1
|
Kannan N, Pandiar D, Subramanian R, Krishnan RP, S C. Helicobacter pylori positive oral squamous cell carcinoma demonstrate higher pathological tumor staging and poorer overall survival. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024; 125:101952. [PMID: 38906379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H pylori), a bacterium characterized by its spiral shape and gram-negative nature, impacts approximately half of the global population, showing a greater prevalence in developing nations. There are various factors that contribute to the pathogenicity of H pylori in the gastric mucosa, leading to gastric ulcer, gastritis and gastric cancers. The relationship between H pylori and gastric cancers has been well documented. The association between Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and H pylori still remains a grey field. The study aimed to evaluate the presence of H pylori in OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study consisted of 46 case samples and 21 controls. The case samples comprised of histopathologically confirmed cases of OSCC obtained from patients undergoing wide local excision. Fresh tissue samples were collected during cryosection and stored in eppendorf tubes. The control samples were collected from the gingiva and buccal mucosa of apparently healthy patients with no history of habits, undergoing procedures such as gingivectomy and impaction. All the cases and controls were subjected to immunohistochemistry for Helicobacter pylori antibody. The cases demonstrating Helicobacter pylori in immunohistochemistry further underwent additional Real-Time- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and culture methodology for subsequent confirmation. RESULTS 15/46 cases (32.6 %) showed positive immunohistochemical expression of H pylori in OSCC, while all the twenty-one controls were negative (p value 0.001). Out of the 15 cases tested using culture methodology, a total of 7 cases, representing 46.7 % of the sample, were positive for the presence of H pylori (p- value 0.003). Similar statistically significant results were also obtained for 16S rRNA gene with RT- PCR. Furthermore, H pylori positive cases were frequently found in higher pathological tumor staging. A significant increase in overall survival rate was evident among the H pylori negative cases. CONCLUSION Helicobacter pylori was significantly expressed in OSCC tissues when compared to healthy tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis of the presence of H pylori in FFPE OSCC samples yielded more positive results when compared to culture and PCR methodology. We opine that in OSCC, H pylori may have a role in the faster progression of the disease, rather than merely a 'chance spectator'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kannan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepak Pandiar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Raghunandhakumar Subramanian
- Cancer and Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reshma Poothakulath Krishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitra S
- Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brown JW, Lin X, Nicolazzi GA, Nguyen T, Radyk MD, Burclaff J, Mills JC. Cathartocytosis: How Cells Jettison Unwanted Material as They Reprogram. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.11.598489. [PMID: 38915707 PMCID: PMC11195262 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Injury can cause differentiated cells to undergo massive reprogramming to become proliferative to repair tissue via a cellular program called paligenosis. Gastric digestive-enzyme-secreting chief cells use paligenosis to reprogram into progenitor-like Spasmolytic-Polypeptide Expressing Metaplasia (SPEM) cells. Stage 1 of paligenosis is to downscale mature cell architecture via a process involving lysosomes. Here, we noticed that sulfated glycoproteins (which are metaplasia and cancer markers in mice and humans) were not digested during paligenosis but excreted into the gland lumen. Various genetic and pharmacological approaches showed that endoplasmic reticulum membranes and secretory granule cargo were also excreted and that the process proceeded in parallel with, but was independent lysosomal activity. 3-dimensional light and electron-microscopy demonstrated that excretion occurred via unique, complex, multi-chambered invaginations of the apical plasma membrane. As this lysosome-independent cell cleansing process does not seem to have been priorly described, we termed it "cathartocytosis". Cathartocytosis allows a cell to rapidly eject excess material (likely in times of extreme stress such as are induced by paligenosis) without waiting for autophagic and lysosomal digestion. We speculate the ejection of sulfated glycoproteins (likely mucins) would aid in downscaling and might also help bind and flush pathogens (like H pylori which causes SPEM) away from tissue.
Collapse
|
3
|
Nie L, Huang Y, Cheng Z, Luo H, Zhan Y, Dou K, Ma C, Yu C, Luo C, Liu Z, Liu S, Zhu Y. An intranasal influenza virus vector vaccine protects against Helicobacter pylori in mice. J Virol 2024; 98:e0192323. [PMID: 38358289 PMCID: PMC10949480 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01923-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a human pathogen that infects almost half of the population. Antibiotic resistance in H. pylori threatens health and increases the demand for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. Traditional oral vaccine research faces considerable challenges because of the epithelial barrier, potential enterotoxicity of adjuvants, and the challenging conditions of the gastric environment. We developed an intranasal influenza A virus (IAV) vector vaccine based on two live attenuated influenza viruses with modified acidic polymerase protein (PA) genes encoding the A subunit of H. pylori neutrophil-activating protein (NapA), named IAV-NapA, including influenza virus A/WSN/33 (WSN)-NapA and A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8)-NapA. These recombinant influenza viruses were highly attenuated and exhibited strong immunogenicity in mice. Vaccination with IAV-NapA induced antigen-specific humoral and mucosal immune responses while stimulating robust Th1 and Th17 cell immune responses in mice. Our findings suggest that prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination with influenza virus vector vaccines significantly reduces colonization of H. pylori and inflammation in the stomach of mice.IMPORTANCEHelicobacter pylori is the most common cause of chronic gastritis and leads to severe gastroduodenal pathology in some patients. Many studies have shown that Th1 and Th17 cellular and gastric mucosal immune responses are critical in reducing H. pylori load. IAV vector vaccines can stimulate these immune responses while overcoming potential adjuvant toxicity and antigen dosing issues. To date, no studies have demonstrated the role of live attenuated IAV vector vaccines in preventing and treating H. pylori infection. Our work indicates that vaccination with IAV-NapA induces antigen-specific humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity, producing a protective and therapeutic effect against H. pylori infection in BALB/c mice. This undescribed H. pylori vaccination approach may provide valuable information for developing vaccines against H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longyu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhikui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiwen Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Caijiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanjin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feilstrecker Balani G, dos Santos Cortez M, Picasky da Silveira Freitas JE, Freire de Melo F, Zarpelon-Schutz AC, Teixeira KN. Immune response modulation in inflammatory bowel diseases by Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4604-4615. [PMID: 37662864 PMCID: PMC10472898 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i30.4604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies point to an association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although controversial, this association indicates that the presence of the bacterium somehow affects the course of IBD. It appears that H. pylori infection influences IBD through changes in the diversity of the gut microbiota, and hence in local chemical characteristics, and alteration in the pattern of gut immune response. The gut immune response appears to be modulated by H. pylori infection towards a less aggressive inflammatory response and the establishment of a targeted response to tissue repair. Therefore, a T helper 2 (Th2)/macrophage M2 response is stimulated, while the Th1/macrophage M1 response is suppressed. The immunomodulation appears to be associated with intrinsic factors of the bacteria, such as virulence factors - such oncogenic protein cytotoxin-associated antigen A, proteins such H. pylori neutrophil-activating protein, but also with microenvironmental changes that favor permanence of H. pylori in the stomach. These changes include the increase of gastric mucosal pH by urease activity, and suppression of the stomach immune response promoted by evasion mechanisms of the bacterium. Furthermore, there is a causal relationship between H. pylori infection and components of the innate immunity such as the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome that directs IBD toward a better prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Campus Anísio Teixeira, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45.029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Zarpelon-Schutz
- Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Toledo 85.919-899, Paraná, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - Setor Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Palotina 85.950-000, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Kádima Nayara Teixeira
- Campus Toledo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Toledo 85.919-899, Paraná, Brazil
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular - Setor Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Palotina 85.950-000, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu M, Hu Z, Wang C, Zhang Y. The TLR/MyD88 signalling cascade in inflammation and gastric cancer: the immune regulatory network of Helicobacter pylori. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:767-781. [PMID: 37195446 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori-induced chronic gastritis represents a well-established risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). However, the mechanism by which chronic inflammation caused by H. pylori induces the development of GC is unclear. H. pylori can influence host cell signalling pathways to induce gastric disease development and mediate cancer promotion and progression. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), play a key role in the gastrointestinal innate immune response, and their signalling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of an increasing number of inflammation-associated cancers. The core adapter myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88) is shared by most TLRs and functions primarily in H. pylori-triggered innate immune signalling. MyD88 is envisioned as a potential target for the regulation of immune responses and is involved in the regulation of tumourigenesis in a variety of cancer models. In recent years, the TLR/MyD88 signalling pathway has received increasing attention for its role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses, inducing inflammatory activation and promoting tumour formation. In addition, TLR/MyD88 signalling can manipulate the expression of infiltrating immune cells and various cytokines in the tumour microenvironment (TME). In this review, we discuss the pathogenetic regulatory mechanisms of the TLR/MyD88 signalling cascade pathway and its downstream molecules in H. pylori infection-induced-associated GC. The focus is to elucidate the immunomolecular mechanisms of pathogen recognition and innate immune system activation of H. pylori in the TME of inflammation-associated GC. Ultimately, this study will provide insight into the mechanism of H. pylori-induced chronic inflammation-induced GC development and provide thoughts for GC prevention and treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Liu
- Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang City, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Zhizhong Hu
- Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang City, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Chengkun Wang
- Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang City, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang City, Hunan, 421001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li S, Zhao W, Xia L, Kong L, Yang L. How Long Will It Take to Launch an Effective Helicobacter pylori Vaccine for Humans? Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3787-3805. [PMID: 37342435 PMCID: PMC10278649 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s412361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection often occurs in early childhood, and can last a lifetime if not treated with medication. H. pylori infection can also cause a variety of stomach diseases, which can only be treated with a combination of antibiotics. Combinations of antibiotics can cure H. pylori infection, but it is easy to relapse and develop drug resistance. Therefore, a vaccine is a promising strategy for prevention and therapy for the infection of H. pylori. After decades of research and development, there has been no appearance of any H. pylori vaccine reaching the market, unfortunately. This review summarizes the aspects of candidate antigens, immunoadjuvants, and delivery systems in the long journey of H. pylori vaccine research, and also introduces some clinical trials that have displayed encouraging or depressing results. Possible reasons for the inability of an H. pylori vaccine to be available over the counter are cautiously discussed and some propositions for the future of H. pylori vaccines are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Xia
