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Martus D, Williams SK, Pichi K, Mannebach-Götz S, Kaiser N, Wardas B, Fecher-Trost C, Meyer MR, Schmitz F, Beck A, Fairless R, Diem R, Flockerzi V, Belkacemi A. Cavβ3 Contributes to the Maintenance of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Alleviates Symptoms of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1833-1851. [PMID: 38957986 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.321141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tight control of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in endothelial cells is essential for the regulation of endothelial barrier function. Here, we investigated the role of Cavβ3, a subunit of voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav) channels, in modulating Ca2+ signaling in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and how this contributes to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. METHODS We investigated the function of Cavβ3 in BMECs by Ca2+ imaging and Western blot, examined the endothelial barrier function in vitro and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in vivo, and evaluated disease course after induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice using Cavβ3-/- (Cavβ3-deficient) mice as controls. RESULTS We identified Cavβ3 protein in BMECs, but electrophysiological recordings did not reveal significant Cav channel activity. In vivo, blood-brain barrier integrity was reduced in the absence of Cavβ3. After induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Cavβ3-/- mice showed earlier disease onset with exacerbated clinical disability and increased T-cell infiltration. In vitro, the transendothelial resistance of Cavβ3-/- BMEC monolayers was lower than that of wild-type BMEC monolayers, and the organization of the junctional protein ZO-1 (zona occludens-1) was impaired. Thrombin stimulates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Ca2+ release, which facilitates cell contraction and enhances endothelial barrier permeability via Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of MLC (myosin light chain). These effects were more pronounced in Cavβ3-/- than in wild-type BMECs, whereas the differences were abolished in the presence of the MLCK (MLC kinase) inhibitor ML-7. Expression of Cacnb3 cDNA in Cavβ3-/- BMECs restored the wild-type phenotype. Coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry demonstrated the association of Cavβ3 with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor proteins. CONCLUSIONS Independent of its function as a subunit of Cav channels, Cavβ3 interacts with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor and is involved in the tight control of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and Ca2+-dependent MLC phosphorylation in BMECs, and this role of Cavβ3 in BMECs contributes to blood-brain barrier integrity and attenuates the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Male
- Mice
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Calcium Channels/genetics
- Calcium Signaling
- Capillary Permeability
- Cells, Cultured
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myosin Light Chains/metabolism
- Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase/metabolism
- Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase/genetics
- Phosphorylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Martus
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sarah K Williams
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (S.K.W., K.P., R.F., R.D.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (R.F., S.K.W.)
| | - Kira Pichi
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (S.K.W., K.P., R.F., R.D.)
| | - Stefanie Mannebach-Götz
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kaiser
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Wardas
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus R Meyer
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schmitz
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie (F.S.), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beck
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Richard Fairless
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (S.K.W., K.P., R.F., R.D.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (R.F., S.K.W.)
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (S.K.W., K.P., R.F., R.D.)
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anouar Belkacemi
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
- Now with Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany (A. Belkacemi)
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2
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Bala V, Patel V, Sewell-Loftin MK. Cadherin Expression Is Regulated by Mechanical Phenotypes of Fibroblasts in the Perivascular Matrix. Cells Tissues Organs 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38768571 DOI: 10.1159/000539319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The influence of mechanical forces generated by stromal cells in the perivascular matrix is thought to be a key regulator in controlling blood vessel growth. Cadherins are mechanosensors that facilitate and maintain cell-cell interactions and blood vessel integrity, but little is known about how stromal cells regulate cadherin signaling in the vasculature. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between mechanical phenotypes of stromal cells with cadherin expression in 3D tissue engineering models of vascular growth. METHODS Stromal cell lines were subjected to a bead displacement assay to track matrix distortions and characterize mechanical phenotypes in 3D microtissue models. These cells included human ventricular cardiac (NHCF), dermal (NHDF), lung (NHLF), breast cancer-associated (CAF), and normal breast fibroblasts (NBF). Cells were embedded in a fibrin matrix (10 mg/mL) with fluorescent tracker beads; images were collected every 30 min. We also studied endothelial cells (ECs) in co-culture with mechanically active or inactive stromal cells and quantified N-Cad, OB-Cad, and VE-Cad expression using immunofluorescence. RESULTS Bead displacement studies identified mechanically active stromal cells (CAFs, NHCFs, NHDFs) that generate matrix distortions and mechanically inactive cells (NHLFs, NBFs). CAFs, NHCFs, and NHDFs displaced the matrix with an average magnitude of 3.17 ± 0.11 μm, 3.13 ± 0.06 μm, and 2.76 ± 0.05 μm, respectively, while NHLFs and NBFs displaced the matrix with an average of 1.82 ± 0.05 μm and 2.66 ± 0.06 μm in fibrin gels. Compared to ECs only, CAFs + ECs as well as NBFs + ECs in 3D co-culture significantly decreased expression of VE-Cad; in addition, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient for N-Cad and VE-Cad showed a strong correlation (>0.7), suggesting cadherin colocalization. Using a microtissue model, we demonstrated that mechanical phenotypes associated with increased matrix deformations correspond to enhanced angiogenic growth. The results could suggest a mechanism to control tight junction regulation in developing vascular beds for tissue engineering scaffolds or understanding vascular growth during developmental processes. CONCLUSION Our studies provide novel data for how mechanical phenotype of stromal cells in combination with secreted factor profiles is related to cadherin regulation, localization, and vascularization potential in 3D microtissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Bala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Vidhi Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mary Kathryn Sewell-Loftin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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3
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Chen XY, Cheng AY, Wang ZY, Jin JM, Lin JY, Wang B, Guan YY, Zhang H, Jiang YX, Luan X, Zhang LJ. Dbl family RhoGEFs in cancer: different roles and targeting strategies. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116141. [PMID: 38499108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Small Ras homologous guanosine triphosphatase (Rho GTPase) family proteins are highly associated with tumorigenesis and development. As intrinsic exchange activity regulators of Rho GTPases, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs) have been demonstrated to be closely involved in tumor development and received increasing attention. They mainly contain two families: the diffuse B-cell lymphoma (Dbl) family and the dedicator of cytokinesis (Dock) family. More and more emphasis has been paid to the Dbl family members for their abnormally high expression in various cancers and their correlation to poor prognosis. In this review, the common and distinctive structures of Dbl family members are discussed, and their roles in cancer are summarized with a focus on Ect2, Tiam1/2, P-Rex1/2, Vav1/2/3, Trio, KALRN, and LARG. Significantly, the strategies targeting Dbl family RhoGEFs are highlighted as novel therapeutic opportunities for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ao-Yu Cheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Tianjin University of Science&Technology, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jin-Mei Jin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Yi Lin
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying-Yun Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Xin Jiang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xin Luan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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4
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Joulia R, Puttur F, Stölting H, Traves WJ, Entwistle LJ, Voitovich A, Garcia Martín M, Al-Sahaf M, Bonner K, Scotney E, Molyneaux PL, Hewitt RJ, Walker SA, Yates L, Saglani S, Lloyd CM. Mast cell activation disrupts interactions between endothelial cells and pericytes during early life allergic asthma. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173676. [PMID: 38487999 PMCID: PMC10940085 DOI: 10.1172/jci173676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma generally starts during early life and is linked to substantial tissue remodeling and lung dysfunction. Although angiogenesis is a feature of the disrupted airway, the impact of allergic asthma on the pulmonary microcirculation during early life is unknown. Here, using quantitative imaging in precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs), we report that exposure of neonatal mice to house dust mite (HDM) extract disrupts endothelial cell/pericyte interactions in adventitial areas. Central to the blood vessel structure, the loss of pericyte coverage was driven by mast cell (MC) proteases, such as tryptase, that can induce pericyte retraction and loss of the critical adhesion molecule N-cadherin. Furthermore, spatial transcriptomics of pediatric asthmatic endobronchial biopsies suggests intense vascular stress and remodeling linked with increased expression of MC activation pathways in regions enriched in blood vessels. These data provide previously unappreciated insights into the pathophysiology of allergic asthma with potential long-term vascular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Joulia
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Franz Puttur
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Helen Stölting
