1
|
Ocampo FF, Sacdalan C, Pinyakorn S, Paudel M, Wansom T, Poltubtim N, Sriplienchan S, Phanuphak N, Paul R, Hsu D, Colby D, Trautmann L, Spudich S, Chan P. Neuropsychiatric and Laboratory Outcomes of Hepatitis C Treatment in an Early-Treated HIV Cohort in Thailand. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-4186965. [PMID: 38645141 PMCID: PMC11030515 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4186965/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection may further compromise immunological and cognitive function in people with HIV (PWH). This study compared laboratory and neuropsychiatric measures across the periods of HCV seroconversion and direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy with sustained virologic response (SVR) among PWH who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute HIV infection (AHI) and acquired HCV after 24 weeks of ART. Methods Participants from the RV254 AHI cohort underwent paired laboratory and neuropsychiatric assessments during regular follow-up. The former included measurements of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell counts, HIV RNA, liver enzymes, and lipid profiles. The latter included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Distress Thermometer (DT), and a 4-test cognitive battery that evaluated psychomotor speed, executive function, fine motor speed and dexterity. The raw scores in the battery were standardized and averaged to create an overall performance (NPZ-4) score. Parameters of HCV-coinfected participants were compared across HCV seroconversion and DAA treatment groups. Results Between 2009 and 2022, 79 of 703 RV254 participants acquired HCV after ≥ 24 weeks of ART; 53 received DAA, and 50 (94%) achieved SVR. All participants were Thai males (median age: 30 years); 34 (68%) denied past intravenous drug use, and 41 (82%) had a history of other sexually transmitted infections during follow-up. Following SVR, aspartate transferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) decreased (p < 0.001), while total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides increased (p < 0.01). The median CD4+/CD8 + ratio increased from 0.91 to 0.97 (p = 0.012). NPZ-4 improved from 0.75 to 0.91 (p = 0.004). The median DT score increased from 1.7 to 2.7 (p = 0.045), but the PHQ-9 score remained unchanged. Conclusion HCV coinfection is common in this group of high-risk PWH, highlighting the need for regular screening, early diagnosis, and treatment. There was a modest improvement in the CD4+/CD8 + T-cell ratio and cognitive performance after DAA therapy in patients who achieved SVR. Future studies should examine potential neuropsychiatric impacts during early HCV infection as well as the longer-term neuropsychiatric outcomes after DAA treatment with SVR.
Collapse
|
2
|
Chan P, Moreland S, Sacdalan C, Kroon E, Colby D, Sriplienchan S, Pinyakorn S, Phanuphak N, Jagodzinski L, Valcour V, Vasan S, Paul R, Trautmann L, Spudich S. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis is associated with HIV-1 neuroinvasion during acute infection. AIDS 2024; 38:373-378. [PMID: 37916464 PMCID: PMC10842649 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV-1 invades the brain within days post-transmission. This study quantitated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell count (WBC) and investigated whether it associated with plasma and CSF HIV-1 RNA during untreated acute HIV infection (AHI). DESIGN Seventy participants underwent lumbar puncture during Fiebig stages I-V AHI. METHOD WBC and HIV-1 RNA with a lower limit of quantification (LLQ) of 80 copies/ml were measured in CSF. RESULTS Sixty-nine (99%) participants were men, with a median age of 26. Their blood CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell counts were 335 [interquartile range (IQR) 247-553) and 540 (IQR 357-802) cells/μl, respectively. Forty-five (64%) were in Fiebig stages III-V whereas 25 (36%) were in Feibig stages I-II. Fifty-two (74%) experienced acute retroviral syndrome. Median plasma and CSF HIV-1 RNA were 6.10 (IQR 5.15-6.78) and 3.15 (IQR 1.90-4.11) log 10 copies/ml, respectively. Sixteen (23%) CSF samples had HIV-1 RNA below LLQ. Median CSF WBC was 2.5 (IQR 1-8) cells/μl. CSF pleocytosis (WBC >5) was observed in 33% and was only present in CSF samples with detectable HIV-1 RNA. The frequencies of CSF pleocytosis during Fiebig stages III-V and among CSF samples of higher viral load (>1000 copies/ml) were 42 and 45%, respectively. Pleocytosis independently associated with CSF HIV-1 RNA in multivariate analysis [adjusted coefficient: 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41-1.14), P < 0.001] and a lower plasma to CSF HIV-1 RNA ratio ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSION CSF pleocytosis was present in one-third of participants with AHI. It associated with higher CSF HIV-1 RNA and a lower plasma to CSF HIV-1 RNA ratio, suggesting a potential association with HIV-1 neuroinvasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Chan
- Department of Neurology
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sarah Moreland
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH Research Foundation
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Eugene Kroon
- SEARCH Research Foundation
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Donn Colby
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Linda Jagodzinski
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
| | - Victor Valcour
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert Paul
- Faculty of Psychological Sciences, Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Serena Spudich
- Department of Neurology
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Holroyd KB, Han WM, Apornpong T, Trautmann L, Gatechompol S, Hiransuthikul A, Ubolyam S, Sacdalan C, Sriplienchan S, Kanaprach R, Kerr S, Avihingsanon A, Spudich S, Chan P. Framingham risk score based vascular outcomes in acute versus chronic HIV cohorts after 6 years of ART. HIV Med 2024. [PMID: 38383057 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune dysregulation persists in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may lead to accelerated vascular ageing and cardiovascular disease (CVD). While delayed time to initiation of ART has been linked to worse cardiovascular outcomes, the effect of ART initiation during acute infection on these outcomes is not well understood. METHODS Participants were enrolled from the SEARCH010/RV254 acute HIV (AHI) and HIV-NAT chronic HIV (CHI) cohorts in Thailand. Participants with 6-year follow-up and viral suppression (viral load < 50 copies/μL) at follow-up were included. Both unmatched cohorts and age and gender-matched cohorts were analysed. Demographics, HIV laboratories, and cardiovascular risk factors from enrolment and 6-year follow-up were obtained from electronic records. Framingham Risk Score (FRS), vascular age (VA), vascular age deviation (VAD), and 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk were calculated from previously published equations. Vascular outcomes in AHI and CHI cohorts were compared, and univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to investigate risk factors associated with worse vascular scores. RESULTS In all, 373 AHI participants and 608 CHI participants were identified. AHI participants were of younger age, had a higher prevalence of syphilis and a lower prevalence of prior hepatitis B, tuberculosis, diabetes, and hypertension. Higher CD4 T-cell and lower CD8 T-cell counts were seen in the AHI cohort at enrolment and 6-year follow-up. In all participants, the AHI cohort had a lower median FRS (p < 0.001) and VA (p < 0.001), but higher VAD (p < 0.001). However, in matched cohorts, no differences were found in FRS-based outcomes. In all participants, higher VAD after 6 years of ART was associated with higher body mass index (p < 0.001) and higher CD4 count (p < 0.001), which persisted in multivariable analysis. When FRS components were analysed individually, CD4 count was associated only with male sex and cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS We did not identify differences in FRS-based vascular outcomes at 6 years in matched cohorts of participants who started ART during AHI versus CHI. We identified a correlation between higher CD4 count and worse FRS-based vascular outcomes, which may be driven by underlying metabolic risk factors. Further study is needed to confirm these findings and evaluate underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Win Min Han
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Lydie Trautmann
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sivaporn Gatechompol
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Akarin Hiransuthikul
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasiwimol Ubolyam
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Affairs, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Stephen Kerr
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Avihingsanon
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Serena Spudich
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Phillip Chan
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Albalawi YA, Shull T, Virdi AK, Subra C, Mitchell J, Slike BM, Jian N, Krebs SJ, Sacdalan C, Ratnaratorn N, Hsu DC, Phanuphak N, Spudich S, Trautmann L, Al-Harthi L. CD4 dim CD8 bright T cells are inversely associated with neuro-inflammatory markers among people with HIV. AIDS 2024; 38:1-7. [PMID: 37792358 PMCID: PMC10715695 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV-associated neuroinflammation persists in the brain despite suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We evaluated associations between a subset of CD8 + T cells, termed CD4 dim CD8 bright T cells, and soluble markers of immune activation and/or neuroinflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of people with HIV (PWH). DESIGN Fifteen cART-naive PWH were enrolled and underwent blood draw, lumbar puncture for CSF collection, and neuropsychological tests at week 0 (pre-cART) and 24 weeks after cART initiation. METHODS CSF and peripheral blood T cells were evaluated with flow cytometry and soluble markers of immune activation were measured by multiplex and singleplex assays. Spearman bootstrap correlation coefficients with 10 000 resamples were computed and reported with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each marker of interest and T-cell type. RESULTS The frequency of CSF CD4 dim CD8 bright T cells at week 0 was inversely related with CSF neopterin. In contrast, at week 24, CSF CD4 - CD8 + T cells were positively correlated with CSF s100β, a marker of brain injury. In the blood, at week 0, CD4 dim CD8 bright T cells were inversely correlated with MCP-1, IP-10, IL-8, IL-6, G-CSF, and APRIL and positively correlated with plasma RANTES and MMP1. At week 0, the frequency of blood CD4 - CD8 + were positively correlated with CRP and BAFF. CONCLUSION CD4 dim CD8 bright T cells are associated with some anti-inflammatory properties, whereas CD4 - CD8 + T cells may contribute to inflammation and injury. Assessing the contrast between these two cell populations in neuroHIV may inform targeted therapeutic intervention to reduce neuroinflammation and associated neurocognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen A. Albalawi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanner Shull
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois Chicago, School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amber K. Virdi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Caroline Subra
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie Mitchell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Bonnie M. Slike
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ningbo Jian
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shelly J. Krebs
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH Research Foundation
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Denise C. Hsu
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Serena Spudich
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wietgrefe SW, Anderson J, Duan L, Southern PJ, Zuck P, Wu G, Howell BJ, Reilly C, Kroon E, Chottanapund S, Buranapraditkun S, Sacdalan C, Tulmethakaan N, Colby DJ, Chomchey N, Prueksakaew P, Pinyakorn S, Trichavaroj R, Mitchell JL, Trautmann L, Hsu D, Vasan S, Manasnayakorn S, de Souza M, Tovanabutra S, Schuetz A, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Schacker TW, Haase AT. Initial productive and latent HIV infections originate in vivo by infection of resting T cells. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e171501. [PMID: 37733443 PMCID: PMC10645380 DOI: 10.1172/jci171501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Productively infected cells are generally thought to arise from HIV infection of activated CD4+ T cells, and these infected activated cells are thought to be a recurring source of latently infected cells when a portion of the population transitions to a resting state. We discovered and report here that productively and latently infected cells can instead originate from direct infection of resting CD4+ T cell populations in lymphoid tissues in Fiebig I, the earliest stage of detectable HIV infection. We found that direct infection of resting CD4+ T cells was correlated with the availability of susceptible target cells in lymphoid tissues largely restricted to resting CD4+ T cells in which expression of pTEFb enabled productive infection, and we documented persistence of HIV-producing resting T cells during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Thus, we provide evidence of a mechanism by which direct infection of resting T cells in lymphoid tissues to generate productively and latently infected cells creates a mechanism by which the productively infected cells can replenish both populations and maintain two sources of virus from which HIV infection can rebound, even if ART is instituted at the earliest stage of detectable infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jodi Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lijie Duan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | | | - Paul Zuck
- Department of Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Guoxin Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bonnie J. Howell
- Department of Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cavan Reilly