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corporation Limited, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reyes VE. Helicobacter pylori and Its Role in Gastric Cancer. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1312. [PMID: 37317287 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a challenging public health concern worldwide and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The primary risk factor implicated in gastric cancer development is infection with Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori induces chronic inflammation affecting the gastric epithelium, which can lead to DNA damage and the promotion of precancerous lesions. Disease manifestations associated with H. pylori are attributed to virulence factors with multiple activities, and its capacity to subvert host immunity. One of the most significant H. pylori virulence determinants is the cagPAI gene cluster, which encodes a type IV secretion system and the CagA toxin. This secretion system allows H. pylori to inject the CagA oncoprotein into host cells, causing multiple cellular perturbations. Despite the high prevalence of H. pylori infection, only a small percentage of affected individuals develop significant clinical outcomes, while most remain asymptomatic. Therefore, understanding how H. pylori triggers carcinogenesis and its immune evasion mechanisms is critical in preventing gastric cancer and mitigating the burden of this life-threatening disease. This review aims to provide an overview of our current understanding of H. pylori infection, its association with gastric cancer and other gastric diseases, and how it subverts the host immune system to establish persistent infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0372, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yamaoka Y, Saruuljavkhlan B, Alfaray RI, Linz B. Pathogenomics of Helicobacter pylori. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 444:117-155. [PMID: 38231217 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The human stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of gastritis, ulcers and adenocarcinoma, possesses very high genetic diversity. H. pylori has been associated with anatomically modern humans since their origins over 100,000 years ago and has co-evolved with its human host ever since. Predominantly intrafamilial and local transmission, along with genetic isolation, genetic drift, and selection have facilitated the development of distinct bacterial populations that are characteristic for large geographical areas. H. pylori utilizes a large arsenal of virulence and colonization factors to mediate the interaction with its host. Those include various adhesins, the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA, urease, serine protease HtrA, the cytotoxin-associated genes pathogenicity island (cagPAI)-encoded type-IV secretion system and its effector protein CagA, all of which contribute to disease development. While many pathogenicity-related factors are present in all strains, some belong to the auxiliary genome and are associated with specific phylogeographic populations. H. pylori is naturally competent for DNA uptake and recombination, and its genome evolution is driven by extraordinarily high recombination and mutation rates that are by far exceeding those in other bacteria. Comparative genome analyses revealed that adaptation of H. pylori to individual hosts is associated with strong selection for particular protein variants that facilitate immune evasion, especially in surface-exposed and in secreted virulence factors. Recent studies identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in H. pylori that are associated with the development of severe gastric disease, including gastric cancer. Here, we review the current knowledge about the pathogenomics of H. pylori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1, Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu Oita, 879-5593, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Batsaikhan Saruuljavkhlan
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1, Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Ricky Indra Alfaray
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1, Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu Oita, 879-5593, Japan
- Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Bodo Linz
- Division of Microbiology, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fuchs S, Gong R, Gerhard M, Mejías-Luque R. Immune Biology and Persistence of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Diseases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 444:83-115. [PMID: 38231216 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a prevalent pathogen, which affects more than 40% of the global population. It colonizes the human stomach and persists in its host for several decades or even a lifetime, if left untreated. The persistent infection has been linked to various gastric diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and an increased risk for gastric cancer. H. pylori infection triggers a strong immune response directed against the bacterium associated with the infiltration of innate phagocytotic immune cells and the induction of a Th1/Th17 response. Even though certain immune cells seem to be capable of controlling the infection, the host is unable to eliminate the bacteria as H. pylori has developed remarkable immune evasion strategies. The bacterium avoids its killing through innate recognition mechanisms and manipulates gastric epithelial cells and immune cells to support its persistence. This chapter focuses on the innate and adaptive immune response induced by H. pylori infection, and immune evasion strategies employed by the bacterium to enable persistent infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Fuchs
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Department Preclinical Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Trogerstraße 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruolan Gong
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Department Preclinical Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Trogerstraße 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Department Preclinical Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Trogerstraße 30, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Department Preclinical Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Trogerstraße 30, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Das KK, Brown JW. 3'-sulfated Lewis A/C: An oncofetal epitope associated with metaplastic and oncogenic plasticity of the gastrointestinal foregut. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1089028. [PMID: 36866273 PMCID: PMC9971977 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1089028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer arise from normal epithelia via a plastic cellular transformation, typically in the setting of chronic inflammation. Such transformations are the focus of numerous studies that strive to identify the changes in RNA/Protein expression that drive such plasticity along with the contributions from the mesenchyme and immune cells. However, despite being widely utilized clinically as biomarkers for such transitions, the role of glycosylation epitopes is understudied in this context. Here, we explore 3'-Sulfo-Lewis A/C, a clinically validated biomarker for high-risk metaplasia and cancer throughout the gastrointestinal foregut: esophagus, stomach, and pancreas. We discuss the clinical correlation of sulfomucin expression with metaplastic and oncogenic transformation, as well as its synthesis, intracellular and extracellular receptors and suggest potential roles for 3'-Sulfo-Lewis A/C in contributing to and maintaining these malignant cellular transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koushik K Das
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Backert S, Linz B, Tegtmeyer N. Helicobacter pylori-Induced Host Cell DNA Damage and Genetics of Gastric Cancer Development. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 444:185-206. [PMID: 38231219 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a very serious and deadly disease worldwide with about one million new cases every year. Most gastric cancer subtypes are associated with genetic and epigenetic aberrations caused by chromosome instability, microsatellite instability or Epstein-Barr virus infection. Another risk factor is an infection with Helicobacter pylori, which also triggers severe alterations in the host genome. This pathogen expresses an extraordinary repertoire of virulence determinants that take over control of important host cell signaling functions. In fact, H. pylori is a paradigm of persistent infection, chronic inflammation and cellular destruction. In particular, H. pylori profoundly induces chromosomal DNA damage by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) followed by genomic instability. DSBs appear in response to oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory transcription during the S-phase of the epithelial cell cycle, which mainly depends on the presence of the bacterial cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI)-encoded type IV secretion system (T4SS). This scenario is closely connected with the T4SS-mediated injection of ADP-glycero-β-D-manno-heptose (ADP-heptose) and oncoprotein CagA. While ADP-heptose links transcription factor NF-κB-induced innate immune signaling with RNA-loop-mediated DNA replication stress and introduction of DSBs, intracellular CagA targets the tumor suppressor BRCA1. The latter scenario promotes BRCAness, a disease characterized by the deficiency of effective DSB repair. In addition, genetic studies of patients demonstrated the presence of gastric cancer-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune-regulatory and other genes as well as specific pathogenic germline variants in several crucial genes involved in homologous recombination and DNA repair, all of which are connected to H. pylori infection. Here we review the molecular mechanisms leading to chromosomal DNA damage and specific genetic aberrations in the presence or absence of H. pylori infection, and discuss their importance in gastric carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Backert
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Bodo Linz
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fu HW, Lai YC. The Role of Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-Activating Protein in the Pathogenesis of H. pylori and Beyond: From a Virulence Factor to Therapeutic Targets and Therapeutic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010091. [PMID: 36613542 PMCID: PMC9820732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP), a major virulence factor of H. pylori, plays a role in bacterial protection and host inflammation. HP-NAP activates a variety of innate immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells, to induce their pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory activities. This protein also induces T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune response and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, supporting that HP-NAP is able to promote gastric inflammation by activation of adaptive immune responses. Thus, HP-NAP is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation. The inflammatory responses triggered by HP-NAP are mediated by a PTX-sensitive G protein-coupled receptor and Toll-like receptor 2. Drugs designed to block the interactions between HP-NAP and its receptors could alleviate the inflammation in gastric mucosa caused by H. pylori infection. In addition, HP-NAP acts as a promising therapeutic agent for vaccine development, allergy treatment, and cancer immunotherapy. The high antigenicity of HP-NAP makes this protein a component of vaccines against H. pylori infection. Due to its immunomodulatory activity to stimulate the Th1-inducing ability of dendritic cells, enhance Th1 immune response and CTL activity, and suppress Th2-mediated allergic responses, HP-NAP could also act as an adjuvant in vaccines, a drug candidate against allergic diseases, and an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer. This review highlights the role of HP-NAP in the pathogenesis of H. pylori and the potential for this protein to be a therapeutic target in the treatment of H. pylori infection and therapeutic agents against H. pylori-associated diseases, allergies, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wen Fu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-574-2485
| | - Yu-Chang Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ghasemi A, Wang S, Sahay B, Abbott JR, Curtiss R. Protective immunity enhanced Salmonella vaccine vectors delivering Helicobacter pylori antigens reduce H. pylori stomach colonization in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034683. [PMID: 36466847 PMCID: PMC9716130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of gastric mucosal inflammation, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Emerging antimicrobial-resistant H. pylori has hampered the effective eradication of frequent chronic infections. Moreover, a safe vaccine is highly demanded due to the absence of effective vaccines against H. pylori. In this study, we employed a new innovative Protective Immunity Enhanced Salmonella Vaccine (PIESV) vector strain to deliver and express multiple H. pylori antigen genes. Immunization of mice with our vaccine delivering the HpaA, Hp-NAP, UreA and UreB antigens, provided sterile protection against H. pylori SS1 infection in 7 out of 10 tested mice. In comparison to the control groups that had received PBS or a PIESV carrying an empty vector, immunized mice exhibited specific and significant cellular recall responses and antigen-specific serum IgG1, IgG2c, total IgG and gastric IgA antibody titers. In conclusion, an improved S. Typhimurium-based live vaccine delivering four antigens shows promise as a safe and effective vaccine against H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, FL, United States