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - William J. Traves
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Lewis J. Entwistle
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Anastasia Voitovich
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Minerva Garcia Martín
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - May Al-Sahaf
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Katie Bonner
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Scotney
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philip L. Molyneaux
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard J. Hewitt
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Simone A. Walker
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Laura Yates
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Sejal Saglani
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Clare M. Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
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5
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Lee Q, Chan WC, Qu X, Sun Y, Abdelkarim H, Le J, Saqib U, Sun MY, Kruse K, Banerjee A, Hitchinson B, Geyer M, Huang F, Guaiquil V, Mutso AA, Sanders M, Rosenblatt MI, Maienschein-Cline M, Lawrence MS, Gaponenko V, Malik AB, Komarova YA. End binding-3 inhibitor activates regenerative program in age-related macular degeneration. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101223. [PMID: 37794584 PMCID: PMC10591057 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by leaky neovessels emanating from the choroid, is a main cause of blindness. As current treatments for wet AMD require regular intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) biologics, there is a need for the development of less invasive treatments. Here, we designed an allosteric inhibitor of end binding-3 (EB3) protein, termed EBIN, which reduces the effects of environmental stresses on endothelial cells by limiting pathological calcium signaling. Delivery of EBIN via eye drops in mouse and non-human primate (NHP) models of wet AMD prevents both neovascular leakage and choroidal neovascularization. EBIN reverses the epigenetic changes induced by environmental stresses, allowing an activation of a regenerative program within metabolic-active endothelial cells comprising choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesions. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of EBIN in preventing the degenerative processes underlying wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wan Ching Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xinyan Qu
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Le
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Uzma Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mitchell Y Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kevin Kruse
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Avik Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ben Hitchinson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Melissa Geyer
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Victor Guaiquil
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amelia A Mutso
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | - Vadim Gaponenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yulia A Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and The Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Burke-Kleinman J, Rubianto J, Hou G, Santerre JP, Bendeck MP. Matrix-Binding, N-Cadherin-Targeting Chimeric Peptide Inhibits Intimal Thickening but Not Endothelial Repair in Balloon-Injured Carotid Arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1639-1652. [PMID: 37409527 PMCID: PMC10443629 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of occluded vessels can involve angioplasty, stenting, and bypass grafting, which can be limited by restenosis and thrombosis. Drug-eluting stents attenuate restenosis, but the current drugs used are cytotoxic, causing smooth muscle cell (SMC) and endothelial cell (EC) death that may lead to late thrombosis. N-cadherin is a junctional protein expressed by SMCs, which promotes directional SMC migration contributing to restenosis. We propose that engaging N-cadherin with mimetic peptides can act as a cell type-selective therapeutic strategy to inhibit polarization and directional migration of SMCs without negatively impacting ECs. METHODS We designed a novel N-cadherin-targeting chimeric peptide with a histidine-alanine-valine cadherin-binding motif, combined with a fibronectin-binding motif from Staphylococcus aureus. This peptide was tested in SMC and EC culture assays of migration, viability, and apoptosis. Rat carotid arteries were balloon injured and treated with the N-cadherin peptide. RESULTS Treating scratch-wounded SMCs with the N-cadherin-targeting peptide inhibited migration and reduced polarization of wound-edge cells. The peptide colocalized with fibronectin. Importantly, EC junction, permeability, or migration was not impacted by peptide treatment in vitro. We also demonstrated that the chimeric peptide persisted for 24 hours after transient delivery in the balloon-injured rat carotid artery. Treatment with the N-cadherin-targeting chimeric peptide reduced intimal thickening in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries at 1 and 2 weeks after injury. Reendothelialization of injured vessels after 2 weeks was unimpaired by peptide treatment. CONCLUSIONS These studies show that an N-cadherin-binding and fibronectin-binding chimeric peptide is effective in inhibiting SMC migration in vitro and in vivo and limiting neointimal hyperplasia after balloon angioplasty without affecting EC repair. These results establish the potential of an advantageous SMC-selective strategy for antirestenosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Burke-Kleinman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (J.B.-K., G.H., M.P.B.), University of Toronto, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada (J.B.-K., J.R., G.H., J.P.S., M.P.B.)
| | - Jonathan Rubianto
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., J.P.S.), University of Toronto, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada (J.B.-K., J.R., G.H., J.P.S., M.P.B.)
| | - Guangpei Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (J.B.-K., G.H., M.P.B.), University of Toronto, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada (J.B.-K., J.R., G.H., J.P.S., M.P.B.)
| | - J. Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., J.P.S.), University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering (J.P.S.), University of Toronto, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada (J.B.-K., J.R., G.H., J.P.S., M.P.B.)
| | - Michelle P. Bendeck
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering (J.P.S.), University of Toronto, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Canada (J.B.-K., J.R., G.H., J.P.S., M.P.B.)
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7
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Cervantes-Villagrana RD, García-Jiménez I, Vázquez-Prado J. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Rho GTPases (RhoGEFs) as oncogenic effectors and strategic therapeutic targets in metastatic cancer. Cell Signal 2023; 109:110749. [PMID: 37290677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer cells dynamically adjust their shape to adhere, invade, migrate, and expand to generate secondary tumors. Inherent to these processes is the constant assembly and disassembly of cytoskeletal supramolecular structures. The subcellular places where cytoskeletal polymers are built and reorganized are defined by the activation of Rho GTPases. These molecular switches directly respond to signaling cascades integrated by Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), which are sophisticated multidomain proteins that control morphological behavior of cancer and stromal cells in response to cell-cell interactions, tumor-secreted factors and actions of oncogenic proteins within the tumor microenvironment. Stromal cells, including fibroblasts, immune and endothelial cells, and even projections of neuronal cells, adjust their shapes and move into growing tumoral masses, building tumor-induced structures that eventually serve as metastatic routes. Here we review the role of RhoGEFs in metastatic cancer. They are highly diverse proteins with common catalytic modules that select among a variety of homologous Rho GTPases enabling them to load GTP, acquiring an active conformation that stimulates effectors controlling actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Therefore, due to their strategic position in oncogenic signaling cascades, and their structural diversity flanking common catalytic modules, RhoGEFs possess unique characteristics that make them conceptual targets of antimetastatic precision therapies. Preclinical proof of concept, demonstrating the antimetastatic effect of inhibiting either expression or activity of βPix (ARHGEF7), P-Rex1, Vav1, ARHGEF17, and Dock1, among others, is emerging.
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8
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Santana Nunez D, Malik AB, Lee Q, Ahn SJ, Coctecon-Murillo A, Lazarko D, Levitan I, Mehta D, Komarova YA. Piezo1 induces endothelial responses to shear stress via soluble adenylyl Cyclase-IP 3R2 circuit. iScience 2023; 26:106661. [PMID: 37168565 PMCID: PMC10164902 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) continuously sense and adapt to changes in shear stress generated by blood flow. Here, we show that the activation of the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 by defined shear forces induces Ca2+ entry into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the ER Ca2+ ATPase pump. This entry is followed by inositol trisphosphate receptor 2 (IP3R2)-elicited ER Ca2+ release into the cytosol. The mechanism of ER Ca2+ release involves the generation of cAMP by soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), leading to IP3R2-evoked Ca2+ gating. Depleting sAC or IP3R2 prevents ER Ca2+ release and blocks EC alignment in the direction of flow. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt1 restores the shear-induced alignment of ECs lacking Piezo1 or IP3R2, as well as the flow-induced vasodilation in endothelial restricted Piezo1 knockout mice. These studies describe an unknown Piezo1-cAMP-IP3R2 circuit as an essential mechanism activating Akt signaling and inducing adaptive changes in ECs to laminar flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianicha Santana Nunez
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Asrar B. Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Quinn Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sang Joon Ahn
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arnold Coctecon-Murillo
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dana Lazarko
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irena Levitan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yulia A. Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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9
