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Vasconcelos-Fontes L, Vieira RC, He M, Ferreira-Reis R, Jurberg AD, Arêas Mendes-da-Cruz D, Andersson J, Cotta-de-Almeida V, Westerberg LS. Controlled WASp activity regulates the proliferative response for Treg cell differentiation in the thymus. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350450. [PMID: 38356202 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) regulates actin cytoskeletal dynamics and function of hematopoietic cells. Mutations in the WAS gene lead to two different syndromes; Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) caused by loss-of-function mutations, and X-linked neutropenia (XLN) caused by gain-of-function mutations. We previously showed that WASp-deficient mice have a decreased number of regulatory T (Treg) cells in the thymus and the periphery. We here evaluated the impact of WASp mutations on Treg cells in the thymus of WAS and XLN mouse models. Using in vitro Treg differentiation assays, WAS CD4 single-positive thymocytes have decreased differentiation to Treg cells, despite normal early signaling upon IL-2 and TGF-β stimulation. They failed to proliferate and express CD25 at high levels, leading to poor survival and a lower number of Foxp3+ Treg cells. Conversely, XLN CD4 single-positive thymocytes efficiently differentiate into Foxp3+ Treg cells following a high proliferative response to IL-2 and TGF-β, associated with high CD25 expression when compared with WT cells. Altogether, these results show that specific mutations of WASp affect Treg cell development differently, demonstrating a critical role of WASp activity in supporting Treg cell development and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Vasconcelos-Fontes
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rhaissa C Vieira
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minghui He
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rafaella Ferreira-Reis
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnon Dias Jurberg
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniella Arêas Mendes-da-Cruz
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - John Andersson
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vinicius Cotta-de-Almeida
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Wang X, Liu J, Azoitei A, Eiseler T, Meessen S, Jiang W, Zheng X, Makori AW, Eckstein M, Hartmann A, Stilgenbauer S, Elati M, Hohwieler M, Kleger A, John A, Zengerling F, Wezel F, Bolenz C, Günes C. Loss of ORP3 induces aneuploidy and promotes bladder cancer cell invasion through deregulated microtubule and actin dynamics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:299. [PMID: 37740130 PMCID: PMC10516806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
We have recently shown that loss of ORP3 leads to aneuploidy induction and promotes tumor formation. However, the specific mechanisms by which ORP3 contributes to ploidy-control and cancer initiation and progression is still unknown. Here, we report that ORP3 is highly expressed in ureter and bladder epithelium while its expression is downregulated in invasive bladder cancer cell lines and during tumor progression, both in human and in mouse bladder cancer. Moreover, we observed an increase in the incidence of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN)-induced invasive bladder carcinoma in the tissue-specific Orp3 knockout mice. Experimental data demonstrate that ORP3 protein interacts with γ-tubulin at the centrosomes and with components of actin cytoskeleton. Altering the expression of ORP3 induces aneuploidy and genomic instability in telomerase-immortalized urothelial cells with a stable karyotype and influences the migration and invasive capacity of bladder cancer cell lines. These findings demonstrate a crucial role of ORP3 in ploidy-control and indicate that ORP3 is a bona fide tumor suppressor protein. Of note, the presented data indicate that ORP3 affects both cell invasion and migration as well as genome stability through interactions with cytoskeletal components, providing a molecular link between aneuploidy and cell invasion and migration, two crucial characteristics of metastatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Junnan Liu
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Anca Azoitei
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabine Meessen
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wencheng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Urology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arika W Makori
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Mohamed Elati
- CANTHER, ONCOLille Institute, University of Lille, CNRS UMR 1277, Inserm U9020, 59045, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Meike Hohwieler
- Institute of Mol. Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Institute of Mol. Oncology and Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Axel John
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Friedemann Zengerling
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix Wezel
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Bolenz
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cagatay Günes
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Hospital, Helmholtzstr. 10, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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3
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Hsu AP. Not too little, not too much: the impact of mutation types in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and RAC2 patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 212:137-146. [PMID: 36617178 PMCID: PMC10128166 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) are genetic disorders impacting the appropriate development or functioning of any portion of the immune system. The broad adoption of high-throughput sequencing has driven discovery of new genes as well as expanded phenotypes associated with known genes. Beginning with the identification of WAS mutations in patients with severe Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome, recognition of WAS mutations in additional patients has revealed phenotypes including isolated thrombocytopenia and X-linked neutropenia. Likewise RAC2 patients present with vastly different phenotypes depending on the mutation-ranging from reticular dysgenesis or severe neutrophil dysfunction with neonatal presentation to later onset common variable immune deficiency. This review examines genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with WAS (Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome) and RAC2 mutations, highlighting functional protein domains, how mutations alter protein interactions, and how specific mutations can affect isolated functions of the protein leading to disparate phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy P Hsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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4
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Vieira RC, Pinho LG, Westerberg LS. Understanding immunoactinopathies: A decade of research on WAS gene defects. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13951. [PMID: 37102395 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunoactinopathies caused by mutations in actin-related proteins are a growing group of inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Immunoactinopathies are caused by a dysregulated actin cytoskeleton and affect hematopoietic cells especially because of their unique capacity to survey the body for invading pathogens and altered self, such as cancer cells. These cell motility and cell-to-cell interaction properties depend on the dynamic nature of the actin cytoskeleton. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is the archetypical immunoactinopathy and the first described. WAS is caused by loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations in the actin regulator WASp, uniquely expressed in hematopoietic cells. Mutations in WAS cause a profound disturbance of actin cytoskeleton regulation of hematopoietic cells. Studies during the last 10 years have shed light on the specific effects on different hematopoietic cells, revealing that they are not affected equally by mutations in the WAS gene. Moreover, the mechanistic understanding of how WASp controls nuclear and cytoplasmatic activities may help to find therapeutic alternatives according to the site of the mutation and clinical phenotypes. In this review, we summarize recent findings that have added to the complexity and increased our understanding of WAS-related diseases and immunoactinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhaissa Calixto Vieira
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lia Goncalves Pinho
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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WASp modulates RPA function on single-stranded DNA in response to replication stress and DNA damage. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3743. [PMID: 35768435 PMCID: PMC9243104 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perturbation in the replication-stress response (RSR) and DNA-damage response (DDR) causes genomic instability. Genomic instability occurs in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), a primary immunodeficiency disorder, yet the mechanism remains largely uncharacterized. Replication protein A (RPA), a single-strand DNA (ssDNA) binding protein, has key roles in the RSR and DDR. Here we show that human WAS-protein (WASp) modulates RPA functions at perturbed replication forks (RFs). Following genotoxic insult, WASp accumulates at RFs, associates with RPA, and promotes RPA:ssDNA complexation. WASp deficiency in human lymphocytes destabilizes RPA:ssDNA-complexes, impairs accumulation of RPA, ATR, ETAA1, and TOPBP1 at genotoxin-perturbed RFs, decreases CHK1 activation, and provokes global RF dysfunction. las17 (yeast WAS-homolog)-deficient S. cerevisiae also show decreased ScRPA accumulation at perturbed RFs, impaired DNA recombination, and increased frequency of DNA double-strand break (DSB)-induced single-strand annealing (SSA). Consequently, WASp (or Las17)-deficient cells show increased frequency of DSBs upon genotoxic insult. Our study reveals an evolutionarily conserved, essential role of WASp in the DNA stress-resolution pathway, such that WASp deficiency provokes RPA dysfunction-coupled genomic instability. Cancer develops in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). Here the authors identify a role for WAS-protein (WASp) in the DNA stress-resolution pathway by promoting the function of Replication Protein A at replication forks after DNA damage.
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A gain-of-function variant in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome gene is associated with a MYH9-related disease-like syndrome. Blood Adv 2022; 6:5279-5284. [PMID: 35404999 PMCID: PMC9631694 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gain-of-function p.I294T variant in WASp causes a disease combining neutropenia, macrothrombocytopenia, proteinuria, and renal failure. The expanded phenotypic spectrum associated with gain-of-function WAS variants supports renal function assessment in these patients.
