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de Santana CJC, Pires Júnior OR, Fontes W, Palma MS, Castro MS. Mastoparans: A Group of Multifunctional α-Helical Peptides With Promising Therapeutic Properties. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:824989. [PMID: 35813822 PMCID: PMC9263278 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.824989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically active peptides have been attracting increasing attention, whether to improve the understanding of their mechanisms of action or in the search for new therapeutic drugs. Wasp venoms have been explored as a remarkable source for these molecules. In this review, the main findings on the group of wasp linear cationic α-helical peptides called mastoparans were discussed. These compounds have a wide variety of biological effects, including mast cell degranulation, activation of protein G, phospholipase A2, C, and D activation, serotonin and insulin release, and antimicrobial, hemolytic, and anticancer activities, which could lead to the development of new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos José Correia de Santana
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Osmindo Rodrigues Pires Júnior
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Palma
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Mariana S. Castro
- Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Mariana S. Castro,
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2
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Morissette P, Li N, Ballard JE, Vavrek M, Adams GL, Regan C, Regan H, Lee KJ, Wang W, Burton A, Chen F, Gerenser P, Li Y, Kraus RL, Tellers D, Palani A, Zhu Y, Sun C, Bianchi E, Colarusso S, De Simone D, Frattarelli T, Pasquini NM, Amin RP. Guiding Chemically Synthesized Peptide Drug Lead Optimization by Derisking Mast Cell Degranulation-Related Toxicities of a NaV1.7 Peptide Inhibitor. Toxicol Sci 2021; 185:170-183. [PMID: 34897513 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that some peptides and small molecules can induce non IgE-mediated anaphylactoid reactions through mast cell activation. Upon activation, mast cells degranulate and release vasoactive and proinflammatory mediators, from cytoplasmic granules into the extracellular environment which can induce a cascade of severe adverse reactions. This study describes a lead optimization strategy to select NaV1.7 inhibitor peptides that minimize acute mast cell degranulation (MCD) toxicities. Various in vitro, in vivo, and PKPD models were used to screen candidates and guide peptide chemical modifications to mitigate this risk. Anesthetized rats dosed with peptides demonstrated treatment-related decreases in blood pressure and increases in plasma histamine concentrations which were reversible with a mast cell stabilizer, supporting the MCD mechanism. In vitro testing in rat mast cells with NaV1.7 peptides demonstrated a concentration-dependent increase in histamine. Pharmacodynamic modeling facilitated establishing an in vitro to in vivo correlation for histamine as a biomarker for blood pressure decline via the MCD mechanism. These models enabled assessment of structure-activity relationship (SAR) to identify substructures that contribute to peptide-mediated MCD. Peptides with hydrophobic and cationic characteristics were determined to have an elevated risk for MCD, which could be reduced or avoided by incorporating anionic residues into the protoxin II scaffold. Our analyses support that in vitro MCD assessment in combination with PKPD modeling can guide SAR to improve peptide lead optimization and ensure an acceptable early in vivo tolerability profile with reduced resources, cycle time, and animal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Morissette
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Nianyu Li
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Jeanine E Ballard
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Marissa Vavrek
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Gregory L Adams
- Discovery Chemistry Peptide, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Chris Regan
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Hillary Regan
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - K J Lee
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Weixun Wang
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism (PPDM), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Aimee Burton
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Feifei Chen
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Pamela Gerenser
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Yuxing Li
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Richard L Kraus
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - David Tellers
- Discovery Chemistry Peptide, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Anand Palani
- Discovery Chemistry Peptide, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Yuping Zhu
- Discovery Chemistry Peptide, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Chengzao Sun
- Discovery Chemistry Peptide, Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Peptides and Small Molecules R&D Department, IRBM Spa , Pomezia, Rome 00071, Italy
| | - Stefania Colarusso
- Peptides and Small Molecules R&D Department, IRBM Spa , Pomezia, Rome 00071, Italy
| | - Daniele De Simone
- Peptides and Small Molecules R&D Department, IRBM Spa , Pomezia, Rome 00071, Italy
| | - Tommaso Frattarelli
- Peptides and Small Molecules R&D Department, IRBM Spa , Pomezia, Rome 00071, Italy
| | | | - Rupesh P Amin
- Nonclinical Drug Safety (NDS), Merck & Co., Inc, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA
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3
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Moattari CR, Granstein RD. Neuropeptides and neurohormones in immune, inflammatory and cellular responses to ultraviolet radiation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13644. [PMID: 33724698 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to varying amounts of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) through sunlight. UVR penetrates into human skin leading to release of neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones. These messengers released from local sensory nerves, keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), mast cells, melanocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) modulate local and systemic immune responses, mediate inflammation and promote differing cell biologic effects. In this review, we will focus on both animal and human studies that elucidate the roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), nerve growth factor (NGF), nitric oxide and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derivatives in mediating immune and inflammatory effects of exposure to UVR as well as other cell biologic effects of UVR exposure.
