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Wang Y, Chen Y, Li Z, Tang L, Wen D, Wu Y, Guo Z. Electroacupuncture enhances cerebral blood perfusion by inhibiting HIF-1α in rat subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain Res 2024; 1839:149010. [PMID: 38763503 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral blood perfusion (CBP) reduction is a prevalent complication following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in clinical practice, often associated with long-term cognitive impairment and prognosis. Electroacupuncture (EA), a widely utilized traditional Chinese therapy for central nervous system disorders, has demonstrated promising therapeutic effects. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of EA in restoring CBP in SAH rats and to explore the mechanisms involving HIF-1α in this process. METHODS Rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups, including Sham, SAH, EA, EA + Saline, and EA + dimethyloxallyl glycine (DMOG) groups. EA treatment was administered for 10 min daily, while DMOG were intraperitoneally injected. Behavioral tests, cerebral blood flow monitoring, vascular thickness measurement, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to assess the therapeutic effects of EA on cerebral blood flow. RESULTS SAH resulted in elevated levels of HIF-1α, endothelin (ET), ICAM-1, P-SELECTIN, E-SELECTIN, and decreased level of eNOS in the brain. This led to cerebral vasospasm, decreased CBF, and cognitive deficits in the rat SAH model. EA intervention downregulated the expression of HIF-1α, ET, ICAM-1, P-SELECTIN, and E-SELECTIN, while increasing eNOS expression. This alleviated cerebral vasospasm, restored CBF, and improved cognitive function. However, the administration of the HIF-1α stabilizer (DMOG) counteracted the therapeutic effects of EA. CONCLUSION EA promotes the recovery of cerebral blood flow after SAH injury, attenuates cerebral vasospasm, and accelerates the recovery of cognitive dysfunction, and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Emergency Department, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Liuyang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Qijiang District, 401420, China
| | - Daochen Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanhan County People's Hospital, Dazhou, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Ye H, Pan J, Cai X, Yin Z, Li L, Gong E, Xu C, Zheng H, Cao Z, Chen E, Qian J. IL‑10/IL‑10 receptor 1 pathway promotes the viability and collagen synthesis of pulmonary fibroblasts originated from interstitial pneumonia tissues. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:518. [PMID: 35837039 PMCID: PMC9257754 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial pneumonia is a pulmonary interstitial inflammatory and fibrosis disease with a variety of causes that causes respiratory disorders and threatens the lives of patients. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of interleukin (IL)-10 in peripheral blood of patients with interstitial pneumonia and its biological functions in pulmonary fibroblasts. A total of 42 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and 20 healthy subjects were included. ELISA was used to determine IL-10 concentration in serum from the patients and healthy subjects. Primary fibroblasts were isolated from lung tissue successfully and determined by morphology. The CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the effect of IL-10 expression on cell viability. Western blotting was used to determine COL1a1, COL1a2 and IL-10R1 protein expression. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and to determine the number of IL-10+ cells. Expression of IL-10 in serum from IPF patients was higher compared to that from healthy subjects. IL-10 promoted the viability and collagen synthesis and secretion of MRC-5 cells and primary pulmonary fibroblasts. IL-10 and IL-10 receptor (R) 1 served regulatory roles in the viability and collagen synthesis of MRC-5 cells. The ratio of peripheral mononuclear lymphocytes with positive expression of IL-10 was elevated in peripheral blood from patients with IPF. The present study demonstrated that IL-10 expression in peripheral blood of patients with IPF is increased significantly compared with healthy subjects. Activation of the IL-10/IL-10R1 signaling pathway promoted the viability and collagen synthesis and secretion of pulmonary fibroblasts, leading to pulmonary fibrosis. The present study provided experimental basis for further understanding the development mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ye
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Jiongwei Pan
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Cai
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Zhangyong Yin
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Enhui Gong
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Cunlai Xu
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Cao
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Enguo Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zheijang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Qian
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University/Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zheijang 323000, P.R. China
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Al-Lamki RS, Wang J, Pober JS, Bradley JR. Co-Expression and Functional Interactions of Death Receptor 3 and E-Selectin in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:722-736. [PMID: 35063404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Similar to the behavior of inflamed tubular epithelial cells, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells express death receptor 3 (DR3 or TNFSFR25) in situ, and expression increases with tumor grade. Surprisingly, E-selectin, which can be induced in endothelial cells by DR3 signaling, is also expressed by ccRCC cells and increases with tumor grade. In ccRCC organ cultures, addition of tumor necrosis factor-like 1A (TL1A or TNFSF15), the ligand for DR3, activates NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases, induces both DR3 and E-selectin expression in an NF-κB-dependent manner, and promotes cell cycle entry. DR3 immunoprecipitated from ccRCC tissue contains sialyl Lewis X moieties (the ligand recognized by E-selectin), proximity ligation assays reveal DR3, and E-selectin interacts on ccRCC cells. Similar to that with the addition of TL1A, the addition of soluble E-selectin to ccRCC organ cultures activates NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases in ccRCC cells and increases both DR3 and E-selectin expression and cell-cycle entry. In contrast, normal renal tubular epithelium, which poorly expresses DR3, is minimally responsive to either of these ligands. These data suggest a functional role for autocrine/paracrine DR3/E-selectin interactions in ccRCC and its progression, revealing a potential new target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia S Al-Lamki
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan S Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - John R Bradley
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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4
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Kraus RF, Gruber MA. Neutrophils-From Bone Marrow to First-Line Defense of the Innate Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:767175. [PMID: 35003081 PMCID: PMC8732951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells; PMNs) form a first line of defense against pathogens and are therefore an important component of the innate immune response. As a result of poorly controlled activation, however, PMNs can also mediate tissue damage in numerous diseases, often by increasing tissue inflammation and injury. According to current knowledge, PMNs are not only part of the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases but also of conditions with disturbed tissue homeostasis such as trauma and shock. Scientific advances in the past two decades have changed the role of neutrophils from that of solely immune defense cells to cells that are responsible for the general integrity of the body, even in the absence of pathogens. To better understand PMN function in the human organism, our review outlines the role of PMNs within the innate immune system. This review provides an overview of the migration of PMNs from the vascular compartment to the target tissue as well as their chemotactic processes and illuminates crucial neutrophil immune properties at the site of the lesion. The review is focused on the formation of chemotactic gradients in interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the influence of the ECM on PMN function. In addition, our review summarizes current knowledge about the phenomenon of bidirectional and reverse PMN migration, neutrophil microtubules, and the microtubule organizing center in PMN migration. As a conclusive feature, we review and discuss new findings about neutrophil behavior in cancer environment and tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Felix Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Zaitseva O, Khudyakov A, Sergushkina M, Solomina O, Polezhaeva T. Pectins as a universal medicine. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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6
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Hassan AA, Artemenko M, Tang MK, Wong AS. Selectins: An Important Family of Glycan-Binding Cell Adhesion Molecules in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082238. [PMID: 32785160 PMCID: PMC7463917 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide. Unlike most other tumor types that metastasize via the vasculature, ovarian cancer metastasizes predominantly via the transcoelomic route within the peritoneal cavity. As cancer metastasis accounts for the majority of deaths, there is an urge to better understand its determinants. In the peritoneal cavity, tumor-mesothelial adhesion is an important step for cancer dissemination. Selectins are glycan-binding molecules that facilitate early steps of this adhesion cascade by mediating heterotypic cell-cell interaction under hydrodynamic flow. Here, we review the function and regulation of selectins in peritoneal carcinomatosis of ovarian cancer, and highlight how dysregulation of selectin ligand biogenesis affects disease outcome. Further, we will introduce the latest tools in studying selectin-glycan interaction. Finally, an overview of potential therapeutic intervention points that may lead to the development of efficacious therapies for ovarian cancer is provided.