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Warren E, Gerecht S. BEYOND THE ENDOTHELIUM: THE ROLE OF MURAL CELLS IN VASCULAR BIOLOGY: In vitro systems to study endothelial/pericyte cell interactions. VASCULAR BIOLOGY (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2023; 5:e220021. [PMID: 36645735 PMCID: PMC9989888 DOI: 10.1530/vb-22-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The vasculature is crucial for tissue development and survival, and the stability of blood vessels to perform these functions relies on the interplay between endothelial cells (ECs) and mural cells. Pericytes are a subtype of mural cells found in the microvasculature that extend their processes to wrap around the endothelial monolayer. Pericytes are recruited during vessel growth through the excretion of soluble factors from ECs where they stabilize angiogenic sprouts and induce maturation of the resident cells. Alterations in these interactions between ECs and pericytes are associated with aberrant vessel growth and disrupted vasculature function characteristic of numerous diseases. Therefore, deeper understanding of the cross-talk between these cell types has numerous implications for understanding morphogenesis and elucidating disease mechanisms. In this review, we highlight recent advances and current trends studying the interactions between ECs and pericytes in vitro. We begin by analyzing three-dimensional hydrogel platforms that mimic the tissue extracellular matrix to investigate signaling pathways and altered vascular function in disease-specific cells. We next examine how microfluidic vasculature-on-a-chip platforms have elucidated the interplay of these vascular cells during angiogenesis and vascular network formation under controlled physiochemical cues and interstitial flow. Additionally, studies have utilized microvessels to measure the effect of shear stress on barrier function through the control of luminal flow and the impact of inflammation on these vascular cell interactions. Finally, we briefly highlight self-assembling human blood vessel organoids, an emerging high-throughput platform to study ECs and pericyte interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Warren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Wen H, Chen W, Chen Y, Wei G, Ni T. Integrative analysis of Iso-Seq and RNA-seq reveals dynamic changes of alternative promoter, alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation during Angiotensin II-induced senescence in rat primary aortic endothelial cells. Front Genet 2023; 14:1064624. [PMID: 36741323 PMCID: PMC9892061 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1064624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, alternative promoter (AP), alternative splicing (AS), and alternative polyadenylation (APA) are three crucial regulatory mechanisms that modulate message RNA (mRNA) diversity. Although AP, AS and APA are involved in diverse biological processess, whether they have dynamic changes in Angiotensin II (Ang II) induced senescence in rat primary aortic endothelial cells (RAECs), an important cellular model for studying cardiovascular disease, remains unclear. Here we integrated both PacBio single-molecule long-read isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) and Illumina short-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze the changes of AP, AS and APA in Ang II-induced senescent RAECs. Iso-Seq generated 36,278 isoforms from 10,145 gene loci and 65.81% of these isoforms are novel, which were further cross-validated by public data obtained by other techonologies such as CAGE, PolyA-Seq and 3'READS. APA contributed most to novel isoforms, followed by AS and AP. Further investigation showed that AP, AS and APA could all contribute to the regulation of isoform, but AS has more dynamic changes compared to AP and APA upon Ang II stimulation. Genes undergoing AP, AS and APA in Ang II-treated cells are enriched in various pathways related to aging or senescence, suggesting that these molecular changes are involved in functional alterations during Ang II-induced senescence. Together, the present study largely improved the annotation of rat genome and revealed gene expression changes at isoform level, extending the understanding of the complexity of gene regulation in Ang II-treated RAECs, and also provided novel clues for discovering the regulatory mechanism undelying Ang II caused vascular senescence and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Wen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Ting Ni, ; Gang Wei,
| | - Ting Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Ting Ni, ; Gang Wei,
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11
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Sheikh MA, O'Connell KS, Lekva T, Szabo A, Akkouh IA, Osete JR, Agartz I, Engh JA, Andreou D, Boye B, Bøen E, Elvsåshagen T, Hope S, Frogner Werner MC, Joa I, Johnsen E, Kroken RA, Lagerberg TV, Melle I, Drange OK, Morken G, Nærland T, Sørensen K, Vaaler AE, Weibell MA, Westlye LT, Aukrust P, Djurovic S, Steen NE, Andreassen OA, Ueland T. Systemic Cell Adhesion Molecules in Severe Mental Illness: Potential Role of Intercellular CAM-1 in Linking Peripheral and Neuroinflammation. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:187-196. [PMID: 36182530 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) orchestrate leukocyte trafficking and could link peripheral and neuroinflammation in patients with severe mental illness (SMI), by promoting inflammatory and immune-mediated responses and mediating signals across blood-brain barrier. We hypothesized that CAMs would be dysregulated in SMI and evaluated plasma levels of different vascular and neural CAMs. Dysregulated CAMs in plasma were further evaluated in vivo in leukocytes and brain tissue and in vitro in induced pluripotent stem cells. METHODS We compared plasma soluble levels of different vascular (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, P-SEL) and neural (JAM-A, NCAD) CAMs in circulating leukocytes in a large SMI sample of schizophrenia (SCZ) spectrum disorder (n = 895) and affective disorder (n = 737) and healthy control participants (n = 1070) controlling for age, sex, body mass index, C-reactive protein, and freezer storage time. We also evaluated messenger RNA expression of ICAM1 and related genes encoding ICAM-1 receptors in leukocytes using microarray (n = 842) and in available RNA sequencing data from the CommonMind Consortium (CMC) in postmortem samples from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (n = 474). The regulation of soluble ICAM-1 in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and astrocytes was assessed in patients with SCZ and healthy control participants (n = 8 of each). RESULTS Our major findings were 1) increased soluble ICAM-1 in patients with SMI compared with healthy control participants; 2) increased ITGB2 messenger RNA, encoding the beta chain of the ICAM-1 receptor, in circulating leukocytes from patients with SMI and increased prefrontal cortex messenger RNA expression of ICAM1 in SCZ; and 3) enhanced soluble ICAM-1 release in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from patients with SCZ. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a systemic and cerebral dysregulation of soluble ICAM-1 expression in SMI and especially in patients with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashhood A Sheikh
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S O'Connell
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Attila Szabo
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ibrahim A Akkouh
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jordi Requena Osete
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John A Engh
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Vestfold Hospital Trust, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Dimitrios Andreou
- NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrun Hope
- Department of Neuro Habilitation, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maren Caroline Frogner Werner
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge Joa
- Network for Clinical Psychosis Research, Division of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rune A Kroken
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT Centre of Excellence, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trine Vik Lagerberg
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Kristian Drange
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Østmarka, Division of Mental Health, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, Sørlandet Hospital HF, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Gunnar Morken
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Kjetil Sørensen
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne E Vaaler
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Østmarka, Division of Mental Health, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Melissa Authen Weibell
- Network for Clinical Psychosis Research, Division of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
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12
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Bai M, Zhang Z, Chen H, Liu X, Xie J. Paxillin tunes the relationship between cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions to regulate stiffness-dependent dentinogenesis. Regen Biomater 2022; 10:rbac100. [PMID: 36683745 PMCID: PMC9847533 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stiffness is recognized as a key physical factor and directs cell function via a mechanotransduction process, from extracellular physical cues to intracellular signaling cascades that affect transcriptional activity. Cells continually receive mechanical signals from both the surrounding matrix and adjacent cells. However, how mechanical stiffness cue at cell-substrate interfaces coordinates cell-cell junctions in guiding mesenchymal stem cell behaviors is poorly understood. Here, polydimethylsiloxane substrates with different stiffnesses were used to study mechanosensation/transduction mechanisms in controlling odontogenic differentiation of dental papilla cells (DPCs). DPC phenotypes (morphology and differentiation) changed in response to the applied force derived from stiff substrates. Significantly, higher expression of paxillin on stiffer substrates promoted DPC dentinogenesis. Upon treatment with siRNA to knockdown paxillin, N-cadherin increased mainly in the cytomembrane at the area of cell-cell contacts, whereas β-catenin decreased in the nuclei. The result of a double luciferase reporter assay showed that stiffness promoted β-catenin binding to TCF, which could coactivate the target genes associated with odontogenic differentiation, as evidenced by bioinformatics analysis. Finally, we determined that the addition of a β-catenin inhibitor suppressed DPC mineralization in all the stiffness groups. Thus, our results indicated that a mechanotransduction process from cell-substrate interactions to cell-cell adhesions was required for DPC odontogenic differentiation under the stimulation of substrate stiffness. This finding suggests that stem cell fate specification under the stimulus of stiffness at the substrates is based on crosstalk between substrate interactions and adherens junctions, which provides an essential mechanism for cell-based tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingru Bai
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (M.B.); (J.X.)
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Correspondence address. E-mail: (M.B.); (J.X.)