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4
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Peng D, Zhang Q, Yang Q, Li J, Li D, Tang D, Chen M, Liang S, Liu Y, Wang S, Liu Z. Engineering of highly potent and selective HNTX-III mutant against hNa v1.7 sodium channel for treatment of pain. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100326. [PMID: 33493520 PMCID: PMC7988488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 (hNav1.7) is involved in the generation and conduction of neuropathic and nociceptive pain signals. Compelling genetic and preclinical studies have validated that hNav1.7 is a therapeutic target for the treatment of pain; however, there is a dearth of currently available compounds capable of targeting hNav1.7 with high potency and specificity. Hainantoxin-III (HNTX-III) is a 33-residue polypeptide from the venom of the spider Ornithoctonus hainana. It is a selective antagonist of neuronal tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channels. Here, we report the engineering of improved potency and Nav selectivity of hNav1.7 inhibition peptides derived from the HNTX-III scaffold. Alanine scanning mutagenesis showed key residues for HNTX-III interacting with hNav1.7. Site-directed mutagenesis analysis indicated key residues on hNav1.7 interacting with HNTX-III. Molecular docking was conducted to clarify the binding interface between HNTX-III and Nav1.7 and guide the molecular engineering process. Ultimately, we obtained H4 [K0G1-P18K-A21L-V] based on molecular docking of HNTX-III and hNav1.7 with a 30-fold improved potency (IC50 0.007 ± 0.001 μM) and >1000-fold selectivity against Nav1.4 and Nav1.5. H4 also showed robust analgesia in the acute and chronic inflammatory pain model and neuropathic pain model. Thus, our results provide further insight into peptide toxins that may prove useful in guiding the development of inhibitors with improved potency and selectivity for Nav subtypes with robust analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Wang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dezheng Peng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuchu Yang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Li
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dongfang Tang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minzhi Chen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songping Liang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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5
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Gupta A, Kumar D, Puri S, Puri V. Neuroimmune Mechanisms in Signaling of Pain During Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:424. [PMID: 32850914 PMCID: PMC7427621 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant global health concern. The primary causes of AKI include ischemia, sepsis and nephrotoxicity. The unraveled interface between nervous system and immune response with specific focus on pain pathways is generating a huge interest in reference to AKI. The nervous system though static executes functions by nerve fibers throughout the body. Neuronal peptides released by nerves effect the immune response to mediate the hemodynamic system critical to the functioning of kidney. Pain is the outcome of cellular cross talk between nervous and immune systems. The widespread release of neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and immune cells contribute to bidirectional neuroimmune cross talks for pain manifestation. Recently, we have reported pain pathway genes that may pave the way to better understand such processes during AKI. An auxiliary understanding of the functions and communications in these systems will lead to novel approaches in pain management and treatment through the pathological state, specifically during acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprajita Gupta
- Centre for Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dev Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjeev Puri
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Veena Puri
- Centre for Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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6
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Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are well known for their role in allergic conditions. This cell can be activated by various types of secretagogues, ranging from a small chemical to a huge protein. Mast cell activation by secretagogues triggers the increase in intracellular calcium (iCa2+) concentration, granule trafficking, and exocytosis. Activated mast cells release their intra-granular pre-stored mediator or the newly synthesized mediator in the exocytosis process, in the form of degranulation or secretion. There are at least three types of exocytosis in mast cells, which are suggested to contribute to the release of different mediators, i.e.,, piecemeal, kiss-and-run, and compound exocytosis. The status of mast cells, i.e., activated or resting, is often determined by measuring the concentration of the released mediator such as histamine or β-hexosaminidase. This review summarizes several mast cell components that have been and are generally used as mast cell activation indicator, from the classical histamine and β-hexosaminidase measurement, to eicosanoid and granule trafficking observation. Basic principle of the component determination is also explained with their specified research application and purpose. The information will help to predict the experiment results with a certain study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Novrizal Abdi Sahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Curcumin Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Univeristas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Takeshi Kiyoi
- Division of Analytical Bio-medicine, Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University , Toon, Ehime, Japan
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7
