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Fan JN, Ho H, Chiang BL. Characterization of novel CD8 + regulatory T cells and their modulatory effects in murine model of inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:327. [PMID: 39085655 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulation of mucosal immune system has been proposed to be critical in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in regulating immune responses. Tregs are involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and exerting suppressive function in colitis. Our previous studies showed that a novel forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) negative Tregs (Treg-of-B cells), induced by culturing naïve CD4+ T cells with B cells, could protect against colitis and downregulate T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cell cytokines in T cell-mediated colitis. In the present study, we aimed to induce Treg-of-B cells in the CD8+ T-cell population and investigate their characteristics and immunomodulatory functions. Our results showed that CD8+ Treg-of-B cells expressed Treg-associated markers, including lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG3), inducible co-stimulator (ICOS), programmed death-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member-4 (TNFRSF4, OX40), and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member-18 (TNFRSF18, GITR), but did not express Foxp3. CD8+ Treg-of-B cells produced higher concentration of inhibitory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10, and expressed higher levels of cytotoxic factor granzyme B and perforin after stimulation, compared to those of CD8+CD25- T cells. Moreover, CD8+ Treg-of-B cells suppressed T cell proliferation in vitro and alleviated colonic inflammation in chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. In conclusion, our study identified a novel subpopulation of CD8+ Tregs with suppressive effects through cell contact. These CD8+ Treg-of-B cells might have therapeutic potential for IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ning Fan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Ho
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Anyalebechi JC, Sun Y, Davis C, Wagener ME, Liang Z, Burd EM, Coopersmith CM, Ford ML. CD8 + T cells are necessary for improved sepsis survival induced by CD28 agonism in immunologically experienced mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1346097. [PMID: 38633258 PMCID: PMC11021695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A hallmark of T cell dysregulation during sepsis is the downregulation of costimulatory molecules. CD28 is one of T cell costimulatory molecules significantly altered on memory T cells during sepsis. We recently showed that treatment with a αCD28 agonist in septic immunologically experienced mice led to improved survival. Therefore, here we aimed to identify the cell subset(s) necessary for the survival benefit observed in the context of CD28 agonism, and to further investigate the mechanism by which CD28 agonism improves sepsis survival in immunologically experienced mice. Methods: Mice received specific pathogen inoculation to generate memory T cell populations similar in frequency to that of adult humans. Once these infections were cleared and the T cell response had transitioned to the memory phase, animals were rendered septic via cecal ligation and puncture in the presence or absence of an agonistic anti-CD28 mAb. Results Results demonstrated that CD8+ T cells, and not bulk CD4+ T cells or CD25+ regulatory T cells, were necessary for the survival benefit observed in CD28 agonist-treated septic immunologically experienced mice. Upon examination of these CD8+ T cells, we found that CD28 agonism in septic immunologically experienced mice was associated with an increase in Foxp3+ CD8+ T cells as compared to vehicle-treated controls. When CD8+ T cells were depleted in septic immunologically experienced mice in the setting of CD28 agonism, a significant increase in levels of inflammatory cytokines in the blood was observed. Discussion Taken together, these results indicate that CD28 agonism in immunologically experienced mice effectively suppresses inflammation via a CD8+-dependent mechanism to decrease mortality during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome C. Anyalebechi
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yini Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Carolyn Davis
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Maylene E. Wagener
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eileen M. Burd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Craig M. Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mandy L. Ford
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Ghahramanipour Z, Alipour S, Masoumi J, Rostamlou A, Hatami-Sadr A, Heris JA, Naseri B, Jafarlou M, Baradaran B. Regulation of Dendritic Cell Functions by Vitamins as Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Immune System Disorders. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300142. [PMID: 37423961 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A functional immune system is crucial for a healthy life, protecting from infections, tumors, or autoimmune disorders; these are accomplished by the interaction between various immune cells. Nourishment, particularly micronutrients, are very important components in the immune system balance, therefore this review emphasizes the vitamins (D, E, A, C) and Dendritic cells' subsets due to vitamins' roles in immune processes, especially on dendritic cells' functions, maturation, and cytokine production. Current studies reveal significant benefits related to vitamins, including vitamin E, which can contribute to the control of dendritic cells' function and maturation. Furthermore, vitamin D plays an immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory role in the immune system. Metabolite of vitamin A which is called retinoic acid leads to T cells' differentiation to T helper 1 or T helper 17, so low levels of this vitamin exacerbate the menace of infectious diseases, and vitamin C has anti-oxidant effects on dendritic cells and modulate their activation and differentiation program. Additionally, the correlation between the amount of vitamin and the occurrence or progression of allergic diseases and autoimmunity disorders is discussed according to the results of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghahramanipour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Shiva Alipour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665931, Iran
| | - Javad Masoumi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Arman Rostamlou
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of EGE, Izmir, 35040, Turkey
| | | | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Bahar Naseri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jafarlou
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran
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Knoedler S, Knoedler L, Kauke-Navarro M, Rinkevich Y, Hundeshagen G, Harhaus L, Kneser U, Pomahac B, Orgill DP, Panayi AC. Regulatory T cells in skin regeneration and wound healing. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:49. [PMID: 37867188 PMCID: PMC10591349 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the body's integumentary system, the skin is vulnerable to injuries. The subsequent wound healing processes aim to restore dermal and epidermal integrity and functionality. To this end, multiple tissue-resident cells and recruited immune cells cooperate to efficiently repair the injured tissue. Such temporally- and spatially-coordinated interplay necessitates tight regulation to prevent collateral damage such as overshooting immune responses and excessive inflammation. In this context, regulatory T cells (Tregs) hold a key role in balancing immune homeostasis and mediating cutaneous wound healing. A comprehensive understanding of Tregs' multifaceted field of activity may help decipher wound pathologies and, ultimately, establish new treatment modalities. Herein, we review the role of Tregs in orchestrating the regeneration of skin adnexa and catalyzing healthy wound repair. Further, we discuss how Tregs operate during fibrosis, keloidosis, and scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, 85764, Germany
| | - Leonard Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Martin Kauke-Navarro
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yuval Rinkevich
- Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, 85764, Germany
| | - Gabriel Hundeshagen
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, 67071, Germany
| | - Leila Harhaus
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, 67071, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, 67071, Germany
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adriana C Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Microsurgery, Burn Trauma Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, 67071, Germany.
