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Fornieles G, Núñez MI, Expósito J. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors as Potential Prognostic Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer after Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:527. [PMID: 38203696 PMCID: PMC10778974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is among the ten most frequent tumours, with 5-year survival rates varying from 30% to 70% depending on the stage and location of the tumour. HNC is traditionally known as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), since 90% arises from epithelial cells. Metastasis remains a major cause of mortality in patients with HNSCC. HNSCC patients with metastatic disease have an extremely poor prognosis with a survival rate of less than a year. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been described as biomarkers that promote cell migration and invasion. Radiotherapy is widely used to treat HNSCC, being a determining factor in the alteration of the tumour's biology and microenvironment. This review focuses on analysing the current state of the scientific literature on this topic. Although few studies have focused on the role of these proteinases in HNC, some authors have concluded that radiotherapy alters the behaviour of MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Therefore, more research is needed to understand the roles played by MMPs and their inhibitors (TIMPs) as prognostic biomarkers in patients with HNC and their involvement in the response to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Fornieles
- Doctoral Programme in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - María Isabel Núñez
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - José Expósito
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Radiation Oncology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain
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2
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Loinard C, Benadjaoud MA, Lhomme B, Flamant S, Baijer J, Tamarat R. Inflammatory cells dynamics control neovascularization and tissue healing after localized radiation induced injury in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:571. [PMID: 37248293 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Local overexposure to ionizing radiation leads to chronic inflammation, vascular damage and cachexia. Here we investigate the kinetics of inflammatory cells from day (D)1 to D180 after mouse hindlimb irradiation and analyze the role of monocyte (Mo) subsets in tissue revascularization. At D1, we find that Mo and T cells are mobilized from spleen and bone marrow to the blood. New vessel formation during early phase, as demonstrated by ~1.4- and 2-fold increased angiographic score and capillary density, respectively, correlates with an increase of circulating T cells, and Mohi and type 1-like macrophages in irradiated muscle. At D90 vascular rarefaction and cachexia are observed, associated with decreased numbers of circulating Molo and Type 2-like macrophages in irradiated tissue. Moreover, CCR2- and CX3CR1-deficency negatively influences neovascularization. However adoptive transfer of Mohi enhances vessel growth. Our data demonstrate the radiation-induced dynamic inflammatory waves and the major role of inflammatory cells in neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Loinard
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | | | - Bruno Lhomme
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stéphane Flamant
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Radia Tamarat
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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3
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Wang Q, Wang K, Tan X, Li Z, Wang H. Immunomodulatory role of metalloproteases in cancers: Current progress and future trends. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1064033. [PMID: 36591235 PMCID: PMC9800621 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1064033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloproteinases (MPs) is a large family of proteinases with metal ions in their active centers. According to the different domains metalloproteinases can be divided into a variety of subtypes mainly including Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), A Disintegrin and Metalloproteases (ADAMs) and ADAMs with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS). They have various functions such as protein hydrolysis, cell adhesion and remodeling of extracellular matrix. Metalloproteinases expressed in multiple types of cancers and participate in many pathological processes involving tumor genesis and development, invasion and metastasis by regulating signal transduction and tumor microenvironment. In this review, based on the current research progress, we summarized the structure of MPs, their expression and especially immunomodulatory role and mechanisms in cancers. Additionally, a relevant and timely update of recent advances and future directions were provided for the diagnosis and immunotherapy targeting MPs in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Tan
- Department of Oncology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Zhenxiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Zhenxiang Li, ; Haiyong Wang,
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Zhenxiang Li, ; Haiyong Wang,
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4
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Nadine S, Correia CR, Mano JF. Engineering immunomodulatory hydrogels and cell-laden systems towards bone regeneration. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213058. [PMID: 35933955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The well-known synergetic interplay between the skeletal and immune systems has changed the design of advanced bone tissue engineering strategies. The immune system is essential during the bone lifetime, with macrophages playing multiple roles in bone healing and biomaterial integration. If in the past, the most valuable aspect of implants was to avoid immune responses of the host, nowadays, it is well-established how important are the crosstalks between immune cells and bone-engineered niches for an efficient regenerative process to occur. For that, it is essential to recapitulate the multiphenotypic cellular environment of bone tissue when designing new approaches. Indeed, the lack of osteoimmunomodulatory knowledge may be the explanation for the poor translation of biomaterials into clinical practice. Thus, smarter hydrogels incorporating immunomodulatory bioactive factors, stem cells, and immune cells are being proposed to develop a new generation of bone tissue engineering strategies. This review highlights the power of immune cells to upgrade the development of innovative engineered strategies, mainly focusing on orthopaedic and dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nadine
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Clara R Correia
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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5
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de Almeida LGN, Thode H, Eslambolchi Y, Chopra S, Young D, Gill S, Devel L, Dufour A. Matrix Metalloproteinases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:712-768. [PMID: 35738680 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) was discovered in 1962 from the tail of a tadpole by its ability to degrade collagen. As their name suggests, matrix metalloproteinases are proteases capable of remodeling the extracellular matrix. More recently, MMPs have been demonstrated to play numerous additional biologic roles in cell signaling, immune regulation, and transcriptional control, all of which are unrelated to the degradation of the extracellular matrix. In this review, we will present milestones and major discoveries of MMP research, including various clinical trials for the use of MMP inhibitors. We will discuss the reasons behind the failures of most MMP inhibitors for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. There are still misconceptions about the pathophysiological roles of MMPs and the best strategies to inhibit their detrimental functions. This review aims to discuss MMPs in preclinical models and human pathologies. We will discuss new biochemical tools to track their proteolytic activity in vivo and ex vivo, in addition to future pharmacological alternatives to inhibit their detrimental functions in diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in most inflammatory, autoimmune, cancers, and pathogen-mediated diseases. Initially overlooked, MMP contributions can be both beneficial and detrimental in disease progression and resolution. Thousands of MMP substrates have been suggested, and a few hundred have been validated. After more than 60 years of MMP research, there remain intriguing enigmas to solve regarding their biological functions in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz G N de Almeida
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Hayley Thode
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Yekta Eslambolchi
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Sameeksha Chopra
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Daniel Young
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Sean Gill
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Laurent Devel
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (L.G.N.d.A., Y.E., S.C., D.Y., A.D.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada (S.G., H.T.); and Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Medicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Gif-sur-Yvette, France (L.D.)