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eugène Kroon
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
- SEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- Department of Medicine and
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center)
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Donn J. Colby
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Julie L. Mitchell
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Denise Hsu
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sopark Manasnayakorn
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mark de Souza
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
- SEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandra Schuetz
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health & Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timothy W. Schacker
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Takata H, Mitchell JL, Pacheco J, Pagliuzza A, Pinyakorn S, Buranapraditkun S, Sacdalan C, Leyre L, Nathanson S, Kakazu JC, Intasan J, Prueksakaew P, Chomchey N, Phanuphak N, de Souza M, Haddad EK, Rolland M, Tovanabutra S, Vasan S, Hsu DC, Chomont N, Trautmann L. An active HIV reservoir during ART is associated with maintenance of HIV-specific CD8 + T cell magnitude and short-lived differentiation status. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1494-1506.e4. [PMID: 37708852 PMCID: PMC10564289 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Before initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-specific CD8+ T cells are dysfunctional and short lived. To better understand the relationship between the HIV reservoir in CD4+ T cells and the magnitude and differentiation status of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, we investigated these cells from acute and chronic HIV-infected individuals after 2 years of ART. Although both the HIV reservoir and the CD8+ T cell responses declined significantly after 2 years of ART, sustained HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses correlated with a greater reduction of integrated HIV provirus. However, the magnitude of CD8+ T cells specific for HIV Gag, Pol, Nef, and Vif proteins positively associated with the active reservoir size during ART, measured as cell-associated RNA. Importantly, high HIV DNA levels strongly associate with maintenance of short-lived HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, regardless of ART initiation time. Our data suggest that the active reservoir maintains HIV-specific CD8+ T cell magnitude but prevents their differentiation into functional cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takata
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Julie L Mitchell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Julian Pacheco
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Amélie Pagliuzza
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | | | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Louise Leyre
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sam Nathanson
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Juyeon C Kakazu
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elias K Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Morgane Rolland
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Denise C Hsu
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bolzenius J, Sacdalan C, Ndhlovu LC, Sailasuta N, Trautmann L, Tipsuk S, Crowell TA, Suttichom D, Colby DJ, Phanuphak N, Chan P, Premeaux T, Kroon E, Vasan S, Hsu DC, Valcour V, Ananworanich J, Robb ML, Ake JA, Pohl KM, Sriplienchan S, Spudich S, Paul R. Brain volumetrics differ by Fiebig stage in acute HIV infection. AIDS 2023; 37:861-869. [PMID: 36723491 PMCID: PMC10079583 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People with chronic HIV exhibit lower regional brain volumes compared to people without HIV (PWOH). Whether imaging alterations observed in chronic infection occur in acute HIV infection (AHI) remains unknown. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of Thai participants with AHI. METHODS One hundred and twelve Thai males with AHI (age 20-46) and 18 male Thai PWOH (age 18-40) were included. Individuals with AHI were stratified into early (Fiebig I-II; n = 32) and late (Fiebig III-V; n = 80) stages of acute infection using validated assays. T1-weighted scans were acquired using a 3 T MRI performed within five days of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. Volumes for the amygdala, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, pallidum, putamen, and thalamus were compared across groups. RESULTS Participants in late Fiebig stages exhibited larger volumes in the nucleus accumbens (8% larger; P = 0.049) and putamen (19%; P < 0.001) when compared to participants in the early Fiebig. Compared to PWOH, participants in late Fiebig exhibited larger volumes of the amygdala (9% larger; P = 0.002), caudate nucleus (11%; P = 0.005), nucleus accumbens (15%; P = 0.004), pallidum (19%; P = 0.001), and putamen (31%; P < 0.001). Brain volumes in the nucleus accumbens, pallidum, and putamen correlated modestly with stimulant use over the past four months among late Fiebig individuals ( P s < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that brain volume alterations occur in acute infection, with the most prominent differences evident in the later stages of AHI. Additional studies are needed to evaluate mechanisms for possible brain disruption following ART, including viral factors and markers of neuroinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH, Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Napapon Sailasuta
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology, University of Hawaii, Hawaii
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Somporn Tipsuk
- SEARCH, Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Trevor A Crowell
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Donn J Colby
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Phillip Chan
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Thomas Premeaux
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Eugène Kroon
- SEARCH, Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Denise C Hsu
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Victor Valcour
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie A Ake
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Serena Spudich
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert Paul
- University of Missouri, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hemann EA, Knoll ML, Wilkins CR, Subra C, Green R, García-Sastre A, Thomas PG, Trautmann L, Ireton RC, Loo YM, Gale M. A Small Molecule RIG-I Agonist Serves as an Adjuvant to Induce Broad Multifaceted Influenza Virus Vaccine Immunity. J Immunol 2023; 210:1247-1256. [PMID: 36939421 PMCID: PMC10149148 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is essential for activating host cell innate immunity to regulate the immune response against many RNA viruses. We previously identified that a small molecule compound, KIN1148, led to the activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and served to enhance protection against influenza A virus (IAV) A/California/04/2009 infection. We have now determined direct binding of KIN1148 to RIG-I to drive expression of IFN regulatory factor 3 and NF-κB target genes, including specific immunomodulatory cytokines and chemokines. Intriguingly, KIN1148 does not lead to ATPase activity or compete with ATP for binding but activates RIG-I to induce antiviral gene expression programs distinct from type I IFN treatment. When administered in combination with a vaccine against IAV, KIN1148 induces both neutralizing Ab and IAV-specific T cell responses compared with vaccination alone, which induces comparatively poor responses. This robust KIN1148-adjuvanted immune response protects mice from lethal A/California/04/2009 and H5N1 IAV challenge. Importantly, KIN1148 also augments human CD8+ T cell activation. Thus, we have identified a small molecule RIG-I agonist that serves as an effective adjuvant in inducing noncanonical RIG-I activation for induction of innate immune programs that enhance adaptive immune protection of antiviral vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Hemann
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Megan L. Knoll
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Courtney R. Wilkins
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Caroline Subra
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, and the U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Green
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, and the U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Renee C. Ireton
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yueh-Ming Loo
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gantner P, Buranapraditkun S, Pagliuzza A, Dufour C, Pardons M, Mitchell JL, Kroon E, Sacdalan C, Tulmethakaan N, Pinyakorn S, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Hsu D, Vasan S, Trautmann L, Fromentin R, Chomont N. HIV rapidly targets a diverse pool of CD4 + T cells to establish productive and latent infections. Immunity 2023; 56:653-668.e5. [PMID: 36804957 PMCID: PMC10023508 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Upon infection, HIV disseminates throughout the human body within 1-2 weeks. However, its early cellular targets remain poorly characterized. We used a single-cell approach to retrieve the phenotype and TCR sequence of infected cells in blood and lymphoid tissue from individuals at the earliest stages of HIV infection. HIV initially targeted a few proliferating memory CD4+ T cells displaying high surface expression of CCR5. The phenotype of productively infected cells differed by Fiebig stage and between blood and lymph nodes. The TCR repertoire of productively infected cells was heavily biased, with preferential infection of previously expanded and disseminated clones, but composed almost exclusively of unique clonotypes, indicating that they were the product of independent infection events. Latent genetically intact proviruses were already archived early in infection. Hence, productive infection is initially established in a pool of phenotypically and clonotypically distinct T cells, and latently infected cells are generated simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gantner
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amélie Pagliuzza
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Dufour
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marion Pardons
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie L Mitchell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Eugène Kroon
- SEARCH, Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH, Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Denise Hsu
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Takata H, Mitchell J, Sacdalan C, Chomont N, Trautmann L, Pagliuzza A, Kakazu J, Pinyakorn S, Phanuphak N, Vasan S, Hsu D. OP 4.4 – 00018 HIV reservoir burden associates with numbers of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells under long-term antiretroviral therapy and prevents them from differentiating into functional memory cells. J Virus Erad 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
11
|
Bosque A, Howard J, Zaikos T, Levinger C, McMahon E, Takata H, Rivera E, Copertino D, Wang W, Sanz-Perez M, Arias-Moreno X, Soriano-Sarabia N, Jones RB, Trautmann L. OP 5.2 – 00070 Characterization of a dual PTPN1/PTPN2 inhibitor to target latent HIV reservoirs. J Virus Erad 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
12
|
Howard J, Levinger C, Wang W, Takata H, Nathanson S, Fromentin R, Chomont N, Trautmann L, Bosque A. PP 1.10 – 00069 Isotretinoin enhances IL-15 mediated HIV latency reversal and reduces the inducible latent reservoir. J Virus Erad 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
13
|
Paul R, Cho K, Bolzenius J, Sacdalan C, Ndhlovu LC, Trautmann L, Krebs S, Tipsuk S, Crowell TA, Suttichom D, Colby DJ, Premeaux TA, Phanuphak N, Chan P, Kroon E, Vasan S, Hsu D, Carrico A, Valcour V, Ananworanich J, Robb ML, Ake JA, Sriplienchan S, Spudich S. Individual Differences in CD4/CD8 T-Cell Ratio Trajectories and Associated Risk Profiles Modeled From Acute HIV Infection. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:976-983. [PMID: 36162059 PMCID: PMC9553252 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined individual differences in CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio trajectories and associated risk profiles from acute HIV infection (AHI) through 144 weeks of antiretroviral therapy (ART) using a data-driven approach. METHODS A total of 483 AHI participants began ART during Fiebig I-V and completed follow-up evaluations for 144 weeks. CD4+, CD8+, and CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio trajectories were defined followed by analyses to identify associated risk variables. RESULTS Participants had a median viral load (VL) of 5.88 copies/ml and CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio of 0.71 at enrollment. After 144 weeks of ART, the median CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio was 1.3. Longitudinal models revealed five CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio subgroups: group 1 (3%) exhibited a ratio >1.0 at all visits; groups 2 (18%) and 3 (29%) exhibited inversion at enrollment, with normalization 4 and 12 weeks after ART, respectively; and groups 4 (31%) and 5 (18%) experienced CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio inversion due to slow CD4+ T-cell recovery (group 4) or high CD8+ T-cell count (group 5). Persistent inversion corresponded to ART onset after Fiebig II, higher VL, soluble CD27 and TIM-3, and lower eosinophil count. Individuals with slow CD4+ T-cell recovery exhibited higher VL, lower white blood cell count, lower basophil percent, and treatment with standard ART, as well as worse mental health and cognition, compared with individuals with high CD8+ T-cell count. CONCLUSIONS Early HIV disease dynamics predict unfavorable CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio outcomes after ART. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell trajectories contribute to inversion risk and correspond to specific viral, immune, and psychological profiles during AHI. Adjunctive strategies to achieve immune normalization merit consideration.