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Arroyo Hornero R, Idoyaga J. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: A dendritic cell in disguise. Mol Immunol 2023; 159:38-45. [PMID: 37269733 PMCID: PMC10625168 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery, the identity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) has been at the center of a continuous dispute in the field, and their classification as dendritic cells (DCs) has been recently re-challenged. pDCs are different enough from the rest of the DC family members to be considered a lineage of cells on their own. Unlike the exclusive myeloid ontogeny of cDCs, pDCs may have dual origin developing from myeloid and lymphoid progenitors. Moreover, pDCs have the unique ability to quickly secrete abundant levels of type I interferon (IFN-I) in response to viral infections. In addition, pDCs undergo a differentiation process after pathogen recognition that allows them to activate T cells, a feature that has been shown to be independent of presumed contaminating cells. Here, we aim to provide an overview of the historic and current understanding of pDCs and argue that their classification as either lymphoid or myeloid may be an oversimplification. Instead, we propose that the capacity of pDCs to link the innate and adaptive immune response by directly sensing pathogens and activating adaptive immune responses justify their inclusion within the DC network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Arroyo Hornero
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, and Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, and Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Lafuse WP, Wu Q, Kumar N, Saljoughian N, Sunkum S, Ahumada OS, Turner J, Rajaram MVS. Psychological stress creates an immune suppressive environment in the lung that increases susceptibility of aged mice to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:990402. [PMID: 36189368 PMCID: PMC9523253 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.990402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for chronic infections, including tuberculosis (TB). Elderly TB patients also suffer from elevated levels of psychological stress. It is not clear how psychological stress impacts immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). In this study, we used social disruption stress (SDR) to investigate effects of psychological stress in young and old mice. Unexpectedly, we found that SDR suppresses lung inflammation in old mice as evidenced by lower pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in bronchial lavage fluid and decreased cytokine mRNA expression by alveolar macrophages. To investigate effects of stress on M.tb infection, mice were subjected to SDR and then infected with M.tb. As previously reported, old mice were better at controlling infection at 30 days than young mice. This control was transient as CFUs at 60 days were higher in old control mice compared to young mice. Consistently, SDR significantly increased M.tb growth at 60 days in old mice compared to young mice. In addition, SDR in old mice resulted in accumulation of IL-10 mRNA and decreased IFN-γ mRNA at 60 days. Also, confocal microscopy of lung sections from old SDR mice showed increased number of CD4 T cells which express LAG3 and CD49b, markers of IL-10 secreting regulatory T cells. Further, we also demonstrated that CD4 T cells from old SDR mice express IL-10. Thus, we conclude that psychological stress in old mice prior to infection, increases differentiation of IL-10 secreting T cells, which over time results in loss of control of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Lafuse
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: William P. Lafuse, ; Murugesan V. S. Rajaram,
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Noushin Saljoughian
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shrayes Sunkum
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Joanne Turner
- Host Pathogen Interactions Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Murugesan V. S. Rajaram
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: William P. Lafuse, ; Murugesan V. S. Rajaram,
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Samiei H, Ajam F, Gharavi A, Abdolmaleki S, Kokhaei P, Mohammadi S, Memarian A. Simultaneous disruption of circulating miR-21 and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs): Prospective diagnostic and prognostic markers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24125. [PMID: 34799871 PMCID: PMC8761409 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as the most prominent type of esophageal cancer (EC) in developing countries encompasses a substantial contribution of cancer-related mortalities and morbidities. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are the major subset of effector T cells against cancer. However, the microRNAs involved in the development and regulation of CTLs could be disrupted in cancers such as EC. METHODS Here, we evaluated the population of IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and IL-17a-producing CD3+CD8+ T cells, their association with the circulating levels of miR-21 and miR-29b, and their diagnostic and/or prognostic (after 160 weeks of follow-up) utilities in 34 ESCC patients (12 newly diagnosed: ND, 24 under-treatment: UT) and 34 matched healthy donors. RESULTS The population of IL-10 and TGF-β-producing CTLs (CD8+ Tregs) were considerably expanded, in addition to the overexpression of miR-21 in both groups (ND and UT) of ESCC patients, while the frequency of Tc17 and CD8+ Treg cells increased only in UT patients. The expression means of TGF-β and IL-10 in CTLs were considered to be excellent biomarkers (1 ≥ area under the curve: AUC ≥0.9) in distinguishing ESCC patients and associated subgroups from healthy subjects. Moreover, the lower expressions of TGF-β, IL-17a, IL-10, and IFN-γ in CTLs were associated with ESCC better prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The association between the impaired function of CD3+ CD8+ T cell subsets and miR-21 expression could be introduced as novel therapeutic targets and powerful diagnostic and prognostic markers for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Samiei
- Immunology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineSemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Faezeh Ajam
- Immunology DepartmentFaculty of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Abdolsamad Gharavi
- Digestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Sara Abdolmaleki
- Clinical Immunology LaboratoryDeziani Specialized and Advanced ClinicGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Immune and Gene Therapy LaboratoryCancer Centre KarolinskaDepartment of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Cancer Research Center and Department of ImmunologySemnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Stem Cell Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Infectious Diseases Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Ali Memarian
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
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Minesaki A, Kai K, Kuratomi Y, Aishima S. Infiltration of CD1a-positive dendritic cells in advanced laryngeal cancer correlates with unfavorable outcomes post-laryngectomy. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:973. [PMID: 34461859 PMCID: PMC8406956 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prognosis of advanced laryngeal cancer is unfavorable despite advances in multidisciplinary therapy. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in antitumor immunity. Tumor-infiltrating CD1a+ DCs have been reported to be associated with clinical outcomes in carcinomas of various organs, but the clinical impact of CD1a+ DCs in laryngeal cancer remains to be unequivocally established. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 57 patients with Stage III or IV laryngeal cancer who underwent a total laryngectomy. Immunohistochemistry detection of CD1a, S100 and CD8 was performed on representative resected specimens. CD1a+ DCs, S100+ DCs and CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) were evaluated, and the cases divided into high and low groups according to the cut-off of the median values for each of these 3 parameters. Results Compared to the CD1a-low group, the CD1a-high group had more advanced cases and showed significantly worse disease-specific survival (DSS) (P = 0.008) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.032). The analyses of S100 DCs and CD8+ CTLs revealed no significant impact on clinical outcomes. However, multivariate analysis revealed that infiltration of CD1a+ DCs was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for both DSS (P = 0.009) and OS (P = 0.013). Conclusions Our results demonstrated that the infiltration of CD1a+ DCs was associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer who underwent a total laryngectomy as the initial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimichi Minesaki
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Keita Kai
- Department of Pathology, Saga University Hospital, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga City, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Kuratomi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Saga University Hospital, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga City, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
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Knight A, Rihova L, Kralova R, Penka M, Adam Z, Pour L, Piskacek M, Hajek R. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Patients with MGUS and Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163717. [PMID: 34442012 PMCID: PMC8396926 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play prominent roles in mediating innate and adaptive immune responses. However, it is unclear how pDCs contribute to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment described in multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: Newly diagnosed myeloma patients (MM, n = 37) were analyzed to determine the pDC counts in comparison to peripheral blood (PB, n = 53) and bone marrow (BM, n = 10) samples of age-matched healthy donors (HD) using flow cytometry. Second, proliferation of myeloma tumor cells in the presence of freshly isolated pDCs was examined. Third, production of IFNα by pDCs co-cultured with MM cells was determined by intracellular staining. Results: We found a highly significant reduction of circulating pDCs (p < 0.0001) and in bone marrow (p < 0.0001) of MM patients compared to HD. We also observed a significant decrease of pDCs (p = 0.004) in BM in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS, n = 12). Importantly, we determined that pDCs promote proliferation specifically of MM cells and not the stromal cells and that pDCs secrete IFNα upon co-culture with MM tumor cells. Conclusions: Our results show altered pDC frequencies in the BM microenvironment in MGUS and MM patients at diagnosis. We showed the tumor-promoting function of pDCs that may mediate immune deficiencies affecting long-term disease control and treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Knight
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucie Rihova
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.R.); (R.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Romana Kralova
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.R.); (R.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Miroslav Penka
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.R.); (R.K.); (M.P.)
| | - Zdenek Adam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.A.); (L.P.)
| | - Ludek Pour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.A.); (L.P.)
| | - Martin Piskacek
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, University Hospital Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Lin L, Dai F, Wei J, Chen Z. CD8 + Tregs ameliorate inflammatory reactions in a murine model of allergic rhinitis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 17:74. [PMID: 34294130 PMCID: PMC8296699 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD8+CD25+fork-head box transcription factor (Foxp3)+ regulatory T cells (CD8+ Tregs) play a role in immune tolerance. However, the role of these cells in allergic rhinitis (AR) has not been elucidated. The study aimed to evaluate influences of CD8+ Tregs on inflammatory conditions in a murine model of AR. METHODS A murine model of AR was established. CD8+ Tregs were isolated from mice nasal mucosa and cultured in vitro. We examined interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in cell cultures. Then, we administered CD8+ Tregs into mice nasal mucosal cultures, and examined eosinophil cation protein (ECP), IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in these cultures. Finally, we adoptively transferred CD8+ Tregs into mice models, and evaluated percentages of CD8+ Tregs, numbers of sneezing and nasal rubbing, and counts of eosinophils and contents of ECP, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10 and TGF-β in nasal lavage fluid (NLF) in mice. RESULTS The percentage of CD8+ Tregs from AR mice was reduced. IL-10 and TGF-β were increased in cell cultures from AR mice. ECP, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 were decreased after the AR mice CD8+ Tregs administration in mucosal cultures. However, their contents were not changed after normal CD8+ Tregs treatment. Additionally, the adoptive transfer of AR CD8+ Tregs enhanced the percentage of CD8+ Tregs and levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in NLF, reduced numbers of sneezing and nasal rubbing, and counts of eosinophils and concentrations of ECP, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 in NLF. However, normal CD8+ Tregs could not change above parameters. CONCLUSION These findings show that CD8+ Tregs may inhibit inflammatory responses in the AR condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Fei Dai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jinjin Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, No. 12 Wulumuqi Middle Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
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11
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Zhu XX, Yin XQ, Hei GZ, Wei R, Guo Q, Zhao L, Zhang Z, Chu C, Fu XX, Xu K, Li X. Increased miR-6875-5p inhibits plasmacytoid dendritic cell differentiation via the STAT3/E2-2 pathway in recurrent spontaneous abortion. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6317516. [PMID: 34240166 PMCID: PMC8355038 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a common complication of early pregnancy. Dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to confer fetal–maternal immunotolerance and play a crucial role in ensuring a successful pregnancy. A decrease of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) was found to be involved in RSA, but the underlying mechanisms of decreased pDC in RSA remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in RSA as well as the development, differentiation and functional regulation of pDCs; however, the regulatory effect of miRNAs on pDC in RSA has not been fully investigated. Here we demonstrated that both the proportion of pDC and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3)/transcription factor 4 (Tcf4/E2-2) expression decreased in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and decidua of patients with RSA compared to those with normal pregnancy (NP), and there was a significantly positive correlation between pDC and STAT3 mRNA. MiRNA microarray assay and quantitative reverse transcription PCR results showed that miR-6875-5p expression was markedly increased in women with RSA and negatively correlated with mRNA expression level of STAT3. Up-regulated miR-6875-5p could sensitively discriminate patients with RSA from NP subjects. Overexpression of miR-6875-5p significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of STAT3 and E2-2 as well as the protein and phosphorylation level of STAT3, while miR-6875-5p knockdown showed opposite results. Dual luciferase reporter verified that miR-6875-5p regulated STAT3 expression by directly binding to its 3'untranslated region. Overall, our results suggested that increased miR-6875-5p is involved in RSA by decreasing the differentiation of pDCs via inhibition of the STAT3/E2-2 signaling pathway. miR-6875-5p may be explored as a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xun-Qiang Yin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guo-Zhen Hei
- Shandong Province Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a serious autoimmune disease with a wide range of organ involvement. In addition to aberrant B-cell responses leading to autoantibody production, T-cell abnormalities are important in the induction of autoimmunity and the ensuing downstream organ damage. In this article, we present an update on how subsets of CD8+ T cells contribute to SLE pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Reduced cytolytic function of CD8+ T cells not only promotes systemic autoimmunity but also accounts for the increased risk of infections. Additional information suggests that effector functions of tissue CD8+ T cells contribute to organ damage. The phenotypic changes in tissue CD8+ T cells likely arise from exposure to tissue microenvironment and crosstalk with tissue resident cells. Research on pathogenic IL-17-producing double negative T cells also suggests their origin from autoreactive CD8+ T cells, which also contribute to the induction and maintenance of systemic autoimmunity. SUMMARY Reduced CD8+ T-cell effector function illustrates their role in peripheral tolerance in the control of autoimmunity and to the increased risk of infections. Inflammatory cytokine producing double negative T cells and functional defects of regulatory CD8+ T cell both contribute to SLE pathogenesis. Further in depth research on these phenotypic changes are warranted for the development of new therapeutics for people with SLE.