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, FL, United States
| | - Bikash Sahay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, FL, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Abbott
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Viker KB, Steele MB, Iankov ID, Concilio SC, Ammayappan A, Bolon B, Jenks NJ, Goetz MP, Panagioti E, Federspiel MJ, Liu MC, Peng KW, Galanis E. Preclinical safety assessment of MV-s-NAP, a novel oncolytic measles virus strain armed with an H . pylori immunostimulatory bacterial transgene. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 26:532-546. [PMID: 36092362 PMCID: PMC9437807 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic advances, metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains incurable. Engineered measles virus (MV) constructs based on the attenuated MV Edmonston vaccine platform have demonstrated significant oncolytic activity against solid tumors. The Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (NAP) is responsible for the robust inflammatory reaction in gastroduodenal mucosa during bacterial infection. NAP attracts and activates immune cells at the site of infection, inducing expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. We engineered an MV strain to express the secretory form of NAP (MV-s-NAP) and showed that it exhibits anti-tumor and immunostimulatory activity in human breast cancer xenograft models. In this study, we utilized a measles-infection-permissive mouse model (transgenic IFNAR KO-CD46Ge) to evaluate the biodistribution and safety of MV-s-NAP. The primary objective was to identify potential toxic side effects and confirm the safety of the proposed clinical doses of MV-s-NAP prior to a phase I clinical trial of intratumoral administration of MV-s-NAP in patients with MBC. Both subcutaneous delivery (corresponding to the clinical trial intratumoral administration route) and intravenous (worst case scenario) delivery of MV-s-NAP were well tolerated: no significant clinical, laboratory or histologic toxicity was observed. This outcome supports the safety of MV-s-NAP for oncolytic virotherapy of MBC. The first-in-human clinical trial of MV-s-NAP in patients with MBC (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04521764) was subsequently activated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly B. Viker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael B. Steele
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ianko D. Iankov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Arun Ammayappan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Nathan J. Jenks
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Eleni Panagioti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Minetta C. Liu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kah Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Codolo G, Coletta S, D’Elios MM, de Bernard M. HP-NAP of Helicobacter pylori: The Power of the Immunomodulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944139. [PMID: 35844568 PMCID: PMC9277015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The miniferritin HP-NAP of Helicobacter pylori was originally described as a neutrophil-activating protein because of the capacity to activate neutrophils to generate oxygen radicals and adhere to endothelia. Currently, the main feature for which HP-NAP is known is the ability to promote Th1 responses and revert the immune suppressive profile of macrophages. In this review, we discuss the immune modulating properties of the protein regarding the H. pylori infection and the evidence that support the potential clinical application of HP-NAP in allergy and cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Coletta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Milco D’Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marina de Bernard, ; Mario Milco D’Elios,
| | - Marina de Bernard
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marina de Bernard, ; Mario Milco D’Elios,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Induction and Regulation of the Innate Immune Response in Helicobacter pylori Infection. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1347-1363. [PMID: 35124288 PMCID: PMC8933844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The intestinal type of GC progresses from acute to chronic gastritis, multifocal atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma. Infection of the stomach by Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 50% of the world's population, is the causal determinant that initiates the gastric inflammation and then disease progression. In this context, the induction of the innate immune response of gastric epithelial cells and myeloid cells by H. pylori effectors plays a critical role in the outcome of the infection. However, only 1% to 3% of infected patients develop gastric adenocarcinoma, emphasizing that other mechanisms regulate the localized non-specific response, including the gastric microbiota and genetic factors. This review summarizes studies describing the factors that induce and regulate the mucosal innate immune response during H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Skåne A, Loose JSM, Vaaje-Kolstad G, Askarian F. Comparative proteomic profiling reveals specific adaption of Vibrio anguillarum to oxidative stress, iron deprivation and humoral components of innate immunity. J Proteomics 2022; 251:104412. [PMID: 34737109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum (VA) is the causative agent of vibriosis, a terminal hemorrhagic septicemia affecting the aquacultural industry across the globe. In the current study we used label-free quantitative proteomics to investigate how VA adapts to conditions that mimic defined aspects of vibriosis-related stress such as exposure to oxidative stress (H2O2), exposure to humoral factors of innate immunity through incubation with Atlantic salmon serum, and iron deprivation upon supplementation of 2,2'-dipyridyl (DIP) to the growth medium. We also investigated how regulation of virulence factors may be governed by the VA growth phase and availability of nutrients. All experimental conditions explored revealed stress-specific proteomic adaption of VA and only nine proteins were found to be commonly regulated in all conditions. A general observation made for all stress-related conditions was regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. Notably, iron deprivation and exposure to Atlantic salmon serum evoked upregulation of iron acquisition mechanisms. The findings made in the present study represent a source of potential virulence determinants that can be of use in the search for means to understand vibriosis. SIGNIFICANCE: Vibriosis in fish and shellfish caused by V. anguillarum (VA) is responsible for large economic losses in the aquaculture sector across the globe. However, not much is known about the defense mechanism of this pathogen to percept and adapt to the imposed stresses during infection. Analyzing the response of VA to multiple host-related physiochemical stresses, the quantitative proteomic analysis of the present study indicates modulation of several virulence determinants and key defense networks of this pathogen. Our findings provide a theoretical basis to enhance our understanding of VA pathogenesis and can be employed to improve current intervention strategies to control vibriosis in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skåne
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Jennifer S M Loose
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brown JW, Das KK, Kalas V, Das KM, Mills JC. mAb Das-1 recognizes 3'-Sulfated Lewis A/C, which is aberrantly expressed during metaplastic and oncogenic transformation of several gastrointestinal Epithelia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261082. [PMID: 34910746 PMCID: PMC8673611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple previous studies have shown the monoclonal antibody Das-1 (formerly called 7E12H12) is specifically reactive towards metaplastic and carcinomatous lesions in multiple organs of the gastrointestinal system (e.g. Barrett's esophagus, intestinal-type metaplasia of the stomach, gastric adenocarcinoma, high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) as well as in other organs (bladder and lung carcinomas). Beyond being a useful biomarker in tissue, mAb Das-1 has recently proven to be more accurate than current paradigms for identifying cysts harboring advanced neoplasia. Though this antibody has been used extensively for clinical, basic science, and translational applications for decades, its epitope has remained elusive. METHODS In this study, we chemically deglycosylated a standard source of antigen, which resulted in near complete loss of the signal as measured by western blot analysis. The epitope recognized by mAb Das-1 was determined by affinity to a comprehensive glycan array and validated by inhibition of a direct ELISA. RESULTS The epitope recognized by mAb Das-1 is 3'-Sulfo-Lewis A/C (3'-Sulfo-LeA/C). 3'-Sulfo-LeA/C is broadly reexpressed across numerous GI epithelia and elsewhere during metaplastic and carcinomatous transformation. DISCUSSION 3'-Sulfo-LeA/C is a clinically important antigen that can be detected both intracellularly in tissue using immunohistochemistry and extracellularly in cyst fluid and serum by ELISA. The results open new avenues for tumorigenic risk stratification of various gastrointestinal lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W. Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Koushik K. Das
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Vasilios Kalas
- Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Physician Scientist Training Program, Department of Medicine, McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kiron M. Das
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jason C. Mills
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang L, Xiao Y, Ji L, Lin M, Zou Y, Zhao J, Zhao S. Potential Therapeutic Effects of Egg Yolk Antibody (IgY) in Helicobacter pylori Infections─A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13691-13699. [PMID: 34783242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the infection with Helicobacter pylori affects about half of the world's population, and the most common therapy to treat H. pylori is the first line clarithromycin-based triple therapy or the quadruple therapy. However, drug resistance, eradication in a low level, high rate of reinfection, and gastrointestinal side effects among the causative organisms for H. pylori infection pose a critical challenge to the global health care community. Therefore, new approaches to treat H. pylori infections are urgently needed. Chicken egg yolk constituting a source of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) has attracted noticeable attention for its advantages of cost-effective extraction, minimization of animal harm and suffering, and induction of no specific resistance and is, therefore, being regarded as an alternative therapy for H. pylori infection. This review is intended to summarize various H. pylori antigens for IgY preparation in terms of their application, mechanism, and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yire Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yikui Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-Activating Protein Directly Interacts with and Activates Toll-like Receptor 2 to Induce the Secretion of Interleukin-8 from Neutrophils and ATRA-Induced Differentiated HL-60 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111560. [PMID: 34768994 PMCID: PMC8584237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP)-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils and monocytes is regulated by pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G proteins, whereas HP-NAP-induced cytokine secretion by monocytes is mediated by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). However, it is unclear whether TLR2 participates in HP-NAP-induced cytokine secretion by neutrophils. Here, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiated HL-60 cells were first employed as a neutrophil model to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying neutrophil responses to HP-NAP. HP-NAP-induced ROS production in ATRA-induced differentiated HL-60 cells is mediated by the PTX-sensitive heterotrimeric G protein-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase, which is consistent with the findings reported for human neutrophils. Next, whether TLR2 participated in HP-NAP-induced secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) was investigated in neutrophils and ATRA-induced differentiated HL-60 cells. In both cells, TLR2 participated in HP-NAP-induced IL-8 secretion but not HP-NAP-induced ROS production. Interestingly, PTX-sensitive G proteins also contributed to the HP-NAP-induced secretion of IL-8 from neutrophils and the differentiated HL-60 cells. Our ELISA-based binding assay further revealed the competitive binding of Pam3CSK4, a TLR2 agonist, and HP-NAP to TLR2, which suggests the presence of specific and direct interactions between HP-NAP and TLR2. Thus, HP-NAP directly interacts with and activates TLR2 to induce IL-8 secretion in neutrophils and ATRA-induced differentiated HL-60 cells.
