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Paternoster L. Genetic landscape of atopic dermatitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:00130832-990000000-00135. [PMID: 38920356 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent advances in identifying genetic risk factors for atopic dermatitis and how these genetic associations are being used to explore the causal relationships between atopic dermatitis and potential risk factors and downstream outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS A recent large-scale GWAS meta-analysis has identified 91 genetic loci associated with atopic dermatitis. Rare variant studies have also identified new gain-of-function or loss-of-function variants implicated in atopic dermatitis, particularly for FLG and STAT6/JAK1. Finally, there has been a surge in utilizing genetic association data to investigate the causal relationships between atopic dermatitis and other traits. Mendelian randomization studies have found that various metabolites and gut microbiota are causal for atopic dermatitis and have causally implicate atopic dermatitis in the development of alopecia areata, diabetes, vascular dementia and some cancers. SUMMARY The past year has seen a huge increase in the genes implicated for atopic dermatitis and in the use of genetics to explore causal relationships. The latter requires caution in implementation and interpretation, but is a promising area of research. In the coming years, increasing the ethnic diversity of atopic dermatitis genetic studies would be very welcome and the translation of current genetic findings into new drugs will be an exciting area of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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2
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Mahmood L, Keskin S, Jefferson AA. Precision care in the treatment of pediatric asthma. Curr Opin Pediatr 2024; 36:304-309. [PMID: 38411592 PMCID: PMC11042999 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Precision medicine in pediatric asthma involves identification of asthma phenotypes, genetic markers, biomarkers, and biologics that target specific pathways. This review includes a discussion of the efficacy of currently approved biologics for pediatric asthma and most recent advances in biomarker/phenotype identification and genetic associations that affect asthma care. RECENT FINDINGS Biologics targeting type-2 mediated pathways have shown success in the treatment of moderate to severe asthma in pediatric and adult patients. In comparative studies, dupilumab, an interleukin-4 (IL-4) alpha receptor inhibitor, and mepolizumab, an IL-5 inhibitor, have shown more improvement in asthma exacerbation rates and lung function compared to other biologics such as tezepelumab, omalizumab and benralizumab. Other methods used to categorize asthma treatment response have been investigated and include use of biomarkers such as fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Genomic studies are also emerging in precision care for pediatric asthma. SUMMARY An understanding of underlying immunologic and genetic mechanisms affecting the development of asthma in pediatric patients has resulted in the production of numerous targeted therapies that have led to improvement in lung function and reduced exacerbation burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Mahmood
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sevdenur Keskin
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Akilah A. Jefferson
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Little Rock, Arkansas
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3
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James AE, Abdalgani M, Khoury P, Freeman AF, Milner JD. T H2-driven manifestations of inborn errors of immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00505-0. [PMID: 38761995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Monogenic lesions in pathways critical for effector functions responsible for immune surveillance, protection against autoinflammation, and appropriate responses to allergens and microorganisms underlie the pathophysiology of inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Variants in cytokine production, cytokine signaling, epithelial barrier function, antigen presentation, receptor signaling, and cellular processes and metabolism can drive autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and/or allergic inflammation. Identification of these variants has improved our understanding of the role that many of these proteins play in skewing toward TH2-related allergic inflammation. Early-onset or atypical atopic disease, often in conjunction with immunodeficiency and/or autoimmunity, should raise suspicion for an IEI. This becomes a diagnostic dilemma if the initial clinical presentation is solely allergic inflammation, especially when the prevalence of allergic diseases is becoming more common. Genetic sequencing is necessary for IEI diagnosis and is helpful for early recognition and implementation of targeted treatment, if available. Although genetic evaluation is not feasible for all patients with atopy, identifying atopic patients with molecular immune abnormalities may be helpful for diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic purposes. In this review, we focus on IEI associated with TH2-driven allergic manifestations and classify them on the basis of the affected molecular pathways and predominant clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa E James
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Manar Abdalgani
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Paneez Khoury
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Joshua D Milner
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
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4
