epithelial cells. Because carcinomas commonly maintain their specific keratin expression pattern during malignant transformation, keratins are extensively used as tumor markers in cancer diagnosis including the detection of circulating tumor cells in blood of carcinoma patients. Interestingly, recent biological insights demonstrate that epithelial keratins should not only be considered as mere tumor markers. Emerging evidence suggests an active biological role of keratins in tumor cell dissemination and metastasis. In this review, we illustrate the family of keratin proteins, summarize the latest biological insights into keratin function related to cancer metastasis and discuss the current use of keratins for detection of CTCs and other blood biomarkers used in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Werner
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Keller
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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16
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Ma H, Li R, Di X, Jin X, Wang Y, Lai B, Shi C, Ji M, Zhu X, Wang K. ITRAQ-based proteomic analysis reveals possible target-related proteins in human adrenocortical adenomas. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:655. [PMID: 31419939 PMCID: PMC6697928 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs) can lead to the autonomous secretion of aldosterone responsible for primary aldosteronism (PA), which is the most common form of secondary arterial hypertension. However, the authentic fundamental mechanisms underlying ACAs remain unclear. Objective Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics and bioinformatics analyses from etiological studies of ACAs were performed to screen the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and investigate the relevant mechanisms of their occurrence and development. Results could help determine therapeutic targets of clinical significance. Methods In the present study, iTRAQ-based proteomics was applied to analyze ACA tissue samples from normal adrenal cortex tissues adjacent to the tumor. Using proteins extracted from a panel of four pairs of ACA samples, we identified some upregulated proteins and other downregulated proteins in all four pairs of ACA samples compared with adjacent normal tissue. Subsequently, we predicted protein–protein interaction networks of three DEPs to determine the authentic functional factors in ACA. Results A total of 753 DEPs were identified, including 347 upregulated and 406 downregulated proteins. The expression of three upregulated proteins (E2F3, KRT6A, and ALDH1A2) was validated by Western blot in 24 ACA samples. Our data suggested that some DEPs might be important hallmarks during the development of ACA. Conclusions This study is the first proteomic research to investigate alterations in protein levels and affected pathways in ACA using the iTRAQ technique. Thus, this study not only provides a comprehensive dataset on overall protein changes but also sheds light on its potential molecular mechanism in human ACAs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-6030-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ranwei Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Di
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bingjie Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cailian Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxin Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinran Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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17
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Yoon DJ, Fregoso DR, Nguyen D, Chen V, Strbo N, Fuentes JJ, Tomic-Canic M, Crawford R, Pastar I, Isseroff RR. A tractable, simplified ex vivo human skin model of wound infection. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 27:421-425. [PMID: 30825247 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of infection in chronic wounds is well documented in the literature but not optimally studied due to the drawbacks of current methodologies. Here, we describe a tractable and simplified ex vivo human skin model of infection that addresses the critical drawbacks of high costs and limited translatability. Wounds were generated from excised abdominal skin from cosmetic procedures and cultured, inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus strain UAMS-1, or under aseptic conditions. After three days, the infected wounds exhibited biofilm formation and significantly impaired reepithelialization compared to the control. Additionally, promigratory and proreparative genes were significantly downregulated, while proinflammatory genes were significantly upregulated, demonstrating molecular characterizations of impaired healing as in chronic wounds. This model allows for a simplified and versatile tool for the study of wound infection and subsequent development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Daniel R Fregoso
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Vivien Chen
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Natasa Strbo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jaime J Fuentes
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, California
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert Crawford
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, California
| | - Irena Pastar
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - R Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
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18
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Oonk S, Schuurmans T, Pabst M, de Smet LCPM, de Puit M. Proteomics as a new tool to study fingermark ageing in forensics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16425. [PMID: 30401937 PMCID: PMC6219553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fingermarks are trace evidence of great forensic importance, and their omnipresence makes them pivotal in crime investigation. Police and law enforcement authorities have exploited fingermarks primarily for personal identification, but crucial knowledge on when fingermarks were deposited is often lacking, thereby hindering crime reconstruction. Biomolecular constituents of fingermark residue, such as amino acids, lipids and proteins, may provide excellent means for fingermark age determination, however robust methodologies or detailed knowledge on molecular mechanisms in time are currently not available. Here, we address fingermark age assessment by: (i) drafting a first protein map of fingermark residue, (ii) differential studies of fresh and aged fingermarks and (iii), to mimic real-world scenarios, estimating the effects of donor contact with bodily fluids on the identification of potential age biomarkers. Using a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach, we drafted a characteristic fingermark proteome, of which five proteins were identified as promising candidates for fingermark age estimation. This study additionally demonstrates successful identification of both endogenous and contaminant proteins from donors that have been in contact with various bodily fluids. In summary, we introduce state-of-the-art proteomics as a sensitive tool to monitor fingermark aging on the protein level with sufficient selectivity to differentiate potential age markers from body fluid contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Oonk
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, Digital Technology and Biometrics, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB, Den Haag, Netherlands. .,Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom Schuurmans
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, Digital Technology and Biometrics, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB, Den Haag, Netherlands
| | - Martin Pabst
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Louis C P M de Smet
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.,Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel de Puit
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, Digital Technology and Biometrics, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB, Den Haag, Netherlands. .,Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands.
