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Scharf P, Sandri S, Borges PP, Franco de Oliveira T, Farsky SHP. A single and short exposure to heated tobacco vapor or cigarette smoke affects macrophage activation and polarization. Toxicology 2024; 506:153859. [PMID: 38825031 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The toxicity of heated tobacco products (HTP) on the immune cells remains unclear. Here, U937-differentiated macrophages were exposed to a single and short-term exposure (30 minutes) of HTP vapor or cigarette smoke (CS) in an air-liquid interface (ALI) system to evaluate the effects on macrophages' early activation and polarization. In our system, HTP released lower amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but higher nicotine levels than CS into the cell culture supernatant. Both tobacco products triggered the expression of the α-7 nicotinic receptor (α7 nAChR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. When challenged with a bacterial product, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cells exposed to HTP or CS failed to respond properly and enhance ROS production upon LPS stimuli. Furthermore, both tobacco products also impaired bacterial phagocytosis and the exposures triggered higher IL-1β secretion. The α7 nAChR antagonist treatment rescued the effects caused only by HTP exposure. The CS-exposed group switched macrophage to the pro-inflammatory M1, while HTP polarized to the suppressive M2 profile. Associated, data highlight that HTP and CS exposures similarly activate macrophages; nonetheless, the α7 nAChR pathway is only involved in HTP actions, and the distinct subsequent polarization caused by HTP or CS may influence the outcome of host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Scharf
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Silvana Sandri
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Pacassa Borges
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Tiago Franco de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Poliselli Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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2
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Han L, He J, Xie H, Gong Y, Xie C. Pan-cell death-related signature reveals tumor immune microenvironment and optimizes personalized therapy alternations in lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15682. [PMID: 38977778 PMCID: PMC11231366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study constructed a comprehensive analysis of cell death modules in eliminating aberrant cells and remodeling tumor microenvironment (TME). Consensus analysis was performed in 490 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients based on 4 types of cell death prognostic genes. Intersection method divided these LUAD samples into 5 cell death risk (CDR) clusters, and COX regression analysis were used to construct the CDR signature (CDRSig) with risk scores. Significant differences of TME phenotypes, clinical factors, genome variations, radiosensitivity and immunotherapy sensitivity were observed in different CDR clusters. Patients with higher risk scores in the CDRSig tended to be immune-excluded or immune-desert, and those with lower risk scores were more sensitive to radiotherapy and immunotherapy. The results from mouse model showed that intense expression of the high-risk gene PFKP was associated with low CD8+ T cell infiltration upon radiotherapy and anti-PD-L1 treatment. Deficient assays in vitro confirmed that PFKP downregulation enhanced cGAS/STING pathway activation and radiosensitivity in LUAD cells. In conclusion, our studies originally performed a comprehensive cell death analysis, suggesting the importance of CDR patterns in reprogramming TME and providing novel clues for LUAD personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhi Han
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyi He
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Hongxin Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Wang L, Li C, Zhan H, Li S, Zeng K, Xu C, Zou Y, Xie Y, Zhan Z, Yin S, Zeng Y, Chen X, Lv G, Han Z, Zhou D, Zhou D, Yang Y, Zhou A. Targeting the HSP47-collagen axis inhibits brain metastasis by reversing M2 microglial polarization and restoring anti-tumor immunity. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101533. [PMID: 38744278 PMCID: PMC11149409 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Brain metastases (BrMs) are the leading cause of death in patients with solid cancers. BrMs exhibit a highly immunosuppressive milieu and poor response to immunotherapies; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we show that upregulation of HSP47 in tumor cells drives metastatic colonization and outgrowth in the brain by creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. HSP47-mediated collagen deposition in the metastatic niche promotes microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype via the α2β1 integrin/nuclear factor κB pathway, which upregulates the anti-inflammatory cytokines and represses CD8+ T cell anti-tumor responses. Depletion of microglia reverses HSP47-induced inactivation of CD8+ T cells and abolishes BrM. Col003, an inhibitor disrupting HSP47-collagen association restores an anti-tumor immunity and enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in BrM-bearing mice. Our study supports that HSP47 is a critical determinant of M2 microglial polarization and immunosuppression and that blocking the HSP47-collagen axis represents a promising therapeutic strategy against brain metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongchao Zhan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shangbiao Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kunlin Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yulong Zou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuxin Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ziling Zhan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shengqi Yin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guangzhao Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zelong Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dexiang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Aidong Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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4
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Soares AR, Picciotto MR. Nicotinic regulation of microglia: potential contributions to addiction. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:425-435. [PMID: 37778006 PMCID: PMC11189589 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies have identified immunosuppressive effects of nicotine, with potential implications for treating nicotine addiction. Here we review how nicotine can regulate microglia, the resident macrophages in the brain, and corresponding effects of nicotine on neuroimmune signaling. There is significant evidence that activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on microglia can trigger an anti-inflammatory cascade that alters microglial polarization and activity, cytokine release, and intracellular calcium concentrations, leading to neuroprotection. These anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine-dependent α7 nAChR signaling are lost during withdrawal, suggesting that neuroimmune signaling is potentiated during abstinence, and thus, heightened microglial activity may drive circuit disruption that contributes to withdrawal symptoms and hyperkatifeia. In sum, the clinical literature has highlighted immunomodulatory effects of nicotine and the potential for anti-inflammatory compounds to treat addiction. The preclinical literature investigating the underlying mechanisms points to a role of microglial engagement in the circuit dysregulation and behavioral changes that occur during nicotine addiction and withdrawal, driven, at least in part, by activation of α7 nAChRs on microglia. Specifically targeting microglial signaling may help alleviate withdrawal symptoms in people with nicotine dependence and help to promote abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa R Soares
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 34 Park Street-3rd floor Research, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, 34 Park Street-3rd floor Research, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA.
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06508, USA.
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Sun Q, Jin C. Cell signaling and epigenetic regulation of nicotine-induced carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123426. [PMID: 38295934 PMCID: PMC10939829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine, a naturally occurring tobacco alkaloid responsible for tobacco addiction, has long been considered non-carcinogenic. However, emerging evidence suggests that nicotine may possess carcinogenic properties in mice and could be a potential carcinogen in humans. This review aims to summarize the potential molecular mechanisms underlying nicotine-induced carcinogenesis, with a specific focus on epigenetic regulation and the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in addition to genotoxicity and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, we explore a novel hypothesis regarding nicotine's carcinogenicity involving the downregulation of stem-loop binding protein (SLBP), a critical regulator of canonical histone mRNA, and the polyadenylation of canonical histone mRNA. By shedding light on these mechanisms, this review underscores the need for further research to elucidate the carcinogenic potential of nicotine and its implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110013, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Feng Y, Hu X, Zhang Y, Wang Y. The Role of Microglia in Brain Metastases: Mechanisms and Strategies. Aging Dis 2024; 15:169-185. [PMID: 37307835 PMCID: PMC10796095 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases and related complications are one of the major fatal factors in cancer. Patients with breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma are at a high risk of developing brain metastases. However, the mechanisms underlying the brain metastatic cascade remain poorly understood. Microglia, one of the major resident macrophages in the brain parenchyma, are involved in multiple processes associated with brain metastasis, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and immune modulation. They also closely interact with metastatic cancer cells, astrocytes, and other immune cells. Current therapeutic approaches against metastatic brain cancers, including small-molecule drugs, antibody-coupled drugs (ADCs), and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have compromised efficacy owing to the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and complex brain microenvironment. Targeting microglia is one of the strategies for treating metastatic brain cancer. In this review, we summarize the multifaceted roles of microglia in brain metastases and highlight them as potential targets for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xueqing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingru Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Lu J, Wang Z, He Z, Hu Y, Duan H, Liu Z, Li D, Zhong S, Ren J, Zhao G, Mou Y, Yao M. Oligomer-Aβ42 suppress glioma progression via potentiating phagocytosis of microglia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14495. [PMID: 37849438 PMCID: PMC10805446 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Glioma is characterized by an immunosuppressed environment and a poor prognosis. The accumulation of Amyloid β (Aβ) leads to an active environment during the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is also present in glioma tissues; however, the biological and translational implications of Aβ in glioma are elusive. METHODS Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis and Cox regression analysis on a cohort of 79 patients from our institution were performed to investigate the association between Aβ and the malignancy of glioma. Subsequently, the potential of oligomer-Aβ42 (OAβ42) to inhibit glioma growth was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining and phagocytosis assays were performed to evaluate the activation of microglia. Finally, RNA-seq was utilized to identify the predominant signaling involved in this process and in vitro studies were performed to validate them. RESULTS A positive correlation between Aβ and a favorable prognosis was observed in glioma. Furthermore, OAβ42 suppressed glioma growth by enhancing the phagocytic activity of microglia. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) secreted by OAβ42-activated microglia was essential in the engulfment process. CONCLUSION Our study proved an anti-glioma effect of Aβ, and microglia could serve as a cellular target for treating glioma with OAβ42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐oncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguan People's Hospital (Affiliated Dongguan Hospital)Southern Medical UniversityDongguanChina