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Kim B, Rothenberg ME, Sun X, Bachert C, Artis D, Zaheer R, Deniz Y, Rowe P, Cyr S. Neuroimmune interplay during type 2 inflammation: Symptoms, mechanisms, and therapeutic targets in atopic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:879-893. [PMID: 37634890 PMCID: PMC11215634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 inflammation is characterized by overexpression and heightened activity of type 2 cytokines, mediators, and cells that drive neuroimmune activation and sensitization to previously subthreshold stimuli. The consequences of altered neuroimmune activity differ by tissue type and disease; they include skin inflammation, sensitization to pruritogens, and itch amplification in atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis; airway inflammation and/or hyperresponsiveness, loss of expiratory volume, airflow obstruction and increased mucus production in asthma; loss of sense of smell in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; and dysphagia in eosinophilic esophagitis. We describe the neuroimmune interactions that underlie the various sensory and autonomic pathologies in type 2 inflammatory diseases and present recent advances in targeted treatment approaches to reduce type 2 inflammation and its associated symptoms in these diseases. Further research is needed to better understand the neuroimmune mechanisms that underlie chronic, sustained inflammation and its related sensory pathologies in diseases associated with type 2 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kim
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Claus Bachert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, International Airway Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY
| | | | - Yamo Deniz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY
| | | | - Sonya Cyr
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY
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5
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Jia J, Zhou X, Chu Q. Mechanisms and therapeutic prospect of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in liver cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04983-5. [PMID: 38519710 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer (LC) poses a significant global health challenge due to its high incidence and poor prognosis. Current systemic treatment options, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, and immunotherapy, have shown limited effectiveness for advanced LC patients. Moreover, owing to the heterogeneous nature of LC, it is crucial to uncover more in-depth pathogenic mechanisms and develop effective treatments to address the limitations of the existing therapeutic modalities. Increasing evidence has revealed the crucial role of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway in the pathogenesis of LC. The specific mechanisms driving the JAK-STAT pathway activation in LC, participate in a variety of malignant biological processes, including cell differentiation, evasion, anti-apoptosis, immune escape, and treatment resistance. Both preclinical and clinical investigations on the JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors have exhibited potential in LC treatment, thereby opening up avenues for the development of more targeted therapeutic strategies for LC. In this study, we provide an overview of the JAK-STAT pathway, delving into the composition, activation, and dynamic interplay within the pathway. Additionally, we focus on the molecular mechanisms driving the aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway in LC. Furthermore, we summarize the latest advancements in targeting the JAK-STAT pathway for LC treatment. The insights presented in this review aim to underscore the necessity of research into the JAK-STAT signaling pathway as a promising avenue for LC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunJun Jia
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xuelian Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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6
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Chaimowitz NS, Smith MR, Forbes Satter LR. JAK/STAT defects and immune dysregulation, and guiding therapeutic choices. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:311-328. [PMID: 38306168 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) encompass a diverse spectrum of genetic disorders that disrupt the intricate mechanisms of the immune system, leading to a variety of clinical manifestations. Traditionally associated with an increased susceptibility to recurrent infections, IEIs have unveiled a broader clinical landscape, encompassing immune dysregulation disorders characterized by autoimmunity, severe allergy, lymphoproliferation, and even malignancy. This review delves into the intricate interplay between IEIs and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, a critical regulator of immune homeostasis. Mutations within this pathway can lead to a wide array of clinical presentations, even within the same gene. This heterogeneity poses a significant challenge, necessitating individually tailored therapeutic approaches to effectively manage the diverse manifestations of these disorders. Additionally, JAK-STAT pathway defects can lead to simultaneous susceptibility to both infection and immune dysregulation. JAK inhibitors, with their ability to suppress JAK-STAT signaling, have emerged as powerful tools in controlling immune dysregulation. However, questions remain regarding the optimal selection and dosing regimens for each specific condition. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) holds promise as a curative therapy for many JAK-STAT pathway disorders, but this procedure carries significant risks. The use of JAK inhibitors as a bridge to HSCT has been proposed as a potential strategy to mitigate these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S Chaimowitz
- Department of Immunology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Madison R Smith
- UT Health Sciences Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa R Forbes Satter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- William T. Shearer Texas Children's Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, Texas, USA
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7
