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Okpoluaefe S, Ismail IS, Mohamed R, Hassan N. Adaptive natural killer cell expression in response to cytomegalovirus infection in blood and solid cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32622. [PMID: 38961938 PMCID: PMC11219991 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are conventionally thought to be an indefinite part of innate immunity. However, in a specific subset of NK cells, recent data signify an extension of their "duties" in immune surveillance and response, having characteristics of adaptive immunity, in terms of persistence and cytotoxicity. These cells are known as the adaptive or memory-like NK cells, where human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has been shown to drive the expansion of adaptive NKG2C+ NK cells. HCMV is a ubiquitous pathogen whose prevalence differs worldwide with respect to the socioeconomic status of countries. The adaptive NK cell subpopulation is often characterized by the upregulated expression of NKG2C, CD16, and CD2, and restricted expression of NKG2A, FCεRγ and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), although these phenotypes may differ in different disease groups. The reconfiguration of these receptor distributions has been linked to epigenetic factors. Hence, this review attempts to appraise literature reporting markers associated with adaptive or memory-like NK cells post-HCMV infection, in relation to solid cancers and hematological malignancies. Adaptive NK cells, isolated and subjected to ex vivo modifications, have the potential to enhance anti-tumor response which can be a promising strategy for adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suruthimitra Okpoluaefe
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- Emerging Infectious Disease Group, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 3200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ida Shazrina Ismail
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Program, BCTRP@IPPT, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rafeezul Mohamed
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Program, BCTRP@IPPT, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Norfarazieda Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Program, BCTRP@IPPT, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- Emerging Infectious Disease Group, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 3200 Bertam, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
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Noviello M, Lorentino F, Xue E, Racca S, Furnari G, Valtolina V, Campodonico E, Dvir R, Lupo-Stanghellini MT, Giglio F, Piemontese S, Clerici D, Oltolini C, Tassi E, Beretta V, Farina F, Mannina D, Ardemagni A, Vago L, Bernardi M, Corti C, Peccatori J, Clementi M, Ciceri F, Bonini C, Greco R. Human herpesvirus 6-specific T-cell immunity in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5446-5457. [PMID: 37067947 PMCID: PMC10515312 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) can reactivate after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) and may lead to severe symptoms. HHV-6-specific immune responses after HSCT are largely unexplored. We conducted a prospective observational study on 208 consecutive adult patients who received allo-HSCT to investigate HHV-6 reactivations and specific immune responses. Interferon gamma-producing HHV-6-specific T cells were quantified using enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISpot). HHV-6 reactivation occurred in 63% of patients, at a median of 25 days from allo-HSCT. Only 40% of these presented a clinically relevant infection, defined by the presence of classical HHV-6 end-organ diseases (EODs), based on European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL) guidelines, and other possible HHV6-related EODs. Using multivariate analysis, we identified risk factors for HHV-6 reactivation: previous allo-HSCT, posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy), and time-dependent steroids introduction. The use of PT-Cy and steroids were associated with clinically relevant infections, whereas higher CD3+ cell counts seemed to be protective. Interestingly, circulating HHV-6-specific T cells were significantly higher in patients with reactivated virus. Moreover, HHV-6-specific T-cell responses, quantified at >4 days after the first viremia detection, predicted clinically relevant infections (P < .0001), with higher specificity (93%) and sensitivity (79%) than polyclonal CD3+ cells per μL. Overall survival and transplant-related mortality were not affected by time-dependent HHV-6 reactivation, whereas a significant association was observed between clinically relevant infections and acute graft-versus-host disease. These results shed light on the role of HHV-6 in allo-HSCT and may affect HHV-6 monitoring and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Noviello
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Milano, Italy
- Cell Therapy Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorentino
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Xue
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Racca
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Valtolina
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Milano, Italy
- Cell Therapy Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Edoardo Campodonico
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Roee Dvir
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Giglio
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Piemontese
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Clerici
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Oltolini
- Infectious Disease Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tassi
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Milano, Italy
- Cell Therapy Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Beretta
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Milano, Italy
- Cell Therapy Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Farina
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Mannina
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Ardemagni
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Vago
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Bernardi
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Consuelo Corti
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Jacopo Peccatori
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Milano, Italy
- Cell Therapy Immunomonitoring Laboratory, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Greco
- Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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Li J, Gardiner BJ, Stankovic S, Oates CVL, Cristiano Y, Levvey BJ, Brooks AG, Snell GI, Westall GP, Sullivan LC. Cytomegalovirus Immunity Assays Predict Viremia but not Replication Within the Lung Allograft. Transplant Direct 2023; 9:e1501. [PMID: 37313314 PMCID: PMC10259634 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients. Current guidelines use pretransplant donor and recipient CMV serostatus to predict the risk of subsequent CMV replication and length of antiviral prophylaxis. Immunological monitoring may better inform the risk of CMV infection in patients, thereby allowing for improved tailoring of antiviral prophylaxis. In this study, we compared 2 commercially available assays, the QuantiFERON-CMV (QFN-CMV) and T-Track-CMV (enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay), to predict the risk of CMV disease in lung transplant recipients. Methods We performed CMV immunity assays on 32 lung transplant recipients at risk of CMV disease as defined by serostatus (CMV-seropositive recipients, n = 26; or CMV-seronegative lung transplant recipient receiving a CMV-seropositive donor organ, n = 6). QFN-CMV and T-Track were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and episodes of CMV replication in both serum and bronchoalveolar lavage were found to be correlated to the CMV immune assays. The predictive ability of the assays was determined using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results There was a degree of concordance between tests, with 44% of recipients positive for both tests and 28% negative for both tests; however, test results were discordant in 28% of cases. A negative result in either the QFN-CMV (P < 0.01) or T-Track (P < 0.05) assays was obtained in a significantly higher number of recipients who experienced CMV replication in the blood. Using these assays together gave higher predictability of CMV replication, with only 1 recipient experiencing CMV replication in the blood who obtained a positive test result for both assays. Neither assay was able to predict recipients who experienced CMV replication in the lung allograft. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that CMV immunity assays can predict viremia; however, the lack of association with allograft infection suggests that CMV-specific T-cell immunity in the circulation is not associated with the control of CMV replication within the transplanted lung allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | | | - Sanda Stankovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Clare V. L. Oates
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Yvonne Cristiano
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Bronwyn J. Levvey
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Gregory I. Snell
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Glen P. Westall
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Lucy C. Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Lung Transplant Service, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Hu X, Wang HY, Otero CE, Jenks JA, Permar SR. Lessons from Acquired Natural Immunity and Clinical Trials to Inform Next-Generation Human Cytomegalovirus Vaccine Development. Annu Rev Virol 2022; 9:491-520. [PMID: 35704747 PMCID: PMC10154983 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-100220-010653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, the most common cause of congenital disease globally, affecting an estimated 1 million newborns annually, can result in lifelong sequelae in infants, such as sensorineural hearing loss and brain damage. HCMV infection also leads to a significant disease burden in immunocompromised individuals. Hence, an effective HCMV vaccine is urgently needed to prevent infection and HCMV-associated diseases. Unfortunately, despite more than five decades of vaccine development, no successful HCMV vaccine is available. This review summarizes what we have learned from acquired natural immunity, including innate and adaptive immunity; the successes and failures of HCMV vaccine human clinical trials; the progress in related animal models; and the analysis of protective immune responses during natural infection and vaccination settings. Finally, we propose novel vaccine strategies that will harness the knowledge of protective immunity and employ new technology and vaccine concepts to inform next-generation HCMV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA;
| | - Hsuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA;
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Claire E Otero
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA;
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer A Jenks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA;
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5
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Baron M, Soulié C, Lavolé A, Assoumou L, Abbar B, Fouquet B, Rousseau A, Veyri M, Samri A, Makinson A, Choquet S, Mazières J, Brosseau S, Autran B, Costagliola D, Katlama C, Cadranel J, Marcelin AG, Lambotte O, Spano JP, Guihot A. Impact of Anti PD-1 Immunotherapy on HIV Reservoir and Anti-Viral Immune Responses in People Living with HIV and Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061015. [PMID: 35326466 PMCID: PMC8946896 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of immune checkpoints (ICPs) in both anti-HIV T cell exhaustion and HIV reservoir persistence, has suggested that an HIV cure therapeutic strategy could involve ICP blockade. We studied the impact of anti-PD-1 therapy on HIV reservoirs and anti-viral immune responses in people living with HIV and treated for cancer. At several timepoints, we monitored CD4 cell counts, plasma HIV-RNA, cell associated (CA) HIV-DNA, EBV, CMV, HBV, HCV, and HHV-8 viral loads, activation markers, ICP expression and virus-specific T cells. Thirty-two patients were included, with median follow-up of 5 months. The CA HIV-DNA tended to decrease before cycle 2 (p = 0.049). Six patients exhibited a ≥0.5 log10 HIV-DNA decrease at least once. Among those, HIV-DNA became undetectable for 10 months in one patient. Overall, no significant increase in HIV-specific immunity was observed. In contrast, we detected an early increase in CTLA-4 + CD4+ T cells in all patients (p = 0.004) and a greater increase in CTLA-4+ and TIM-3 + CD8+ T cells in patients without HIV-DNA reduction compared to the others (p ≤ 0.03). Our results suggest that ICP replacement compensatory mechanisms might limit the impact of anti-PD-1 monotherapy on HIV reservoirs, and pave the way for combination ICP blockade in HIV cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Baron
- INSERM U1135, CIMI, Département d’Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (B.A.); (B.F.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (B.A.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cathia Soulié
- INSERM UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Département de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (C.S.); (A.-G.M.)
| | - Armelle Lavolé
- GRC #04 Theranoscan, Département de Pneumologie et Oncologie Thoracique, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, F-75020 Paris, France; (A.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Lambert Assoumou
- INSERM UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (L.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Baptiste Abbar
- INSERM U1135, CIMI, Département d’Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (B.A.); (B.F.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (B.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Baptiste Fouquet
- INSERM U1135, CIMI, Département d’Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (B.A.); (B.F.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (B.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Alice Rousseau
- INSERM U1135, CIMI, Département d’Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (B.A.); (B.F.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (B.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Marianne Veyri
- Département d’Oncologie Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.V.); (J.-P.S.)
| | - Assia Samri
- INSERM U1135, CIMI, Département d’Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (B.A.); (B.F.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (B.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Alain Makinson
- INSERM U1175, Département de Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Sylvain Choquet
- Département d’Hématologie Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Julien Mazières
- Département de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France;
| | - Solenn Brosseau
- Département de Pneumologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France;
| | - Brigitte Autran
- INSERM U1135, CIMI, Département d’Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (B.A.); (B.F.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (B.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Dominique Costagliola
- INSERM UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (L.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Christine Katlama
- Département de Maladies Infectieuses, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Jacques Cadranel
- GRC #04 Theranoscan, Département de Pneumologie et Oncologie Thoracique, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, F-75020 Paris, France; (A.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- INSERM UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Département de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (C.S.); (A.-G.M.)
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Département d’Immunologie Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France;
- INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IDMIT/IMVA-HB), UMR1184, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Spano
- Département d’Oncologie Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.V.); (J.-P.S.)
| | - Amélie Guihot
- INSERM U1135, CIMI, Département d’Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (B.A.); (B.F.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (B.A.); (A.G.)