| | - Zhenqiang He
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐oncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Yang Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐oncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Zihao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
| | - Depei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐oncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐oncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Guojun Zhao
- Laboratory Animal CenterThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityQingyuanChina
| | - Yonggao Mou
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro‐oncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Maojin Yao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease & China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhouChina
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Zierfuss B, Larochelle C, Prat A. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: causes, consequences, and potential effects of therapies. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:95-109. [PMID: 38101906 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Established by brain endothelial cells, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates the trafficking of molecules, restricts immune cell entry into the CNS, and has an active role in neurovascular coupling (the regulation of cerebral blood flow to support neuronal activity). In the early stages of multiple sclerosis, around the time of symptom onset, inflammatory BBB damage is accompanied by pathogenic immune cell infiltration into the CNS. In the later stages of multiple sclerosis, dysregulation of neurovascular coupling is associated with grey matter atrophy. Genetic and environmental factors associated with multiple sclerosis, including dietary habits, the gut microbiome, and vitamin D concentrations, might contribute directly and indirectly to brain endothelial cell dysfunction. Damage to brain endothelial cells leads to an influx of deleterious molecules into the CNS, accelerating leakage across the BBB. Potential future therapeutic approaches might help to prevent BBB damage (eg, monoclonal antibodies targeting cell adhesion molecules and fibrinogen) and help to repair BBB dysfunction (eg, mesenchymal stromal cells) in people with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Zierfuss
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Kim MM, Steffensen I, Miguel RTD, Babic T, Johnson AD, Potts R, Junker CS. A systematic review of preclinical studies evaluating the association between nicotine and the initiation and progression of cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:410. [PMID: 38213798 PMCID: PMC10777222 DOI: 10.21037/atm-23-1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Background The association between cigarette smoking and the increased risk of many cancers is well established. Conversely, epidemiological studies of smokeless tobacco demonstrate decreased risk, or no elevated risk, of certain cancers versus smoking. However, it is unclear what role, if any, nicotine plays in these associations. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the available evidence from preclinical studies that examined the potential association between nicotine and the initiation and/or progression of cancer. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, PsychInfo, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for articles published from inception until February 13, 2022. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they evaluated animal cancer or tumor models, compared nicotine and non-nicotine groups, and evaluated measures of cancer initiation or progression. Results Among 1,137 identified articles, 61 were included in qualitative synthesis. Twelve studies reported data on tumor initiation, and 54 studies reported data on tumor progression. The majority of the tumor initiation studies did not identify an association between nicotine exposure and an increased risk of spontaneous tumor initiation. Results of tumor progression studies were inconsistent and varied across the reported measures, cancer type being evaluated, and animal cancer model used. Overall, the quality of reporting was poor, with many studies not demonstrating a high level of internal and/or external validity. Conclusions In conclusion, although animal models have provided invaluable data for human health risk assessments of chemical exposures, the heterogeneity across the studies included in this systematic review make the interpretation and generalizability of the results difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aubrey D. Johnson
- Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ryan Potts
- Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Zhou D, Gong Z, Wu D, Ma C, Hou L, Niu X, Xu T. Harnessing immunotherapy for brain metastases: insights into tumor-brain microenvironment interactions and emerging treatment modalities. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:121. [PMID: 38104104 PMCID: PMC10725587 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-023-01518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases signify a deleterious milestone in the progression of several advanced cancers, predominantly originating from lung, breast and melanoma malignancies, with a median survival timeframe nearing six months. Existing therapeutic regimens yield suboptimal outcomes; however, burgeoning insights into the tumor microenvironment, particularly the immunosuppressive milieu engendered by tumor-brain interplay, posit immunotherapy as a promising avenue for ameliorating brain metastases. In this review, we meticulously delineate the research advancements concerning the microenvironment of brain metastases, striving to elucidate the panorama of their onset and evolution. We encapsulate three emergent immunotherapeutic strategies, namely immune checkpoint inhibition, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell transplantation and glial cell-targeted immunoenhancement. We underscore the imperative of aligning immunotherapy development with in-depth understanding of the tumor microenvironment and engendering innovative delivery platforms. Moreover, the integration with established or avant-garde physical methodologies and localized applications warrants consideration in the prevailing therapeutic schema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dairan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Dejun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Niu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 241 Huaihai West Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
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Chen J, Chen J, Hu J, Huang R, Shen L, Gu H, Chai X, Wang D. Cigarette smoking is linked to an increased risk of delirium following arthroplasty in patients suffering from osteoarthritic pain. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3854-3862. [PMID: 37334739 PMCID: PMC10651961 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common postoperative complication, and the potential relationship between cigarette smoking and POD is still unclear. The current study evaluated the relationship between preoperative smoking status in patients suffering from osteoarthritic pain and POD after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS A total of 254 patients who had undergone unilateral TKA were enrolled between November 2021 and December 2022, with no gender limitation. Preoperatively, patients' visual analog scale (VAS) scores at rest and during movement, hospital anxiety and depression (HAD) scores, pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) scores and smoking status were collected. The primary outcome was the incidence of POD, which was evaluated by the confusion assessment method (CAM). RESULTS A total of 188 patients had complete datasets for final analysis. POD was diagnosed in 41 of 188 patients (21.8%) who had complete data for analysis. The incidence of smoking was significantly higher in Group POD than in Group Non-POD (22 of 41 patients [54%] vs. 47 of 147 patients [32%], p < 0.05). The postoperative hospital stays were also longer than those of Group Non-POD (p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative smoking (OR: 4.018, 95% CI: 1.158-13.947, p = 0.028) was a risk factor for the occurrence of POD in patients with TKA. The length of hospital stay was correlated with the occurrence of POD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that patients who smoked preoperatively were at increased risk of developing POD following TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie‐ru Chen
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Jia‐qi Chen
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Ji‐cheng Hu
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Run‐sheng Huang
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Liang Shen
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Hai Gu
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Xiao‐qing Chai
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Di Wang
- Pain Clinic, Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
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12
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Papapostolou I, Bochen F, Peinelt C, Maldifassi MC. A Simple and Fast Method for the Formation and Downstream Processing of Cancer-Cell-Derived 3D Spheroids: An Example Using Nicotine-Treated A549 Lung Cancer 3D Spheres. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:94. [PMID: 37888026 PMCID: PMC10609300 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although 2D in vitro cancer cell cultures have been used for decades as a first line-of-research tool to investigate antitumoral drugs and treatments, their use presents many drawbacks, including the poor resemblance of such cultures to the characteristics of in vivo tumors. To mitigate these drawbacks, 3D culture models have emerged as a more representative alternative. Cancer cells cultured as 3D structures have the advantage of resembling solid tumors in their architecture and in their resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, in part because of restrained drug penetration. Additionally, these 3D structures create a more physiological environment for the study of immune cell invasion and migration, comparable to solid tumors. In this paper, we describe a fast and cost-effective step-by-step protocol for the generation of 3D spheres using ultra-low-attachment (ULA) multiwell plates, which can be incorporated into the normal workflow of any laboratory. Using this protocol, spheroids of different human cancer cell lines can be obtained and can then be characterized on the basis of their morphology, viability, and expression of specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Constanza Maldifassi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (I.P.); (F.B.); (C.P.)