While loss-of-function variants in the WAS gene are associated with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and lead to microthrombocytopenia, gain-of-function variants of WAS are associated with X-linked neutropenia (XLN) and the absence of microthrombocytopenia. Only a few XLN families have been reported so far, and their platelet phenotype was not described in detail. To date, no renal involvement was described in XLN. In the present study, we report exome sequencing of individuals from 3 generations of a family with a dominant disease combining neutropenia, macrothrombocytopenia, and renal failure. We identified a heterozygous missense gain-of-function variant in the WAS gene (c.881T>C, p.I294T) that segregates with the disease and is already known to cause XLN. There was no pathogenic variant in MYH9, TUBB1, or ACTN1. This is the first report of a WAS gain-of-function variant associated with both the hematological phenotype of XLN (neutropenia, macrothrombocytopenia) and renal disease (proteinuria, renal failure) with glomerular tip lesion hyalinosis and actin condensations in effaced podocytes foot processes.
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7
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Oliveira MMS, Kung SY, Moreau HD, Maurin M, Record J, Sanséau D, Nylén S, Lennon-Duménil AM, Westerberg LS. The WASp L272P gain-of-function mutation alters dendritic cell coordination of actin dynamics for migration and adhesion. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:793-803. [PMID: 34431547 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ab0821-013rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) devoid of the actin regulator Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) show reduced directed migration and decreased formation of podosome adhesion structures. We examined DCs expressing a gain-of-function mutation in WASp, WASp L272P, identified in X-linked neutropenia patients. Analysis of WASp L272P DCs was compared to WASp-deficient DCs to examine how WASp activity influences DC migratory responses. In confined space, WASp-deficient DCs had increased migration speed whereas WASp L272P DCs had similar average speed but increased speed fluctuations, reduced displacement, and atypical rounded morphology, compared to wild-type (WT) DCs. Using an ear inflammation model and flow cytometry analysis, WT, WASp-deficient, and WASp L272P DCs were found to migrate in comparable numbers to the draining lymph nodes (LNs). However, histology analysis revealed that migratory DCs of WASp deficient and WASp L272P mice were mainly located in the collagenous capsule of the LN whereas WT DCs were located inside the LN. Analysis of ultrastructural features revealed that WASp L272P DCs had reduced cell area but formed larger podosome structures when compared to WT DCs. Together, our data suggest that WASp activity regulates DC migration and that loss-of-function and gain-of-function in WASp activity lead to different and phenotype-specific DC migratory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M S Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shin-Yu Kung
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institute Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Julien Record
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Susanne Nylén
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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He M, Saeed MB, Record J, Keszei M, Gonçalves Pinho L, Vasconcelos-Fontes L, D'Aulerio R, Vieira R, Oliveira MMS, Geyer C, Bohaumilitzky L, Thiemann M, Deordieva E, Buedts L, Matias Lopes JP, Pershin D, Hammarström L, Xia Y, Zhao X, Cunningham-Rundles C, Thrasher AJ, Burns SO, Cotta-de-Almeida V, Liu C, Shcherbina A, Vandenberghe P, Westerberg LS. Overactive WASp in X-linked neutropenia leads to aberrant B-cell division and accelerated plasma cell generation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:1069-1084. [PMID: 34384840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-cell affinity maturation in germinal center relies on regulated actin dynamics for cell migration and cell-to-cell communication. Activating mutations in the cytoskeletal regulator Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) cause X-linked neutropenia (XLN) with reduced serum level of IgA. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of B cells in XLN pathogenesis. METHODS We examined B cells from 6 XLN patients, 2 of whom had novel R268W and S271F mutations in WASp. By using immunized XLN mouse models that carry the corresponding patient mutations, WASp L272P or WASp I296T, we examined the B-cell response. RESULTS XLN patients had normal naive B cells and plasmablasts, but reduced IgA+ B cells and memory B cells, and poor B-cell proliferation. On immunization, XLN mice had a 2-fold reduction in germinal center B cells in spleen, but with increased generation of plasmablasts and plasma cells. In vitro, XLN B cells showed reduced immunoglobulin class switching and aberrant cell division as well as increased production of immunoglobulin-switched plasma cells. CONCLUSIONS Overactive WASp predisposes B cells for premature differentiation into plasma cells at the expense of cell proliferation and immunoglobulin class switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui He
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mezida B Saeed
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julien Record
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marton Keszei
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lia Gonçalves Pinho
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Vasconcelos-Fontes
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberta D'Aulerio
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rhaissa Vieira
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariana M S Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Geyer
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Bohaumilitzky
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meike Thiemann
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ekaterina Deordieva
- Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical and Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lieselot Buedts
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joao Pedro Matias Lopes
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dmitry Pershin
- Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical and Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yu Xia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Adrian J Thrasher
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siobhan O Burns
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Department of Immunology, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical and Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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9
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Record J, Saeed MB, Venit T, Percipalle P, Westerberg LS. Journey to the Center of the Cell: Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Actin in Immune Cell Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682294. [PMID: 34422807 PMCID: PMC8375500 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeletal dynamics drive cellular shape changes, linking numerous cell functions to physiological and pathological cues. Mutations in actin regulators that are differentially expressed or enriched in immune cells cause severe human diseases known as primary immunodeficiencies underscoring the importance of efficienct actin remodeling in immune cell homeostasis. Here we discuss recent findings on how immune cells sense the mechanical properties of their environement. Moreover, while the organization and biochemical regulation of cytoplasmic actin have been extensively studied, nuclear actin reorganization is a rapidly emerging field that has only begun to be explored in immune cells. Based on the critical and multifaceted contributions of cytoplasmic actin in immune cell functionality, nuclear actin regulation is anticipated to have a large impact on our understanding of immune cell development and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Record
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mezida B. Saeed
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Venit
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Kritikou JS, Oliveira MM, Record J, Saeed MB, Nigam SM, He M, Keszei M, Wagner AK, Brauner H, Sendel A, Sedimbi SK, Rentouli S, Lane DP, Snapper SB, Kärre K, Vandenberghe P, Orange JS, Westerberg LS. Constitutive activation of WASp leads to abnormal cytotoxic cells with increased granzyme B and degranulation response to target cells. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140273. [PMID: 33621210 PMCID: PMC8026198 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked neutropenia (XLN) is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the actin regulator Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp). XLN patients have reduced numbers of cytotoxic cells in peripheral blood; however, their capacity to kill tumor cells remains to be determined. Here, we examined NK and T cells from 2 patients with XLN harboring the activating WASpL270P mutation. XLN patient NK and T cells had increased granzyme B content and elevated degranulation and IFN-γ production when compared with healthy control cells. Murine WASpL272P NK and T cells formed stable synapses with YAC-1 tumor cells and anti-CD3/CD28-coated beads, respectively. WASpL272P mouse T cells had normal degranulation and cytokine response whereas WASpL272P NK cells showed an enhanced response. Imaging experiments revealed that while WASpL272P CD8+ T cells had increased accumulation of actin upon TCR activation, WASpL272P NK cells had normal actin accumulation at lytic synapses triggered through NKp46 signaling but had impaired response to lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 engagement. When compared with WT mice, WASpL272P mice showed reduced growth of B16 melanoma and increased capacity to reject MHC class I-deficient cells. Together, our data suggest that cytotoxic cells with constitutively active WASp have an increased capacity to respond to and kill tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julien Record
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Mezida B. Saeed
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Saket M. Nigam
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Minghui He
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Marton Keszei
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Arnika K. Wagner
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Hanna Brauner
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Sendel
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | | | | | - David P. Lane
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Gastroenterology Division, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Klas Kärre
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | | | - Jordan S. Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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11