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6
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Karimipour M, Farjah GH, Hassanzadeh M, Zirak Javanmard M. Post-treatment with metformin improves random skin flap survival through promoting angiogenesis in rats. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2022; 13:233-239. [PMID: 35919859 PMCID: PMC9340296 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2020.124592.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Skin flap necrosis has been remained as an unsolved problem in plastic and reconstructive surgeries. Here, we explored the effects of metformin post-treatment on random skin flap survival in rats. An 8.00 × 2.00 cm dorsal skin flap was created in 24 rats and they were then divided into three groups (n = 8) including Control, metformin (Met) 50.00 mg kg-1 and Met 100 mg kg-1. All animals were administrated orally until seven days after flap surgery. Flap survival, the number of blood vessels and mast cells in the flap tissues were analyzed. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels in flap tissues was also determined using immunohistochemical methods. The percentage of survival area in Met 50.00 mg kg-1 and Met 100 mg kg-1 groups were significantly higher compared to control. The blood vessel density and the VEGF positive cells in the viable areas of flaps showed a significant increase in Met 50.00 mg kg-1 group compared to control group. The results of this study suggested that treatment with metformin, especially with low dose following skin flap surgery was effective in improving the flap survival and increasing the neovascularization in the flaps tissues of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Karimipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Gholam hossein Farjah
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; ,Neurosciences Research Center, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Correspondence Gholam hossein Farjah. PhD, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Neurosciences Research Center, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Morteza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;
| | - Masoumeh Zirak Javanmard
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;
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7
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Qiao L, Chen Y, Liang N, Xie J, Deng G, Chen F, Wang X, Liu F, Li Y, Zhang J. Targeting Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Radioresistance: Crosslinked Mechanisms and Strategies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:775238. [PMID: 35251963 PMCID: PMC8888452 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.775238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy exerts a crucial role in curing cancer, however, its treatment efficiency is mostly limited due to the presence of radioresistance. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process that endows the cancer cells with invasive and metastatic properties, as well as radioresistance. Many potential mechanisms of EMT-related radioresistance being reported have broaden our cognition, and hint us the importance of an overall understanding of the relationship between EMT and radioresistance. This review focuses on the recent progresses involved in EMT-related mechanisms in regulating radioresistance, irradiation-mediated EMT program, and the intervention strategies to increase tumor radiosensitivity, in order to improve radiotherapy efficiency and clinical outcomes of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Qiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guodong Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fangjie Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengjun Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yupeng Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China.,Department of Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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8
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Müller-Seubert W, Ostermaier P, Horch RE, Distel L, Frey B, Cai A, Arkudas A. Intra- and Early Postoperative Evaluation of Malperfused Areas in an Irradiated Random Pattern Skin Flap Model Using Indocyanine Green Angiography and Near-Infrared Reflectance-Based Imaging and Infrared Thermography. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020237. [PMID: 35207725 PMCID: PMC8880010 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Assessment of tissue perfusion after irradiation of random pattern flaps still remains a challenge. Methods: Twenty-five rats received harvesting of bilateral random pattern fasciocutaneous flaps. Group 1 served as nonirradiated control group. The right flaps of the groups 2–5 were irradiated with 20 Gy postoperatively (group 2), 3 × 12 Gy postoperatively (group 3), 20 Gy preoperatively (group 4) and 3 × 12 Gy preoperatively (group 5). Imaging with infrared thermography, indocyanine green angiography and near-infrared reflectance-based imaging were performed to detect necrotic areas of the flaps. Results: Analysis of the percentage of the necrotic area of the irradiated flaps showed a statistically significant increase from day 1 to 14 only in group 5 (p < 0.05). Indocyanine green angiography showed no differences (p > 0.05) of the percentage of the nonperfused area between all days in group 1 and 3, but a decrease in group 2 in both the left and the right flaps. Infrared thermography and near-infrared reflectance-based imaging did not show evaluable differences. Conclusion: Indocyanine green angiography is more precise in prediction of necrotic areas in random pattern skin flaps when compared to hyperspectral imaging, thermography or clinical impression. Preoperative fractional irradiation with a lower individual dose but a higher total dose has a more negative impact on flap perfusion compared to higher single stage irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wibke Müller-Seubert
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg FAU, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.O.); (R.E.H.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-33296; Fax: +49-9131-85-39327
| | - Patrick Ostermaier
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg FAU, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.O.); (R.E.H.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Raymund E. Horch
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg FAU, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.O.); (R.E.H.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Luitpold Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg FAU, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg FAU, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Aijia Cai
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg FAU, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.O.); (R.E.H.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg FAU, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (P.O.); (R.E.H.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
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9
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Mast Cell–Tumor Interactions: Molecular Mechanisms of Recruitment, Intratumoral Communication and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Tumor Growth. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030349. [PMID: 35159157 PMCID: PMC8834237 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are tissue-resident immune cells that are important players in diseases associated with chronic inflammation such as cancer. Since MCs can infiltrate solid tumors and promote or limit tumor growth, a possible polarization of MCs to pro-tumoral or anti-tumoral phenotypes has been proposed and remains as a challenging research field. Here, we review the recent evidence regarding the complex relationship between MCs and tumor cells. In particular, we consider: (1) the multifaceted role of MCs on tumor growth suggested by histological analysis of tumor biopsies and studies performed in MC-deficient animal models; (2) the signaling pathways triggered by tumor-derived chemotactic mediators and bioactive lipids that promote MC migration and modulate their function inside tumors; (3) the possible phenotypic changes on MCs triggered by prevalent conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as hypoxia; (4) the signaling pathways that specifically lead to the production of angiogenic factors, mainly VEGF; and (5) the possible role of MCs on tumor fibrosis and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the novel literature on the molecular mechanisms potentially related to phenotypic changes that MCs undergo into the TME and some therapeutic strategies targeting MC activation to limit tumor growth.
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10
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Ionizing Radiation-Induced Brain Cell Aging and the Potential Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123570. [PMID: 34944078 PMCID: PMC8700624 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Population aging is occurring rapidly worldwide, challenging the global economy and healthcare services. Brain aging is a significant contributor to various age-related neurological and neuropsychological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Several extrinsic factors, such as exposure to ionizing radiation, can accelerate senescence. Multiple human and animal studies have reported that exposure to ionizing radiation can have varied effects on organ aging and lead to the prolongation or shortening of life span depending on the radiation dose or dose rate. This paper reviews the effects of radiation on the aging of different types of brain cells, including neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and cerebral endothelial cells. Further, the relevant molecular mechanisms are discussed. Overall, this review highlights how radiation-induced senescence in different cell types may lead to brain aging, which could result in the development of various neurological and neuropsychological disorders. Therefore, treatment targeting radiation-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation may prevent radiation-induced brain aging and the neurological and neuropsychological disorders it may cause.
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11
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DUOX2, a New Biomarker for Disseminated Gastric Cancer's Response to Low Dose Radiation in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164186. [PMID: 34439340 PMCID: PMC8392330 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options are rather limited for gastrointestinal cancer patients whose disease has disseminated into the intra-abdominal cavity. Here, we designed pre-clinical studies to evaluate the potential application of chemopotentiation by Low Dose Fractionated Radiation Therapy (LDFRT) for disseminated gastric cancer and evaluate the role of a likely biomarker, Dual Oxidase 2 (DUOX2). Nude mice were injected orthotopically with human gastric cancer cells expressing endogenous or reduced levels of DUOX2 and randomly assigned to four treatment groups: 1; vehicle alone, 2; modified regimen of docetaxel, cisplatin and 5'-fluorouracil (mDCF) for three consecutive days, 3; Low Dose- Whole Abdomen Radiation Therapy (LD-WART) (5 fractions of 0.15 Gy in three days), 4; mDCF and LD-WART. The combined regimen increased the odds of preventing cancer dissemination (mDCF + LD-WART OR = 4.16; 80% CI = 1.0, 17.29) in the DUOX2 positive tumors, while tumors expressing lower DUOX2 levels were more responsive to mDCF alone with no added benefit from LD-WART. The molecular mechanisms underlying DUOX2 effects in response to the combined regimen include NF-κB upregulation. These data are particularly important since our study indicates that about 33% of human stomach adenocarcinoma do not express DUOX2. DUOX2 thus seems a likely biomarker for potential clinical application of chemopotentiation by LD-WART.
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12
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Babaei-Jadidi R, Dongre A, Miller S, Castellanos Uribe M, Stewart ID, Thompson ZM, Nateri AS, Bradding P, May ST, Clements D, Johnson SR. Mast-Cell Tryptase Release Contributes to Disease Progression in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:431-444. [PMID: 33882264 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202007-2854oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a multisystem disease that causes lung cysts and respiratory failure. Loss of TSC (tuberous sclerosis complex) gene function results in a clone of "LAM cells" with dysregulated mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) activity. LAM cells and fibroblasts form lung nodules that also contain mast cells, although their significance is unknown. Objectives: To understand the mechanism of mast-cell accumulation and the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of LAM. Methods: Gene expression was examined using transcriptional profiling and qRT-PCR. Mast cell/LAM nodule interactions were examined in vitro using spheroid TSC2-null cell/fibroblast cocultures and in vivo using an immunocompetent Tsc2-null murine homograft model. Measurements and Main Results: LAM-derived cell/fibroblast cocultures induced multiple CXC chemokines in fibroblasts. LAM lungs had increased tryptase-positive mast cells expressing CXCRs (CXC chemokine receptors) (P < 0.05). Mast cells located around the periphery of LAM nodules were positively associated with the rate of lung function loss (P = 0.016). LAM spheroids attracted mast cells, and this process was inhibited by pharmacologic and CRISPR/cas9 inhibition of CXCR1 and CXCR2. LAM spheroids caused mast-cell tryptase release, which induced fibroblast proliferation and increased LAM-spheroid size (1.36 ± 0.24-fold; P = 0.0019). The tryptase inhibitor APC366 and sodium cromoglycate (SCG) inhibited mast cell-induced spheroid growth. In vivo, SCG reduced mast-cell activation and Tsc2-null lung tumor burden (vehicle: 32.5.3% ± 23.6%; SCG: 5.5% ± 4.3%; P = 0.0035). Conclusions: LAM-cell/fibroblast interactions attract mast cells where tryptase release contributes to disease progression. Repurposing SCG for use in LAM should be studied as an alternative or adjunct to mTOR inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Babaei-Jadidi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute
| | - Arundhati Dongre