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Kedzierska K, Koutsakos M. The ABC of Major Histocompatibility Complexes and T Cell Receptors in Health and Disease. Viral Immunol 2021; 33:160-178. [PMID: 32286182 PMCID: PMC7185345 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2019.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A seminal discovery of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction in T cell recognition by Peter Doherty and Rolf Zinkernagel has led to 45 years of exciting research on the mechanisms governing peptide MHC (pMHC) recognition by T cell receptors (TCRs) and their importance in health and disease. T cells provide a significant level of protection against viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, as well as tumors, hence, the generation of protective T cell responses is a primary goal for cell-mediated vaccines and immunotherapies. Understanding the mechanisms underlying generation of optimal high-avidity effector T cell responses, memory development, maintenance, and recall is of major importance for the rational design of preventative and therapeutic vaccines/immunotherapies. In this review, we summarize the lessons learned over the last four decades and outline our current understanding of the basis and consequences of pMHC/TCR interactions on T cell development and function, and TCR diversity and composition, driving better clinical outcomes and prevention of viral escape. We also discuss the current models of T cell memory formation and determinants of immunodominant T cell responses in animal models and humans. As TCR composition and diversity can affect both the protective capacity of T cells and protection against viral escape, defining the spectrum of TCR selection has implications for improving the functional efficacy of effector T cell responsiveness and memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Forrest C, Gomes A, Reeves M, Male V. NK Cell Memory to Cytomegalovirus: Implications for Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030394. [PMID: 32698362 PMCID: PMC7563466 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that recognize and eliminate virally-infected and cancerous cells. Members of the innate immune system are not usually considered to mediate immune memory, but over the past decade evidence has emerged that NK cells can do this in several contexts. Of these, the best understood and most widely accepted is the response to cytomegaloviruses, with strong evidence for memory to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and several lines of evidence suggesting that the same is likely to be true of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The importance of NK cells in the context of HCMV infection is underscored by the armory of NK immune evasion genes encoded by HCMV aimed at subverting the NK cell immune response. As such, ongoing studies that have utilized HCMV to investigate NK cell diversity and function have proven instructive. Here, we discuss our current understanding of NK cell memory to viral infection with a focus on the response to cytomegaloviruses. We will then discuss the implications that this will have for the development of a vaccine against HCMV with particular emphasis on how a strategy that can harness the innate immune system and NK cells could be crucial for the development of a vaccine against this high-priority pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Forrest
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, UCL, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (C.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Ariane Gomes
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, UCL, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (C.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Matthew Reeves
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, UCL, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK; (C.F.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Victoria Male
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, London SW10 9NH, UK
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.)
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8
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Nelson CS, Jenks JA, Pardi N, Goodwin M, Roark H, Edwards W, McLellan JS, Pollara J, Weissman D, Permar SR. Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccine Elicits Antibody Responses with Greater Durability and Breadth than MF59-Adjuvanted gB Protein Immunization. J Virol 2020; 94:e00186-20. [PMID: 32051265 PMCID: PMC7163130 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00186-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A vaccine to prevent maternal acquisition of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) during pregnancy is a primary strategy to reduce the incidence of congenital disease. The MF59-adjuvanted glycoprotein B (gB) protein subunit vaccine (gB/MF59) is the most efficacious vaccine tested to date for this indication. We previously identified that gB/MF59 vaccination elicited poor neutralizing antibody responses and an immunodominant response against gB antigenic domain 3 (AD-3). Thus, we sought to test novel gB vaccines to improve functional antibody responses and reduce AD-3 immunodominance. Groups of juvenile New Zealand White rabbits were administered 3 sequential doses of the full-length gB protein with an MF59-like squalene-based adjuvant, the gB ectodomain protein (lacking AD-3) with squalene adjuvant, or lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding full-length gB. All vaccines were highly immunogenic with similar kinetics and comparable peak gB-binding and functional antibody responses. The AD-3-immunodominant IgG response following human gB/MF59 vaccination was closely mimicked in rabbits. Though gB ectodomain subunit vaccination eliminated targeting of epitopes in AD-3, it did not improve vaccine-elicited neutralizing or nonneutralizing antibody functions. gB nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP-immunized rabbits exhibited an enhanced durability of vaccine-elicited antibody responses. Furthermore, the gB mRNA-LNP vaccine enhanced the breadth of IgG binding responses against discrete gB peptides. Finally, low-magnitude gB-specific T cell activity was observed in the full-length gB protein and mRNA-LNP groups, though not in ectodomain-vaccinated rabbits. Altogether, these data suggest that the use of gB nucleoside-modified mRNA-LNP vaccines is a viable strategy for improving on the partial efficacy of gB/MF59 vaccination and should be further evaluated in preclinical models.IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common infectious cause of infant birth defects, resulting in permanent neurological disability for one newborn child every hour in the United States. After more than a half century of research and development, we remain without a clinically licensed vaccine or immunotherapeutic to reduce the burden of HCMV-associated disease. In this study, we sought to improve upon the glycoprotein B protein vaccine (gB/MF59), the most efficacious HCMV vaccine evaluated in a clinical trial, via targeted modifications to either the protein structure or vaccine formulation. Utilization of a novel vaccine platform, nucleoside-modified mRNA formulated in lipid nanoparticles, increased the durability and breadth of vaccine-elicited antibody responses. We propose that an mRNA-based gB vaccine may ultimately prove more efficacious than the gB/MF59 vaccine and should be further evaluated for its ability to elicit antiviral immune factors that can prevent HCMV-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody S Nelson
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer A Jenks
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew Goodwin
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hunter Roark
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Whitney Edwards
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Justin Pollara
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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9
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Nelson CS, Baraniak I, Lilleri D, Reeves MB, Griffiths PD, Permar SR. Immune Correlates of Protection Against Human Cytomegalovirus Acquisition, Replication, and Disease. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:S45-S59. [PMID: 32134477 PMCID: PMC7057792 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common infectious cause of infant birth defects and an etiology of significant morbidity and mortality in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. There is tremendous interest in developing a vaccine or immunotherapeutic to reduce the burden of HCMV-associated disease, yet after nearly a half-century of research and development in this field we remain without such an intervention. Defining immune correlates of protection is a process that enables targeted vaccine/immunotherapeutic discovery and informed evaluation of clinical performance. Outcomes in the HCMV field have previously been measured against a variety of clinical end points, including virus acquisition, systemic replication, and progression to disease. Herein we review immune correlates of protection against each of these end points in turn, showing that control of HCMV likely depends on a combination of innate immune factors, antibodies, and T-cell responses. Furthermore, protective immune responses are heterogeneous, with no single immune parameter predicting protection against all clinical outcomes and stages of HCMV infection. A detailed understanding of protective immune responses for a given clinical end point will inform immunogen selection and guide preclinical and clinical evaluation of vaccines or immunotherapeutics to prevent HCMV-mediated congenital and transplant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody S Nelson
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina,Correspondence: Cody S. Nelson, Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 2 Genome Ct, Durham, NC 27710 ()
| | - Ilona Baraniak
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Lilleri
- Laboratory of Genetics, Transplantation, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matthew B Reeves
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Griffiths
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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10
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CMV-specific Cell-mediated Immunity at 3-month Prophylaxis Withdrawal Discriminates D+/R+ Kidney Transplants at Risk of Late-onset CMV Infection Regardless the Type of Induction Therapy. Transplantation 2019; 102:e472-e480. [PMID: 30130330 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) at prophylaxis cessation predicts D+/R+ kidney transplants at risk of late-onset CMV infection after receiving distinct induction therapies is still not well characterized. METHODS We prospectively assessed CMV-specific CMI predicting late-onset CMV infection at prophylaxis withdrawal and at earlier time-points, in 96 consecutive D+/R+ patients receiving either anti-interleukin 2-receptor antibody (anti-IL2RA; n = 50) or rabbit antithymoglobulin (n = 46). CMV-specific CMI was evaluated against CMV antigens (IE-1, pp65) using an IFN-γ ELISpot assay. RESULTS Fourteen (14.6%) of 96 patients developed late-onset CMV infection and 2 (2.1%) of 96 displayed disease. At 3 months, CMV-specific CMI frequencies were significantly lower in patients developing late-onset CMV infection (P < 0.001 for IE-1, P = 0.030 for pp65), regardless the type of induction therapy. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed accurate CMV-specific CMI cutoffs (25 and 130 IFN-γ spots for IE-1 and pp65, respectively) classifying patients into high risk, intermediate risk, or low risk (log-rank = 0.006; hazard ratio, 4.084; 95% confidence interval, 1.431-11.651; P = 0.009), being IE-1 CMI the strongest predictor (odds ratio, 5.554; 95% confidence interval, 1.486-20.766; P = 0.011). Although the profound posttransplant CMV-specific CMI inhibition among rabbit antithymocyte globulin-treated patients precludes its use for risk stratification both before and early after kidney transplant, a similar proportion of at-risk patients could be identified before month 3 within anti-interleukin 2-receptor antibody-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring CMV-specific CMI at 3-month prophylaxis cessation discriminates kidney transplant recipient at risk of late-onset CMV infection, regardless the type of induction therapy.