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Tangye SG, Mackie J, Pathmanandavel K, Ma CS. The trajectory of human B-cell function, immune deficiency, and allergy revealed by inborn errors of immunity. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:212-232. [PMID: 37983844 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The essential role of B cells is to produce protective immunoglobulins (Ig) that recognize, neutralize, and clear invading pathogens. This results from the integration of signals provided by pathogens or vaccines and the stimulatory microenvironment within sites of immune activation, such as secondary lymphoid tissues, that drive mature B cells to differentiate into memory B cells and antibody (Ab)-secreting plasma cells. In this context, B cells undergo several molecular events including Ig class switching and somatic hypermutation that results in the production of high-affinity Ag-specific Abs of different classes, enabling effective pathogen neutralization and long-lived humoral immunity. However, perturbations to these key signaling pathways underpin immune dyscrasias including immune deficiency and autoimmunity or allergy. Inborn errors of immunity that disrupt critical immune pathways have identified non-redundant requirements for eliciting and maintaining humoral immune memory but concomitantly prevent immune dysregulation. Here, we will discuss our studies on human B cells, and how our investigation of cytokine signaling in B cells have identified fundamental requirements for memory B-cell formation, Ab production as well as regulating Ig class switching in the context of protective versus allergic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph Mackie
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karrnan Pathmanandavel
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Bucciol G, Delafontaine S, Meyts I, Poli C. Inborn errors of immunity: A field without frontiers. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:15-27. [PMID: 38062988 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The study of primary immunodeficiencies or inborn errors of immunity continues to drive our knowledge of the function of the human immune system. From the outset, the study of inborn errors has focused on unraveling genetic etiologies and molecular mechanisms. Aided by the continuous growth in genetic diagnostics, the field has moved from the study of an infection dominated phenotype to embrace and unravel diverse manifestations of autoinflammation, autoimmunity, malignancy, and severe allergy in all medical disciplines. It has now moved from the study of ultrarare presentations to producing meaningful impact in conditions as diverse as inflammatory bowel disease, neurological conditions, and hematology. Beyond offering immunogenetic diagnosis, the study of underlying inborn errors of immunity in these conditions points to targeted treatment which can be lifesaving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Bucciol
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Selket Delafontaine
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Meyts
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Inborn Errors of Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Poli
- Facultad de Medicina Universidad del Desarrollo-Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
- Unidad de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Romberg N, Le Coz C. Common variable immunodeficiency, cross currents, and prevailing winds. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:233-243. [PMID: 38014621 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogenous disease category created to distinguish late-onset antibody deficiencies from early-onset diseases like agammaglobulinemia or more expansively dysfunctional combined immunodeficiencies. Opinions vary on which affected patients should receive a CVID diagnosis which confuses clinicians and erects reproducibility barriers for researchers. Most experts agree that CVID's most indeliable feature is defective germinal center (GC) production of isotype-switched, affinity-maturated antibodies. Here, we review the biological factors contributing to CVID-associated GC dysfunction including genetic, epigenetic, tolerogenic, microbiome, and regulatory abnormalities. We also discuss the consequences of these biological phenomena to the development of non-infectious disease complications. Finally, we opine on topics and lines of investigation we think hold promise for expanding our mechanistic understanding of this protean condition and for improving the lives of affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Romberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carole Le Coz
- Infinity, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, Toulouse, France
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10
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Sharma M, Suratannon N, Leung D, Baris S, Takeuchi I, Samra S, Yanagi K, Rosa Duque JS, Benamar M, Del Bel KL, Momenilandi M, Béziat V, Casanova JL, van Hagen PM, Arai K, Nomura I, Kaname T, Chatchatee P, Morita H, Chatila TA, Lau YL, Turvey SE. Human germline gain-of-function in STAT6: from severe allergic disease to lymphoma and beyond. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:138-153. [PMID: 38238227 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-6 is a transcription factor central to pro-allergic immune responses, although the function of human STAT6 at the whole-organism level has long remained unknown. Germline heterozygous gain-of-function (GOF) rare variants in STAT6 have been recently recognized to cause a broad and severe clinical phenotype of early-onset, multi-system allergic disease. Here, we provide an overview of the clinical presentation of STAT6-GOF disease, discussing how dysregulation of the STAT6 pathway causes severe allergic disease, and identifying possible targeted treatment approaches. Finally, we explore the mechanistic overlap between STAT6-GOF disease and other monogenic atopic disorders, and how this group of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) powerfully inform our fundamental understanding of common human allergic disease.