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Abe N, Toyama H, Ejima Y, Saito K, Tamada T, Yamauchi M, Kazama I. α 1-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade by Prazosin Synergistically Stabilizes Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3214186. [PMID: 32461978 PMCID: PMC7243011 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3214186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenaline quickly inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells. Besides β 2-adrenergic receptors, several in vitro studies also indicate the involvement of α-adrenergic receptors in the process of exocytosis. Since exocytosis in mast cells can be detected electrophysiologically by the changes in the membrane capacitance (Cm), its continuous monitoring in the presence of drugs would determine their mast cell-stabilizing properties. METHODS Employing the whole-cell patch-clamp technique in rat peritoneal mast cells, we examined the effects of adrenaline on the degranulation of mast cells and the increase in the Cm during exocytosis. We also examined the degranulation of mast cells in the presence or absence of α-adrenergic receptor agonists or antagonists. RESULTS Adrenaline dose-dependently suppressed the GTP-γ-S-induced increase in the Cm and inhibited the degranulation from mast cells, which was almost completely erased in the presence of butoxamine, a β 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Among α-adrenergic receptor agonists or antagonists, high-dose prazosin, a selective α 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, significantly reduced the ratio of degranulating mast cells and suppressed the increase in the Cm. Additionally, prazosin augmented the inhibitory effects of adrenaline on the degranulation of mast cells. CONCLUSIONS This study provided electrophysiological evidence for the first time that adrenaline dose-dependently inhibited the process of exocytosis, confirming its usefulness as a potent mast cell stabilizer. The pharmacological blockade of α 1-adrenergic receptor by prazosin synergistically potentiated such mast cell-stabilizing property of adrenaline, which is primarily mediated by β 2-adrenergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Abe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Toyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ejima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazutomo Saito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamauchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Itsuro Kazama
- Miyagi University, School of Nursing, Gakuen, Taiwa-cho, Kurokawa-gun, Miyagi, Japan
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8
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Watson CJF, Maguire ARR, Rouillard MM, Crozier RWE, Yousef M, Bruton KM, Fajardo VA, MacNeil AJ. TAK1 signaling activity links the mast cell cytokine response and degranulation in allergic inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:649-661. [PMID: 32108376 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0220-401rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells drive the inappropriate immune response characteristic of allergic inflammatory disorders via release of pro-inflammatory mediators in response to environmental cues detected by the IgE-FcεRI complex. The role of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a participant in related signaling in other contexts, remains unknown in allergy. We detect novel activation of TAK1 at Ser412 in response to IgE-mediated activation under SCF-c-kit potentiation in a mast cell-driven response characteristic of allergic inflammation, which is potently blocked by TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (OZ). We, therefore, interrogated the role of TAK1 in a series of mast cell-mediated responses using IgE-sensitized murine bone marrow-derived mast cells, stimulated with allergen under several TAK1 inhibition strategies. TAK1 inhibition by OZ resulted in significant impairment in the phosphorylation of MAPKs p38, ERK, and JNK; and mediation of the NF-κB pathway via IκBα. Impaired gene expression and near abrogation in release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-6, IL-13, and chemokines CCL1, and CCL2 was detected. Finally, a significant inhibition of mast cell degranulation, accompanied by an impairment in calcium mobilization, was observed in TAK1-inhibited cells. These results suggest that TAK1 acts as a signaling node, not only linking the MAPK and NF-κB pathways in driving the late-phase response, but also initiation of the degranulation mechanism of the mast cell early-phase response following allergen recognition and may warrant consideration in future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton J F Watson
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Cairns Family Health and Bioscience Research Complex, Brock University, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aindriu R R Maguire
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Cairns Family Health and Bioscience Research Complex, Brock University, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa M Rouillard
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Cairns Family Health and Bioscience Research Complex, Brock University, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert W E Crozier
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Cairns Family Health and Bioscience Research Complex, Brock University, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Yousef
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Cairns Family Health and Bioscience Research Complex, Brock University, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly M Bruton
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Cairns Family Health and Bioscience Research Complex, Brock University, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Cairns Family Health and Bioscience Research Complex, Brock University, Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Mathew G, Sharma A, Pickering RJ, Rosado CJ, Lemarie J, Mudgal J, Thambi M, Sebastian S, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, de Haan JB, Unnikrishnan MK. A novel synthetic small molecule DMFO targets Nrf2 in modulating proinflammatory/antioxidant mediators to ameliorate inflammation. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1140-1157. [PMID: 30422019 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1533636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective immune response against invading pathogens, however, dysregulated inflammation is detrimental. As the complex inflammatory response involves multiple mediators, including the involvement of reactive oxygen species, concomitantly targeting proinflammatory and antioxidant check-points may be a more rational strategy. We report the synthesis and anti-inflammatory/antioxidant activity of a novel indanedione derivative DMFO. DMFO scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) in in-vitro radical scavenging assays and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In acute models of inflammation (carrageenan-induced inflammation in rat paw and air pouch), DMFO effectively reduced paw oedema and leucocyte infiltration with an activity comparable to diclofenac. DMFO stabilised mast cells (MCs) in in-vitro A23187 and compound 48/80-induced assays. Additionally, DMFO stabilised MCs in an antigen (ovalbumin)-induced MC degranulation model in-vivo, without affecting serum IgE levels. In a model of chronic immune-mediated inflammation, Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis, DMFO reduced arthritic score and contralateral paw oedema, and increased the pain threshold with an efficacy comparable to diclofenac but without being ulcerogenic. Additionally, DMFO significantly reduced serum TNFα levels. Mechanistic studies revealed that DMFO reduced proinflammatory genes (IL1β, TNFα, IL6) and protein levels (COX2, MCP1), with a concurrent increase in antioxidant genes (NQO1, haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1), Glo1, Nrf2) and protein (HO-1) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Importantly, the anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effect on gene expression was absent in primary macrophages isolated from Nrf2 KO mice suggesting an Nrf2-targeted activity, which was subsequently confirmed using siRNA transfection studies in RAW macrophages. Therefore, DMFO is a novel, orally-active, safe (even at 2 g/kg p.o.), a small molecule which targets Nrf2 in ameliorating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Mathew
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India.,b Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain , Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia.,c Department of Diabetes, the Alfred Centre , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Arpeeta Sharma
- b Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain , Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Raelene J Pickering
- c Department of Diabetes, the Alfred Centre , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Carlos J Rosado
- c Department of Diabetes, the Alfred Centre , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jeremie Lemarie
- b Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain , Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Magith Thambi
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Sarine Sebastian
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Karin A Jandeleit-Dahm
- b Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain , Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia.,c Department of Diabetes, the Alfred Centre , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Judy B de Haan
- b Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain , Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Mazhuvancherry K Unnikrishnan
- d Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
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10
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Immunological response to bacterial infection in a pelagic tunicate: Inflammation in the salp Thalia democratica. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 159:28-40. [PMID: 30359568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thaliaceans are pelagic tunicates that play a key role in trophic chains of the oceans. In the field of tunicate immunity, a notable gap is the lack of data on their inflammatory response. The common salp, Thalia democratica, possesses scant immunocytes, represented by a phagocytic line (hyaline amebocytes) and a mast cell-like line (granular cells). We aimed to provide the first investigation of defense reactions upon exposure to a large amount of bacteria (Bacillus clausii). We detected (i) bacterial phagocytosis by hyaline amebocytes, (ii) degradation of phagocytizing hyaline amebocytes in the tunic after transcellular diapedesis from the hemocoel, and (iii) release of heparin, histamine, and TNF-α by granular cells. Cell degranulation and phagocytosis occurred in epidermal cells lining the hemocoel, and an excess of mucus was observed in the post-branchial gut, causing a functional inhibition of cilia and microvilli. These findings indicate multi-step events comparable to an inflammation involving responses at both tissue and organismal levels.
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11
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Murakami T, Suzuki K, Niyonsaba F, Tada H, Reich J, Tamura H, Nagaoka I. MrgX2‑mediated internalization of LL‑37 and degranulation of human LAD2 mast cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4951-4959. [PMID: 30280189 PMCID: PMC6236315 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
LL‑37 is the sole antimicrobial peptide of human cathelicidin comprising 37 amino acids, which is expressed mainly in epithelial cells and neutrophils, and activates mast cells. In the present study, in order to elucidate the mechanism of mast cell activation by LL‑37, the associations between the internalization of LL‑37 and Mas‑related gene X2 (MrgX2)‑mediated mast cell activation (degranulation) was investigated using the human mast cell line, LAD2. LL‑37 was rapidly internalized into the cells, and induced degranulation, as assessed by the extracellular release of β‑hexosaminidase. Pertussis toxin, a G‑protein inhibitor, significantly suppressed the internalization of LL‑37 and the degranulation of LAD2 cells. Furthermore, small interfering (si)‑RNA‑mediated knockdown of MrgX2, a putative G protein‑coupled receptor for LL‑37, inhibited the internalization of LL‑37 and degranulation of LAD2 cells. Notably, LL‑37 internalization was enhanced by the stable expression of MrgX2 in HMC‑1 and 293 cells. In addition, the internalized LL‑37 mainly colocalized with MrgX2 in the perinuclear region of LAD2 cells. Furthermore, neuraminidase treatment, which removes negatively charged sialic acid from the cell surface, markedly reduced the internalization of LL‑37 and degranulation of LAD2 cells, and clathrin‑mediated endocytosis inhibitors (dynasore and chlorpromazine) inhibited the internalization and degranulation of LAD2 cells. Taken together, these observations indicated that LL‑37 may bind the negatively charged cell surface molecules, rapidly internalize into the cells via clathrin‑mediated endocytosis and interact with MrgX2 to activate mast cells (LAD2 cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Murakami