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11
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Pump WC, Schulz R, Huyton T, Kunze-Schumacher H, Martens J, Hò GGT, Blasczyk R, Bade-Doeding C. Releasing the concept of HLA-allele specific peptide anchors in viral infections: A non-canonical naturally presented human cytomegalovirus-derived HLA-A*24:02 restricted peptide drives exquisite immunogenicity. HLA 2019; 94:25-38. [PMID: 30912293 PMCID: PMC6593758 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
T‐cell receptors possess the unique ability to survey and respond to their permanently modified ligands, self HLA‐I molecules bound to non‐self peptides of various origin. This highly specific immune function is impaired following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for a timespan of several months needed for the maturation of T‐cells. Especially, the progression of HCMV disease in immunocompromised patients induces life‐threatening situations. Therefore, the need for a new immune system that delivers vital and potent CD8+ T‐cells carrying TCRs that recognize even one human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) peptide/HLA molecule and clear the viral infection long term becomes obvious. The transcription and translation of HCMV proteins in the lytic cycle is a precisely regulated cascade of processes, therefore, it is a highly sensitive challenge to adjust the exact time point of HCMV‐peptide recruitment over self‐peptides. We utilized soluble HLA technology in HCMV‐infected fibroblasts and sequenced naturally sHLA‐A*24:02 presented HCMV‐derived peptides. One peptide of 14 AAs length derived from the IE2 antigen induced the strongest T‐cell responses; this peptide can be detected with a low ranking score in general peptide prediction databanks. These results highlight the need for elaborate and HLA‐allele specific peptide selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke C Pump
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schulz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Trevor Huyton
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Martens
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gia-Gia T Hò
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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12
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Mangare C, Tischer-Zimmermann S, Riese SB, Dragon AC, Prinz I, Blasczyk R, Maecker-Kolhoff B, Eiz-Vesper B. Robust Identification of Suitable T-Cell Subsets for Personalized CMV-Specific T-Cell Immunotherapy Using CD45RA and CD62L Microbeads. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061415. [PMID: 30897843 PMCID: PMC6471767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections and reactivations remain a serious obstacle to successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). When antiviral drug treatment fails, adoptive virus-specific T-cell transfer provides an effective alternative. Assuming that naive T cells (TN) are mainly responsible for GvHD, methods were developed to generate naive T-cell-depleted products while preserving immune memory against viral infections. We compared two major strategies to deplete potentially alloreactive T cells: CD45RA and CD62L depletion and analyzed phenotype and functionality of the resulting CD45RA-/CD62L- naive T-cell-depleted as well as CD45RA⁺/CD62L⁺ naive T-cell-enriched fractions in the CMV pp65 and IE1 antigen model. CD45RA depletion resulted in loss of terminally differentiated effector memory T cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA), and CD62L depletion in loss of central memory T cells (TCM). Based on these differences in target cell-dependent and target cell-independent assays, antigen-specific T-cell responses in CD62L-depleted fraction were consistently 3⁻5 fold higher than those in CD45RA-depleted fraction. Interestingly, we also observed high donor variability in the CD45RA-depleted fraction, resulting in a substantial loss of immune memory. Accordingly, we identified donors with expected response (DER) and unexpected response (DUR). Taken together, our results showed that a naive T-cell depletion method should be chosen individually, based on the immunophenotypic composition of the T-cell populations present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mangare
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sabine Tischer-Zimmermann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sebastian B Riese
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Anna C Dragon
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Britta Maecker-Kolhoff
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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13
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Banas B, Steubl D, Renders L, Chittka D, Banas MC, Wekerle T, Koch M, Witzke O, Mühlfeld A, Sommerer C, Habicht A, Hugo C, Hünig T, Lindemann M, Schmidt T, Rascle A, Barabas S, Deml L, Wagner R, Krämer BK, Krüger B. Clinical validation of a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay-basedin vitrodiagnostic assay to monitor cytomegalovirus-specific cell-mediated immunity in kidney transplant recipients: a multicenter, longitudinal, prospective, observational study. Transpl Int 2018; 31:436-450. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Banas
- Department of Nephrology; University Medical Center Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - Dominik Steubl
- Department of Nephrology; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Lutz Renders
- Department of Nephrology; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Dominik Chittka
- Department of Nephrology; University Medical Center Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - Miriam C. Banas
- Department of Nephrology; University Medical Center Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Department of Surgery; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Martina Koch
- Transplantation Immunology Research Group; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Oliver Witzke
- Departments of Nephrology and of Infectious Disease; University Hospital Essen; Essen Germany
| | | | - Claudia Sommerer
- Division of Nephrology; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Antje Habicht
- Transplantation Center; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Medical Center Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Department of Nephrology; Carl Gustav Carus University Medical Center Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Hünig
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology; University Medical Center Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Monika Lindemann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine; University Hospital Essen; Essen Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Ralf Wagner
- Lophius Biosciences; Regensburg Germany
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene; University Medical Center Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Vth Department of Medicine; University Medical Center Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
| | - Bernd Krüger
- Vth Department of Medicine; University Medical Center Mannheim; Mannheim Germany
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14
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CMV-Specific T Cell Monitoring Offers Superior Risk Stratification of CMV-Seronegative Kidney Transplant Recipients of a CMV-Seropositive Donor. Transplantation 2017; 101:e315-e325. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Yong MK, Cameron PU, Slavin M, Morrissey CO, Bergin K, Spencer A, Ritchie D, Cheng AC, Samri A, Carcelain G, Autran B, Lewin SR. Identifying Cytomegalovirus Complications Using the Quantiferon-CMV Assay After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1684-1694. [PMID: 28431019 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A simple test to identify recovery of CMV-specific T-cell immunity following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) could assist clinicians in managing CMV-related complications. Methods In an observational, multicenter, prospective study of 94 HSCT recipients we evaluated CMV-specific T-cell immunity at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after transplant using the Quantiferon-CMV, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISpot), and intracellular cytokine staining. Results At 3 months after HSCT, participants who developed CMV disease (n = 8) compared with CMV reactivation (n = 26) or spontaneous viral control (n = 25) had significantly lower CD8+ T-cell production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in response to CMV antigens measured by Quantiferon-CMV (P = .0008). An indeterminate Quantiferon-CMV result had a positive predictive value of 83% and a negative predictive value of 98% for identifying participants at risk of further CMV reactivation. Participants experiencing CMV reactivation compared with patients without CMV reactivation had a reduced proportion of polyfunctional (IFN-γ+/tumor necrosis factor α-positive) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and a higher proportion of interleukin 2-secreting cells (P = .01 and P = .002, respectively). Conclusions Quantifying CMV-specific T-cell immunity after HSCT can identify participants at increased risk of clinically relevant CMV-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Yong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital.,Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital
| | - Paul U Cameron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital.,Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital
| | - Monica Slavin
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
| | - C Orla Morrissey
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital.,Department of Haematology, Monash University and Alfred Hospital
| | - Krystal Bergin
- Department of Haematology, Monash University and Alfred Hospital
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Department of Haematology, Monash University and Alfred Hospital
| | - David Ritchie
- Department of Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital
| | - Assia Samri
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre et Marie Curie.,Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Immunologie, France
| | - Guislaine Carcelain
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre et Marie Curie.,Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Immunologie, France
| | - Brigitte Autran
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre et Marie Curie.,Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Immunologie, France
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and Alfred Hospital.,Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital
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16
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Banas B, Böger CA, Lückhoff G, Krüger B, Barabas S, Batzilla J, Schemmerer M, Köstler J, Bendfeldt H, Rascle A, Wagner R, Deml L, Leicht J, Krämer BK. Validation of T-Track® CMV to assess the functionality of cytomegalovirus-reactive cell-mediated immunity in hemodialysis patients. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:15. [PMID: 28270092 PMCID: PMC5339958 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uncontrolled cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication in immunocompromised solid-organ transplant recipients is a clinically relevant issue and an indication of impaired CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Primary aim of this study was to assess the suitability of the immune monitoring tool T-Track® CMV to determine CMV-reactive CMI in a cohort of hemodialysis patients representative of patients eligible for renal transplantation. Positive and negative agreement of T-Track® CMV with CMV serology was examined in 124 hemodialysis patients, of whom 67 (54%) revealed a positive CMV serostatus. Secondary aim of the study was to evaluate T-Track® CMV performance against two unrelated CMV-specific CMI monitoring assays, QuantiFERON®-CMV and a cocktail of six class I iTAg™ MHC Tetramers. Results Positive T-Track® CMV results were obtained in 90% (60/67) of CMV-seropositive hemodialysis patients. In comparison, 73% (45/62) and 77% (40/52) positive agreement with CMV serology was achieved using QuantiFERON®-CMV and iTAg™ MHC Tetramer. Positive T-Track® CMV responses in CMV-seropositive patients were dominated by pp65-reactive cells (58/67 [87%]), while IE-1-responsive cells contributed to an improved (87% to 90%) positive agreement of T-Track® CMV with CMV serology. Interestingly, T-Track® CMV, QuantiFERON®-CMV and iTAg™ MHC Tetramers showed 79% (45/57), 87% (48/55) and 93% (42/45) negative agreement with serology, respectively, and a strong inter-assay variability. Notably, T-Track® CMV was able to detect IE-1-reactive cells in blood samples of patients with a negative CMV serology, suggesting either a previous exposure to CMV that yielded a cellular but no humoral immune response, or TCR cross-reactivity with foreign antigens, both suggesting a possible protective immunity against CMV in these patients. Conclusion T-Track® CMV is a highly sensitive assay, enabling the functional assessment of CMV-responsive cells in hemodialysis patients prior to renal transplantation. T-Track® CMV thus represents a valuable immune monitoring tool to identify candidate transplant recipients potentially at increased risk for CMV-related clinical complications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-017-0194-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Banas
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Krüger
- 5th Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Mathias Schemmerer
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Regensburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Josef Köstler
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Anne Rascle
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Deml
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard K Krämer
- 5th Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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17
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Barabas S, Spindler T, Kiener R, Tonar C, Lugner T, Batzilla J, Bendfeldt H, Rascle A, Asbach B, Wagner R, Deml L. An optimized IFN-γ ELISpot assay for the sensitive and standardized monitoring of CMV protein-reactive effector cells of cell-mediated immunity. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:14. [PMID: 28270111 PMCID: PMC5339961 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In healthy individuals, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is efficiently controlled by CMV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Functional impairment of CMI in immunocompromized individuals however can lead to uncontrolled CMV replication and severe clinical complications. Close monitoring of CMV-specific CMI is therefore clinically relevant and might allow a reliable prognosis of CMV disease as well as assist personalized therapeutic decisions. Methods Objective of this work was the optimization and technical validation of an IFN-γ ELISpot assay for a standardized, sensitive and reliable quantification of CMV-reactive effector cells. T-activated® immunodominant CMV IE-1 and pp65 proteins were used as stimulants. All basic assay parameters and reagents were tested and optimized to establish a user-friendly protocol and maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the ELISpot assay. Results Optimized and standardized ELISpot revealed low intra-assay, inter-assay and inter-operator variability (coefficient of variation CV below 22%) and CV inter-site was lower than 40%. Good assay linearity was obtained between 6 × 104 and 2 × 105 PBMC per well upon stimulation with T-activated® IE-1 (R2 = 0.97) and pp65 (R2 = 0.99) antigens. Remarkably, stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with T-activated® IE-1 and pp65 proteins resulted in the activation of a broad range of CMV-reactive effector cells, including CD3+CD4+ (Th), CD3+CD8+ (CTL), CD3−CD56+ (NK) and CD3+CD56+ (NKT-like) cells. Accordingly, the optimized IFN-γ ELISpot assay revealed very high sensitivity (97%) in a cohort of 45 healthy donors, of which 32 were CMV IgG-seropositive. Conclusion The combined use of T-activated® IE-1 and pp65 proteins for the stimulation of PBMC with the optimized IFN-γ ELISpot assay represents a highly standardized, valuable tool to monitor the functionality of CMV-specific CMI with great sensitivity and reliability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-017-0195-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Barabas
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Am BioPark 13, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Theresa Spindler
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Am BioPark 13, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Kiener
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Tonar
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Am BioPark 13, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tamara Lugner
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Am BioPark 13, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Batzilla
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Am BioPark 13, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Bendfeldt
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Am BioPark 13, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anne Rascle