Collapse
|
14
|
Mdluli T, Li Y, Pinyakorn S, Reeves DB, Cardozo-Ojeda EF, Yates A, Intasan J, Tipsuk S, Phanuphak N, Sacdalan C, Colby DJ, Kroon E, Crowell TA, Thomas R, Robb ML, Ananworanich J, de Souza M, Phanuphak P, Stieh DJ, Tomaka FL, Trautmann L, Ake JA, Hsu DC, Francisco LV, Vasan S, Rolland M. Acute HIV-1 infection viremia associate with rebound upon treatment interruption. Med 2022; 3:622-635.e3. [PMID: 35870446 PMCID: PMC9464709 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analytic treatment interruption (ATI) studies evaluate strategies to potentially induce remission in people living with HIV-1 but are often limited in sample size. We combined data from four studies that tested three interventions (vorinostat/hydroxychloroquine/maraviroc before ATI, Ad26/MVA vaccination before ATI, and VRC01 antibody infusion during ATI). METHODS The statistical validity of combining data from these participants was evaluated. Eleven variables, including HIV-1 viral load at diagnosis, Fiebig stage, and CD4+ T cell count were evaluated using pairwise correlations, statistical tests, and Cox survival models. FINDINGS Participants had homogeneous demographic and clinical characteristics. Because an antiviral effect was seen in participants who received VRC01 infusion post-ATI, these participants were excluded from the analysis, permitting a pooled analysis of 53 participants. Time to viral rebound was significantly associated with variables measured at the beginning of infection: pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) viral load (HR = 1.34, p = 0.022), time to viral suppression post-ART initiation (HR = 1.07, p < 0.001), and area under the viral load curve (HR = 1.34, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS We show that higher viral loads in acute HIV-1 infection were associated with faster viral rebound, demonstrating that the initial stage of HIV-1 infection before ART initiation has a strong impact on viral rebound post-ATI years later. FUNDING This work was supported by a cooperative agreement between the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine and the US Department of the Army (W81XWH-18-2-0040). This research was funded, in part, by the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AAI20052001) and the I4C Martin Delaney Collaboratory (5UM1AI126603-05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thembi Mdluli
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Yifan Li
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Daniel B Reeves
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - E Fabian Cardozo-Ojeda
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Adam Yates
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Jintana Intasan
- SEARCH, Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Somporn Tipsuk
- SEARCH, Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Phanuphak
- SEARCH, Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH, Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Donn J Colby
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; SEARCH, Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Eugène Kroon
- SEARCH, Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Trevor A Crowell
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Rasmi Thomas
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 BP, the Netherlands
| | - Mark de Souza
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; SEARCH, Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Praphan Phanuphak
- SEARCH, Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Daniel J Stieh
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, 2333 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Frank L Tomaka
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, 2333 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97006, USA
| | - Julie A Ake
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Denise C Hsu
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Leilani V Francisco
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Morgane Rolland
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
HIV infection results in defective CD8+ T cell functions that are incompletely resolved by antiretroviral therapy (ART) except in natural controllers, who have functional CD8+ T cells associated with viral control. In this issue of the JCI, Perdomo-Celis et al. demonstrated that targeting the Wnt/transcription factor T cell factor 1 (Wnt/TCF-1) pathway in dysfunctional CD8+ T cells led to gains in stemness phenotype, metabolic quiescence, survival potential, response to homeostatic γ-chain cytokines, and antiviral capacities, similar to profiles of functional CD8+ T cells in natural controllers. Although reprogramming might not sufficiently reverse the imprinted dysfunction of CD8+ T cells in HIV infection, these findings outline the Wnt/TCF-1 pathway as a potential target to reprogram dysfunctional CD8+ T cells in efforts to achieve HIV remission.
Collapse
|
16
|
Okoye AA, Fromentin R, Takata H, Brehm JH, Fukazawa Y, Randall B, Pardons M, Tai V, Tang J, Smedley J, Axthelm M, Lifson JD, Picker LJ, Favre D, Trautmann L, Chomont N. The ingenol-based protein kinase C agonist GSK445A is a potent inducer of HIV and SIV RNA transcription. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010245. [PMID: 35041707 PMCID: PMC8797195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by Protein Kinase C (PKC) agonists is a potent mechanism for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) latency disruption in vitro. However, significant toxicity risks and the lack of evidence supporting their activity in vivo have limited further evaluation of PKC agonists as HIV latency-reversing agents (LRA) in cure strategies. Here we evaluated whether GSK445A, a stabilized ingenol-B derivative, can induce HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) transcription and virus production in vitro and demonstrate pharmacological activity in nonhuman primates (NHP). CD4+ T cells from people living with HIV and from SIV+ rhesus macaques (RM) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposed in vitro to 25 nM of GSK445A produced cell-associated viral transcripts as well as viral particles at levels similar to those induced by PMA/Ionomycin, indicating that GSK445A can potently reverse HIV/SIV latency. Importantly, these concentrations of GSK445A did not impair the proliferation or survival of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, but instead, increased their numbers and enhanced IFN-γ production in response to HIV peptides. In vivo, GSK445A tolerability was established in SIV-naïve RM at 15 μg/kg although tolerability was reduced in SIV-infected RM on ART. Increases in plasma viremia following GSK445A administration were suggestive of increased SIV transcription in vivo. Collectively, these results indicate that GSK445A is a potent HIV/SIV LRA in vitro and has a tolerable safety profile amenable for further evaluation in vivo in NHP models of HIV cure/remission. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not a definitive cure for HIV infection, in part, because the virus is able to integrate its genetic material in the host cell and remain in a dormant but fully replication-competent form during ART. These latently-infected cells can persist for long periods of time and remain hidden from the host’s immune system. If ART is stopped, the virus can reactivate from this pool of infected cells and resume HIV replication and disease progression. As such, finding and eliminating cells with latent HIV infection is priority for HIV cure research. One approach is to use compounds referred to as latency-reversing agents, that can induce HIV reactivation during ART. The goal of this approach is to facilitate elimination of infected cells by the virus itself once it reactivates or by the host’s immune system, once virus induction renders the cells detectable by the immune system, while also preventing the virus from infecting new cells due to the continued presence of ART. In this study we report on the activity of a novel latency-reversing agent called GSK445A, a potent activator of the enzyme protein kinase C (PKC). We show that GSK445A can induce HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) latency reversal in vitro and has a tolerable saftey profile in nonhuman primates that should permit further testing of this PKC-agonist in strategies to cure HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afam A Okoye
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Takata
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jessica H Brehm
- ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yoshinori Fukazawa
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Bryan Randall
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Marion Pardons
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Tai
- ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jun Tang
- ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Axthelm
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - David Favre
- UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.,HIV Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
This study of fully vaccinated health care workers examines antibody levels and variant cross-neutralization after COVID-19 breakthrough infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Bates
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Savannah K. McBride
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Bradie Winders
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Devin Schoen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Marcel E. Curlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mitchell JL, Pollara J, Dietze K, Edwards RW, Nohara J, N'guessan KF, Zemil M, Buranapraditkun S, Takata H, Li Y, Muir R, Kroon E, Pinyakorn S, Jha S, Manasnayakorn S, Chottanapund S, Thantiworasit P, Prueksakaew P, Ratnaratorn N, Nuntapinit B, Fox L, Tovanabutra S, Paquin-Proulx D, Wieczorek L, Polonis VR, Maldarelli F, Haddad EK, Phanuphak P, Sacdalan CP, Rolland M, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Vasan S, Ferrari G, Trautmann L. Anti-HIV antibody development up to one year after antiretroviral therapy initiation in acute HIV infection. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:150937. [PMID: 34762600 PMCID: PMC8718150 DOI: 10.1172/jci150937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in acute HIV infection (AHI) is effective at limiting seeding of the HIV viral reservoir, but little is known about how the resultant decreased antigen load affects long-term Ab development after ART. We report here that Env-specific plasma antibody (Ab) levels and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) increased during the first 24 weeks of ART and correlated with Ab levels persisting after 48 weeks of ART. Participants treated in AHI stage 1 had lower Env-specific Ab levels and ADCC activity on ART than did those treated later. Importantly, participants who initiated ART after peak viremia in AHI developed elevated cross-clade ADCC responses that were detectable 1 year after ART initiation, even though clinically undetectable viremia was reached by 24 weeks. These data suggest that there is more germinal center (GC) activity in the later stages of AHI and that Ab development continues in the absence of detectable viremia during the first year of suppressive ART. The development of therapeutic interventions that can enhance earlier development of GCs in AHI and Abs after ART initiation could provide important protection against the viral reservoir that is seeded in individuals treated early in the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Mitchell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, United States of America
| | - Justin Pollara
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Dietze
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States of America
| | - R Whitney Edwards
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States of America
| | - Junsuke Nohara
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States of America
| | - Kombo F N'guessan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States of America
| | - Michelle Zemil
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States of America
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Takata
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, United States of America
| | - Yifan Li
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States of America
| | - Roshell Muir
- Demartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Eugene Kroon
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States of America
| | - Shalini Jha
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Madical Center, Durham, United States of America
| | - Sopark Manasnayakorn
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suthat Chottanapund
- Department of Surgery, Bamrasnaradura Infectious Disease Institute, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Pattarawat Thantiworasit
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Bessara Nuntapinit
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences in Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lawrence Fox
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States of America
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States of America
| | - Victoria R Polonis
- Department of Vaccine Research, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Frank Maldarelli
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI/NIH, Frederick, United States of America
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Demartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | | | | | - Morgane Rolland
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States of America
| | | | | | - Sandhya Vasan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States of America
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States of America
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Massanella M, Puthanakit T, Leyre L, Jupimai T, Sawangsinth P, de Souza M, Suntarattiwong P, Kosalarksa P, Borkird T, Kanjanavanit S, Chokephaibulkit K, Hansudewechakul R, Petdachai W, Mitchell JL, Robb ML, Trautmann L, Ananworanich J, Chomont N. Continuous Prophylactic Antiretrovirals/Antiretroviral Therapy Since Birth Reduces Seeding and Persistence of the Viral Reservoir in Children Vertically Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:427-438. [PMID: 32504081 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) restricts the size of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir in infants. However, whether antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis given to exposed vertically infected children exerts similar effects remains unknown. METHODS We measured total and integrated HIV DNA, as well as the frequency of CD4 T cells producing multiply spliced RNA (msRNA) after stimulation (inducible reservoir) in vertically infected Thai infants. Eighty-five infants were followed longitudinally for up to 3 years. We compared the size of the reservoir in children who received continuous ARV prophylaxis since birth vs those who never received or discontinued prophylaxis before initiating ART. We used samples from a cross-sectional cohort of 37 Thai children who had initiated ART within 6 months of life to validate our findings. RESULTS Before ART, levels of HIV DNA and the frequencies of cells producing msRNA were significantly lower in infants who received continuous ARV prophylaxis since birth compared to those in whom ARV prophylaxis was discontinued or never initiated (P < .020 and P < .001, respectively). Upon ART initiation, total and integrated HIV DNA levels decayed significantly in both groups (P < .01 in all cases). Interestingly, the initial differences in the frequencies of infected cells persisted during 3 years on ART. The beneficial effect of prophylaxis on the size of the HIV reservoir was confirmed in the cross-sectional study. Importantly, no differences were observed between children who discontinued prophylactic ARVs before starting ART and those who delayed ART initiation without receiving prior prophylaxis. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal ARV prophylaxis with direct transition to ART durably limits the size of the HIV reservoir.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Massanella
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Thanyawee Puthanakit
- Center of Excellence for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand (HIV-NAT) Research Collaboration, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Louise Leyre
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Thidarat Jupimai
- Center of Excellence for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Mark de Souza
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Pope Kosalarksa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Julie L Mitchell
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Bill & Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Leyre L, Kroon E, Vandergeeten C, Sacdalan C, Colby DJ, Buranapraditkun S, Schuetz A, Chomchey N, de Souza M, Bakeman W, Fromentin R, Pinyakorn S, Akapirat S, Trichavaroj R, Chottanapund S, Manasnayakorn S, Rerknimitr R, Wattanaboonyoungcharoen P, Kim JH, Tovanabutra S, Schacker TW, O'Connell R, Valcour VG, Phanuphak P, Robb ML, Michael N, Trautmann L, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Chomont N. Abundant HIV-infected cells in blood and tissues are rapidly cleared upon ART initiation during acute HIV infection. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/533/eaav3491. [PMID: 32132218 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav3491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The timing and location of the establishment of the viral reservoir during acute HIV infection remain unclear. Using longitudinal blood and tissue samples obtained from HIV-infected individuals at the earliest stage of infection, we demonstrate that frequencies of infected cells reach maximal values in gut-associated lymphoid tissue and lymph nodes as early as Fiebig stage II, before seroconversion. Both tissues displayed higher frequencies of infected cells than blood until Fiebig stage III, after which infected cells were equally distributed in all compartments examined. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Fiebig stages I to III led to a profound decrease in the frequency of infected cells to nearly undetectable level in all compartments. The rare infected cells that persisted were preferentially found in the lymphoid tissues. Initiation of ART at later stages (Fiebig stages IV/V and chronic infection) induced only a modest reduction in the frequency of infected cells. Quantification of HIV DNA in memory CD4+ T cell subsets confirmed the unstable nature of most of the infected cells at Fiebig stages I to III and the emergence of persistently infected cells during the transition to Fiebig stage IV. Our results indicate that although a large pool of cells is infected during acute HIV infection, most of these early targets are rapidly cleared upon ART initiation. Therefore, infected cells present after peak viremia have a greater ability to persist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Leyre