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Kaori Suzuki
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Francois Niyonsaba
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tada
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai‑shi, Miyagi 980‑8575, Japan
| | - Johannes Reich
- Endotoxin Test Service, Microcoat Biotechnologie GmbH, D‑82347 Bernried, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Tamura
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Isao Nagaoka
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
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12
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Voisin T, Bouvier A, Chiu IM. Neuro-immune interactions in allergic diseases: novel targets for therapeutics. Int Immunol 2018; 29:247-261. [PMID: 28814067 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted an emerging role for neuro-immune interactions in mediating allergic diseases. Allergies are caused by an overactive immune response to a foreign antigen. The peripheral sensory and autonomic nervous system densely innervates mucosal barrier tissues including the skin, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal (GI) tract that are exposed to allergens. It is increasingly clear that neurons actively communicate with and regulate the function of mast cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils, Th2 cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells in allergic inflammation. Several mechanisms of cross-talk between the two systems have been uncovered, with potential anatomical specificity. Immune cells release inflammatory mediators including histamine, cytokines or neurotrophins that directly activate sensory neurons to mediate itch in the skin, cough/sneezing and bronchoconstriction in the respiratory tract and motility in the GI tract. Upon activation, these peripheral neurons release neurotransmitters and neuropeptides that directly act on immune cells to modulate their function. Somatosensory and visceral afferent neurons release neuropeptides including calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide, which can act on type 2 immune cells to drive allergic inflammation. Autonomic neurons release neurotransmitters including acetylcholine and noradrenaline that signal to both innate and adaptive immune cells. Neuro-immune signaling may play a central role in the physiopathology of allergic diseases including atopic dermatitis, asthma and food allergies. Therefore, getting a better understanding of these cellular and molecular neuro-immune interactions could lead to novel therapeutic approaches to treat allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Voisin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amélie Bouvier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Manning BM, Gruba SM, Meyer AF, Haynes CL. Neuropeptide-Induced Mast Cell Degranulation and Characterization of Signaling Modulation in Response to IgE Conditioning. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3077-3083. [PMID: 27580075 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As tissue-resident immune cells, mast cells are frequently found in close proximity to afferent neurons and are subjected to immunoactive mediators secreted by these neurons, including substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Neurogenic inflammation is thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of many diseases. Unraveling the cellular mechanisms at the interface between the immune response and the peripheral nervous system is important for understanding how these diseases arise and progress. In this work, mast cell degranulation following direct exposure to CGRP and SP was studied both at the bulk and single-cell levels to characterize the mouse peritoneal mast cell response to neuropeptides and compare this response to well-studied mast cell activation pathways. Results show that mast cells secrete fewer chemical messenger-filled granules with increased IgE preincubation concentrations. The biophysical characteristics of mast cell degranulation in response to SP and CGRP is in many ways similar to calcium ionophore-induced mast cell degranulation; however, neuropeptide-stimulated mast cells secrete reduced chemical messenger content per secretion event, resulting in an overall relative decrease in secreted chemical messengers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Manning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sarah M. Gruba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Audrey F. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christy L. Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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14
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Mori T, Abe N, Saito K, Toyama H, Endo Y, Ejima Y, Yamauchi M, Goto M, Mushiake H, Kazama I. Hydrocortisone and dexamethasone dose-dependently stabilize mast cells derived from rat peritoneum. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1358-1365. [PMID: 27710865 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides their anti-inflammatory properties, corticosteroid drugs exert anti-allergic effects. Exocytosis of mast cells is electrophysiologically detected as the increase in the whole-cell membrane capacitance (Cm). Therefore, the lack of such increase after exposure to the drugs suggests their mast cell-stabilizing effects. METHODS We examined the effects of 1, 10, 100 and 200μM hydrocortisone or dexamethasone on the degranulation from rat peritoneal mast cells. Employing the whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique, we also tested their effects on the Cm during exocytosis. RESULTS At relatively lower concentrations (1, 10μM), both hydrocortisone and dexamethasone did not significantly affect the degranulation from mast cells and the increase in the Cm induced by GTP-γ-S. Nevertheless, at higher doses (100, 200μM), these drugs inhibited the degranulation from mast cells and markedly suppressed the GTP-γ-S-induced increase in the Cm. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided electrophysiological evidence for the first time that corticosteroid drugs, such as hydrocortisone and dexamethasone, inhibited the exocytotic process of mast cells in a dose-dependent manner. The mast cell-stabilizing effects of these drugs may be attributable to their "non-genomic" action, by which they exert rapid anti-allergic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Mori