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13
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A current overview of RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC functions in vascular biology and pathology. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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McEvoy E, Sneh T, Moeendarbary E, Javanmardi Y, Efimova N, Yang C, Marino-Bravante GE, Chen X, Escribano J, Spill F, Garcia-Aznar JM, Weeraratna AT, Svitkina TM, Kamm RD, Shenoy VB. Feedback between mechanosensitive signaling and active forces governs endothelial junction integrity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7089. [PMID: 36402771 PMCID: PMC9675837 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation and recovery of gaps in the vascular endothelium governs a wide range of physiological and pathological phenomena, from angiogenesis to tumor cell extravasation. However, the interplay between the mechanical and signaling processes that drive dynamic behavior in vascular endothelial cells is not well understood. In this study, we propose a chemo-mechanical model to investigate the regulation of endothelial junctions as dependent on the feedback between actomyosin contractility, VE-cadherin bond turnover, and actin polymerization, which mediate the forces exerted on the cell-cell interface. Simulations reveal that active cell tension can stabilize cadherin bonds, but excessive RhoA signaling can drive bond dissociation and junction failure. While actin polymerization aids gap closure, high levels of Rac1 can induce junction weakening. Combining the modeling framework with experiments, our model predicts the influence of pharmacological treatments on the junction state and identifies that a critical balance between RhoA and Rac1 expression is required to maintain junction stability. Our proposed framework can help guide the development of therapeutics that target the Rho family of GTPases and downstream active mechanical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin McEvoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, H91 HX31, Ireland
| | - Tal Sneh
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yousef Javanmardi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Nadia Efimova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Changsong Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gloria E Marino-Bravante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jorge Escribano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fabian Spill
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ashani T Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Tatyana M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Vivek B Shenoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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15
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Shao X, Liu Z, Mao S, Han L. Unraveling the Mechanobiology Underlying Traumatic Brain Injury with Advanced Technologies and Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200760. [PMID: 35841392 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide health and socioeconomic problem, associated with prolonged and complex neurological aftermaths, including a variety of functional deficits and neurodegenerative disorders. Research on the long-term effects has highlighted that TBI shall be regarded as a chronic health condition. The initiation and exacerbation of TBI involve a series of mechanical stimulations and perturbations, accompanied by mechanotransduction events within the brain tissues. Mechanobiology thus offers a unique perspective and likely promising approach to unravel the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms leading to neural cells dysfunction after TBI, which may contribute to the discovery of novel targets for future clinical treatment. This article investigates TBI and the subsequent brain dysfunction from a lens of neuromechanobiology. Following an introduction, the mechanobiological insights are examined into the molecular pathology of TBI, and then an overview is given of the latest research technologies to explore neuromechanobiology, with particular focus on microfluidics and biomaterials. Challenges and prospects in the current field are also discussed. Through this article, it is hoped that extensive technical innovation in biomedical devices and materials can be encouraged to advance the field of neuromechanobiology, paving potential ways for the research and rehabilitation of neurotrauma and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Shao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.,Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhongqian Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shijie Mao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
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16
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Naranjo O, Osborne O, Torices S, Toborek M. In Vivo Targeting of the Neurovascular Unit: Challenges and Advancements. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:2131-2146. [PMID: 34086179 PMCID: PMC9056891 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). Functions of the BBB are performed by the neurovascular unit (NVU), which consists of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, basement membrane, and neurons. NVU cells interact closely and together are responsible for neurovascular coupling, BBB integrity, and transendothelial fluid transport. Studies have shown that NVU dysfunction is implicated in several acute and chronic neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. The mechanisms of NVU disruption remain poorly understood, partially due to difficulties in selective targeting of NVU cells. In this review, we discuss the relative merits of available protein markers and drivers of the NVU along with recent advancements that have been made in the field to increase efficiency and specificity of NVU research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oandy Naranjo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Olivia Osborne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Gautier Bldg., Room 528, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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17
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Tanaka S, Zheng S, Kharel Y, Fritzemeier RG, Huang T, Foster D, Poudel N, Goggins E, Yamaoka Y, Rudnicka KP, Lipsey JE, Radel HV, Ryuh SM, Inoue T, Yao J, Rosin DL, Schwab SR, Santos WL, Lynch KR, Okusa MD. Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling in perivascular cells enhances inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj2681. [PMID: 35976996 PMCID: PMC9873476 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized by sustained inflammation and progressive fibrosis, is highly prevalent and can eventually progress to end-stage kidney disease. However, current treatments to slow CKD progression are limited. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a product of sphingolipid catabolism, is a pleiotropic mediator involved in many cellular functions, and drugs targeting S1P signaling have previously been studied particularly for autoimmune diseases. The primary mechanism of most of these drugs is functional antagonism of S1P receptor-1 (S1P1) expressed on lymphocytes and the resultant immunosuppressive effect. Here, we documented the role of local S1P signaling in perivascular cells in the progression of kidney fibrosis using primary kidney perivascular cells and several conditional mouse models. S1P was predominantly produced by sphingosine kinase 2 in kidney perivascular cells and exported via spinster homolog 2 (Spns2). It bound to S1P1 expressed in perivascular cells to enhance production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines upon injury, leading to immune cell infiltration and subsequent fibrosis. A small-molecule Spns2 inhibitor blocked S1P transport, resulting in suppression of inflammatory signaling in human and mouse kidney perivascular cells in vitro and amelioration of kidney fibrosis in mice. Our study provides insight into the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis by S1P and demonstrates the potential of Spns2 inhibition as a treatment for CKD and potentially other inflammatory and fibrotic diseases that avoids the adverse events associated with systemic modulation of S1P receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shuqiu Zheng
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Yugesh Kharel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Russell G. Fritzemeier
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Daniel Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Nabin Poudel
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Eibhlin Goggins
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Yusuke Yamaoka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Kinga P. Rudnicka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Lipsey
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Hope V. Radel
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Sophia M. Ryuh
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Junlan Yao
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Diane L. Rosin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Susan R. Schwab
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY, New York 10016, USA
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Kevin R. Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Mark D. Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA.,Corresponding author.
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18
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Jones JH, Minshall RD. Endothelial Transcytosis in Acute Lung Injury: Emerging Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Physiol 2022; 13:828093. [PMID: 35431977 PMCID: PMC9008570 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.828093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is characterized by widespread inflammation which in its severe form, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), leads to compromise in respiration causing hypoxemia and death in a substantial number of affected individuals. Loss of endothelial barrier integrity, pneumocyte necrosis, and circulating leukocyte recruitment into the injured lung are recognized mechanisms that contribute to the progression of ALI/ARDS. Additionally, damage to the pulmonary microvasculature by Gram-negative and positive bacteria or viruses (e.g., Escherichia coli, SARS-Cov-2) leads to increased protein and fluid permeability and interstitial edema, further impairing lung function. While most of the vascular leakage is attributed to loss of inter-endothelial junctional integrity, studies in animal models suggest that transendothelial transport of protein through caveolar vesicles, known as transcytosis, occurs in the early phase of ALI/ARDS. Here, we discuss the role of transcytosis in healthy and injured endothelium and highlight recent studies that have contributed to our understanding of the process during ALI/ARDS. We also cover potential approaches that utilize caveolar transport to deliver therapeutics to the lungs which may prevent further injury or improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Richard D. Minshall,
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19
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Blaschuk OW. Potential Therapeutic Applications of N-Cadherin Antagonists and Agonists. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:866200. [PMID: 35309924 PMCID: PMC8927039 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.866200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the cell adhesion molecule (CAM), known as neural (N)-cadherin (CDH2). The molecular basis of N-cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion is discussed, as well as the intracellular signaling pathways regulated by this CAM. N-cadherin antagonists and agonists are then described, and several potential therapeutic applications of these intercellular adhesion modulators are considered. The usefulness of N-cadherin antagonists in treating fibrotic diseases and cancer, as well as manipulating vascular function are emphasized. Biomaterials incorporating N-cadherin modulators for tissue regeneration are also presented. N-cadherin antagonists and agonists have potential for broad utility in the treatment of numerous maladies.