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7
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Aleksandrov AP, Mirkov I, Zolotarevski L, Ninkov M, Mileusnic D, Kataranovski D, Kataranovski M. Oral warfarin intake affects skin inflammatory cytokine responses in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 54:93-98. [PMID: 28704755 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Warfarin is an anticoagulant used in prevention/prophylaxis of thromboembolism. Besides the effects on coagulation, non-hemorrhagic reactions have also been documented. Although cutaneous reactions were reported in some patients, the impact on skin immunity was not explored. In the present paper, the effect of 30-day oral warfarin intake on skin cytokine responses in rats was analyzed. Increased release of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β and IL-10) was noted by skin explants from rats which received warfarin, but without effect on IL-6. No impact on epidermal cell cytokine secretion was seen, except a tendency of an increase of IL-6 response to stimulation with microbial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Topical application of contact allergen dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) resulted in slight (numerical solely) increase of TNF release by skin explants of warfarin-treated animals, while epidermal cells responded by increased secretion of all four cytokines examined. The data presented provide new information on the potential of oral warfarin to modulate skin innate immune activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Popov Aleksandrov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Mirkov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Marina Ninkov
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dina Mileusnic
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Kataranovski
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Kataranovski
- Immunotoxicology Group, Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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8
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Jassam SA, Maherally Z, Smith JR, Ashkan K, Roncaroli F, Fillmore HL, Pilkington GJ. TNF-α enhancement of CD62E mediates adhesion of non-small cell lung cancer cells to brain endothelium via CD15 in lung-brain metastasis. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:679-90. [PMID: 26472821 PMCID: PMC4827040 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD15, which is overexpressed on various cancers, has been reported as a cell adhesion molecule that plays a key role in non-CNS metastasis. However, the role of CD15 in brain metastasis is largely unexplored. This study provides a better understanding of CD15/CD62E interaction, enhanced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and its correlation with brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS CD15 and E-selectin (CD62E) expression was demonstrated in both human primary and metastatic NSCLC cells using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. The role of CD15 was investigated using an adhesion assay under static and physiological flow live-cell conditions. Human tissue sections were examined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS CD15, which was weakly expressed on hCMEC/D3 human brain endothelial cells, was expressed at high levels on metastatic NSCLC cells (NCI-H1299, SEBTA-001, and SEBTA-005) and at lower levels on primary NSCLC (COR-L105 and A549) cells (P < .001). The highest expression of CD62E was observed on hCMEC/D3 cells activated with TNF-α, with lower levels on metastatic NSCLC cells followed by primary NSCLC cells. Metastatic NSCLC cells adhered most strongly to hCMEC/D3 compared with primary NSCLC cells. CD15 immunoblocking decreased cancer cell adhesion to brain endothelium under static and shear stress conditions (P < .0001), confirming a correlation between CD15 and cerebral metastasis. Both CD15 and CD62E expression were detected in lung metastatic brain biopsies. CONCLUSION This study enhances the understanding of cancer cell-brain endothelial adhesion and confirms that CD15 plays a crucial role in adhesion in concert with TNF-α activation of its binding partner, CD62E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah A Jassam
- Cellular and Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK (S.A.J., Z.M., J.R.S., H.L.F., G.J.P.); Neuro-surgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (K.A.); Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (F.R.)
| | - Zaynah Maherally
- Cellular and Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK (S.A.J., Z.M., J.R.S., H.L.F., G.J.P.); Neuro-surgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (K.A.); Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (F.R.)
| | - James R Smith
- Cellular and Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK (S.A.J., Z.M., J.R.S., H.L.F., G.J.P.); Neuro-surgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (K.A.); Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (F.R.)
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- Cellular and Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK (S.A.J., Z.M., J.R.S., H.L.F., G.J.P.); Neuro-surgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (K.A.); Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (F.R.)
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Cellular and Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK (S.A.J., Z.M., J.R.S., H.L.F., G.J.P.); Neuro-surgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (K.A.); Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (F.R.)
| | - Helen L Fillmore
- Cellular and Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK (S.A.J., Z.M., J.R.S., H.L.F., G.J.P.); Neuro-surgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (K.A.); Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (F.R.)
| | - Geoffrey J Pilkington
- Cellular and Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK (S.A.J., Z.M., J.R.S., H.L.F., G.J.P.); Neuro-surgery, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK (K.A.); Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (F.R.)
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9
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Shmeleva EV, Boag SE, Murali S, Bennaceur K, Das R, Egred M, Purcell I, Edwards R, Todryk S, Spyridopoulos I. Differences in immune responses between CMV-seronegative and -seropositive patients with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2015; 3:56-70. [PMID: 26029366 PMCID: PMC4444149 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CMV infection is responsible for acceleration of immune senescence and linked to systemic pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated differences in the immune response between CMV-seropositive and seronegative patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) for acute myocardial infarction (MI). Peripheral blood samples were taken at six different time points: pre-, 15, 30, 90 min, 24 h after PPCI and at 3 months after MI. Absolute counts of lymphocyte subpopulations, immune response to specific and nonspecific stimulation, serum cytokines and levels of CMV-IgG, cardiolipin-IgG, and anti-endothelial cell antibodies were assessed. CMV-seropositive patients with MI showed a twofold higher IFN-γ production to PHA-stimulation, up to 2.5-fold higher levels of IP-10 in serum and up to 30% lower serum levels of IL-16 compared to CMV-seronegative individuals. CMV-seropositive patients could be divided into two subgroups with high (IL-10Hi) and low (IL-10Lo) IL-10 serum levels during the acute stage of MI. The IL-10Hi CMV-seropositive subgroup showed an increased exit of late-differentiated T lymphocytes, NK and NKT-like cells from the circulation, which may potentially enhance cytotoxic damage in the ischemic myocardium. Finally, we did not observe an acceleration of autoimmunity by MI in CMV-seropositive individuals. The immune response during acute MI showed characteristic differences between CMV seronegative and seropositive patients, with a stronger pro-inflammatory response in seropositive patients. The effects of IP-10, IL-16, and IL-10 on characteristics of acute immune responses and formation of different immune profiles in CMV-seropositive individuals require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen E Boag
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Santosh Murali
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ; Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karim Bennaceur
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rajiv Das
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ; Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mohaned Egred
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ; Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian Purcell
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard Edwards
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen Todryk
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ; Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ; Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ; Institute of Ageing and Health, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Sierra B, Pérez AB, Alvarez M, García G, Vogt K, Aguirre E, Schmolke K, Volk HD, Guzmán MG. Variation in inflammatory/regulatory cytokines in secondary, tertiary, and quaternary challenges with dengue virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 87:538-47. [PMID: 22802438 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary heterologous dengue infection is a risk factor for severe disease manifestations because of the immune-enhancement phenomenon. Succeeding clinical infections are seldom reported, and the clinical course of tertiary and quaternary dengue infections is not clear. Cuba represents a unique environment to study tertiary/quaternary dengue infections in a population with known clinical and serologic dengue markers and no dengue endemicity. We took advantage of this exceptional epidemiologic condition to study the effect of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary dengue infection exposure on the expression of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines, critical in dengue infection pathogenesis, by using a dengue infection ex vivo model. Whereas secondary exposure induced a high cytokine response, we found a significantly lower expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-10, and tumor growth factor-β after tertiary and quaternary infectious challenge. Significant differences in expression of the cytokines were seen between the dengue immune profiles, suggesting that the sequence in which the immune system encounters serotypes may be important in determining the nature of the immune response to subsequent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sierra
- Department of Virology, Tropical Medicine Institute Pedro Kourí, Havana, Cuba.
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Huang H, Cheng Z, Shi H, Xin W, Wang TTY, Yu LL. Isolation and characterization of two flavonoids, engeletin and astilbin, from the leaves of Engelhardia roxburghiana and their potential anti-inflammatory properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:4562-4569. [PMID: 21476602 DOI: 10.1021/jf2002969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Engeletin, a flavonoid compound, was isolated from the leaves of Engelhardia roxburghiana for the first time, along with astilbin, another flavonoid. The chemical structures of engeletin and astilbin were confirmed by (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) spectra, and their anti-inflammatory activities were studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse J774A.1 macrophage cells. LPS induced the inflammatory state in macrophage cells and increased mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Engeletin and astilbin exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects on interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression. Significant inhibition of LPS-mediated mRNA expressions were also seen in LPS binding toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10, chemoattractant monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 genes. The reduced expression of these cytokines may alleviate immune response and reduce inflammatory activation, indicating that engeletin and astilbin may serve as potential anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiu Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Gunther VJ, Putnak R, Eckels KH, Mammen MP, Scherer JM, Lyons A, Sztein MB, Sun W. A human challenge model for dengue infection reveals a possible protective role for sustained interferon gamma levels during the acute phase of illness. Vaccine 2011; 29:3895-904. [PMID: 21443963 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dengue has recently been defined by the World Health Organization as a major international public health concern. Although several vaccine candidates are in various stages of development, there is no licensed vaccine available to assist in controlling the further spread of this mosquito borne disease. The need for a reliable animal model for dengue disease increases the risk to vaccine developers as they move their vaccine candidates into large-scale phase III testing. In this paper we describe the cellular immune responses observed in a human challenge model for dengue infection; a model that has the potential to provide efficacy data for potential vaccine candidates in a controlled setting. Serum levels of sIL-2Rα and sTNF-RII were increased in volunteers who developed illness. Supernatants from in vitro stimulated PBMC were tested for cytokines associated with a T(H)1 or T(H)2 T-cell response (IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-5) and only IFN-γ was associated with protection against fever and/or viremia. Interestingly, IFN-γ levels drop to 0 pg/mL for volunteers who develop illness after challenge suggesting that some mechanism of immunosuppression may play a role in dengue illness. The human challenge model provides an opportunity to test potential vaccine candidates for efficacy prior to large-scale phase III testing, and hints at a possible mechanism for immune suppression by dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Gunther
- Division of Viral Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States.