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nozomu Abe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Hospital Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazutomo Saito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Hospital Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Toyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Hospital Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Endo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Hospital Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ejima
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Hospital Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamauchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tohoku University Hospital Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mariko Goto
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hajime Mushiake
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Itsuro Kazama
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Schuler EE, Nagarajan S, Dyer RB. Submillisecond Dynamics of Mastoparan X Insertion into Lipid Membranes. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3365-3370. [PMID: 27513014 PMCID: PMC5019822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of protein insertion into a lipid bilayer is poorly understood because the kinetics of this process is difficult to measure. We developed a new approach to study insertion of the antimicrobial peptide Mastoparan X into zwitterionic lipid vesicles, using a laser-induced temperature-jump to initiate insertion on the microsecond time scale and infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies to follow the kinetics. Infrared probes the desolvation of the peptide backbone and yields biphasic kinetics with relaxation lifetimes of 12 and 117 μs, whereas fluorescence probes the intrinsic tryptophan residue located near the N-terminus and yields a single exponential phase with a lifetime of 440 μs. Arrhenius analysis of the temperature-dependent rates yields an activation energy for insertion of 96 kJ/mol. These results demonstrate the complexity of the insertion process and provide mechanistic insight into the interplay between peptides and the lipid bilayer required for peptide transport across cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R. Brian Dyer
- Corresponding Author: Address: Emory University, Department of Chemistry, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322. Phone: 404-727-6637;
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Subramanian H, Gupta K, Ali H. Roles of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 on mast cell-mediated host defense, pseudoallergic drug reactions, and chronic inflammatory diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:700-710. [PMID: 27448446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), which are granulated tissue-resident cells of hematopoietic lineage, contribute to vascular homeostasis, innate/adaptive immunity, and wound healing. However, MCs are best known for their roles in allergic and inflammatory diseases, such as anaphylaxis, food allergy, rhinitis, itch, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. In addition to the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI), MCs express numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are the largest group of membrane receptor proteins and the most common targets of drug therapy. Antimicrobial host defense peptides, neuropeptides, major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and many US Food and Drug Administration-approved peptidergic drugs activate human MCs through a novel GPCR known as Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2; formerly known as MrgX2). Unique features of MRGPRX2 that distinguish it from other GPCRs include their presence both on the plasma membrane and intracellular sites and their selective expression in MCs. In this article we review the possible roles of MRGPRX2 on host defense, drug-induced anaphylactoid reactions, neurogenic inflammation, pain, itch, and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as urticaria and asthma. We propose that host defense peptides that kill microbes directly and activate MCs through MRGPRX2 could serve as novel GPCR targets to modulate host defense against microbial infection. Furthermore, mAbs or small-molecule inhibitors of MRGPRX2 could be developed for the treatment of MC-dependent allergic and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan Subramanian
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Kshitij Gupta
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa.
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17
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Kazama I, Saito K, Baba A, Mori T, Abe N, Endo Y, Toyama H, Ejima Y, Matsubara M, Yamauchi M. Clarithromycin Dose-Dependently Stabilizes Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells. Chemotherapy 2016; 61:295-303. [PMID: 27088971 DOI: 10.1159/000445023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrolides, such as clarithromycin, have antiallergic properties. Since exocytosis in mast cells is detected electrophysiologically via changes in membrane capacitance (Cm), the absence of such changes due to the drug indicates its mast cell-stabilizing effect. METHODS Employing the whole-cell patch clamp technique in rat peritoneal mast cells, we examined the effects of clarithromycin on Cm during exocytosis. Using a water-soluble fluorescent dye, we also examined its effect on deformation of the plasma membrane. RESULTS Clarithromycin (10 and 100 μM) significantly inhibited degranulation from mast cells and almost totally suppressed the GTP-x03B3;-S-induced increase in Cm. It washed out the trapping of the dye on the surface of mast cells. CONCLUSIONS This study provides for the first time electrophysiological evidence that clarithromycin dose-dependently inhibits the process of exocytosis. The mast cell-stabilizing action of clarithromycin may be attributable to its counteractive effect on plasma membrane deformation induced by exocytosis.