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Eugène Kroon
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Donn J Colby
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Alexandra Schuetz
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Nitiya Chomchey
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mark de Souza
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wendy Bakeman
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, FL 34987, USA
| | - Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Siriwat Akapirat
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rapee Trichavaroj
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Jerome H Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Timothy W Schacker
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Robert O'Connell
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Victor G Valcour
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Praphan Phanuphak
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Merlin L Robb
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Nelson Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Nittaya Phanuphak
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sarabia I, Novis CL, Macedo AB, Takata H, Nell R, Kakazu JC, Furler RL, Shakya B, Schubert HL, Hill CP, DePaula-Silva AB, Spivak AM, Trautmann L, Planelles V, Bosque A. Activation of the Anti-Oxidative Stress Response Reactivates Latent HIV-1 Through the Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein Isoform MiniMAVS. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682182. [PMID: 34194436 PMCID: PMC8236643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is part of the cell's innate immune mechanism of defense. MAVS mRNA is bicistronic and can give rise to a full length-MAVS and a shorter isoform termed miniMAVS. In response to viral infections, viral RNA can be sensed by the cytosolic RNA sensors retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and/or melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) and activate NF-κB through interaction with MAVS. MAVS can also sense cellular stress and activate an anti-oxidative stress (AOS) response through the activation of NF-κB. Because NF-κB is a main cellular transcription factor for HIV-1, we wanted to address what role MAVS plays in HIV-1 reactivation from latency in CD4 T cells. Our results indicate that RIG-I agonists required full length-MAVS whereas the AOS response induced by Dynasore through its catechol group can reactivate latent HIV-1 in a MAVS dependent manner through miniMAVS isoform. Furthermore, we uncover that PKC agonists, a class of latency-reversing agents, induce an AOS response in CD4 T cells and require miniMAVS to fully reactivate latent HIV-1. Our results indicate that the AOS response, through miniMAVS, can induce HIV-1 transcription in response to cellular stress and targeting this pathway adds to the repertoire of approaches to reactivate latent HIV-1 in 'shock-and-kill' strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indra Sarabia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Camille L. Novis
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Amanda B. Macedo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Hiroshi Takata
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Racheal Nell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Juyeon C. Kakazu
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Robert L. Furler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Binita Shakya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Heidi L. Schubert
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Christopher P. Hill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ana Beatriz DePaula-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Adam M. Spivak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Vicente Planelles
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Alberto Bosque
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
de Armas LR, George V, Filali-Mouhim A, Steel C, Parmigiani A, Cunningham CK, Weinberg A, Trautmann L, Sekaly RP, Cameron MJ, Pahwa S. Transcriptional and Immunologic Correlates of Response to Pandemic Influenza Vaccine in Aviremic, HIV-Infected Children. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639358. [PMID: 33868267 PMCID: PMC8044856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV (PWH) often exhibit poor responses to influenza vaccination despite effective combination anti-retroviral (ART) mediated viral suppression. There exists a paucity of data in identifying immune correlates of influenza vaccine response in context of HIV infection that would be useful in improving its efficacy in PWH, especially in younger individuals. Transcriptomic data were obtained by microarray from whole blood isolated from aviremic pediatric and adolescent HIV-infected individuals (4-25 yrs) given two doses of Novartis/H1N1 09 vaccine during the pandemic H1N1 influenza outbreak. Supervised clustering and gene set enrichment identified contrasts between individuals exhibiting high and low antibody responses to vaccination. High responders exhibited hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers >1:40 post-first dose and 4-fold increase over baseline. Baseline molecular profiles indicated increased gene expression in metabolic stress pathways in low responders compared to high responders. Inflammation-related and interferon-inducible gene expression pathways were higher in low responders 3 wks post-vaccination. The broad age range and developmental stage of participants in this study prompted additional analysis by age group (e.g. <13yrs and ≥13yrs). This analysis revealed differential enrichment of gene pathways before and after vaccination in the two age groups. Notably, CXCR5, a homing marker expressed on T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, was enriched in high responders (>13yrs) following vaccination which was accompanied by peripheral Tfh expansion. Our results comprise a valuable resource of immune correlates of vaccine response to pandemic influenza in HIV infected children that may be used to identify favorable targets for improved vaccine design in different age groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley R de Armas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Varghese George
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Courtney Steel
- Collaborative Genomics Center, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Port St. Lucie, FL, United States
| | - Anita Parmigiani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Coleen K Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Adriana Weinberg
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mark J Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lima NS, Moon D, Darko S, De La Barrera RA, Lin L, Koren MA, Jarman RG, Eckels KH, Thomas SJ, Michael NL, Modjarrad K, Douek DC, Trautmann L. Pre-existing Immunity to Japanese Encephalitis Virus Alters CD4 T Cell Responses to Zika Virus Inactivated Vaccine. Front Immunol 2021; 12:640190. [PMID: 33717194 PMCID: PMC7943459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.640190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic spread of Zika virus (ZIKV), associated with devastating neurologic syndromes, has driven the development of multiple ZIKV vaccines candidates. An effective vaccine should induce ZIKV-specific T cell responses, which are shown to improve the establishment of humoral immunity and contribute to viral clearance. Here we investigated how previous immunization against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) influences T cell responses elicited by a Zika purified-inactivated virus (ZPIV) vaccine. We demonstrate that three doses of ZPIV vaccine elicited robust CD4 T cell responses to ZIKV structural proteins, while ZIKV-specific CD4 T cells in pre-immunized individuals with JEV vaccine, but not YFV vaccine, were more durable and directed predominantly toward conserved epitopes, which elicited Th1 and Th2 cytokine production. In addition, T cell receptor repertoire analysis revealed preferential expansion of cross-reactive clonotypes between JEV and ZIKV, suggesting that pre-existing immunity against JEV may prime the establishment of stronger CD4 T cell responses to ZPIV vaccination. These CD4 T cell responses correlated with titers of ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies in the JEV pre-vaccinated group, but not in flavivirus-naïve or YFV pre-vaccinated individuals, suggesting a stronger contribution of CD4 T cells in the generation of neutralizing antibodies in the context of JEV-ZIKV cross-reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemia S Lima
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Cellular Immunology Section, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Damee Moon
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Samuel Darko
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rafael A De La Barrera
- Pilot Bioproduction Facility, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Leyi Lin
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael A Koren
- Viral Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Richard G Jarman
- Viral Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth H Eckels
- Pilot Bioproduction Facility, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Stephen J Thomas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Cellular Immunology Section, US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mitchell JL, Takata H, Muir R, Colby DJ, Kroon E, Crowell TA, Sacdalan C, Pinyakorn S, Puttamaswin S, Benjapornpong K, Trichavaroj R, Tressler RL, Fox L, Polonis VR, Bolton DL, Maldarelli F, Lewin SR, Haddad EK, Phanuphak P, Robb ML, Michael NL, de Souza M, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Trautmann L. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense HIV replication before detectable viremia following treatment interruption. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2845-2858. [PMID: 32017709 DOI: 10.1172/jci130597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are robust producers of IFNα and one of the first immune cells to respond to SIV infection. To elucidate responses to early HIV-1 replication, we studied blood pDCs in 29 HIV-infected participants who initiated antiretroviral therapy during acute infection and underwent analytic treatment interruption (ATI). We observed an increased frequency of partially activated pDCs in the blood before detection of HIV RNA. Concurrent with peak pDC frequency, we detected a transient decline in the ability of pDCs to produce IFNα in vitro, which correlated with decreased phosphorylation of IFN regulatory factory 7 (IRF7) and NF-κB. The levels of phosphorylated IRF7 and NF-κB inversely correlated with plasma IFNα2 levels, implying that pDCs were refractory to in vitro stimulation after IFNα production in vivo. After ATI, decreased expression of IFN genes in pDCs inversely correlated with the time to viral detection, suggesting that pDC IFN loss is part of an effective early immune response. These data from a limited cohort provide a critical first step in understanding the earliest immune response to HIV-1 and suggest that changes in blood pDC frequency and function can be used as an indicator of viral replication before detectable plasma viremia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Mitchell
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiroshi Takata
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Roshell Muir
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donn J Colby
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,South East Asia Research Collaboration with Hawaii (SEARCH), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre (TRC-ARC), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eugène Kroon
- South East Asia Research Collaboration with Hawaii (SEARCH), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre (TRC-ARC), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Trevor A Crowell
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- South East Asia Research Collaboration with Hawaii (SEARCH), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre (TRC-ARC), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Suwanna Puttamaswin
- South East Asia Research Collaboration with Hawaii (SEARCH), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre (TRC-ARC), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khunthalee Benjapornpong
- South East Asia Research Collaboration with Hawaii (SEARCH), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre (TRC-ARC), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rapee Trichavaroj
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS) United States Component, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Randall L Tressler
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lawrence Fox
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria R Polonis
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane L Bolton
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank Maldarelli
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Praphan Phanuphak
- South East Asia Research Collaboration with Hawaii (SEARCH), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre (TRC-ARC), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Merlin L Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark de Souza
- South East Asia Research Collaboration with Hawaii (SEARCH), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre (TRC-ARC), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Phanuphak
- South East Asia Research Collaboration with Hawaii (SEARCH), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre (TRC-ARC), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,South East Asia Research Collaboration with Hawaii (SEARCH), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre (TRC-ARC), Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cale EM, Bai H, Bose M, Messina MA, Colby DJ, Sanders-Buell E, Dearlove B, Li Y, Engeman E, Silas D, O'Sullivan AM, Mann B, Pinyakorn S, Intasan J, Benjapornpong K, Sacdalan C, Kroon E, Phanuphak N, Gramzinski R, Vasan S, Robb ML, Michael NL, Lynch RM, Bailer RT, Pagliuzza A, Chomont N, Pegu A, Doria-Rose NA, Trautmann L, Crowell TA, Mascola JR, Ananworanich J, Tovanabutra S, Rolland M. Neutralizing antibody VRC01 failed to select for HIV-1 mutations upon viral rebound. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3299-3304. [PMID: 32182219 PMCID: PMC7259993 DOI: 10.1172/jci134395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infusion of the broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 has been evaluated in individuals chronically infected with HIV-1. Here, we studied how VRC01 infusions affected viral rebound after cessation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 18 acutely treated and durably suppressed individuals. Viral rebound occurred in all individuals, yet VRC01 infusions modestly delayed rebound and participants who showed a faster decay of VRC01 in serum rebounded more rapidly. Participants with strains most sensitive to VRC01 or with VRC01 epitope motifs similar to known VRC01-susceptible strains rebounded later. Upon rebound, HIV-1 sequences were indistinguishable from those sampled at diagnosis. Across the cohort, participant-derived Env showed different sensitivity to VRC01 neutralization (including 2 resistant viruses), yet neutralization sensitivity was similar at diagnosis and after rebound, indicating the lack of selection for VRC01 resistance during treatment interruption. Our results showed that viremia rebounded despite the absence of HIV-1 adaptation to VRC01 and an average VRC01 trough of 221 μg/mL. Although VRC01 levels were insufficient to prevent a resurgent infection, knowledge that they did not mediate Env mutations in acute-like viruses is relevant for antibody-based strategies in acute infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Cale
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hongjun Bai
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meera Bose
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael A Messina
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Donn J Colby
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eric Sanders-Buell
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bethany Dearlove
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yifan Li
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Engeman
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Silas
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne Marie O'Sullivan
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brendan Mann
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eugène Kroon
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Robert Gramzinski
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Robert T Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Trevor A Crowell
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,SEARCH, Thai Red Cross Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Morgane Rolland