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13
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Shapiro NI, Khankin EV, Van Meurs M, Shih SC, Lu S, Yano M, Castro PR, Maratos-Flier E, Parikh SM, Karumanchi SA, Yano K. Leptin exacerbates sepsis-mediated morbidity and mortality. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:517-24. [PMID: 20519646 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The adipose-derived hormone leptin is well known for its contribution to energy metabolism and satiety signaling in the hypothalamus. Previous studies suggested that obesity is an independent risk factor for sepsis morbidity and mortality, and it is associated with elevated baseline levels of circulating leptin in normal, nonseptic patients. In mouse endotoxemia and cecal ligation puncture models of sepsis, we observed elevated levels of leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sLR). Exogenously administered leptin increased mortality in endotoxemia and cecal ligation puncture models and was associated with increased expression of adhesion and coagulation molecules, macrophage infiltration into the liver and kidney, and endothelial barrier dysfunction. Conversely, longform leptin receptor-deficient mice were protected from sepsis morbidity and mortality and had less endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, an in vitro study revealed that leptin-induced endothelial dysfunction is likely mediated, at least in part, by monocytes. Moreover, administration of an sLR conferred a survival benefit. Human septic patients have increased circulating sLR concentrations, which were correlated with disease severity indices. Together, these data support a pathogenic role for leptin signaling during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan I Shapiro
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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14
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Zeng L, O'Connor C, Zhang J, Kaplan AM, Cohen DA. IL-10 promotes resistance to apoptosis and metastatic potential in lung tumor cell lines. Cytokine 2010; 49:294-302. [PMID: 20034810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains at a disappointingly low success rate. Not only is metastatic spread common in NSCLC, but therapeutic success decreases dramatically once metastases are present. Understanding factors which contribute to poor prognosis in NSCLC is critical for development of more successful therapeutic approaches. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression has been shown in several studies to correlate with a poorer prognosis in NSCLC; however, the mechanisms by which IL-10 affects lung tumor growth and metastases are unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of tumor-derived IL-10 on the growth and metastasis of lung cancer cells in a murine model. Lewis lung carcinoma cells were stably transfected with the chicken ovalbumin gene (cOVA) as a model tumor antigen (LL43 tumor cells) and subsequently transfected with the murine IL-10 gene (LL43-10 tumor cells). Subcutaneous growth of the LL43 tumor cells was not affected by expression of IL-10. However, LL43-10 tumors had a fourfold increase in tumor microvessel density, as indicated by CD31 staining. Metastatic potential was also increased in IL-10-expressing lung tumor cells, leading to a greater number of tumor cells in lymph nodes draining the primary tumor site. Finally, exposure of Lewis lung tumor cells in vitro to exogenous IL-10 dramatically increased their resistance to UV-induced apoptosis. These results indicate that a primary effect of IL-10 on lung cancer cells may be to increase their metastatic potential by promoting angiogenesis and resistance to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40536-0084, USA
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15
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Yaraee R, Ghazanfari T, Faghihzadeh S, Mostafaie A, Soroush MR, Inai K, Foroutan A, Shams J, Naghizadeh MM, Hassan ZM. Alterations in the serum levels of soluble L, P and E-selectin 20years after sulfur mustard exposure: Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1477-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Skeie JM, Mullins RF. Macrophages in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: friends or foes? Eye (Lond) 2008; 23:747-55. [PMID: 18600240 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2008.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The events that lead to choroidal neovascularization in eyes with age-related macular degeneration are poorly understood. One possibility that has been explored in a number of studies is that macrophages can promote neovascular changes. In this paper, we summarize the evidence for inflammation in general and macrophages in particular in pathologic neovascularization, and discuss how the diverse functions of these cells may promote or inhibit macular disease. We also discuss some of the conflicting findings regarding the role of macrophages in experimental choroidal neovascularization in mouse models, and suggest areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Skeie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver Family Center for Macular Degeneration, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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17
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Hoare GS, Birks EJ, Bowles C, Marczin N, Yacoub MH. In vitro endothelial cell activation and inflammatory responses in end-stage heart failure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2006; 101:1466-73. [PMID: 16825515 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01497.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND vascular endothelial cell activation and dysfunction are observed in patients with severe heart failure and may contribute to systemic manifestations of this syndrome. It remains unknown whether inflammatory activation of these cells occurs in these patients because of increased circulating proinflammatory mediators. AIM to determine whether the serum from patients with heart failure possesses a net proinflammatory bioactivity to active proinflammatory pathways in cultured endothelial cells. METHODS serum was obtained from stable patients with end-stage heart failure undergoing elective cardiac transplantation (Tx) and severely decompensated patients with heart failure requiring emergency left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Net proinflammatory bioactivity of serum was investigated by monitoring IkappaBalpha degradation and E-selectin expression in cultured human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC) following incubation with serum samples. Serum cytokine concentrations were measured by ELISA and neutralizing antibodies were used to determine the role of specific factors in the observed bioactivity. RESULT serum from both patient groups induced HPAEC IkappaBalpha degradation. Low basal HPAEC E-selectin expression significantly increased following treatment with Tx but not LVAD serum. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-10 concentrations were higher in patients with LVAD than those with Tx, and soluble TNF-alpha receptor expression was high in both groups. Neither TNF-alpha nor IL-10 blocking experiments altered either bioassay result. CONCLUSION activation of a specific profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators is associated with heart failure resulting in HPAEC nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. However, E-selectin expression is further regulated by unidentified factors. TNF-alpha is upregulated but appears to play no part in NFkappaB activation in these patients. These findings could have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginette S Hoare
- Imperial College London, Heart Science Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, UK
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Mocellin S, Marincola FM, Young HA. Interleukin-10 and the immune response against cancer: a counterpoint. J Leukoc Biol 2005; 78:1043-51. [PMID: 16204623 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0705358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although interleukin-10 (IL-10) is commonly regarded as an anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive cytokine that favors tumor escape from immune surveillance, a wealth of evidence is accumulating that IL-10 also possesses some immunostimulating properties. In fact, IL-10 has the pleiotropic ability of influencing positively and negatively the function of innate and adaptive immunity in different experimental models, which makes it questionable to merely categorize this cytokine as a target of anti-immune escape therapeutic strategies or rather, as an immunological adjuvant in the fight against cancer. Here, we review available data about the immunostimulating anticancer properties of IL-10, and in particular, we focus on the hypothesis that in contrast to what occurs in secondary lymphoid organs, IL-10 overexpression within the tumor microenvironment may catalyze cancer immune rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mocellin
- Department of Oncological & Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
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19
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Chung HL, Kim WT, Kim JK, Choi EJ, Lee JH, Lee GH, Kim SG. Relationship between atopic status and nasal interleukin 10 and 11 levels in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2005; 94:267-72. [PMID: 15765744 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and IL-11 are known to have anti-inflammatory activities, and they have been implicated in the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. OBJECTIVES To determine IL-10, IL-11, and myeloperoxidase levels in nasal secretions of infants with acute RSV bronchiolitis and to investigate whether there are any differences in these levels in patients with vs without atopy. METHODS We measured IL-10, IL-11, and myeloperoxidase levels in nasal secretions of 44 infants (20 were atopic) with acute RSV bronchiolitis. The nasal secretion samples were obtained from patients at hospital admission and were stored immediately at -70 degrees C until analysis. Atopy was defined as having at least 1 positive skin prick test reaction to common allergens, a history of atopic dermatitis, or a high serum IgE level compared with age-matched controls. RESULTS Levels of IL-10, IL-11, and myeloperoxidase increased significantly in samples from infants with acute RSV bronchiolitis. Levels of IL-10 and IL-11 were significantly lower in patients with vs without atopy (P < .05). Myeloperoxidase levels showed no significant difference in patients with vs without atopy (P = .18). Patients with severe symptoms tended to have lower IL-10 levels (P = .09), but no relationship was shown between symptom severity and IL-11 levels. Nasal myeloperoxidase levels were significantly higher in patients with severe symptoms (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Production of IL-10 and IL-11 was significantly lower in patients with vs without atopy during acute RSV bronchiolitis. The airway inflammation induced by RSV infection may be different in patients with vs without atopy, and this is associated with lower induction of these immunoregulatory cytokines in children with atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lee Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Taegu, Taegu, Korea.