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute
| | - Suzanne Miller
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute
| | | | - Ian D Stewart
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute
| | - Zoe M Thompson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute
| | - Abdolrahman S Nateri
- Cancer Genetics & Stem Cell Group, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Bradding
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Respiratory Theme, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sean T May
- Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre, and
| | - Debbie Clements
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute
| | - Simon R Johnson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre and Biodiscovery Institute.,National Centre for Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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13
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Abstract
Historically, understanding of the human mast cell (MC) compartment has lagged behind the appreciation of other cell lineages. MCs exist in vascularised tissues but do not under normal circumstances circulate in blood, and there has been no pharmacological agent identified that totally and selectively inhibits human MC function. There are no substantiated accounts of an apparently healthy individual who is severely lacking in MCs. Thus, some of the approaches employed to understand the function of a specific immune cell are not available to the MC biologist. The disease categories that have provided the greatest insight into MC biology have been monoclonal and IgE-mediated MC disorders. This has led to the categorisation of MC diseases as intrinsic or extrinsic to the MC compartment and to the recognition of the role of mediators in MC activation disorders. Mastocytosis as a clonal disorder not only impacts the MC compartment through changes intrinsic to the MC, but also by the effects of episodes of significant release of MC mediators. The availability of newer therapeutic approaches developed to treat monoclonal MC disorders offer insights into how to more selectively approach management of MC centric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody C Carter
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dean D Metcalfe
- Mast Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Jiménez M, Cervantes-García D, Córdova-Dávalos LE, Pérez-Rodríguez MJ, Gonzalez-Espinosa C, Salinas E. Responses of Mast Cells to Pathogens: Beneficial and Detrimental Roles. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685865. [PMID: 34211473 PMCID: PMC8240065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are strategically located in tissues close to the external environment, being one of the first immune cells to interact with invading pathogens. They are long living effector cells equipped with different receptors that allow microbial recognition. Once activated, MCs release numerous biologically active mediators in the site of pathogen contact, which induce vascular endothelium modification, inflammation development and extracellular matrix remodeling. Efficient and direct antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs involve phagocytosis with oxidative and non-oxidative microbial destruction, extracellular trap formation, and the release of antimicrobial substances. MCs also contribute to host defense through the attraction and activation of phagocytic and inflammatory cells, shaping the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, as part of their response to pathogens and under an impaired, sustained, or systemic activation, MCs may contribute to tissue damage. This review will focus on the current knowledge about direct and indirect contribution of MCs to pathogen clearance. Antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs are addressed with special attention to signaling pathways involved and molecular weapons implicated. The role of MCs in a dysregulated host response that can increase morbidity and mortality is also reviewed and discussed, highlighting the complexity of MCs biology in the context of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Jiménez
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cervantes-García
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.,Cátedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura E Córdova-Dávalos
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Marian Jesabel Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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15
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Voss M, Kotrba J, Gaffal E, Katsoulis-Dimitriou K, Dudeck A. Mast Cells in the Skin: Defenders of Integrity or Offenders in Inflammation? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094589. [PMID: 33925601 PMCID: PMC8123885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are best-known as key effector cells of immediate-type allergic reactions that may even culminate in life-threatening anaphylactic shock syndromes. However, strategically positioned at the host–environment interfaces and equipped with a plethora of receptors, MCs also play an important role in the first-line defense against pathogens. Their main characteristic, the huge amount of preformed proinflammatory mediators embedded in secretory granules, allows for a rapid response and initiation of further immune effector cell recruitment. The same mechanism, however, may account for detrimental overshooting responses. MCs are not only detrimental in MC-driven diseases but also responsible for disease exacerbation in other inflammatory disorders. Focusing on the skin as the largest immune organ, we herein review both beneficial and detrimental functions of skin MCs, from skin barrier integrity via host defense mechanisms to MC-driven inflammatory skin disorders. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of IgE-independent pathways of MC activation and their role in sustained chronic skin inflammation and disease exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Voss
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Johanna Kotrba
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Evelyn Gaffal
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Konstantinos Katsoulis-Dimitriou
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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16
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Heissig B, Salama Y, Osada T, Okumura K, Hattori K. The Multifaceted Role of Plasminogen in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052304. [PMID: 33669052 PMCID: PMC7956603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrinolytic factors like plasminogen, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) dissolve clots. Though mere extracellular-matrix-degrading enzymes, fibrinolytic factors interfere with many processes during primary cancer growth and metastasis. Their many receptors give them access to cellular functions that tumor cells have widely exploited to promote tumor cell survival, growth, and metastatic abilities. They give cancer cells tools to ensure their own survival by interfering with the signaling pathways involved in senescence, anoikis, and autophagy. They can also directly promote primary tumor growth and metastasis, and endow tumor cells with mechanisms to evade myelosuppression, thus acquiring drug resistance. In this review, recent studies on the role fibrinolytic factors play in metastasis and controlling cell-death-associated processes are presented, along with studies that describe how cancer cells have exploited plasminogen receptors to escape myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Heissig
- Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3813-3111
| | - Yousef Salama
- An-Najah Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine;
| | - Taro Osada
- Department of Gastroenterology Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu-shi, Chiba 279-0021, Japan;
| | - Ko Okumura
- Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Koichi Hattori
- Center for Genomic & Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
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17
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Im JH, Buzzelli JN, Jones K, Franchini F, Gordon-Weeks A, Markelc B, Chen J, Kim J, Cao Y, Muschel RJ. FGF2 alters macrophage polarization, tumour immunity and growth and can be targeted during radiotherapy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4064. [PMID: 32792542 PMCID: PMC7426415 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of the programming of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) controls tumour growth and anti-tumour immunity. We examined the role of FGF2 in that regulation. Tumours in mice genetically deficient in low-molecular weight FGF2 (FGF2LMW) regress dependent on T cells. Yet, TAMS not T cells express FGF receptors. Bone marrow derived-macrophages from Fgf2LMW−/− mice co-injected with cancer cells reduce tumour growth and express more inflammatory cytokines. FGF2 is induced in the tumour microenvironment following fractionated radiation in murine tumours consistent with clinical reports. Combination treatment of in vivo tumours with fractionated radiation and a blocking antibody to FGF2 prolongs tumour growth delay, increases long-term survival and leads to a higher iNOS+/CD206+ TAM ratio compared to irradiation alone. These studies show for the first time that FGF2 affects macrophage programming and is a critical regulator of immunity in the tumour microenvironment. Macrophages contribute to tumour progression and response to therapy. Here, the authors show that absence of FGF2 in the tumour microenvironment reduces tumour growth and enhances the anti-tumour immune response by altering macrophage polarization. As a result, disruption of this macrophage programming by anti-FGF2 blocking antibodies enhances the outcome from radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hong Im
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jon N Buzzelli
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Keaton Jones
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Fanny Franchini
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Alex Gordon-Weeks
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jianzhou Chen
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jin Kim
- Galaxy Biotech, 1230 Bordeaux Dr, Sunnyvale, CA, 94089, USA
| | - Yunhong Cao
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Ruth J Muschel
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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18
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Brachytherapy in a Single Dose of 10Gy as an "in situ" Vaccination. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134585. [PMID: 32605154 PMCID: PMC7369911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the major methods of cancer treatment. RT destroys cancer cells, but also affects the tumor microenvironment (TME). The delicate balance between immunomodulation processes in TME is dependent, among other things, on a specific radiation dose. Despite many studies, the optimal dose has not been clearly determined. Here, we demonstrate that brachytherapy (contact radiotherapy) inhibits melanoma tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner. Doses of 10Gy and 15Gy cause the most effective tumor growth inhibition compared to the control group. Brachytherapy, at a single dose of ≥ 5Gy, resulted in reduced tumor blood vessel density. Only a dose of 10Gy had the greatest impact on changes in the levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. It most effectively reduced the accumulation of protumorogenic M2 tumor-associated macrophages and increased the infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes. To summarize, more knowledge about the effects of irradiation doses in anticancer therapy is needed. It may help in the optimization of RT treatment. Our results indicate that a single dose of 10Gy leads to the development of a robust immune response. It seems that it is able to convert a tumor microenvironment into an “in situ” vaccine and lead to a significant inhibition of tumor growth.
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19
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Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Modulates Microglia Phenotypes in the Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124532. [PMID: 32630597 PMCID: PMC7353052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. AD involves major pathologies such as amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. During the progression of AD, microglia can be polarized from anti-inflammatory M2 to pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype. The activation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) may result in microglia phenotype switching from M1 to M2, which finally attenuated Aβ deposition and memory loss in AD. Low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) is known to ameliorate Aβ pathology and cognitive deficits in AD; however, the therapeutic mechanisms of LDIR against AD-related pathology have been little studied. First, we reconfirm that LDIR (two Gy per fraction for five times)-treated six-month 5XFAD mice exhibited (1) the reduction of Aβ deposition, as reflected by thioflavins S staining, and (2) the improvement of cognitive deficits, as revealed by Morris water maze test, compared to sham-exposed 5XFAD mice. To elucidate the mechanisms of LDIR-induced inhibition of Aβ accumulation and memory loss in AD, we examined whether LDIR regulates the microglial phenotype through the examination of levels of M1 and M2 cytokines in 5XFAD mice. In addition, we investigated the direct effects of LDIR on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production and secretion of M1/M2 cytokines in the BV-2 microglial cells. In the LPS- and LDIR-treated BV-2 cells, the M2 phenotypic marker CD206 was significantly increased, compared with LPS- and sham-treated BV-2 cells. Finally, the effect of LDIR on M2 polarization was confirmed by detection of increased expression of TREM2 in LPS-induced BV2 cells. These results suggest that LDIR directly induced phenotype switching from M1 to M2 in the brain with AD. Taken together, our results indicated that LDIR modulates LPS- and Aβ-induced neuroinflammation by promoting M2 polarization via TREM2 expression, and has beneficial effects in the AD-related pathology such as Aβ deposition and memory loss.