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11
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Tamari M, Del Bel KL, Ver Heul AM, Zamidar L, Orimo K, Hoshi M, Trier AM, Yano H, Yang TL, Biggs CM, Motomura K, Shibuya R, Yu CD, Xie Z, Iriki H, Wang Z, Auyeung K, Damle G, Demircioglu D, Gregory JK, Hasson D, Dai J, Chang RB, Morita H, Matsumoto K, Jain S, Van Dyken S, Milner JD, Bogunovic D, Hu H, Artis D, Turvey SE, Kim BS. Sensory neurons promote immune homeostasis in the lung. Cell 2024; 187:44-61.e17. [PMID: 38134932 PMCID: PMC10811756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines employ downstream Janus kinases (JAKs) to promote chronic inflammatory diseases. JAK1-dependent type 2 cytokines drive allergic inflammation, and patients with JAK1 gain-of-function (GoF) variants develop atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. To explore tissue-specific functions, we inserted a human JAK1 GoF variant (JAK1GoF) into mice and observed the development of spontaneous AD-like skin disease but unexpected resistance to lung inflammation when JAK1GoF expression was restricted to the stroma. We identified a previously unrecognized role for JAK1 in vagal sensory neurons in suppressing airway inflammation. Additionally, expression of Calcb/CGRPβ was dependent on JAK1 in the vagus nerve, and CGRPβ suppressed group 2 innate lymphoid cell function and allergic airway inflammation. Our findings reveal evolutionarily conserved but distinct functions of JAK1 in sensory neurons across tissues. This biology raises the possibility that therapeutic JAK inhibitors may be further optimized for tissue-specific efficacy to enhance precision medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tamari
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo 1058471, Japan; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 1578535, Japan
| | - Kate L Del Bel
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Aaron M Ver Heul
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lydia Zamidar
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Keisuke Orimo
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 1578535, Japan
| | - Masato Hoshi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anna M Trier
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yano
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ting-Lin Yang
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Catherine M Biggs
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Kenichiro Motomura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 1578535, Japan
| | - Rintaro Shibuya
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chuyue D Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zili Xie
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hisato Iriki
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kelsey Auyeung
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gargi Damle
- Tisch Cancer Institute Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing (BiNGS) Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Skin Biology and Disease Resource-based Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Deniz Demircioglu
- Tisch Cancer Institute Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing (BiNGS) Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Skin Biology and Disease Resource-based Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jill K Gregory
- Digital and Technology Partners, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dan Hasson
- Tisch Cancer Institute Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing (BiNGS) Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Skin Biology and Disease Resource-based Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jinye Dai
- Department of Pharmacological Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rui B Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Neuroimmune Interactions, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 1578535, Japan; Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 1578535, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 1578535, Japan
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven Van Dyken
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua D Milner
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing (BiNGS) Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Neuroimmune Interactions, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Brian S Kim
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mark Lebwohl Center for Neuroinflammation and Sensation, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Neuroimmune Interactions, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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12
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Liongue C, Sobah ML, Ward AC. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Proteins at the Nexus of Immunodeficiency, Autoimmunity and Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 12:45. [PMID: 38255152 PMCID: PMC10813391 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of proteins has been demonstrated to perform pivotal roles downstream of a myriad of cytokines, particularly those that control immune cell production and function. This is highlighted by both gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) mutations being implicated in various diseases impacting cells of the immune system. These mutations are typically inherited, although somatic GOF mutations are commonly observed in certain immune cell malignancies. This review details the growing appreciation of STAT proteins as a key node linking immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (C.L.); (M.L.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Mohamed Luban Sobah
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (C.L.); (M.L.S.)
| | - Alister C. Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (C.L.); (M.L.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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13
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Faguer S, Delabesse E, Paul C, Pasquet M. IL-4Rα Inhibition for Severe "Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis, Allergy, and Anaphylaxis" Syndrome due to a Gain-of-Function Variant in STAT6. J Clin Immunol 2023; 44:29. [PMID: 38133747 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Faguer
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, Transplantation, Immunity and Environment (TImE) Research Group, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Rénales Rares, University Hospital of Toulouse, 1, Avenue du Pr. Jean Poulhes, 31059, Toulouse Cedex, France.
- INSERM U1297 (Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires - I2MC), Toulouse, France.
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
- Groupe de Recherche Transplantation, Immunité, Environnement (TImE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | - Eric Delabesse
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- INSERM U1037 - CNRS (Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse), Toulouse, France
| | - Carle Paul
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- Groupe de Recherche Transplantation, Immunité, Environnement (TImE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Service d'Hématologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Des Enfants, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Pasquet
- Faculté de Santé, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- Service de Dermatologie, INSERM UMR1291 (Institut Toulousain des Maladies infectieuses et Inflammatoires - INFINITY), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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14
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Zhu WS, Litterman AJ, Sekhon HS, Kageyama R, Arce MM, Taylor KE, Zhao W, Criswell LA, Zaitlen N, Erle DJ, Ansel KM. GCLiPP: global crosslinking and protein purification method for constructing high-resolution occupancy maps for RNA binding proteins. Genome Biol 2023; 24:281. [PMID: 38062486 PMCID: PMC10701951 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