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13
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Yang L, Ma J, He Q, Li X. Immutol regulates CD4 +Tregs, CD8 +Tregs and pDCs via IDO signaling pathway to induce immune tolerance in rat heart allograft transplant. Transpl Immunol 2021; 68:101393. [PMID: 33838298 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) can promote tryptophan metabolism to kynurenine and modulate regulatory T cells (Tregs), thereby maintains lower efficiency to induce tolerance. Our aim is to investigate the mechanism of tolerance induction by a IDO metabolite named Immutol. METHODS We established rat heterotopic heart transplantation models and treated them with Immutol, cyclosporine A (CsA) and 1-methyl-DL-tryptophan (1-MT) in vivo. The drugs were administered via gavage to all but the control group one day before surgery. CsA was gavaged continually for 20 days and Immutol for 60 days; after withdrawal of the drugs, the recipients were observed for at least 10 months. Immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The IDO signaling pathway was evaluated by Western blotting, RT-PCR and immunochemical staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to detect changes in cytokines. RESULTS CsA or Immutol alone prolonged survival but did not induce tolerance after withdrawal. Immutol+CsA inhibited acute rejection, and the grafts survived more than 400 d, with tolerance detected in most rats (13/15). Increased protein IDO and kynurenine could regulate the accumulation of CD4+Tregs, CD8+Tregs and pDC to induce immune tolerance. I-MT specifically blocked IDO, weakened the expression of IDO and kynurenine, and produced grafts rejection. Additionally, Tregs could down-regulate immune responses through production of the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta, thus induce immune tolerance. CD8+ Tregs produce IFN-γ, and tolerance is dependent on both IFN-γ and IDO. CONCLUSION Immutol combined with CsA can control acute rejection and induce tolerance in rats with cardiac allografts after withdrawal. Immutol may become a novel drug for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Xianliang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Organ Transplant Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, China.
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14
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Lin L, Dai F, Wei J, Chen Z. Influences of CD8 + Tregs on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Allergic Rhinitis Patients. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:E316-E323. [PMID: 32453455 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CD8+ (or CD4+ ) CD25+ fork-head box transcription factor (Foxp3)+ regulatory T cells (CD8+ or CD4+ Tregs) all play a significant role in immune homeostasis and tolerance. However, the role of CD8+ Tregs in allergic rhinitis (AR) have not been clearly elucidated. The present study was aimed to assess the influence of CD8+ Tregs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AR patients. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS Patients with AR were enrolled. PBMCs were obtained, and CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs were separated from PBMCs and cultured in vitro. We examined percentages of these Tregs in total CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, respectively. After that, we evaluated levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in Tregs cultures. Finally, we administered CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs from AR patients into PBMCs cultures and examined contents of IL-4 and IL-5. RESULTS The percentages of CD4+ or CD8+ Tregs in the total CD4+ or CD8+ T cells from PBMCs in AR patients were reduced compared to normal subjects. However, IL-10 and TGF-β and their mRNAs were increased in CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs cultures from AR patients, and there were no significant differences in their levels between these two Tregs cultures. IL-4 and IL-5 were increased in AR subjects' PBMCs compared to normal ones and decreased after the AR CD4+ or CD8+ Tregs administration. However, there were no statistical differences in IL-4 and IL-5 concentrations between these two Tregs treatments. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that CD8+ Tregs may alleviate inflammatory responses in AR condition. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Laryngoscope, 131:E316-E323, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Dai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjin Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Tian Y, Shi P, Zhou Y, Yuan R, Hu Z, Tan Y, Ma G, Yang L, Jiang H. DiR-labeled tolerogenic dendritic cells for targeted imaging in collagen- induced arthritis rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107273. [PMID: 33360828 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) are immunosuppressive cells and play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as immunotherapeutic tools. We aimed to investigate whether allogeneic tolDCs (allo-tolDCs) and autologous tolDCs (auto-tolDCs) had long-time tolerogenic potential in vivo and improve arthritis in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. TolDCs were induced by NF-κB Decoy ODN, and loaded with Bovine Type II collagen (CII- loaded tolDCs) and identified by flow cytometry, and labeled with DiR and injected into CIA rats. The biodistribution of DiR-labeled tolDCs was monitored by IVIS imaging at different time points. Major organs were harvested and analyzed by ex-in vivo cell imaging. The tolDCs were successfully constructed, along with expressing low levels of CD80 and CD86 compared to DCs. The fluorescent signals of all DiR (+) groups were observed at least 25 days, and as long as 35 days. DiR (+) CII- loaded allo-and auto-tolDCs at post injection mainly distributed in the chest and abdomen and gradually moved to limb joints over time. The allo- and auto-tolDCs decreased the expression of IFN-γ and IL-2 in CIA rats with different severity compared to CIA rats without tolDCs treatment, while significantly increased the expression of IL-4 and IL-10. Additionally, these tolDCs ameliorated the ankle joints injury in CIA rats with different severity. The both allo- and auto-tolDCs showed long-time tolerogenic potential in vivo and ameliorated arthritis in CIA rats with different severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Tian
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Minda Hospital affiliated Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Affiliated Tianyou Hospital of Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Guilan Ma
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, Guizhou, China.
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16
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Zhou H, Yang J, Tian J, Wang S. CD8 + T Lymphocytes: Crucial Players in Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 11:602823. [PMID: 33584670 PMCID: PMC7876316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.602823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease associated with damage to multiple organs and glands. The most common clinical manifestations are dry eyes, dry mouth, and enlarged salivary glands. Currently, CD4+ T lymphocytes are considered to be key factors in the immunopathogenesis of pSS, but various studies have shown that CD8+ T lymphocytes contribute to acinar injury in the exocrine glands. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the classification and features of CD8+ T lymphocytes, specifically describing the role of CD8+ T lymphocytes in disease pathophysiology. Furthermore, we presented treatment strategies targeting CD8+ T cells to capitalize on the pathogenic and regulatory potential of CD8+ T lymphocytes in SS to provide promising new strategies for this inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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17
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Distorted frequency of dendritic cells and their associated stimulatory and inhibitory markers augment the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris. Immunol Res 2020; 68:353-362. [PMID: 33184735 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-020-09166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency and functionality of DCs and its associated stimulatory and inhibitory markers in the pathogenesis of PV Active PV patients (n = 30) having both skin and oral lesions, and 30 healthy controls were recruited in the study. The frequency of DCs was determined by flow cytometry followed by the primary culture by using recombinant IL-4 (250 IU/ml) and GM-CSF (600 IU/ml). The culture supernatant was used for ELISA. RNA was isolated from sorted DCs and used for the mRNA expression of DC-associated stimulatory (CD40 and CD80) and inhibitory (PSGL1 and ILT3) markers. Tissue localization of Langerhans cells was done by immunohistochemistry. In this study, altered frequency of myeloid DC (mDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) was seen in the circulation of PV patients. The primary culture of patient-derived DCs showed anomalous cytokine profiling. In the culture supernatant of DCs, elevated levels of TNF-ɑ and IL-12 were detected in PV patients. Meanwhile, reverse trend was found in the case of IFN-ɑ and IL-10 cytokine levels. Similarly, a discrepancy in the expression of DC-associated stimulatory (CD40 and CD80) and inhibitory (PSGL1 and ILT3) markers suggested their possible involvement in the immunopathogenesis of PV. An elevated number of tissue localizing Langerhans cells was also observed in the perilesional skin. This study indicates the distorted frequency and functionality of DCs in the immunopathogenesis of PV. Targeting these functional markers in the future may generate novel therapeutic options for better management of PV.