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20
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van den Berg J, Castricum KCM, Meel MH, Goedegebuure RSA, Lagerwaard FJ, Slotman BJ, Hulleman E, Thijssen VLJL. Development of transient radioresistance during fractionated irradiation in vitro. Radiother Oncol 2020; 148:107-114. [PMID: 32344261 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Effective combination treatments with fractionated radiotherapy rely on a proper understanding of the dynamic responses that occur during treatment. We explored the effect of clinical fractionated radiotherapy on the development and timing of radioresistance in tumor cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS Different colon (HT29/HCT116/COLO320/SW480/RKO) and high-grade astrocytoma (D384/U-251MG) cancer cell lines were treated for 6 weeks with daily fractions of 2 Gy, 5 days per week. Clonogenic survival was determined throughout the treatment period. In addition, the radiosensitivity of irradiated and non-irradiated was compared. Finally, the effect of different dose fractions on the development of radioresistance was determined. RESULTS All cell lines developed radioresistance within 2-3 weeks during fractionated radiotherapy. This was characterized by the occurrence of a steady state phase of clonogenic survival. In U-251MG cells this was accompanied by increased cell senescence and stemness. After recovering from six weeks of treatment, the radiosensitivity of fractionally irradiated and non-irradiated cells was similar. Including transient radioresistance, described as (α/β)-(d+1), as a factor in the classic LQ model resulted in a perfect fit with the experimental data observed during fractionated radiotherapy. This was confirmed when different dose fractions were applied. CONCLUSIONS Fractionated irradiation of cancer cells in vitro following clinical radiation schedules induces a reversible radioresistance response. This adaptive response can be included in the LQ model as a function of the dose fraction and the alpha/beta-ratio of a given cell line. These findings warrant further investigation of the mechanisms and clinical relevance of adaptive radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap van den Berg
- Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kitty C M Castricum
- Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michaël H Meel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben S A Goedegebuure
- Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Lagerwaard
- Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben J Slotman
- Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Victor L J L Thijssen
- Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Wen P, Gao Y, Chen B, Qi X, Hu G, Xu A, Xia J, Wu L, Lu H, Zhao G. Pan-Cancer Analysis of Radiotherapy Benefits and Immune Infiltration in Multiple Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040957. [PMID: 32294976 PMCID: PMC7226004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Response to radiotherapy (RT) in cancers varies widely among patients. Therefore, it is very important to predict who will benefit from RT before clinical treatment. Consideration of the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) could provide novel insight into tumor treatment options. In this study, we investigated the link between immune infiltration status and clinical RT outcome in order to identify certain leukocyte subsets that could potentially influence the clinical RT benefit across cancers. By integrally analyzing the TCGA data across seven cancers, we identified complex associations between immune infiltration and patients RT outcomes. Besides, immune cells showed large differences in their populations in various cancers, and the most abundant cells were resting memory CD4 T cells. Additionally, the proportion of activated CD4 memory T cells and activated mast cells, albeit at low number, were closely related to RT overall survival in multiple cancers. Furthermore, a prognostic model for RT outcomes was established with good performance based on the immune infiltration status. Summarized, immune infiltration was found to be of significant clinical relevance to RT outcomes. These findings may help to shed light on the impact of tumor-associated immune cell infiltration on cancer RT outcomes, and identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Wen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaojing Qi
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guanshuo Hu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - An Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Junfeng Xia
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China;
| | - Lijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Huayi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (G.Z.)
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22
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Jabbari N, Nawaz M, Rezaie J. Bystander effects of ionizing radiation: conditioned media from X-ray irradiated MCF-7 cells increases the angiogenic ability of endothelial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:165. [PMID: 31842899 PMCID: PMC6912994 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-targeting effects of radiotherapy have become as clinical concern due to secondary tumorigenesis in the patients receiving radiotherapy. Radiotherapy also affects non-tumoral cells present in the tumor microenvironment and surrounding tissues. As such, the irradiated cells are thought to communicate the signals that promote secondary tumorigenesis by affecting the function and fate of non-irradiated cells in the vicinity including endothelial cells. This may include up-regulation of genes in irradiated cells, secretion of paracrine factors and induction of gene expression in surrounding non-irradiated cells, which favor cell survival and secondary tumorigenesis. In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether the conditioned media from X-ray irradiated MCF-7 cells contribute to induction of gene expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and modulate their angiogenic capability and migration. METHODS Following the co-culturing of X-ray irradiated MCF-7 media with HUVECs, the migration and wound healing rate of HUVECs was monitored using Transwell plate and scratch wound healing assay, respectively. The levels of angiogenic protein i.e. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) in the conditioned media of MCF-7 cells was measured using ELISA. Additionally, we quantified mRNA levels of VEGFR-2, HSP-70, Ang-2, and Ang-1 genes in HUVECs by real time-PCR. Tubulogenesis capacity of endothelial cells was measured by growth factor reduced Matrigel matrix, whereas expression of CD34 (a marker of angiogenic tip cells) was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS Data showed that VEGF-A protein content of conditioned media of irradiated MCF-7 cells was increased (P < 0.05) with increase in dose. Data showed that irradiated conditioned media from MCF-7 cells, when incubated with HUVECs, significantly enhanced the cell migration and wound healing rate of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of VEGFR-2, HSP-70, Ang-2, and Ang-1 were dose-dependently enhanced in HUVECs incubated with irradiated conditioned media (P < 0.05). Importantly, HUVECs treated with irradiated conditioned media showed a marked increase in the tube formation capability as well as in expression of CD34 marker (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that conditioned media from irradiated MCF-7 cells induce angiogenic responses in endothelial cells in vitro, which could be due to transfer of overexpressed VEGF-A and possibly other factors secreted from irradiated MCF-7 cells to endothelial cells, and induction of intrinsic genes (VEGFR-2, HSP-70, Ang-2, and Ang-1) in endothelial cells. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrollah Jabbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Kesäniemi J, Jernfors T, Lavrinienko A, Kivisaari K, Kiljunen M, Mappes T, Watts PC. Exposure to environmental radionuclides is associated with altered metabolic and immunity pathways in a wild rodent. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4620-4635. [PMID: 31498518 PMCID: PMC6900138 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wildlife inhabiting environments contaminated by radionuclides face putative detrimental effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, with biomarkers such as an increase in DNA damage and/or oxidative stress commonly associated with radiation exposure. To examine the effects of exposure to radiation on gene expression in wildlife, we conducted a de novo RNA sequencing study of liver and spleen tissues from a rodent, the bank vole Myodes glareolus. Bank voles were collected from the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ), where animals were exposed to elevated levels of radionuclides, and from uncontaminated areas near Kyiv, Ukraine. Counter to expectations, we did not observe a strong DNA damage response in animals exposed to radionuclides, although some signs of oxidative stress were identified. Rather, exposure to environmental radionuclides was associated with upregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation in the livers - an apparent shift in energy metabolism. Moreover, using stable isotope analysis, we identified that fur from bank voles inhabiting the CEZ had enriched isotope values of nitrogen: such an increase is consistent with increased fatty acid metabolism, but also could arise from a difference in diet or habitat between the CEZ and elsewhere. In livers and spleens, voles inhabiting the CEZ were characterized by immunosuppression, such as impaired antigen processing, and activation of leucocytes involved in inflammatory responses. In conclusion, exposure to low dose environmental radiation impacts pathways associated with immunity and lipid metabolism, potentially as a stress-induced coping mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Kesäniemi
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Toni Jernfors
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anton Lavrinienko
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kati Kivisaari
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mikko Kiljunen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Phillip C Watts
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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24
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Increased expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 indicates poor prognosis in glioma recurrence. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109369. [PMID: 31545229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The main characteristic of glioma is recurrence, even after intensive multidisciplinary treatment. Studies show that enhanced invasive ability will increase the ability of tumor cells to escape from the primary tumor mass, which is a key factor contributing to tumor relapse and recurrence. In this study, we assessed the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, two important matrix metallopeptidases that increase the invasive ability of glioma, and their suppressors, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 in glioma tissues from primary and recurrent glioma patients by immunohistochemistry. Glioma cells and nude mice were used for in vitro and in vivo studies. Results showed that the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in recurrent gliomas were significantly higher than those in primary gliomas (P = 3.075 × 10-11, P = 1.510 × 10-5, respectively). We also found that radiotherapy increased the expression of MMP-9, but had no effect on MMP-2 and TIMP-1/2. With glioma cell line U251, we found that irradiation increased the expression of MMP-9 in vitro. Tumor tissues from an orthotopic xenograft model showed that after irradiation treatment, the expression of MMP-9 increased significantly in vivo. We also found that knocking down MMP-9 decreased irradiation-induced invasion obviously. Above all, we concluded that higher expressions of MMP-2/-9 indicate poor prognosis in glioma recurrence. The increased expression of MMP-9 after radiotherapy suggests that MMP-9 might be an important target in the radiosensitization of glioma.