GCLiPP is a global RNA interactome capture method that detects RNA-binding protein (RBP) occupancy transcriptome-wide. GCLiPP maps RBP-occupied sites at a higher resolution than phase separation-based techniques. GCLiPP sequence tags correspond with known RBP binding sites and are enriched for sites detected by RBP-specific crosslinking immunoprecipitation (CLIP) for abundant cytosolic RBPs. Comparison of human Jurkat T cells and mouse primary T cells uncovers shared peaks of GCLiPP signal across homologous regions of human and mouse 3' UTRs, including a conserved mRNA-destabilizing cis-regulatory element. GCLiPP signal overlapping with immune-related SNPs uncovers stabilizing cis-regulatory regions in CD5, STAT6, and IKZF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi S Zhu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam J Litterman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Harshaan S Sekhon
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robin Kageyama
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maya M Arce
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly E Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Russell/Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Wenxue Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lindsey A Criswell
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Russell/Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Noah Zaitlen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - David J Erle
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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15
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Sams L, Wijetilleka S, Ponsford M, Gennery A, Jolles S. Atopic manifestations of inborn errors of immunity. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 23:478-490. [PMID: 37755421 PMCID: PMC10621644 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergy and atopic features are now well recognized manifestations of many inborn errors of immunity (IEI), and indeed may be the hallmark in some, such as DOCK8 deficiency. In this review, we describe the current IEI associated with atopy, using a comprehensive literature search and updates from the IUIS highlighting clinical clues for underlying IEI such as very early onset of atopic disease or treatment resistance to enable early and accurate genetic diagnosis. RECENT FINDINGS We focus on recently described genes, their categories of pathogenic mechanisms and the expanding range of potential therapies. SUMMARY We highlight in this review that patients with very early onset or treatment resistant atopic disorders should be investigated for an IEI, as targeted and effective therapies exist. Early and accurate genetic diagnosis is crucial in this cohort to reduce the burden of disease and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sams
- Paediatric Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Sonali Wijetilleka
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark Ponsford
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew Gennery
- Paediatric Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Great North Children's Hospital (GNCH), Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Stephen Jolles
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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Kostova P, Papochieva V, Miteva D, Georgieva B, Mileva S, Shahid M, Lukanov T, Petrova G. Elevated IgE Levels-An Allergy or an Underlying Inborn Error of Immunity in Children with Recurrent Infections? Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:70. [PMID: 37987248 PMCID: PMC10660463 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a hallmark of allergic diseases. However, high IgE levels also occur in a number of other infectious and noninfectious diseases. In most cases, elevated IgE levels indicate allergy, eczema, or chronic skin infection. Very high IgE levels are not uncommon in patients with active eczema but more often indicate monogenic atopic disorder or inborn errors of immunity with an atopic phenotype. We conducted a retrospective study of 385 children with suspected immune deficiency referred to the clinic over a 9-year period. Measurement of IgE, IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses in blood samples revealed that nearly one-third of the patients had elevated serum IgE levels. Most of the cases with elevated IgE were children with underlying atopy-mainly atopic dermatitis and, to a lesser extent, bronchial asthma-whereas 40.12% (37 children) had no atopy at all. In the most severe cases (with extremely elevated IgE or severe dermatitis), we confirmed genetic mutations for underlying immunodeficiency. Our results indicate that allergic phenotype should not be underestimated and that children with more severe allergic disease should be evaluated for an underlying inborn error of immunity. If inborn error of immunity (IEI) is suspected, a comprehensive immunologic evaluation is required. Genetic testing helps identify the specific genetic abnormality, which provides important insight into the immunopathogenesis of the disease and accurate determination of optimal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Kostova
- Pediatric Department, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Pediatric Clinic, UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vera Papochieva
- Pediatric Clinic, UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitrinka Miteva
- Pediatric Department, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Pediatric Clinic, UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bilyana Georgieva
- Pediatric Department, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Pediatric Clinic, UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sirma Mileva
- Pediatric Department, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Pediatric Clinic, UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martin Shahid
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Dermatology Clinic UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetelin Lukanov
- Department of Clinical Immunology with Stem Cell Bank, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Immunology, UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Guergana Petrova
- Pediatric Department, Medical University Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Pediatric Clinic, UMHAT Alexandrovska, 1 Georgi Sofiyski Str., 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
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17
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Rodríguez-Ubreva J, Calvillo CL, Forbes Satter LR, Ballestar E. Interplay between epigenetic and genetic alterations in inborn errors of immunity. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:902-916. [PMID: 37813732 PMCID: PMC10615875 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) comprise a variety of immune conditions leading to infections, autoimmunity, allergy, and cancer. Some IEIs have no identified mutation(s), while others with identical mutations can display heterogeneous presentations. These observations suggest the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic alterations can arise from downstream activation of cellular pathways through both extracellular stimulation and genetic-associated changes, impacting epigenetic enzymes or their interactors. Therefore, we posit that epigenetic alterations and genetic defects do not exclude each other as a disease-causing etiology. In this opinion, encompassing both basic and clinical viewpoints, we focus on selected IEIs with mutations in transcription factors that interact with epigenetic enzymes. The intricate interplay between these factors offers insights into genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in IEIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Ubreva
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia L Calvillo
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa R Forbes Satter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; William T. Shearer Texas Children's Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Epigenetics in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Health Science Center (HSC), East China Normal University (ECNU), Shanghai, China.