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Am BioPark 13, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Asbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Deml
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Am BioPark 13, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. .,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Ghrenassia E, Guihot A, Dong Y, Robinet P, Fontaine T, Lacombe K, Lescot T, Meyohas MC, Elbim C. First Report of CD4 Lymphopenia and Defective Neutrophil Functions in a Patient with Amebiasis Associated with CMV Reactivation and Severe Bacterial and Fungal Infections. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:203. [PMID: 28243230 PMCID: PMC5303735 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a patient with acute necrotizing colitis due to invasive amebiasis associated with CD4 lymphopenia and impaired neutrophil responses. The course of the disease was characterized by CMV reactivation and severe and recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, which might be related to the decreased CD4 T cell count and the impaired functional capacities of neutrophils, respectively. The clinical outcome was positive with normalization of both CD4 cell count and neutrophil functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Ghrenassia
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Paris, France
| | - Amélie Guihot
- Département d'Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-SalpêtrièreParis, France; DHU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-ParisParis, France
| | - Yuan Dong
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, UMR-S 938 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Robinet
- DHU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-ParisParis, France
| | | | - Karine Lacombe
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Paris, France
| | - Thomas Lescot
- Unité de Réanimation Chirurgicale Digestive, Département D'anesthésie et de Réanimation Chirurgicale, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine Paris, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Meyohas
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Paris, France
| | - Carole Elbim
- DHU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-ParisParis, France
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Nikolova M, Wiedemann A, Muhtarova M, Achkova D, Lacabaratz C, Lévy Y. Subset- and Antigen-Specific Effects of Treg on CD8+ T Cell Responses in Chronic HIV Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005995. [PMID: 27829019 PMCID: PMC5102588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We, and others, have reported that in the HIV-negative settings, regulatory CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ T cells (Treg) exert differential effects on CD8 subsets, and maintain the memory / effector CD8+ T cells balance, at least in part through the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Here we investigated Treg-mediated effects on CD8 responses in chronic HIV infection. As compared to Treg from HIV negative controls (Treg/HIV-), we show that Treg from HIV infected patients (Treg/HIV+) did not significantly inhibit polyclonal autologous CD8+ T cell function indicating either a defect in the suppressive capacity of Treg/HIV+ or a lack of sensitivity of effector T cells in HIV infection. Results showed that Treg/HIV+ inhibited significantly the IFN-γ expression of autologous CD8+ T cells stimulated with recall CMV/EBV/Flu (CEF) antigens, but did not inhibit HIV-Gag-specific CD8+ T cells. In cross-over cultures, we show that Treg/HIV- inhibited significantly the differentiation of either CEF- or Gag-specific CD8+ T cells from HIV infected patients. The expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 was higher on Gag-specific CD8+ T cells as compared to CEF-specific CD8+ T cells, and the expression of these markers did not change significantly after Treg depletion or co-culture with Treg/HIV-, unlike on CEF-specific CD8+ T cells. In summary, we show a defect of Treg/HIV+ in modulating both the differentiation and the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 molecules on HIV-specific CD8 T cells. Our results strongly suggest that this particular defect of Treg might contribute to the exhaustion of HIV-specific T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nikolova
- INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
- Immunology Department, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aurélie Wiedemann
- INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Maria Muhtarova
- Immunology Department, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Achkova
- Immunology Department, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Christine Lacabaratz
- INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Yves Lévy
- INSERM, U955, Créteil, France
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
- AP-HP, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Immunologie clinique, Créteil, France
- * E-mail:
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20
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Nikitskaya E, Lebedeva A, Ivanova O, Maryukhnich E, Shpektor A, Grivel JC, Margolis L, Vasilieva E. Cytomegalovirus-Productive Infection Is Associated With Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003759. [PMID: 27543799 PMCID: PMC5015295 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although an association between human herpesvirus (HHV) infection and atherosclerosis has been suggested, the data supporting such an association are controversial and, in most cases, are based on serological evidence or on the presence of cell-associated HHV DNA, which do not report about actual viral replication. We quantified the DNA of all 8 types of HHVs in plasma, in which their presence is evidence of viral replication. METHODS AND RESULTS Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we evaluated the presence of HHV DNA in blood samples obtained at the time of hospitalization from 71 patients with acute coronary syndrome, 26 patients with stable coronary artery disease, and 53 healthy volunteers and in atherosclerotic plaques of 22 patients with peripheral artery disease who underwent endarterectomy. HHV-5 (cytomegalovirus [CMV]) was the only HHV with a level that was higher in acute coronary syndrome patients than in the control group and that correlated with the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. The numbers of effector memory T cells positively correlated with the numbers of CMV genome copies in carotid arteries plaques, whereas the numbers of central memory T cells negatively correlated with CMV copy numbers. CONCLUSIONS Of all HHV levels, only CMV was higher in patients with stable coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome than in the healthy group, and its load correlated with the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. The level of CMV in atherosclerotic plaques correlated with the state of immunoactivation of lymphocytes in plaques, suggesting that the reactivation of CMV may contribute to the immune activation associated with the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Nikitskaya
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana Ivanova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Maryukhnich
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Shpektor
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jean-Charles Grivel
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
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Cossu G, Previtali SC, Napolitano S, Cicalese MP, Tedesco FS, Nicastro F, Noviello M, Roostalu U, Natali Sora MG, Scarlato M, De Pellegrin M, Godi C, Giuliani S, Ciotti F, Tonlorenzi R, Lorenzetti I, Rivellini C, Benedetti S, Gatti R, Marktel S, Mazzi B, Tettamanti A, Ragazzi M, Imro MA, Marano G, Ambrosi A, Fiori R, Sormani MP, Bonini C, Venturini M, Politi LS, Torrente Y, Ciceri F. Intra-arterial transplantation of HLA-matched donor mesoangioblasts in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:1513-28. [PMID: 26543057 PMCID: PMC4693504 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra‐arterial transplantation of mesoangioblasts proved safe and partially efficacious in preclinical models of muscular dystrophy. We now report the first‐in‐human, exploratory, non‐randomized open‐label phase I–IIa clinical trial of intra‐arterial HLA‐matched donor cell transplantation in 5 Duchenne patients. We administered escalating doses of donor‐derived mesoangioblasts in limb arteries under immunosuppressive therapy (tacrolimus). Four consecutive infusions were performed at 2‐month intervals, preceded and followed by clinical, laboratory, and muscular MRI analyses. Two months after the last infusion, a muscle biopsy was performed. Safety was the primary endpoint. The study was relatively safe: One patient developed a thalamic stroke with no clinical consequences and whose correlation with mesoangioblast infusion remained unclear. MRI documented the progression of the disease in 4/5 patients. Functional measures were transiently stabilized in 2/3 ambulant patients, but no functional improvements were observed. Low level of donor DNA was detected in muscle biopsies of 4/5 patients and donor‐derived dystrophin in 1. Intra‐arterial transplantation of donor mesoangioblasts in human proved to be feasible and relatively safe. Future implementation of the protocol, together with a younger age of patients, will be needed to approach efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cossu
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stefano C Previtali
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Department of Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Napolitano
- HSR/TIGET Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Hematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Cicalese
- HSR/TIGET Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Hematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Nicastro
- Laboratory of Analysis and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Division of Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Noviello
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Urmas Roostalu
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Marina Scarlato
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Godi
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy Neuroradiology Department and Neuroradiology Research Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Giuliani
- Hematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciotti
- Hematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Tonlorenzi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Lorenzetti
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Rivellini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Benedetti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Gatti
- Laboratory of Analysis and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Division of Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Marktel
- Hematology and BMT Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazzi
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Tettamanti
- Laboratory of Analysis and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Division of Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Ragazzi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Rossana Fiori
- Unit of Anesthesiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Bonini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturini
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Letterio S Politi
- Neuroradiology Department and Neuroradiology Research Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- HSR/TIGET Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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22
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Gibson L, Barysauskas CM, McManus M, Dooley S, Lilleri D, Fisher D, Srivastava T, Diamond DJ, Luzuriaga K. Reduced frequencies of polyfunctional CMV-specific T cell responses in infants with congenital CMV infection. J Clin Immunol 2015; 35:289-301. [PMID: 25712611 PMCID: PMC4366322 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-015-0139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CMV infection remains a priority for vaccine development. Vaccination of infants could modify congenital infection and provide lifetime immunity. Properties of CMV-specific T cells associated with control of viral replication in early life have not been fully defined. METHODS CMV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were investigated in infants with congenital CMV infection and compared to adults with primary or chronic infection. PBMC were stimulated with UL83 (pp65) or UL122 (IE-2) peptide pools then stained with antibodies to markers of T cell subset (CD4 or CD8), phenotype (CD45RA, CCR7), or function (MIP1β, CD107, IFNγ, IL2) for flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS Detection of CMV pp65-specific CD4 T cells was less common in infants than adults. Responder cells were primarily effector memory (EM, CD45RA-CCR7-) in adults, but mixed memory subsets in infants. Detection of CMV pp65-specific CD8 T cells did not differ between the groups, but infants had lower frequencies of total responding cells and of MIP1β- or CD107-expressing cells. Responder cells were EM or effector memory RA (CD45RA + CCR7-) in all groups. Polyfunctional T cells were less commonly detected in infants than adults. Responses to IE-2 were detected in adults but not infants. All infants had detectable circulating CMV DNA at initial study (versus 60 % of adults with primary infection) despite longer duration of CMV infection. CONCLUSIONS Reduced frequencies and altered functional profile of CMV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were detected in infants compared to adults, and were associated with persistent CMV DNA in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gibson
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA,
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23
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Brunt SJ, Lee S, D'Orsogna L, Bundell C, Burrows S, Price P. The use of humoral responses as a marker of CMV burden in HIV patients on ART requires consideration of T-cell recovery and persistent B-cell activation. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:947432. [PMID: 25506120 PMCID: PMC4259131 DOI: 10.1155/2014/947432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated humoral responses to cytomegalovirus (CMV) associate with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). To better understand the persistence of CMV humoral responses in relation to CVD, we determined trends in CMV antibody levels over the first 10 years on ART. DESIGN We describe longitudinal analyses of plasma from 13 HIV patients commencing ART with <210 CD4 T-cells/µL and 27 controls. Antibodies reactive with CMV (fibroblast lysate, gB and IE-1 antigens), EBV-VCA, and HIVgp41 were quantitated. B-cell activation was assessed via total IgG and sBAFF. Inflammation was assessed via sTNF-RI and sCD14. RESULTS Amongst CMV seropositive HIV patients, levels of antibody reactive with CMV (P = 0.03) and EBV-VCA (P = 0.02) peaked after 1 year on ART. Levels of total IgG, sCD14, and sTNF-RI declined to approximate those in controls after 10 years, but sBAFF (P = 0.0002), EBV-VCA (P = 0.001), and CMV (P = 0.0004) antibodies remained elevated. A strong correlation between sBAFF and CMVgB antibody was seen at 10 years (R = 0.93, P = 0.0009) and verified in a second cohort. CONCLUSIONS CMV antibody titres peak on ART and remain high. A correlation between CMV antibody and sBAFF suggests a role for HIV-induced B-cell pathology that may affect its use as a marker of CMV burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Brunt
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of WA, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Silvia Lee
- Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Lloyd D'Orsogna
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of WA, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Clinical Immunology and Immunogenetics, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Christine Bundell
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of WA, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Immunology & Immunopathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sally Burrows
- Medicine and Pharmacology, University of WA, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Patricia Price
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of WA, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Clinical Immunology and Immunogenetics, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
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24