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25
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Bokhari RS, Metzger CE, Black JM, Franklin KA, Boudreaux RD, Allen MR, Macias BR, Hogan HA, Braby LA, Bloomfield SA. Positive impact of low-dose, high-energy radiation on bone in partial- and/or full-weightbearing mice. NPJ Microgravity 2019; 5:13. [PMID: 31231675 PMCID: PMC6547738 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-019-0074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astronauts traveling beyond low Earth orbit will be exposed to galactic cosmic radiation (GCR); understanding how high energy ionizing radiation modifies the bone response to mechanical unloading is important to assuring crew health. To investigate this, we exposed 4-mo-old female Balb/cBYJ mice to an acute space-relevant dose of 0.5 Gy 56Fe or sham (n = ~8/group); 4 days later, half of the mice were also subjected to a ground-based analog for 1/6 g (partial weightbearing) (G/6) for 21 days. Microcomputed tomography (µ-CT) of the distal femur reveals that 56Fe exposure resulted in 65–78% greater volume and improved microarchitecture of cancellous bone after 21 d compared to sham controls. Radiation also leads to significant increases in three measures of energy absorption at the mid-shaft femur and an increase in stiffness of the L4 vertebra. No significant effects of radiation on bone formation indices are detected; however, G/6 leads to reduced % mineralizing surface on the inner mid-tibial bone surface. In separate groups allowed 21 days of weightbearing recovery from G/6 and/or 56Fe exposure, radiation-exposed mice still exhibit greater bone mass and improved microarchitecture vs. sham control. However, femoral bone energy absorption values are no longer higher in the 56Fe-exposed WB mice vs. sham controls. We provide evidence for persistent positive impacts of high-LET radiation exposure preceding a period of full or partial weightbearing on bone mass and microarchitecture in the distal femur and, for full weightbearing mice only and more transiently, cortical bone energy absorption values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihana S Bokhari
- 1Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Corinne E Metzger
- 1Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Jeremy M Black
- 2Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | | | - Ramon D Boudreaux
- 3Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Matthew R Allen
- 4Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Brandon R Macias
- 1Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA.,5KBRwyle, Cardiovascular and Vision Laboratory, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Harry A Hogan
- 2Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA.,3Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Leslie A Braby
- 6Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
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26
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Mukai K, Tsai M, Saito H, Galli SJ. Mast cells as sources of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Immunol Rev 2019; 282:121-150. [PMID: 29431212 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells are hematopoietic cells that reside in virtually all vascularized tissues and that represent potential sources of a wide variety of biologically active secreted products, including diverse cytokines and growth factors. There is strong evidence for important non-redundant roles of mast cells in many types of innate or adaptive immune responses, including making important contributions to immediate and chronic IgE-associated allergic disorders and enhancing host resistance to certain venoms and parasites. However, mast cells have been proposed to influence many other biological processes, including responses to bacteria and virus, angiogenesis, wound healing, fibrosis, autoimmune and metabolic disorders, and cancer. The potential functions of mast cells in many of these settings is thought to reflect their ability to secrete, upon appropriate activation by a range of immune or non-immune stimuli, a broad spectrum of cytokines (including many chemokines) and growth factors, with potential autocrine, paracrine, local, and systemic effects. In this review, we summarize the evidence indicating which cytokines and growth factors can be produced by various populations of rodent and human mast cells in response to particular immune or non-immune stimuli, and comment on the proven or potential roles of such mast cell products in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Mukai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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27
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Arnold KM, Flynn NJ, Raben A, Romak L, Yu Y, Dicker AP, Mourtada F, Sims-Mourtada J. The Impact of Radiation on the Tumor Microenvironment: Effect of Dose and Fractionation Schedules. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2018; 11:1179064418761639. [PMID: 29551910 PMCID: PMC5846913 DOI: 10.1177/1179064418761639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to inducing lethal DNA damage in tumor and stromal cells, radiation can alter the interactions of tumor cells with their microenvironment. Recent technological advances in planning and delivery of external beam radiotherapy have allowed delivery of larger doses per fraction (hypofractionation) while minimizing dose to normal tissues with higher precision. The effects of radiation on the tumor microenvironment vary with dose and fractionation schedule. In this review, we summarize the effects of conventional and hypofractionated radiation regimens on the immune system and tumor stroma. We discuss how these interactions may provide therapeutic benefit in combination with targeted therapies. Understanding the differential effects of radiation dose and fractionation can have implications for choice of combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Arnold
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Nicole J Flynn
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Adam Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Lindsay Romak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College & Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam P Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College & Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Firas Mourtada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College & Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Sims-Mourtada
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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28
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Ribatti D. A new role of mast cells in arteriogenesis. Microvasc Res 2018; 118:57-60. [PMID: 29501537 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Arteriogenesis is defined as the growth of functional collateral arteries from pre-existing arterio-arteriolar anastomoses. The role of mast cells in arteriogenesis is largely unexplored. Recent evidences suggest that mast cells together with other inflammatory cells, including monocytes-macrophages, lymphocytes, NK cells and endothelial precursor cells (EPCs) may be involved in this process. This review article analyzes the literature concerning this new aspect of biological activity of mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.
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29
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Ministro A, de Oliveira P, Nunes RJ, Dos Santos Rocha A, Correia A, Carvalho T, Rino J, Faísca P, Becker JD, Goyri-O'Neill J, Pina F, Poli E, Silva-Santos B, Pinto F, Mareel M, Serre K, Constantino Rosa Santos S. Low-dose ionizing radiation induces therapeutic neovascularization in a pre-clinical model of hindlimb ischemia. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:783-794. [PMID: 28444128 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We have previously shown that low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) induces angiogenesis but there is no evidence that it induces neovascularization in the setting of peripheral arterial disease. Here, we investigated the use of LDIR as an innovative and non-invasive strategy to stimulate therapeutic neovascularization using a model of experimentally induced hindlimb ischemia (HLI). Methods and results After surgical induction of unilateral HLI, both hindlimbs of female C57BL/6 mice were sham-irradiated or irradiated with four daily fractions of 0.3 Gy, in consecutive days and allowed to recover. We demonstrate that LDIR, significantly improved blood perfusion in the murine ischemic limb by stimulating neovascularization, as assessed by laser Doppler flow, capillary density, and collateral vessel formation. LDIR significantly increased the circulating levels of VEGF, PlGF, and G-CSF, as well as the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) mediating their incorporation to ischemic muscles. These effects were dependent upon LDIR exposition on the ischemic niche (thigh and shank regions). In irradiated ischemic muscles, these effects were independent of the recruitment of monocytes and macrophages. Importantly, LDIR induced a durable and simultaneous up-regulation of a repertoire of pro-angiogenic factors and their receptors in endothelial cells (ECs), as evident in ECs isolated from the irradiated gastrocnemius muscles by laser capture microdissection. This specific mechanism was mediated via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor signaling, since VEGF receptor inhibition abrogated the LDIR-mediated gene up-regulation and impeded the increase in capillary density. Finally, the vasculature in an irradiated non-ischemic bed was not affected and after 52 week of LDIR exposure no differences in the incidence of morbidity and mortality were seen. Conclusions These findings disclose an innovative, non-invasive strategy to induce therapeutic neovascularization in a mouse model of HLI, emerging as a novel approach in the treatment of critical limb ischemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Ministro
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paula de Oliveira
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel J Nunes
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André Dos Santos Rocha
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adriana Correia
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tânia Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Rino
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Faísca
- Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorg D Becker
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - João Goyri-O'Neill
- Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filomena Pina
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Esmeralda Poli
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fausto Pinto
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marc Mareel
- University Hospital Ghent, De Pintelaan, 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karine Serre
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Constantino Rosa Santos
- Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
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Lu L, Parmar MB, Kulka M, Kwan P, Unsworth LD. Self-Assembling Peptide Nanoscaffold That Activates Human Mast Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:6107-6117. [PMID: 29308881 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineering biomaterials to manipulate the immune response to elicit specific therapeutic outcomes is a burgeoning field of research. Mast cells play a distinct and central role in the innate immune response, and are characterized by their rapid release of a myriad of proinflammatory mediators in response to stimulation. These mediators are central to protective actions such as wound healing, angiogenesis, and host defense against pathogens and animal venoms. Considering that mast cells are widely distributed in tissues that interface with the external environment, and are loaded with large amounts of preformed protective compounds, they are ideal targets for novel immunotherapies. Here we report that, by using an engineered nanoscaffold, human mast cells can be contact activated in cell and primary human skin tissue culture using a specific receptor-ligand mechanism. The IgE independent PAMP-12 peptide activates human mast cells through the recently identified Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2 (MRGPRX2) receptor. The PAMP-12 motif was conjugated, via a glycine spacer, with the self-assembling peptide (RADA)4 and mixed with unmodified (RADA)4 to form a nanofiber matrix; mast cell activation was influenced directly by this ratio. Moreover, conjugating the PAMP-12 motif within the matrix was shown to only activate local, tissue-resident mast cells. The result of ex vivo human skin tissue tests confirmed that the engineered nanoscaffold successfully activated skin-resident mast cells by contact. Thus, this nanoscaffold design may provide a new platform to modulate localized mast cell functions thereby facilitating their protective role in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology , 11421 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Manoj B Parmar