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18
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Fayand A, Hentgen V, Posseme C, Lacout C, Picard C, Moguelet P, Cescato M, Sbeih N, Moreau TRJ, Zhu YYJ, Charuel JL, Corneau A, Deibener-Kaminsky J, Dupuy S, Fusaro M, Hoareau B, Hovnanian A, Langlois V, Le Corre L, Maciel TT, Miskinyte S, Miyara M, Moulinet T, Perret M, Schuhmacher MH, Rignault-Bricard R, Viel S, Vinit A, Soria A, Duffy D, Launay JM, Callebert J, Herbeuval JP, Rodero MP, Georgin-Lavialle S. Successful treatment of JAK1-associated inflammatory disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:972-983. [PMID: 37343845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gain-of-function variants of JAK1 drive a rare immune dysregulation syndrome associated with atopic dermatitis, allergy, and eosinophilia. OBJECTIVES This study sought to describe the clinical and immunological characteristics associated with a new gain-of-function variant of JAK1 and report the therapeutic efficacy of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition. METHODS The investigators identified a family affected by JAK1-associated autoinflammatory disease and performed clinical assessment and immunological monitoring on 9 patients. JAK1 signaling was studied by flow and mass cytometry in patients' cells at basal state or after immune stimulation. A molecular disease signature in the blood was studied at the transcriptomic level. Patients were treated with 1 of 2 JAK inhibitors: either baricitinib or upadacitinib. Clinical, cellular, and molecular response were evaluated over a 2-year period. RESULTS Affected individuals displayed a syndromic disease with prominent allergy including atopic dermatitis, ichthyosis, arthralgia, chronic diarrhea, disseminated calcifying fibrous tumors, and elevated whole blood histamine levels. A variant of JAK1 localized in the pseudokinase domain was identified in all 9 affected, tested patients. Hyper-phosphorylation of STAT3 was found in 5 of 6 patients tested. Treatment of patients' cells with baricitinib controlled most of the atypical hyper-phosphorylation of STAT3. Administration of baricitinib to patients led to rapid improvement of the disease in all adults and was associated with reduction of systemic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Patients with this new JAK1 gain-of-function pathogenic variant displayed very high levels of blood histamine and showed a variable combination of atopy with articular and gastrointestinal manifestations as well as calcifying fibrous tumors. The disease, which appears to be linked to STAT3 hyperactivation, was well controlled under treatment by JAK inhibitors in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fayand
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Hentgen
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Group, Créteil, France; Department General Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Céline Posseme
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Carole Lacout
- Genetic Laboratory, Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Department of Internal Medicine, Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Moguelet
- Department of Pathology, Sorbonne Université, Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Margaux Cescato
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Nabiha Sbeih
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thomas R J Moreau
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Yixiang Y J Zhu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Charuel
- Département of Immunology, Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Corneau
- Production et Analyse de données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé (PASS), Plateforme de Cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Mixte de Service (UMS) 037, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Joelle Deibener-Kaminsky
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France; Molecular Engineering and Articular Physiopathology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7365, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Stéphanie Dupuy
- BioMedTech Facilities, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) Unité mixte de services (US) 36, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) Unité d'appui et de recherche (UAR) 2009, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Fusaro
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Benedicte Hoareau
- Production et Analyse de données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé (PASS), Plateforme de Cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Mixte de Service (UMS) 037, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Genomics Medicine of Rare Diseases, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Vincent Langlois
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacques Monod Hospital, Le Havre, France
| | - Laurent Le Corre
- Macromolecular Modeling Platform, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie, Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8601, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thiago T Maciel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Snaigune Miskinyte
- Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Makoto Miyara
- Département of Immunology, Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U1135, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Moulinet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France; Molecular Engineering and Articular Physiopathology, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7365, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Magali Perret
- Immunology Laboratory, Lyon Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, University of Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Rachel Rignault-Bricard
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutical Implications, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Viel
- Department of Genomics Medicine of Rare Diseases, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Angélique Vinit
- Production et Analyse de données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé (PASS), Plateforme de Cytométrie de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Mixte de Service (UMS) 037, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Angèle Soria
- Dermatology-Allergology Department, Sorbonne Université, Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U942, Hospital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM) U942, Hospital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Jean Philippe Herbeuval
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Mathieu P Rodero