Collapse
|
21
|
Panagioti E, Kurokawa C, Viker K, Ammayappan A, Anderson SK, Sotiriou S, Chatzopoulos K, Ayasoufi K, Johnson AJ, Iankov ID, Galanis E. Immunostimulatory bacterial antigen-armed oncolytic measles virotherapy significantly increases the potency of anti-PD1 checkpoint therapy. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e141614. [PMID: 34196308 DOI: 10.1172/jci141614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical immunotherapy approaches are lacking efficacy in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we sought to reverse local and systemic GBM-induced immunosuppression using the Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (NAP), a potent TLR2 agonist, as an immunostimulatory transgene expressed in an oncolytic measles virus (MV) platform, retargeted to allow viral entry through the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). While single-agent murine anti-PD1 treatment or repeat in situ immunization with MV-s-NAP-uPA provided modest survival benefit in MV-resistant syngeneic GBM models, the combination treatment led to synergy with a cure rate of 80% in mice bearing intracranial GL261 tumors and 72% in mice with CT-2A tumors. Combination NAP-immunovirotherapy induced massive influx of lymphoid cells in mouse brain, with CD8+ T cell predominance; therapeutic efficacy was CD8+ T cell dependent. Inhibition of the IFN response pathway using the JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib decreased PD-L1 expression on myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the brain and further potentiated the therapeutic effect of MV-s-NAP-uPA and anti-PD1. Our findings support the notion that MV strains armed with bacterial immunostimulatory antigens represent an effective strategy to overcome the limited efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based therapies in GBM, creating a promising translational strategy for this lethal brain tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Panagioti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and.,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Harvey W. Cushing Neuro-oncology Laboratories (HCNL), Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cheyne Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kimberly Viker
- Department of Molecular Medicine and.,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Arun Ammayappan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and.,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Aaron J Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ianko D Iankov
- Department of Molecular Medicine and.,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Evanthia Galanis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and.,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
de Brito BB, Lemos FFB, Carneiro CDM, Viana AS, Barreto NMPV, Assis GADS, Braga BDC, Santos MLC, Silva FAFD, Marques HS, Silva NOE, de Melo FF. Immune response to Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer development. World J Meta-Anal 2021; 9:257-276. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i3.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma is a global health concern, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the main risk factor for its occurrence. Of note, the immune response against the pathogen seems to be a determining factor for gastric oncogenesis, and increasing evidence have emphasized several host and bacterium factors that probably influence in this setting. The development of an inflammatory process against H. pylori involves a wide range of mechanisms such as the activation of pattern recognition receptors and intracellular pathways resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines by gastric epithelial cells. This process culminates in the establishment of distinct immune response profiles that result from the cytokine-induced differentiation of T naïve cells into specific T helper cells. Cytokines released from each type of T helper cell orchestrate the immune system and interfere in the development of gastric cancer in idiosyncratic ways. Moreover, variants in genes such as single nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with variable predispositions for the occurrence of gastric malignancy because they influence both the intensity of gene expression and the affinity of the resultant molecule with its receptor. In addition, various repercussions related to some H. pylori virulence factors seem to substantially influence the host immune response against the infection, and many of them have been associated with gastric tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Breno Bittencourt de Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Caroline da Mota Carneiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Andressa Santos Viana
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Barbara Dicarlo Costa Braga
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45031900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Natália Oliveira e Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ma J, Jin C, Čančer M, Wang H, Ramachandran M, Yu D. Concurrent expression of HP-NAP enhances antitumor efficacy of oncolytic vaccinia virus but not for Semliki Forest virus. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 21:356-366. [PMID: 34141872 PMCID: PMC8182386 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent promising therapeutic agents for cancer therapy by selective oncolysis and induction of anti-tumor immunity. OVs can be engineered to express tumor-associated antigens and immune-modulating agents to provoke stronger antitumor immunity. Here, we engineered vaccinia virus (VV) and Semliki Forest virus (SFV) to express neuroblastoma-associated antigen disialoganglioside (GD2) and the immune modulator Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (NAP) and compared their therapeutic potency. Oncolytic VV did not exhibit any antitumor benefits, whereas SFV was able to delay subcutaneous neuroblastoma (NXS2) tumor growth. Additional expression of the GD2 mimotope (GD2m) by VV-GD2m or SFV-GD2m did not improve their anti-tumor capacity compared to the parent viruses. Further arming these OVs with NAP resulted in contrasting anti-tumor efficacy. VV (VV-GD2m-NAP) significantly improved therapeutic efficacy compared to VV-GD2m, which was also associated with a significantly elevated anti-GD2 antibody, whereas there was no additive antitumor efficacy for SFV-GD2m-NAP compared to SFV-GD2m, nor was the anti-GD2 antibody response improved. Instead, NAP induced higher neutralizing antibodies against SFV. These observations suggest that distinct immune stimulation profiles are elicited when the same immunostimulatory factor is expressed by different OVs. Therefore, careful consideration and detailed characterization are needed when engineering OVs with immune-modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chuan Jin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matko Čančer
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mohanraj Ramachandran
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
SpoT-mediated NapA upregulation promotes oxidative stress-induced Helicobacter pylori biofilm formation and confers multidrug resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.00152-21. [PMID: 33649116 PMCID: PMC8092859 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00152-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there is increased incidence of drug-resistant Helicobacter pylori infection. Biofilm formation confers multidrug resistance to bacteria. Moreover, it has been found that the formation of biofilm on the surface of gastric mucosa is an important reason for the difficulty of eradication of H. pylori The mechanisms underlying H. pylori biofilm formation in vivo have not been elucidated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by the host immune cells in response to H. pylori infection cannot effectively clear the pathogen. Moreover, the extracellular matrix of the biofilm protects the bacteria against ROS-mediated toxicity. This study hypothesized that ROS can promote H. pylori biofilm formation and treatment with low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) promoted this process in vitro The comparative transcriptome analysis of planktonic and biofilm-forming cells revealed that the expression of SpoT, a (p)ppGpp (guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate and guanosine 3',5'-bispyrophosphate) synthetase/hydrolase, is upregulated in H2O2-induced biofilms and that knockout of spoT inhibited H. pylori biofilm formation. Additionally, this study examined the key target molecules involved in SpoT regulation using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The analysis revealed that neutrophil-activating protein (NapA; HP0243) promoted H2O2-induced biofilm formation and conferred multidrug resistance. Furthermore, vitamin C exhibited anti-H. pylori biofilm activity and downregulated the expression of napA in vitro These findings provide novel insight into the clearance of H. pylori biofilms.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang K, Mirza WA, Ni P, Yu M, Wang C, Wang B, Chang S, Yue L, Zhang R, Duan G. Recombination Lactococcus lactis expressing Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein A attenuates food allergy symptoms in mice. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6179882. [PMID: 33749737 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy has been a significant public health issue with growing severity, prevalence and limited treatments. The neutrophil-activating protein A subunit (NapA) of Helicobacter pylori has been shown to have therapeutic potential in allergic diseases. METHODS The NapA expression efficiency of recombinant Lactococcus lactis(L.lactis) were determined. The effects of recombinant bacterium on food allergy in Balb/c mice were also investigated. RESULTS NapA were delivered and expressed efficiently via L. lactis. The engineered bacterium ameliorated food allergy symptoms (acute diarrhea and intestinal inflammation) and decreased serum histamine levels. In addition, the secretion of OVA-specific IgG2a, IFN-γ was promoted and the level of IL-4, OVA-specific IgE was restrained. CONCLUSIONS The recombinant strain may attenuate food allergy in mice through immune regulatory effect, which may be a promising approach for preventing or treating food allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wajid Ameen Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peng Ni
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingyang Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuailei Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Limin Yue
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Kexue Dadao, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hu S, Niu L, Wu L, Zhu X, Cai Y, Jin D, Yan L, Zhao F. Genomic analysis of Helicobacter himalayensis sp. nov. isolated from Marmota himalayana. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:826. [PMID: 33228534 PMCID: PMC7685656 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter himalayensis was isolated from Marmota himalayana in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China, and is a new non-H. pylori species, with unclear taxonomy, phylogeny, and pathogenicity. Results A comparative genomic analysis was performed between the H. himalayensis type strain 80(YS1)T and other the genomes of Helicobacter species present in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database to explore the molecular evolution and potential pathogenicity of H. himalayensis. H. himalayensis 80(YS1)T formed a clade with H. cinaedi and H. hepaticus that was phylogenetically distant from H. pylori. The H. himalayensis genome showed extensive collinearity with H. hepaticus and H. cinaedi. However, it also revealed a low degree of genome collinearity with H. pylori. The genome of 80(YS1)T comprised 1,829,936 bp, with a 39.89% GC content, a predicted genomic island, and 1769 genes. Comparatively, H. himalayensis has more genes for functions in “cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis” and “coenzyme transport and metabolism” sub-branches than the other compared helicobacters, and its genome contained 42 virulence factors genes, including that encoding cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). Conclusions We characterized the H. himalayensis 80(YS1)T genome, its phylogenetic position, and its potential pathogenicity. However, further understanding of the pathogenesis of this potentially pathogenic bacterium is required, which might help to manage H. himalayensis-induced diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07245-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoukui Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Lina Niu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Lifescience, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Linlin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, China.