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1E2, Canada
| | - Marianna Kulka
- National Institute for Nanotechnology , 11421 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Peter Kwan
- Wound Healing Research Group, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Alberta , 2D2.28 WMC, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Larry D Unsworth
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
- National Institute for Nanotechnology , 11421 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
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Padwal M, Siddique I, Wu L, Tang K, Boivin F, Liu L, Robertson J, Bridgewater D, West-Mays J, Gangji A, Brimble KS, Margetts PJ. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 is associated with peritoneal membrane solute transport and induces angiogenesis through β-catenin signaling. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:50-61. [PMID: 27190383 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For patients using peritoneal dialysis (PD), the peritoneal membrane can develop fibrosis and angiogenesis, leading to ultrafiltration failure, chronic hypervolemia and increased risk of technique failure and mortality. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and specifically the gelatinases (MMP2 and MMP9), may be involved in peritoneal membrane injury. Methods From stable PD patients, mesothelial cells were assayed for MMP gene expression. MMP9 was overexpressed in mouse peritoneum by adenovirus, and MMP9 -/- mice were subjected to transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced peritoneal fibrosis. Results MMP9 mRNA expression correlated with peritoneal membrane solute transport properties. Overexpression of MMP9 in the mouse peritoneum induced submesothelial thickening and angiogenesis. MMP9 induced mesothelial cell transition to a myofibroblast phenotype measured by increased alpha smooth muscle actin and decreased E-cadherin expression. Angiogenesis was markedly reduced in MMP9 -/- mice treated with an adenovirus expressing active TGF-β compared with wild-type mice. TGF-β-mediated E-cadherin cleavage was MMP9 dependent, and E-cadherin cleavage led to β-catenin-mediated signaling. A β-catenin inhibitor blocked the angiogenic response induced by AdMMP9. Conclusions Our data suggest that MMP9 is involved in peritoneal membrane injury possibly through cleavage of E-cadherin and induction of β-catenin signaling. MMP9 is a potential biomarker for peritoneal membrane injury and is a therapeutic target to protect the peritoneal membrane in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manreet Padwal
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Imad Siddique
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lili Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Katelynn Tang
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Felix Boivin
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Limin Liu
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Robertson
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Darren Bridgewater
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Judith West-Mays
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Azim Gangji
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth Scott Brimble
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter J Margetts
- Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph's Hospital, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Gal Y, Sapoznikov A, Falach R, Ehrlich S, Aftalion M, Kronman C, Sabo T. Total Body Irradiation Mitigates Inflammation and Extends the Therapeutic Time Window for Anti-Ricin Antibody Treatment against Pulmonary Ricinosis in Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9090278. [PMID: 28891987 PMCID: PMC5618211 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9090278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ricin, a highly toxic plant-derived toxin, is considered a potential weapon in biowarfare and bioterrorism due to its pronounced toxicity, high availability, and ease of preparation. Pulmonary exposure to ricin results in the generation of an acute edematous inflammation followed by respiratory insufficiency and death. Massive neutrophil recruitment to the lungs may contribute significantly to ricin-mediated morbidity. In this study, total body irradiation (TBI) served as a non-pharmacological tool to decrease the potential neutrophil-induced lung injury. TBI significantly postponed the time to death of intranasally ricin-intoxicated mice, given that leukopenia remained stable following intoxication. This increase in time to death coincided with a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory marker levels, and led to marked extension of the therapeutic time window for anti-ricin antibody treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Gal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Anita Sapoznikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Reut Falach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Sharon Ehrlich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Moshe Aftalion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Chanoch Kronman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
| | - Tamar Sabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona 76100, Israel.
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Illumina deep sequencing reveals conserved and novel microRNAs involved in the response to X-ray irradiation after peripheral nerve injury in rats. Neurosci Lett 2017; 658:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Jiang B, Zhang Y, Zhao J, She C, Zhou X, Dong Q, Wang P. Effects of Localized X-Ray Irradiation on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Transected Sciatic Nerve in Rats. Radiat Res 2017; 188:455-462. [PMID: 28796579 DOI: 10.1667/rr14799.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose radiation has been used in clinical and experimental models for the prevention of scarring and for fracture healing. There is evidence that low-dose radiation improves the hormesis of various cell types but little is known about its effects on peripheral nerve tissue. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of low-dose radiation on the regeneration of transectional peripheral nerve injury in an experimental rat model. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats received transection injury to the left sciatic nerves, and the nerves were subsequently sutured by epineurium end-to-end anastomosis to restore continuity. Animals were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (n = 36/group): 1 Gy X-ray irradiation or control (sham irradiation). Gait analysis, electrophysiological examination and morphological investigations were performed. In addition, Western blot and qRT-PCR were performed to determine the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43). Content of VEGF and GAP-43 in the regenerated sciatic nerve of the irradiated group was higher than the control group. At 4 to 12 weeks after surgery, the irradiated animals exhibited a significantly improved functional recovery relative to controls. At 12 weeks after surgery, amplitude and conduction velocity of the irradiated group were higher than the control group (P < 0.05). The number of nerve fibers, diameter of axons and morphological structure of the myelin sheath in the irradiated group were superior to those of the control group. These results suggest that low-dose radiation contributed to regeneration and functional recovery after transverse peripheral nerve injury by inducing increased production of VEGF and GAP-43, which promote the axonal regeneration and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- a Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- a Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P. R. China
| | - Jiaju Zhao
- a Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P. R. China
| | - Chang She
- b Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhou
- b Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P. R. China
| | - Qirong Dong
- b Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P. R. China
| | - Peiji Wang
- a Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P. R. China
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Effects of gamma-low dose irradiation on skin flap survival in rats. Phys Med 2017; 40:104-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Radiation-induced inflammatory cascade and its reverberating crosstalks as potential cause of post-radiotherapy second malignancies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 36:375-393. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Salama Y, Hattori K, Heissig B. The angiogenic factor Egfl7 alters thymogenesis by activating Flt3 signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:209-216. [PMID: 28601636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thymic regeneration is a crucial function that allows for the generation of mature T cells after myelosuppression like irradiation. However molecular drivers involved in this process remain undefined. Here, we report that the angiogenic factor, epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (Egfl7), is expressed on steady state thymic endothelial cells (ECs) and further upregulated under stress like post-irradiation. Egfl7 overexpression increased intrathymic early thymic precursors (ETPs) and expanded thymic ECs. Mechanistically, we show that Egfl7 overexpression caused Flt3 upregulation in ETPs and thymic ECs, and increased Flt3 ligand plasma elevation in vivo. Selective Flt3 blockade prevented Egfl7-driven ETP expansion, and Egfl7-mediated thymic EC expansion in vivo. We propose that the angiogenic factor Egfl7 activates the Flt3/Flt3 ligand pathway and is a key molecular driver enforcing thymus progenitor generation and thereby directly linking endothelial cell biology to the production of T cell-based adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Salama
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koichi Hattori
- Center for Genome and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Beate Heissig
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Atopy (Allergy) Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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Chin MS, Siegel-Reamer L, FitzGerald GA, Wyman A, Connor NM, Lo YC, Sioshansi S, Moni J, Giulia Cicchetti M, Lalikos JF, FitzGerald TJ. Association between cumulative radiation dose, adverse skin reactions, and changes in surface hemoglobin among women undergoing breast conserving therapy. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2017; 4:15-23. [PMID: 29594203 PMCID: PMC5833900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Radiation therapy is crucial to effective cancer treatment. Modern treatment strategies have reduced possible skin injury, but few clinical studies have addressed the dose relationship between radiation exposure and skin reaction. This prospective clinical study analyzes skin oxygenation/perfusion in patients undergoing fractionated breast conserving therapy via hyperspectral imaging (HSI). Methods Forty-three women undergoing breast conserving therapy were enrolled in this study. Optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLDs) measured radiation exposure in four sites: treatment breast, lumpectomy scar, medial tattoo and the control breast. The oxygenation/perfusion states of these sites were prospectively imaged before and after each treatment fraction with HSI. Visual skin reactions were classified according to the RTOG system. Results 2753 observations were obtained and indicated a dose-response relationship between radiation exposure and oxygenated hemoglobin (OxyHb) after a 600 cGy cumulative dose threshold. There was a relatively weak association between DeoxyHb and radiation exposure. Results suggest strong correlations between changes in mean OxyHb and skin reaction as well as between radiation exposure and changes in skin reaction. Conclusion HSI demonstrates promise in the assessment of skin dose as well as an objective measure of skin reaction. The ability to easily identify adverse skin reactions and to modify the treatment plan may circumvent the need for detrimental treatment breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Chin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | | | | | - Allison Wyman
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, USA
| | - Nikole M Connor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, USA
| | - Yuan-Chyuan Lo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, USA
| | - Shirin Sioshansi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, USA
| | - Janaki Moni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, USA
| | | | - Janice F Lalikos
- Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School, USA
| | - Thomas J FitzGerald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, USA