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20
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Wang Y, Tay YC, Harris DCH. Proximal tubule cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide inhibit macrophage activation. Kidney Int 2004; 66:655-62. [PMID: 15253719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubule cells can produce a variety of cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and adhesion molecules in vitro and in vivo. It is generally assumed that stimulated tubule cells are proinflammatory and at least partially responsible for interstitial inflammation. However, the overall effect of tubular cells on interstitial cells is unknown. In this study, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production and net effects on macrophages of tubule cells activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were examined. METHODS Tubule cells stimulated with LPS expressed tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-12, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Conditioned media were collected from confluent monolayers of rat tubule cells stimulated, or not, by LPS for 4 and 18 hours, respectively. Macrophages were cultured with conditioned media and/or LPS (0.5 microg/mL) for 18 hours. RESULTS TNF-alpha and IL-lbeta mRNA of macrophages stimulated by LPS increased more than fivefold when cultured with control conditioned media from unstimulated tubule cells. Surprisingly, TNF-alpha and IL-lbeta levels of macrophages stimulated by LPS were not increased when cultured with conditioned media from activated tubule cells. Neutralizing antibodies to IL-10 and TGF-beta were used to define the inhibitory component(s) in conditioned medium. Anti-IL-10, but not anti-TGF-beta, abolished partially the inhibitory effects of conditioned media on macrophages. CONCLUSION Tubule cells produce both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the net effect, partially explained by IL-10, of tubule cells activated with LPS is to inhibit activity of macrophages. Thus, the net effect of activated tubule cells on interstitial pathology may in certain circumstances, be anti- rather than pro-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wang
- Center for Transplantation and Renal Research, The University of Sydney at Westmead Millenium Institute,Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
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21
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Mocellin S, Marincola F, Rossi CR, Nitti D, Lise M. The multifaceted relationship between IL-10 and adaptive immunity: putting together the pieces of a puzzle. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2004; 15:61-76. [PMID: 14746814 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2003.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine that modulates the function of several adaptive immunity-related cells. Although generally considered an immunosuppressive molecule, IL-10 possesses immunostimulatory properties in several in vitro and in vivo models. These very different outcomes are believed to depend upon experimental conditions, the dominant immune effector mediating a given immune response, the timing of IL-10 production/administration, and IL-10 dose and/or location of expression. In the present work, we review the current knowledge regarding IL-10 activity on adaptive immunity related cells, emphasize new insights on IL-10 molecular/cellular targets, and summarize the available data on the relationship between IL-10 and some pathological conditions (e.g. infectious diseases, autoimmunity, allergy, cancer and transplantation) involving adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mocellin
- Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Clinica Chirurgica II, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
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Hensler T, Heinemann B, Sauerland S, Lefering R, Bouillon B, Andermahr J, Neugebauer EAM. Immunologic Alterations Associated with High Blood Transfusion Volume After Multiple Injury: Effects on Plasmatic Cytokine and Cytokine Receptor Concentrations. Shock 2003; 20:497-502. [PMID: 14625472 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000095058.62263.1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The initial transfusion therapy after trauma has been identified as an independent risk factor for the incidence of multiple organ failure (MOF). Late occurrence of MOF in severely injured patients may be a clinical consequence of disturbed mediator homeostasis. For this reason, levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) p55 and p75 were analyzed in the plasma of patients with comparable injury severity but with a different supply of packed red blood cells (PRBC). Thirty-eight multiple trauma patients with an injury severity score range of 25-54 points were separated into two groups according to their PRBC supply within the first 24 h after trauma. Patients who received at least 15 units of PRBC were analyzed in group 2 (n = 11); the remaining patients (n = 27) were assigned to group 1. The incidence of MOF was higher (P < 0.05) in group 2 patients. Correspondingly, levels of all assayed mediators were found significantly elevated at several time points in this patient group. We conclude that increases in mediator concentrations may be causally related to the extent of blood transfusion therapy itself or to the conditions for which it was needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Hensler
- Biochemical and Experimental Division, University of Cologne, Germany
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23
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is an important immunoregulatory cytokine produced by many cell populations. Its main biological function seems to be the limitation and termination of inflammatory responses and the regulation of differentiation and proliferation of several immune cells such as T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, antigen-presenting cells, mast cells, and granulocytes. However, very recent data suggest IL-10 also mediates immunostimulatory properties that help to eliminate infectious and noninfectious particles with limited inflammation. Numerous investigations, including expression analyses in patients, in vitro and animal experiments suggest a major impact of IL-10 in inflammatory, malignant, and autoimmune diseases. So IL-10 overexpression was found in certain tumors as melanoma and several lymphomas and is considered to promote further tumor development. Systemic IL-10 release is a powerful tool of the central nervous system to prevent hyperinflammatory processes by activation of the neuro-endocrine axis following acute stress reactions. In contrast, a relative IL-10 deficiency has been observed and is regarded to be of pathophysiological relevance in certain inflammatory disorders characterized by a type 1 cytokine pattern such as psoriasis. Recombinant human IL-10 has been produced and is currently being tested in clinical trials. This includes rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, organ transplantation, and chronic hepatitis C. The results are heterogeneous. They give new insight into the immunobiology of IL-10 and suggest that the IL-10/IL-10 receptor system may become a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Asadullah
- Head of Corporate Research Business Area Dermatology, Schering AG, D-13342 Berlin, Germany.
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Kaneko T, Itoh M, Nakamura Y, Iimura A, Hayashi S, Takahashi K, Stivala F, Bendtzen K, Nicoletti F. Proinflammatory effects of exogenously administered IL-10 in experimental autoimmune orchitis. Cytokine 2003; 22:50-3. [PMID: 12946105 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4666(03)00103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of exogenously administered recombinant murine interleukin (IL)-10 on the development of experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) in C3H/He mice. IL-10 significantly augments histological signs of EAO when administered for 6 consecutive days from days 15 to 20 after primary immunisations with testicular germ cells. These data demonstrate that IL-10, in addition to its well-known antiinflammatory property, also has proinflammatory functions capable of up-regulating testicular immunoinflammatory processes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Kaneko
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku 6-1-1, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo, Japan
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Lee CG, Homer RJ, Cohn L, Link H, Jung S, Craft JE, Graham BS, Johnson TR, Elias JA. Transgenic overexpression of interleukin (IL)-10 in the lung causes mucus metaplasia, tissue inflammation, and airway remodeling via IL-13-dependent and -independent pathways. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:35466-74. [PMID: 12107190 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m206395200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the complex chronic effector properties of interleukin (IL)-10, we generated transgenic mice in which IL-10 was overexpressed in the lung. In these mice, IL-10 inhibited endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor production and neutrophil accumulation. IL-10 also caused mucus metaplasia, B and T cell-rich inflammation, and subepithelial fibrosis and augmented the levels of mRNA encoding Gob-5, mucins, and IL-13. In mice bred to have null mutations of IL-13, IL-4R(alpha), or STAT-6, transgenic IL-10 did not induce mucus metaplasia but did induce inflammation and fibrosis. IL-10 was also a critical mucin regulator of virus-induced mucus metaplasia. Thus, IL-10, although inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, also causes mucus metaplasia, tissue inflammation, and airway fibrosis. These responses are mediated by multiple mechanisms with mucus metaplasia being dependent on and the inflammation and fibrosis being independent of an IL-13/IL-4R(alpha)/STAT-6 activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Geun Lee
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department. of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8057, USA
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Raab M, Daxecker H, Markovic S, Karimi A, Griesmacher A, Mueller MM. Variation of adhesion molecule expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells upon multiple cytokine application. Clin Chim Acta 2002; 321:11-6. [PMID: 12031586 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(02)00048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of cytokines, mediators, activators, growth factors and other products are simultaneously released into circulation with the activation of the cellular immune system during rejection or infection. The secretion of these biochemical markers potentiates the immunological events associated with these processes. Among other things some cytokines demonstrate regulatory effects on the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. METHOD Endothelial cells are detached by trypsinisation and adhesion molecule expression is assessed by means of flow cytometry. Fluorescence-conjugated mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against VCAM-1, ICAM-1, PECAM-1, CD34, E- and P-selectin are used. RESULTS The combined application of different cytokines synergistically evokes P-selectin expression after a chosen incubation period of 16 h, while under single cytokine treatment P-selectin induction is not observed. Co-stimulation with TNF-alpha and a second cytokine reduces its influence on E-selectin. IL-1 beta/IFN-gamma lead to E-selectin levels higher than those under treatment with one of the both alone. Concomitant incubation with all cytokines synergistically down-regulates PECAM-1 referred to each cytokine alone. CONCLUSION Our investigations in some cases clearly demonstrate that the combination of a second cytokine with TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta or IFN-gamma can either synergistically or antagonistically modulate the expression of adhesion molecules on HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Raab
- Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Cardiothoracic Research, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstrasse 3, A-1100, Vienna, Austria.