| | - Fan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Robinson K, Atherton JC. The Spectrum of Helicobacter-Mediated Diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2020; 16:123-144. [PMID: 33197219 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-032520-024949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of peptic ulcer disease. The infection has been implicated in more than 75% of duodenal ulcer cases and 17% of gastric ulcer cases. H. pylori has been classified as a human carcinogen, since it is the main cause of distal gastric adenocarcinoma and B cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Evidence also links H. pylori with extragastric conditions including iron deficiency anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and vitamin B12 deficiency. Studies indicate that H. pylori may be protective against other conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., reflux esophagitis and related pathologies) and elsewhere in the body (e.g., asthma). The infection is asymptomatic in the vast majority of cases; more serious outcomes occur in only 10-15% of infected individuals. Despite extensive research over the past 3 decades, there is no effective vaccine, and the circumstances leading to disease development remain unclear. In addition, there is now a growing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in H. pylori. This review discusses these important issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Robinson
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom;
| | - John C Atherton
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.,Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Guo X, Ding C, Lu J, Zhou T, Liang T, Ji Z, Xie P, Liu X, Kang Q. HP-NAP ameliorates OXA-induced atopic dermatitis symptoms in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:416-422. [PMID: 32762390 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1806869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin inflammatory disease characterized by disequilibrium between Th1/Th2 lymphocytes. Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) has been reported that it has the potential immunomodulatory effect able to regulate the Th1/Th2 balance. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of HP-NAP in AD mice model. METHODS The model of AD was built with oxazolone (OXA) in BALB/c mice, then HP-NAP was used to treat AD by intraperitoneal injection. Ear thickness was measured by a digital thickness gauge. The ears tissues were collected and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and toluidine blue (TB) staining. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, and TNF-α) in ear tissue were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The secretion of IgE, IL-4, and IFN-γ was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Treatment with HP-NAP successfully alleviated the symptoms of AD, such as erythema, horny substance, and swelling. The infiltration of lymphocytes and mast cells were significantly reduced following HP-NAP therapy. The secretion of IgE and IL-4 was significantly attenuated following treatment with HP-NAP. Additionally, HP-NAP observably downregulated inflammatory cytokine expression (e.g. IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, and TNF-α) in ear tissues. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Taken together, our results showed that HP-NAP possessed the potential to be a novel immunomodulatory candidate drug against AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Guo
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Ding
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jike Lu
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Taotao Liang
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Zhengzhou Xinzhiyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- Department of Protein Function and Immunomodulatory Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhong Y, Chen J, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Tang C, Wang X, Wang P, Chen W, Wei B, Liu M. Oral immunization of BALB/c mice with recombinant Helicobacter pylori antigens and double mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) induces prophylactic protective immunity against H. pylori infection. Microb Pathog 2020; 145:104229. [PMID: 32353579 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection and associated diseases remain a major public health problem worldwide. Much effort has been made over the last several decades in vaccine development, but there is no licensed vaccine on the market. We have previously reported that oral immunization with H. pylori lysates and double mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) affords prophylactic protection against H. pylori infection in mice. In the present study, we investigated the effects of oral immunization with recombinant H. pylori protein antigens (NAP/UreA/UreB) and dmLT on H. pylori challenge in BALB/c mice. We found that oral immunization with candidate antigens and dmLT significantly reduced the gastric colonization of H. pylori 6 weeks after challenge, as compared to unimmunized mice. Moreover, the subunit vaccine appeared to provide a better protection than the bacterial lysate vaccine. The immunized mice showed enhanced antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation, and serum IgG and mucosal IgA responses. Furthermore, the immunization increased the proportion of CD4+ IL-17+ lymphocytes in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes, and enhanced the production of IL-17, IL-16, IL-6 and TNF-α in lymphocyte culture supernatants. Taken together, our results suggest that oral vaccination with recombinant H. pylori antigens (NAP/UreA/UreB) and dmLT confers more effective prophylactic protection against H. pylori infection than whole bacterial lysates in BALB/c mice. The reduction of H. pylori colonization was associated with the induction of antigen-specific Th17 and local mucosal IgA immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youxiu Zhong
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), 38 Second Jing Hai Road, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Jing Chen
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), 38 Second Jing Hai Road, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), 38 Second Jing Hai Road, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Yanbin Zhang
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), 38 Second Jing Hai Road, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Chongfa Tang
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), 38 Second Jing Hai Road, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), 38 Second Jing Hai Road, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Ping Wang
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), 38 Second Jing Hai Road, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Bo Wei
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), 38 Second Jing Hai Road, Beijing, 101111, China
| | - Meiying Liu
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute (NVSI), China National Biotech Group (CNBG), 38 Second Jing Hai Road, Beijing, 101111, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The HopQ-CEACAM Interaction Controls CagA Translocation, Phosphorylation, and Phagocytosis of Helicobacter pylori in Neutrophils. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.03256-19. [PMID: 32019805 PMCID: PMC7002351 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03256-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is highly adapted to humans and evades host immunity to allow its lifelong colonization. However, the H. pylori mouse model is artificial for H. pylori, and few adapted strains allow gastric colonization. Here, we show that human or CEACAM-humanized, but not mouse neutrophils are manipulated by the H. pylori HopQ-CEACAM interaction. Human CEACAMs are responsible for CagA phosphorylation, activation, and processing in neutrophils, whereas CagA translocation and tyrosine phosphorylation in DCs and macrophages is independent of the HopQ-CEACAM interaction. H. pylori affects the secretion of distinct chemokines in CEACAM-humanized neutrophils and macrophages. Most importantly, human CEACAMs on neutrophils enhance binding, oxidative burst, and phagocytosis of H. pylori and enhance bacterial survival in the phagosome. The H. pylori-CEACAM interaction modulates PMNs to reduce the H. pylori CagA translocation efficiency in vivo and to fine-tune the expression of CEACAM receptors on neutrophils to limit translocation of CagA and gastric pathology. The cag type IV secretion system (cag-T4SS) of Helicobacter pylori exploits specific cellular carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs), such as CEACAM1, -3, -5, and -6, as cellular receptors for CagA translocation into human gastric epithelial cells. We studied the interaction of H. pylori with human CEACAM1, CEACAM3, and CEACAM6 receptors (hCEACAMs) expressed on myeloid cells from CEACAM-humanized mice. Human and CEACAM-humanized mouse polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) allowed a specific HopQ-dependent interaction strongly enhancing CagA translocation. Translocated CagA was tyrosine phosphorylated, which was not seen in wild-type (wt) murine neutrophils. In contrast, human or murine bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) revealed a low hCEACAM expression and bacterial binding. CagA translocation and tyrosine-phosphorylation was low and independent of the HopQ-CEACAM interaction. Neutrophils, but not macrophages or DCs, from CEACAM-humanized mice, significantly upregulated the proinflammatory chemokine MIP-1α. However, macrophages showed a significantly reduced amount of CXCL1 (KC) and CCL2 (MCP-1) secretion in CEACAM-humanized versus wt cells. Thus, H. pylori, via the HopQ-CEACAM interaction, controls the production and secretion of chemokines differently in PMNs, macrophages, and DCs. We further show that upon H. pylori contact the oxidative burst of neutrophils and phagocytosis of H. pylori was strongly enhanced, but hCEACAM3/6 expression on neutrophils allowed the extended survival of H. pylori within neutrophils in a HopQ-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrate that during a chronic mouse infection, H. pylori is able to systemically downregulate hCEACAM1 and hCEACAM6 receptor expression on neutrophils, probably to limit CagA translocation efficiency and most likely gastric pathology.