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kroon ED, Ananworanich J, Pagliuzza A, Rhodes A, Phanuphak N, Trautmann L, Mitchell JL, Chintanaphol M, Intasan J, Pinyakorn S, Benjapornpong K, Chang JJ, Colby DJ, Chomchey N, Fletcher JL, Eubanks K, Yang H, Kapson J, Dantanarayana A, Tennakoon S, Gorelick RJ, Maldarelli F, Robb ML, Kim JH, Spudich S, Chomont N, Phanuphak P, Lewin SR, de Souza MS. A randomized trial of vorinostat with treatment interruption after initiating antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV-1 infection. J Virus Erad 2020; 6:100004. [PMID: 33251022 PMCID: PMC7646672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2020.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN A randomized, open-label pilot study in individuals treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) since acute HIV infection (AHI) with a regimen including a histone deacetylase inhibitor to induce HIV from latency and control HIV replication during subsequent treatment interruption (TI). METHODS Fifteen participants who initiated ART at AHI were randomized to vorinostat/hydroxychloroquine/maraviroc (VHM) plus ART (n = 10) or ART alone (n = 5). The VHM arm received three 14-day vorinostat cycles within 10 weeks before TI. ART was resumed for plasma viral load (VL) > 1,000 HIV RNA copies/mL. Primary outcome was proportion of participants on VHM + ART versus ART only with VL < 50 copies/mL for 24 weeks after TI. RESULTS Fifteen participants on ART (median: 178 weeks: range 79-295) enrolled. Two on VHM + ART experienced serious adverse events. Fourteen participants underwent TI; all experienced VL rebound with no difference in time between arms: VHM + ART (n = 9) median: 4 weeks and ART only (n = 5) median: 5 weeks. VHM induced a 2.2-fold increase in VL (p = 0.008) by single-copy HIV RNA assay after the first cycle. Neopterin levels increased significantly following the first two cycles. After VHM treatment, the frequencies of peripheral blood mononuclear cells harboring total HIV DNA and cell-associated RNA were unchanged. All participants achieved VL suppression following ART re-initiation. CONCLUSIONS Administration of VHM increased HIV VL in plasma, but this was not sustained. VHM did not impact time to viral rebound following TI and had no impact on the size of the HIV reservoir, suggesting that HIV reservoir elimination will require alternative treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Bill and Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amélie Pagliuzza
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ajantha Rhodes
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Lydie Trautmann
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie L. Mitchell
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Chintanaphol
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jintana Intasan
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - J. Judy Chang
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Donn J. Colby
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitiya Chomchey
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Hua Yang
- Cooper Human Systems, Nashua, NH, USA
| | | | - Ashanti Dantanarayana
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Surekha Tennakoon
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert J. Gorelick
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Frank Maldarelli
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- International Vaccine Initiative, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Serena Spudich
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Sharon R. Lewin
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - for the SEARCH 019 and RV254 Study Teams
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Bill and Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cooper Human Systems, Nashua, NH, USA
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- International Vaccine Initiative, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abraham J, Botto S, Mizuno N, Pryke K, Gall B, Boehm D, Sali TM, Jin H, Nilsen A, Gough M, Baird J, Chakhtoura M, Subra C, Trautmann L, Haddad EK, DeFilippis VR. Characterization of a Novel Compound That Stimulates STING-Mediated Innate Immune Activity in an Allele-Specific Manner. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1430. [PMID: 32733475 PMCID: PMC7360819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response to cytosolic DNA involves transcriptional activation of type I interferons (IFN-I) and proinflammatory cytokines. This represents the culmination of intracellular signaling pathways that are initiated by pattern recognition receptors that engage DNA and require the adaptor protein Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING). These responses lead to the generation of cellular and tissue states that impair microbial replication and facilitate the establishment of long-lived, antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Ultimately this can lead to immune-mediated protection from infection but also to the cytotoxic T cell-mediated clearance of tumor cells. Intriguingly, pharmacologic activation of STING-dependent phenotypes is known to enhance both vaccine-associated immunogenicity and immune-based anti-tumor therapies. Unfortunately, the STING protein exists as multiple variant forms in the human population that exhibit differences in their reactivity to chemical stimuli and in the intensity of molecular signaling they induce. In light of this, STING-targeting drug discovery efforts require an accounting of protein variant-specific activity. Herein we describe a small molecule termed M04 that behaves as a novel agonist of human STING. Importantly, we find that the molecule exhibits a differential ability to activate STING based on the allelic variant examined. Furthermore, while M04 is inactive in mice, expression of human STING in mouse cells rescues reactivity to the compound. Using primary human cells in ex vivo assays we were also able to show that M04 is capable of simulating innate responses important for adaptive immune activation such as cytokine secretion, dendritic cell maturation, and T cell cross-priming. Collectively, this work demonstrates the conceivable utility of a novel agonist of human STING both as a research tool for exploring STING biology and as an immune potentiating molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinu Abraham
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sara Botto
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Nobuyo Mizuno
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Kara Pryke
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Bryan Gall
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Dylan Boehm
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tina M. Sali
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Haihong Jin
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Michael Gough
- Integrated Therapies Laboratory, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jason Baird
- Integrated Therapies Laboratory, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Marita Chakhtoura
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Caroline Subra
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elias K. Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Victor R. DeFilippis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lima NS, Takata H, Huang SH, Haregot A, Mitchell J, Blackmore S, Garland A, Sy A, Cartwright P, Routy JP, Michael NL, Appay V, Jones RB, Trautmann L. CTL Clonotypes with Higher TCR Affinity Have Better Ability to Reduce the HIV Latent Reservoir. J Immunol 2020; 205:699-707. [PMID: 32591402 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The success of the shock and kill strategy for the HIV cure depends both on the reactivation of the latent reservoir and on the ability of the immune system to eliminate infected cells. As latency reversal alone has not shown any impact in the size of the latent reservoir, ensuring that effector CTLs are able to recognize and kill HIV-infected cells could contribute to reservoir reduction. In this study, we investigated which functional aspects of human CTLs are associated with a better capacity to kill HIV-infected CD4+ T cells. We isolated Gag- and Nef-specific CTL clones with different TCR sequences from the PBMC of donors in acute and chronic infection. High-affinity clonotypes that showed IFN-γ production preserved even when the CD8 coreceptor was blocked, and clones with high Ag sensitivity exhibited higher efficiency at reducing the latent reservoir. Although intrinsic cytotoxic capacity did not differ according to TCR affinity, clonotypes with high TCR affinity showed a better ability to kill HIV-infected CD4+ T cells obtained from in vivo-infected PBMC and subjected to viral reactivation. Strategies aiming to specifically boost and maintain long-living memory CTLs with high TCR affinity in vivo prior to latency-reversing treatment might improve the efficacy of the shock and kill approach to reduce the latent reservoir.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemia S Lima
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817.,Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Hiroshi Takata
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817.,Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Szu-Han Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Alexander Haregot
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Julie Mitchell
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817.,Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Stephen Blackmore
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Ayanna Garland
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | - Aaron Sy
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Division of Hematology and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Nelson L Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Victor Appay
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris 75005, France; and.,International Research Center of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - R Brad Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910; .,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817.,Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Crowell TA, Colby DJ, Pinyakorn S, Sacdalan C, Pagliuzza A, Intasan J, Benjapornpong K, Tangnaree K, Chomchey N, Kroon E, de Souza MS, Tovanabutra S, Rolland M, Eller MA, Paquin-Proulx D, Bolton DL, Tokarev A, Thomas R, Takata H, Trautmann L, Krebs SJ, Modjarrad K, McDermott AB, Bailer RT, Doria-Rose N, Patel B, Gorelick RJ, Fullmer BA, Schuetz A, Grandin PV, O'Connell RJ, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS, Tressler R, Mascola JR, Chomont N, Michael NL, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J. Safety and efficacy of VRC01 broadly neutralising antibodies in adults with acutely treated HIV (RV397): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet HIV 2019; 6:e297-e306. [PMID: 31000477 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(19)30053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1-specific broadly neutralising antibodies such as VRC01 could promote HIV remission by halting viral replication and clearing infected cells. We investigated whether VRC01 could promote sustained viral control off antiretroviral therapy (ART) in adults who initiated ART during acute HIV infection. METHODS We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre in Bangkok, Thailand. Eligible participants were aged 20-50 years, had initiated ART during acute infection (ie, Fiebig stages I-III), had been taking ART for more than 24 months, had fewer than 50 HIV-1 RNA copies per mL on three consecutive measurements, had more than 400 CD4 cells per μL, had fewer than ten copies of integrated HIV-1 DNA per 106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and were in generally good health. Eligible participants were randomly assigned (3:1) based on computer-generated lists with a blocking factor of 4 to receive VRC01 (40 mg/kg) or placebo (saline) intravenously every 3 weeks for up to 24 weeks during analytic interruption of ART, followed by continued observation off all therapies. Randomisation was stratified by Fiebig stage (I vs II vs III) at HIV diagnosis. Participants were monitored closely and resumed ART if 1000 or more HIV-1 RNA copies were detected per mL of plasma. The primary outcomes were the frequency of serious adverse events and the proportion of participants with fewer than 50 HIV-1 RNA copies per mL 24 weeks after treatment interruption. Efficacy analyses included all participants who received at least one full dose of study product, and safety analyses included all participants exposed to any study product. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02664415. This trial is completed. FINDINGS Between Aug 8, 2016, and Jan 9, 2017, 19 men were randomly assigned, 14 to the VRC01 group and five to the placebo group. One participant in the VRC01 group received a partial infusion without undergoing treatment interruption. The other 18 participants all received at least one full study infusion and underwent ART interruption. No serious adverse events were reported in either group. Only one participant in the VRC01 group achieved the primary efficacy endpoint of viral suppression 24 weeks after ART interruption. The other 17 restarted ART because of a confirmed recording of 1000 or more HIV-1 RNA copies per mL before 24 weeks. INTERPRETATION VRC01 monotherapy in individuals who initiated ART during acute HIV infection was well tolerated but did not significantly increase the number of participants with viral suppression 24 weeks after ART interruption. Further development of VRC01 and other immunotherapies for HIV will probably occur as part of combination regimens that include several treatments directed against unique therapeutic targets. FUNDING US Department of the Army, US National Institutes of Health, and the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A Crowell
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Donn J Colby
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amélie Pagliuzza
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jintana Intasan
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Nitiya Chomchey
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eugène Kroon
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mark S de Souza
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA; SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgane Rolland
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Eller
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane L Bolton
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrey Tokarev
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rasmi Thomas
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hiroshi Takata
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert T Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bijal Patel
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Gorelick
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Brandie A Fullmer
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Schuetz
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornsuk V Grandin
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert J O'Connell
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Julie E Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Randall Tressler
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nelson L Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA; SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Colby DJ, Trautmann L, Pinyakorn S, Leyre L, Pagliuzza A, Kroon E, Rolland M, Takata H, Buranapraditkun S, Intasan J, Chomchey N, Muir R, Haddad EK, Tovanabutra S, Ubolyam S, Bolton DL, Fullmer BA, Gorelick RJ, Fox L, Crowell TA, Trichavaroj R, O'Connell R, Chomont N, Kim JH, Michael NL, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J. Rapid HIV RNA rebound after antiretroviral treatment interruption in persons durably suppressed in Fiebig I acute HIV infection. Nat Med 2018; 24:923-926. [PMID: 29892063 PMCID: PMC6092240 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy during the earliest stage of acute HIV infection (Fiebig I) might minimize establishment of a latent HIV reservoir and thereby facilitate viremic control after analytical treatment interruption. We show that 8 participants, who initiated treatment during Fiebig I and were treated for a median of 2.8 years, all experienced rapid viral load rebound following analytical treatment interruption, indicating that additional strategies are required to control or eradicate HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donn J Colby
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louise Leyre
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amélie Pagliuzza
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Eugène Kroon
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Morgane Rolland
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hiroshi Takata
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chulalongkorn Vaccine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jintana Intasan
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitiya Chomchey
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Roshell Muir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine at Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine at Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Diane L Bolton
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandie A Fullmer
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Gorelick
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence Fox
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Trevor A Crowell
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rapee Trichavaroj
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences United States Component, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert O'Connell
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences United States Component, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM and Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jerome H Kim
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nelson L Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- SEARCH, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand.