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Kang EM. Disease Presentation, Treatment Options, and Outcomes for Myeloid Immunodeficiencies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:14. [PMID: 33666780 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Up-to-date review on various types of immunodeficiencies with a significant myeloid component including some more recently described congenital disorders. RECENT FINDINGS While a number of disorders have been described in the past, genetic sequencing has led to the identification of the specific disorders and clarified their pathophysiology. Advances in genetic therapies including genetic editing should provide future treatments beyond hematopoietic stem cell transplant for patients with these rare disorders. Neutrophils (or granulocytes) are a major contributor to infection surveillance and clearance, and defective neutrophils characteristically lead to pyogenic infections. Deficiency in numbers, either iatrogenic or congenital; functional defects; and/or inability to target to the sites of infection can all lead to serious morbidity and mortality; however, myeloid-based immunodeficiencies are not all the same. Having absent neutrophils, that is, neutropenia, has implications different to those of having dysfunctional neutrophils as will become evident as the various disorders are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Kang
- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease/National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 6-3752, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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12
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Mastio J, Saeed MB, Wurzer H, Krecke M, Westerberg LS, Thomas C. Higher Incidence of B Cell Malignancies in Primary Immunodeficiencies: A Combination of Intrinsic Genomic Instability and Exocytosis Defects at the Immunological Synapse. Front Immunol 2020; 11:581119. [PMID: 33240268 PMCID: PMC7680899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital defects of the immune system called primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) describe a group of diseases characterized by a decrease, an absence, or a malfunction of at least one part of the immune system. As a result, PID patients are more prone to develop life-threatening complications, including cancer. PID currently include over 400 different disorders, however, the variety of PID-related cancers is narrow. We discuss here reasons for this clinical phenotype. Namely, PID can lead to cell intrinsic failure to control cell transformation, failure to activate tumor surveillance by cytotoxic cells or both. As the most frequent tumors seen among PID patients stem from faulty lymphocyte development leading to leukemia and lymphoma, we focus on the extensive genomic alterations needed to create the vast diversity of B and T lymphocytes with potential to recognize any pathogen and why defects in these processes lead to malignancies in the immunodeficient environment of PID patients. In the second part of the review, we discuss PID affecting tumor surveillance and especially membrane trafficking defects caused by altered exocytosis and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. As an impairment of these membrane trafficking pathways often results in dysfunctional effector immune cells, tumor cell immune evasion is elevated in PID. By considering new anti-cancer treatment concepts, such as transfer of genetically engineered immune cells, restoration of anti-tumor immunity in PID patients could be an approach to complement standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Mastio
- Department of Oncology, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Mezida B Saeed
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah Wurzer
- Department of Oncology, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Max Krecke
- Department of Oncology, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clément Thomas
- Department of Oncology, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
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13
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Blumenthal D, Chandra V, Avery L, Burkhardt JK. Mouse T cell priming is enhanced by maturation-dependent stiffening of the dendritic cell cortex. eLife 2020; 9:e55995. [PMID: 32720892 PMCID: PMC7417170 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation by dendritic cells (DCs) involves forces exerted by the T cell actin cytoskeleton, which are opposed by the cortical cytoskeleton of the interacting antigen-presenting cell. During an immune response, DCs undergo a maturation process that optimizes their ability to efficiently prime naïve T cells. Using atomic force microscopy, we find that during maturation, DC cortical stiffness increases via a process that involves actin polymerization. Using stimulatory hydrogels and DCs expressing mutant cytoskeletal proteins, we find that increasing stiffness lowers the agonist dose needed for T cell activation. CD4+ T cells exhibit much more profound stiffness dependency than CD8+ T cells. Finally, stiffness responses are most robust when T cells are stimulated with pMHC rather than anti-CD3ε, consistent with a mechanosensing mechanism involving receptor deformation. Taken together, our data reveal that maturation-associated cytoskeletal changes alter the biophysical properties of DCs, providing mechanical cues that costimulate T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Blumenthal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Vidhi Chandra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Lyndsay Avery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Janis K Burkhardt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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14
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Jung S, Gies V, Korganow AS, Guffroy A. Primary Immunodeficiencies With Defects in Innate Immunity: Focus on Orofacial Manifestations. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1065. [PMID: 32625202 PMCID: PMC7314950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) is rapidly evolving. Indeed, the number of described diseases is constantly increasing thanks to the rapid identification of novel genetic defects by next-generation sequencing. PIDs are now rather referred to as “inborn errors of immunity” due to the association between a wide range of immune dysregulation-related clinical features and the “prototypic” increased infection susceptibility. The phenotypic spectrum of PIDs is therefore very large and includes several orofacial features. However, the latter are often overshadowed by severe systemic manifestations and remain underdiagnosed. Patients with impaired innate immunity are predisposed to a variety of oral manifestations including oral infections (e.g., candidiasis, herpes gingivostomatitis), aphthous ulcers, and severe periodontal diseases. Although less frequently, they can also show orofacial developmental abnormalities. Oral lesions can even represent the main clinical manifestation of some PIDs or be inaugural, being therefore one of the first features indicating the existence of an underlying immune defect. The aim of this review is to describe the orofacial features associated with the different PIDs of innate immunity based on the new 2019 classification from the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) expert committee. This review highlights the important role played by the dentist, in close collaboration with the multidisciplinary medical team, in the management and the diagnostic of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Jung
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Strasbourg, France.,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Orales et Dentaires (O-Rares), Pôle de Médecine et de Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaires, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1109 "Molecular ImmunoRheumatology", Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Gies
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1109 "Molecular ImmunoRheumatology", Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares (RESO), Centre de Compétences des Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Korganow
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1109 "Molecular ImmunoRheumatology", Strasbourg, France.,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares (RESO), Centre de Compétences des Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélien Guffroy
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR_S 1109 "Molecular ImmunoRheumatology", Strasbourg, France.,Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service d'Immunologie Clinique et de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares (RESO), Centre de Compétences des Déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
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15
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Saeed MB, Record J, Westerberg LS. Two sides of the coin: Cytoskeletal regulation of immune synapses in cancer and primary immune deficiencies. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 356:1-97. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Kim D, Uner A, Saglam A, Chadburn A, Crane GM. Peripheral eosinophilia in primary immunodeficiencies of actin dysregulation: A case series of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, CARMIL2 and DOCK8 deficiency and review of the literature. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 43:151413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.151413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Wen KK, Han SS, Vyas YM. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein senses irradiation-induced DNA damage to coordinate the cell-protective Golgi dispersal response in human T and B lymphocytes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 145:324-334. [PMID: 31604087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked primary immune deficiency disorder resulting from Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) deficiency. Lymphocytes from patients with WAS manifest increased DNA damage and lymphopenia from cell death, yet how WASp influences DNA damage-linked cell survival is unknown. A recently described mechanism promoting cell survival after ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage involves fragmentation and dispersal of the Golgi apparatus, known as the Golgi-dispersal response (GDR), which uses the Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3)-DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK)-myosin XVIIIA-F-actin signaling pathway. OBJECTIVE We sought to define WASp's role in the DNA damage-induced GDR and its disruption as a contributor to the development of radiosensitivity-linked immunodeficiency in patients with WAS. METHODS In human TH and B-cell culture systems, DNA damage-induced GDR elicited by IR or radiomimetic chemotherapy was monitored in the presence or absence of WASp or GOLPH3 alone or both together. RESULTS WASp deficiency completely prevents the development of IR-induced GDR in human TH and B cells, despite the high DNA damage load. Loss of WASp impedes nuclear translocation of GOLPH3 and its colocalization with the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). Surprisingly, however, depletion of GOLPH3 alone or depolymerization of F-actin in WASp-sufficient TH cells still allows development of robust GDR, suggesting that WASp, but not GOLPH3, is essential for GDR and cell survival after IR-induced DNA-damage in human lymphocytes. CONCLUSION The study identifies WASp as a novel effector of the nucleus-to-Golgi cell-survival pathway triggered by IR-induced DNA damage in cells of the hematolymphoid lineage and proposes an impaired GDR as a new cause for development of a "radiosensitive" form of immune dysregulation in patients with WAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Kuang Wen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, and the Stead Family University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Seong-Su Han
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, and the Stead Family University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yatin M Vyas
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, and the Stead Family University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa.