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13
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Tian ZR, Sharma A, Muresanu DF, Sharma S, Feng L, Zhang Z, Li C, Buzoianu AD, Lafuente JV, Nozari A, Sjöqvisst PO, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nicotine neurotoxicity exacerbation following engineered Ag and Cu (50-60 nm) nanoparticles intoxication. Neuroprotection with nanowired delivery of antioxidant compound H-290/51 together with serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 172:189-233. [PMID: 37833012 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine abuse is frequent worldwide leading to about 8 millions people die every year due to tobacco related diseases. Military personnel often use nicotine smoking that is about 12.8% higher than civilian populations. Nicotine smoking triggers oxidative stress and are linked to several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Nicotine neurotoxicity induces significant depression and oxidative stress in the brain leading to neurovascular damages and brain pathology. Thus, details of nicotine neurotoxicity and factors influencing them require additional investigations. In this review, effects of engineered nanoparticles from metals Ag and Cu (50-60 nm) on nicotine neurotoxicity are discussed with regard to nicotine smoking. Military personnel often work in the environment where chances of nanoparticles exposure are quite common. In our earlier studies, we have shown that nanoparticles alone induces breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exacerbates brain pathology in animal models. In present investigation, nicotine exposure in with Ag or Cu nanoparticles intoxicated group exacerbated BBB breakdown, induce oxidative stress and aggravate brain pathology. Treatment with nanowired H-290/51 a potent chain-breaking antioxidant together with nanowired ondansetron, a potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist significantly reduced oxidative stress, BBB breakdown and brain pathology in nicotine exposure associated with Ag or Cu nanoparticles intoxication. The functional significance of this findings and possible mechanisms of nicotine neurotoxicity are discussed based on current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ryan Tian
- Dept. Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Dept. Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; ''RoNeuro'' Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Mircea Eliade Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Suraj Sharma
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, BTH, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Blekinge Institute of Technology, BTH, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Zhongshan Road (West), Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade road No.111, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dade road No.111, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston University, Albany str, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Per-Ove Sjöqvisst
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; LaNCE, Dept. Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
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14
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McDonald B, Barth K, Schmidt MHH. The origin of brain malignancies at the blood-brain barrier. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:282. [PMID: 37688612 PMCID: PMC10492883 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in extracranial therapy, survival rate for patients suffering from brain metastases remains very poor. This is coupled with the incidence of brain metastases continuing to rise. In this review, we focus on core contributions of the blood-brain barrier to the origin of brain metastases. We first provide an overview of the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier under physiological conditions. Next, we discuss the emerging idea of a pre-metastatic niche, namely that secreted factors and extracellular vesicles from a primary tumor site are able to travel through the circulation and prime the neurovasculature for metastatic invasion. We then consider the neurotropic mechanisms that circulating tumor cells possess or develop that facilitate disruption of the blood-brain barrier and survival in the brain's parenchyma. Finally, we compare and contrast brain metastases at the blood-brain barrier to the primary brain tumor, glioma, examining the process of vessel co-option that favors the survival and outgrowth of brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan McDonald
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Barth
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko H H Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
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15
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Papapostolou I, Ross-Kaschitza D, Bochen F, Peinelt C, Maldifassi MC. Contribution of the α5 nAChR Subunit and α5SNP to Nicotine-Induced Proliferation and Migration of Human Cancer Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2000. [PMID: 37566079 PMCID: PMC10417634 DOI: 10.3390/cells12152000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine in tobacco is known to induce tumor-promoting effects and cause chemotherapy resistance through the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Many studies have associated the α5 nicotinic receptor subunit (α5), and a specific polymorphism in this subunit, with (i) nicotine administration, (ii) nicotine dependence, and (iii) lung cancer. The α5 gene CHRNA5 mRNA is upregulated in several types of cancer, including lung, prostate, colorectal, and stomach cancer, and cancer severity is correlated with smoking. In this study, we investigate the contribution of α5 in the nicotine-induced cancer hallmark functions proliferation and migration, in breast, colon, and prostate cancer cells. Nine human cell lines from different origins were used to determine nAChR subunit expression levels. Then, selected breast (MCF7), colon (SW480), and prostate (DU145) cancer cell lines were used to investigate the nicotine-induced effects mediated by α5. Using pharmacological and siRNA-based experiments, we show that α5 is essential for nicotine-induced proliferation and migration. Additionally, upon downregulation of α5, nicotine-promoted expression of EMT markers and immune regulatory proteins was impaired. Moreover, the α5 polymorphism D398N (α5SNP) caused a basal increase in proliferation and migration in the DU145 cell line, and the effect was mediated through G-protein signaling. Taken together, our results indicate that nicotine-induced cancer cell proliferation and migration are mediated via α5, adding to the characterization of α5 as a putative therapeutical target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Constanza Maldifassi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (I.P.); (D.R.-K.); (F.B.); (C.P.)
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16
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Benjamin M, Malakar P, Sinha RA, Nasser MW, Batra SK, Siddiqui JA, Chakravarti B. Molecular signaling network and therapeutic developments in breast cancer brain metastasis. ADVANCES IN CANCER BIOLOGY - METASTASIS 2023; 7:100079. [PMID: 36536947 PMCID: PMC7613958 DOI: 10.1016/j.adcanc.2022.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women worldwide. It has surpassed lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer-related death. Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is becoming a major clinical concern that is commonly associated with ER-ve and HER2+ve subtypes of BC patients. Metastatic lesions in the brain originate when the cancer cells detach from a primary breast tumor and establish metastatic lesions and infiltrate near and distant organs via systemic blood circulation by traversing the BBB. The colonization of BC cells in the brain involves a complex interplay in the tumor microenvironment (TME), metastatic cells, and brain cells like endothelial cells, microglia, and astrocytes. BCBM is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and presents a challenge to developing successful cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanism of BCBM and novel therapeutic strategies for patients with brain metastatic BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercilena Benjamin
- Lab Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.I.R.C.H. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pushkar Malakar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, West Bengal, 700103, India
| | - Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Bandana Chakravarti
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
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17
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Cheng C, Wang P, Yang Y, Du X, Xia H, Liu J, Lu L, Wu H, Liu Q. Smoking-Induced M2-TAMs, via circEML4 in EVs, Promote the Progression of NSCLC through ALKBH5-Regulated m6A Modification of SOCS2 in NSCLC Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300953. [PMID: 37246269 PMCID: PMC10401136 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a commonly diagnosed disease worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) accounting for ≈ 85% of cases. Cigarette smoke is an environmental exposure promoting progression of NSCLC, but its role is poorly understood. This study reports that smoking-induced accumulation of M2-type tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) surrounding NSCLC tissues promotes malignancy. Specifically, extracellular vesicles (EVs) from cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced M2 macrophages promoted malignancy of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. circEML4 in EVs from CSE-induced M2 macrophages is transported to NSCLC cells, where it reduced the distribution of ALKBH5 in the nucleus by interacting with Human AlkB homolog H5 (ALKBH5), resulting in elevated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications. m6A-seq and RNA-seq revealed suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2)-mediated activation of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway by regulating m6A modification of SOCS2 via ALKBH5. Down-regulation of circEML4 in EVs from CSE-induced M2 macrophages reversed EVs-enhanced tumorigenicity and metastasis in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, this study found that smoking patients showed an increase in circEML4-positive M2-TAMs. These results indicate that smoking-induced M2-TAMs via circEML4 in EVs promote the NSCLC progression through ALKBH5-regulated m6A modification of SOCS2. This study also reveals that circEML4 in EVs from TAMs acts as a diagnostic biomarker for NSCLC, especially for patients with smoking history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Peiwen Wang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Du
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Xia
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, P. R. China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Suzhou Institute of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
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18
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Ma W, Oliveira-Nunes MC, Xu K, Kossenkov A, Reiner BC, Crist RC, Hayden J, Chen Q. Type I interferon response in astrocytes promotes brain metastasis by enhancing monocytic myeloid cell recruitment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2632. [PMID: 37149684 PMCID: PMC10163863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis to the brain is a significant clinical problem. Metastasis is the consequence of favorable interactions between invaded cancer cells and the microenvironment. Here, we demonstrate that cancer-activated astrocytes create a sustained low-level activated type I interferon (IFN) microenvironment in brain metastatic lesions. We further confirm that the IFN response in astrocytes facilitates brain metastasis. Mechanistically, IFN signaling in astrocytes activates C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) production, which further increases the recruitment of monocytic myeloid cells. The correlation between CCL2 and monocytic myeloid cells is confirmed in clinical brain metastasis samples. Lastly, genetically or pharmacologically inhibiting C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2) reduces brain metastases. Our study clarifies a pro-metastatic effect of type I IFN in the brain even though IFN response has been considered to have anti-tumor effects. Moreover, this work expands our understandings on the interactions between cancer-activated astrocytes and immune cells in brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Ma
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Maria Cecília Oliveira-Nunes
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Carisma Therapeutics, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- MD/PhD Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Andrew Kossenkov
- Gene Expression & Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin C Reiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Richard C Crist
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James Hayden
- Imaging Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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19
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Ji X, Wang E, Cui Q. Deciphering gene contributions and etiologies of somatic mutational signatures of cancer. Brief Bioinform 2023; 24:6995381. [PMID: 36682004 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutational signatures (MSs) identified by genome sequencing play important roles in exploring the cause and development of cancer. Thus far, many such signatures have been identified, and some of them do imply causes of cancer. However, a major bottleneck is that we do not know the potential meanings (i.e. carcinogenesis or biological functions) and contributing genes for most of them. Here, we presented a computational framework, Gene Somatic Genome Pattern (GSGP), which can decipher the molecular mechanisms of the MSs. More importantly, it is the first time that the GSGP is able to process MSs from ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing, which greatly extended the applications of both MS analysis and RNA sequencing (RNAseq). As a result, GSGP analyses match consistently with previous reports and identify the etiologies for a number of novel signatures. Notably, we applied GSGP to RNAseq data and revealed an RNA-derived MS involved in deficient deoxyribonucleic acid mismatch repair and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Researchers can perform customized GSGP analysis using the web tools or scripts we provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Ji
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Edwin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Genetics, and Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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20
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Yu J, Zhang Y, Liu Z, He Y, Pei Y, Zhang R, Peng X, Fang F. Association of smoking with the survival of patients with brain metastasis of lung cancer. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1036387. [PMID: 36994380 PMCID: PMC10040669 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1036387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSmoking is associated with increased mortality in patients with cancer. However, there are limited data on the impact of smoking on the survival of patients with brain metastases. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether smoking was associated with survival and whether smoking cessation was beneficial to these patients.MethodsThis study used lung cancer with a brain metastasis cohort of the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2013 to 2021. Patients were stratified according to smoking history; the distribution, clinical characteristics, and survival data of each group were estimated. Kaplan-Meier analysis and risk analysis were performed for the survival endpoint.ResultsOf the 2,647 patients included in the analysis, the median age was 57.8 years, and 55.4% were men. Among them, 67.1% had no smoking history, 18.9% still smoked, and 14% reported quitting smoking. Compared with never smokers, current smokers [HR, 1.51 (95% CI, 1.35-1.69), p < 0.01] and former smokers [HR, 1.32 (95% CI, 1.16-1.49), p<0.01] had an increased risk of death. However, quitting smoking was not associated with improved survival [HR, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.77-1.04), p = 0.16]. The overall survival increased with the increase of smoking cessation years.ConclusionsIn lung cancer patients with brain metastases, smoking was associated with an increased risk of death, but quitting smoking was not associated with improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheran Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyan Pei
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renjie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xingchen Peng
| | - Fang Fang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Fang Fang
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21
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Zhang J, Li H, Guo M, Zhang J, Zhang G, Sun N, Feng Y, Cui W, Xu F. FHL1 as a novel prognostic biomarker and correlation with immune infiltration levels in lung adenocarcinoma. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:235-252. [PMID: 36695131 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to examine the effect of FHL1 in the diagnosis and prognosis of non-small-cell lung cancer and its relationship with tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Methods: FHL1 expression status and influence on clinical characteristics, diagnosis and prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer were assessed. Interaction networks of FHL1 were revealed, and a correlation analysis between FHL1 expression and tumor immunity was performed. Results: FHL1 expression was significantly lower in tumors, and downregulated FHL1 predicted a worse prognosis for lung adenocarcinoma. FHL1 expression was correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoints and chemokine levels. Conclusion: FHL1 is a powerful biomarker to evaluate the diagnosis and prognosis and immune infiltration level of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Minghao Guo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Ning Sun
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yuyuan Feng
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Wenqiang Cui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
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22
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Nicotine Suppresses Phagocytic Ability of Macrophages by Regulating the miR-296-3p-SIRP α Axis. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2023; 2023:6306358. [PMID: 36845756 PMCID: PMC9946743 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6306358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic ability of macrophage is responsible for tuberculosis infection. Nicotine has been shown to attenuate the phagocytic ability of macrophage; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that nicotine increased the message RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) and enhanced the stability of SIRPα mRNA in macrophage. Nicotine decreased the expression of microRNA (miR)-296-3p, which directly targeted the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of SIRPα mRNA in macrophage. Furthermore, nicotine inhibited the phagocytic ability of macrophage by regulating the miR-296-3p-SIRPα axis. Moreover, nicotine decreased miR-296-3p expression via increasing c-Myc expression in macrophage. Together, we found that nicotine attenuate the phagocytic ability of macrophage by regulating the c-Myc-miR-296-3p-SIRPα signal.