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Alrawi S, Balaya F, Raju R, Shirazian D, Acinapura A, Cunningham J. Nitric oxide expression by interleukin-10 in the endoscopic and open methods of vein harvesting in coronary artery bypass surgery. JSLS 2002; 6:5-9. [PMID: 12002297 PMCID: PMC3043396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that suppresses lymphocyte functions, regulates production of proinflammatory cytokines, and suppresses nitric oxide production by activated macrophages. We examined IL-10 expression and its value as a surrogate index for nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cultures obtained from saphenous vein samples. METHODS Using 2 different techniques (the open and endoscopic), we harvested samples of human saphenous veins from 90 randomly selected patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Endothelial cells collected from the vein samples retrieved through both techniques were cultured for 72 hours. Using a solid phase enzyme linked-immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), we analyzed pre- and postoperative sera, in addition to the supernatants from the cultures, for IL-10. RESULTS Mean preoperative levels of IL-10 (0.09 +/- 0.04 pg/mL) did not differ significantly from that for postoperative sera (0.14 +/- 0.17 pg/mL) (P = 0.54). Mean IL-10 levels for endothelial cell culture supernatants did not differ significantly between the endoscopic (0.32 +/- 0.39 pg/mL) and the open method (0.46 +/- 0.80 pg/mL) (P= 0.30). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that endoscopic and open saphenectomies are technically comparable with respect to their effects on IL-10 release during saphenous vein harvesting for CABG. We recommend the endoscopic method for its low morbidity and earlier hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadir Alrawi
- Department of Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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28
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Sohn BH, Moon HB, Kim TY, Kang HS, Bae YS, Lee KK, Kim SJ. Interleukin-10 up-regulates tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene expression in mammary epithelial cells at the involution stage. Biochem J 2001; 360:31-8. [PMID: 11695989 PMCID: PMC1222199 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3600031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although interleukin-10 (IL-10) is known to contribute to inflammation and pathogenesis in mammalian organs, little is known about its precise role in the mammary gland. We found that IL-10 levels fluctuated during the mouse mammary cycle, showing little expression at the lactation stage and the highest expression at the involution stage. To reveal the effects of IL-10 on involution, expression profiles of apoptosis-related genes were examined in mice transgenic for IL-10 as well as in IL-10(-/-) mice. Mild inflammatory lesions by lymphocytes were observed in the mammary glands from four of seven transgenic lines at the lactation stage. It was striking that the expression of tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) among the apoptosis-related genes was elevated approx. 7-fold in the transgenic mice, whereas others were almost unchanged. Furthermore, TRAIL was down-regulated 4-fold in the IL-10(-/-) mice at the involution stage. Elevated expression of TRAIL and of death receptor 4 (DR4) protein was identified at the involution stage of normal mammary glands as well as at the lactation stage of the IL-10 transgenic mice. These results indicate that the elevated expression of IL-10 at the involution stage recruits lymphocytes and induces the expression of TRAIL and DR4. These phenomena might partly contribute to apoptosis in the mammary epithelial cells for entering involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Sohn
- Animal Developmental Biology Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon 305-333, Korea
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29
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Ruan Y, Okamoto Y, Matsuzaki Z, Endo S, Matsuoka T, Kohno T, Chazono H, Eiko I, Tsubota K, Saito I. Suppressive effect of locally produced interleukin-10 on respiratory syncytial virus infection. Immunology 2001; 104:355-60. [PMID: 11722651 PMCID: PMC1783310 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2001.01318.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 is known to be a multifunctional cytokine. This study was designed to evaluate the role of IL-10 during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection using a C57BL/6 transgenic (TG) mouse model in which the expression of murine IL-10 cDNA was regulated by a human salivary amylase promoter (IL-10 TG mice). These mice expressed a large amount of IL-10 in the nasal mucosa and in salivary glands. Viral replication in the respiratory tract after intranasal infection with RSV was suppressed significantly in IL-10 TG mice compared to non-transgenic controls. This suppression was IL-10 specific, because it was prevented by treating mice with neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibodies. We also found that IL-10-stimulated T cells displayed cytotoxic activity against infected murine nasal epithelial cells. Previous data indicated that IL-10 induces Fas ligand (L) expression on mouse T cells. Taken together, these data suggest that Fas/Fas L mediated cytotoxicity is involved in the suppression of RSV replication observed in IL-10 TG mice after intranasal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ruan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanshi, Japan
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30
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McInnes IB, Illei GG, Danning CL, Yarboro CH, Crane M, Kuroiwa T, Schlimgen R, Lee E, Foster B, Flemming D, Prussin C, Fleisher TA, Boumpas DT. IL-10 improves skin disease and modulates endothelial activation and leukocyte effector function in patients with psoriatic arthritis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:4075-82. [PMID: 11564829 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.7.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) provides an ideal disease model in which to investigate the bioactivities of potentially therapeutic cytokines at multiple sites of tissue inflammation. We investigated the effects of IL-10, an antiinflammatory cytokine, given s.c. for 28 days in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in PsA patients. Synovial/skin biopsies, peripheral blood leukocytes, articular magnetic resonance images, and clinical disease activity scores were obtained sequentially. Modest, but significant clinical improvement in skin, but not articular disease activity scores with only minor adverse effects was observed. Type 1, but not type 2 T cell cytokine production in vitro was suppressed in human rIL-10 compared with placebo recipients. Similarly, monokine production in vitro was reduced, whereas serum soluble TNFRII levels were elevated, indicating suppression of monocyte function. Decreased T cell and macrophage infiltration in synovial tissues was accompanied by reduced P-selectin expression. Moreover, suppressed synovial enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging and reduced alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression on von Willebrand factor(+) vessels were observed. Together these data demonstrate that a short course of IL-10 modulates immune responses in vivo via diverse effects on endothelial activation, and leukocyte recruitment and effector function. Such biological changes may result in clinically meaningful improvement in disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B McInnes
- Arthritis and Rheumatism Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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31
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Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10), first recognized for its ability to inhibit activation and effector function of T cells, monocytes, and macrophages, is a multifunctional cytokine with diverse effects on most hemopoietic cell types. The principal routine function of IL-10 appears to be to limit and ultimately terminate inflammatory responses. In addition to these activities, IL-10 regulates growth and/or differentiation of B cells, NK cells, cytotoxic and helper T cells, mast cells, granulocytes, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. IL-10 plays a key role in differentiation and function of a newly appreciated type of T cell, the T regulatory cell, which may figure prominently in control of immune responses and tolerance in vivo. Uniquely among hemopoietic cytokines, IL-10 has closely related homologs in several virus genomes, which testify to its crucial role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses. This review highlights findings that have advanced our understanding of IL-10 and its receptor, as well as its in vivo function in health and disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmune Diseases/genetics
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Herpesviridae/physiology
- Humans
- Infections
- Inflammation
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/physiology
- Interleukin-10/therapeutic use
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Inbred NZB
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Primates
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-10
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Viral Proteins/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Moore
- Department of Molecular Biology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Inc., Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
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32
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Patel NA, Patel JA, Stins MF, Kim KS, Chang SL. Dexamethasone affects cytokine-mediated adhesion of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells to cultured dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Clin Immunol 2001; 99:387-94. [PMID: 11358436 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2001.5029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte endothelial adhesion (LEA) is the prelude to a complex cascade of reactions following an immunological challenge. Recently, LEA has been implicated in the molecular basis of several dermatological disorders. While the role of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), in LEA has been investigated using nondermal models, limited data exist regarding their effects on LEA in dermal models. This study shows that cotreatment of cultured human dermal endothelial cells (CADMEC) with IL-1beta and TNF-alpha resulted in a marked increase in the adherence of human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells to CADMEC and an increase in expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin. Pretreatment of CADMEC with dexamethasone, a long-lasting glucocorticoid, resulted in a decrease in both HL-60 cell adhesion to CADMEC and adhesion molecule expression. Taken together, these data demonstrate that LEA may play a role in inflammatory skin conditions and in the mechanisms underlying the potential use of glucocorticoids as a treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Patel