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kessing CF, Nixon CC, Li C, Tsai P, Takata H, Mousseau G, Ho PT, Honeycutt JB, Fallahi M, Trautmann L, Garcia JV, Valente ST. In Vivo Suppression of HIV Rebound by Didehydro-Cortistatin A, a "Block-and-Lock" Strategy for HIV-1 Treatment. Cell Rep 2018; 21:600-611. [PMID: 29045830 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 Tat activates viral transcription and limited Tat transactivation correlates with latency establishment. We postulated a "block-and-lock" functional cure approach based on properties of the Tat inhibitor didehydro-Cortistatin A (dCA). HIV-1 transcriptional inhibitors could block ongoing viremia during antiretroviral therapy (ART), locking the HIV promoter in persistent latency. We investigated this hypothesis in human CD4+ T cells isolated from aviremic individuals. Combining dCA with ART accelerates HIV-1 suppression and prevents viral rebound after treatment interruption, even during strong cellular activation. We show that dCA mediates epigenetic silencing by increasing nucleosomal occupancy at Nucleosome-1, restricting RNAPII recruitment to the HIV-1 promoter. The efficacy of dCA was studied in the bone marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) mouse model of HIV latency and persistence. Adding dCA to ART-suppressed mice systemically reduces viral mRNA in tissues. Moreover, dCA significantly delays and reduces viral rebound levels upon treatment interruption. Altogether, this work demonstrates the potential of block-and-lock cure strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cari F Kessing
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Christopher C Nixon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Perry Tsai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hiroshi Takata
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guillaume Mousseau
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Phong T Ho
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jenna B Honeycutt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mohammad Fallahi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Victor Garcia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Susana T Valente
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kityo C, Makamdop KN, Rothenberger M, Chipman JG, Hoskuldsson T, Beilman GJ, Grzywacz B, Mugyenyi P, Ssali F, Akondy RS, Anderson J, Schmidt TE, Reimann T, Callisto SP, Schoephoerster J, Schuster J, Muloma P, Ssengendo P, Moysi E, Petrovas C, Lanciotti R, Zhang L, Arévalo MT, Rodriguez B, Ross TM, Trautmann L, Sekaly RP, Lederman MM, Koup RA, Ahmed R, Reilly C, Douek DC, Schacker TW. Lymphoid tissue fibrosis is associated with impaired vaccine responses. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2763-2773. [PMID: 29781814 DOI: 10.1172/jci97377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine responses vary by geographic location. We have previously described how HIV-associated inflammation leads to fibrosis of secondary lymph nodes (LNs) and T cell depletion. We hypothesized that other infections may cause LN inflammation and fibrosis, in a process similar to that seen in HIV infection, which may lead to T cell depletion and affect vaccine responses. We studied LNs of individuals from Kampala, Uganda, before and after yellow fever vaccination (YFV) and found fibrosis in LNs that was similar to that seen in HIV infection. We found blunted antibody responses to YFV that correlated to the amount of LN fibrosis and loss of T cells, including T follicular helper cells. These data suggest that LN fibrosis is not limited to HIV infection and may be associated with impaired immunologic responses to vaccines. This may have an impact on vaccine development, especially for infectious diseases prevalent in the developing world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cissy Kityo
- Joint Clinical Research Center, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Krystelle Nganou Makamdop
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rama S Akondy
- Emory Vaccine Center, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jodi Anderson
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eirini Moysi
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Lin Zhang
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria T Arévalo
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology and Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology and Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Richard A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cavan Reilly
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Takata H, Buranapraditkun S, Kessing C, Fletcher JLK, Muir R, Tardif V, Cartwright P, Vandergeeten C, Bakeman W, Nichols CN, Pinyakorn S, Hansasuta P, Kroon E, Chalermchai T, O'Connell R, Kim J, Phanuphak N, Robb ML, Michael NL, Chomont N, Haddad EK, Ananworanich J, Trautmann L. Delayed differentiation of potent effector CD8 + T cells reducing viremia and reservoir seeding in acute HIV infection. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/377/eaag1809. [PMID: 28202771 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a critical role in controlling HIV viremia and could be important in reducing HIV-infected cells in approaches to eradicate HIV. The simian immunodeficiency virus model provided the proof of concept for a CD8+ T cell-mediated reservoir clearance but showed conflicting evidence on the role of these cells to eliminate HIV-infected cells. In humans, HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses have not been associated with a reduction of the HIV-infected cell pool in vivo. We studied HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in the RV254 cohort of individuals initiating ART in the earliest stages of acute HIV infection (AHI). We showed that the HIV-specific CD8+ T cells generated as early as AHI stages 1 and 2 before peak viremia are delayed in expanding and acquiring effector functions but are endowed with higher memory potential. In contrast, the fully differentiated HIV-specific CD8+ T cells at peak viremia in AHI stage 3 were more prone to apoptosis but were associated with a steeper viral load decrease after ART initiation. Their capacity to persist in vivo after ART initiation correlated with a lower HIV DNA reservoir. These findings demonstrate that HIV-specific CD8+ T cell magnitude and differentiation are delayed in the earliest stages of infection. These results also demonstrate that potent HIV-specific CD8+ T cells contribute to the reduction of the pool of HIV-producing cells and the HIV reservoir seeding in vivo and provide the rationale to design interventions aiming at inducing these potent responses to cure HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takata
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cari Kessing
- The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | - Roshell Muir
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Virginie Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Pearline Cartwright
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Claire Vandergeeten
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Wendy Bakeman
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Carmen N Nichols
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Pokrath Hansasuta
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Eugene Kroon
- SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thep Chalermchai
- SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert O'Connell
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jerome Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Centre de Recherche Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,SEARCH, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. .,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fromentin R, Massanella M, Vandergeeten C, Barton K, Hiener B, Chiu W, Looney D, Ramgopal M, Richman D, Trautmann L, Palmer S, Chomont N. In vivo massive expansion of a T-cell clone carrying a defective HIV genome: implication for the measurement of the HIV reservoir. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
35
|
Lima N, Huang S, Blackmore S, Garland A, Chan D, Truong R, Robb M, Michael N, Jones R, Trautmann L. Functional profiling of HIV-specific CTL clonotypes and their ability to reduce HIV reservoir. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
36
|
Kessing C, Nixon C, Li C, Tsai P, Takata H, Mousseau G, Ho P, Honeycutt J, Fallahi M, Trautmann L, Garcia J, Valente S. In vivo suppression of HIV rebound by didehydro-Cortistatin A, a ‘block-and-lock’ strategy for HIV-1 cure. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
37
|
Muir R, Metcalf T, Tardif V, Takata H, Phanuphak N, Kroon E, Colby DJ, Trichavaroj R, Valcour V, Robb ML, Michael NL, Ananworanich J, Trautmann L, Haddad EK. Altered Memory Circulating T Follicular Helper-B Cell Interaction in Early Acute HIV Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005777. [PMID: 27463374 PMCID: PMC4963136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The RV254 cohort of HIV-infected very early acute (4thG stage 1 and 2) (stage 1/2) and late acute (4thG stage 3) (stage 3) individuals was used to study T helper- B cell responses in acute HIV infection and the impact of early antiretroviral treatment (ART) on T and B cell function. To investigate this, the function of circulating T follicular helper cells (cTfh) from this cohort was examined, and cTfh and memory B cell populations were phenotyped. Impaired cTfh cell function was observed in individuals treated in stage 3 when compared to stage 1/2. The cTfh/B cell cocultures showed lower B cell survival and IgG secretion at stage 3 compared to stage 1/2. This coincided with lower IL-10 and increased RANTES and TNF-α suggesting a role for inflammation in altering cTfh and B cell responses. Elevated plasma viral load in stage 3 was found to correlate with decreased cTfh-mediated B cell IgG production indicating a role for increased viremia in cTfh impairment and dysfunctional humoral response. Phenotypic perturbations were also evident in the mature B cell compartment, most notably a decrease in resting memory B cells in stage 3 compared to stage 1/2, coinciding with higher viremia. Our coculture assay also suggested that intrinsic memory B cell defects could contribute to the impaired response despite at a lower level. Overall, cTfh-mediated B cell responses are significantly altered in stage 3 compared to stage 1/2, coinciding with increased inflammation and a reduction in memory B cells. These data suggest that early ART for acutely HIV infected individuals could prevent immune dysregulation while preserving cTfh function and B cell memory. The HIV-specific T cell memory response diminishes rapidly even after the initiation of anti-retroviral treatment (ART), and there is no control of viral rebound if treatment is interrupted. Restoration or preservation of memory T cells or B cells with treatment, to allow for control of virus replication after ART is stopped, is therefore very important. CD4+ T cells, in particular T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, have a major role in mediating antiviral immunity by providing help to B cells, which is key to a strong and efficient anti-HIV antibody response. The unique RV254 cohort provided the best setting to analyze immune responses during very early acute HIV, as the study was able to enroll individuals that were infected for less than 2 weeks and initiated treatment approximately 1–2 days after recruitment. We aimed to study the capacity of memory circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells to promote B cell help in acute HIV infection, and found the interaction to be dysfunctional in the later stage compared to the very early stages, accompanied by increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and a reduction in regulatory cytokines. High levels of plasma viremia correlated with low cTfh-mediated B cell antibody production in later stage acute individuals; and memory B cells were significantly decreased but could be restored with ART, compared to chronically infected individuals, who could not normalize this compartment compared to healthy individuals. Overall, we show that the cTfh- B cell interaction and B cell memory compartment is altered in late stage acute infection, mainly attributed to an increase in inflammation and skewing of the response away from helper to proinflammatory. Identifying individuals for treatment in the earliest stages of acute infection, prior to immune damage, could preserve cTfh function and the anti-HIV B cell response, therefore reducing the chances of viral rebound upon the cessation of ART.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshell Muir
- Drexel University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Talibah Metcalf
- Drexel University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Virginie Tardif
- Drexel University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Takata
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Eugene Kroon
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Donn J. Colby
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rapee Trichavaroj
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, United States Component, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Victor Valcour
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- SEARCH, the Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elias K. Haddad
- Drexel University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kroon E, Ananworanich J, Eubanks K, Intasan J, Pinyakorn S, Chomont N, Lewin S, Palmer S, Trautmann L, Yang H, Chomchey N, Phanuphak N, Cooper K, Phanuphak P, Souza M. OA3-5 LB Effect of vorinostat, hydroxychloroquine and maraviroc combination therapy on viremia following treatment interruption in individuals initiating ART during acute HIV infection. J Virus Erad 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)31017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
39
|