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18
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Record J, Sendel A, Kritikou JS, Kuznetsov NV, Brauner H, He M, Nagy N, Oliveira MMS, Griseti E, Haase CB, Dahlström J, Boddul S, Wermeling F, Thrasher AJ, Liu C, Andersson J, Claesson HE, Winqvist O, Burns SO, Björkholm M, Westerberg LS. An intronic deletion in megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 is associated with hyperproliferation of B cells in triplets with Hodgkin lymphoma. Haematologica 2019; 105:1339-1350. [PMID: 31582539 PMCID: PMC7193474 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.216317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) is a coactivator of serum response factor and together they regulate transcription of actin cytoskeleton genes. MKL1 is associated with hematologic malignancies and immunodeficiency, but its role in B cells is unexplored. Here we examined B cells from monozygotic triplets with an intronic deletion in MKL1, two of whom had been previously treated for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). To investigate MKL1 and B-cell responses in the pathogenesis of HL, we generated Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines from the triplets and two controls. While cells from the patients with treated HL had a phenotype close to that of the healthy controls, cells from the undiagnosed triplet had increased MKL1 mRNA, increased MKL1 protein, and elevated expression of MKL1-dependent genes. This profile was associated with elevated actin content, increased cell spreading, decreased expression of CD11a integrin molecules, and delayed aggregation. Moreover, cells from the undiagnosed triplet proliferated faster, displayed a higher proportion of cells with hyperploidy, and formed large tumors in vivo This phenotype was reversible by inhibiting MKL1 activity. Interestingly, cells from the triplet treated for HL in 1985 contained two subpopulations: one with high expression of CD11a that behaved like control cells and the other with low expression of CD11a that formed large tumors in vivo similar to cells from the undiagnosed triplet. This implies that pre-malignant cells had re-emerged a long time after treatment. Together, these data suggest that dysregulated MKL1 activity participates in B-cell transformation and the pathogenesis of HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Record
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Sendel
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna S Kritikou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nikolai V Kuznetsov
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minghui He
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noemi Nagy
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariana M S Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Griseti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph B Haase
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Dahlström
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanjaykumar Boddul
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - John Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Erik Claesson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Winqvist
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siobhan O Burns
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Magnus Björkholm
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Bolger-Munro M, Choi K, Scurll JM, Abraham L, Chappell RS, Sheen D, Dang-Lawson M, Wu X, Priatel JJ, Coombs D, Hammer JA, Gold MR. Arp2/3 complex-driven spatial patterning of the BCR enhances immune synapse formation, BCR signaling and B cell activation. eLife 2019; 8:e44574. [PMID: 31157616 PMCID: PMC6591008 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
When B cells encounter antigens on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell (APC), B cell receptors (BCRs) are gathered into microclusters that recruit signaling enzymes. These microclusters then move centripetally and coalesce into the central supramolecular activation cluster of an immune synapse. The mechanisms controlling BCR organization during immune synapse formation, and how this impacts BCR signaling, are not fully understood. We show that this coalescence of BCR microclusters depends on the actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex, which nucleates branched actin networks. Moreover, in murine B cells, this dynamic spatial reorganization of BCR microclusters amplifies proximal BCR signaling reactions and enhances the ability of membrane-associated antigens to induce transcriptional responses and proliferation. Our finding that Arp2/3 complex activity is important for B cell responses to spatially restricted membrane-bound antigens, but not for soluble antigens, highlights a critical role for Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin remodeling in B cell responses to APC-bound antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Bolger-Munro
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Life Sciences Institute, I3 Research GroupUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Kate Choi
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Life Sciences Institute, I3 Research GroupUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Joshua M Scurll
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Applied MathematicsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Libin Abraham
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Life Sciences Institute, I3 Research GroupUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Applied MathematicsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Rhys S Chappell
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Applied MathematicsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Duke Sheen
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Life Sciences Institute, I3 Research GroupUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - May Dang-Lawson
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Life Sciences Institute, I3 Research GroupUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Xufeng Wu
- Cell Biology and Physiology CenterNational Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - John J Priatel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research InstituteVancouverCanada
| | - Daniel Coombs
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Applied MathematicsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - John A Hammer
- Cell Biology and Physiology CenterNational Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Michael R Gold
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
- Life Sciences Institute, I3 Research GroupUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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20
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Wurzer H, Hoffmann C, Al Absi A, Thomas C. Actin Cytoskeleton Straddling the Immunological Synapse between Cytotoxic Lymphocytes and Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050463. [PMID: 31100864 PMCID: PMC6563383 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a fundamental part of the tumor microenvironment. In particular, cytotoxic lymphocytes, such as cytolytic T cells and natural killer cells, control tumor growth and disease progression by interacting and eliminating tumor cells. The actin cytoskeleton of cytotoxic lymphocytes engaged in an immunological synapse has received considerable research attention. It has been recognized as a central mediator of the formation and maturation of the immunological synapse, and its signaling and cytolytic activities. In comparison, fewer studies have explored the organization and function of actin filaments on the target cancer cell side of the immunological synapse. However, there is growing evidence that the actin cytoskeleton of cancer cells also undergoes extensive remodeling upon cytotoxic lymphocyte attack, and that such remodeling can alter physical and functional interactions at the immunological synapse. In this article, we review the current knowledge of actin organization and functions at both sides of the immunological synapse between cytotoxic lymphocytes and cancer cells, with particular focus on synapse formation, signaling and cytolytic activity, and immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Wurzer
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression; Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
- University of Luxembourg, Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, 2 Avenue de l'Université, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Céline Hoffmann
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression; Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
| | - Antoun Al Absi
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression; Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
- University of Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Clément Thomas
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression; Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
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21
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T-cell defects in patients with ARPC1B germline mutations account for combined immunodeficiency. Blood 2018. [PMID: 30254128 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-863431)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
ARPC1B is a key factor for the assembly and maintenance of the ARP2/3 complex that is involved in actin branching from an existing filament. Germline biallelic mutations in ARPC1B have been recently described in 6 patients with clinical features of combined immunodeficiency (CID), whose neutrophils and platelets but not T lymphocytes were studied. We hypothesized that ARPC1B deficiency may also lead to cytoskeleton and functional defects in T cells. We have identified biallelic mutations in ARPC1B in 6 unrelated patients with early onset disease characterized by severe infections, autoimmune manifestations, and thrombocytopenia. Immunological features included T-cell lymphopenia, low numbers of naïve T cells, and hyper-immunoglobulin E. Alteration in ARPC1B protein structure led to absent/low expression by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. This molecular defect was associated with the inability of patient-derived T cells to extend an actin-rich lamellipodia upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and to assemble an immunological synapse. ARPC1B-deficient T cells additionally displayed impaired TCR-mediated proliferation and SDF1-α-directed migration. Gene transfer of ARPC1B in patients' T cells using a lentiviral vector restored both ARPC1B expression and T-cell proliferation in vitro. In 2 of the patients, in vivo somatic reversion restored ARPC1B expression in a fraction of lymphocytes and was associated with a skewed TCR repertoire. In 1 revertant patient, memory CD8+ T cells expressing normal levels of ARPC1B displayed improved T-cell migration. Inherited ARPC1B deficiency therefore alters T-cell cytoskeletal dynamics and functions, contributing to the clinical features of CID.
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22
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T-cell defects in patients with ARPC1B germline mutations account for combined immunodeficiency. Blood 2018; 132:2362-2374. [PMID: 30254128 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-863431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
ARPC1B is a key factor for the assembly and maintenance of the ARP2/3 complex that is involved in actin branching from an existing filament. Germline biallelic mutations in ARPC1B have been recently described in 6 patients with clinical features of combined immunodeficiency (CID), whose neutrophils and platelets but not T lymphocytes were studied. We hypothesized that ARPC1B deficiency may also lead to cytoskeleton and functional defects in T cells. We have identified biallelic mutations in ARPC1B in 6 unrelated patients with early onset disease characterized by severe infections, autoimmune manifestations, and thrombocytopenia. Immunological features included T-cell lymphopenia, low numbers of naïve T cells, and hyper-immunoglobulin E. Alteration in ARPC1B protein structure led to absent/low expression by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. This molecular defect was associated with the inability of patient-derived T cells to extend an actin-rich lamellipodia upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and to assemble an immunological synapse. ARPC1B-deficient T cells additionally displayed impaired TCR-mediated proliferation and SDF1-α-directed migration. Gene transfer of ARPC1B in patients' T cells using a lentiviral vector restored both ARPC1B expression and T-cell proliferation in vitro. In 2 of the patients, in vivo somatic reversion restored ARPC1B expression in a fraction of lymphocytes and was associated with a skewed TCR repertoire. In 1 revertant patient, memory CD8+ T cells expressing normal levels of ARPC1B displayed improved T-cell migration. Inherited ARPC1B deficiency therefore alters T-cell cytoskeletal dynamics and functions, contributing to the clinical features of CID.