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23
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Zhang W, Jiang X, Zou Y, Yuan L, Wang X. Pexidartinib synergize PD-1 antibody through inhibiting treg infiltration by reducing TAM-derived CCL22 in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1092767. [PMID: 36969873 PMCID: PMC10030616 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1092767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a crosstalk between Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and tumor-infiltrating T cells in tumor environment. TAM could inhibit the activity of cytotoxic T cells; TAM could also regulate the composition of T cells in tumor immune environment. The combination therapy for TAM and tumor infiltrated T cells has been widely noticed, but the crosstalk between TAM and tumor infiltrated T cells remains unclear in the process of combination therapy. We treated lung adenocarcinoma tumor models with pexidartinib, which targets macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR) and c-kit tyrosine kinase, to inhibited TAM. Pexidartinib inhibited the ratio of macrophages in the tumor and also altered macrophage polarization. In addition to reprogram TAM, pexidartinib also changed the composition of tumor-invasive T cells. After pexidartinib treatment, the total number of T cells, CD8+ T cells and Treg cells were all decreased, the ratio of CD8+T/Treg increased significantly. According to the analysis of cytokines and chemokines during the treatment of pexidartinib, CCL22, as a chemokine for Treg recruitment, significantly decreased after the treatment of pexidartinib. Base on the above observation, the combination of pexidartinib and PD-1 antibody were used in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma subcutaneous tumor model, the combination therapy has significantly improved the efficacy of tumor treatment compared with the monotherapy. Meanwhile, compared with pexidartinib monotherapy, the combination treatment further switches the polarization status of tumor-associated macrophages. In summary, our results showed that the combination of pexidartinib and PD-1 antibody showed a synergy and significantly improved the anti-tumor efficacy, through pexidartinib increasing CD8T/Treg ratio by reducing TAM-derived CCL22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Emergency and Disaster Medical Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youcheng Zou
- Emergency Department, Shenzhen Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lihua Yuan, ; Xiaobo Wang,
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Lihua Yuan, ; Xiaobo Wang,
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24
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Chen WW, Chu TSM, Xu L, Zhao CN, Poon WS, Leung GKK, Kong FM(S. Immune related biomarkers for cancer metastasis to the brain. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:105. [PMID: 36527157 PMCID: PMC9756766 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastasis accounts for a large number of cancer-related deaths. The host immune system, involved at each step of the metastatic cascade, plays an important role in both the initiation of the brain metastasis and their treatment responses to various modalities, through either local and or systemic effect. However, few reliable immune biomarkers have been identified in predicting the development and the treatment outcome in patients with cancer brain metastasis. Here, we provide a focused perspective of immune related biomarkers for cancer metastasis to the brain and a thorough discussion of the potential utilization of specific biomarkers such as tumor mutation burden (TMB), genetic markers, circulating and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, cytokines, in predicting the brain disease progression and regression after therapeutic intervention. We hope to inspire the field to extend the research and establish practical guidelines for developing and validating immune related biomarkers to provide personalized treatment and improve treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Chen
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Timothy Shun Man Chu
- grid.419334.80000 0004 0641 3236Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4LP UK ,grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - LiangLiang Xu
- grid.440671.00000 0004 5373 5131Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Wai-Sang Poon
- grid.440671.00000 0004 5373 5131Neuro-Medical Center, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine,LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Gilberto Ka-Kit Leung
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine,LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Feng-Ming (Spring) Kong
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China ,grid.440671.00000 0004 5373 5131Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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25
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Zhao D, Wu K, Sharma S, Xing F, Wu SY, Tyagi A, Deshpande R, Singh R, Wabitsch M, Mo YY, Watabe K. Exosomal miR-1304-3p promotes breast cancer progression in African Americans by activating cancer-associated adipocytes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7734. [PMID: 36517516 PMCID: PMC9751138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer displays disparities in mortality between African Americans and Caucasian Americans. However, the exact molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we identify miR-1304-3p as the most upregulated microRNA in African American patients. Importantly, its expression significantly correlates with poor progression-free survival in African American patients. Ectopic expression of miR-1304 promotes tumor progression in vivo. Exosomal miR-1304-3p activates cancer-associated adipocytes that release lipids and enhance cancer cell growth. Moreover, we identify the anti-adipogenic gene GATA2 as the target of miR-1304-3p. Notably, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the miR-1304 stem-loop region shows a significant difference in frequencies of the G allele between African and Caucasian American groups, which promotes the maturation of miR-1304-3p. Therefore, our results reveal a mechanism of the disparity in breast cancer progression and suggest a potential utility of miR-1304-3p and the associated SNP as biomarkers for predicting the outcome of African American patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kerui Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sambad Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Abhishek Tyagi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ravindra Deshpande
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yin-Yuan Mo
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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26
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Development and Validation of the Random Forest Model via Combining CT-PET Image Features and Demographic Data for Distant Metastases among Lung Cancer Patients. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:7793533. [PMID: 36561373 PMCID: PMC9767733 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7793533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The work aimed at developing and validating a random forest model of CT-PET image features combined with demographic data to diagnose distant metastases among lung cancer patients. This study involved lung cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas lung adenocarcinoma (TCGA-LUAD) dataset, the lung PET-CT dataset, the lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) dataset, and the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium lung adenocarcinoma (CPTAC-LUAD) dataset and collected the information on 178 CT, 178 PET, and the patients' age, history of smoking, and gender. We conducted image processing and feature extraction. Finally, 4 computed tomography (CT) image features and 2 positron emission tomography (PET) image features were extracted. Four prediction models based on CT image features, PET image features, and demographic data were developed, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of prediction models. A total of 178 eligible samples were randomly divided into a training set (n = 134) and a testing set (n = 44) at a ratio of 3 : 1, with 2021 as a random number. ROC analyses illustrated that the predictive performance for distant metastases of combining CT-PET image features and demographic data for training and testing were 0.923 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.873-0.973) and 0.873 (95% CI: 0.757-0.990). In addition, the predictive performance of the combined model in the testing set was significantly better than that of the CT-demographic data model (0.716, 95% CI: 0.531-0.902), PET-demographic data model (0.802, 95% CI: 0.633-0.970), and CT-PET model (0.797, 95% CI: 0.666-0.928). The random forest model via combining CT-PET image features and demographic data could have great performance in predicting distant metastases among lung cancer patients.
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27
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Chen P, Li Y, Liu R, Xie Y, Jin Y, Wang M, Yu Z, Wang W, Luo X. Non-small cell lung cancer-derived exosomes promote proliferation, phagocytosis, and secretion of microglia via exosomal microRNA in the metastatic microenvironment. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101594. [PMID: 36463825 PMCID: PMC9719005 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common tumor that metastasizes to the brain. It is now accepted that the successful colonization and growth of tumor cells are determined by the interaction between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Microglia, brain innate immune cells, have been reported to play a vital role in the establishment of brain metastases. As essential mediators of intercellular communications, tumor-derived exosomes have an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer by transferring their cargos to specific recipient cells. The crosstalk between microglia and tumor-derived exosomes has been extensively described. However, it is still unclear whether metastatic NSCLC cells secret exosomes to microglia and regulate the microglial functions. Here, our results showed that microglia aggregated in the brain metastatic sites. Meanwhile, microglia could take up the exosomes derived from NSCLC cells, leading to alterations of microglial morphology and increased proliferation, phagocytosis, and release of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and CXCL1. Further investigation indicated that miR1246 was the most enriched microRNA in NSCLC-derived exosomes and mediated the partial effects of exosomes on microglia. Notably, miR1246 was also upregulated in the plasmatic exosomes of NSCLC patients. These results offer a new insight into the impact of NSCLC-derived exosomes on microglia and provide a new potential biomarker for diagnosing NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Minghuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,Correspondence author.