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18
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Hu X, Wu T, Wang C, Li J, Ying C. CD248+CD8+ T lymphocytes suppress pathological vascular remodeling in human thoracic aortic aneurysms. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:121-129. [PMID: 32867546 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220953386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are characterized by vascular inflammation, neovascularization, and extracellular matrix destruction of the aortic wall. Although experimental studies indicate a potential role of CD248 in microvessel remodeling, the functions of CD248 in human vascular pathologies remain unexplored. Here we aimed to study how CD248 interferes with pathological vascular remodeling of human aortic aneurysms. Immunofluorescent staining showed that CD248 expression was mainly localized in the CD8+ T cells infiltrating in the adventitia and media of aortic walls of patients with ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms. qPCR and immunofluorescent staining analyses revealed increased aortic CD248 expression and infiltrating CD248+CD8+ T cells in aortic aneurysms than in nonaneurysmal aortas. Flow cytometry analysis of human peripheral blood further identified a fraction of circulating CD248+ cells which was confined in the CD8+ T-cell compartment. The increased infiltrating of CD248+CD8+ T cells was coincident with reduced circulating CD248+CD8+ T cells in patients with ascending TAA when compared with patients with coronary artery diseases and healthy donors. The CD248+CD8+ T cells were characterized by upregulated IL-10 and downregulated IL-1β/INF-γ expression when compared with CD248-CD8+ T cells. Moreover, when co-cultured with human aortic endothelial cells, the CD248+CD8+ T cells not only downregulated endothelial expression of ICAM1/VCAM1 and MMP2/3 but also suppressed endothelial migration. This study shows that CD248 reduces pathological vascular remodeling via anti-inflammatory CD248+CD8+ T cells, revealing a CD248-mediated cellular mechanism against human aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Renji Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jun Li
- Renji Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chunmei Ying
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200090, China
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19
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Barut GT, Lischer HEL, Bruggmann R, Summerfield A, Talker SC. Transcriptomic profiling of bovine blood dendritic cells and monocytes following TLR stimulation. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1691-1711. [PMID: 32592404 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes are vital for the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Recently, we identified bona fide DC subsets in blood of cattle, revealing subset- and species-specific transcription of toll-like receptors (TLR). In the present study, we analyzed phenotypic and transcriptional responses of bovine DC subsets and monocytes to in vitro stimulation with four to six different TLR ligands. Bovine DC subsets, especially plasmacytoid DC (pDC), showed a clear increase of CCR7, CD25, CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC-II expression both on mRNA and protein level. Flow cytometric detection of p38 MAPK phosphorylation 15 min after stimulation confirmed activation of DC subsets and monocytes in accordance with TLR gene expression. Whole-transcriptome sequencing of sorted and TLR-stimulated subsets revealed potential ligand- and subset-specific regulation of genes associated with inflammation, T-cell co-stimulation, migration, metabolic reprogramming, and antiviral activity. Gardiquimod was found to evoke strong responses both in DC subsets and monocytes, while Poly(I:C) and CpG preferentially triggered responses in cDC1 and pDC, respectively. This in-depth analysis of ligand responsiveness is essential for the rational design of vaccine adjuvants in cattle, and provides a solid basis for comparative studies on DC and monocyte biology across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tuba Barut
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern & Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heidi E L Lischer
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern & Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie C Talker
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern & Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Jamali A, Kenyon B, Ortiz G, Abou-Slaybi A, Sendra VG, Harris DL, Hamrah P. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 80:100877. [PMID: 32717378 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique subpopulation of immune cells, distinct from classical dendritic cells. pDCs are generated in the bone marrow and following development, they typically home to secondary lymphoid tissues. While peripheral tissues are generally devoid of pDCs during steady state, few tissues, including the lung, kidney, vagina, and in particular ocular tissues harbor resident pDCs. pDCs were originally appreciated for their potential to produce large quantities of type I interferons in viral immunity. Subsequent studies have now unraveled their pivotal role in mediating immune responses, in particular in the induction of tolerance. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on pDCs in ocular tissues in both mice and humans, in particular in the cornea, limbus, conjunctiva, choroid, retina, and lacrimal gland. Further, we will review our current understanding on the significance of pDCs in ameliorating inflammatory responses during herpes simplex virus keratitis, sterile inflammation, and corneal transplantation. Moreover, we describe their novel and pivotal neuroprotective role, their key function in preserving corneal angiogenic privilege, as well as their potential application as a cell-based therapy for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsia Jamali
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendan Kenyon
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Ortiz
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdo Abou-Slaybi
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor G Sendra
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deshea L Harris
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Cornea Service, Tufts New England Eye Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Monti M, Consoli F, Vescovi R, Bugatti M, Vermi W. Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Cutaneous Melanoma. Cells 2020; 9:E417. [PMID: 32054102 PMCID: PMC7072514 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of metastatic melanoma (MM) patients has remained poor for a long time. However, the recent introduction of effective target therapies (BRAF and MEK inhibitors for BRAFV600-mutated MM) and immunotherapies (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1) has significantly improved the survival of MM patients. Notably, all these responses are highly dependent on the fitness of the host immune system, including the innate compartment. Among immune cells involved in cancer immunity, properly activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) exert an important role, bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses and directly eliminating cancer cells. A distinctive feature of pDCs is the production of high amount of type I Interferon (I-IFN), through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and 9 signaling pathway activation. However, published data indicate that melanoma-associated escape mechanisms are in place to hijack pDC functions. We have recently reported that pDC recruitment is recurrent in the early phases of melanoma, but the entire pDC compartment collapses over melanoma progression. Here, we summarize recent advances on pDC biology and function within the context of melanoma immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Francesca Consoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST-Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Vescovi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (R.V.); (M.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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22
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Guisier F, Barros-Filho MC, Rock LD, Strachan-Whaley M, Marshall EA, Dellaire G, Lam WL. Janus or Hydra: The Many Faces of T Helper Cells in the Human Tumour Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1224:35-51. [PMID: 32036603 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35723-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T helper (TH) cells are key regulators in the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME), mediating the adaptive immunological response towards cancer, mainly through the activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. After antigen recognition and proper co-stimulation, naïve TH cells are activated, undergo clonal expansion, and release cytokines that will define the differentiation of a specific effector TH cell subtype. These different subtypes have different functions, which can mediate both anti- and pro-tumour immunological responses. Here, we present the dual role of TH cells restraining or promoting the tumour, the factors controlling their homing and differentiation in the TIME, their influence on immunotherapy, and their use as prognostic indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Guisier
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Pneumology, Thoracic Oncology and Intensive Respiratory Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
| | - Mateus Camargo Barros-Filho
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Research Center, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leigha D Rock
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Oral and Biological Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Erin A Marshall
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Canadian Environmental Exposures in Cancer (CE2C) Network (CE2C.ca), Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Canadian Environmental Exposures in Cancer (CE2C) Network (CE2C.ca), Halifax, NS, Canada
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23
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Bourque J, Hawiger D. Immunomodulatory Bonds of the Partnership between Dendritic Cells and T Cells. Crit Rev Immunol 2019; 38:379-401. [PMID: 30792568 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2018026790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