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18
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Yu Y, Huang Z, Mao Z, Zhang Y, Jin M, Chen W, Zhang W, Yu B, Zhang W, Alaster Lau HY. Go is required for the release of IL-8 and TNF-α, but not degranulation in human mast cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 780:115-21. [PMID: 27025291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells activated by IgE-dependent and -independent mechanisms play important roles in innate and acquired immune responses. Activation of pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive Gi/o proteins is the key step in mast cell degranulation and release of de novo synthesized inflammatory mediators through IgE-independent mechanism. However, the roles of Gi and Go proteins in mast cells activation have not yet been differentiated. In the current study, the functional roles of Go proteins in the activities of LAD2 cells, a human mast cell line, are identified. Knockdown of Gαo expression significantly inhibited the synthesis of IL-8 and TNF-α from substance P activated LAD2 cells but demonstrated no effect on degranulation. This effect was associated with the activation of Erk and JNK/MAPKs signaling, whereas PI3K-Akt, calcium mobilization and NFAT translocation remained unchanged. These results suggest that Gi and Go proteins differentially regulate human mast cells activities through activating distinct signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yu
- School of medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, China
| | - Zhenhe Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhuo Mao
- School of medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, China
| | - Yarui Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- School of medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- School of medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- School of medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, China.
| | - Hang Yung Alaster Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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19
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Zierler S, Sumoza-Toledo A, Suzuki S, Dúill FÓ, Ryazanova LV, Penner R, Ryazanov AG, Fleig A. TRPM7 kinase activity regulates murine mast cell degranulation. J Physiol 2016; 594:2957-70. [PMID: 26660477 DOI: 10.1113/jp271564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) conducting transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channel-enzyme (chanzyme) has been implicated in immune cell function. Mice heterozygous for a TRPM7 kinase deletion are hyperallergic, while mice with a single point mutation at amino acid 1648, silencing kinase activity, are not. As mast cell mediators trigger allergic reactions, we here determine the function of TRPM7 in mast cell degranulation and histamine release. Our data establish that TRPM7 kinase activity regulates mast cell degranulation and release of histamine independently of TRPM7 channel function. Our findings suggest a regulatory role of TRPM7 kinase activity on intracellular Ca(2+) and extracellular Mg(2+) sensitivity of mast cell degranulation. ABSTRACT Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a divalent ion channel with a C-terminally located α-kinase. Mice heterozygous for a TRPM7 kinase deletion (TRPM7(+/∆K) ) are hypomagnesaemic and hyperallergic. In contrast, mice carrying a single point mutation at amino acid 1648, which silences TRPM7 kinase activity (TRPM7(KR) ), are not hyperallergic and are resistant to systemic magnesium (Mg(2+) ) deprivation. Since allergic reactions are triggered by mast cell-mediated histamine release, we investigated the function of TRPM7 on mast cell degranulation and histamine release using wild-type (TRPM7(+/+) ), TRPM7(+/∆K) and TRPM7(KR) mice. We found that degranulation and histamine release proceeded independently of TRPM7 channel function. Furthermore, extracellular Mg(2+) assured unperturbed IgE-DNP-dependent exocytosis, independently of TRPM7. However, impairment of TRPM7 kinase function suppressed IgE-DNP-dependent exocytosis, slowed the cellular degranulation rate, and diminished the sensitivity to intracellular calcium (Ca(2+) ) in G protein-induced exocytosis. In addition, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) stimulation revealed strong suppression of histamine release, whereas removal of extracellular Mg(2+) caused the phenotype to revert. We conclude that the TRPM7 kinase activity regulates murine mast cell degranulation by changing its sensitivity to intracellular Ca(2+) and affecting granular mobility and/or histamine contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Zierler
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center and University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine and Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.,Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Adriana Sumoza-Toledo
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center and University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine and Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.,Instituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Colonia Centro CP 91700, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Sayuri Suzuki
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center and University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine and Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Fionán Ó Dúill
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Lillia V Ryazanova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Reinhold Penner
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center and University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine and Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Alexey G Ryazanov
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Andrea Fleig
- Center for Biomedical Research, The Queen's Medical Center and University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine and Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
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20
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Christensen J, Alfredson H, Andersson G. Protease-activated receptors in the Achilles tendon-a potential explanation for the excessive pain signalling in tendinopathy. Mol Pain 2015; 11:13. [PMID: 25880199 PMCID: PMC4369088 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Tendinopathies are pathological conditions of tissue remodelling occurring in the major tendons of the body, accompanied by excessive nociceptive signalling. Tendinopathies have been shown to exhibit an increase in the number of mast cells, which are capable of releasing histamine, tryptase and other substances upon activation, which may play a role in the development of tendinopathies. This study set out to describe the distribution patterns of a family of receptors called protease-activated receptors (PARs) within the Achilles tendon. These four receptors (PAR1, PAR2, PAR3, PAR4) are activated by proteases, including tryptase released from mast cells, and are involved in fibrosis, hyperalgesia and neovascularisation, which are changes seen in tendinopathies. Method In order to study which structures involved in tendinopathy that these proteases can affect, biopsies from patients suffering of mid-portion Achilles tendinosis and healthy controls were collected and examined using immunohistochemistry. Tendon cells were cultured to study in vitro expression patterns. Results The findings showed a distribution of PARs inside the tendon tissue proper, and in the paratendinous tissue, with all four being expressed on nerves and vascular structures. Double staining showed co-localisation of PARs with nociceptive fibres expressing substance P. Concerning tenocytes, PAR2, PAR3, and PAR4, were found in both biopsies of tendon tissue and cultured tendon cells. Conclusions This study describes the expression patterns of PARs in the mid-portion of the Achilles tendon, which can help explain the tissue changes and increased pain signalling seen in tendinopathies. These findings also show that in-vitro studies of the effects of these receptors are plausible and that PARs are a possible therapeutic target in the future treatment strategies of tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Christensen
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden.