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28
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Caffarel MM, Braza MS. Microglia and metastases to the central nervous system: victim, ravager, or something else? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:327. [PMID: 36411434 PMCID: PMC9677912 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) metastases are a major cause of death in patients with cancer. Tumor cells must survive during their migration and dissemination in various sites and niches. The brain is considered an immunological sanctuary site, and thus the safest place for metastasis establishment. The risk of brain metastases is highest in patients with melanoma, lung, or breast cancers. In the CNS, metastatic cancer cells exploit the activity of different non-tumoral cell types in the brain microenvironment to create a new niche and to support their proliferation and survival. Among these cells, microglia (the brain resident macrophages) display an exceptional role in immune surveillance and tumor clearance. However, upon recruitment to the metastatic site, depending on the microenvironment context and disease conditions, microglia might be turned into tumor-supportive or -unsupportive cells. Recent single-cell 'omic' analyses have contributed to clarify microglia functional and spatial heterogeneity during tumor development and metastasis formation in the CNS. This review summarizes findings on microglia heterogeneity from classical studies to the new single-cell omics. We discuss i) how microglia interact with metastatic cancer cells in the unique brain tumor microenvironment; ii) the microglia classical M1-M2 binary concept and its limitations; and iii) single-cell omic findings that help to understand human and mouse microglia heterogeneity (core sensomes) and to describe the multi-context-dependent microglia functions in metastases to the CNS. We then propose ways to exploit microglia plasticity for brain metastasis treatment depending on the microenvironment profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Caffarel
- grid.432380.eBiodonostia Health Research Institute, Basque Country, Spain ,grid.424810.b0000 0004 0467 2314Ikarbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Mounia S. Braza
- grid.432380.eBiodonostia Health Research Institute, Basque Country, Spain ,grid.424810.b0000 0004 0467 2314Ikarbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Basque Country, Spain ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY USA
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29
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Maurya SK, Khan P, Rehman AU, Kanchan RK, Perumal N, Mahapatra S, Chand HS, Santamaria-Barria JA, Batra SK, Nasser MW. Rethinking the chemokine cascade in brain metastasis: Preventive and therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:914-930. [PMID: 34968667 PMCID: PMC9234104 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis (BrM) is one of the major causes of death in cancer patients and is associated with an estimated 10-40 % of total cancer cases. The survival rate of brain metastatic patients has not improved due to intratumor heterogeneity, the survival adaptations of brain homing metastatic cells, and the lack of understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms that limit the availability of effective therapies. The heterogeneous population of immune cells and tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) release various factors, such as chemokines that upon binding to their cognate receptors enhance tumor growth at primary sites and help tumor cells metastasize to the brain. Furthermore, brain metastatic sites have unique heterogeneous microenvironment that fuels cancer cells in establishing BrM. This review explores the crosstalk of chemokines with the heterogeneous TME during the progression of BrM and recognizes potential therapeutic approaches. We also discuss and summarize different targeted, immunotherapeutic, chemotherapeutic, and combinatorial strategies (with chemo-/immune- or targeted-therapies) to attenuate chemokines mediated BrM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Ranjana K Kanchan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Naveenkumar Perumal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Sidharth Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA.
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30
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NDR1 activates CD47 transcription by increasing protein stability and nuclear location of ASCL1 to enhance cancer stem cell properties and evasion of phagocytosis in small cell lung cancer. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:254. [PMID: 36224405 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01859-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most malignant types of lung cancer. Cancer stem cell (CSC) and tumor immune evasion are critical for the development of SCLC. We previously reported that NDR1 enhances breast CSC properties. NDR1 might also have a role in the regulation of immune responses. In the current study, we explore the function of NDR1 in the control of CSC properties and evasion of phagocytosis in SCLC. We find that NDR1 enhances the enrichment of the ALDEFLUORhigh and CD133high population, and promotes sphere formation in SCLC cells. Additionally, NDR1 upregulates CD47 expression to enhance evasion of phagocytosis in SCLC. Furthermore, the effects of NDR1 enhanced CD47 expression and evasion of phagocytosis are more prominent in CSC than in non-CSC. Importantly, NDR1 promotes ASCL1 expression to enhance NDR1-promoted CSC properties and evasion of phagocytosis in SCLC cells. Mechanically, NDR1 enhances protein stability and the nuclear location of ASCL1 to activate the transcription of CD47 in SCLC. Finally, CD47-blocking antibody can be used to target NDR1 enhanced CSC properties and evasion of phagocytosis by suppressing EGFR activation in SCLC. In summary, our data indicate that NDR1 could be a critical factor for modulating CSC properties and phagocytosis in SCLC.
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31
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Zhang Y, Miao L, Peng Q, Fan X, Song W, Yang B, Zhang P, Liu G, Liu J. Parthenolide modulates cerebral ischemia-induced microglial polarization and alleviates neuroinflammatory injury via the RhoA/ROCK pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154373. [PMID: 35947899 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia can be activated as proinflammatory (M1) phenotypes and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes after stroke. Parthenolide (PTL) has anti-inflammatory and protective effects on neurological diseases, but until now, the exact mechanisms of these processes after stroke have been unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PTL on microglial polarization after stroke and its target for inducing microglial polarization. METHODS Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and neurological evaluation were performed in a focal transient cerebral ischemia rat model. The human microglia exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used for in vitro experiments. Microglial polarization was assessed by RT-PCR and immunostaining. Inflammatory cytokine assays and western blotting were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying PTL-mediated microglial polarization in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS PTL significantly reduced cerebral infarction and neuronal apoptosis in rats with cerebral ischemia, reduced the level of inflammatory factors and alleviated neurological deficits. PTL treatment decreased the expression of microglia/macrophage markers in M1 macrophages and increased the expression of microglia/macrophage markers in M2 macrophages after stroke, which induced the transformation of microglia cells from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, PTL significantly reduced RhoA/ROCK-NF-κB pathway activity and downregulated the effects of pentanoic acid (ROCK agonist). CONCLUSIONS PTL has been shown to mediate neuroinflammation and protect against ischemic brain injury by regulating microglial polarization via the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehao Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing key Laboratory of pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Lan Miao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing key Laboratory of pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Qing Peng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing key Laboratory of pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Fan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing key Laboratory of pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Wenting Song
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing key Laboratory of pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing key Laboratory of pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing key Laboratory of pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Guangyu Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing key Laboratory of pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Beijing 100091, PR China.