By acquiring, processing, and presenting both foreign and self-antigens, dendritic cells (DCs) initiate T cell activation that is shaped through the immunomodulatory functions of a variety of cell-membrane-bound molecules including BTLA-HVEM, CD40-CD40L, CTLA-4-CD80/CD86, CD70-CD27, ICOS-ICOS-L, OX40-OX40L, and PD-L1-PD-1, as well as several key cytokines and enzymes such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (Raldh), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Some of these distinct immunomodulatory signals are mediated by specific subsets of DCs, therefore contributing to the functional specialization of DCs in the priming and regulation of immune responses. In addition to responding to the DC-mediated signals, T cells can reciprocally modulate the immunomodulatory capacities of DCs, further refining immune responses. Here, we review recent studies, particularly in experimental mouse systems, that have delineated the integrated mechanisms of crucial immunomodulatory pathways that enable specific populations of DCs and T cells to work intimately together as single functional units that are indispensable for the maintenance of immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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24
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Valizadeh A, Sanaei R, Rezaei N, Azizi G, Fekrvand S, Aghamohammadi A, Yazdani R. Potential role of regulatory B cells in immunological diseases. Immunol Lett 2019; 215:48-59. [PMID: 31442542 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are immune-modulating cells that affect the immune system by producing cytokines or cellular interactions. These cells have immunomodulatory effects on the immune system by cytokine production. The abnormalities in Bregs could be involved in various disorders such as autoimmunity, chronic infectious disease, malignancies, allergies, and primary immunodeficiencies are immune-related scenarios. Ongoing investigation could disclose the biology and the exact phenotype of these cells and also the assigned mechanisms of action of each subset, as a result, potential therapeutic strategies for treating immune-related anomalies. In this review, we collect the findings of human and mouse Bregs and the therapeutic efforts to change the pathogenicity of these cells in diverse disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Valizadeh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roozbeh Sanaei
- Immunology Research Center (IRC), Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saba Fekrvand
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Sun T, Luo Y, Wang M, Xie T, Yan H. Recombinant Oncolytic Vaccinia Viruses Expressing Human β-Defensin 2 Enhance Anti-tumor Immunity. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2019; 13:49-57. [PMID: 31011627 PMCID: PMC6463222 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is still a leading of cause of death worldwide. Among the bio-therapy strategies for cancer, vaccinia virus (VV) has been widely used as an expression vector because of its potent oncolytic activities in addition to its large capacity for insertion of foreign genes and excellent safety records. In the present study, a novel recombinant VV, VV-HBD2-lacZ, expressing human β-defensin 2 (HBD2), an anti-microbial peptide of the innate immune system, was constructed. First, the chemotaxis characteristics of HBD2 expressed on VV-HBD2-lacZ-infected cells toward dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and in vivo were demonstrated. The anti-tumor effects of VV-HBD2-lacZ in vitro and in vivo in a mouse melanoma cancer model were then investigated. It was found that VV-HBD2-lacZ was able to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis significantly. It was further demonstrated that VV-HBD2-lacZ induced potent cytotoxic activity by increasing the tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These results indicate that HBD2-expressing VV recruited plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) to the tumor location, leading to cytotoxic T cell response against the tumor, and thus inhibited tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, oncolytic HBD2-expressing VV provides an effective treatment for tumors by triggering innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yanxi Luo
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Minglong Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
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26
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Abstract
Although cluster of differentiation (CD)8 regulatory T (Treg) cells have been in the last 20 years more studied since evidences of their role in tolerance as been demonstrated in transplantation, autoimmune diseases and cancer, their characteristics are still controversial. In this review, we will focus on recent advances on CD8 Treg cells and description of a role for CD8 Treg cells in tolerance in both solid organ transplantation and graft-versus-host disease and their potential for clinical trials.
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27
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Guram K, Kim SS, Wu V, Sanders PD, Patel S, Schoenberger SP, Cohen EEW, Chen SY, Sharabi AB. A Threshold Model for T-Cell Activation in the Era of Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:491. [PMID: 30936880 PMCID: PMC6431643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued discoveries of negative regulators of inflammatory signaling provide detailed molecular insights into peripheral tolerance and anti-tumor immunity. Accumulating evidence indicates that peripheral tolerance is maintained at multiple levels of immune responses by negative regulators of proinflammatory signaling, soluble anti-inflammatory factors, inhibitory surface receptors & ligands, and regulatory cell subsets. This review provides a global overview of these regulatory machineries that work in concert to maintain peripheral tolerance at cellular and host levels, focusing on the direct and indirect regulation of T cells. The recent success of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBI) has initiated a dramatic shift in the paradigm of cancer treatment. Unprecedented responses to CBI have highlighted the central role of T cells in both anti-tumor immunity and peripheral tolerance and underscored the importance of T cell exhaustion in cancer. We discuss the therapeutic implications of modulating the negative regulators of T cell function for tumor immunotherapy with an emphasis on inhibitory surface receptors & ligands—central players in T cell exhaustion and targets of checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. We then introduce a Threshold Model for Immune Activation—the concept that these regulatory mechanisms contribute to defining a set threshold of immunogenic (proinflammatory) signaling required to elicit an anti-tumor or autoimmune response. We demonstrate the value of the Threshold Model in understanding clinical responses and immune related adverse events in the context of peripheral tolerance, tumor immunity, and the era of Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kripa Guram
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sangwoo S Kim
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Victoria Wu
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - P Dominick Sanders
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sandip Patel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Stephen P Schoenberger
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ezra E W Cohen
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew B Sharabi
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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28
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Rouas R, Merimi M, Najar M, El Zein N, Fayyad‐Kazan M, Berehab M, Agha D, Bron D, Burny A, Rachidi W, Badran B, Lewalle P, Fayyad‐Kazan H. Human CD8
+
CD25
+
CD127
low
regulatory T cells: microRNA signature and impact on TGF‐β and IL‐10 expression. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17459-17472. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Rouas
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Makram Merimi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium
| | - Nabil El Zein
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I Lebanese University Hadath Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Fayyad‐Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I Lebanese University Hadath Lebanon
| | - Mimoune Berehab
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Douaa Agha
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Arsene Burny
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Walid Rachidi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, SYMMES/CIBEST UMR 5819 UGA‐CNRS‐CEA, INAC/CEA‐Grenoble Grenoble France
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I Lebanese University Hadath Lebanon
| | - Philippe Lewalle
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Hussein Fayyad‐Kazan
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I Lebanese University Hadath Lebanon
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29
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Identification and functional characterization of CD8+ T regulatory cells in type 1 diabetes patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210839. [PMID: 30650147 PMCID: PMC6334945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where autoreactive T lymphocytes destroy pancreatic beta cells. We previously reported a defect in CD4+ Tregs cell proliferation and reduced CD4+ Tregs PD-1 expression in patients. Another ‘memory-like’ regulatory subset, CD8+ Tregs, evaluated as CD8+CD25+FOXP3+, has recently raised interest for their effective suppressive activity. Different CD8+ T cell populations, their proliferation capacity and expression of PD-1 molecule were evaluated by flow-cytometer analysis in newly diagnosed, long-term Type 1 diabetes patients compared to healthy normal donors. Under basal conditions, CD8+ Tregs and CD8+ Teffs were seemingly represented among study groups while there was evidence of diminished expression of PD-1 in Teff subsets of long-term patients. After 3 days of PMA/ionomycin stimulation, patients CD8+ Tregs showed decreased percentage in respect to control group. CD8+ Teffs were instead increased in long-term diabetics versus controls. PD-1+CD8+ Tregs were represented at a much lower percentage in long-term diabetic patients, in respect to controls. Importantly, patients CD8+ Tregs and CD8+ Teffs presented a significant proliferation defect in respect to the control group. In conclusion, our study indicates that a defect of CD8+ Tregs is observed in diabetics. This subset could thus represent a novel target of immunotherapy in patients.