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Krishnan G, Subramaniyan J, Chengalvarayan Subramani P, Muralidharan B, Thiruvengadam D. Hesperetin conjugated PEGylated gold nanoparticles exploring the potential role in anti-inflammation and anti-proliferation during diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Asian J Pharm Sci 2017; 12:442-455. [PMID: 32104357 PMCID: PMC7032104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and one of the leading causes of death in the world, and second most common cause of death in men. Natural products emerge as the most enduring approaches in the development of anticancer targeting drug. Hesperetin (HP), one of the abundant flavonoids found naturally in citrus fruits, has received considerable attention in anti-cancer promotion and progression. The present study was conducted to decipher the role of 0.5 ml hesperetin conjugated gold nanoparticles (Au-mPEG(5000)-S-HP NPs) during diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male Wistar albino rats and shows the better antioxidant that possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferation and anticarcinogenic properties and may modulate signaling pathways. The confirmation of polymer functionalized gold nanoparticles and drug loaded polymer gold nanoparticles were characterized by HR-TEM with EDAX, and DLS with Zeta potential techniques. The drug encapsulation efficiency and release properties were carried out in PBS at pH 7.4 for Au- mPEG(5000)-S-HP and compared with the control pure hesperetin (HP). Here, we review the role of mast cell counts, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), levels of glycoconjugates, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions, are the master regulator of inflammation and proliferation, in the development of hepatocellular injury, liver fibrosis and HCC. DEN-administered animals showed increased mast cell counts, tumor necrosis factor alpha, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, glycoconjugates, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions. Whereas Au-mPEG(5000)-S-HP NPs supplementation considerably suppressed all the above abnormalities. These results suggest that the Au-mPEG(5000)-S-HP NPs exhibited the better potential anticancer activity by inhibiting cell inflammation and proliferation in DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokuladhas Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jayakumar Subramaniyan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | | - Devaki Thiruvengadam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamilnadu, India
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40
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Seaman SA, Cao Y, Campbell CA, Peirce SM. Arteriogenesis in murine adipose tissue is contingent on CD68 + /CD206 + macrophages. Microcirculation 2017; 24:10.1111/micc.12341. [PMID: 27976451 PMCID: PMC5432396 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The surgical transfer of skin, fat, and/or muscle from a donor site to a recipient site within the same patient is a widely performed procedure in reconstructive surgeries. A surgical pretreatment strategy that is intended to increase perfusion in the flap, termed "flap delay," is a commonly employed technique by plastic surgeons prior to flap transplantation. Here, we explored whether CD68+ /CD206+ macrophages are required for arteriogenesis within the flap by performing gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies in a previously published flap delay murine model. METHODS AND RESULTS Local injection of M2-polarized macrophages into the flap resulted in an increase in collateral vessel diameter. Application of a thin biomaterial film loaded with a pharmacological agent (FTY720), which has been previously shown to recruit CD68+ /CD206+ macrophages to remodeling tissue, increased CD68+ /CD206+ cell recruitment and collateral vessel enlargement. Conversely, when local macrophage populations were depleted within the inguinal fat pad via clodronate liposome delivery, we observed fewer CD68+ cells accompanied by diminished collateral vessel enlargement. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the importance of macrophages during microvascular adaptations that are induced by flap delay. These studies suggest a mechanism for a translatable therapeutic target that may be used to enhance the clinical flap delay procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Seaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia
| | - Yiqi Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia
| | | | - Shayn M. Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Virginia
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41
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Newell LF, Holtan SG. Placental growth factor: What hematologists need to know. Blood Rev 2017; 31:57-62. [PMID: 27608972 PMCID: PMC5916812 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although first identified in placenta, the angiogenic factor known as placental growth factor (PlGF) can be widely expressed in ischemic or damaged tissues. Recent studies have indicated that PlGF is a relevant factor in the pathobiology of blood diseases including hemoglobinopathies and hematologic malignancies. Therapies for such blood diseases may one day be based upon these and ongoing investigations into the role of PlGF in sickle cell disease, acute and chronic leukemias, and complications related to hematopoietic cell transplantation. In this review, we summarize recent studies regarding the potential role of PlGF in blood disorders and suggest avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Newell
- Oregon Health and Science University, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Shernan G Holtan
- University of Minnesota, Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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42
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Kleibeuker EA, Fokas E, Allen PD, Kersemans V, Griffioen AW, Beech J, Im JH, Smart SC, Castricum KC, van den Berg J, Schulkens IA, Hill SA, Harris AL, Slotman BJ, Verheul HM, Muschel RJ, Thijssen VL. Low dose angiostatic treatment counteracts radiotherapy-induced tumor perfusion and enhances the anti-tumor effect. Oncotarget 2016; 7:76613-76627. [PMID: 27780936 PMCID: PMC5363534 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of tumor oxygenation is an important factor contributing to the efficacy of radiation therapy (RTx). Interestingly, several preclinical studies have shown benefit of combining RTx with drugs that inhibit tumor blood vessel growth, i.e. angiostatic therapy. Recent findings show that proper scheduling of both treatment modalities allows dose reduction of angiostatic drugs without affecting therapeutic efficacy. We found that whilst low dose sunitinib (20 mg/kg/day) did not affect the growth of xenograft HT29 colon carcinoma tumors in nude mice, the combination with either single dose RTx (1x 5Gy) or fractionated RTx (5x 2Gy/week, up to 3 weeks) substantially hampered tumor growth compared to either RTx treatment alone. To better understand the interaction between RTx and low dose angiostatic therapy, we explored the effects of RTx on tumor angiogenesis and tissue perfusion. DCE-MRI analyses revealed that fractionated RTx resulted in enhanced perfusion after two weeks of treatment. This mainly occurred in the center of the tumor and was accompanied by increased tissue viability and decreased hypoxia. These effects were accompanied by increased expression of the pro-angiogenic growth factors VEGF and PlGF. DCE-MRI and contrast enhanced ultrasonography showed that the increase in perfusion and tissue viability was counteracted by low-dose sunitinib. Overall, these data give insight in the dynamics of tumor perfusion during conventional 2 Gy fractionated RTx and provide a rationale to combine low dose angiostatic drugs with RTx both in the palliative as well as in the curative setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther A. Kleibeuker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanouil Fokas
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip D. Allen
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Veerle Kersemans
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Arjan W. Griffioen
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John Beech
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jaehong H. Im
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sean C. Smart
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kitty C. Castricum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap van den Berg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris A. Schulkens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sally A. Hill
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- Department of Molecular Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ben J. Slotman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M. Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth J. Muschel
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victor L. Thijssen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Modena BD, Dazy K, White AA. Emerging concepts: mast cell involvement in allergic diseases. Transl Res 2016; 174:98-121. [PMID: 26976119 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In a process known as overt degranulation, mast cells can release all at once a diverse array of products that are preformed and present within cytoplasmic granules. This occurs typically within seconds of stimulation by environmental factors and allergens. These potent, preformed mediators (ie, histamine, heparin, serotonin, and serine proteases) are responsible for the acute symptoms experienced in allergic conditions such as allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, allergy-induced asthma, urticaria, and anaphylaxis. Yet, there is reason to believe that the actions of mast cells are important when they are not degranulating. Mast cells release preformed mediators and inflammatory cytokines for periods after degranulation and even without degranulating at all. Mast cells are consistently seen at sites of chronic inflammation, including nonallergic inflammation, where they have the ability to temper inflammatory processes and shape tissue morphology. Mast cells can trigger actions and chemotaxis in other important immune cells (eg, eosinophils and the newly discovered type 2 innate lymphocytes) that then make their own contributions to inflammation and disease. In this review, we will discuss the many known and theorized contributions of mast cells to allergic diseases, focusing on several prototypical allergic respiratory and skin conditions: asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, and some of the more common medication hypersensitivity reactions. We discuss traditionally accepted roles that mast cells play in the pathogenesis of each of these conditions, but we also delve into new areas of discovery and research that challenge traditionally accepted paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Modena
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, Calif; Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Kristen Dazy
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, Calif
| | - Andrew A White
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, Calif.
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Falcon BL, Chintharlapalli S, Uhlik MT, Pytowski B. Antagonist antibodies to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) as anti-angiogenic agents. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 164:204-25. [PMID: 27288725 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of numerous signaling pathways in endothelial and mesangial cells results in exquisite control of the process of physiological angiogenesis, with a central role played by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and its cognate ligands. However, deregulated angiogenesis participates in numerous pathological processes. Excessive activation of VEGFR-2 has been found to mediate tissue-damaging vascular changes as well as the induction of blood vessel expansion to support the growth of solid tumors. Consequently, therapeutic intervention aimed at inhibiting the VEGFR-2 pathway has become a mainstay of treatment in cancer and retinal diseases. In this review, we introduce the concepts of physiological and pathological angiogenesis, the crucial role played by the VEGFR-2 pathway in these processes, and the various inhibitors of its activity that have entered the clinical practice. We primarily focus on the development of ramucirumab, the antagonist monoclonal antibody (mAb) that inhibits VEGFR-2 and has recently been approved for use in patients with gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers. We examine in-depth the pre-clinical studies using DC101, the mAb to mouse VEGFR-2, which provided a conceptual foundation for the role of VEGFR-2 in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Finally, we discuss further clinical development of ramucirumab and the future of targeting the VEGF pathway for the treatment of cancer.