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing key Laboratory of pharmacology of Chinese Materia Region, Beijing 100091, PR China; NICM, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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32
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Pellegrini C, Esposito M, Rossi E, Gisondi P, Piaserico S, Dapavo P, Conti A, Gambardella A, Burlando M, Narcisi A, Offidani A, Balestri R, Bardazzi F, Prignano F, Mugheddu C, Romanelli M, Malara G, Schinzari G, Fargnoli MC. Secukinumab in Patients with Psoriasis and a Personal History of Malignancy: A Multicenter Real-Life Observational Study. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:2613-2626. [PMID: 36169883 PMCID: PMC9588094 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is limited evidence to guide clinicians on the treatment of psoriasis with biologics in patients with a history of malignancy who are often excluded from clinical trials investigating biologics. The aim of this work is to report a multicenter real-life experience of secukinumab treatment in patients with psoriasis and a personal history of cancer. Methods This retrospective observational study included adult patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis treated with secukinumab for at least 24 weeks and a previous diagnosis of cancer at 15 Italian referral centers. The primary endpoint of the study was tumor recurrence or progression and new cancer diagnosis during treatment. Secondary outcome assessment of secukinumab effectiveness (reduction of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index [PASI] score, improvement of Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI], itch and pain). Results Forty-two patients (27 male) were included. Malignancy was diagnosed in the previous 5 years in 21 (56.8%) and in the previous 10 years in 37 (88.1%). The mean interval between cancer diagnosis and the start of secukinumab treatment was 3.5 ± 3.3 years. No tumor recurrence nor progression occurred over a mean of 56 ± 31.7 weeks of treatment. Three patients developed a new malignancy not related to the previous cancer. At week 48, PASI 90 was reached by 64.7% of patients and PASI 100 by 38.2%. Mean DLQI, itch, and pain VAS scores significantly improved during treatment. Conclusions Our multicenter real-life experience is the largest reported to date focusing on a specific biologic and adds evidence to the safety of secukinumab in psoriatic patients with a personal history of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pellegrini
- Dermatology, Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Esposito
- Dermatology, Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ernesto Rossi
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Gisondi
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Piaserico
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Dapavo
- S.C. Dermatologia U, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Conti
- Dermatologic Unit, Department of General Surgery, Infermi Hospital, Rimini, RN, Italy
- AUSL Romagna, Romagna, Italy
| | - Alessio Gambardella
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Martina Burlando
- Department of Dermatology, Dipartimento di scienze della salute - DISSAL Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Narcisi
- Dermatology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Dermatology Unit, Polytechnic Marche, University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Federico Bardazzi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Alma Mater Studiorum, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Bologna, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Prignano
- Department of Health Science, Dermatology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Mugheddu
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Malara
- Dermatology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano "BMM" Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanni Schinzari
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Fargnoli
- Dermatology, Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Tyagi A, Wu SY, Watabe K. Metabolism in the progression and metastasis of brain tumors. Cancer Lett 2022; 539:215713. [PMID: 35513201 PMCID: PMC9999298 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors and metastases pose significant health problems and cause substantial morbidity and mortality in children and adults. Based on epidemiological evidence, gliomas comprise 30% and 80% of primary brain tumors and malignant tumors, respectively. Brain metastases affect 15-30% of cancer patients, particularly primary tumors of the lung, breast, colon, and kidney, and melanoma. Despite advancements in multimodal molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy that do not ensure long-term treatment, malignant brain tumors and metastases contribute significantly to cancer related mortality. Recent studies have shown that metastatic cancer cells possess distinct metabolic traits to adapt and survive in new environment that differs significantly from the primary site in both nutrient composition and availability. As metabolic regulation lies at the intersection of many research areas, concerted efforts to understand the metabolic mechanism(s) driving malignant brain tumors and metastases may reveal novel therapeutic targets to prevent or reduce metastasis and predict biomarkers for the treatment of this aggressive disease. This review focuses on various aspects of metabolic signaling, interface between metabolic regulators and cellular processes, and implications of their dysregulation in the context of brain tumors and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Tyagi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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Marin J, Journe F, Ghanem GE, Awada A, Kindt N. Cytokine Landscape in Central Nervous System Metastases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071537. [PMID: 35884845 PMCID: PMC9313120 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system is the location of metastases in more than 40% of patients with lung cancer, breast cancer and melanoma. These metastases are associated with one of the poorest prognoses in advanced cancer patients, mainly due to the lack of effective treatments. In this review, we explore the involvement of cytokines, including interleukins and chemokines, during the development of brain and leptomeningeal metastases from the epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition and blood–brain barrier extravasation to the interaction between cancer cells and cells from the brain microenvironment, including astrocytes and microglia. Furthermore, the role of the gut–brain axis on cytokine release during this process will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Marin
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Oncology (LOCE), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.M.); (F.J.); (G.E.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Oncology (LOCE), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.M.); (F.J.); (G.E.G.); (A.A.)
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Institut Santé, Université de Mons (UMons), 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Ghanem E. Ghanem
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Oncology (LOCE), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.M.); (F.J.); (G.E.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Oncology (LOCE), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.M.); (F.J.); (G.E.G.); (A.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nadège Kindt
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Oncology (LOCE), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (J.M.); (F.J.); (G.E.G.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Xie Z, Xia T, Wu D, Che L, Zhang W, Cai X, Liu S. Identification of the key genes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:665. [PMID: 35845513 PMCID: PMC9279780 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prevalent mainly in older adults, especially those who are smokers. It appears to be regulated by multiple genes, but there is some degree of familial clustering. The evidence to date suggests that COPD-associated biomarkers are largely inadequate for disease diagnosis, so we conducted a comprehensive search for more specific genetic markers. Methods We used 3 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. By investigating the biological information [i.e., Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA)], we filtered out 8 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and validated the transcript levels of those hub genes in 16HBE cell lines, THP-1 cell lines and lung tissue of COPD patients. Results The 8 hub genes comprised amyloid precursor protein (APP), fibronectin 1, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), β-actin, capping actin protein of muscle Z-line subunit alpha 2, secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), catalase (CAT), and colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) were selected from among the DEGs. Cigarette smoke extract-stimulated 16HBE cells were found to highly express SPP1, CSF2, and IGF1. In addition, IGF1 levels were increased and IGF1 and APP levels were decreased in CSE-stimulated THP-1 cells. SPP1 and FN1 showed increased expression levels in lung tissue of COPD patients, but the opposite held for APP and CAT. Conclusions We identified 8 hub genes of COPD based on GO, KEGG and WGCNA, which have provided insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefan Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxue Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingdong Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengming Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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An T, Yin H, Lu Y, Liu F. The Emerging Potential of Parthenolide Nanoformulations in Tumor Therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1255-1272. [PMID: 35517982 PMCID: PMC9063801 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s355059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived sesquiterpene lactones are promising natural sources for the discovery of anti-cancer drugs. As an extensively studied sesquiterpene lactone, the tumor suppression effect of parthenolide (PTL) has been clarified by targeting a number of prominent signaling pathways and key protein regulators in carcinogenesis. Notably, PTL was also the first small molecule reported to eradicate cancer stem cells. Nevertheless, the clinical application of PTL as an antitumor agent remains limited, owing to some disadvantages such as low water solubility and poor bioavailability. Thus, nanomedicine has attracted much interest because of its great potential for transporting poorly soluble drugs to desired body sites. In view of the significant advantages over their free small-molecule counterparts, nanoparticle delivery systems appear to be a potential solution for addressing the delivery of hydrophobic drugs, including PTL. In this review, we summarized the key anticancer mechanisms underlined by PTL as well as engineered PTL nanoparticles synthesized to date. Therefore, PTL nanoformulations could be an alternative strategy to maximize the therapeutic value of PTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Lu
- College of TCM, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center (SDATC), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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37
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Jiang Y, Wang Y, Fu S, Chen T, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Chen C, He LN, Du W, Li H, Lin Z, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Zhao H, Fang W, Huang Y, Hong S, Zhang L. A CT-based radiomics model to predict subsequent brain metastasis in patients with ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer undergoing crizotinib treatment. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:1558-1569. [PMID: 35437945 PMCID: PMC9161316 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain metastasis (BM) comprises the most common reason for crizotinib failure in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We hypothesize that its occurrence could be predicted by a computed tomography (CT)‐based radiomics model, therefore, allowing for selection of enriched patient populations for prevention therapies. Methods A total of 75 eligible patients were enrolled from Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center between June 2014 and September 2019. The primary endpoint was brain metastasis‐free survival (BMFS), estimated from the initiation of crizotinib to the date of the occurrence of BM. Patients were randomly divided into two cohorts for model training (n = 51) and validation (n = 24), respectively. A radiomics signature was constructed based on features extracted from chest CT before crizotinib treatment. Clinical model was developed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Log‐rank test was performed to describe the difference of BMFS risk. Results Patients with low radiomics score had significantly longer BMFS than those with higher, both in the training cohort (p = 0.019) and validation cohort (p = 0.048). The nomogram combining smoking history and the radiomics signature showed good performance for the estimation of BMFS, both in the training (concordance index [C‐index], 0.762; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.663–0.861) and validation cohort (C‐index, 0.724; 95% CI, 0.601–0.847). Conclusion We have developed a CT‐based radiomics model to predict subsequent BM in patients with non‐brain metastatic NSCLC undergoing crizotinib treatment. Selection of an enriched patient population at high BM risk will facilitate the design of clinical trials or strategies to prevent BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongluo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Fu
- Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of VIP region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Na He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaodong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Gliomas—Basic Insights and Treatment Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051319. [PMID: 35267626 PMCID: PMC8909866 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Macrophages are a specialized immune cell type found in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Versatile in functionality, macrophages carry out important tasks such as cleaning cellular debris in healthy tissues and mounting immune responses during infection. In many cancer types, macrophages make up a significant portion of tumor tissue, and these are aptly called tumor-associated macrophages. In gliomas, a group of primary brain tumors, these macrophages are found in very high frequency. Tumor-associated macrophages can promote glioma development and influence the outcome of various therapeutic regimens. At the same time, these cells provide various potential points of intervention for therapeutic approaches in glioma patients. The significance of tumor-associated macrophages in the glioma microenvironment and potential therapeutic targets are the focus of this review. Abstract Glioma refers to a group of primary brain tumors which includes glioblastoma (GBM), astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma as major entities. Among these, GBM is the most frequent and most malignant one. The highly infiltrative nature of gliomas, and their intrinsic intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity, pose challenges towards developing effective treatments. The glioma microenvironment, in addition, is also thought to play a critical role during tumor development and treatment course. Unlike most other solid tumors, the glioma microenvironment is dominated by macrophages and microglia—collectively known as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs, like their homeostatic counterparts, are plastic in nature and can polarize to either pro-inflammatory or immunosuppressive states. Many lines of evidence suggest that immunosuppressive TAMs dominate the glioma microenvironment, which fosters tumor development, contributes to tumor aggressiveness and recurrence and, very importantly, impedes the therapeutic effect of various treatment regimens. However, through the development of new therapeutic strategies, TAMs can potentially be shifted towards a proinflammatory state which is of great therapeutic interest. In this review, we will discuss various aspects of TAMs in the context of glioma. The focus will be on the basic biology of TAMs in the central nervous system (CNS), potential biomarkers, critical evaluation of model systems for studying TAMs and finally, special attention will be given to the potential targeted therapeutic options that involve the TAM compartment in gliomas.