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30
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Abstract
In this chapter, we describe the history of transplantation, the multiple cell types, and mechanisms that are involved in rejection and tolerance of a transplanted organ, as well as summarize the common and promising new therapeutics used in transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Stolp
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Masaaki Zaitsu
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathryn J Wood
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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31
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Vescovi R, Monti M, Moratto D, Paolini L, Consoli F, Benerini L, Melocchi L, Calza S, Chiudinelli M, Rossi G, Bugatti M, Maio M, Fonsatti E, Farisoglio C, Simbolo M, Almici C, Verardi R, Scarpa A, Bergese P, Manganoni A, Facchetti F, Vermi W. Collapse of the Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Compartment in Advanced Cutaneous Melanomas by Components of the Tumor Cell Secretome. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:12-28. [PMID: 30401679 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is an immunogenic neoplasm infiltrated by T cells, although these adaptive T cells usually fail to eradicate the tumor. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are potent regulators of the adaptive immune response and can eliminate melanoma cells via TLR-mediated effector functions. The PDC compartment is maintained by progressively restricted bone marrow progenitors. Terminally differentiated PDCs exit the bone marrow into the circulation, then home to lymph nodes and inflamed peripheral tissues. Infiltration by PDCs is documented in various cancers. However, their role within the melanoma immune contexture is not completely known. We found that in locoregional primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM), PDC infiltration was heterogeneous, occurred early, and was recurrently localized at the invasive margin, the site where PDCs interact with CD8+ T cells. A reduced PDC density was coupled with an increased Breslow thickness and somatic mutations at the NRAS p.Q61 codon. Compared with what was seen in PCM, high numbers of PDCs were found in regional lymph nodes, as also identified by in silico analysis. In contrast, in metastatic melanoma patients, PDCs were mostly absent in the tumor tissues and were significantly reduced in the circulation, particularly in the advanced M1c group. Exposure of circulating PDCs to melanoma cell supernatant (SN-mel) depleted of extracellular vesicles resulted in significant PDC death. SN-mel exposure also resulted in a defect of PDC differentiation from CD34+ progenitors. These findings indicate that soluble components released by melanoma cells support the collapse of the PDC compartment, with clinical implications for refining TLR agonist-based trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Vescovi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Matilde Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Moratto
- Laboratory of Genetic Disorders of Childhood, "Angelo Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucia Paolini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Benerini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Melocchi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariella Chiudinelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulio Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Romagna, Hospital Santa Maria delle Croci, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Maio
- Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy
| | - Ester Fonsatti
- Medical Oncology and Immunotherapy, University Hospital of Siena, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Michele Simbolo
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Camillo Almici
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Verardi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Laboratory for Stem Cells Manipulation and Cryopreservation, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Research Centre and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Facchetti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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32
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Valdes-Mora F, Handler K, Law AMK, Salomon R, Oakes SR, Ormandy CJ, Gallego-Ortega D. Single-Cell Transcriptomics in Cancer Immunobiology: The Future of Precision Oncology. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2582. [PMID: 30483257 PMCID: PMC6240655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous and complex disease. Tumors are formed by cancer cells and a myriad of non-cancerous cell types that together with the extracellular matrix form the tumor microenvironment. These cancer-associated cells and components contribute to shape the progression of cancer and are deeply involved in patient outcome. The immune system is an essential part of the tumor microenvironment, and induction of cancer immunotolerance is a necessary step involved in tumor formation and growth. Immune mechanisms are intimately associated with cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis; as well as to tumor dormancy and modulation of sensitivity to drug therapy. Transcriptome analyses have been extensively used to understand the heterogeneity of tumors, classifying tumors into molecular subtypes and establishing signatures that predict response to therapy and patient outcomes. However, the classification of the tumor cell diversity and specially the identification of rare populations has been limited in these transcriptomic analyses of bulk tumor cell populations. Massively-parallel single-cell RNAseq analysis has emerged as a powerful method to unravel heterogeneity and to study rare cell populations in cancer, through unsupervised sampling and modeling of transcriptional states in single cells. In this context, the study of the role of the immune system in cancer would benefit from single cell approaches, as it will enable the characterization and/or discovery of the cell types and pathways involved in cancer immunotolerance otherwise missed in bulk transcriptomic information. Thus, the analysis of gene expression patterns at single cell resolution holds the potential to provide key information to develop precise and personalized cancer treatment including immunotherapy. This review is focused on the latest single-cell RNAseq methodologies able to agnostically study thousands of tumor cells as well as targeted single-cell RNAseq to study rare populations within tumors. In particular, we will discuss methods to study the immune system in cancer. We will also discuss the current challenges to the study of cancer at the single cell level and the potential solutions to the current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Valdes-Mora
- Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristina Handler
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew M K Law
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Salomon
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha R Oakes
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher J Ormandy
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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33
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Kang K, Chung J, Yang J, Kim H. Current Perspectives on Emerging CAR-Treg Cell Therapy: Based on Treg Cell Therapy in Clinical Trials and the Recent Approval of CAR-T Cell Therapy. KOREAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2017. [DOI: 10.4285/jkstn.2017.31.4.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koeun Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyori Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Maldonado S, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P. Antifungal Activity of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and the Impact of Chronic HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1705. [PMID: 29255464 PMCID: PMC5723005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the effectiveness of combined antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV can control viral replication and live longer lifespans than ever. However, HIV-positive individuals still face challenges to their health and well-being, including dysregulation of the immune system resulting from years of chronic immune activation, as well as opportunistic infections from pathogenic fungi. This review focuses on one of the key players in HIV immunology, the plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC), which links the innate and adaptive immune response and is notable for being the body’s most potent producer of type-I interferons (IFNs). During chronic HIV infection, the pDC compartment is greatly dysregulated, experiencing a substantial depletion in number and compromise in function. This immune dysregulation may leave patients further susceptible to opportunistic infections. This is especially important when considering a new role for pDCs currently emerging in the literature: in addition to their role in antiviral immunity, recent studies suggest that pDCs also play an important role in antifungal immunity. Supporting this new role, pDCs express C-type lectin receptors including dectin-1, dectin-2, dectin-3, and mannose receptor, and toll-like receptors-4 and -9 that are involved in recognition, signaling, and response to a wide variety of fungal pathogens, including Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, and Pneumocystis jirovecii. Accordingly, pDCs have been demonstrated to recognize and respond to certain pathogenic fungi, measured via activation, cytokine production, and fungistatic activity in vitro, while in vivo mouse models indicated a strikingly vital role for pDCs in survival against pulmonary Aspergillus challenge. Here, we discuss the role of the pDC compartment and the dysregulation it undergoes during chronic HIV infection, as well as what is known so far about the role and mechanisms of pDC antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Maldonado
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Patricia Fitzgerald-Bocarsly
- Rutgers School of Graduate Studies, Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
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Update on the Protective Role of Regulatory T Cells in Myocardial Infarction: A Promising Therapy to Repair the Heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 68:401-413. [PMID: 27941502 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the leading causes of heart failure development and death worldwide. To date, interventional and pharmacological therapies are effective in reducing the onset of heart failure and promoting survival. However, progressive maladaptive remodeling post-MI persists in a large fraction of patients resulting in poor prognosis. Immune cell responses and an inflammatory environment largely contribute to adverse cardiac remodeling post-MI. CD4FOXP3 regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known for their immunosuppressive capacity and have been successfully implemented in multiple preclinical studies of permanent and ischemia-reperfusion MI. In this review, we highlight the important cardioprotective role of Tregs at the cardiac tissue, cellular, and molecular level, as well as the most prominent pharmacological venues that could be used to exploit Tregs as a novel therapeutic intervention to lessen myocardial injury post-MI.