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Abstract
Gene therapy has been proposed as a means to combat cancer. However, systemic toxicity observed in preclinical trials suggested the importance of selectively targeted delivery and inducible gene expression in tumor tissues. Discovery of radiation-inducible promoter sequences provides one way to minimize inadvertent toxicity from gene therapy in normal tissues. Radiation is administered to selectively induce cytotoxic gene expression in the targeted tumor tissues. With promising results from phase II clinical trials using TNF-expressing adenovirus, it is possible to have radiation-guided gene therapy regimes once the tumor-targeted delivery has been achieved. Tumor endothelium is an attractive biological target for gene therapy, because it has the advantage of stability, accessibility, and bioavailability for therapeutic agents. Technological development of DNA microarray, proteomic profiling, and phage-displayed libraries accelerates the identification of tumor-specific endothelial biomarkers and discovery of its relevant affinity reagents for targeted delivery. The application of radiation-guided gene delivery, its amplification, as well as expression of gene therapy presents great opportunities to be employed as an alternative cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhong Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Heissig B, Eiamboonsert S, Salama Y, Shimazu H, Dhahri D, Munakata S, Tashiro Y, Hattori K. Cancer therapy targeting the fibrinolytic system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:172-179. [PMID: 26588878 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is recognized as a key factor in the multiple stages of cancer progression, mediating local resistance, immune-escape and metastasis. Cancer growth and progression require remodeling of the tumor stromal microenvironment, such as the development of tumor-associated blood vessels, recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells and cytokine processing. Extracellular matrix breakdown achieved by proteases like the fibrinolytic factor plasmin and matrix metalloproteases is necessary for cell migration crucial for cancer invasion and metastasis. Key components of the fibrinolytic system are expressed in cells of the tumor microenvironment. Plasmin can control growth factor bioavailability, or the regulation of other proteases leading to angiogenesis, and inflammation. In this review, we will focus on the role of the fibrinolytic system in the tumor microenvironment summarizing our current understanding of the role of the fibrinolytic factors for the modulation of the local chemokine/cytokine milieu, resulting in myeloid cell recruitment, which can promote neoangiogenesis.
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47
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Emmons R, Niemiro GM, Owolabi O, De Lisio M. Acute exercise mobilizes hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and alters the mesenchymal stromal cell secretome. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:624-32. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00925.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), collected from peripheral blood, is the primary treatment for many hematological malignancies; however, variable collection efficacy with current protocols merits further examination into factors responsible for HSPC mobilization. HSPCs primarily reside within the bone marrow and are regulated by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). Exercise potently and transiently mobilizes HSPCs from the bone marrow into peripheral circulation. Thus the purpose of the present study was to evaluate potential factors in the bone marrow responsible for HSPC mobilization, investigate potential sites of HSPC homing, and assess changes in bone marrow cell populations following exercise. An acute exercise bout increased circulating HSPCs at 15 min (88%, P < 0.001) that returned to baseline at 60 min. Gene expression for HSPC homing factors (CXCL12, vascular endothelial growth factor-a, and angiopoietin-1) were increased at 15 min in skeletal muscle and HSPC content was increased in the spleen 48 h postexercise (45%, P < 0.01). Acute exercise did not alter HSPCs or MSCs quantity in the bone marrow; however, proliferation of HSPCs (40%, P < 0.001), multipotent progenitors (40%, P < 0.001), short-term hematopoietic stem cells (61%, P < 0.001), long-term hematopoietic stem cells (55%, P = 0.002), and MSCs (20%, P = 0.01) increased postexercise. Acute exercise increased the content of the mobilization agent granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, as well as stem cell factor, interleukin-3, and thrombopoeitin in conditioned media collected from bone marrow stromal cells 15 min postexercise. These findings suggest that the MSC secretome is responsible for HSPC mobilization and proliferation; concurrently, HSPCs are homing to extramedullary sites following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Emmons
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Grace M. Niemiro
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Olatomide Owolabi
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Michael De Lisio
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Vyzoukaki R, Tsirakis G, Pappa CA, Androulakis N, Kokonozaki M, Tzardi M, Alexandrakis MG. Correlation of Mast Cell Density With Angiogenic Cytokines in Patients With Active Multiple Myeloma. Clin Ther 2015; 38:297-301. [PMID: 26740291 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to estimate whether bone marrow mast cell density (MCD) in multiple myeloma (MM) correlates with circulating levels of various angiogenic factors. METHODS In 70 patients with newly diagnosed active MM, we measured MCD using immunohistochemical stain for tryptase and serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), angiopoietin 2 (ANGIOP-2), and angiogenin (ANG) with ELISA. FINDINGS Levels of MCD, ANGIOP-2, and ANG were significantly higher in MM patients compared with the control group. The MMP-9 level was higher in MM patients compared with the control group but without statistical significance. All values were increasing in parallel with clinical stages. Furthermore, MCD correlated positively with MMP-9, ANGIOP-2, and ANG. IMPLICATIONS MCs participate in the angiogenic processes of MM, with complex implicated mechanisms. This interplay between MCs and the other participants favors angiogenesis and MM growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodanthi Vyzoukaki
- Hematology Laboratory, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Tsirakis
- Hematology Department, General Hospital of Chania, Chania, Greece
| | - Constantina A Pappa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Venizelion Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Maria Kokonozaki
- Hematology Laboratory, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Tzardi
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Michael G Alexandrakis
- Hematology Laboratory, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece; Hematology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.
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Heissig B, Dhahri D, Eiamboonsert S, Salama Y, Shimazu H, Munakata S, Hattori K. Role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived fibrinolytic factor in tissue regeneration and cancer progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4759-70. [PMID: 26350342 PMCID: PMC11113371 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration during wound healing or cancer growth and progression depends on the establishment of a cellular microenvironment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are part of this cellular microenvironment, where they functionally modulate cell homing, angiogenesis, and immune modulation. MSC recruitment involves detachment of these cells from their niche, and finally MSC migration into their preferred niches; the wounded area, the tumor bed, and the BM, just to name a few. During this recruitment phase, focal proteolysis disrupts the extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture, breaks cell-matrix interactions with receptors, and integrins, and causes the release of bioactive fragments from ECM molecules. MSC produce a broad array of proteases, promoting remodeling of the surrounding ECM through proteolytic mechanisms. The fibrinolytic system, with its main player plasmin, plays a crucial role in cell migration, growth factor bioavailability, and the regulation of other protease systems during inflammation, tissue regeneration, and cancer. Key components of the fibrinolytic cascade, including the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), are expressed in MSC. This review will introduce general functional properties of the fibrinolytic system, which go beyond its known function of fibrin clot dissolution (fibrinolysis). We will focus on the role of the fibrinolytic system for MSC biology, summarizing our current understanding of the role of the fibrinolytic system for MSC recruitment and the functional consequences for tissue regeneration and cancer. Aspects of MSC origin, maintenance, and the mechanisms by which these cells contribute to altered protease activity in the microenvironment under normal and pathological conditions will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Heissig
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Atopy (Allergy) Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Douaa Dhahri
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Salita Eiamboonsert
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yousef Salama
- Division of Stem Cell Dynamics, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimazu
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shinya Munakata
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koichi Hattori
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Center for Genome and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Prophylactic amifostine prevents a pathologic vascular response in a murine model of expander-based breast reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2015; 69:234-40. [PMID: 26631290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although expander-based breast reconstruction is the most commonly used method of reconstruction worldwide, it continues to be plagued with complication rates as high as 60% when radiotherapy is implemented. We hypothesized that quantitative measures of radiotherapy-induced vascular injury can be mitigated by utilizing amifostine in a murine model of expander-based breast reconstruction. METHODS 30 rats were divided into three groups: expander placement (Control), expander placement followed by radiotherapy (XRT), and expander placement followed by radiotherapy with amifostine (AMF/XRT). All groups underwent placement of a sub-latissimus tissue expander. After a 45 day recovery period, all groups underwent vascular perfusion and micro-CT analysis. RESULTS Micro-CT analysis was used to calculate vessel volume fraction (VVF), vessel number (VN), and vessel separation (VSp). A significant increase in VN was seen in the XRT group as compared to the Control (p = 0.021) and the AMF/XRT (p = 0.027). There was no difference between Control and AMF/XRT (p = 0.862). VVF was significantly higher in XRT than either Control (p = 0.043) and AMF/XRT (p = 0.040), however no difference was seen between Control and AMF/XRT (p = 0.980). VSp of XRT was smaller when compared to both Control and AMF/XRT specimens (p = 0.05 and p = 0.048, respectively), and no difference was seen between Control and AMF/XRT (p = 0.339). CONCLUSIONS Amifostine administered prior to radiotherapy preserved vascular metrics similar to those of non-radiated specimens. Elevated vascularity demonstrated within the XRT group was not seen in either the Control or AMF/XRT groups. These results indicate that amifostine protects soft tissue in our model from a radiotherapy-induced pathologic vascular response.
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