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Chen P, Sun Q, Huang Y, Atta MG, Turban S, Segev DL, Marr KA, Naqvi FF, Alachkar N, Kraus ES, Womer KL. Blood dendritic cell levels associated with impaired IL-12 production and T-cell deficiency in patients with kidney disease: implications for post-transplant viral infections. Transpl Int 2014; 27:1069-76. [PMID: 24963818 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reduced pretransplant blood myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) levels are associated with post-transplant BK viremia and cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease after kidney transplantation. To elucidate potential mechanisms by which mDC levels might influence these outcomes, we studied the association of mDC levels with mDC IL-12 production and T-cell level/function. Peripheral blood (PB) was studied in three groups: (i) end stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis (HD; n = 81); (ii) chronic kidney disease stage IV-V patients presenting for kidney transplant evaluation or the day of transplantation (Eval/Tx; n = 323); and (iii) healthy controls (HC; n = 22). Along with a statistically significant reduction in mDC levels, reduced CD8(+) T-cell levels were also demonstrated in the kidney disease groups compared with HC. Reduced PB mDC and monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) IL-12 production was observed after in vitro LPS stimulation in the HD versus HC groups. Finally, ELISpot assays demonstrated less robust CD3(+) INF-γ responses by MoDCs pulsed with CMV pp65 peptide from HD patients compared with HC. PB mDC level deficiency in patients with kidney disease is associated with deficient IL-12 production and T-cell level/function, which may explain the known correlation of CD8(+) T-cell lymphopenia with deficient post-transplant antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Liao Y, Geng P, Tian Y, Miao H, Liang H, Zeng R, Ni B, Ruan Z. Marked anti-tumor effects of CD8(+)CD62L(+) T cells from melanoma-bearing mice. Immunol Invest 2014; 44:147-63. [PMID: 25122543 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2014.944980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+)CD62L(+) T cells have been shown to play pivotal roles in anti-viral immunity, chronic myeloid leukemia and renal cell carcinoma. Recently, CD8(+)CD62L(+) T cells from naïve mice (nCD8(+)CD62L(+) T cells) have shown superior anti-tumor properties in melanoma-bearing mice. Considering that antigen-specific memory T cells have shown to possess more potent immunity than non-specific memory T cells, we hypothesized that CD8(+)CD62L(+) T cells from tumor-bearing individuals (mCD8(+)CD62L(+) T cells) might have superior anti-tumor effect than nCD8(+)CD62L(+) T cells. Therefore, we investigated phenotypes, functions and the in vivo distribution of mCD8(+)CD62L(+) T cells in tumor-bearing mice. We found that, while keeping the features of central memory T cells, the frequency of mCD8(+)CD62L(+) T cell in the spleen of tumor-bearing mice was significantly higher than that the one of nCD8(+)CD62L(+) T cell in naive mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that mCD8(+)CD62L(+) T cells had higher proliferation rate and IFN-γ production than nCD8(+)CD62L(+) T cells, in vitro. We performed adoptive transfer of mCD8(+)CD62L(+) T cells into melanoma-bearing mice and tracked them in spleen, lymph nodes and in melanoma tissues. Our results show that mCD8(+)CD62L(+) T cells had stronger in vivo anti-tumoral activity than nCD8(+)CD62L(+) T cells. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of mCD8(+)CD62L(+) T cells in the immunotherapy of melanoma and possibly other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Liao
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China , and
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26
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Mohan T, Bhatnagar S, Gupta DL, Rao DN. Current understanding of HIV-1 and T-cell adaptive immunity: progress to date. Microb Pathog 2014; 73:60-9. [PMID: 24930593 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cellular immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has different components originating from both the adaptive and innate immune systems. HIV cleverly utilizes the host machinery to survive by its intricate nature of interaction with the host immune system. HIV evades the host immune system at innate ad adaptive, allows the pathogen to replicate and transmit from one host to another. Researchers have shown that HIV has multipronged effects especially on the adaptive immunity, with CD4(+) cells being the worst effect T-cell populations. Various analyses have revealed that, the exposure to HIV results in clonal expansion and excessive activation of the immune system. Also, an abnormal process of differentiation has been observed suggestive of an alteration and blocks in the maturation of various T-cell subsets. Additionally, HIV has shown to accelerate immunosenescence and exhaustion of the overtly activated T-cells. Apart from causing phenotypic changes, HIV has adverse effects on the functional aspect of the immune system, with evidences implicating it in the loss of the capacity of T-cells to secrete various antiviral cytokines and chemokines. However, there continues to be many aspects of the immune- pathogenesis of HIV that are still unknown and thus required further research in order to convert the malaise of HIV into a manageable epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Santwana Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Dablu L Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - D N Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (A.I.I.M.S.), Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Peccatori J, Forcina A, Clerici D, Crocchiolo R, Vago L, Stanghellini MTL, Noviello M, Messina C, Crotta A, Assanelli A, Marktel S, Olek S, Mastaglio S, Giglio F, Crucitti L, Lorusso A, Guggiari E, Lunghi F, Carrabba M, Tassara M, Battaglia M, Ferraro A, Carbone MR, Oliveira G, Roncarolo MG, Rossini S, Bernardi M, Corti C, Marcatti M, Patriarca F, Zecca M, Locatelli F, Bordignon C, Fleischhauer K, Bondanza A, Bonini C, Ciceri F. Sirolimus-based graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis promotes the in vivo expansion of regulatory T cells and permits peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from haploidentical donors. Leukemia 2014; 29:396-405. [PMID: 24897508 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haploidentical family donors is a promising therapeutic option for high-risk hematologic malignancies. Here we explored in 121 patients, mostly with advanced stage diseases, a sirolimus-based, calcineurin-inhibitor-free prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) to allow the infusion of unmanipulated peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) grafts from partially HLA-matched family donors (TrRaMM study, Eudract 2007-5477-54). Conditioning regimen was based on treosulfan and fludarabine, and GvHD prophylaxis on antithymocyte globulin Fresenius (ATG-F), rituximab and oral administration of sirolimus and mycophenolate. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment occurred in median at 17 and 19 days after HSCT, respectively, and full donor chimerism was documented in patients' bone marrow since the first post-transplant evaluation. T-cell immune reconstitution was rapid, and high frequencies of circulating functional T-regulatory cells (Treg) were documented during sirolimus prophylaxis. Incidence of acute GvHD grade II-IV was 35%, and occurrence and severity correlated negatively with Treg frequency. Chronic GvHD incidence was 47%. At 3 years after HSCT, transpant-related mortality was 31%, relapse incidence 48% and overall survival 25%. In conclusion, GvHD prophylaxis with sirolimus-mycophenolate-ATG-F-rituximab promotes a rapid immune reconstitution skewed toward Tregs, allowing the infusion of unmanipulated haploidentical PBSC grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peccatori
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Forcina
- 1] Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy [2] Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Transplants, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - D Clerici
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - R Crocchiolo
- 1] Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy [2] Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - L Vago
- 1] Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy [2] Unit of Molecular and Functional Immunogenetics, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M T L Stanghellini
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Noviello
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Transplants, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - C Messina
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Crotta
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Assanelli
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Marktel
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Olek
- Epiontis GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Mastaglio
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - F Giglio
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L Crucitti
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Lorusso
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E Guggiari
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - F Lunghi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Carrabba
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Tassara
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Battaglia
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Transplants, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Ferraro
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Transplants, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M R Carbone
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Transplants, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - G Oliveira
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Transplants, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M G Roncarolo
- 1] Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy [2] San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy [3] 'Vita-Salute' San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - S Rossini
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine Service, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Bernardi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - C Corti
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Marcatti
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - F Patriarca
- Clinica Ematologica, Policlinico Universitario, Udine, Italy
| | - M Zecca
- Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - C Bordignon
- 1] 'Vita-Salute' San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy [2] MolMed SpA, Milan, Italy
| | - K Fleischhauer
- Unit of Molecular and Functional Immunogenetics, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Bondanza
- 1] Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy [2] Leukemia Immunotherapy Group, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - C Bonini
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Transplants, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - F Ciceri
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Gene Therapy and Stem Cells, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Regulatory T cells and the risk of CMV end-organ disease in patients with AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014; 66:25-32. [PMID: 24378728 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T-cell effectors (CMV-Teff) protect against CMV end-organ disease (EOD). In HIV-infected individuals, their numbers and function vary with CD4 cell numbers and HIV load. The role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in CMV-EOD has not been extensively studied. We investigated the contribution of Treg and Teff toward CMV-EOD in HIV-infected individuals independently of CD4 cell numbers and HIV load and controlling for CMV reactivations. DESIGN We matched 43 CMV-EOD cases to 93 controls without CMV-EOD, but with similar CD4 cell numbers and HIV plasma RNA. CMV reactivation was investigated by blood DNA polymerase chain reaction over 32 weeks preceding the CMV-EOD in cases and preceding the matching point in controls. METHODS CMV-Teff and Treg were characterized by the expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 2, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), MIP1β, granzyme B (GrB), CD107a, TNFα, FOXP3, and CD25. RESULTS Sixty-five percent cases and 20% controls had CMV reactivations. In multivariate analyses that controlled for CMV reactivations, none of the CMV-Teff subsets correlated with protection, but high CMV-GrB enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot responses and CMV-specific CD4FOXP3+%, CD4TNFα+%, and CD8CD107a% were significant predictors of CMV-EOD. CONCLUSIONS Because both FOXP3 and GrB have been previously associated with Treg activity, we conclude that CMV-Treg may play an important role in the development of CMV-EOD in advanced HIV disease. We were not able to identify a CMV-Teff subset that could be used as a surrogate of protection against CMV-EOD in this highly immunocompromised population.
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Cloarec N, Faucher O, Bregigeon S, Brunet C, Tamalet C, Cano C, Poizot Martin I. Kaposi's sarcoma in a treated and well-controlled HIV infected patient: Discussion on the role of immunosenescence. HIV & AIDS REVIEW 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hivar.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Bestard O, Lucia M, Crespo E, Van Liempt B, Palacio D, Melilli E, Torras J, Llaudó I, Cerezo G, Taco O, Gil-Vernet S, Grinyó JM, Cruzado JM. Pretransplant immediately early-1-specific T cell responses provide protection for CMV infection after kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:1793-805. [PMID: 23711167 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is still a major complication after kidney transplantation. Although cytotoxic CMV-specific T cells play a crucial role controlling CMV survival and replication, current pretransplant risk assessment for CMV infection is only based on donor/recipient (IgG)-serostatus. Here, we evaluated the usefulness of monitoring pre- and 6-month CMV-specific T cell responses against two dominant CMV antigens (IE-1 and pp65) and a CMV lysate, using an IFN-γ Elispot, for predicting the advent of CMV infection in two cohorts of 137 kidney transplant recipients either receiving routine prophylaxis (n = 39) or preemptive treatment (n = 98). Incidence of CMV antigenemia/disease within the prophylaxis and preemptive group was 28%/20% and 22%/12%, respectively. Patients developing CMV infection showed significantly lower anti-IE-1-specific T cell responses than those that did not in both groups (p < 0.05). In a ROC curve analysis, low pretransplant anti-IE-1-specific T cell responses predicted the risk of both primary and late-onset CMV infection with high sensitivity and specificity (AUC > 0.70). Furthermore, when using most sensitive and specific Elispot cut-off values, a higher than 80% and 90% sensitivity and negative predictive value was obtained, respectively. Monitoring IE-1-specific T cell responses before transplantation may be useful for predicting posttransplant risk of CMV infection, thus potentially guiding decision-making regarding CMV preventive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bestard
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Transplant Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
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Nakanjako D, Ssewanyana I, Nabatanzi R, Kiragga A, Kamya MR, Cao H, Mayanja-Kizza H. Impaired T-cell proliferation among HAART-treated adults with suboptimal CD4 recovery in an African cohort. BMC Immunol 2013; 14:26. [PMID: 23786370 PMCID: PMC3706234 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-14-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most HIV-infected subjects exhibit a progressive rise in CD4 T-cell counts after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, a subset of individuals exhibit very poor CD4 T-cell recovery despite effective control of HIV-RNA viraemia. We evaluated CD4 T-cell proliferation among suboptimal responders and its correlation with CD4 T-cell activation. METHODS The magnitude of CD4 increase (difference between absolute CD4 counts at baseline and absolute CD4 counts at 4 years of ART) was grouped into 4 quartiles for the 211 patients with sustained HIV-RNA viral suppression. Cases of 'Suboptimal immune responders' included patients within the lowest quartile [Median CD4 increase 165 (Range -43-298) cells/μl; n=52] and a comparison group of 'Optimal immune responders' was defined as patients within the highest quartile of CD4 increase [Median CD4 increase 528 (Range 417-878) cells/μl; n=52]. Frozen PBMC were thawed and analysed from a convenient sample of 39 suboptimal responders and 48 optimal responders after 4 years of suppressive antiretroviral therapy. T-cell activation was measured by proportions of T-cells expressing surface marker CD38 and HLADR (CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+ and CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+ cells). T-cell proliferation was determined by the extent of carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dye dilution on culture day 5 of PBMCs in the presence of antigen (SEB, PPD, CMVpp65, GagA and GagD). Samples were analyzed on a FACS Calibur flow cytometer and flow data was analyzed using FlowJo and GraphPad. RESULTS Overall, CD4 T-cell proliferation on stimulation with SEB, PPD, CMVpp65, Gag A and Gag D.antigens, was lower among suboptimal than optimal responders; this was significant for SEB (CD4+ p=0.003; CD8+ p=0.048) and PPD antigens (CD8+ p=0.038). Among suboptimal responders, T-cell proliferation decreased with increasing immune activation (Negative correlation; slope = -0.13±-0.11) but not among optimal responders. CONCLUSION T-cell immune activation and exhaustion were associated with poor proliferation among suboptimal responders to HAART despite sustained viral suppression. We recommend studies to further understand the mechanisms leading to impaired T-cell function among suboptimal responders as well as the potential role of immune modulation in optimizing CD4 count and functional recovery after HAART.