- Department of Biology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, USA
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33
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Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10), first recognized for its ability to inhibit activation and effector function of T cells, monocytes, and macrophages, is a multifunctional cytokine with diverse effects on most hemopoietic cell types. The principal routine function of IL-10 appears to be to limit and ultimately terminate inflammatory responses. In addition to these activities, IL-10 regulates growth and/or differentiation of B cells, NK cells, cytotoxic and helper T cells, mast cells, granulocytes, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. IL-10 plays a key role in differentiation and function of a newly appreciated type of T cell, the T regulatory cell, which may figure prominently in control of immune responses and tolerance in vivo. Uniquely among hemopoietic cytokines, IL-10 has closely related homologs in several virus genomes, which testify to its crucial role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses. This review highlights findings that have advanced our understanding of IL-10 and its receptor, as well as its in vivo function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Moore
- Departments of Molecular Biology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Inc., Palo Alto, California 94304
- Departments of Pharmacology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Inc., Palo Alto, California 94304
- Departments of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Inc., Palo Alto, California 94304;,
| | - Rene de Waal Malefyt
- Departments of Molecular Biology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Inc., Palo Alto, California 94304
- Departments of Pharmacology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Inc., Palo Alto, California 94304
- Departments of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Inc., Palo Alto, California 94304;,
| | - Robert L. Coffman
- Departments of Molecular Biology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Inc., Palo Alto, California 94304
- Departments of Pharmacology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Inc., Palo Alto, California 94304
- Departments of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Inc., Palo Alto, California 94304;,
| | - Anne O'Garra
- Departments of Molecular Biology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Inc., Palo Alto, California 94304
- Departments of Pharmacology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Inc., Palo Alto, California 94304
- Departments of Immunology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology Inc., Palo Alto, California 94304;,
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34
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Di Carlo E, Forni G, Lollini P, Colombo MP, Modesti A, Musiani P. The intriguing role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in antitumor reactions. Blood 2001; 97:339-45. [PMID: 11154206 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.2.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Di Carlo
- Department of Oncology and Neurosciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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35
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Llorente L, Richaud-Patin Y, García-Padilla C, Claret E, Jakez-Ocampo J, Cardiel MH, Alcocer-Varela J, Grangeot-Keros L, Alarcón-Segovia D, Wijdenes J, Galanaud P, Emilie D. Clinical and biologic effects of anti-interleukin-10 monoclonal antibody administration in systemic lupus erythematosus. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2000; 43:1790-800. [PMID: 10943869 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200008)43:8<1790::aid-anr15>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of administering an anti-interleukin-10 (anti-IL-10) monoclonal antibody (mAb) to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with active and steroid-dependent disease. In addition, we sought to assess the effects of in vivo IL-10 neutralization on biologic markers of SLE. METHODS Treatment consisted of 20 mg/day intravenous administration of an anti-IL-10 murine mAb (B-N10) for 21 consecutive days, with a followup period of 6 months. Six patients were studied. RESULTS Treatment was safe and well tolerated. All patients developed antibodies against B-N10. Cutaneous lesions and joint symptoms improved in all patients beginning during B-N10 administration and continuing to month 6. The SLE Disease Activity Index decreased from a mean +/- SEM of 8.83+/-0.91 on day 1 to 3.67+/-0.67 on day 21 (P = 0.001), 1.50+/-0.84 at month 2, and 1.33+/-0.80 at month 6 (P<0.001). At the end of followup, the disease was clinically inactive in 5 of the 6 patients. Prednisone administration was decreased from a mean +/- SEM of 27.9+/-5.7 mg/day on day 1 to 9.6+/-2.0 mg/day at month 6 (P<0.005). Activity of immune and endothelial cells rapidly decreased, as assessed by the early evolution of several biologic markers. CONCLUSION This is the first report of IL-10 antagonist administration to humans. The study shows the involvement of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of SLE, and indicates that the use of IL-10 antagonists may be beneficial in the management of refractory SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Llorente
- Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salador Zubrinán, Mexico City, Mexico
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36
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Witko-Sarsat V, Rieu P, Descamps-Latscha B, Lesavre P, Halbwachs-Mecarelli L. Neutrophils: molecules, functions and pathophysiological aspects. J Transl Med 2000; 80:617-53. [PMID: 10830774 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 730] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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37
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Noble KE, Harkness D, Yong KL. Interleukin 10 regulates cellular responses in monocyte/endothelial cell co-cultures. Br J Haematol 2000; 108:497-504. [PMID: 10759705 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.01925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive interactions between monocytes and vascular endothelial cells increase the expression of the inflammatory genes, tissue factor (TF) and E-selectin, thus contributing to the inflammatory process. In this study, we have shown that these responses could be regulated by the immunomodulatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). IL-10 reduced TF generation in monocyte/endothelium co-cultures (64. 3 +/- 3.3% reduction, P < 0.01, n = 4) by acting directly on monocytes, whereas IL-4 inhibited TF expression in both monocytes and endothelium. Similarly, IL-10 reduced the induction of endothelial E-selectin by monocytes (100% reduction at 21 h), but had no effect on cytokine-induced E-selectin expression. IL-10 itself was not able to induce E-selectin protein or mRNA in endothelial cells. IL-10 mRNA was detected in monocytes after 6 h co-culture with endothelial cells, and was sustained for up to 30 h. Finally, IL-10 significantly reduced the adhesion of monocytes to endothelium (45% reduction), which may account in part for the inhibitory actions of IL-10. We conclude that IL-10 has an anti-inflammatory effect on monocyte/endothelium interactions, and may itself be produced as a result of such interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Noble
- Department of Haematology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
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38
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Henke PK, DeBrunye LA, Strieter RM, Bromberg JS, Prince M, Kadell AM, Sarkar M, Londy F, Wakefield TW. Viral IL-10 gene transfer decreases inflammation and cell adhesion molecule expression in a rat model of venous thrombosis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:2131-41. [PMID: 10657667 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.4.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-thrombotic inflammation probably contributes to chronic venous insufficiency, and little effective treatment exists. IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that previously has been shown to decrease perithrombotic inflammation and thrombosis. We investigated in a rat model whether local expression of viral IL-10 (vIL-10) in a segment of vein that undergoes thrombosis would confer an anti-inflammatory effect and how this effect might be mediated. Rats underwent inferior vena cava isolation, cannulation, and instillation of saline or adenovirus encoding either beta-galactosidase or vIL-10. Two days after transfection, thrombosis was induced, 2 days after this the rats underwent gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance venography exam, and the vein segments were harvested. Tissue transfection was confirmed by either RT-PCR of vIL-10 or positive 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-d-galactopyranoside (X-Gal) staining. vIL-10 significantly decreased both leukocyte vein wall extravasation and area of Gd enhancement compared with those in controls, suggesting decreased inflammation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated decreased endothelial border staining of P- and E-selectin, while ELISA of vein tissue homogenates revealed significantly decreased P- and E-selectin and ICAM-1 levels in the vIL-10 group compared with those in controls. Importantly, native cellular IL-10 was not significantly different between the groups. However, neither clot weight nor coagulation indexes, including tissue factor activity, tissue factor Ag, or von Willebrand factor levels, were significantly affected by local vIL-10 expression. These data suggest that local transfection of vIL-10 decreases venous thrombosis-associated inflammation and cell adhesion molecule expression, but does not directly affect local procoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Henke
- Jobst Vascular Surgery Laboratory, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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39