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Keszei M, Record J, Kritikou JS, Wurzer H, Geyer C, Thiemann M, Drescher P, Brauner H, Köcher L, James J, He M, Baptista MA, Dahlberg CI, Biswas A, Lain S, Lane DP, Song W, Pütsep K, Vandenberghe P, Snapper SB, Westerberg LS. Constitutive activation of WASp in X-linked neutropenia renders neutrophils hyperactive. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4115-4131. [PMID: 30124469 PMCID: PMC6118594 DOI: 10.1172/jci64772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital neutropenia is characterized by low absolute neutrophil numbers in blood, leading to recurrent bacterial infections, and patients often require life-long granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) support. X-linked neutropenia (XLN) is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the actin regulator Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp). To understand the pathophysiology in XLN and the role of WASp in neutrophils, we here examined XLN patients and 2 XLN mouse models. XLN patients had reduced myelopoiesis and extremely low blood neutrophil number. However, their neutrophils had a hyperactive phenotype and were present in normal numbers in XLN patient saliva. Murine XLN neutrophils were hyperactivated, with increased actin dynamics and migration into tissues. We provide molecular evidence that the hyperactivity of XLN neutrophils is caused by WASp in a constitutively open conformation due to contingent phosphorylation of the critical tyrosine-293 and plasma membrane localization. This renders WASp activity less dependent on regulation by PI3K. Our data show that the amplitude of WASp activity inside a cell could be enhanced by cell-surface receptor signaling even in the context in which WASp is already in an active conformation. Moreover, these data categorize XLN as an atypical congenital neutropenia in which constitutive activation of WASp in tissue neutrophils compensates for reduced myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marton Keszei
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julien Record
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna S. Kritikou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah Wurzer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Geyer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meike Thiemann
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Drescher
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Köcher
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaime James
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minghui He
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marisa A.P. Baptista
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carin I.M. Dahlberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amlan Biswas
- Gastroenterology Division, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sonia Lain
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David P. Lane
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrin Pütsep
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Vandenberghe
- Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven and Hematology/Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Gastroenterology Division, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Keszei M, Kritikou JS, Sandfort D, He M, Oliveira MMS, Wurzer H, Kuiper RV, Westerberg LS. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome gene mutations modulate cancer susceptibility in the p53 ± murine model. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1468954. [PMID: 30393584 PMCID: PMC6209425 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1468954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is a key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton in hematopoietic cells and mutated in two severe immunodeficiency diseases with high incidence of cancer. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in WASp and most frequently associated with lymphoreticular tumors of poor prognosis. X-linked neuropenia (XLN) is caused by gain-of-function mutations in WASp and associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). To understand the role of WASp in tumorigenesis, we bred WASp+, WASp−, and WASp-XLN mice onto tumor susceptible p53+/- background and sub-lethally irradiated them to enhance tumor development. We followed the cohorts for 24 weeks and tumors were characterized by histology and flow cytometry to define the tumor incidence, onset, and cell origin. We found that p53+/-WASp+ mice developed malignancies, including solid tumors and T cell lymphomas with 71.4% of survival 24 weeks after irradiation. p53+/-WASp− mice showed lower survival rate and developed various early onset malignancies. Surprisingly, the p53+/-WASp-XLN mice developed malignancy mostly with late onset, which caused delayed mortality in this colony. This study provides evidence for that loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations in WASp influence tumor incidence and onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marton Keszei
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna S Kritikou
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deborah Sandfort
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minghui He
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariana M S Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah Wurzer
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raoul V Kuiper
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Coppe A, Nogara L, Pizzuto MS, Cani A, Cesaro S, Masetti R, Locatelli F, Te Kronnie G, Basso G, Bortoluzzi S, Bresolin S. Somatic mutations activating Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein concomitant with RAS pathway mutations in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia patients. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:579-587. [PMID: 29316027 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The WAS gene product is expressed exclusively in the cytoplasm of hematopoietic cells and constitutional genetic abrogation of WASP leads to Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). Moreover, mutational activation of WASP has been associated with X-linked neutropenia. Although studies reported that patients with constitutional WAS mutations affecting functional WASP expression may present juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)-like features, confounding differential diagnosis above all in the copresence of mutated RAS, an activating somatic mutation of WASP has not been previously described in JMML patients. In our ongoing studies on JMML genomics, we at first detected a somatic WAS mutation in a major clone found at two consecutive relapses in one of two twins with JMML. Both twins were treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after diagnosis of JMML. The somatic WAS mutation detected here displayed an activating WASP phenotype. Screening of 46 sporadic JMML patients at disease onset for mutations in the same PBD domain of WAS revealed two additional singleton patients carrying minor mutated clones. This is the first study to associate somatically acquired WASP mutations with a hematopoietic malignancy and increases insight in the complexity of the genomic landscape of JMML that shows low recurrent mutations concomitant with general hyperactivation of RAS pathway signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Coppe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Nogara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Samuele Pizzuto
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Cani
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Oncologia ed Ematologia Pediatrica "Lalla Seràgnoli", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
| | - Geertruy Te Kronnie
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basso
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Bresolin
- Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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26
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Ohya T, Yanagimachi M, Iwasawa K, Umetsu S, Sogo T, Inui A, Fujisawa T, Ito S. Childhood-onset inflammatory bowel diseases associated with mutation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein gene. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8544-8552. [PMID: 29358862 PMCID: PMC5752714 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i48.8544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To screen primary immunodeficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) among children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
METHODS This was a single-center retrospective study. Eighteen children with IBD were investigated. We analyzed their expression of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) in lymphocytes and superoxide generation in phagocytes using flow cytometry. When the expression of WASP or superoxide generation was low or absent, we performed genetic analysis to determine the cause of this.
RESULTS Eighteen patients were classified as having ulcerative colitis (n = 10), Crohn’s disease (n = 5), or IBD-unclassified (n = 3). In total, three patients revealed low expression of WASP associated with a WAS gene c.1378 C>T p.Pro460Ser mutation, which has previously been reported as a pathogenic mutation in WAS and X-linked thrombocytopenia. However, with respect to the major symptoms of WAS, none of these three patients showed either thrombocytopenia or increased susceptibility to infection, but one patient showed generalized eczema. No CGD patients were discovered in this study.
CONCLUSION Despite the lack of typical clinical manifestations of WAS, low expression of WASP could be associated with the pathogenesis of a subtype of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ohya
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-004, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Yanagimachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-004, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kentaro Iwasawa
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Yokohama-shi Tobu Hostopital, Turumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0012, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Umetsu
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Yokohama-shi Tobu Hostopital, Turumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0012, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sogo
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Yokohama-shi Tobu Hostopital, Turumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0012, Japan
| | - Ayano Inui
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Yokohama-shi Tobu Hostopital, Turumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0012, Japan
| | - Tomoo Fujisawa
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Yokohama-shi Tobu Hostopital, Turumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0012, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-004, Japan
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27
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Sarkar K, Han SS, Wen KK, Ochs HD, Dupré L, Seidman MM, Vyas YM. R-loops cause genomic instability in T helper lymphocytes from patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:219-234. [PMID: 29248492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT), and X-linked neutropenia, which are caused by WAS mutations affecting Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) expression or activity, manifest in immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, genomic instability, and lymphoid and other cancers. WASp supports filamentous actin formation in the cytoplasm and gene transcription in the nucleus. Although the genetic basis for XLT/WAS has been clarified, the relationships between mutant forms of WASp and the diverse features of these disorders remain ill-defined. OBJECTIVE We sought to define how dysfunctional gene transcription is causally linked to the degree of TH cell deficiency and genomic instability in the XLT/WAS clinical spectrum. METHODS In human TH1- or TH2-skewing cell culture systems, cotranscriptional R-loops (RNA/DNA duplex and displaced single-stranded DNA) and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were monitored in multiple samples from patients with XLT and WAS and in normal T cells depleted of WASp. RESULTS WASp deficiency provokes increased R-loops and R-loop-mediated DSBs in TH1 cells relative to TH2 cells. Mechanistically, chromatin occupancy of serine 2-unphosphorylated RNA polymerase II is increased, and that of topoisomerase 1, an R-loop preventing factor, is decreased at R-loop-enriched regions of IFNG and TBX21 (TH1 genes) in TH1 cells. These aberrations accompany increased unspliced (intron-retained) and decreased spliced mRNA of IFNG and TBX21 but not IL13 (TH2 gene). Significantly, increased cellular load of R-loops and DSBs, which are normalized on RNaseH1-mediated suppression of ectopic R-loops, inversely correlates with disease severity scores. CONCLUSION Transcriptional R-loop imbalance is a novel molecular defect causative in TH1 immunodeficiency and genomic instability in patients with WAS. The study proposes that cellular R-loop load could be used as a potential biomarker for monitoring symptom severity and prognostic outcome in the XLT-WAS clinical spectrum and could be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koustav Sarkar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Carver College of Medicine and the University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Md
| | - Seong-Su Han
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Carver College of Medicine and the University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Md
| | - Kuo-Kuang Wen
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Carver College of Medicine and the University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Md
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Md
| | - Loïc Dupré
- INSERM, UMR1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, Md; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, Md; CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, Md; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Md; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Md
| | - Michael M Seidman
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, Md
| | - Yatin M Vyas
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Carver College of Medicine and the University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Md.