Collapse
|
31
|
Walduck AK, Raghavan S. Immunity and Vaccine Development Against Helicobacter pylori. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1149:257-275. [PMID: 31016627 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a highly-adapted gastrointestinal pathogen of humans and the immunology of this chronic infection is extremely complex. Despite the availability of antibiotic therapy, the global incidence of H. pylori infection remains high, particularly in low to middle-income nations. Failure of therapy and the spread of antibiotic resistance among the bacteria are significant problems and provide impetus for the development of new therapies and vaccines to treat or prevent gastric ulcer, and gastric carcinoma. The expansion of knowledge on gastric conventional and regulatory T cell responses, and the role of TH17 in chronic gastritis from studies in mouse models and patients have provided valuable insights into how gastritis is initiated and maintained. The development of human challenge models for testing candidate vaccines has meant a unique opportunity to study acute infection, but the field of vaccine development has not progressed as rapidly as anticipated. One clear lesson learned from previous studies is that we need a better understanding of the immune suppressive mechanisms in vivo to be able to design vaccine strategies. There is still an urgent need to identify practical surrogate markers of protection that could be deployed in future field vaccine trials. Important developments in our understanding of the chronic inflammatory response, progress and problems arising from human studies, and an outlook for the future of clinical vaccine trials will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Walduck
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sukanya Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Blaser N, Backert S, Pachathundikandi SK. Immune Cell Signaling by Helicobacter pylori: Impact on Gastric Pathology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1149:77-106. [PMID: 31049845 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori represents a highly successful colonizer of the human stomach. Infections with this Gram-negative bacterium can persist lifelong, and although in the majority of cases colonization is asymptomatic, it can trigger pathologies ranging from chronic gastritis and peptic ulceration to gastric cancer. The interaction of the bacteria with the human host modulates immune responses in different ways to enable bacterial survival and persistence. H. pylori uses various pathogenicity-associated factors such as VacA, NapA, CGT, GGT, lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, heptose 1,7-bisphosphate, ADP-heptose, cholesterol glucosides, urease and a type IV secretion system for controlling immune signaling and cellular functions. It appears that H. pylori manipulates multiple extracellular immune receptors such as integrin-β2 (CD18), EGFR, CD74, CD300E, DC-SIGN, MINCLE, TRPM2, T-cell and Toll-like receptors as well as a number of intracellular receptors including NLRP3, NOD1, NOD2, TIFA and ALPK1. Consequently, downstream signaling pathways are hijacked, inducing tolerogenic dendritic cells, inhibiting effector T cell responses and changing the gastrointestinal microbiota. Here, we discuss in detail the interplay of bacterial factors with multiple immuno-regulatory cells and summarize the main immune evasion and persistence strategies employed by H. pylori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Blaser
- Department of Biology, Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Suneesh Kumar Pachathundikandi
- Department of Biology, Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sokolova O, Naumann M. Crosstalk Between DNA Damage and Inflammation in the Multiple Steps of Gastric Carcinogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:107-137. [PMID: 31123887 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, intensive investigations in molecular biology and cell physiology extended tremendously the knowledge about the association of inflammation and cancer. In frame of this paradigm, the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori triggers gastritis and gastric ulcer disease, and contributes to the development of gastric cancer. Mechanisms, by which the bacteria-induced inflammation in gastric mucosa leads to intestinal metaplasia and carcinoma, are represented in this review. An altered cell-signaling response and increased production of free radicals by epithelial and immune cells account for the accumulation of DNA damage in gastric mucosa, if infection stays untreated. Host genetics and environmental factors, especially diet, can accelerate the process, which offers the opportunity of intervention based on a balanced nutrition. It is supposed that inflammation might influence stem- or progenitor cells in gastric tissue predisposing for metaplasia or tumor relapse. Herein, DNA is strongly mutated and labile, which restricts therapy options. Thus, the understanding of the mechanisms that underlie gastric carcinogenesis will be of preeminent importance for the development of strategies for screening and early detection. As most gastric cancer patients face late-stage disease with a poor overall survival, the development of multi-targeted therapeutic intervention strategies is a major challenge for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sokolova
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ren WK, Xu YF, Wei WH, Huang P, Lian DW, Fu LJ, Yang XF, Chen FJ, Wang J, Cao HY, Deng YH. Effect of patchouli alcohol on Helicobacter pylori-induced neutrophil recruitment and activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 68:7-16. [PMID: 30599446 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration typically occurs in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced acute gastritis; however, this immune response fails to eradicate H. pylori in vivo. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are generated by neutrophils, cause severe damage to gastric mucosa. Patchouli alcohol (PA) has been reported to have effective anti-oxidative and anti-H. pylori activities, and we investigated its effects on H. pylori-induced neutrophil recruitment and activation in this research. In neutrophil recruitment experiment, H. pylori was injected into rat air pouch to explore the effects of PA (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) on acute inflammatory response. The results revealed that PA significantly reduced the weight of exudate and the number of neutrophils in the air pouch. Meanwhile, remarkable decrements in TNF-α and IL-8 levels in exudates were observed. In neutrophil activation experiment, rat neutrophils were isolated and activated by using 50 μg/mL H. pylori water-soluble surface protein with or without the treatment of PA (5, 10 or 20 μmol/L). Results indicated that PA not only significantly inhibited the production of ROS, but also reduced the gene and protein expressions of p22/p47-phoxes, and the binding of p22/p47-phoxes. Furthermore, the influence of PA on the neutrophil activation genes of H. pylori (h-nap and sabA) was investigated, and the results showed that expressions of h-nap and sabA were remarkably decreased after PA treatment. In conclusion, PA reduced the recruitment and activation of neutrophils induced by H. pylori, as shown by its inhibition of pro-inflammatory factor generation, p22/p47-phoxes function and H. pylori neutrophil activation-related gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Kang Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yi-Fei Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wen-Hui Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Dongguan & Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Cooperative Academy of Mathematical Engineering for Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, PR China
| | - Da-Wei Lian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Li-Jun Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xu-Feng Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fang-Jun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Hui Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Luo S, Liu W, Zeng Z, Ye F, Hu C, Xu N, Huang A, Xi T, Xing Y. Toxic adjuvants alter the function and phenotype of dendritic cells to initiate adaptive immune responses induced by oral Helicobacter pylori vaccines. Helicobacter 2018; 23:e12536. [PMID: 30247802 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic adjuvant is considered as an indispensable constituent for oral Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) vaccines. However, the elaborate role of toxic adjuvant in the initiation of adaptive immune response is largely undescribed. MATERIALS AND METHODS We employed an acid-resistant HP55/PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) delivery system encapsulating three antigens (Hsp, Nap, and Lpp20) from H. pylori and accompanied with three adjuvants (LPS, CpG, and chimeric flagellum (CF)) to explore the underlying mechanism of the adjuvant constituent. H. pylori-specific antibody responses were detected by ELISA. Gastric inflammatory and Th1/Th17 responses were analyzed by flow cytometry. Expressions of inflammatory cytokines were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS In bone marrow-derived dendritic cells' (BMDCs) model, the addition of toxic adjuvants is responsible for the proinflammatory function, but not the mature phenotype of BMDCs. In vivo, intestinal loop injection with NPs + LPS, rather than NPs alone, altered the dendritic cell (DC) phenotypes in mesenteric lymph nodes and drove a local proinflammatory microenvironment. In a prophylactic vaccination model, mice immunized with NPs + adjuvants significantly reduced the gastric colonization of H. pylori, induced antigen-specific antibody responses and Th1/Th17 cell responses. After H. pylori challenge, these mice showed potent recall responses involving both neutrophil and inflammatory monocyte infiltration. Additionally, TLR4 knockout mice were immunized with NPs + LPS and NPs + CF, respectively; only the recipients of NPs + CF orchestrated a protective response to control bacterial infection. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that toxic adjuvants within oral H.pylori vaccines altered the function and phenotype of dendritic cells and facilitated the establishment of proinflammatory microenvironment to initiate adaptive immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghui Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqin Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chupeng Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningyin Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - An Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chmiela M, Walczak N, Rudnicka K. Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles involvement in the infection development and Helicobacter pylori-related diseases. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:78. [PMID: 30409143 PMCID: PMC6225681 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0480-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori - (H. pylori) play a role in the pathogenesis of gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers as well as gastric cancer. A possible involvement of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by H. pylori in the distribution of bacterial antigens through the gastric epithelial barrier and their role in the development of local and systemic host inflammatory and immune responses has been suggested. OMVs contain various biologically active compounds, which internalize into host cells affecting signaling pathways and promoting apoptosis of gastric epithelial and immunocompetent cells. OMVs-associated H. pylori virulence factors may strengthen or downregulate the immune responses leading to disease development. This review describes the biological importance of H. pylori OMVs and their role in the course of H. pylori infections, as well as H. pylori related local and systemic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chmiela
- Laboratory of Gastroimmunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Natalia Walczak
- Laboratory of Gastroimmunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Laboratory of Gastroimmunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Łódź, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
What Roles Do Probiotics Play in the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori? Current Knowledge and Ongoing Research. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:9379480. [PMID: 30410538 PMCID: PMC6206577 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9379480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rising global prevalence of antibiotic resistance, the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori (HP) is continuing to decrease. Probiotics are beneficial to human health and may be an adjunct therapy to increase the eradication rate of HP, lower treatment-associated side effects, and reduce HP-associated gastric inflammation. However, inconsistent test results have prevented conclusions about the therapeutic prowess of probiotics for HP. The mechanisms of actions of probiotics include the production of substances that inhibit or kill HP or compete with HP for the adhesion site on gastric epithelial cells. Probiotics can also reduce the release of inflammatory factors by regulating the local immune response of the host. We searched the available literature for full-length articles focusing on the role of probiotics in HP management. This review presents the latest advances in this area.