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Huang XR, Kitching AR, Tipping PG, Holdsworth SR. Interleukin-10 inhibits macrophage-induced glomerular injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11:262-269. [PMID: 10665933 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v112262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of interleukin-10 (IL-10) to inhibit macrophage recruitment, activation, and proliferation in vivo was studied in a macrophage-mediated, but T cell-independent, passive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody-induced model of glomerulonephritis (GN) in rats. Treatment with recombinant murine IL-10 resulted in dose-dependent reductions in proteinuria (high dose: 16 +/- 1 mg/24 h; low dose: 30 +/- 2 mg/24 h; control treatment: 69 +/- 6 mg/24 h; normal: 7 +/- 1 mg/24 h) and glomerular macrophage recruitment (high dose: 1.8 +/- 0.1 macrophages per glomerular cross section [c/gcs]; low dose: 5.5 +/- 0.2 c/gcs; control treatment: 12.1 +/- 0.6 c/gcs). Macrophage and intrinsic glomerular cell proliferation were reduced at both doses of IL-10, as was glomerular expression of P-selectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. IL-10 treatment also resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of macrophage activation as indicated by MHC class II and IL-1beta expression. Glomerular nitrite production by isolated cultured glomeruli was reduced after IL-10 treatment in vivo (high dose: 2.3 +/- 2.3 nmol/10(4) glomeruli per 72 h; low dose: 28 +/- 5 nmol/10(4) glomeruli per 72 h; control treatment: 82 +/- 11 nmol/10(4) glomeruli per 72 h). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha production was abolished by high-dose treatment and reduced by the lower dose (3.8 +/- 3.8 pg/10(4) glomeruli per 72 h; control treatment: 249 +/- 23 pg/10(4) glomeruli per 72 h). These studies demonstrate that IL-10 directly attenuates glomerular macrophage recruitment, activation, and proliferation in vivo and can significantly attenuate macrophage-mediated GN independent of any effects on T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiou Ru Huang
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter G Tipping
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen R Holdsworth
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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40
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Louis H, Le Moine A, Quertinmont E, Peny MO, Geerts A, Goldman M, Le Moine O, Devière J. Repeated concanavalin A challenge in mice induces an interleukin 10-producing phenotype and liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2000; 31:381-90. [PMID: 10655261 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510310218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Weekly injections of Concanavalin A (Con A) were performed in BALB/c mice to evaluate the pattern of cytokine production and liver injury. High serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) were found in the serum after the first 2 injections of Con A but rapidly decreased from the third injection. Conversely, IL-10 serum levels after repeated Con A challenge increased by 7 times from week 1 to 20. In vivo depletion studies indicated that CD4(+) T cells are essential in IL-10 production. Hepatocyte necrosis was only observed after the first injections of Con A whereas centrilobular inflammatory infiltrates persisted up to 20 weeks. Perisinusoidal liver fibrosis was also increasingly detected in BALB/c mice, whereas no fibrous change was observed in nude mice after 6 weeks of Con A challenge. The number of stellate cells, detected by immunostaining, increased after 20 weeks of Con A injections. Liver cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression after 20 weeks showed expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), IL-10, and IL-4 whereas IL-2 was no more expressed. The present study shows that mice repeatedly injected with Con A develop liver fibrosis. The cytokine-release pattern observed after 1 injection of Con A is rapidly shifted towards an immunomodulatory phenotype characterized by the systemic production of large amounts of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Louis
- Laboratories of Experimental Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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41
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Van Der Meeren A, Squiban C, Gourmelon P, Lafont H, Gaugler MH. Differential regulation by IL-4 and IL-10 of radiation-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production and ICAM-1 expression by human endothelial cells. Cytokine 1999; 11:831-8. [PMID: 10547270 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1999.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiation exposure results in an inflammatory reaction with acute as well as subacute consequences. Leukocyte infiltration is one of the predominant early histological changes and involves both cytokines and adhesion molecules. Endothelial cells play a key role in this reaction. We have previously shown the increased production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 and the upregulation in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression by HUVEC following gamma ray exposure. In the present study, we used the cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 to regulate these radiation-induced manifestations. Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with IL-4 and IL-10 (50 pg/ml) either before or after 10- Gy irradiation. Three and seven days after irradiation, IL-6 and IL-8 production by HUVEC (either treated or non-treated) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results show that IL-4, when added after irradiation, reversed the radiation-induced increase in IL-8 production, although slightly increased IL-6 production. IL-10 decreased both IL-8 and IL-6 production when added after irradiation. ICAM-1 expression was evaluated 3 days after irradiation by flow cytometry. The radiation-induced upregulation in ICAM-1 expression remained unaffected by the use of IL-4. Altogether, our results show that radiation-induced endothelial cell activation may be ameliorated by IL-4 and/or IL-10, which is of significance in designing strategies for cytokine-mediated intervention and/or therapy of radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Van Der Meeren
- Département de Protection de la santé de l'Homme et de Dosimétrie, IPSN, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cédex, F-92265, France.
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42
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Hennessy A, Pilmore HL, Simmons LA, Painter DM. A Deficiency of Placental IL-10 in Preeclampsia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.6.3491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Accommodation of the fetoplacental unit in human pregnancy requires maternal immune tolerance to this “semiallograft”. Local antiplacental immunity is modified by synthesis of uncommon histocompatibility Ags (e.g., HLA-G), growth factors, and cytokines by the placenta. Placental interleukins have been identified in reproductive tissues, but their roles in adaptive maternal immunity and determining term pregnancy outcomes have not been fully clarified. This study examined the distribution of IL-10 and TNF-α staining in term placentas. Women with proteinuric hypertension (PE, n = 10) were compared with an age-matched group with normal pregnancy (NP, n = 14) and gestational hypertension (GH, n = 6). Using immunohistochemistry of parrafin-fixed tissues, trophoblast cells were identified by cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 18 staining. The cytokine binding of villous trophoblast cells was scored depending on the extent of circumferential cytoplasm staining (<25%; intermediate or >75%). The cytokine positive decidual cells were scored as a percentage of total extravillous trophoblast cells. There was a reduction in villous IL-10 immunostaining compared with normal term placenta (PE, 10.2 ± 1.1, mean ± SEM; NP, 14.07 ± 1.16 Mann-Whitney U test; p = 0.02). In these patients, there was an increase in TNF-α immunostaining. Sparse endovascular extravillous trophoblast cells demonstrated nuclear IL-10 staining in 30% of patients with preeclampsia. Serum IL-10 was diminished in women with preeclampsia compared with normal pregnancy. In conclusion, villous trophoblast demonstrated diminished immunostaining of IL-10 in preeclampsia. This abnormality may be associated with heightened maternal antifetal immunity and therefore inadequate placental development in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Hennessy
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H. L. Pilmore
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - L. A. Simmons
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D. M. Painter
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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43
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Adib-Conquy M, Petit AF, Marie C, Fitting C, Cavaillon JM. Paradoxical priming effects of IL-10 on cytokine production. Int Immunol 1999; 11:689-98. [PMID: 10330274 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/11.5.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-10 is a well-known immunosuppressive and/or anti-inflammatory cytokine. However, we report in vitro experimental studies in which IL-10 primed leukocytes and led to an enhanced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) upon further stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) prepared from whole blood maintained for 20 h at 37 degrees C in the presence of recombinant human IL-10 had an enhanced capacity to produce TNF in response to LPS. In addition to TNF, LPS-induced IL-6 and spontaneous IL-1ra production were also enhanced. When isolated PBMC were first cultured for 20 h in the presence of IL-10 on Teflon to prevent adherence, washed to remove IL-10 and then further cultured in plastic dishes for an additional 20 h in the presence of LPS or IL-1beta, an enhanced release of TNF was observed. This was not the case when PBMC were pre-cultured in plastic multidishes in the presence of IL-10. TNF mRNA expression induced by LPS was decreased when the pre-treatment of PBMC with IL-10 was performed on plastic, whereas this was not the case when cells were pre-cultured with IL-10 on Teflon. Furthermore, NFkappaB translocation following LPS activation was higher after IL-10 pre-treatment on Teflon than on plastic. Interestingly, an enhanced frequency of CD16 and CD68(+) cells among the CD14(+) cells was observed in the presence of IL-10, independently of the pre-culture conditions of the PBMC. Altogether, these results indicate that the IL-10-induced up-regulation of cytokine production depends on the prevention of monocyte adherence by red cells in the whole blood assays or by cultures of PBMC on Teflon. In contrast, the adherence parameter has no effect on the IL-10-induced modulation of some monocyte surface markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adib-Conquy
- Unité d'Immuno-Allergie, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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44
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Saito I, Haruta K, Shimuta M, Inoue H, Sakurai H, Yamada K, Ishimaru N, Higashiyama H, Sumida T, Ishida H, Suda T, Noda T, Hayashi Y, Tsubota K. Fas Ligand-Mediated Exocrinopathy Resembling Sjögren’s Syndrome in Mice Transgenic for IL-10. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.5.2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Although IL-10 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, the mechanisms by which this cytokine mediates inflammatory lesions remain to be elucidated. Exocrine gland destruction is an important early step in the development of Sjögren’s syndrome. To better understand the role of IL-10 in Sjögren’s syndrome, we made transgenic mice in which the mouse IL-10 gene was regulated by the human salivary amylase promoter. Transgenic expression of IL-10 induced apoptosis of glandular tissue destruction and lymphocyte infiltration consisting primarily of Fas-ligand (FasL)+ CD4+ T cells, as well as in vitro up-regulation of FasL expression on T cells. These data suggest that overexpression of IL-10 in the glands and their subsequent Fas/FasL-mediated bystander tissue destruction is a causal factor in the development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Saito