Cubas R, van Grevenynghe J, Wills S, Kardava L, Santich BH, Buckner CM, Muir R, Tardif V, Nichols C, Procopio F, He Z, Metcalf T, Ghneim K, Locci M, Ancuta P, Routy JP, Trautmann L, Li Y, McDermott AB, Koup RA, Petrovas C, Migueles SA, Connors M, Tomaras GD, Moir S, Crotty S, Haddad EK. Reversible Reprogramming of Circulating Memory T Follicular Helper Cell Function during Chronic HIV Infection. J Immunol 2015; 195:5625-36. [PMID: 26546609 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the overwhelming benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in curtailing viral load in HIV-infected individuals, ART does not fully restore cellular and humoral immunity. HIV-infected individuals under ART show reduced responses to vaccination and infections and are unable to mount an effective antiviral immune response upon ART cessation. Many factors contribute to these defects, including persistent inflammation, especially in lymphoid tissues, where T follicular helper (Tfh) cells instruct and help B cells launch an effective humoral immune response. In this study we investigated the phenotype and function of circulating memory Tfh cells as a surrogate of Tfh cells in lymph nodes and found significant impairment of this cell population in chronically HIV-infected individuals, leading to reduced B cell responses. We further show that these aberrant memory Tfh cells exhibit an IL-2-responsive gene signature and are more polarized toward a Th1 phenotype. Treatment of functional memory Tfh cells with IL-2 was able to recapitulate the detrimental reprogramming. Importantly, this defect was reversible, as interfering with the IL-2 signaling pathway helped reverse the abnormal differentiation and improved Ab responses. Thus, reversible reprogramming of memory Tfh cells in HIV-infected individuals could be used to enhance Ab responses. Altered microenvironmental conditions in lymphoid tissues leading to altered Tfh cell differentiation could provide one explanation for the poor responsiveness of HIV-infected individuals to new Ags. This explanation has important implications for the development of therapeutic interventions to enhance HIV- and vaccine-mediated Ab responses in patients under ART.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cubas
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Julien van Grevenynghe
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval H7V 1B7, Quebec, Canada
| | - Saintedym Wills
- Department of Immunology and the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Lela Kardava
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Brian H Santich
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Clarisa M Buckner
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Roshell Muir
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Virginie Tardif
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Carmen Nichols
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Francesco Procopio
- Service d'Immunologie et Allergie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zhong He
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Talibah Metcalf
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Khader Ghneim
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Michela Locci
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Petronella Ancuta
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2R9, Canada; Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2R9, Canada; Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3H 2R9, Canada
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Yuxing Li
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rick A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Steven A Migueles
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mark Connors
- HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Department of Immunology and the Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Shane Crotty
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; and Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987;
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Beljanski V, Chiang C, Kirchenbaum GA, Olagnier D, Bloom CE, Wong T, Haddad EK, Trautmann L, Ross TM, Hiscott J. Enhanced Influenza Virus-Like Particle Vaccination with a Structurally Optimized RIG-I Agonist as Adjuvant. J Virol 2015; 89:10612-24. [PMID: 26269188 PMCID: PMC4580177 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01526-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The molecular interaction between viral RNA and the cytosolic sensor RIG-I represents the initial trigger in the development of an effective immune response against infection with RNA viruses, resulting in innate immune activation and subsequent induction of adaptive responses. In the present study, the adjuvant properties of a sequence-optimized 5'-triphosphate-containing RNA (5'pppRNA) RIG-I agonist (termed M8) were examined in combination with influenza virus-like particles (VLP) (M8-VLP) expressing H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) as immunogens. In combination with VLP, M8 increased the antibody response to VLP immunization, provided VLP antigen sparing, and protected mice from a lethal challenge with H5N1 influenza virus. M8-VLP immunization also led to long-term protective responses against influenza virus infection in mice. M8 adjuvantation of VLP increased endpoint and antibody titers and inhibited influenza virus replication in lungs compared with approved or experimental adjuvants alum, AddaVax, and poly(I·C). Uniquely, immunization with M8-VLP stimulated a TH1-biased CD4 T cell response, as determined by increased TH1 cytokine levels in CD4 T cells and increased IgG2 levels in sera. Collectively, these data demonstrate that a sequence-optimized, RIG-I-specific agonist is a potent adjuvant that can be utilized to increase the efficacy of influenza VLP vaccination and dramatically improve humoral and cellular mediated protective responses against influenza virus challenge. IMPORTANCE The development of novel adjuvants to increase vaccine immunogenicity is an important goal that seeks to improve vaccine efficacy and ultimately prevent infections that endanger human health. This proof-of-principle study investigated the adjuvant properties of a sequence-optimized 5'pppRNA agonist (M8) with enhanced capacity to stimulate antiviral and inflammatory gene networks using influenza virus-like particles (VLP) expressing HA and NA as immunogens. Vaccination with VLP in combination with M8 increased anti-influenza virus antibody titers and protected animals from lethal influenza virus challenge, highlighting the potential clinical use of M8 as an adjuvant in vaccine development. Altogether, the results describe a novel immunostimulatory agonist targeted to the cytosolic RIG-I sensor as an attractive vaccine adjuvant candidate that can be used to increase vaccine efficacy, a pressing issue in children and the elderly population.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- DEAD Box Protein 58
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/chemistry
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics
- DEAD-box RNA Helicases/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/chemistry
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/genetics
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunization
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neuraminidase/chemistry
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Neuraminidase/immunology
- Oligoribonucleotides/administration & dosage
- Oligoribonucleotides/genetics
- Oligoribonucleotides/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/mortality
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Survival Analysis
- Th1-Th2 Balance/drug effects
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Beljanski
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Cindy Chiang
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Greg A Kirchenbaum
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - David Olagnier
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Chalise E Bloom
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Terianne Wong
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - John Hiscott
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chiang C, Beljanski V, Yin K, Olagnier D, Ben Yebdri F, Steel C, Goulet ML, DeFilippis VR, Streblow DN, Haddad EK, Trautmann L, Ross T, Lin R, Hiscott J. Sequence-Specific Modifications Enhance the Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Response Activated by RIG-I Agonists. J Virol 2015; 89:8011-25. [PMID: 26018150 PMCID: PMC4505665 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00845-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The cytosolic RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I) receptor plays a pivotal role in the initiation of the immune response against RNA virus infection by recognizing short 5'-triphosphate (5'ppp)-containing viral RNA and activating the host antiviral innate response. In the present study, we generated novel 5'ppp RIG-I agonists of varieous lengths, structures, and sequences and evaluated the generation of the antiviral and inflammatory responses in human epithelial A549 cells, human innate immune primary cells, and murine models of influenza and chikungunya viral pathogenesis. A 99-nucleotide, uridine-rich hairpin 5'pppRNA termed M8 stimulated an extensive and robust interferon response compared to other modified 5'pppRNA structures, RIG-I aptamers, or poly(I·C). Interestingly, manipulation of the primary RNA sequence alone was sufficient to modulate antiviral activity and inflammatory response, in a manner dependent exclusively on RIG-I and independent of MDA5 and TLR3. Both prophylactic and therapeutic administration of M8 effectively inhibited influenza virus and dengue virus replication in vitro. Furthermore, multiple strains of influenza virus that were resistant to oseltamivir, an FDA-approved therapeutic treatment for influenza, were highly sensitive to inhibition by M8. Finally, prophylactic M8 treatment in vivo prolonged survival and reduced lung viral titers of mice challenged with influenza virus, as well as reducing chikungunya virus-associated foot swelling and viral load. Altogether, these results demonstrate that 5'pppRNA can be rationally designed to achieve a maximal RIG-I-mediated protective antiviral response against human-pathogenic RNA viruses. IMPORTANCE The development of novel therapeutics to treat human-pathogenic RNA viral infections is an important goal to reduce spread of infection and to improve human health and safety. This study investigated the design of an RNA agonist with enhanced antiviral and inflammatory properties against influenza, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. A novel, sequence-dependent, uridine-rich RIG-I agonist generated a protective antiviral response in vitro and in vivo and was effective at concentrations 100-fold lower than prototype sequences or other RNA agonists, highlighting the robust activity and potential clinical use of the 5'pppRNA against RNA virus infection. Altogether, the results identify a novel, sequence-specific RIG-I agonist as an attractive therapeutic candidate for the treatment of a broad range of RNA viruses, a pressing issue in which a need for new and more effective options persists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Chiang
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Vladimir Beljanski
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin Yin
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - David Olagnier
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fethia Ben Yebdri
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Courtney Steel
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Marie-Line Goulet
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Victor R DeFilippis
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute-Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel N Streblow
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute-Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Ted Ross
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Rongtuan Lin
- Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - John Hiscott
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Muyanja E, Ssemaganda A, Ngauv P, Cubas R, Perrin H, Srinivasan D, Canderan G, Lawson B, Kopycinski J, Graham AS, Rowe DK, Smith MJ, Gaucher D, Isern S, Michael S, Silvestri G, Vanderford TH, Castro E, Pantaleo G, Singer J, Gillmour J, Kiwanuka N, Nanvubya A, Schmidt C, Birungi J, Cox J, Haddad EK, Kaleebu P, Fast P, Sekaly RP, Trautmann L. Immune activation alters cellular and humoral responses to yellow fever 17D vaccine. J Clin Invest 2014. [DOI: 10.1172/jci77956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
43
|
Muyanja E, Ssemaganda A, Ngauv P, Cubas R, Perrin H, Srinivasan D, Canderan G, Lawson B, Kopycinski J, Graham AS, Rowe DK, Smith MJ, Isern S, Michael S, Silvestri G, Vanderford TH, Castro E, Pantaleo G, Singer J, Gillmour J, Kiwanuka N, Nanvubya A, Schmidt C, Birungi J, Cox J, Haddad EK, Kaleebu P, Fast P, Sekaly RP, Trautmann L, Gaucher D. Immune activation alters cellular and humoral responses to yellow fever 17D vaccine. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:3147-58. [PMID: 24911151 DOI: 10.1172/jci75429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defining the parameters that modulate vaccine responses in African populations will be imperative to design effective vaccines for protection against HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, and dengue virus infections. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of the patient-specific immune microenvironment to the response to the licensed yellow fever vaccine 17D (YF-17D) in an African cohort. METHODS We compared responses to YF-17D in 50 volunteers in Entebbe, Uganda, and 50 volunteers in Lausanne, Switzerland. We measured the CD8+ T cell and B cell responses induced by YF-17D and correlated them with immune parameters analyzed by flow cytometry prior to vaccination. RESULTS We showed that YF-17D-induced CD8+ T cell and B cell responses were substantially lower in immunized individuals from Entebbe compared with immunized individuals from Lausanne. The impaired vaccine response in the Entebbe cohort associated with reduced YF-17D replication. Prior to vaccination, we observed higher frequencies of exhausted and activated NK cells, differentiated T and B cell subsets and proinflammatory monocytes, suggesting an activated immune microenvironment in the Entebbe volunteers. Interestingly, activation of CD8+ T cells and B cells as well as proinflammatory monocytes at baseline negatively correlated with YF-17D-neutralizing antibody titers after vaccination. Additionally, memory T and B cell responses in preimmunized volunteers exhibited reduced persistence in the Entebbe cohort but were boosted by a second vaccination. CONCLUSION Together, these results demonstrate that an activated immune microenvironment prior to vaccination impedes efficacy of the YF-17D vaccine in an African cohort and suggest that vaccine regimens may need to be boosted in African populations to achieve efficient immunity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration is not required for observational studies. FUNDING This study was funded by Canada's Global Health Research Initiative, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and United States Agency for International Development.