Collapse
|
38
|
Stubljar D, Jukic T, Ihan A. How far are we from vaccination against Helicobacter pylori infection? Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:935-945. [PMID: 30238819 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1526680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori infection results in chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, or gastric cancer; therefore, eradication of this bacterium is essential. The strategy for developing effective vaccines against H. pylori entails immunization of mice with a combination of classical and recombinant H. pylori antigens, but this has proven to be onerous in all cases. AREAS COVERED We have reviewed literature databases in PubMed and Scopus using the key words H. pylori, vaccine, and vaccination and have conducted a systematic review of published clinical trials and animal model studies on vaccines against H. pylori and have tried to summarize why the vaccines are not effective or only partially effective. EXPERT COMMENTARY This is the perfect time to review vaccine development against H. pylori as, after several failed attempts, promising results were reported by Zeng et al. in 2015. Successful vaccine development requires knowledge of both the immune mechanisms active during natural infection by H. pylori, owing to the complicated host response against the pathogen, and the factors that allow the persistence of bacteria, such as genetic diversity of H. pylori. Moreover, various clinical trials are needed to prove vaccine efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Stubljar
- a Department of Research & Development , In-Medico , Metlika , Slovenia
| | - Tomislav Jukic
- b Department of Biomedicine and Public Health , Faculty of Medicine Osijek , Osijek , Croatia
| | - Alojz Ihan
- c Medical Faculty of Ljubljana , Institute of Microbiology and Immunology , Ljubljana , Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ghasemi A, Mohammad N, Mautner J, Taghipour Karsabet M, Amani J, Ardjmand A, Vakili Z. Immunization with a recombinant fusion protein protects mice against Helicobacter pylori infection. Vaccine 2018; 36:5124-5132. [PMID: 30041879 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 50% of the world's population is infected with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. If left untreated, infection with H. pylori can cause chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, which may progress into gastric cancer. Owing to the limited efficacy of anti-H. pylori antibiotic therapy in clinical practice, the development of a protective vaccine to combat this pathogen has been a tempting goal for several years. In this study, a chimeric gene coding for the antigenic parts of H. pylori FliD, UreB, VacA, and CagL was generated and expressed in bacteria and the potential of the resulting fusion protein (rFUVL) to induce humoral and cellular immune responses and to provide protection against H. pylori infection was evaluated in mice. Three different immunization adjuvants were tested along with rFUVL: CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN), Addavax, and Cholera toxin subunit B. Compared to the control group that had received PBS, vaccinated mice showed significantly higher cellular recall responses and antigen-specific IgG2a, IgG1, and gastric IgA antibody titers. Importantly, rFUVL immunized mice exhibited a reduction of about three orders of magnitude in their stomach bacterial loads. Thus, adjuvanted rFUVL might be considered as a promising vaccine candidate for the control of H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, FL, USA.
| | - Nazanin Mohammad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Josef Mautner
- Technische Universität München & Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mehrnaz Taghipour Karsabet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ardjmand
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zarichehr Vakili
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bagheri N, Salimzadeh L, Shirzad H. The role of T helper 1-cell response in Helicobacter pylori-infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:1-8. [PMID: 29936093 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a human pathogen affecting over 50% of the world population. This pathogen is usually associated with chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa that can lead to peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastric cancer (GC), especially in susceptible individuals. These outcomes have been attributed to the interaction of several factors, including host genetic susceptibility, local innate and adaptive immune responses, virulence factors of H. pylori, and environmental factors. T helper (Th) cell subsets and their signature cytokines especially IFN-γ, contribute to anti-bacterial response, but at the mean time sustaining chronic inflammatory responses in the site of infection. It has been acknowledged that H. pylori-infection results in a Th1-dominant response and that inflammation of the gastric mucosa depends mainly on Th1 cell responses. But, the mechanism of the role of Th1 cell responses in H. pylori-infection has not yet been clearly explained. In this review, we will focus on the role of Th1 involved in H. pylori-infection, its interaction with Th17/Treg cells and its association with the clinical consequences of the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Loghman Salimzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shapla UM, Raihan J, Islam A, Alam F, Solayman N, Gan SH, Hossen S, Khalil I. Propolis: The future therapy against Helicobacter pylori-mediated gastrointestinal diseases. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
42
|
Immunization with recombinant FliD confers protection against Helicobacter pylori infection in mice. Mol Immunol 2018; 94:176-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
43
|
Sun H, Yuan H, Tan R, Li B, Guo G, Zhang J, Jing H, Qin Y, Zhao Z, Zou Q, Wu C. Immunodominant antigens that induce Th1 and Th17 responses protect mice against Helicobacter pylori infection. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12050-12063. [PMID: 29552292 PMCID: PMC5844728 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has infected more than half of the world's population, causing gastritis, gastric ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer. The oral recombinant Helicobacter pylori vaccine currently used has made great progress in addressing this problem, however, its efficacy and longevity still need to be improved. Th1 and Th17 cells play essential roles in local protection against Helicobacter pylori in the stomach mucosa. Additionally, protective immunodominant antigens are the preferred for a vaccine. In this work, Helicobacter pylori whole cell lysate was separated into 30 groups based on molecular weight by molecular sieve chromatography. The group best promoting CD4 T cells proliferation was selected and evaluated by immunization. The detail proteins were then analyzed by LC-MS/MS and expressed in Escherichia coli. Eleven proteins were selected and the dominant ones were demonstrated. As a result, three protective immunodominant antigens, inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, type II citrate synthase, and urease subunit beta, were selected from Helicobacter pylori whole cell. Two of them (inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase and type II citrate synthase) were newly identified, and one (urease subunit beta) was confirmed as previously reported. The mixture of the three antigens showed satisfactory protective efficiency, with significant lower H. pylori colonization level (P < 0.001) and stronger Th1 (P < 0.001) and Th17 (P < 0.001) responses than PBS control group. Thus, inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, type II citrate synthase, and urease subunit beta are three protective antigens inducing dominant Th1 and Th17 responses to defend against Helicobacter pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heqiang Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hanmei Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ranjing Tan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Gang Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Haiming Jing
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yi Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Helicobacter pylori antigenic Lpp20 is a structural homologue of Tipα and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3263-3271. [PMID: 28947343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that affects about 50% of the world population and, despite being often asymptomatic, it is responsible of several gastric diseases, from gastritis to gastric cancer. The protein Lpp20 (HP1456) plays an important role in bacterium survival and host colonization, but the possibility that it might be involved in the etiology of H. pylori-related disorders is an unexplored issue. Lpp20 is a lipoprotein bound to the external membrane of the bacterium, but it is also secreted inside vesicles along with other two proteins of the same operon, i.e. HP1454 and HP1457. RESULTS In this study we determined the crystal structure of Lpp20 and we found that it has a fold similar to a carcinogenic factor released by H. pylori, namely Tipα. We demonstrate that Lpp20 promotes cell migration and E-cadherin down-regulation in gastric cancer cells, two events recalling the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Differently from Tipα, Lpp20 also stimulates cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS This identifies Lpp20 as a new pathogenic factor produced by H. pylori that promotes EMT and thereby the progression of cancer to the metastatic state.