- *Department of Pathology, Tokushima University School of Dentistry, Kuramotocho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kumiko Haruta
- †Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Misa Shimuta
- †Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Inoue
- †Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakurai
- ‡Takasago Research Laboratories, Research Institute, Kaneka Co, Takasago, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamada
- *Department of Pathology, Tokushima University School of Dentistry, Kuramotocho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- *Department of Pathology, Tokushima University School of Dentistry, Kuramotocho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Higashiyama
- *Department of Pathology, Tokushima University School of Dentistry, Kuramotocho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- §Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishida
- ¶Clinical Research Center, National Utano Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Suda
- ∥Department of Molecular Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Tetsuo Noda
- #Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- *Department of Pathology, Tokushima University School of Dentistry, Kuramotocho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- †Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
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Abstract
Selectins are a family of three cell adhesion molecules (L-, E-, and P-selectin) specialized in capturing leukocytes from the bloodstream to the blood vessel wall. This initial cell contact is followed by the selectin-mediated rolling of leukocytes on the endothelial cell surface. This represents the first step in a cascade of molecular interactions that lead to leukocyte extravasation, enabling the processes of lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte migration into inflamed tissue. The central importance of the selectins in these processes has been well documented in vivo by the use of adhesion-blocking antibodies as well as by studies on selectin gene-deficient mice. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that regulate expression and function(s) of the selectins and their ligands. Cell-surface expression of the selectins is regulated by a variety of different mechanisms. The selectins bind to carbohydrate structures on glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans. Glycoproteins are the most likely candidates for physiologically relevant ligands. Only a few glycoproteins are appropriately glycosylated to allow strong binding to the selectins. Recently, more knowledge about the structure and the regulated expression of some of the carbohydrates on these ligands necessary for selectin binding has been accumulated. For at least one of these ligands, the physiological function is now well established. A novel and exciting aspect is the signaling function of the selectins and their ligands. Especially in the last two years, convincing data have been published supporting the idea that selectins and glycoprotein ligands of the selectins participate in the activation of leukocyte integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vestweber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Center of Molecular Biology of Inflammation, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Downing LJ, Strieter RM, Kadell AM, Wilke CA, Austin JC, Hare BD, Burdick MD, Greenfield LJ, Wakefield TW. IL-10 Regulates Thrombus-Induced Vein Wall Inflammation and Thrombosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.3.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Vein wall inflammation associated with venous thrombosis is mediated by an imbalance in proinflammatory as compared with antiinflammatory molecules. We hypothesize that IL-10 is an important antiinflammatory cytokine that influences vein wall inflammation and thrombus propagation during venous thrombosis. To test this hypothesis a model of inferior vena caval thrombosis was used. Studies were performed at sacrifice 2 days after thrombus induction and included leukocyte morphometrics, myeloperoxidase activity, vein wall permeability, thrombus weight, and IL-10 ELISA analysis from the vein wall. IL-10 was elevated in the vein wall during venous thrombosis. Neutralization of IL-10 increased inflammation, while supplementation with rIL-10 demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent decrease in inflammation. Interestingly, a low 2.5-μg rIL-10 dose given at time of initiation of thrombosis most significantly decreased inflammation. Thrombus weight was importantly diminished by reconstitution of IL-10. These studies support an important role for IL-10 in the regulation of thrombus-associated inflammation and thrombosis and suggest that IL-10 could be used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Joseph Downing
- *Section of Vascular Surgery and Jobst Vascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Robert M. Strieter
- †Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Amy M. Kadell
- *Section of Vascular Surgery and Jobst Vascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Carol A. Wilke
- †Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - John C. Austin
- *Section of Vascular Surgery and Jobst Vascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Bradley D. Hare
- *Section of Vascular Surgery and Jobst Vascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Marie D. Burdick
- †Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Lazar J. Greenfield
- *Section of Vascular Surgery and Jobst Vascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, and
| | - Thomas W. Wakefield
- *Section of Vascular Surgery and Jobst Vascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, and
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Conrad KP, Miles TM, Benyo DF. Circulating levels of immunoreactive cytokines in women with preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 1998; 40:102-11. [PMID: 9764352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1998.tb00398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Circulating inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. To test this hypothesis, we measured plasma levels of immunoreactive tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and -beta, interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and -beta, and IL-6 and -10 in women with preeclampsia, in women with transient gestational hypertension, and throughout normal pregnancy. METHOD OF STUDY Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used and subjected to extensive validation studies. RESULTS The median concentration of plasma TNF-alpha was increased by twofold in women with preeclampsia compared with that in normal third-trimester pregnancy (P < 0.001) and in women with gestational hypertension (P < 0.04). The median concentration of plasma IL-6 was increased by threefold in women with preeclampsia compared with that in normal third-trimester pregnancy (P < 0.001) and increased twofold compared with that in women with gestational hypertension (P < 0.1). There were no significant differences observed in the levels of plasma IL-1 beta and IL-10 between the preeclamptic and other subject groups. The level of IL-1 beta, but not the levels of IL-10, TNF-alpha, or IL-6, was significantly changed during normal pregnancy compared with the nonpregnant condition manifesting an overall decline (P < 0.04). TNF-beta and IL-1 alpha were not detected in any samples, possibly because of the low sensitivity of these particular immunoassays. CONCLUSION Elevated levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 may contribute to the putative endothelial dysfunction of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Conrad
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA
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Stordeur P, Goldman M. Interleukin-10 as a regulatory cytokine induced by cellular stress: molecular aspects. Int Rev Immunol 1998; 16:501-22. [PMID: 9646174 DOI: 10.3109/08830189809043006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 is an ubiquitous cytokine which plays a major regulatory role in the course of inflammatory responses by downregulating the synthesis of cytokines. In this paper, we summarize the major biological properties of IL-10 and the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which IL-10 inhibits the expression of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines. We then review the factors upregulating IL-10 synthesis and we present the concept that IL-10 is a stress cytokine produced not only in response to microbial pathogens but also to cellular injuries of diverse origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stordeur
- Department of Immunology, Hôpital Erasme, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
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Scholzen T, Hartmeyer M, Fastrich M, Brzoska T, Becher E, Schwarz T, Luger TA. Ultraviolet light and interleukin-10 modulate expression of cytokines by transformed human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). J Invest Dermatol 1998; 111:50-6. [PMID: 9665386 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV) light causes DNA damage, inflammation, and impairment of local as well as systemic immune responses. Dermal microvascular endothelial cells are key elements for the recruitment of inflammatory cells during the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases via the expression of adhesion molecules and the release of cytokines. Because UVB may directly affect the function of dermal cells it was investigated whether UVB irradiation alters the production of proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokines by endothelial cells. UVB exposure of transformed human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) resulted in a dose dependently increased mRNA expression as well as release of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and growth-regulated oncogene alpha (GROalpha). Maximum cytokine production was observed 16-24 h after irradiation when 7.5-12.5 mJ UVB per cm2 were used. In addition, it was examined whether IL-10, which is upregulated in keratinocytes following UVB irradiation and accounts for UV mediated immunosuppression such as inhibition of contact hypersensitivity, also affects endothelial cell cytokine production. Treatment of HMEC-1 with IL-10 significantly enhanced IL-6 and IL-8 release and further upregulated UVB-induced IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression. These findings demonstrate that UVB both directly and indirectly via the release of IL-10 stimulates microvascular endothelial cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are required for the migration and activation of inflammatory cells in UV-mediated inflammatory skin reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Scholzen
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cell Biology and Immunobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Germany
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