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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Vaseghi-Shanjani M, Yousefi P, Sharma M, Samra S, Sifuentes E, Turvey SE, Biggs CM. Transcription factor defects in inborn errors of immunity with atopy. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1237852. [PMID: 37727514 PMCID: PMC10505736 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1237852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are critical components involved in regulating immune system development, maintenance, and function. Monogenic defects in certain TFs can therefore give rise to inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) with profound clinical implications ranging from infections, malignancy, and in some cases severe allergic inflammation. This review examines TF defects underlying IEIs with severe atopy as a defining clinical phenotype, including STAT3 loss-of-function, STAT6 gain-of-function, FOXP3 deficiency, and T-bet deficiency. These disorders offer valuable insights into the pathophysiology of allergic inflammation, expanding our understanding of both rare monogenic and common polygenic allergic diseases. Advances in genetic testing will likely uncover new IEIs associated with atopy, enriching our understanding of molecular pathways involved in allergic inflammation. Identification of monogenic disorders profoundly influences patient prognosis, treatment planning, and genetic counseling. Hence, the consideration of IEIs is essential for patients with severe, early-onset atopy. This review highlights the need for continued investigation into TF defects to enhance our understanding and management of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Vaseghi-Shanjani
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pariya Yousefi
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mehul Sharma
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Simran Samra
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erika Sifuentes
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stuart E. Turvey
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catherine M. Biggs
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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20
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Chen K, Ochs HD, Allenspach EJ. STAT6 joins the gain-of-function club. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:53-55. [PMID: 37192684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Chen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Eric J Allenspach
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash.
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21
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Tangye SG, Puel A. The Th17/IL-17 Axis and Host Defense Against Fungal Infections. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:1624-1634. [PMID: 37116791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) was recognized as a primary immunodeficiency in the early 1970s. However, for almost 40 years, its genetic etiology remained unknown. The progressive molecular and cellular description of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) with syndromic CMC pointed toward a possible role of IL-17-mediated immunity in protecting against fungal infection and CMC. Since 2011, novel IEI affecting either the response to or production of IL-17A and/or IL-17F (IL-17A/F) in patients with isolated or syndromic CMC provided formal proof of the pivotal role of the IL-17 axis in mucocutaneous immunity to Candida spp, and, to a lesser extent, to Staphylococcus aureus in humans. In contrast, IL-17-mediated immunity seems largely redundant against other common microbes in humans. In this review, we outline the current knowledge of IEI associated with impaired IL-17A/F-mediated immunity, highlighting our current understanding of the role of IL-17A/F in human immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Faculty of Medicine & Health, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, University of Paris, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Smith TD, Doherty TA. Learning while treating: Gain-of-function STAT6 variants in severe allergic disease. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101040. [PMID: 37196636 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In an era of rapid identification of inborn errors of immunity, Sharma et al.1 report novel heterozygous gain-of-function variants in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) gene in individuals with severe and early onset multi-systemic allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tukisa D Smith
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Taylor A Doherty
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Administration Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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23
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Toth KA, Schmitt EG, Cooper MA. Deficiencies and Dysregulation of STAT Pathways That Drive Inborn Errors of Immunity: Lessons from Patients and Mouse Models of Disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1463-1472. [PMID: 37126806 PMCID: PMC10151837 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The STAT family proteins provide critical signals for immune cell development, differentiation, and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are caused by single gene defects leading to immune deficiency and/or dysregulation, and they have provided opportunities to identify genes important for regulating the human immune response. Studies of patients with IEIs due to altered STAT signaling, and mouse models of these diseases, have helped to shape current understanding of the mechanisms whereby STAT signaling and protein interactions regulate immunity. Although many STAT signaling pathways are shared, clinical and immune phenotypes in patients with monogenic defects of STAT signaling highlight both redundant and nonredundant pathways. In this review, we provide an overview of the shared and unique signaling pathways used by STATs, phenotypes of IEIs with altered STAT signaling, and recent discoveries that have provided insight into the human immune response and treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A. Toth
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Erica G. Schmitt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Megan A. Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
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24