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VIPhyb, an antagonist of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor, enhances cellular antiviral immunity in murine cytomegalovirus infected mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63381. [PMID: 23723978 PMCID: PMC3664580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a neuropeptide hormone that suppresses Th1-mediated cellular immunity. We previously reported that VIP-knockout (VIP-KO) mice have enhanced cellular immune responses and increased survival following murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV) infection in C57BL/6 mice. In this study, we tested whether treatment with a VIP receptor antagonistic peptide protects C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice from mCMV-infection. One week of daily subcutaneous injections of VIPhyb was non-toxic and did not alter frequencies of immune cell subsets in non-infected mice. VIPhyb administration to mCMV-infected C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice markedly enhanced survival, viral clearance, and reduced liver and lung pathology compared with saline-treated controls. The numbers of effector/memory CD8+ T-cells and mature NK cells were increased in VIPhyb-treated mice compared with PBS-treated groups. Pharmacological blockade of VIP-receptor binding or genetic blockade of VIP-signaling prevented the up-regulation of PD-L1 and PD-1 expression on DC and activated CD8+ T-cells, respectively, in mCMV-infected mice, and enhanced CD80, CD86, and MHC-II expression on conventional and plasmacytoid DC. VIPhyb-treatment increased type-I IFN synthesis, numbers of IFN-γ- and TNF-α-expressing NK cells and T-cells, and the numbers of mCMV-M45 epitope-peptide-MHC-I tetramer CD8+ T-cells following mCMV infection. VIP-treatment lowered the percentage of Treg cells in spleens compared with PBS-treated WT mice following mCMV infection, while significantly decreasing levels of serum VEGF induced by mCMV-infection. The mice in all treated groups exhibited similar levels of anti-mCMV antibody titers. Short-term administration of a VIP-receptor antagonist represents a novel approach to enhance innate and adaptive cellular immunity in a murine model of CMV infection.
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Roux A, Mourin G, Fastenackels S, Almeida JR, Iglesias MC, Boyd A, Gostick E, Larsen M, Price DA, Sacre K, Douek DC, Autran B, Picard C, Miranda SD, Sauce D, Stern M, Appay V. CMV driven CD8(+) T-cell activation is associated with acute rejection in lung transplantation. Clin Immunol 2013; 148:16-26. [PMID: 23644452 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is the definitive treatment for terminal respiratory disease, but the associated mortality rate is high. Acute rejection of the transplanted lung is a key determinant of adverse prognosis. Furthermore, an epidemiological relationship has been established between the occurrence of acute lung rejection and cytomegalovirus infection. However, the reasons for this association remain unclear. Here, we performed a longitudinal characterization of CMV-specific T-cell responses and immune activation status in the peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of forty-four lung transplant patients. Acute rejection was associated with high levels of cellular activation in the periphery, reflecting strong CMV-specific CD8(+) T-cell activity post-transplant. Peripheral and lung CMV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses were very similar, and related to the presence of CMV in the transplanted organ. These findings support that activated CMV-specific CD8(+) T-cells in the lung may play a role in promoting acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Roux
- INSERM UMR S 945, Infections and Immunity, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.
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Wittkop L, Bitard J, Lazaro E, Neau D, Bonnet F, Mercie P, Dupon M, Hessamfar M, Ventura M, Malvy D, Dabis F, Pellegrin JL, Moreau JF, Thiébaut R, Pellegrin I, F. D, F. B, S. B, F. D, M. D, G. C, H. F, V. G, D. L, D. M, P. M, I. P, P. M, D. N, JL. P, S. T, R. T, M. B, G. C, F. D, S. LA, R. T, L. W, K. A, F. B, F. B, N. B, L. C, C. C, J. C, I. C, C. C, FA. D, S. DW, M. D, A. D, P. D, H. D, S. F, V. G, MC. G, Y. G, C. G, M. H, D. L, P. L, E. L, M. LB, D. M, J. P. M, P. M, E. M, P. M, D. N, A. O, J. L. P, T. P, M. C. R, J. RS, S. T, M. A. V, M. O. V, J. F. V, J. F. M, I. P, H. F, M. E. L, B. M, P. T, D. B, S. B, M. M, K. T, F. H, G. MS, M. J. B, M. D, J. D, S. D, C. D, C. H, O. L, E. L, B. UN, X. S, V. C, A. F, S. G, J. L, I. L, G. P, D. T. Effect of Cytomegalovirus-Induced Immune Response, Self Antigen–Induced Immune Response, and Microbial Translocation on Chronic Immune Activation in Successfully Treated HIV Type 1–Infected Patients: The ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort. J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Wittkop
- University Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service d'Information Medicale
| | - Juliette Bitard
- CHU de Bordeaux, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunogénétique, University Bordeaux
| | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses
| | - Didier Neau
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses
| | - Fabrice Bonnet
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses
| | - Patrick Mercie
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses
| | - Michel Dupon
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses
| | - Mojgan Hessamfar
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses
| | - Michel Ventura
- CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité UMR 5234, University Bordeaux
- University Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Denis Malvy
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses
| | - François Dabis
- University Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service d'Information Medicale
| | | | - Jean-François Moreau
- CHU de Bordeaux, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunogénétique, University Bordeaux
- University Bordeaux, CIRID, UMR 5164
- CNRS, CIRID, UMR 5164
| | - Rodolphe Thiébaut
- University Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Service d'Information Medicale
| | - Isabelle Pellegrin
- CHU de Bordeaux, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunogénétique, University Bordeaux
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Editing T cell specificity towards leukemia by zinc finger nucleases and lentiviral gene transfer. Nat Med 2012; 18:807-815. [PMID: 22466705 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of high-avidity T cell receptor (TCR) genes isolated from rare tumor-specific lymphocytes into polyclonal T cells is an attractive cancer immunotherapy strategy. However, TCR gene transfer results in competition for surface expression and inappropriate pairing between the exogenous and endogenous TCR chains, resulting in suboptimal activity and potentially harmful unpredicted antigen specificities of the resultant TCRs. We designed zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) that promoted the disruption of endogenous TCR β- and α-chain genes. Lymphocytes treated with ZFNs lacked surface expression of CD3-TCR and expanded with the addition of interleukin-7 (IL-7) and IL-15. After lentiviral transfer of a TCR specific for the Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) antigen, these TCR-edited cells expressed the new TCR at high levels, were easily expanded to near purity and were superior at specific antigen recognition compared to donor-matched, unedited TCR-transferred cells. In contrast to unedited TCR-transferred cells, the TCR-edited lymphocytes did not mediate off-target reactivity while maintaining their anti-tumor activity in vivo, thus showing that complete editing of T cell specificity generates tumor-specific lymphocytes with improved biosafety profiles.
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A role for cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+CX3CR1+ T cells and cytomegalovirus-induced T-cell immunopathology in HIV-associated atherosclerosis. AIDS 2012; 26:805-14. [PMID: 22313962 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328351f780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk for myocardial infarction. Given observations that cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, CMV-specific T cells, and CX3CR1 have each been associated with atherosclerosis, we hypothesized that CMV-induced T-cell immunopathology could contribute to HIV-associated atherosclerosis. METHODS We measured the expression of CX3CR1 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and its association with carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in 29 HIV-infected individuals and 48 uninfected controls. We analyzed the phenotype and specificity of CX3CR1(+)CD4(+) T cells, the production of CX3CL1 (the ligand of CX3CR1) by CMV-infected endothelial cells in vitro, and the migration of CD4(+) T cells induced by CX3CL1. RESULTS The progression of atherosclerosis in HIV-infected individuals, as assessed by longitudinal measurements of carotid IMT, was associated with a high frequency of CD4(+) T cells that express the chemokine receptor CX3CR1. Such CD4(+)CX3CR1(+) T cells were antigen-primed, produced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and composed the majority of the CMV-specific CD4(+) T cells. CMV-stimulated CD4(+) T cells were also found to induce the production of CX3CL1 (the ligand for CX3CR1) by human arterial endothelial cells, driving the transendothelial migration of pro-inflammatory CD4(+) T cells. Finally, we observed that CD4(+)CX3CR1(+) T cells could be localized to the coronary arterial wall in HIV disease. CONCLUSION HIV-associated atherosclerosis may be driven by a positive feedback pathway in which a high frequency of antigen-stimulated, CMV-specific CD4(+)CX3CR1(+) T cells induce endothelial cells to secrete CX3CL1, which itself drives progressive infiltration of the arterial wall by pro-inflammatory cells.