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Li S, Wu J, Zhu S, Liu YJ, Chen J. Disease-Associated Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1268. [PMID: 29085361 PMCID: PMC5649186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), also called natural interferon (IFN)-producing cells, represent a specialized cell type within the innate immune system. pDCs are specialized in sensing viral RNA and DNA by toll-like receptor-7 and -9 and have the ability to rapidly produce massive amounts of type 1 IFNs upon viral encounter. After producing type 1 IFNs, pDCs differentiate into professional antigen-presenting cells, which are capable of stimulating T cells of the adaptive immune system. Chronic activation of human pDCs by self-DNA or mitochondrial DNA contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosis and IFN-related autoimmune diseases. Under steady-state conditions, pDCs play an important role in immune tolerance. In many types of human cancers, recruitment of pDCs to the tumor microenvironment contributes to the induction of immune tolerance. Here, we provide a systemic review of recent progress in studies on the role of pDCs in human diseases, including cancers and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Jun Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Sanofi Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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37
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Nagpal G, Usmani SS, Dhanda SK, Kaur H, Singh S, Sharma M, Raghava GPS. Computer-aided designing of immunosuppressive peptides based on IL-10 inducing potential. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42851. [PMID: 28211521 PMCID: PMC5314457 DOI: 10.1038/srep42851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, numerous methods have been developed to predict MHC class II binders or T-helper epitopes for designing the epitope-based vaccines against pathogens. In contrast, limited attempts have been made to develop methods for predicting T-helper epitopes/peptides that can induce a specific type of cytokine. This paper describes a method, developed for predicting interleukin-10 (IL-10) inducing peptides, a cytokine responsible for suppressing the immune system. All models were trained and tested on experimentally validated 394 IL-10 inducing and 848 non-inducing peptides. It was observed that certain types of residues and motifs are more frequent in IL-10 inducing peptides than in non-inducing peptides. Based on this analysis, we developed composition-based models using various machine-learning techniques. Random Forest-based model achieved the maximum Matthews's Correlation Coefficient (MCC) value of 0.59 with an accuracy of 81.24% developed using dipeptide composition. In order to facilitate the community, we developed a web server "IL-10pred", standalone packages and a mobile app for designing IL-10 inducing peptides (http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/IL-10pred/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandharva Nagpal
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, - 160036 India
| | | | | | - Harpreet Kaur
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, - 160036 India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, - 160036 India
| | - Meenu Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, - 160036 India
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Schütz C, Inselmann S, Sausslele S, Dietz CT, Müller MC, Eigendorff E, Brendel CA, Metzelder SK, Brümmendorf TH, Waller C, Dengler J, Goebeler ME, Herbst R, Freunek G, Hanzel S, Illmer T, Wang Y, Lange T, Finkernagel F, Hehlmann R, Huber M, Neubauer A, Hochhaus A, Guilhot J, Xavier Mahon F, Pfirrmann M, Burchert A. Expression of the CTLA-4 ligand CD86 on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) predicts risk of disease recurrence after treatment discontinuation in CML. Leukemia 2017; 31:829-836. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise heterogeneous subsets, functionally classified into conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). DCs are considered to be essential antigen (Ag)-presenting cells (APCs) that play crucial roles in activation and fine-tuning of innate and adaptive immunity under inflammatory conditions, as well as induction of immune tolerance to maintain immune homeostasis under steady-state conditions. Furthermore, DC functions can be modified and influenced by stimulation with various extrinsic factors, such as ligands for pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) and cytokines. On the other hand, treatment of DCs with certain immunosuppressive drugs and molecules leads to the generation of tolerogenic DCs that show downregulation of both the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and costimulatory molecules, and not only show defective T-cell activation, but also possess tolerogenic properties including the induction of anergic T-cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. To develop an effective strategy for Ag-specific intervention of T-cell-mediated immune disorders, we have previously established the modified DCs with moderately high levels of MHC molecules that are defective in the expression of costimulatory molecules that had a greater immunoregulatory property than classical tolerogenic DCs, which we therefore designated as regulatory DCs (DCreg). Herein, we integrate the current understanding of the role of DCs in the control of immune responses, and further provide new information of the characteristics of tolerogenic DCs and DCreg, as well as their regulation of immune responses and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Sato
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan. .,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Tomofumi Uto
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fukaya
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takagi
- Division of Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
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40
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Roussey JA, Olszewski MA, Osterholzer JJ. Immunoregulation in Fungal Diseases. Microorganisms 2016; 4:microorganisms4040047. [PMID: 27973396 PMCID: PMC5192530 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review addresses specific regulatory mechanisms involved in the host immune response to fungal organisms. We focus on key cells and regulatory pathways involved in these responses, including a brief overview of their broader function preceding a discussion of their specific relevance to fungal disease. Important cell types discussed include dendritic cells and regulatory T cells, with a focus on specific studies relating to their effects on immune responses to fungi. We highlight the interleukin-10, programmed cell death 1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 signaling pathways and emphasize interrelationships between these pathways and the regulatory functions of dendritic cells and regulatory T cells. Throughout our discussion, we identify selected studies best illustrating the role of these cells and pathways in response to specific fungal pathogens to provide a contextual understanding of the tightly-controlled network of regulatory mechanisms critical to determining the outcome of exposure to fungal pathogens. Lastly, we discuss two unique phenomena relating to immunoregulation, protective tolerance and immune reactivation inflammatory syndrome. These two clinically-relevant conditions provide perspective as to the range of immunoregulatory mechanisms active in response to fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Roussey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Pulmonary Section, Medical Service, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Michal A Olszewski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Pulmonary Section, Medical Service, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - John J Osterholzer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Pulmonary Section, Medical Service, VA Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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41
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Xu Z, Ho S, Chang CC, Zhang QY, Vasilescu ER, Vlad G, Suciu-Foca N. Molecular and Cellular Characterization of Human CD8 T Suppressor Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:549. [PMID: 27965674 PMCID: PMC5127796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional interactions between dendritic cells and Ag-experienced T cells initiate either a tolerogenic or immunogenic pathway. The outcome of these interactions is of crucial importance in malignancy, transplantation, and autoimmune diseases. Blockade of costimulation results in the induction of T helper cell anergy and subsequent differentiation of antigen-specific CD8+ T suppressor/regulatory cells (Ts). Ts, primed in the presence of inhibitory signals, exert their inhibitory function in an antigen-specific manner, a feature with tremendous clinical potential. In transplantation or autoimmunity, antigen-specific Ts can enforce tolerance to auto- or allo-antigens, while otherwise leaving the immune response to pathogens uninhibited. Alternatively, blockade of inhibitory receptors results in the generation of cytolytic CD8+ T cells, which is vital toward defense against tumors and viral diseases. Because CD8+ T cells are MHC Class I restricted, they are able to recognize HLA-bound antigenic peptides presented not only by APC but also on parenchymal cells, thus eliciting or suppressing auto- or allo-immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
| | - Sophey Ho
- Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
| | - Chih-Chao Chang
- Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
| | - Qing-Yin Zhang
- Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
| | - Elena-Rodica Vasilescu
- Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
| | - George Vlad
- Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
| | - Nicole Suciu-Foca
- Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
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42
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Wu M, Lou J, Zhang S, Chen X, Huang L, Sun R, Huang P, Pan S, Wang F. Gene expression profiling of CD8 + T cells induced by ovarian cancer cells suggests a possible mechanism for CD8 + Treg cell production. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:669-677. [PMID: 27641758 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate a possible mechanism of CD8+ regulatory T-cell (Treg) production in an ovarian cancer (OC) microenvironment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Agilent microarray was used to detect changes in gene expression between CD8+ T cells cultured with and without the SKOV3 ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line. QRT-PCR was performed to determine glycolysis gene expression in CD8+ T cells from a transwell culturing system and OC patients. We also detected protein levels of glycolysis-related genes using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Comparing gene expression profiles revealed significant differences in expression levels of 1420 genes, of which 246 were up-regulated and 1174 were down-regulated. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that biological processes altered in CD8+ Treg are particularly associated with energy metabolism. CD8+ Treg cells induced by co-culture with SKOV3 had lower glycolysis gene expression compared to CD8+ T cells cultured alone. Glycolysis gene expression was also decreased in the CD8+ T cells of OC patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of DEGs in CD8+ T cells cultured with and without SKOV3 and suggests that metabolic processes may be a possible mechanism for CD8+ Treg induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfang Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruihong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Peijun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyang Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China. .,National Key Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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43
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Hwang JY, Randall TD, Silva-Sanchez A. Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue: Taming Inflammation in the Lung. Front Immunol 2016; 7:258. [PMID: 27446088 PMCID: PMC4928648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Following pulmonary inflammation, leukocytes that infiltrate the lung often assemble into structures known as inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (iBALT). Like conventional lymphoid organs, areas of iBALT have segregated B and T cell areas, specialized stromal cells, high endothelial venules, and lymphatic vessels. After inflammation is resolved, iBALT is maintained for months, independently of inflammation. Once iBALT is formed, it participates in immune responses to pulmonary antigens, including those that are unrelated to the iBALT-initiating antigen, and often alters the clinical course of disease. However, the mechanisms that govern immune responses in iBALT and determine how iBALT impacts local and systemic immunity are poorly understood. Here, we review our current understanding of iBALT formation and discuss how iBALT participates in pulmonary immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Hwang
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
| | - Aaron Silva-Sanchez
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL , USA
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44
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Saadeh D, Kurban M, Abbas O. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell role in cutaneous malignancies. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 83:3-9. [PMID: 27236509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) correspond to a specialized dendritic cell population that exhibit plasma cell morphology, express CD4, CD123, HLA-DR, blood-derived dendritic cell antigen-2 (BDCA-2), and Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and TLR9 within endosomal compartments. Through their production of type I interferons (IFNs) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, pDCs provide anti-viral resistance and link the innate and adaptive immunity by controlling the function of myeloid DCs, lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. While lacking from normal skin, pDCs are usually recruited to the skin in several cutaneous pathologies where they appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of several infectious, inflammatory/autoimmune, and neoplastic entities. Among the latter group, pDCs have the potential to induce anti-tumour immunity; however, the complex interaction of pDCs with tumor cells and their micro-environment appears to contribute to immunologic tolerance. In this review, we aim at highlighting the role played by pDCs in cutaneous malignancies with special emphasis on the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Saadeh
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon.