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Jin Y, Kang Y, Wang M, Wu B, Su B, Yin H, Tang Y, Li Q, Wei W, Mei Q, Hu G, Lukacs-Kornek V, Li J, Wu K, Yuan X, Wang W. Targeting polarized phenotype of microglia via IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling to reduce NSCLC brain metastasis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:52. [PMID: 35194016 PMCID: PMC8864012 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages have emerged as crucial factors for metastases. Microglia are indispensable components of the brain microenvironment and play vital roles in brain metastasis (BM). However, the underlying mechanism of how activated microglia promote brain metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains elusive. Here, we purified cell lines with brain-metastatic tropism and employed a co-culture system to reveal their communication with microglia. By single-cell RNA-sequencing and transcriptome difference analysis, we identified IL6 as the key regulator in brain-metastatic cells (A549-F3) to induce anti-inflammatory microglia via JAK2/STAT3 signaling, which in turn promoted the colonization process in metastatic A549-F3 cells. In our clinical samples, patients with higher levels of IL6 in serum showed higher propensity for brain metastasis. Additionally, the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data revealed that NSCLC patients with a lower level of IL6 had a longer overall survival time compared to those with a higher level of IL6. Overall, our data indicate that the targeting of IL6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling in activated microglia may be a promising new approach for inhibiting brain metastasis in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yalin Kang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Minghuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bili Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Beibei Su
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Han Yin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qianxia Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenjie Wei
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qi Mei
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guangyuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Veronika Lukacs-Kornek
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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Guo S, Wang H, Yin Y. Microglia Polarization From M1 to M2 in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:815347. [PMID: 35250543 PMCID: PMC8888930 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.815347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Microglia can be categorized into two opposite types: classical (M1) or alternative (M2), though there’s a continuum of different intermediate phenotypes between M1 and M2, and microglia can transit from one phenotype to another. M1 microglia release inflammatory mediators and induce inflammation and neurotoxicity, while M2 microglia release anti-inflammatory mediators and induce anti-inflammatory and neuroprotectivity. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is considered as a double-edged sword, performing both harmful and helpful effects in neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies showed that balancing microglia M1/M2 polarization had a promising therapeutic prospect in neurodegenerative diseases. We suggest that shifting microglia from M1 to M2 may be significant and we focus on the modulation of microglia polarization from M1 to M2, especially by important signal pathways, in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Wu L, Wang L, Yang J, Jia W, Xu Y. Clinical Features, Treatments, and Prognosis of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Metastases From Lung Cancer: A Case Series and Systematic Review. Neurospine 2022; 19:65-76. [PMID: 35130420 PMCID: PMC8987539 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2142910.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from lung cancer (ISCM-LC) are increasing in prevalence. We aim to investigate its clinical features, treatments and prognosis.
Methods We reported 6 ISCM-LC cases and conducted a systematic review. Descriptive summarization, survival analysis, and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to comprehensively study the disease.
Results All 6 patients had surgery. One used chemotherapy and the other had targeted drugs. Two patients died of ISCM-LC, 1 died of pulmonary embolism, 1 was alive, and 2 were lost to follow-up. We identified 197 ISCM-LC cases in literature with a mean age of 58 years and male preponderance. Small cell lung cancer accounted for 39.1%. The median interval from lung cancer to ISCM-LC was 7 months. Limb weakness was the most common symptom, and 45% cases progressed rapidly. Concomitant brain, leptomeningeal, and vertebral metastasis occurred to 55.8%, 20%, and 19.5%, respectively. Peritumoral edema appeared in 83.3%. Through survival analysis, we found sex, extraspinal metastasis, pathology, and improved symptoms affected the overall survival. Additionally, gross total resection (GTR) shared similar effectiveness with non-GTR, and other treatments following surgery hardly added extra effect. Surgery, improved symptoms, and sex were 3 independent prognostic factors after adjusting for confounding. The estimated median survival time was 5 months.
Conclusion The overall survival of ISCM-LC remains poor. Surgery is an independent protective factor for survival. Surgery should be considered once tolerated, and GTR might not be necessary. In addition, female patients with improved symptoms after intervention might have better overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li'ao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulun Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Corresponding Author Yulun Xu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8365-1930 Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 Nansihuan Xilu, Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
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Wang P, Wu Y, Chen W, Zhang M, Qin J. Malignant Melanoma-Derived Exosomes Induce Endothelial Damage and Glial Activation on a Human BBB Chip Model. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:89. [PMID: 35200349 PMCID: PMC8869810 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a type of highly aggressive tumor, which has a strong ability to metastasize to brain, and 60-70% of patients die from the spread of the tumor into the central nervous system. Exosomes are a type of nano-sized vesicle secreted by most living cells, and accumulated studies have reported that they play crucial roles in brain tumor metastasis, such as breast cancer and lung cancer. However, it is unclear whether exosomes also participate in the brain metastasis of malignant melanoma. Here, we established a human blood-brain barrier (BBB) model by co-culturing human brain microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes and microglial cells under a biomimetic condition, and used this model to explore the potential roles of exosomes derived from malignant melanoma in modulating BBB integrity. Our findings showed that malignant melanoma-derived exosomes disrupted BBB integrity and induced glial activation on the BBB chip. Transcriptome analyses revealed dys-regulation of autophagy and immune responses following tumor exosome treatment. These studies indicated malignant melanoma cells might modulate BBB integrity via exosomes, and verified the feasibility of a BBB chip as an ideal platform for studies of brain metastasis of tumors in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (P.W.); (Y.W.); (W.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yunsong Wu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (P.W.); (Y.W.); (W.C.); (M.Z.)
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (P.W.); (Y.W.); (W.C.); (M.Z.)
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 116023, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (P.W.); (Y.W.); (W.C.); (M.Z.)
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 116023, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; (P.W.); (Y.W.); (W.C.); (M.Z.)
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 116023, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Chawla S, Tewarie IA, Zhang QO, Hulsbergen AFC, Mekary RA, Broekman MLD. The effect of smoking on survival in lung carcinoma patients with brain metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 2022; 45:3055-3066. [PMID: 35831518 PMCID: PMC9492581 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-022-01832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of smoking on survival in BM patients have yet to be reviewed and meta-analysed. However, previous studies have shown that smokers had a greater risk of dying from lung cancer compared to non-smokers. This meta-analysis, therefore, aimed to analyse the effects of cigarette smoking on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in lung cancer BM patients. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar were searched for comparative studies regarding the effects of smoking on incidence and survival in brain metastases patients up to December 2020. Three independent reviewers extracted overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival data (PFS). Random-effects models were used to pool multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR). Out of 1890 studies, fifteen studies with a total of 2915 patients met our inclusion criteria. Amongst lung carcinoma BM patients, those who were smokers (ever or yes) had a worse overall survival (HR: 1.34, 95% CI 1.13, 1.60, I2: 72.1%, p-heterogeneity < 0.001) than those who were non-smokers (never or no). A subgroup analysis showed the association to remain significant in the ever/never subgroup (HR: 1.34, 95% CI 1.11, 1.63) but not in the yes/no smoking subgroup (HR: 1.30, 95% CI 0.44, 3.88). This difference between the two subgroups was not statistically significant (p = 0.91). Amongst lung carcinoma BM patients, smoking was associated with a worse OS and PFS. Future studies examining BMs should report survival data stratified by uniform smoking status definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Chawla
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2LS UK ,Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center (CNOC), Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ishaan A. Tewarie
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center (CNOC), Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland The Netherlands ,Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, Lijnbaan 32, 2512VA The Hague, Zuid-Holland The Netherlands
| | - Qingwei O. Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Alexander F. C. Hulsbergen
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center (CNOC), Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland The Netherlands ,Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, Lijnbaan 32, 2512VA The Hague, Zuid-Holland The Netherlands
| | - Rania A. Mekary
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center (CNOC), Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,Department of Pharmaceutical Business and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS) University, 179 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Marike L. D. Broekman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA Leiden, Zuid-Holland The Netherlands ,Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, Lijnbaan 32, 2512VA The Hague, Zuid-Holland The Netherlands ,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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Carney CP, Pandey N, Kapur A, Woodworth GF, Winkles JA, Kim AJ. Harnessing nanomedicine for enhanced immunotherapy for breast cancer brain metastases. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:2344-2370. [PMID: 34716900 PMCID: PMC8568876 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common type of brain tumor, and the incidence among breast cancer (BC) patients has been steadily increasing over the past two decades. Indeed, ~ 30% of all patients with metastatic BC will develop BMs, and due to few effective treatments, many will succumb to the disease within a year. Historically, patients with BMs have been largely excluded from clinical trials investigating systemic therapies including immunotherapies (ITs) due to limited brain penetration of systemically administered drugs combined with previous assumptions that BMs are poorly immunogenic. It is now understood that the central nervous system (CNS) is an immunologically distinct site and there is increasing evidence that enhancing immune responses to BCBMs will improve patient outcomes and the efficacy of current treatment regimens. Progress in IT for BCBMs, however, has been slow due to several intrinsic limitations to drug delivery within the brain, substantial safety concerns, and few known targets for BCBM IT. Emerging studies demonstrate that nanomedicine may be a powerful approach to overcome such limitations, and has the potential to greatly improve IT strategies for BMs specifically. This review summarizes the evidence for IT as an effective strategy for BCBM treatment and focuses on the nanotherapeutic strategies currently being explored for BCBMs including targeting the blood-brain/tumor barrier (BBB/BTB), tumor cells, and tumor-supporting immune cells for concentrated drug release within BCBMs, as well as use of nanoparticles (NPs) for delivering immunomodulatory agents, for inducing immunogenic cell death, or for potentiating anti-tumor T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine P Carney
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Nikhil Pandey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Anshika Kapur
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Surgery and Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 West Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Zhang L, Bing S, Dong M, Lu X, Xiong Y. Targeting ion channels for the treatment of lung cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188629. [PMID: 34610420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is caused by several environmental and genetic variables and is globally associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. Among these variables, membrane-bound ion channels have a key role in regulating multiple signaling pathways in tumor cells and dysregulation of ion channel expression and function is closely related to proliferation, migration, and metastasis of lung cancer. This work reviews and summarizes current knowledge about the role of ion channels in lung cancer, focusing on the changes in the expression and function of various ion channels in lung cancer and how these changes affect lung cancer cell biology both in vitro and in vivo as evidenced by both genetic and pharmacological studies. It can help understand the molecular mechanisms of various ion channels influencing the initiation and progression of lung cancer and shed new insights into their roles in the development and treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Yijishan Hospital,2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241000,China.