Collapse
|
45
|
Guo L, Yang H, Tang F, Yin R, Liu H, Gong X, Wei J, Zhang Y, Xu G, Liu K. Oral Immunization with a Multivalent Epitope-Based Vaccine, Based on NAP, Urease, HSP60, and HpaA, Provides Therapeutic Effect on H. pylori Infection in Mongolian gerbils. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:349. [PMID: 28824883 PMCID: PMC5543039 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epitope-based vaccine is a promising strategy for therapeutic vaccination against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. A multivalent subunit vaccine containing various antigens from H. pylori is superior to a univalent subunit vaccine. However, whether a multivalent epitope-based vaccine is superior to a univalent epitope-based vaccine in therapeutic vaccination against H. pylori, remains unclear. In this study, a multivalent epitope-based vaccine named CWAE against H. pylori urease, neutrophil-activating protein (NAP), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) and H. pylori adhesin A (HpaA) was constructed based on mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), Th1-type adjuvant NAP, multiple copies of selected B and Th cell epitopes (UreA27–53, UreA183–203, HpaA132–141, and HSP60189–203), and also the epitope-rich regions of urease B subunit (UreB158–251 and UreB321–385) predicted by bioinformatics. Immunological properties of CWAE vaccine were characterized in BALB/c mice model. Its therapeutic effect was evaluated in H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbil model by comparing with a univalent epitope-based vaccine CTB-UE against H. pylori urease that was constructed in our previous studies. Both CWAE and CTB-UE could induce similar levels of specific antibodies against H. pylori urease, and had similar inhibition effect of H. pylori urease activity. However, only CWAE could induce high levels of specific antibodies to NAP, HSP60, HpaA, and also the synthetic peptides epitopes (UreB158–172, UreB181–195, UreB211–225, UreB349–363, HpaA132–141, and HSP60189–203). In addition, oral therapeutic immunization with CWAE significantly reduced the number of H. pylori colonies in the stomach of Mongolian gerbils, compared with oral immunization using CTB-UE or H. pylori urease. The protection of CWAE was associated with higher levels of mixed CD4+ T cell (Th cell) response, IgG, and secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies to H. pylori. These results indic ate that a multivalent epitope-based vaccine including Th and B cell epitopes from various H. pylori antigens could be a promising candidate against H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai UniversityXining, China
| | - Runting Yin
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
| | - Hongpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Gong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guangxian Xu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, China
| | - Kunmei Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Human and Helicobacter pylori Interactions Determine the Outcome of Gastric Diseases. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 400:27-52. [PMID: 28124148 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50520-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune response is a critical hallmark of Helicobacter pylori infection. Epithelial and myeloid cells produce effectors, including the chemokine CXCL8, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO), in response to bacterial components. Mechanistic and epidemiologic studies have emphasized that dysregulated and persistent release of these products leads to the development of chronic inflammation and to the molecular and cellular events related to carcinogenesis. Moreover, investigations in H. pylori-infected patients about polymorphisms of the genes encoding CXCL8 and inducible NO synthase, and epigenetic control of the ROS-producing enzyme spermine oxidase, have further proven that overproduction of these molecules impacts the severity of gastric diseases. Lastly, the critical effect of the crosstalk between the human host and the infecting bacterium in determining the severity of H. pylori-related diseases has been supported by phylogenetic analysis of the human population and their H. pylori isolates in geographic areas with varying clinical and pathologic outcomes of the infection.
Collapse
|
47
|
Coronin 1A, a novel player in integrin biology, controls neutrophil trafficking in innate immunity. Blood 2017; 130:847-858. [PMID: 28615221 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-11-749622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trafficking of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) during inflammation critically depends on the β2 integrins lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) (CD11a/CD18) and macrophage-1 antigen (CD11b/CD18). Here, we identify coronin 1A (Coro1A) as a novel regulator of β2 integrins that interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of CD18 and is crucial for induction of PMN adhesion and postadhesion events, including adhesion strengthening, spreading, and migration under flow conditions. Transition of PMN rolling to firm adhesion critically depends on Coro1A by regulating the accumulation of high-affinity LFA-1 in focal zones of adherent cells. Defective integrin affinity regulation in the genetic absence of Coro1A impairs leukocyte adhesion and extravasation in inflamed cremaster muscle venules in comparison with control animals. In a Helicobacter pylori mouse infection model, PMN infiltration into the gastric mucosa is dramatically reduced in Coro1A-/- mice, resulting in an attenuated gastric inflammation. Thus, Coro1A represents an important novel player in integrin biology, with key functions in PMN trafficking during innate immunity.
Collapse
|
48
|
Gobert AP, Wilson KT. Polyamine- and NADPH-dependent generation of ROS during Helicobacter pylori infection: A blessing in disguise. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 105:16-27. [PMID: 27682363 PMCID: PMC5366100 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that specifically colonizes the gastric ecological niche. During the infectious process, which results in diseases ranging from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer, the host response is characterized by the activation of the innate immunity of gastric epithelial cells and macrophages. These cells thus produce effector molecules such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) to counteract the infection. The generation of ROS in response to H. pylori involves two canonical pathways: 1) the NADPH-dependent reduction of molecular oxygen to generate O2•-, which can dismute to generate ROS; and 2) the back-conversion of the polyamine spermine into spermidine through the enzyme spermine oxidase, leading to H2O2 production. Although these products have the potential to affect the survival of bacteria, H. pylori has acquired numerous strategies to counteract their deleterious effects. Nonetheless, ROS-mediated oxidative DNA damage and mutations may participate in the adaptation of H. pylori to its ecological niche. Lastly, ROS have been shown to play a major role in the development of the inflammation and carcinogenesis. It is the purpose of this review to summarize the literature about the production of ROS during H. pylori infection and their role in this infectious gastric disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain P Gobert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, United States; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, United States
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, United States; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, United States; Department of Cancer Biology, United States; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, United States; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hong ZW, Yang YC, Pan T, Tzeng HF, Fu HW. Differential effects of DEAE negative mode chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography on the charge status of Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173632. [PMID: 28328957 PMCID: PMC5362085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is involved in H. pylori-associated gastric inflammation. HP-NAP is also a vaccine candidate, a possible drug target, and a potential diagnostic marker for H. pylori-associated diseases. Previously, we purified recombinant HP-NAP by one-step diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) negative mode chromatography by collecting the unbound fraction at pH 8.0 at 4°C. It remains unclear why HP-NAP does not bind to DEAE resins at the pH above its isoelectric point during the purification. To investigate how pH affects the surface net charge of HP-NAP and its binding to DEAE resins during the purification, recombinant HP-NAP expressed in Escherichia coli was subjected to DEAE negative mode chromatography at pH ranging from 7.0 to 9.0 at 25°C and the surface charge of purified HP-NAP was determined by capillary electrophoresis. A minimal amount of HP-NAP was detected in the elution fraction of DEAE Sepharose resin at pH 8.5, whereas recombinant HP-NAP was detected in the elution fraction of DEAE Sephadex resin only at pH 7.0 and 8.0. The purified recombinant HP-NAP obtained from the unbound fractions was not able to bind to DEAE resins at pH 7.0 to 9.0. In addition, the surface charge of the purified HP-NAP was neutral at pH 7.0 to 8.0 and was either neutral or slightly negative at pH 8.5 and 9.0. However, recombinant HP-NAP purified from gel-filtration chromatography was able to bind to DEAE Sepharose resin at pH 7.0 to 9.0 and DEAE Sephadex resin at pH 7.0. At pH 8.5 and 9.0, only the negatively charged species of HP-NAP were found. Thus, recombinant HP-NAP with different charge status can be differentially purified by DEAE negative mode chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography. Furthermore, the charge distribution on the surface of HP-NAP, the presence of impure proteins, and the overall net charge of the resins all affect the binding of HP-NAP to DEAE resins during the negative purification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chi Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Timothy Pan
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Huey-Fen Tzeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HWF); (HFT)
| | - Hua-Wen Fu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HWF); (HFT)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zawilak-Pawlik A, Zakrzewska-Czerwińska J. Recent Advances in Helicobacter pylori Replication: Possible Implications in Adaptation to a Pathogenic Lifestyle and Perspectives for Drug Design. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 400:73-103. [PMID: 28124150 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50520-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA replication is an important step in the life cycle of every cell that ensures the continuous flow of genetic information from one generation to the next. In all organisms, chromosome replication must be coordinated with overall cell growth. Helicobacter pylori growth strongly depends on its interaction with the host, particularly with the gastric epithelium. Moreover, H. pylori actively searches for an optimal microniche within a stomach, and it has been shown that not every microniche equally supports growth of this bacterium. We postulate that besides nutrients, H. pylori senses different, unknown signals, which presumably also affect chromosome replication to maintain H. pylori propagation at optimal ratio allowing H. pylori to establish a chronic, lifelong infection. Thus, H. pylori chromosome replication and particularly the regulation of this process might be considered important for bacterial pathogenesis. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of chromosome and plasmid replication in H. pylori and discuss the mechanisms responsible for regulating this key cellular process. The results of extensive studies conducted thus far allow us to propose common and unique traits in H. pylori chromosome replication. Interestingly, the repertoire of proteins involved in replication in H. pylori is significantly different to that in E. coli, strongly suggesting that novel factors are engaged in H. pylori chromosome replication and could represent attractive drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zawilak-Pawlik
- Department of Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Zakrzewska-Czerwińska
- Department of Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Ul. Joliot-Curie 14A, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|