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45
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Castellaneta A, Massaro A, Rendina M, D'Errico F, Carparelli S, Rizzi SF, Thomson AW, Di Leo A. Immunomodulating effects of the anti-viral agent Silibinin in liver transplant patients with HCV recurrence. Transplant Res 2016; 5:1. [PMID: 26798454 PMCID: PMC4721199 DOI: 10.1186/s13737-016-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Silibinin has been shown to have anti-HCV activity and immune-modulating properties by regulating dendritic cell (DC) function. DCs are antigen-presenting cells that, together with regulatory T cells (Treg), play a pivotal role in controlling alloimmune, as well as anti-HCV immune responses. Methods Twelve liver transplant patients with HCV recurrence received iv infusion of Silibinin (iv-SIL) for 14 consecutive days. Using flow cytometry, before and at the end of treatment, we determined the frequencies of circulating myeloid (m) and plasmacytoid (p) DC and Treg and the expression of costimulatory/coregulatory molecules by the DC subsets and Treg. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired Student’s t test and Pearson correlation test. Results After iv-SIL treatment, we observed an elevated plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC)/myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) ratio, while pDC displayed lower HLA-DR and higher immunoglobulin-like transcript 4 (ILT4), CD39, and HLA-G expression compared to the pretreatment baseline. In addition, after iv-SIL, mDC showed increased inducible costimulator ligand (ICOSL) expression. No changes were detected in Treg frequency or programed death (PD)-1 expression by these cells. Moreover, several correlations between DC/Treg markers and clinical parameters were detected. Conclusions This descriptive study, in liver transplant patients with HCV recurrence, reveals the impact of iv-SIL on DC and Treg. The changes observed in circulating pDC and mDC that have previously been associated with tolerogenic conditions shed new light on how iv-SIL may regulate anti-viral and alloimmunity. We have also observed multiple clinical correlations that could improve the clinical management of liver transplant patients and that deserve further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Castellaneta
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Antonio Massaro
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Maria Rendina
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Francesca D'Errico
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Sonia Carparelli
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Salvatore Fabio Rizzi
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Unit of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Unit of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
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46
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Wilhelm TR, Taddeo A, Winter O, Schulz AR, Mälzer JN, Domingo C, Biesen R, Alexander T, Thiel A, Radbruch A, Hiepe F, Gerl V. Siglec-1-positive plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in human peripheral blood: A semi-mature and myeloid-like subset imbalanced during protective and autoimmune responses. Clin Immunol 2015; 163:42-51. [PMID: 26674280 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a central role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as IFN-α producers and promoters of T-cell activation or tolerance. Here, we demonstrated by flow-cytometry and confocal microscopy that Siglec-1, a molecule involved in the regulation of adaptive immunoresponses, is expressed in a subset of semi-mature, myeloid-like pDCs in human blood. These pDCs express lower BDCA-2 and CD123 and higher HLA-DR and CD11c than Siglec-1-negative pDCs and do not produce IFN-α via TLR7/TLR9 engagement. In vitro, Siglec-1 expression was induced in Siglec-1-negative pDCs by influenza virus. Proportions of Siglec-1-positive/Siglec-1-negative pDCs were higher in SLE than in healthy controls and correlated with disease activity. Healthy donors immunized with yellow fever vaccine YFV-17D displayed different kinetics of the two pDC subsets during protective immune response. PDCs can be subdivided into two subsets according to Siglec-1 expression. These subsets may play specific roles in (auto)immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano Taddeo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) - a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Winter
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) - a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Ronald Schulz
- Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine CVK, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) - a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia-Nora Mälzer
- Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine CVK, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cristina Domingo
- Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1, Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Biesen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Alexander
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Thiel
- Regenerative Immunology and Aging, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité University Medicine CVK, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) - a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) - a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Velia Gerl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) - a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Leleux J, Atalis A, Roy K. Engineering immunity: Modulating dendritic cell subsets and lymph node response to direct immune-polarization and vaccine efficacy. J Control Release 2015; 219:610-621. [PMID: 26489733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While successful vaccines have been developed against many pathogens, there are still many diseases and pathogenic infections that are highly evasive to current vaccination strategies. Thus, more sophisticated approaches to control the type and quality of vaccine-induced immune response must be developed. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the sentinels of the body and play a critical role in immune response generation and direction by bridging innate and adaptive immunity. It is now well recognized that DCs can be separated into many subgroups, each of which has a unique function. Better understanding of how various DC subsets, in lymphoid organs and in the periphery, can be targeted through controlled delivery; and how these subsets modulate and control the resulting immune response could greatly enhance our ability to develop new, effective vaccines against complex diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of DC subset biology and discuss current immunotherapeutic strategies that utilize DC targeting to modulate and control immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jardin Leleux
- The Wallace H. Coulter Dept. of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University and The Center for Immunoengineering at Georgia Tech, The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Alexandra Atalis
- The Wallace H. Coulter Dept. of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University and The Center for Immunoengineering at Georgia Tech, The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- The Wallace H. Coulter Dept. of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University and The Center for Immunoengineering at Georgia Tech, The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
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48
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Regulatory dendritic cells in autoimmunity: A comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2015; 63:1-12. [PMID: 26255250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) with significant phenotypic heterogeneity and functional plasticity. DCs play crucial roles in initiating effective adaptive immune responses for elimination of invading pathogens and also in inducing immune tolerance toward harmless components to maintain immune homeostasis. The regulatory capacity of DCs depends on their immature state and distinct subsets, yet not restricted to the immature state and one specialized subset. The tolerogenicity of DC is controlled by a complex network of environmental signals and cellular intrinsic mechanisms. Regulatory DCs play an important role in the maintenance of immunological tolerance via the induction of T cell unresponsiveness or apoptosis, and generation of regulatory T cells. DCs play essential roles in driving autoimmunity via promoting the activation of effector T cells such as T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells, and/or suppressing the generation of regulatory T cells. Besides, a breakdown of DCs-mediated tolerance due to abnormal environmental signals or breakdown of intrinsic regulatory mechanisms is closely linked with the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Novel immunotherapy taking advantage of the tolerogenic potential of regulatory DCs is being developed for treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we will describe the current understanding on the generation of regulatory DC and the role of regulatory DCs in promoting tolerogenic immune responses and suppressing autoimmune responses. The emerging roles of DCs dysfunction in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the potential application of regulatory DCs in the treatment of autoimmune diseases will also be discussed.
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Arsenic trioxide inhibits accelerated allograft rejection mediated by alloreactive CD8(+) memory T cells and prolongs allograft survival time. Transpl Immunol 2015; 33:30-6. [PMID: 26044521 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) memory T (Tm) cells are a significant barrier to transplant tolerance induction in alloantigen-primed recipients, and are insensitive to existing clinical immunosuppressants. Here, we studied the inhibition of CD8(+) Tm cells by arsenic trioxide (As2O3) for the first time. Alloantigen-primed CD8(+) Tm cells were transferred to T cell immunodeficient nude mice. The mice were subjected to heart allotransplantation, and treated with As2O3. The transplant survival time was determined, and the inhibitory effects of As2O3 on CD8(+) Tm cell-mediated immune rejection were assessed through serological studies and inspection of the transplanted heart and lymphoid organs. We found that As2O3 treatment prolonged the mean survival time of the graft and reduced the number of CD8(+) Tm cells in the spleen and lymph nodes. The expression of the genes encoding interleukin (IL)-2, and IFN-γ was reduced, while expression of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β was increased in the transplant. Our findings show that As2O3 treatment inhibits allograft rejection mediated by alloreactive CD8(+) Tm cells in the mouse heart transplantation model.
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50
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Ireland SJ, Monson NL, Davis LS. Seeking balance: Potentiation and inhibition of multiple sclerosis autoimmune responses by IL-6 and IL-10. Cytokine 2015; 73:236-44. [PMID: 25794663 PMCID: PMC4437890 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 are produced by cells of the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system and they appear to play key roles in genetically diverse autoimmune diseases such as relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Whereas previous intense investigations focused on the generation of autoantibodies and their contribution to immune-mediated pathogenesis in these diseases; more recent attention has focused on the roles of cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10. In response to pathogens, antigen presenting cells (APC), including B cells, produce IL-6 and IL-10 in order to up-or down-regulate immune cell activation and effector responses. Evidence of elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 has been routinely observed during inflammatory responses and in a number of autoimmune diseases. Our recent studies suggest that MS peripheral blood B cells secrete higher quantities of IL-6 and less IL-10 than B cells from healthy controls. Persistent production of IL-6, in turn, contributes to T cell expansion and the functional hyperactivity of APC such as MS B cells. Altered B cell activity can have a profound impact on resultant T cell effector functions. Enhanced signaling through the IL-6 receptor can effectively inhibit cytolytic activity, induce T cell resistance to IL-10-mediated immunosuppression and increase skewing of autoreactive T cells to a pathogenic Th17 phenotype. Our recent findings and studies by others support a role for the indirect attenuation of B cell responses by Glatiramer acetate (GA) therapy. Our studies suggest that GA therapy temporarily permits homeostatic regulatory mechanisms to be reinstated. Future studies of mechanisms underlying dysregulated B cell cytokine production could lead to the identification of novel targets for improved immunoregulatory therapies for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Ireland
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8884, United States.
| | - Nancy L Monson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8884, United States.
| | - Laurie S Davis
- Rheumatic Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8884, United States.
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