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20
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Canadas RF, Liu Z, Gasperini L, Fernandes DC, Maia FR, Reis RL, Marques AP, Liu C, Oliveira JM. Numerical and experimental simulation of a dynamic-rotational 3D cell culture for stratified living tissue models. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35172294 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac55a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human tissues and organs are inherently heterogeneous, and their functionality is determined by the interplay between cell types, their secondary architecture, and gradients of signalling molecules and metabolites. To mimic the dynamics of native tissues, perfusion bioreactors and microfluidic devices are widely used, enhancing cell culture viability in the core of 3D constructs. Still, most in vitro methods for drug screening include cell or tissue exposure to constant and homogeneous compound concentrations over the testing period. Moreover, a prevalent issue inhibiting the large-scale adoption of microfluidics and bioreactors is the tubing dependence to induce a perfusion regime. Here, we propose a compartmentalized rotational (CR) bioreactor for stable control over gradient tissue culture conditions. Using the CR bioreactor, adjacent culture lanes are patterned by controlled flow dynamics to enable tissue stratification. Numerical and experimental models demonstrate cell seeding dynamics, as well as culture media rotational perfusion and gradient formations. Additionally, the developed system induces vertical and horizontal rotations, which increase medium exchange and homogeneous construct maturation, allowing both perfused tubing-based and tubing-free approaches. As a proof-of-concept, experiments are accompanied by a numerical model able to simulate the cellular inoculation, growth, and dynamic cell culture in 3D scaffolds and hydrogel. The examination of a blood-brain-barrier (BBB) model demonstrates the impact of a heterotypic culture on molecular permeability under mimetic dynamic conditions. Briefly, the present work discloses the simulation of 3D dynamic cultures, and a semi-automated platform for heterotypic tissues in vitro modelling, for broad tissue engineering and drug discovery/screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael F Canadas
- University of Minho, 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandr, Braga, 4704-553, PORTUGAL
| | - Ziyu Liu
- University College London, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, London, WC1E 6BT, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Luca Gasperini
- University of Minho, 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandr, Guimaraes, 4805-017, PORTUGAL
| | - Diogo C Fernandes
- University of Minho, 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandr, Guimaraes, 4805-017, PORTUGAL
| | - Fátima Raquel Maia
- , University of Minho, 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandr, Guimaraes, 4805-017, PORTUGAL
| | - Rui L Reis
- University of Minho, 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandr, Guimaraes, 4805-017, PORTUGAL
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- University of Minho, 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandr, Guimaraes, 4805-017, PORTUGAL
| | - Chaozong Liu
- University College London, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, London, HA7 4LP, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- University of Minho, 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandr, Guimaraes, 4805-017, PORTUGAL
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21
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Tefft JB, Bays JL, Lammers A, Kim S, Eyckmans J, Chen CS. Notch1 and Notch3 coordinate for pericyte-induced stabilization of vasculature. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C185-C196. [PMID: 34878922 PMCID: PMC8791789 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00320.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Notch pathway regulates complex patterning events in many species and is critical for the proper formation and function of the vasculature. Despite this importance, how the various components of the Notch pathway work in concert is still not well understood. For example, NOTCH1 stabilizes homotypic endothelial junctions, but the role of NOTCH1 in heterotypic interactions is not entirely clear. NOTCH3, on the other hand, is essential for heterotypic interactions of pericytes with the endothelium, but how NOTCH3 signaling in pericytes impacts the endothelium remains elusive. Here, we use in vitro vascular models to investigate whether pericyte-induced stabilization of the vasculature requires the cooperation of NOTCH1 and NOTCH3. We observe that both pericyte NOTCH3 and endothelial NOTCH1 are required for the stabilization of the endothelium. Loss of either NOTCH3 or NOTCH1 decreases the accumulation of VE-cadherin at endothelial adherens junctions and increases the frequency of wider, more motile junctions. We found that DLL4 was the key ligand for simulating NOTCH1 activation in endothelial cells and observed that DLL4 expression in pericytes is dependent on NOTCH3. Altogether, these data suggest that an interplay between pericyte NOTCH3 and endothelial NOTCH1 is critical for pericyte-induced vascular stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliann B. Tefft
- 1The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer L. Bays
- 1The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts,2The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alex Lammers
- 1The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts,2The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sudong Kim
- 1The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts,2The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeroen Eyckmans
- 1The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts,2The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher S. Chen
- 1The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts,2The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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22
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Abstract
Cell migration, a crucial step in numerous biological processes, is tightly regulated in space and time. Cells employ Rho GTPases, primarily Rho, Rac, and Cdc42, to regulate their motility. Like other small G proteins, Rho GTPases function as biomolecular switches in regulating cell migration by operating between GDP bound 'OFF' and GTP bound 'ON' states. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) catalyse the shuttling of GTPases from OFF to ON state. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors that are involved in many signalling phenomena including cell survival and cell migration events. In this review, we summarize signalling mechanisms, involving GPCRs, leading to the activation of RhoGEFs. GPCRs exhibit diverse GEF activation modes that include the interaction of heterotrimeric G protein subunits with different domains of GEFs, phosphorylation, protein-protein interaction, protein-lipid interaction, and/or a combination of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Omble
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kiran Kulkarni
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India,CONTACT Kiran Kulkarni Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (Acsir), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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23
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Novel infection of pericytes by Andes virus enhances endothelial cell permeability. Virus Res 2021; 306:198584. [PMID: 34624404 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Andes Virus (ANDV) non-lytically infects pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) causing a severe capillary leak syndrome termed Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS). Basolaterally, PMECs are in contact with pericytes which play critical roles in regulating PMEC permeability and immune cell recruitment. We discovered that ANDV persistently infects primary human vascular pericytes for up to 9 days, and that PMEC monolayer permeability was increased by supernatants from ANDV-infected pericytes. Pericyte-directed PMEC permeability was consistent with the high-level secretion of the permeability factor VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) elicited by ANDV-infected pericytes. These findings suggest that ANDV infection of pericytes augments PMEC permeability and reveal a novel mechanism of pericyte-directed vascular barrier dysfunction that contributes to HPS and provides new therapeutic targets.
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24
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The RhoGEF Trio: A Protein with a Wide Range of Functions in the Vascular Endothelium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810168. [PMID: 34576329 PMCID: PMC8467920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cellular processes are controlled by small GTPases, which can be activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). The RhoGEF Trio contains two GEF domains that differentially activate the small GTPases such as Rac1/RhoG and RhoA. These small RhoGTPases are mainly involved in the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. In the endothelium, they regulate junctional stabilization and play a crucial role in angiogenesis and endothelial barrier integrity. Multiple extracellular signals originating from different vascular processes can influence the activity of Trio and thereby the regulation of the forementioned small GTPases and actin cytoskeleton. This review elucidates how various signals regulate Trio in a distinct manner, resulting in different functional outcomes that are crucial for endothelial cell function in response to inflammation.
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25
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Hollander M, Do T, Will T, Helms V. Detecting Rewiring Events in Protein-Protein Interaction Networks Based on Transcriptomic Data. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 1:724297. [PMID: 36303788 PMCID: PMC9581068 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2021.724297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins rarely carry out their cellular functions in isolation. Instead, eukaryotic proteins engage in about six interactions with other proteins on average. The aggregated protein interactome of an organism forms a “hairy ball”-type protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Yet, in a typical human cell, only about half of all proteins are expressed at a particular time. Hence, it has become common practice to prune the full PPI network to the subset of expressed proteins. If RNAseq data is available, one can further resolve the specific protein isoforms present in a cell or tissue. Here, we review various approaches, software tools and webservices that enable users to construct context-specific or tissue-specific PPI networks and how these are rewired between two cellular conditions. We illustrate their different functionalities on the example of the interactions involving the human TNR6 protein. In an outlook, we describe how PPI networks may be integrated with epigenetic data or with data on the activity of splicing factors.
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26
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Evaluation of Signaling Pathways Profiling in Human Dermal Endothelial Cells Treated by Snake Venom Cysteine-Rich Secretory Proteins (svCRiSPs) from North American Snakes Using Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA). Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090613. [PMID: 34564617 PMCID: PMC8473428 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-Rich Secretory Proteins (CRiSPs) are typically found in many snake venoms; however, the role that these toxins play in the pathophysiology of snakebites is still unclear. Herein, we compared the effects of snake venom CRiSPs (svCRiSPs) from the most medically important species of North American snakes on endothelial cell permeability and vascular permeability. We used reverse phase protein array (RPPA) to identify key signaling molecules on human dermal lymphatic (HDLECs) and blood (HDBECs) endothelial cells treated with svCRiSPs. The results showed that Css-CRiSP isolated from Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus and App-CRiSP from Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus are the most potent causes of increase vascular and endothelial permeability in comparison with other svCRiSPs used in this study. We examined the protein expression levels and their activated phosphorylation states in HDLECs and HDBECs induced by App-CRiSP and Css-CRiSP using RPPA. Interestingly, both App-CRiSP and Css-CRiSP induced caveolin-1 expression in HDBECs. We also found that stimulating HDBECs with Css-CRiSP and App-CRiSP significantly induced the phosphorylation of mTOR and Src, respectively. In HDLECs, Css-CRiSP significantly downregulated the expression of N-Cadherin and phospholipase C-gamma, while App-CRiSP significantly enhanced Akt and JNK phosphorylation. These results suggest that the increased endothelial permeability in HDLECs and HDBECs by Css-CRiSP and App-CRiSP may occur through different pathways.