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Janbazian L, Price DA, Canderan G, Filali-Mouhim A, Asher TE, Ambrozak DR, Scheinberg P, Boulassel MR, Routy JP, Koup RA, Douek DC, Sekaly RP, Trautmann L. Clonotype and repertoire changes drive the functional improvement of HIV-specific CD8 T cell populations under conditions of limited antigenic stimulation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 188:1156-67. [PMID: 22210916 PMCID: PMC3262882 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Persistent exposure to cognate Ag leads to the functional impairment and exhaustion of HIV-specific CD8 T cells. Ag withdrawal, attributable either to antiretroviral treatment or the emergence of epitope escape mutations, causes HIV-specific CD8 T cell responses to wane over time. However, this process does not continue to extinction, and residual CD8 T cells likely play an important role in the control of HIV replication. In this study, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of clonality, phenotype, and function to define the characteristics of HIV-specific CD8 T cell populations that persist under conditions of limited antigenic stimulation. Ag decay was associated with dynamic changes in the TCR repertoire, increased expression of CD45RA and CD127, decreased expression of programmed death-1, and the emergence of polyfunctional HIV-specific CD8 T cells. High-definition analysis of individual clonotypes revealed that the Ag loss-induced gain of function within HIV-specific CD8 T cell populations could be attributed to two nonexclusive mechanisms: 1) functional improvement of persisting clonotypes; and 2) recruitment of particular clonotypes endowed with superior functional capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loury Janbazian
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 1P1, Canada
| | - David A. Price
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Institute of InfectionandImmunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Glenda Canderan
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute - Florida (VGTI-FL), Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Abdelali Filali-Mouhim
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 1P1, Canada
| | - Tedi E. Asher
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David R. Ambrozak
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Phillip Scheinberg
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mohamad Rachid Boulassel
- Division of Hematology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Division of Hematology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 1P1, Canada
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute - Florida (VGTI-FL), Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute - Florida (VGTI-FL), Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA
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Galea I, Stasakova J, Dunscombe MS, Ottensmeier CH, Elliott T, Thirdborough SM. CD8+ T-cell cross-competition is governed by peptide-MHC class I stability. Eur J Immunol 2011; 42:256-63. [PMID: 22002320 PMCID: PMC3744744 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A major contributing factor to the final magnitude and breadth of CD8+ T-cell responses to complex antigens is immunodomination, where CD8+ T cells recognizing their cognate ligand inhibit the proliferation of other CD8+ T cells engaged with the same APC. In this study, we examined how the half-life of cell surface peptide–MHC class I complexes influences this phenomenon. We found that primary CD8+ T-cell responses to DNA vaccines in mice are shaped by competition among responding CD8+ T cells for nonspecific stimuli early after activation and prior to cell division. The susceptibility of CD8+ T cells to ‘domination’ was a direct correlate of higher kinetic stability of the competing CD8+ T-cell cognate ligand. When high affinity competitive CD8+ T cells were deleted by self-antigen expression, competition was abrogated. These findings show, for the first time to our knowledge, the existence of regulatory mechanisms that direct the responding CD8+ T-cell repertoire toward epitopes with high-stability interactions with MHC class I molecules. They also provide an insight into factors that facilitate CD8+ T-cell coexistence, with important implications for vaccine design and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Galea
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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Dock JN, Effros RB. Role of CD8 T Cell Replicative Senescence in Human Aging and in HIV-mediated Immunosenescence. Aging Dis 2011; 2:382-397. [PMID: 22308228 PMCID: PMC3269814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
As humans age, their immune systems undergo a process known as immunosenescence. This global aging of the immune system is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and cancer, reduced effectiveness of vaccination, increased autoimmune phenomena, and tissue damage due to dysregulated inflammation. One hallmark feature of immunosenescence is the accumulation of late-differentiated memory CD8 T cells with features of replicative senescence, such as inability to proliferate, absence of CD28 expression, shortened telomeres, loss of telomerase activity, and enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The proportion of senescent CD8 T cells increases progressively with age, and often consists of oligoclonal populations that are specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens. In addition, there is evidence that senescent memory CD8 T cells acquire suppressive functions and may also contribute to carcinogenesis. Chronic HIV disease, even when controlled through antiretroviral therapy (ART), is associated with accelerated immunosenescence, as evidenced by the higher numbers of senescent memory CD8 T cells and increased inflammatory milieu. Interestingly, even in HIV disease, a high proportion of late-differentiated, putatively senescent, memory CD8 T cells are specific for CMV antigens. As in age-related immunosenescence, these HIV-associated changes result in dysregulated immunity, chronic diseases linked to inflammatory damage, and increased morbidity and mortality. This review explores the evidence for CD8 T cell replicative senescence in vitro and in vivo, in the context of both chronological aging and HIV-mediated immunosenescence. We also highlight an important gap in our understanding of human immunosenescence, since all the studies to date have focused on peripheral blood, which contains a minority of the total body lymphocyte population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita B. Effros
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Rita B. Effros, Ph.D., Dept. of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1732, USA.
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Appay V, Fastenackels S, Katlama C, Ait-Mohand H, Schneider L, Guihot A, Keller M, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Simon A, Lambotte O, Hunt PW, Deeks SG, Costagliola D, Autran B, Sauce D. Old age and anti-cytomegalovirus immunity are associated with altered T-cell reconstitution in HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS 2011; 25:1813-22. [PMID: 21412126 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e32834640e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Increasing evidence supports a parallel between HIV-1 infection and immune aging, which is particularly apparent with common changes in naive versus memory T-cell proportions. Here, we aimed at refining the value of common T-cell-associated markers of immunosenescence during HIV disease progression or aging, and at exploring further the impact in this context of old age as well as cytomegalovirus (CMV) co-infection, which is predominant in HIV-1-infected individuals. METHODS Frequencies of naive or CD57(+) memory T cells as well as the magnitude of CMV-pp65 T cells were measured in HIV-1-infected patients grouped according to disease progression status, treatment and age. RESULTS Our results indicate that the decline in naive T-cell levels rather than the accumulation of CD57(+) senescent T cells identifies best the premature development of an immunosenescence phenotype with HIV disease progression. Moreover, advanced age or mounting of strong CMV-specific responses impact independently on CD4(+) T-cell counts and recovery with antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that HIV-1 infection amplifies the effect of age on naive T-cell levels, and highlight the constraint on the capacity of treated patients to reconstitute their CD4(+) T-cell compartment due to age and CMV co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Appay
- INSERM UMR S, Infections and Immunity, Avenir Group, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France.
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Human CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cell memory to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. J Virol 2011; 85:11770-80. [PMID: 21900169 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05477-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cellular immunity to acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection has been well characterized in experimental studies in mice, the T cell response to this virus in humans is incompletely understood. Thus, we analyzed the breadths, magnitudes, and differentiation phenotypes of memory LCMV-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells in three human donors displaying a variety of disease outcomes after accidental needle stick injury or exposure to LCMV. Although only a small cohort of donors was analyzed at a single time point postinfection, several interesting observations were made. First, we were able to detect LCMV-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses directly ex vivo at 4 to 8 years after exposure, demonstrating the longevity of T cell memory in humans. Second, unlike in murine models of LCMV infection, we found that the breadths of memory CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell responses were not significantly different from one another. Third, it seemed that the overall CD8(+) T cell response was augmented with increasing severity of disease, while the LCMV-specific CD4(+) T cell response magnitude was highly variable between the three different donors. Next, we found that LCMV-specific CD8(+) T cells in the three donors analyzed seemed to undergo an effector memory differentiation program distinct from that of CD4(+) T cells. Finally, the levels of expression of memory, costimulatory, and inhibitory receptors on CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell subsets, in some instances, correlated with disease outcome. These data demonstrate for the first time LCMV-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells in infected humans and begin to provide new insights into memory T cell responses following an acute virus infection.
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Xu C, Chen X, Chang C, Wang G, Wang W, Zhang L, Zhu Q, Wang L, Zhang F. Genome-wide expression profiling of hepatic oval cells after partial hepatectomy in rats. Tissue Cell 2011; 43:291-303. [PMID: 21764095 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To examine the changes of biological activities in hepatic oval cells (HOCs) elicited by 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) and understand the relationship between this cell and liver regeneration (LR), this study isolated and obtained the high purity HOCs (≥ 95%) from rat regenerating livers, and then monitored gene expression profiling of rat hepatic oval cells following surgical operation. Results showed that there were LR-related 1059 genes. These genes were grossly classified into three groups using a fold change cut-off threshold of three-fold: up-regulation, down-regulation and up/down regulation. Analyses of gene expression patterns combined with gene functional categorization suggested that genes in the categories "nucleic acid metabolism" and "cell cycle" were dominated by up-regulated expression. Genes in the functional groups "cell metabolism" and "oxidation reduction" were significantly enriched in expression pattern characterized by down-regulation. According to above mentioned results, the synchronized induction of DNA replication and cell proliferation-involved genes suggested that the peak of oval cell proliferation might occur between 30 and 36 h post-PH. The amino acid transformation-involved genes were down-regulated at the early phase of LR, which perhaps trigger the storage of those amino acids essential for protein synthesis. Reduced oxidative-reduction activity at early phase might be related to negative influence of surgical operation on its detoxification capacity. Conclusively, the genome-wide transcriptional analysis of oval cells would contribute to our understanding of the nature of LR at cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunshuan Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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Cicin-Sain L, Sylwester AW, Hagen SI, Siess DC, Currier N, Legasse AW, Fischer MB, Koudelka CW, Axthelm MK, Nikolich-Zugich J, Picker LJ. Cytomegalovirus-specific T cell immunity is maintained in immunosenescent rhesus macaques. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:1722-32. [PMID: 21765018 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although CMV infection is largely benign in immunocompetent people, the specific T cell responses associated with control of this persistent virus are enormous and must be maintained for life. These responses may increase with advanced age and have been linked to an "immune risk profile" that is associated with poor immune responsiveness and increased mortality in aged individuals. Based on this association, it has been suggested that CMV-specific T cell responses might become dysfunctional with age and thereby contribute to the development of immune senescence by homeostatic disruption of other T cell populations, diminished control of CMV replication, and/or excess chronic inflammation. In this study, we use the rhesus macaque (RM) model of aging to ask whether the quantity and quality of CMV-specific T cell responses differ between healthy adult RMs and elderly RMs that manifest hallmarks of immune aging. We demonstrate that the size of the CD4(+) and CD8(+) CMV-specific T cell pools are similar in adult versus old RMs and show essentially identical phenotypic and functional characteristics, including a dominant effector memory phenotype, identical patterns of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 production and cytotoxic degranulation, and comparable functional avidities of optimal epitope-specific CD8(+) T cells. Most importantly, the response to and protection against an in vivo CMV challenge were identical in adult and aged RMs. These data indicate that CMV-specific T cell immunity is well maintained in old RMs and argue against a primary role for progressive dysfunction of these responses in the development of immune senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Cicin-Sain