| | - Shuya Bing
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Yijishan Hospital,2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241000,China
| | - Mo Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Yijishan Hospital,2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241000,China
| | - Xiaoqiu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Yijishan Hospital,2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241000,China
| | - Yuancheng Xiong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College,Yijishan Hospital,2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241000,China
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Briukhovetska D, Dörr J, Endres S, Libby P, Dinarello CA, Kobold S. Interleukins in cancer: from biology to therapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:481-499. [PMID: 34083781 PMCID: PMC8173513 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukins and associated cytokines serve as the means of communication for innate and adaptive immune cells as well as non-immune cells and tissues. Thus, interleukins have a critical role in cancer development, progression and control. Interleukins can nurture an environment enabling and favouring cancer growth while simultaneously being essential for a productive tumour-directed immune response. These properties of interleukins can be exploited to improve immunotherapies to promote effectiveness as well as to limit side effects. This Review aims to unravel some of these complex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Briukhovetska
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Janina Dörr
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Munich, Germany.
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany.
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Su CC, Wu JT, Neal JW, Popat RA, Kurian AW, Backhus LM, Nagpal S, Leung AN, Wakelee HA, Han SS. Impact of Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening for Primary Lung Cancer on Subsequent Risk of Brain Metastasis. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:1479-1489. [PMID: 34091050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain metastasis (BM) is one of the most common metastases from primary lung cancer (PLC). Recently, the National Lung Screening Trial revealed the efficacy of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening on LC mortality reduction. Nevertheless, it remains unknown if early detection of PLC through LDCT may be potentially beneficial in reducing the risk of subsequent metastases. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of LDCT screening for PLC on the risk of developing BM after PLC diagnosis. METHODS We used the National Lung Screening Trial data to identify 1502 participants who were diagnosed with PLC in 2002 to 2009 and have follow-up data for BM. Cause-specific competing risk regression was applied to evaluate an association between BM risk and the mode of PLC detection-that is, LDCT screen-detected versus non-LDCT screen-detected. Subgroup analyses were conducted in patients with early stage PLC and those who underwent surgery for PLC. RESULTS Of 1502 participants, 41.4% had PLC detected through LDCT screening versus 58.6% detected through other methods, for example, chest radiograph or incidental detection. Patients whose PLC was detected with LDCT screening had a significantly lower 3-year incidence of BM (6.5%) versus those without (11.9%), with a cause-specific hazard ratio (HR) of 0.53 (p = 0.001), adjusting for age at PLC diagnosis, PLC stage, PLC histology, and smoking status. This significant reduction in BM risk among PLCs detected through LDCT screening persisted in subgroups of participants with early stage PLC (HR = 0.47, p = 0.002) and those who underwent surgery (HR = 0.37, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Early detection of PLC using LDCT screening is associated with lower risk of BM after PLC diagnosis on the basis of a large population-based study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe C Su
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Julie T Wu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Joel W Neal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Rita A Popat
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Leah M Backhus
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Seema Nagpal
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ann N Leung
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Heather A Wakelee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Summer S Han
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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48
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Marques P, Piqueras L, Sanz MJ. An updated overview of e-cigarette impact on human health. Respir Res 2021; 22:151. [PMID: 34006276 PMCID: PMC8129966 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), for many considered as a safe alternative to conventional cigarettes, has revolutionised the tobacco industry in the last decades. In e-cigarettes, tobacco combustion is replaced by e-liquid heating, leading some manufacturers to propose that e-cigarettes have less harmful respiratory effects than tobacco consumption. Other innovative features such as the adjustment of nicotine content and the choice of pleasant flavours have won over many users. Nevertheless, the safety of e-cigarette consumption and its potential as a smoking cessation method remain controversial due to limited evidence. Moreover, it has been reported that the heating process itself can lead to the formation of new decomposition compounds of questionable toxicity. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been performed to better understand the impact of these new inhalable compounds on human health. Results of toxicological analyses suggest that e-cigarettes can be safer than conventional cigarettes, although harmful effects from short-term e-cigarette use have been described. Worryingly, the potential long-term effects of e-cigarette consumption have been scarcely investigated. In this review, we take stock of the main findings in this field and their consequences for human health including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Piqueras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Jesus Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibañez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain. .,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Uriarte Huarte O, Richart L, Mittelbronn M, Michelucci A. Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:660523. [PMID: 33867943 PMCID: PMC8044310 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.660523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune effector cells of the central nervous system (CNS) rapidly reacting to any perturbation in order to maintain CNS homeostasis. Although their outstanding reactive properties have been elucidated over the last decades, their heterogeneity in healthy tissue, such as across brain regions, as well as their diversity in the development and progression of brain diseases, are currently opening new avenues to understand the cellular and functional states of microglia subsets in a context-dependent manner. Here, we review the main breakthrough studies that helped in elucidating microglia heterogeneity in the healthy and diseased brain and might pave the way to critical functional screenings of the inferred cellular diversity. We suggest that unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying specific functionalities of microglial subpopulations, which may ultimately support or harm the neuronal network in neurodegenerative diseases, or may acquire pro- or anti-tumorigenic phenotypes in brain tumors, will possibly uncover new therapeutic avenues for to date non-curable neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Lorraine Richart
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Department of Oncology (DONC), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Department of Oncology (DONC), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Oncology (DONC), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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50
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Wu SY, Sharma S, Wu K, Tyagi A, Zhao D, Deshpande RP, Watabe K. Tamoxifen suppresses brain metastasis of estrogen receptor-deficient breast cancer by skewing microglia polarization and enhancing their immune functions. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:35. [PMID: 33736709 PMCID: PMC7977276 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain metastasis of breast cancer exhibits exceedingly poor prognosis, and both triple negative (TN) and Her2+ subtypes have the highest incidence of brain metastasis. Although estrogen blockers are considered to be ineffective for their treatment, recent evidence indicates that estrogen blockade using tamoxifen showed certain efficacy. However, how estrogen affects brain metastasis of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains elusive. Methods To examine the effect of estrogen on brain metastasis progression, nude mice were implanted with brain metastatic cells and treated with either estrogen supplement, tamoxifen, or ovariectomy for estrogen depletion. For clinical validation study, brain metastasis specimens from pre- and post-menopause breast cancer patients were examined for microglia polarization by immunohistochemistry. To examine the estrogen-induced M2 microglia polarization, microglia cells were treated with estrogen, and the M1/M2 microglia polarization was detected by qRT-PCR and FACS. The estrogen receptor-deficient brain metastatic cells, SkBrM and 231BrM, were treated with conditioned medium (CM) derived from microglia that were treated with estrogen in the presence or absence of tamoxifen. The effect of microglia-derived CM on tumor cells was examined by colony formation assay and sphere forming ability. Results We found that M2 microglia were abundantly infiltrated in brain metastasis of pre-menopausal breast cancer patients. A similar observation was made in vivo, when we treated mice systemically with estrogen. Blocking of estrogen signaling either by tamoxifen treatment or surgical resection of mice ovaries suppressed M2 microglial polarization and decreased the secretion of C-C motif chemokine ligand 5, resulting in suppression of brain metastasis. The estrogen modulation also suppressed stemness in TNBC cells in vitro. Importantly, estrogen enhanced the expression of signal regulatory protein α on microglia and restricted their phagocytic ability. Conclusions Our results indicate that estrogen promotes brain metastasis by skewing polarity of M2 microglia and inhibiting their phagocytic ability, while tamoxifen suppresses brain metastasis by blocking the M2 polarization of microglia and increasing their anti-tumor phagocytic ability. Our results also highlight a potential therapeutic utility of tamoxifen for treating brain metastasis of hormone receptor-deficient breast cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-021-01412-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ying Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sambad Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kerui Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Abhishek Tyagi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ravindra Pramod Deshpande
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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