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27
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Pascuali N, Scotti L, Oubiña G, de Zúñiga I, Gomez Peña M, Pomilio C, Saravia F, Tesone M, Abramovich D, Parborell F. Platelet-derived growth factor B restores vascular barrier integrity and diminishes permeability in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:585-600. [PMID: 32467982 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although advances in the prediction and management of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) have been introduced, complete prevention is not yet possible. Previously, we and other authors have shown that vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietins (ANGPTs) and sphingosine-1-phosphate are involved in OHSS etiology. In addition, we have demonstrated that ovarian protein levels of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) ligands -B and -D decrease in an OHSS rat model, whilst PDGFR-β and ANGPT2 remain unchanged. In the present work, we investigated the role of PDGF-B in OHSS by evaluating ligand protein levels in follicular fluid (FF) from women at risk of developing OHSS and by using an immature rat model of OHSS. We demonstrated that PDGF-B and PDGF-D are lower in FF from women at risk of developing OHSS compared to control patients (P < 0.05). In the OHSS rat model, PDGF-B (0.5 µg/ovary) administration decreased ovarian weight (P < 0.05), reduced serum progesterone (P < 0.05) and lowered the percentage of cysts (P < 0.05), compared to untreated OHSS rats, but had no effect on the proportion of follicles or corpora lutea (CL). PDGF-B treatment also restored the expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (P < 0.05) and P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P < 0.01) to control levels. In addition, PDGF-B increased the peri-endothelial cell area in CL and cystic structures, and reduced vascular permeability compared to untreated OHSS ovaries. Lastly, PDGF-B increased the levels of junction proteins claudin-5 (P < 0.05), occludin (P < 0.05) and β-catenin (P < 0.05), while boosting the extracellular deposition of collagen IV surrounding the ovarian vasculature (PP < 0.01), compared to OHSS alone. In conclusion, our findings indicate that PDGF-B could be another crucial mediator in the onset and development of OHSS, which may lead to the development of novel prediction markers and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pascuali
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leopoldina Scotti
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Oubiña
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Carlos Pomilio
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia Saravia
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Tesone
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dalhia Abramovich
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Parborell
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME) - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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28
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Butiaeva LI, Slutzki T, Swick HE, Bourguignon C, Robins SC, Liu X, Storch KF, Kokoeva MV. Leptin receptor-expressing pericytes mediate access of hypothalamic feeding centers to circulating leptin. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1433-1448.e5. [PMID: 34129812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of how leptin receptor (LepR) neurons of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) access circulating leptin is still rudimentary. Employing intravital microscopy, we found that almost half of the blood-vessel-enwrapping pericytes in the MBH express LepR. Selective disruption of pericytic LepR led to increased food intake, increased fat mass, and loss of leptin-dependent signaling in nearby LepR neurons. When delivered intravenously, fluorescently tagged leptin accumulated at hypothalamic LepR pericytes, which was attenuated upon pericyte-specific LepR loss. Because a paracellular tracer was also preferentially retained at LepR pericytes, we pharmacologically targeted regulators of inter-endothelial junction tightness and found that they affect LepR neuronal signaling and food intake. Optical imaging in MBH slices revealed a long-lasting, tonic calcium increase in LepR pericytes in response to leptin, suggesting pericytic contraction and vessel constriction. Together, our data indicate that LepR pericytes facilitate localized, paracellular blood-brain barrier leaks, enabling MBH LepR neurons to access circulating leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia I Butiaeva
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Tal Slutzki
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Hannah E Swick
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Clément Bourguignon
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Sarah C Robins
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Kai-Florian Storch
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Maia V Kokoeva
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Sluiter TJ, van Buul JD, Huveneers S, Quax PHA, de Vries MR. Endothelial Barrier Function and Leukocyte Transmigration in Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:328. [PMID: 33804952 PMCID: PMC8063931 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a highly specialized barrier that controls passage of fluids and migration of cells from the lumen into the vessel wall. Endothelial cells assist leukocytes to extravasate and despite the variety in the specific mechanisms utilized by different leukocytes to cross different vascular beds, there is a general principle of capture, rolling, slow rolling, arrest, crawling, and ultimately diapedesis via a paracellular or transcellular route. In atherosclerosis, the barrier function of the endothelium is impaired leading to uncontrolled leukocyte extravasation and vascular leakage. This is also observed in the neovessels that grow into the atherosclerotic plaque leading to intraplaque hemorrhage and plaque destabilization. This review focuses on the vascular endothelial barrier function and the interaction between endothelial cells and leukocytes during transmigration. We will discuss the role of endothelial dysfunction, transendothelial migration of leukocytes and plaque angiogenesis in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs J. Sluiter
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.J.S.); (P.H.A.Q.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap D. van Buul
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Paul H. A. Quax
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.J.S.); (P.H.A.Q.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet R. de Vries
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.J.S.); (P.H.A.Q.)
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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30
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Dessalles CA, Babataheri A, Barakat AI. Pericyte mechanics and mechanobiology. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:134/6/jcs240226. [PMID: 33753399 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are mural cells of the microvasculature, recognized by their thin processes and protruding cell body. Pericytes wrap around endothelial cells and play a central role in regulating various endothelial functions, including angiogenesis and inflammation. They also serve as a vascular support and regulate blood flow by contraction. Prior reviews have examined pericyte biological functions and biochemical signaling pathways. In this Review, we focus on the role of mechanics and mechanobiology in regulating pericyte function. After an overview of the morphology and structure of pericytes, we describe their interactions with both the basement membrane and endothelial cells. We then turn our attention to biophysical considerations, and describe contractile forces generated by pericytes, mechanical forces exerted on pericytes, and pericyte responses to these forces. Finally, we discuss 2D and 3D engineered in vitro models for studying pericyte mechano-responsiveness and underscore the need for more evolved models that provide improved understanding of pericyte function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Dessalles
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Avin Babataheri
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- LadHyX, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91120, Palaiseau, France
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31
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Quan X, Liu X, Qin X, Wang Y, Sun T, Li Z, Zhu L, Chen J, Zhou Y, Singh S, Dong H, Zhang Z, Zhang H. The role of LR-TIMAP/PP1c complex in the occurrence and development of no-reflow. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103251. [PMID: 33639401 PMCID: PMC7921471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of no-reflow can increase the risk of major adverse cardiac events and is widely regarded as an important sign of serious prognosis. Previous studies show that laminin receptor (LR) is closely related to the morphology and function of microvessels. However, whether LR is involved in the occurrence and development of no-reflow is still unknown. METHODS In vivo, positron emission tomography (PET) perfusion imaging was performed to detect the effects of intramyocardial gene (LR-AAV and LR-siRNA-AAV) delivery treatment on the degree of no-reflow. In vitro, LC-MS/MS analysis was conducted to identify the LR phosphorylation sites of human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMECs) treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 4 h. Western blot analyses were used to evaluate the phosphorylation levels of LR at residues Tyr47 (phospho-Tyr47-LR/pY47-LR) and Thr125 (phospho-Thr125-LR/pT125-LR) and their effects on the phosphorylation of VE-cadherin residue Ser665 (phospho-Ser665-VE-cad). FINDINGS LR over-expression, LRT125A (phosphonull) and LRY47A (phosphonull) treatments were found to reduce the level of phospho-Ser665-VE-cad, and subsequently maintain adherent junctions and endothelial barrier integrity in hypoxic environments. Mechanistically, TIMAP/PP1c can combine with LR on the cell membrane to form a novel LR-TIMAP/PP1c complex. The level of pY47-LR determined the stability of LR-TIMAP/PP1c complex. The binding of TIMAP/PP1c on LR activated the protein phosphatase activity of PP1c and regulated the level of pT125-LR. INTERPRETATION This study demonstrates that low level of phospho-LR reduces no-reflow area through stabilizing the LR-TIMAP/PP1c complex and promoting the stability of adherens junctions, and may help identify new therapeutic targets for the treatment of no-reflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Quan
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, the First College of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, the First College of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Xichun Qin
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, the First College of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Teng Sun
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, the First College of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Lidong Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Yeqing Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Sandeep Singh
- School of International Education, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Hongyan Dong
- Morphological Research Experiment Center, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery Laboratory, the First College of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affifiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221006, China.