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28
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Kuznetsov NV, Almuzzaini B, Kritikou JS, Baptista MAP, Oliveira MMS, Keszei M, Snapper SB, Percipalle P, Westerberg LS. Nuclear Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein co-regulates T cell factor 1-mediated transcription in T cells. Genome Med 2017; 9:91. [PMID: 29078804 PMCID: PMC5660450 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) family of actin-nucleating factors are present in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. The role of nuclear WASp for T cell development remains incompletely defined. METHODS We performed WASp chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) in thymocytes and spleen CD4+ T cells. RESULTS WASp was enriched at genic and intergenic regions and associated with the transcription start sites of protein-coding genes. Thymocytes and spleen CD4+ T cells showed 15 common WASp-interacting genes, including the gene encoding T cell factor (TCF)12. WASp KO thymocytes had reduced nuclear TCF12 whereas thymocytes expressing constitutively active WASpL272P and WASpI296T had increased nuclear TCF12, suggesting that regulated WASp activity controlled nuclear TCF12. We identify a putative DNA element enriched in WASp ChIP-seq samples identical to a TCF1-binding site and we show that WASp directly interacted with TCF1 in the nucleus. CONCLUSIONS These data place nuclear WASp in proximity with TCF1 and TCF12, essential factors for T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V Kuznetsov
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Bader Almuzzaini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Medical Genomic Research Department, MNGHA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joanna S Kritikou
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Marisa A P Baptista
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.,Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mariana M S Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Marton Keszei
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Gastroenterology Division, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.,Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
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29
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Adam S, Melguizo Sanchis D, El-Kamah G, Samarasinghe S, Alharthi S, Armstrong L, Lako M. Concise Review: Getting to the Core of Inherited Bone Marrow Failures. Stem Cells 2016; 35:284-298. [PMID: 27870251 PMCID: PMC5299470 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS) are a group of disorders with complex pathophysiology characterized by a common phenotype of peripheral cytopenia and/or hypoplastic bone marrow. Understanding genetic factors contributing to the pathophysiology of BMFS has enabled the identification of causative genes and development of diagnostic tests. To date more than 40 mutations in genes involved in maintenance of genomic stability, DNA repair, ribosome and telomere biology have been identified. In addition, pathophysiological studies have provided insights into several biological pathways leading to the characterization of genotype/phenotype correlations as well as the development of diagnostic approaches and management strategies. Recent developments in bone marrow transplant techniques and the choice of conditioning regimens have helped improve transplant outcomes. However, current morbidity and mortality remain unacceptable underlining the need for further research in this area. Studies in mice have largely been unable to mimic disease phenotype in humans due to difficulties in fully replicating the human mutations and the differences between mouse and human cells with regard to telomere length regulation, processing of reactive oxygen species and lifespan. Recent advances in induced pluripotency have provided novel insights into disease pathogenesis and have generated excellent platforms for identifying signaling pathways and functional mapping of haplo‐insufficient genes involved in large‐scale chromosomal deletions–associated disorders. In this review, we have summarized the current state of knowledge in the field of BMFS with specific focus on modeling the inherited forms and how to best utilize these models for the development of targeted therapies. Stem Cells2017;35:284–298
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheir Adam
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Hematology Department, Medical School, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | | | - Ghada El-Kamah
- Division of Human Genetics & Genome Research, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sujith Samarasinghe
- Department of Hematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sameer Alharthi
- Princess Al Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, KSA
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
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30
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Palaniappan C, Rao S, Ramalingam R. Unraveling the molecular effects of mutation L270P on Wiskkot–Aldrich syndrome protein: insights from molecular dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 34:2011-22. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekaran Palaniappan
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sethumadhavan Rao
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajasekaran Ramalingam
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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31
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Bonilla FA, Khan DA, Ballas ZK, Chinen J, Frank MM, Hsu JT, Keller M, Kobrynski LJ, Komarow HD, Mazer B, Nelson RP, Orange JS, Routes JM, Shearer WT, Sorensen RU, Verbsky JW, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Lang D, Nicklas RA, Oppenheimer J, Portnoy JM, Randolph CR, Schuller D, Spector SL, Tilles S, Wallace D. Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1186-205.e1-78. [PMID: 26371839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) and the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI) have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing the "Practice parameter for the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiency." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing environment, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including those who served on the Joint Task Force, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion.
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32
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Cotta-de-Almeida V, Dupré L, Guipouy D, Vasconcelos Z. Signal Integration during T Lymphocyte Activation and Function: Lessons from the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. Front Immunol 2015; 6:47. [PMID: 25709608 PMCID: PMC4321635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, research dedicated to the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying primary immunodeficiencies (PID) has helped to understand the etiology of many of these diseases and to develop novel therapeutic approaches. Beyond these aspects, PID are also studied because they offer invaluable natural genetic tools to dissect the human immune system. In this review, we highlight the research that has focused over the last 20 years on T lymphocytes from Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) patients. WAS T lymphocytes are defective for the WAS protein (WASP), a regulator of actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Therefore, study of WAS T lymphocytes has helped to grasp that many steps of T lymphocyte activation and function depend on the crosstalk between membrane receptors and the actin cytoskeleton. These steps include motility, immunological synapse assembly, and signaling, as well as the implementation of helper, regulatory, or cytotoxic effector functions. The recent concept that WASP also works as a regulator of transcription within the nucleus is an illustration of the complexity of signal integration in T lymphocytes. Finally, this review will discuss how further study of WAS may contribute to solve novel challenges of T lymphocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loïc Dupré
- UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; UMR 5282, CNRS , Toulouse , France
| | - Delphine Guipouy
- UMR 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; UMR 5282, CNRS , Toulouse , France
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33
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Gari M, Dakhakhni M, Gari A, Alshihri E, Al-Jahdali R, Narasimhan K, Liang S, Al-Sayes F, Kalamegam G, Chaudhary A, Abuzenadah A, Al-Qahtani M. Incidence and potential causative factors associated with chronic benign neutropenia in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. BMC Proc 2015; 9:S1. [PMID: 25810761 PMCID: PMC4332021 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-9-s2-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Benign neutropenia often presents in certain populations without any genotype nor phenotype. Middle East countries are among the regions where endemic cases of chronic benign neutropenia are reported in the general population with an incidence of approximately between 10-15%. Not many studies have been performed to ascertain the cause or burden associated with this condition. The objective of the current study was to identify the frequency and characterize the consequences of chronic benign neutropenia in the country of Saudi Arabia. Results Benign neutropenia was found to be high in the Saudi Arabia general population (up to 20%), with an average neutrophil count of 1.48 (range 0.99 – 1.95 × 109cells/L), with Saudis having a higher incidence of chronic benign neutropenia compared to non-Saudis (p = <0.05). Complete blood count analyses showed significant difference in the total white cell count of neutrophils (p < 0.0001), WBC (p < 0.0001), lymphocytes (p < 0.001), monocytes (p < 0.001), eosinophils (p = 0.013) as well as the CD19 B cells (p = 0.008). Conclusions Our study is the first to carefully quantitate benign neutropenia in Saudi Arabia. We identified that this condition is prevalent in the middle aged population (18 years to 55 years). These individuals not only had lower neutrophil counts, but also reduced peripheral blood cells types, especially the B-lymphocyte population (CD19 subset). As B-lymphocytes are involved in antibody production and antigen recognition, a decrease might easily predispose the individuals to infectious agents. As such more mechanistic studies need to be undertaken to understand the cause and potential long-term consequences of benign neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdooh Gari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia ; Centre for Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Dakhakhni
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Gari
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erada Alshihri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowan Al-Jahdali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kothandaraman Narasimhan
- Centre for Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shen Liang
- Biostatistics Unit at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fatin Al-Sayes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hematology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gauthaman Kalamegam
- Centre for Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia ; Centre for Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abuzenadah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia ; Centre for Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia ; Centre for Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University PO Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), caused by mutations in the WAS gene, is a complex and diverse disorder with X-linked inheritance. This review focuses on recent developments in the understanding of its basic pathophysiology, diverse clinical phenotypes and optimal patient management including novel therapies. RECENT FINDINGS The protein encoded by the WAS gene is a multifunctional signaling element expressed in immune and hematopoietic cells that plays a critical role in cytoskeletal reorganization, immune synapse formation and intracellular signaling. The type of specific mutation, its location within the gene and its effect on protein expression play a major role in determining an individual patient's clinical phenotype. Recent clinical observations and molecular studies have created a sophisticated picture of the disease spectrum. The improved outcome of stem cell transplantation from related and unrelated matched donors and promising early results from the first clinical gene therapy trial have added new therapeutic options for these patients. SUMMARY Classic WAS, X-linked thrombocytopenia and X-linked neutropenia are caused by WAS gene mutations, each having a distinct pattern of clinical symptoms and disease severity. New developments in the understanding of these syndromes and novel therapeutic options will have a major impact on the treatment of individuals with WAS mutations.