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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Sheikh A, Khanam F, Sayeed MA, Rahman T, Pacek M, Hu Y, Rollins A, Bhuiyan MS, Rollins S, Kalsy A, Arifuzzaman M, Leung DT, Sarracino DA, Krastins B, Charles RC, LaRocque RC, Cravioto A, Calderwood SB, Brooks WA, Harris JB, LaBaer J, Qadri F, Ryan ET. Interferon-γ and proliferation responses to Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi proteins in patients with S. Typhi Bacteremia in Dhaka, Bangladesh. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1193. [PMID: 21666798 PMCID: PMC3110156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi is a human-restricted intracellular pathogen and the cause of typhoid fever. Cellular immune responses are required to control and clear Salmonella infection. Despite this, there are limited data on cellular immune responses in humans infected with wild type S. Typhi. Methodology/Principal Findings For this work, we used an automated approach to purify a subset of S. Typhi proteins identified in previous antibody-based immuno-affinity screens and antigens known to be expressed in vivo, including StaF-putative fimbrial protein-STY0202, StbB-fimbrial chaperone-STY0372, CsgF-involved in curli production-STY1177, CsgD- putative regulatory protein-STY1179, OppA-periplasmic oligopeptide binding protein precursor-STY1304, PagC-outer membrane invasion protein-STY1878, and conserved hypothetical protein-STY2195; we also generated and analyzed a crude membrane preparation of S. Typhi (MP). In comparison to samples collected from uninfected Bangladeshi and North American participants, we detected significant interferon-γ responses in PBMCs stimulated with MP, StaF, StbB, CsgF, CsgD, OppA, STY2195, and PagC in patients bacteremic with S. Typhi in Bangladesh. The majority of interferon-γ expressing T cells were CD4 cells, although CD8 responses also occurred. We also assessed cellular proliferation responses in bacteremic patients, and confirmed increased responses in infected individuals to MP, StaF, STY2195, and PagC in convalescent compared to acute phase samples and compared to controls. StaF is a fimbrial protein homologous to E. coli YadK, and contains a Pfam motif thought to be involved in cellular adhesion. PagC is expressed in vivo under the control of the virulence-associated PhoP-regulon required for intra-macrophage survival of Salmonella. STY2195 is a conserved hypothetical protein of unknown function. Conclusion/Significance This is the first analysis of cellular immune responses to purified S. Typhi antigens in patients with typhoid fever. These results indicate that patients generate significant CD4 and CD8 interferon-γ responses to specific S. Typhi antigens during typhoid fever, and that these responses are elevated at the time of clinical presentation. These observations suggest that an interferon-γ based detection system could be used to diagnose individuals with typhoid fever during the acute stage of illness. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi infection is a significant global public health problem and the cause of typhoid fever. Salmonella are intracellular pathogens, and cellular immune responses are required to control and clear Salmonella infections. Despite this, there are limited data on cellular immune responses during wild type S. Typhi infection in humans. Here we report the assessment of cellular immune responses in humans with S. Typhi bacteremia through a screening approach that permitted us to evaluate interferon-γ and proliferation responses to a number of S. Typhi antigens. We detected significant interferon-γ CD4 and CD8 responses, as well as proliferative responses, to a number of recombinantly purified S. Typhi proteins as well as membrane preparation in infected patients. Antigen-specific interferon-γ responses were present at the time of clinical presentation in patients and absent in healthy controls. These observations could assist in the development of interferon-γ-based diagnostic assays for typhoid fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaullah Sheikh
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Farhana Khanam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abu Sayeed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Taibur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marcin Pacek
- Harvard Institute of Proteomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Harvard Institute of Proteomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrea Rollins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Md. Saruar Bhuiyan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sean Rollins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anuj Kalsy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Arifuzzaman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel T. Leung
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David A. Sarracino
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bryan Krastins
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richelle C. Charles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Regina C. LaRocque
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Cravioto
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stephen B. Calderwood
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - W. Abdullah Brooks
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jason B. Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Harvard Institute of Proteomics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Edward T. Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Zandvliet ML, van Liempt E, Jedema I, Veltrop-Duits LA, Willemze R, Guchelaar HJ, Falkenburg JHF, Meij P. Co-ordinated isolation of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells recognizing a broad repertoire of cytomegalovirus pp65 and IE1 epitopes for highly specific adoptive immunotherapy. Cytotherapy 2011; 12:933-44. [PMID: 20078388 DOI: 10.3109/14653240903505822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Adoptive transfer of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific memory T cells can be used for treatment of CMV reactivation after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. As co-ordinated CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells specific for a broad repertoire of CMV epitopes may be most effective for adoptive immunotherapy, the aim of this study was to isolate these cells from peripheral blood of CMV seropositive donors, irrespective of their HLA type. METHODS Activation of CMV-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells was compared after stimulation of donor peripheral blood with minimal epitope peptides, pools of overlapping 15-mer peptides or full-length protein. Furthermore, the kinetics of interferon (IFN)-γ production after stimulation was analyzed to determine the optimal time-point for IFN-γ-based isolation of CMV-specific T cells. The specificity, phenotype and functionality of generated T-cell lines were analyzed. RESULTS CMV protein-spanning 15-mer peptide pools induced simultaneous activation of both CD8(+) and CD4(+) CMV-specific T cells, while full-length CMV protein only efficiently activated CD4(+) CMV-specific T cells. Isolation of IFN-γ-secreting cells at the peak of the IFN-γ response after 4-h stimulation with CMV pp65 and IE1 peptide pools resulted in efficient enrichment of CMV-specific T cells. The T-cell lines contained high frequencies of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells recognizing multiple CMV pp65 and IE1 epitopes, and produced IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α upon specific restimulation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a feasible strategy for the rapid generation of clinical-grade CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell lines with high specificity for multiple CMV pp65 and IE1 epitopes, which may be used for effective adoptive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten L Zandvliet
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Memory and effector CD8 T-cell responses after nanoparticle vaccination of melanoma patients. J Immunother 2011; 33:848-58. [PMID: 20842051 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e3181f1d614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Induction of cytotoxic CD8 T-cell responses is enhanced by the exclusive presentation of antigen through dendritic cells, and by innate stimuli, such as toll-like receptor ligands. On the basis of these 2 principles, we designed a vaccine against melanoma. Specifically, we linked the melanoma-specific Melan-A/Mart-1 peptide to virus-like nanoparticles loaded with A-type CpG, a ligand for toll-like receptor 9. Melan-A/Mart-1 peptide was cross-presented, as shown in vitro with human dendritic cells and in HLA-A2 transgenic mice. A phase I/II study in stage II-IV melanoma patients showed that the vaccine was well tolerated, and that 14/22 patients generated ex vivo detectable T-cell responses, with in part multifunctional T cells capable to degranulate and produce IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2. No significant influence of the route of immunization (subcutaneous versus intradermal) nor dosing regimen (weekly versus daily clusters) could be observed. It is interesting to note that, relatively large fractions of responding specific T cells exhibited a central memory phenotype, more than what is achieved by other nonlive vaccines. We conclude that vaccination with CpG loaded virus-like nanoparticles is associated with a human CD8 T-cell response with properties of a potential long-term immune protection from the disease.
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Mwangi WN, Smith LP, Baigent SJ, Beal RK, Nair V, Smith AL. Clonal structure of rapid-onset MDV-driven CD4+ lymphomas and responding CD8+ T cells. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1001337. [PMID: 21573129 PMCID: PMC3088711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid oncogenesis is a life threatening complication associated with a number of persistent viral infections (e.g. EBV and HTLV-1 in humans). With many of these infections it is difficult to study their natural history and the dynamics of tumor formation. Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) is a prevalent α-herpesvirus of poultry, inducing CD4+ TCRαβ+ T cell tumors in susceptible hosts. The high penetrance and temporal predictability of tumor induction raises issues related to the clonal structure of these lymphomas. Similarly, the clonality of responding CD8 T cells that infiltrate the tumor sites is unknown. Using TCRβ repertoire analysis tools, we demonstrated that MDV driven CD4+ T cell tumors were dominated by one to three large clones within an oligoclonal framework of smaller clones of CD4+ T cells. Individual birds had multiple tumor sites, some the result of metastasis (i.e. shared dominant clones) and others derived from distinct clones of transformed cells. The smaller oligoclonal CD4+ cells may represent an anti-tumor response, although on one occasion a low frequency clone was transformed and expanded after culture. Metastatic tumor clones were detected in the blood early during infection and dominated the circulating T cell repertoire, leading to MDV associated immune suppression. We also demonstrated that the tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell response was dominated by large oligoclonal expansions containing both “public” and “private” CDR3 sequences. The frequency of CD8+ T cell CDR3 sequences suggests initial stimulation during the early phases of infection. Collectively, our results indicate that MDV driven tumors are dominated by a highly restricted number of CD4+ clones. Moreover, the responding CD8+ T cell infiltrate is oligoclonal indicating recognition of a limited number of MDV antigens. These studies improve our understanding of the biology of MDV, an important poultry pathogen and a natural infection model of virus-induced tumor formation. Many viral infections target the immune system, making use of the long lived, highly proliferative lymphocytes to propagate and survive within the host. This characteristic has led to an association between some viruses such as Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), Human T cell Lymphotrophic Virus-1 (HTLV-1) and Mareks Disease Virus (MDV) and lymphoid tumors. We employed methods for identifying the T cell receptor repertoire as a molecular bar-code to study the biology of MDV-induced tumors and the anti-tumor response. Each individual contained a small number of large (high frequency) tumor clones alongside some smaller (lower frequency) clones in the CD4+ T cell population. The tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cell response was highly focused with a small number of large clones, with one representing a public CDR3 sequence. This data is consistent with the recognition of a small number of dominant antigens and understanding the relationship between these and protective immunity is important to improve development of new vaccination strategies. Collectively, our results provide insights into the clonal structure of MDV driven tumors and in the responding CD8+ T cell compartment. These studies advance our understanding of MDV biology, an important poultry disease and a natural infection model of virus-induced tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N. Mwangi
- Avian Infectious Disease Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine P. Smith
- Avian Infectious Disease Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J. Baigent
- Avian Infectious Disease Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Richard K. Beal
- Avian Infectious Disease Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Venugopal Nair
- Avian Infectious Disease Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L. Smith
- Avian Infectious Disease Programme, Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Berkshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Hulot SL, Cale EM, Korber BT, Letvin NL. Vaccine-Induced CD8+T Lymphocytes of Rhesus Monkeys Recognize Variant Forms of an HIV Epitope but Do Not Mediate Optimal Functional Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5663-74. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Immune reconstitution after a decade of combined antiretroviral therapies for human immunodeficiency virus. Trends Immunol 2011; 32:131-7. [PMID: 21317040 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of combined antiretroviral therapies (HAART) has reversed the fatal course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HAART controls virus production and, in most cases, allows the quantitative and functional immune defects caused by HIV to be reversed. Here, we review T cell homeostatic mechanisms that drive immune recovery. These homeostatic mechanisms, as well as differences in T cell antigen exposure, explain the distinct patterns of recovery for HIV-specific T cells versus T cells specific for other pathogens. Immune restoration during HAART can, however, have adverse effects. Immune restoration syndrome occurs in some patients as a result of successful but unbalanced immunity.
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Bani-Ahmad M, El-Amouri IS, Ko CM, Lin F, Tang-Feldman Y, Oakley OR. The role of decay accelerating factor in the immunopathogenesis of cytomegalovirus infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 163:199-206. [PMID: 21166665 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of the host immune elements play an influential role in the defence against cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. However, the role of complement in the clearance of CMV infection is less well studied. Decay accelerating factor (DAF/CD55) is a membrane-bound complement regulatory protein that inhibits the formation and accelerates the decay of C3-convertase. Here we hypothesize that murine CMV (MCMV) utilizes DAF as an immunoevasive strategy through down-regulation of host adaptive responses against the virus. To test our hypothesis, DAF knock-out (DAF KO) C57BL/6 mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were infected with a sublethal dose of MCMV, and their immune responses were compared. WT mice lost 7·8% of their initial weight within the first 4 days after infection and quickly began to recover. This is in contrast to the DAF KO mice, that lost a total of 19·4% of their initial weight and did not start recovery until 6 days post-infection. Flow cytometric analysis of lung digests revealed that infected DAF KO mice had a significantly increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, the majority being CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were also increased markedly in the DAF KO mice compared to the infected WT mice. More interestingly, increased viral genome copies (DNA) in the splenocytes of DAF KO mice was accompanied with mRNA transcripts in the DAF KO mice, an indication of active viral replication. These data suggest an intriguing effect of reduced DAF expression on host responses following in vivo MCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bani-Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
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