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32
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Bircher JE, Koleske AJ. Trio family proteins as regulators of cell migration and morphogenesis in development and disease - mechanisms and cellular contexts. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs248393. [PMID: 33568469 PMCID: PMC7888718 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-studied members of the Trio family of proteins are Trio and kalirin in vertebrates, UNC-73 in Caenorhabditis elegans and Trio in Drosophila Trio proteins are key regulators of cell morphogenesis and migration, tissue organization, and secretion and protein trafficking in many biological contexts. Recent discoveries have linked Trio and kalirin to human disease, including neurological disorders and cancer. The genes for Trio family proteins encode a series of large multidomain proteins with up to three catalytic activities and multiple scaffolding and protein-protein interaction domains. As such, Trio family proteins engage a wide array of cell surface receptors, substrates and interaction partners to coordinate changes in cytoskeletal regulatory and protein trafficking pathways. We provide a comprehensive review of the specific mechanisms by which Trio family proteins carry out their functions in cells, highlight the biological and cellular contexts in which they occur, and relate how alterations in these functions contribute to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie E Bircher
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Anthony J Koleske
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
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33
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Claesson-Welsh L, Dejana E, McDonald DM. Permeability of the Endothelial Barrier: Identifying and Reconciling Controversies. Trends Mol Med 2020; 27:314-331. [PMID: 33309601 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leakage from blood vessels into tissues is governed by mechanisms that control endothelial barrier function to maintain homeostasis. Dysregulated endothelial permeability contributes to many conditions and can influence disease morbidity and treatment. Diverse approaches used to study endothelial permeability have yielded a wealth of valuable insights. Yet, ongoing questions, technical challenges, and unresolved controversies relating to the mechanisms and relative contributions of barrier regulation, transendothelial sieving, and transport of fluid, solutes, and particulates complicate interpretations in the context of vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Here, we describe recent in vivo findings and other advances in understanding endothelial barrier function with the goal of identifying and reconciling controversies over cellular and molecular processes that regulate the vascular barrier in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Uppsala University, Rudbeck, SciLifeLab and Beijer Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Uppsala University, Rudbeck, SciLifeLab and Beijer Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden; IFOM-FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Donald M McDonald
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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34
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Lavanderos B, Silva I, Cruz P, Orellana-Serradell O, Saldías MP, Cerda O. TRP Channels Regulation of Rho GTPases in Brain Context and Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:582975. [PMID: 33240883 PMCID: PMC7683514 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.582975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders are mediated by several pathophysiological mechanisms, including developmental and degenerative abnormalities caused primarily by disturbances in cell migration, structural plasticity of the synapse, and blood-vessel barrier function. In this context, critical pathways involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases are related to structural, scaffolding, and enzymatic activity-bearing proteins, which participate in Ca2+- and Ras Homologs (Rho) GTPases-mediated signaling. Rho GTPases are GDP/GTP binding proteins that regulate the cytoskeletal structure, cellular protrusion, and migration. These proteins cycle between GTP-bound (active) and GDP-bound (inactive) states due to their intrinsic GTPase activity and their dynamic regulation by GEFs, GAPs, and GDIs. One of the most important upstream inputs that modulate Rho GTPases activity is Ca2+ signaling, positioning ion channels as pivotal molecular entities for Rho GTPases regulation. Multiple non-selective cationic channels belonging to the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family participate in cytoskeletal-dependent processes through Ca2+-mediated modulation of Rho GTPases. Moreover, these ion channels have a role in several neuropathological events such as neuronal cell death, brain tumor progression and strokes. Although Rho GTPases-dependent pathways have been extensively studied, how they converge with TRP channels in the development or progression of neuropathologies is poorly understood. Herein, we review recent evidence and insights that link TRP channels activity to downstream Rho GTPase signaling or modulation. Moreover, using the TRIP database, we establish associations between possible mediators of Rho GTPase signaling with TRP ion channels. As such, we propose mechanisms that might explain the TRP-dependent modulation of Rho GTPases as possible pathways participating in the emergence or maintenance of neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Lavanderos
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ian Silva
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cruz
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Orellana-Serradell
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Saldías
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile.,The Wound Repair, Treatment and Health (WoRTH) Initiative, Santiago, Chile
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35
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Mechanisms of Endothelial Regeneration and Vascular Repair and Their Application to Regenerative Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:52-65. [PMID: 33069720 PMCID: PMC7560161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial barrier integrity is required for maintaining vascular homeostasis and fluid balance between the circulation and surrounding tissues and for preventing the development of vascular disease. Despite comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that mediate endothelial injury, the regulatory mechanisms responsible for endothelial regeneration and vascular repair are incompletely understood and constitute an emerging area of research. Endogenous and exogenous reparative mechanisms serve to reverse vascular damage and restore endothelial barrier function through regeneration of a functional endothelium and re-engagement of endothelial junctions. In this review, mechanisms that contribute to endothelial regeneration and vascular repair are described. Targeting these mechanisms has the potential to improve outcome in diseases that are characterized by vascular injury, such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, peripheral vascular disease, sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Future studies to further improve current understanding of the mechanisms that control endothelial regeneration and vascular repair are also highlighted.
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36
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Reduced levels of circulating adhesion molecules in adolescents with early-onset psychosis. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2020; 6:20. [PMID: 32811840 PMCID: PMC7434772 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-020-00112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is suggested that neurodevelopmental abnormalities are involved in the disease mechanisms of psychotic disorders. Although cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) participate in neurodevelopment, modulate blood–brain barrier permeability, and facilitate leukocyte migration, findings concerning their systemic levels in adults with psychosis are inconsistent. We examined plasma levels and mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of selected CAMs in adolescents with early-onset psychosis (EOP) aged 12–18 years (n = 37) and age-matched healthy controls (HC) (n = 68). EOP patients exhibited significantly lower circulating levels of soluble platelet selectin (~−22%) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (~−14%) than HC. We found no significant associations with symptom severity. PSEL mRNA expression was increased in PBMCs of patients and significantly negatively correlated to duration of illness. These findings suggest a role for CAMs in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders.
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37
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Angé M, Castanares-Zapatero D, De Poortere J, Dufeys C, Courtoy GE, Bouzin C, Quarck R, Bertrand L, Beauloye C, Horman S. α1AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endothelial Barrier Disruption via Junctional Reinforcement and Activation of the p38 MAPK/HSP27 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155581. [PMID: 32759774 PMCID: PMC7432762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular hyperpermeability is a determinant factor in the pathophysiology of sepsis. While, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to play a role in maintaining endothelial barrier function in this condition. Therefore, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of this protective effect. α1AMPK expression and/or activity was modulated in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells using either α1AMPK-targeting small interfering RNA or the direct pharmacological AMPK activator 991, prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression and/or phosphorylation of proteins that compose cellular junctions (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-Cad), connexin 43 (Cx43)) or that regulate actin cytoskeleton (p38 MAPK; heat shock protein 27 (HSP27)). Functional endothelial permeability was assessed by in vitro Transwell assays, and quantification of cellular junctions in the plasma membrane was assessed by immunofluorescence. Actin cytoskeleton remodeling was evaluated through actin fluorescent staining. We consequently demonstrate that α1AMPK deficiency is associated with reduced expression of CX43, ZO-1, and VE-Cad, and that the drastic loss of CX43 is likely responsible for the subsequent decreased expression and localization of ZO-1 and VE-Cad in the plasma membrane. Moreover, α1AMPK activation by 991 protects against LPS-induced endothelial barrier disruption by reinforcing cortical actin cytoskeleton. This is due to a mechanism that involves the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and HSP27, which is nonetheless independent of the small GTPase Rac1. This results in a drastic decrease of LPS-induced hyperpermeability. We conclude that α1AMPK activators that are suitable for clinical use may provide a specific therapeutic intervention that limits sepsis-induced vascular leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Angé
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Diego Castanares-Zapatero
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
- Division of Intensive Care, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien De Poortere
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Cécile Dufeys
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Guillaume E. Courtoy
- IREC Imaging Platform, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (G.E.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (G.E.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Rozenn Quarck
- Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA), Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases & Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pôle de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.A.); (D.C.-Z.); (J.D.P.); (C.D.); (L.B.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-764-55-66
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Werner AC, Weckbach LT, Salvermoser M, Pitter B, Cao J, Maier-Begandt D, Forné I, Schnittler HJ, Walzog B, Montanez E. Coronin 1B Controls Endothelial Actin Dynamics at Cell-Cell Junctions and Is Required for Endothelial Network Assembly. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:708. [PMID: 32850828 PMCID: PMC7411154 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Development and homeostasis of blood vessels critically depend on the regulation of endothelial cell–cell junctions. VE-cadherin (VEcad)-based cell–cell junctions are connected to the actin cytoskeleton and regulated by actin-binding proteins. Coronin 1B (Coro1B) is an actin binding protein that controls actin networks at classical lamellipodia. The role of Coro1B in endothelial cells (ECs) is not fully understood and investigated in this study. Here, we demonstrate that Coro1B is a novel component and regulator of cell–cell junctions in ECs. Immunofluorescence studies show that Coro1B colocalizes with VEcad at cell–cell junctions in monolayers of ECs. Live-cell imaging reveals that Coro1B is recruited to, and operated at actin-driven membrane protrusions at cell–cell junctions. Coro1B is recruited to cell–cell junctions via a mechanism that requires the relaxation of the actomyosin cytoskeleton. By analyzing the Coro1B interactome, we identify integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as new Coro1B-associated protein. Coro1B colocalizes with α-parvin, an interactor of ILK, at the leading edge of lamellipodia protrusions. Functional experiments reveal that depletion of Coro1B causes defects in the actin cytoskeleton and cell–cell junctions. Finally, in matrigel tube network assays, depletion of Coro1B results in reduced network complexity, tube number and tube length. Together, our findings point toward a critical role for Coro1B in the dynamic remodeling of endothelial cell–cell junctions and the assembly of endothelial networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Cathrin Werner