Collapse
|
44
|
de Armas L, George V, Steel C, Filali A, Wilkinson P, Parmigiani A, Andreansky S, Gonzalez I, Weinberg A, Cunningham C, Trautmann L, Sekaly RP, Cameron M, Pahwa S. Microarray analysis reveals novel insights into immunity to H1N1/09 influenza vaccine in aviremic HIV infected children and adolescents in IMPAACT P1088 (VIR2P.1024). The Journal of Immunology 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.75.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
HIV infected persons often exhibit poor responses to influenza vaccine despite effective HAART-mediated viral suppression. The goal of the present study was to identify gene expression profiles that characterize vaccine driven antibody responses in aviremic pediatric and adolescent HIV infected patients (4-25 yrs) given two doses of Novartis/H1N1 09 vaccine 21 days apart during the pandemic H1N1 influenza outbreak in 2009. Blood samples were collected in Paxgene tubes on days 0, 21, and 31 post-vaccination for microarray analysis. Supervised clustering analysis for contrasts between vaccine responders (R) and vaccine non-responders (NR) was performed and top pathways were ranked by Ingenuity Pathway analysis. Cutoffs for fold change (<-1.3, >1.3) and p value (0.05) were applied to assess the top upregulated and downregulated genes in pathways. Patients were segregated by age into 2 groups for analysis: 1) <12 yrs, n=16 and 2) ≥13 yrs, n=28. In group 1, R showed upregulation of genes related to cell growth and metabolism at both d0 and d21. At d21, B cell differentiation, cell survival and stress response pathways were also upregulated. In group 2, R showed upregulation of innate signaling pathways at d0, and at d21 showed reduced TNF and upregulation of genes involved in T helper differentiation and B cell signaling pathways. Our results reveal signatures of successful vaccine response in HIV infected subjects and may identify favorable targets for improved vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley de Armas
- 1Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Varghese George
- 1Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Courtney Steel
- 2Collaborative Genomics Center, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL
| | - Ali Filali
- 2Collaborative Genomics Center, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL
| | - Peter Wilkinson
- 2Collaborative Genomics Center, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL
| | | | | | - Ivan Gonzalez
- 1Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | | | | | - Lydie Trautmann
- 2Collaborative Genomics Center, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- 2Collaborative Genomics Center, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL
| | - Mark Cameron
- 2Collaborative Genomics Center, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida, Port St. Lucie, FL
| | - Savita Pahwa
- 1Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Cytolytic activity of CD8+ T cells is rarely evaluated. We describe here a new cell-based assay to measure the capacity of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells to kill CD4+ T cells loaded with their cognate peptide. Target CD4+ T cells are divided into two populations, labeled with two different concentrations of CFSE. One population is pulsed with the peptide of interest (CFSE-low) while the other remains un-pulsed (CFSE-high). Pulsed and un-pulsed CD4+ T cells are mixed at an equal ratio and incubated with an increasing number of purified CD8+ T cells. The specific killing of autologous target CD4+ T cells is analyzed by flow cytometry after coculture with CD8+ T cells containing the antigen-specific effector CD8+ T cells detected by peptide/MHCI tetramer staining. The specific lysis of target CD4+ T cells measured at different effector versus target ratios, allows for the calculation of lytic units, LU₃₀/10(6) cells. This simple and straightforward assay allows for the accurate measurement of the intrinsic capacity of CD8+ T cells to kill target CD4+ T cells.
Collapse
|
46
|
Trautmann L. Beyond surface markers with a universal cell secretion assay. Cytometry A 2012; 83:177-8. [PMID: 22997009 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Trautmann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute Florida VGTIFL, Port Saint Lucie, Florida 34987, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Trautmann L, Sekaly RP. Erratum: Solving vaccine mysteries: a systems biology perspective. Nat Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/ni0612-621a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
48
|
Janbazian L, Price DA, Canderan G, Filali-Mouhim A, Asher TE, Ambrozak DR, Scheinberg P, Boulassel MR, Routy JP, Koup RA, Douek DC, Sekaly RP, Trautmann L. Clonotype and repertoire changes drive the functional improvement of HIV-specific CD8 T cell populations under conditions of limited antigenic stimulation. J Immunol 2012; 188:1156-67. [PMID: 22210916 PMCID: PMC3262882 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Persistent exposure to cognate Ag leads to the functional impairment and exhaustion of HIV-specific CD8 T cells. Ag withdrawal, attributable either to antiretroviral treatment or the emergence of epitope escape mutations, causes HIV-specific CD8 T cell responses to wane over time. However, this process does not continue to extinction, and residual CD8 T cells likely play an important role in the control of HIV replication. In this study, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of clonality, phenotype, and function to define the characteristics of HIV-specific CD8 T cell populations that persist under conditions of limited antigenic stimulation. Ag decay was associated with dynamic changes in the TCR repertoire, increased expression of CD45RA and CD127, decreased expression of programmed death-1, and the emergence of polyfunctional HIV-specific CD8 T cells. High-definition analysis of individual clonotypes revealed that the Ag loss-induced gain of function within HIV-specific CD8 T cell populations could be attributed to two nonexclusive mechanisms: 1) functional improvement of persisting clonotypes; and 2) recruitment of particular clonotypes endowed with superior functional capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loury Janbazian
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 1P1, Canada
| | - David A. Price
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Institute of InfectionandImmunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Glenda Canderan
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute - Florida (VGTI-FL), Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Abdelali Filali-Mouhim
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 1P1, Canada
| | - Tedi E. Asher
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David R. Ambrozak
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Phillip Scheinberg
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mohamad Rachid Boulassel
- Division of Hematology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Division of Hematology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C. Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H2X 1P1, Canada
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute - Florida (VGTI-FL), Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute - Florida (VGTI-FL), Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mbitikon-Kobo FM, Bonneville M, Sekaly RP, Trautmann L. Ex vivo measurement of the cytotoxic capacity of human primary antigen-specific CD8 T cells. J Immunol Methods 2011; 375:252-7. [PMID: 21996428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The major function of CD8 T cells is to kill specifically target cells. Moreover in certain incurable diseases, antigen-specific human CD8 T cells are impaired, and assessment of their cytolytic activity could bring insights into their physiopathological role and ways to restore immune dysfunctions for immunotherapeutic purposes. Despite this, T cell cytolytic function has been seldom analyzed thoroughly in humans, due to the lack of approaches well suited for ex vivo assessment of T cell cytotoxicity. Current techniques require prior in vitro expansion of antigen-specific CD8 T cell populations and the use of immortalized cells as targets to measure the cell-mediated killing. Furthermore, bulk cytotoxic activity is frequently measured using percentage of specific lysis calculations that do not quantify actual target cell death and effector numbers at the single cell level. Here we established a new flow cytometry-based assay that allows accurate single-cell analysis of cytotoxic capacity of primary antigen-specific CD8 T cells generated in vivo in humans after antigenic exposure without in vitro amplification that can be used for specificities restricted by different HLAs as target cells are autologous cells. We show that this assay is robust, highly sensitive irrespective of the frequency of antigen-specific CD8 T cells, and allows accurate calculation of the index of cytotoxic capacity in lytic units. This new assay provides a sensitive method to measure the intrinsic cytotoxic activity of antigen-specific CD8 T cells directly ex vivo on human primary cells.
Collapse
|
50
|
Chomont N, El-Far M, Ancuta P, Trautmann L, Procopio FA, Yassine-Diab B, Boucher G, Boulassel MR, Ghattas G, Brenchley JM, Schacker TW, Hill BJ, Douek DC, Routy JP, Haddad EK, Sékaly RP. HIV reservoir size and persistence are driven by T cell survival and homeostatic proliferation. Nat Med 2009; 15:893-900. [PMID: 19543283 DOI: 10.1038/nm.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1340] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
HIV persists in a reservoir of latently infected CD4(+) T cells in individuals treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Here we identify central memory (T(CM)) and transitional memory (T(TM)) CD4(+) T cells as the major cellular reservoirs for HIV and find that viral persistence is ensured by two different mechanisms. HIV primarily persists in T(CM) cells in subjects showing reconstitution of the CD4(+) compartment upon HAART. This reservoir is maintained through T cell survival and low-level antigen-driven proliferation and is slowly depleted with time. In contrast, proviral DNA is preferentially detected in T(TM) cells from aviremic individuals with low CD4(+) counts and higher amounts of interleukin-7-mediated homeostatic proliferation, a mechanism that ensures the persistence of these cells. Our results suggest that viral eradication might be achieved through the combined use of strategic interventions targeting viral replication and, as in cancer, drugs that interfere with the self renewal and persistence of proliferating memory T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chomont
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|