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Disruption of hSWI/SNF complexes in T cells by WAS mutations distinguishes X-linked thrombocytopenia from Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Blood 2014; 124:3409-19. [PMID: 25253772 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-07-587642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), an immunodeficiency disorder, and X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT), a bleeding disorder, both arise from nonsynonymous mutations in WAS, which encodes a hematopoietic-specific WASp. Intriguingly, XLT evolves into WAS in some patients but not in others; yet the biological basis for this cross-phenotype (CP) effect remains unclear. Using human T-helper (TH) cells expressing different disease-causing WAS mutations, we demonstrated that hSWI/SNF-like complexes require nuclear-WASp to execute their chromatin-remodeling activity at promoters of WASp-target, immune function genes during TH1 differentiation. Hot-spot WAS mutations Thr45Met and Arg86Cys, which result in XLT-to-WAS disease progression, impair recruitment of hBRM- but not BRG1-enriched BAF complexes to IFNG and TBX21 promoters. Moreover, promoter enrichment of histone H2A.Z and its catalyzing enzyme EP400 are both impaired. Consequently, activation of Notch signaling, a hBRM-regulated event, and its downstream effector NF-κB are both compromised, along with decreased accessibility of nucleosomal DNA and inefficient transcription-elongation of WASp-target TH1 genes. In contrast, patient mutations Ala236Gly and Arg477Lys that manifest in XLT without progressing to WAS do not disrupt chromatin remodeling or transcriptional reprogramming of TH1 genes. Our study defines an indispensable relationship between nuclear-WASp- and hSWI/SNF-complexes in gene activation and reveals molecular distinctions in TH cells that might contribute to disease severity in the XLT/WAS clinical spectrum.
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Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes are key effector cells of the vertebrate immune system. They represent 50-70% of the leukocytes in the human blood and their loss by disease or drug side effect causes devastating bacterial infections. Their high turnover rate, their fine-tuned killing machinery, and their arsenal of toxic vesicles leave them particularly vulnerable to various genetic deficiencies. The aim of this review is to highlight those congenital immunodeficiencies which impede the dynamics of neutrophils, such as migration, cytoskeletal rearrangements, vesicular trafficking, and secretion.
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Abstract
The importance of the cytoskeleton in mounting a successful immune response is evident from the wide range of defects that occur in actin-related primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). Studies of these PIDs have revealed a pivotal role for the actin cytoskeleton in almost all stages of immune system function, from hematopoiesis and immune cell development, through to recruitment, migration, intercellular and intracellular signaling, and activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The major focus of this review is the immune defects that result from mutations in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome gene (WAS), which have a broad impact on many different processes and give rise to clinically heterogeneous immunodeficiencies. We also discuss other related genetic defects and the possibility of identifying new genetic causes of cytoskeletal immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale A Moulding
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Center for Immunodeficiency, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Perchellet JPH, Perchellet EM, Singh CR, Monnett MT, Studer ER, Thornton PD, Brown N, Hill D, Neuenswander B, Lushington GH, Santini C, Buszek KR. Mechanisms by which synthetic 6,7-annulated-4-substituted indole compounds with anti-proliferative activity disrupt mitosis and block cytokinesis in human HL-60 tumor cells in vitro. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:1643-1655. [PMID: 24692693 PMCID: PMC4618554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic 6,7-annulated-4-substituted indole compounds, which elicit interesting antitumor effects in murine L1210 leukemia cells, were tested for their ability to inhibit human HL-60 tumor cell proliferation, disrupt mitosis and cytokinesis, and interfere with tubulin and actin polymerization in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various markers of metabolic activity, mitotic disruption and cytokinesis were used to assess the effectiveness of the drugs in the HL-60 tumor cell system. The ability of annulated indoles to alter the polymerizations of purified tubulin and actin were monitored in cell-free assays and were compared to the effects of drugs known to disrupt the dynamic structures of the mitotic spindle and cleavage furrow. RESULTS With one exception, annulated indoles inhibited the metabolic activity of HL-60 tumor cells in the low-micromolar range after two and four days in culture but these anti-proliferative effects were weaker than those of jasplakinolide, a known actin binder that blocks cytokinesis. After 24-48 h, antiproliferative concentrations of annulated indoles increased the mitotic index of HL-60 cells similarly to vincristine and stimulated the formation of many bi-nucleated cells, multi-nucleated cells and micronuclei, similarly to taxol and jasplakinolide, suggesting that these antitumor compounds might increase mitotic abnormality, induce chromosomal damage or missegregation, and block cytokinesis. Since annulated indoles mimicked the effect of vincristine on tubulin polymerization, but not that of taxol, these compounds might represent a new class of microtubule de-stabilizing agents that inhibit tubulin polymerization. Moreover, annulated indoles remarkably increased the rate and level of actin polymerization similarly to jasplakinolide, suggesting that they might also stabilize the cleavage furrow to block cytokinesis. CONCLUSION Although novel derivatives with different substitutions must be synthesized to elucidate structure-activity relationships, identify more potent antitumor compounds and investigate different molecular targets, annulated indoles appear to interact with both tubulin to reduce microtubule assembly and actin to block cytokinesis, thereby inducing bi- and multinucleation, resulting in genomic instability and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre H Perchellet
- Anti-Cancer Drug Laboratory, Kansas State University, Division of Biology, Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-4901, U.S.A.
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Looi CY, Sasahara Y, Watanabe Y, Satoh M, Hakozaki I, Uchiyama M, Wong WF, Du W, Uchiyama T, Kumaki S, Tsuchiya S, Kure S. The open conformation of WASP regulates its nuclear localization and gene transcription in myeloid cells. Int Immunol 2014; 26:341-52. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxt072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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40
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Pathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications of congenital neutropenia syndromes. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 13:596-606. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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41
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T-cell receptor ligation causes Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein degradation and F-actin assembly downregulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:648-655.e1. [PMID: 23684068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) links T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling to the actin cytoskeleton. WASP is normally protected from degradation by the Ca(++)-dependent protease calpain and by the proteasome because of its interaction with the WASP-interacting protein. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether WASP is degraded after TCR ligation and whether its degradation downregulates F-actin assembly caused by TCR ligation. METHODS Primary T cells, Jurkat T cells, and transfected 293T cells were used in immunoprecipitation experiments. Intracellular F-actin content was measured in splenic T cells from wild-type, WASP-deficient, and c-Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl)-b-deficient mice by using flow cytometry. Calpeptin and MG-132 were used to inhibit calpain and the proteasome, respectively. RESULTS A fraction of WASP in T cells was degraded by calpain and by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway after TCR ligation. The Cbl-b and c-Cbl E3 ubiquitin ligases associated with WASP after TCR signaling and caused its ubiquitination. Inhibition of calpain and lack of Cbl-b resulted in a significantly more sustained increase in F-actin content after TCR ligation in wild-type T cells but not in WASP-deficient T cells. CONCLUSION TCR ligation causes WASP to be degraded by calpain and to be ubiquitinated by Cbl family E3 ligases, which targets it for destruction by the proteasome. WASP degradation might provide a mechanism for regulating WASP-dependent TCR-driven assembly of F-actin.