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Ott N, Faletti L, Heeg M, Andreani V, Grimbacher B. JAKs and STATs from a Clinical Perspective: Loss-of-Function Mutations, Gain-of-Function Mutations, and Their Multidimensional Consequences. J Clin Immunol 2023:10.1007/s10875-023-01483-x. [PMID: 37140667 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays a key role in cytokine signaling and is involved in development, immunity, and tumorigenesis for nearly any cell. At first glance, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway appears to be straightforward. However, on closer examination, the factors influencing the JAK/STAT signaling activity, such as cytokine diversity, receptor profile, overlapping JAK and STAT specificity among non-redundant functions of the JAK/STAT complexes, positive regulators (e.g., cooperating transcription factors), and negative regulators (e.g., SOCS, PIAS, PTP), demonstrate the complexity of the pathway's architecture, which can be quickly disturbed by mutations. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway has been, and still is, subject of basic research and offers an enormous potential for the development of new methods of personalized medicine and thus the translation of basic molecular research into clinical practice beyond the use of JAK inhibitors. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations in the three immunologically particularly relevant signal transducers STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6 as well as JAK1 and JAK3 present themselves through individual phenotypic clinical pictures. The established, traditional paradigm of loss-of-function mutations leading to immunodeficiency and gain-of-function mutation leading to autoimmunity breaks down and a more differentiated picture of disease patterns evolve. This review is intended to provide an overview of these specific syndromes from a clinical perspective and to summarize current findings on pathomechanism, symptoms, immunological features, and therapeutic options of STAT1, STAT3, STAT6, JAK1, and JAK3 loss-of-function and gain-of-function diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Ott
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Laura Faletti
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heeg
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Virginia Andreani
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- DZIF - German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- RESIST - Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Mackie J, Ma CS, Tangye SG, Guerin A. The ups and downs of STAT3 function: too much, too little and human immune dysregulation. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 212:107-116. [PMID: 36652220 PMCID: PMC10128169 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The STAT3 story has almost 30 years of evolving history. First identified in 1994 as a pro-inflammatory transcription factor, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) has continued to be revealed as a quintessential pleiotropic signalling module spanning fields including infectious diseases, autoimmunity, vaccine responses, metabolism, and malignancy. In 2007, germline heterozygous dominant-negative loss-of-function variants in STAT3 were discovered as the most common cause for a triad of eczematoid dermatitis with recurrent skin and pulmonary infections, first described in 1966. This finding established that STAT3 plays a critical non-redundant role in immunity against some pathogens, as well as in the connective tissue, dental and musculoskeletal systems. Several years later, in 2014, heterozygous activating gain of function germline STAT3 variants were found to be causal for cases of early-onset multiorgan autoimmunity, thereby underpinning the notion that STAT3 function needed to be regulated to maintain immune homeostasis. As we and others continue to interrogate biochemical and cellular perturbations due to inborn errors in STAT3, we will review our current understanding of STAT3 function, mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, and future directions in this dynamic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mackie
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Antoine Guerin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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26
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Ma CS, Tangye SG. Inborn errors of immunity: the Goldilocks effect-susceptibility to disease due to a little too much or a little too little. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 212:93-95. [PMID: 37042727 PMCID: PMC10128157 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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27
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Molofsky AB, Locksley RM. The ins and outs of innate and adaptive type 2 immunity. Immunity 2023; 56:704-722. [PMID: 37044061 PMCID: PMC10120575 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity is orchestrated by a canonical group of cytokines primarily produced by innate lymphoid cells, group 2, and their adaptive counterparts, CD4+ helper type 2 cells, and elaborated by myeloid cells and antibodies that accumulate in response. Here, we review the cytokine and cellular circuits that mediate type 2 immunity. Building from insights in cytokine evolution, we propose that innate type 2 immunity evolved to monitor the status of microbe-rich epithelial barriers (outside) and sterile parenchymal borders (inside) to meet the functional demands of local tissue, and, when necessary, to relay information to the adaptive immune system to reinforce demarcating borders to sustain these efforts. Allergic pathology likely results from deviations in local sustaining units caused by alterations imposed by environmental effects during postnatal developmental windows and exacerbated by mutations that increase vulnerabilities. This framework positions T2 immunity as central to sustaining tissue repair and regeneration and provides a context toward understanding allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Lab Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0451, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0795, USA.
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28
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Ma CS. T-helper-2 cells and atopic disease: lessons learnt from inborn errors of immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 81:102298. [PMID: 36870225 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are caused by monogenic variants that affect the host response to bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. As such, individuals with IEI often present with severe, recurrent, and life-threatening infections. However, the spectrum of disease due to IEI is very broad and extends to include autoimmunity, malignancy, and atopic diseases such as eczema, atopic dermatitis, and food and environmental allergies. Here, I review IEI that affect cytokine signaling pathways that dysregulate CD4+ T-cell differentiation, resulting in increased T-helper-2 (Th2) cell development, function, and pathogenicity. These are elegant examples of how rare IEI can provide unique insights into more common pathologies such as allergic disease that are impacting the general population at increased frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium of Australasia (CIRCA), Australia.
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