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19
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Wu YT, Truong TN, Tam C, Mendoza MN, Zhu L, Evans DJ, Fleiszig SMJ. Impact of topical corticosteroid pretreatment on susceptibility of the injured murine cornea to Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization and infection. Exp Eye Res 2018; 179:1-7. [PMID: 30343040 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Research with animal models of Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis has shown that use of a topical corticosteroid alone against an established infection can significantly increase the number of colonizing bacteria or worsen clinical disease. Moreover, retrospective analysis has suggested that corticosteroid use in humans is associated with an increased risk of keratitis in eyes with pre-existing disease. Thus, while corticosteroids are often used to reduce ocular inflammation in the absence of infection, the risk of opportunistic infection remains a concern. However, the effect of corticosteroids on the intrinsic barrier function of uninfected corneas is unknown. Here, we tested if short-term topical corticosteroid treatment of an uninfected murine cornea would increase susceptibility to P. aeruginosa colonization or infection after epithelial injury. Topical prednisolone acetate (1%) was administered to one eye of C57BL/6 mice three times a day for 3 days; control eyes were treated with sterile PBS. Prior to inoculation with a cytotoxic P. aeruginosa corneal isolate strain 6206, corneas were subject to superficial-injury by tissue paper blotting, or scratch-injured followed by 12 h of healing. Previously we have shown that blotting renders mouse corneas susceptible to P. aeruginosa adhesion, but not infection, while 12 h healing reduces susceptibility to infection after scratching. Corneas were evaluated at 48 h for bacterial colonization and microbial keratitis (MK). To monitor impact on wound healing, corneal integrity was examined by fluorescein staining immediately after scarification and after 12 h healing. For both the tissue paper blotting and scratch-injury models, there was no significant difference in P. aeruginosa colonization at 48 h between corticosteroid-pretreated eyes and controls. With the blotting model, one case of MK was observed in a control (PBS-pretreated) cornea; none in corticosteroid-pretreated corneas. With the 12 h healing model, MK occurred in 6 of 17 corticosteroid-pretreated eyes versus 2 of 17 controls, a difference not statistically significant. Corticosteroid-pretreated eyes showed greater fluorescein staining 12 h after scarification injury, but this did not coincide with increased colonization or MK. Together, these data show that short-term topical corticosteroid therapy on an uninfected murine cornea does not necessarily enhance its susceptibility to P. aeruginosa colonization or infection after injury, even when it induces fluorescein staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne T Wu
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tan N Truong
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Vision Science Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Connie Tam
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Myra N Mendoza
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lucia Zhu
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David J Evans
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne M J Fleiszig
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Vision Science Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Graduate Groups in Microbiology, And Infectious Diseases & Immunity, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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20
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Cruz R, Pereira-Castro I, Almeida MT, Moreira A, Cabanes D, Sousa S. Epithelial Keratins Modulate cMet Expression and Signaling and Promote InlB-Mediated Listeria monocytogenes Infection of HeLa Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:146. [PMID: 29868502 PMCID: PMC5960701 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The host cytoskeleton is a major target for bacterial pathogens during infection. In particular, pathogens usurp the actin cytoskeleton function to strongly adhere to the host cell surface, to induce plasma membrane remodeling allowing invasion and to spread from cell to cell and disseminate to the whole organism. Keratins are cytoskeletal proteins that are the major components of intermediate filaments in epithelial cells however, their role in bacterial infection has been disregarded. Here we investigate the role of the major epithelial keratins, keratins 8 and 18 (K8 and K18), in the cellular infection by Listeria monocytogenes. We found that K8 and K18 are required for successful InlB/cMet-dependent L. monocytogenes infection, but are dispensable for InlA/E-cadherin-mediated invasion. Both K8 and K18 accumulate at InlB-mediated internalization sites following actin recruitment and modulate actin dynamics at those sites. We also reveal the key role of K8 and K18 in HGF-induced signaling which occurs downstream the activation of cMet. Strikingly, we show here that K18, and at a less extent K8, controls the expression of cMet and other surface receptors such TfR and integrin β1, by promoting the stability of their corresponding transcripts. Together, our results reveal novel functions for major epithelial keratins in the modulation of actin dynamics at the bacterial entry sites and in the control of surface receptors mRNA stability and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cruz
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pereira-Castro
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Gene Regulation Group, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria T Almeida
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Moreira
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Gene Regulation Group, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Didier Cabanes
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Sousa
- Group of Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Group of Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Porto, Portugal
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21
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Short B. The proteasome helps epithelial cells set up KAMPs. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:431. [PMID: 32004369 PMCID: PMC5800823 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201801065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Study describes how epithelial cells process keratin 6a to generate antimicrobial peptides that prevent bacteria from colonizing the cornea. Study describes how epithelial cells process keratin 6a to generate antimicrobial peptides that prevent bacteria from colonizing the cornea.
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