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig T Weckbach
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum Großhadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Salvermoser
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Pitter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jiahui Cao
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniela Maier-Begandt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ignasi Forné
- Protein Analysis Unit, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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39
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Perrot CY, Herrera JL, Fournier-Goss AE, Komatsu M. Prostaglandin E2 breaks down pericyte-endothelial cell interaction via EP1 and EP4-dependent downregulation of pericyte N-cadherin, connexin-43, and R-Ras. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11186. [PMID: 32636414 PMCID: PMC7341885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A close association between pericytes and endothelial cells (ECs) is crucial to the stability and function of capillary blood vessels and microvessels. The loss or dysfunction of pericytes results in significant disruption of these blood vessels as observed in pathological conditions, including cancer, diabetes, stroke, and Alzheimer’s disease. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid mediator of inflammation, and its tissue concentration is elevated in cancer and neurological disorders. Here, we show that the exposure to PGE2 switches pericytes to a fast-migrating, loosely adhered phenotype that fails to intimately interact with ECs. N-cadherin and connexin-43 in adherens junction and gap junction between pericytes and ECs are downregulated by EP-4 and EP-1-dependent mechanisms, leading to breakdown of the pericyte–EC interaction. Furthermore, R-Ras, a small GTPase important for vascular normalization and vessel stability, is transcriptionally repressed by PGE2 in an EP4-dependent manner. Mouse dermal capillary vessels lose pericyte coverage substantially upon PGE2 injection into the skin. Our results suggest that EP-mediated direct disruption of pericytes by PGE2 is a key process for vascular destabilization. Restoring pericyte–EC interaction using inhibitors of PGE2 signaling may offer a therapeutic strategy in cancer and neurological disorders, in which pericyte dysfunction contributes to the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Y Perrot
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute and Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jose L Herrera
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute and Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ashley E Fournier-Goss
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute and Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Masanobu Komatsu
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute and Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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40
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Colás-Algora N, García-Weber D, Cacho-Navas C, Barroso S, Caballero A, Ribas C, Correas I, Millán J. Compensatory increase of VE-cadherin expression through ETS1 regulates endothelial barrier function in response to TNFα. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2125-2140. [PMID: 31396656 PMCID: PMC11105044 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
VE-cadherin plays a central role in controlling endothelial barrier function, which is transiently disrupted by proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNFα). Here we show that human endothelial cells compensate VE-cadherin degradation in response to TNFα by inducing VE-cadherin de novo synthesis. This compensation increases adherens junction turnover but maintains surface VE-cadherin levels constant. NF-κB inhibition strongly reduced VE-cadherin expression and provoked endothelial barrier collapse. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide and TNFα upregulated the transcription factor ETS1, in vivo and in vitro, in an NF-κB dependent manner. ETS1 gene silencing specifically reduced VE-cadherin protein expression in response to TNFα and exacerbated TNFα-induced barrier disruption. We propose that TNFα induces not only the expression of genes involved in increasing permeability to small molecules and immune cells, but also a homeostatic transcriptional program in which NF-κB- and ETS1-regulated VE-cadherin expression prevents the irreversible damage of endothelial barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego García-Weber
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.
| | | | - Susana Barroso
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Caballero
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Ribas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII (CIBERCV), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Correas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Millán
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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41
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Paskus JD, Herring BE, Roche KW. Kalirin and Trio: RhoGEFs in Synaptic Transmission, Plasticity, and Complex Brain Disorders. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:505-518. [PMID: 32513570 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the actin cytoskeleton are a primary mechanism mediating the morphological and functional plasticity that underlies learning and memory. The synaptic Ras homologous (Rho) guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) Kalirin and Trio have emerged as central regulators of actin dynamics at the synapse. The increased attention surrounding Kalirin and Trio stems from the growing evidence for their roles in the etiology of a wide range of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. In this Review, we discuss recent findings revealing the unique and diverse functions of these paralog proteins in neurodevelopment, excitatory synaptic transmission, and plasticity. We additionally survey the growing literature implicating these proteins in various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah D Paskus
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Bruce E Herring
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine W Roche
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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42
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Lendahl U, Nilsson P, Betsholtz C. Emerging links between cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases-a special role for pericytes. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e48070. [PMID: 31617312 PMCID: PMC6831996 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases cause considerable human suffering, and therapy options for these two disease categories are limited or non-existing. It is an emerging notion that neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases are linked in several ways, and in this review, we discuss the current status regarding vascular dysregulation in neurodegenerative disease, and conversely, how cerebrovascular diseases are associated with central nervous system (CNS) degeneration and dysfunction. The emerging links between neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases are reviewed with a particular focus on pericytes-important cells that ensheath the endothelium in the microvasculature and which are pivotal for blood-brain barrier function and cerebral blood flow. Finally, we address how novel molecular and cellular insights into pericytes and other vascular cell types may open new avenues for diagnosis and therapy development for these important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyDivision of NeurogeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC)HuddingeSweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and SocietyDivision of NeurogeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC)HuddingeSweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyRudbeck LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of MedicineKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
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43
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Juettner VV, Kruse K, Dan A, Vu VH, Khan Y, Le J, Leckband D, Komarova Y, Malik AB. VE-PTP stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions and the endothelial barrier via a phosphatase-independent mechanism. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1725-1742. [PMID: 30948425 PMCID: PMC6504901 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Juettner et al. describe a novel phosphatase-activity–independent mechanism by which the phosphatase VE-PTP restricts endothelial permeability. VE-PTP functions as a scaffold that binds and inhibits the RhoGEF GEF-H1, limiting RhoA-dependent tension across VE-cadherin junctions and decreasing VE-cadherin internalization to stabilize adherens junctions and reduce endothelial permeability. Vascular endothelial (VE) protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) is an endothelial-specific phosphatase that stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions. Although studies have focused on the role of VE-PTP in dephosphorylating VE-cadherin in the activated endothelium, little is known of VE-PTP’s role in the quiescent endothelial monolayer. Here, we used the photoconvertible fluorescent protein VE-cadherin-Dendra2 to monitor VE-cadherin dynamics at adherens junctions (AJs) in confluent endothelial monolayers. We discovered that VE-PTP stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions by reducing the rate of VE-cadherin internalization independently of its phosphatase activity. VE-PTP serves as an adaptor protein that through binding and inhibiting the RhoGEF GEF-H1 modulates RhoA activity and tension across VE-cadherin junctions. Overexpression of the VE-PTP cytosolic domain mutant interacting with GEF-H1 in VE-PTP–depleted endothelial cells reduced GEF-H1 activity and restored VE-cadherin dynamics at AJs. Thus, VE-PTP stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions and restricts endothelial permeability by inhibiting GEF-H1, thereby limiting RhoA signaling at AJs and reducing the VE-cadherin internalization rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa V Juettner
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Kevin Kruse
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Arkaprava Dan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Vinh H Vu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Yousaf Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jonathan Le
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Deborah Leckband
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Yulia Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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44
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Galaris G, Thalgott JH, Lebrin FPG. Pericytes in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1147:215-246. [PMID: 31147880 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16908-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic disorder characterized by multi-systemic vascular dysplasia affecting 1 in 5000 people worldwide. Individuals with HHT suffer from many complications including nose and gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia, iron deficiency, stroke, abscess, and high-output heart failure. Identification of the causative gene mutations and the generation of animal models have revealed that decreased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling activity in endothelial cells are responsible for the development of the vascular malformations in HHT. Perturbations in these key pathways are thought to lead to endothelial cell activation resulting in mural cell disengagement from the endothelium. This initial instability state causes the blood vessels to response inadequately when they are exposed to angiogenic triggers resulting in excessive blood vessel growth and the formation of vascular abnormalities that are prone to bleeding. Drugs promoting blood vessel stability have been reported as effective in preclinical models and in clinical trials indicating possible interventional targets based on a normalization approach for treating HHT. Here, we will review how disturbed TGF-β and VEGF signaling relates to blood vessel destabilization and HHT development and will discuss therapeutic opportunities based on the concept of vessel normalization to treat HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Galaris
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jérémy H Thalgott
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Franck P G Lebrin
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Physics for Medicine, ESPCI, INSERM U1273, CNRS, Paris, France.
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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