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42
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Yoshimi A, Kamachi Y, Imai K, Watanabe N, Nakadate H, Kanazawa T, Ozono S, Kobayashi R, Yoshida M, Kobayashi C, Hama A, Muramatsu H, Sasahara Y, Jakob M, Morio T, Ehl S, Manabe A, Niemeyer C, Kojima S. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome presenting with a clinical picture mimicking juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60:836-41. [PMID: 23023736 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked immunodeficiency caused by defects of the WAS protein (WASP) gene. Patients with WAS typically demonstrate micro-thrombocytopenia. PROCEDURES The report describes seven male infants with WAS that initially presented with leukocytosis, monocytosis, and myeloid and erythroid precursors in the peripheral blood (PB) and dysplasia in the bone marrow (BM), which was initially indistinguishable from juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML). RESULTS The median age of affected patients was 1 month (range, 1-4 months). Splenomegaly was absent in four of these patients, which was unusual for JMML. A mutation analysis of genes in the RAS-signalling pathway did not support a diagnosis of JMML. Non-haematological features, such as eczema (n = 7) and bloody stools (n = 6), ultimately led to the diagnosis of WAS at a median age of 4 months (range, 3-8 months), which was confirmed by absent (n = 6) or reduced (n = 1) WASP expression in lymphocytes by flow cytometry (FCM) and a WASP gene mutation. Interestingly, mean platelet volume (MPV) was normal in three of five patients and six of seven patients demonstrated occasional giant platelets, which was not compatible with WAS. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that WAS should be considered in male infants presenting with JMML-like features if no molecular markers of JMML can be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Yoshimi
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Massaad MJ, Ramesh N, Geha RS. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: a comprehensive review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1285:26-43. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel J. Massaad
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics; Harvard Medical School; Boston; Massachusetts
| | - Narayanaswamy Ramesh
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics; Harvard Medical School; Boston; Massachusetts
| | - Raif S. Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics; Harvard Medical School; Boston; Massachusetts
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Guenin-Macé L, Veyron-Churlet R, Thoulouze MI, Romet-Lemonne G, Hong H, Leadlay PF, Danckaert A, Ruf MT, Mostowy S, Zurzolo C, Bousso P, Chrétien F, Carlier MF, Demangel C. Mycolactone activation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome proteins underpins Buruli ulcer formation. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1501-12. [PMID: 23549080 DOI: 10.1172/jci66576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycolactone is a diffusible lipid secreted by the human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans, which induces the formation of open skin lesions referred to as Buruli ulcers. Here, we show that mycolactone operates by hijacking the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family of actin-nucleating factors. By disrupting WASP autoinhibition, mycolactone leads to uncontrolled activation of ARP2/3-mediated assembly of actin in the cytoplasm. In epithelial cells, mycolactone-induced stimulation of ARP2/3 concentrated in the perinuclear region, resulting in defective cell adhesion and directional migration. In vivo injection of mycolactone into mouse ears consistently altered the junctional organization and stratification of keratinocytes, leading to epidermal thinning, followed by rupture. This degradation process was efficiently suppressed by coadministration of the N-WASP inhibitor wiskostatin. These results elucidate the molecular basis of mycolactone activity and provide a mechanism for Buruli ulcer pathogenesis. Our findings should allow for the rationale design of competitive inhibitors of mycolactone binding to N-WASP, with anti-Buruli ulcer therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Guenin-Macé
- Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Immunobiologie de l'Infection, Paris, France
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Chen Y, Aardema J, Corey SJ. Biochemical and functional significance of F-BAR domain proteins interaction with WASP/N-WASP. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 24:280-6. [PMID: 23384583 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain family of proteins includes groups which promote positive (classical BAR, N-BAR, and F-BAR) and negative (I-BAR) membrane deformation. Of these groups, the F-BAR subfamily is the most diverse in its biochemical properties. F-BAR domain proteins dimerize to form a tight scaffold about the membrane. The F-BAR domain provides a banana-shaped, alpha-helical structure that senses membrane curvature. Different types of F-BAR domain proteins contain tyrosine kinase or GTPase activities; some interact with phosphatases and RhoGTPases. Most possess an SH3 domain that facilitates the recruitment and activation of WASP/N-WASP. Thus, F-BAR domain proteins affect remodeling of both membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of F-BAR proteins in coupling WASP/N-WASP to cytoskeletal remodeling. A role for F-BAR/WASP interaction in human diseases affecting nervous, blood, and neoplastic tissues is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolande Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
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46
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Boztug K, Klein C. Genetics and Pathophysiology of Severe Congenital Neutropenia Syndromes Unrelated to Neutrophil Elastase. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2013; 27:43-60, vii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Excess F-actin mechanically impedes mitosis leading to cytokinesis failure in X-linked neutropenia by exceeding Aurora B kinase error correction capacity. Blood 2012; 120:3803-11. [PMID: 22972986 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-03-419663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutively active mutant of the Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (CA-WASp) is the cause of X-linked neutropenia and is linked with genomic instability and myelodysplasia. CA-WASp generates abnormally high levels of cytoplasmic F-actin through dysregulated activation of the Arp2/3 complex leading to defects in cell division. As WASp has no reported role in cell division, we hypothesized that alteration of cell mechanics because of increased F-actin may indirectly disrupt dynamic events during mitosis. Inhibition of the Arp2/3 complex revealed that excess cytoplasmic F-actin caused increased cellular viscosity, slowed all phases of mitosis, and perturbed mitotic mechanics. Comparison of chromosome velocity to the cytoplasmic viscosity revealed that cells compensated for increased viscosity by up-regulating force applied to chromosomes and increased the density of microtubules at kinetochores. Mitotic abnormalities were because of overload of the aurora signaling pathway as subcritical inhibition of Aurora in CA-WASp cells caused increased cytokinesis failure, while overexpression reduced defects. These findings demonstrate that changes in cell mechanics can cause significant mitotic abnormalities leading to genomic instability, and highlight the importance of mechanical sensors such as Aurora B in maintaining the fidelity of hematopoietic cell division.
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Ubiquitylation-dependent negative regulation of WASp is essential for actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:3153-63. [PMID: 22665495 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00161-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is a key regulator of actin dynamics during cell motility and adhesion, and mutations in its gene are responsible for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). Here, we demonstrate that WASp is ubiquitylated following T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) activation. WASp phosphorylation at tyrosine 291 results in recruitment of the E3 ligase Cbl-b, which, together with c-Cbl, carries out WASp ubiquitylation. Lysine residues 76 and 81, located at the WASp WH1 domain, which contains the vast majority of WASp gene mutations, serve as the ubiquitylation sites. Disruption of WASp ubiquitylation causes WASp accumulation and alters actin dynamics and the formation of actin-dependent structures. Our data suggest that regulated degradation of activated WASp might be an efficient strategy by which the duration and localization of actin rearrangement and the intensity of T-cell activation are controlled.
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Impaired cell adhesion, apoptosis, and signaling in WASP gene-disrupted Nalm-6 pre-B cells and recovery of cell adhesion using a transducible form of WASp. Int J Hematol 2012; 95:299-310. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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50
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Glocker E, Grimbacher B. Inflammatory bowel disease: is it a primary immunodeficiency? Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:41-8. [PMID: 21997382 PMCID: PMC11114923 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic and relapsing conditions, characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding and malabsorption. IBD has been considered a hyperinflammatory state due to disturbed interactions between the immune system and the commensal bacterial flora of the gut. However, there is evidence that Crohn's disease might be the consequence of a reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an impaired acute inflammatory response, thereby suggesting that IBD might be an immunodeficiency rather than an excessive inflammatory reaction. This theory has been supported by observations in patients with primary immunodeficiencies such as the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and IPEX (immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome). In contrary, defects in the anti-inflammatory down-regulation of the immune response as they are seen in patients with Mendelian defects in the IL10 signaling pathway support the hyper-inflammatory theory. In this review, we describe and discuss primary immunodeficiencies associated with IBD and show that the bowel is a highly sensitive indicator of dysregulations, making IBD a model disease to study and identify key regulators required to balance the human mucosal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Glocker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 11, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Centre of Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 177 - 2nd floor, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Immunology, University College London Medical School (Royal Free Campus), Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF UK
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