| | - Håkan Alfredson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden. .,ISEH, UCLH, London, UK. .,Pure Sports Clinic, London, UK.
| | - Gustav Andersson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden. .,Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Section for Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden.
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21
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Xu X, Lai R. The chemistry and biological activities of peptides from amphibian skin secretions. Chem Rev 2015; 115:1760-846. [PMID: 25594509 DOI: 10.1021/cr4006704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology , Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
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22
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Satheeshkumar PS, Mohan MP. Tachykinin peptide, substance P, and its receptor NK-1R play an important role in alimentary tract mucosal inflammation during cytotoxic therapy. Dig Dis Sci 2014; 59:2864-73. [PMID: 24981415 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The alimentary tract mucosal inflammation has been a topic of concern in oncology; though many modalities of treatment have been proposed for mucosal inflammation, the contributing adverse effects have severely affected the quality of life of patients. This review focuses on the importance of neurogenic peptide, Substance P and its receptor NK-1R in modulating the cascades of events in mucosal inflammation during cytotoxic therapy. There are various preclinical and clinical models showing increased expression of Substance P/NK-1R in ionizing radiation and chemotherapy, but only very few preclinical studies to our knowledge have highlighted or examined its role in mucosal inflammation. Hence, the importance of neuropeptide involved in the inflammatory events in mucosal inflammation in cytotoxic therapy could be a major breakthrough for future research purposes and treatment. The factors contributing to the severity of tissue reactions have been multietiogenic; thus, resultant treatment also has to be directed toward multiple contributing factors. This review also focuses on the significance of care strategy to be adopted in alimentary tract mucositis when multietiogenic factors are taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Satheeshkumar
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Velindre Hospital, Cardiff University, Wales, CF 14 2TL, UK,
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23
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Dehlin HM, Levick SP. Substance P in heart failure: the good and the bad. Int J Cardiol 2013; 170:270-7. [PMID: 24286592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The tachykinin, substance P, is found primarily in sensory nerves. In the heart, substance P-containing nerve fibers are often found surrounding coronary vessels, making them ideally situated to sense changes in the myocardial environment. Recent studies in rodents have identified substance P as having dual roles in the heart, depending on disease etiology and/or timing. Thus far, these studies indicate that substance P may be protective acutely following ischemia-reperfusion, but damaging long-term in non-ischemic induced remodeling and heart failure. Sensory nerves may be at the apex of the cascade of events leading to heart failure, therefore, they make a promising potential therapeutic target that warrants increased investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Dehlin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Scott P Levick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
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van Bree SHW, Gomez-Pinilla PJ, van de Bovenkamp FS, Di Giovangiulio M, Farro G, Nemethova A, Cailotto C, de Jonge WJ, Lee K, Ramirez-Molina C, Lugo D, Skynner MJ, Boeckxstaens GEE, Matteoli G. Inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase as treatment of postoperative ileus. Gut 2013; 62:1581-90. [PMID: 23242119 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal inflammation resulting from manipulation-induced mast cell activation is a crucial mechanism in the pathophysiology of postoperative ileus (POI). Recently it has been shown that spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is involved in mast cell degranulation. Therefore, we have evaluated the effect of the Syk-inhibitor GSK compound 143 (GSK143) as potential treatment to shorten POI. DESIGN In vivo: in a mouse model of POI, the effect of the Syk inhibitor (GSK143) was evaluated on gastrointestinal transit, muscular inflammation and cytokine production. In vitro: the effect of GSK143 and doxantrazole were evaluated on cultured peritoneal mast cells (PMCs) and bone marrow derived macrophages. RESULTS In vivo: intestinal manipulation resulted in a delay in gastrointestinal transit at t=24 h (Geometric Center (GC): 4.4 ± 0.3). Doxantrazole and GSK143 significantly increased gastrointestinal transit (GC doxantrazole (10 mg/kg): 7.2 ± 0.7; GSK143 (1 mg/kg): 7.6 ± 0.6), reduced inflammation and prevented recruitment of immune cells in the intestinal muscularis. In vitro: in PMCs, substance P (0-90 μM) and trinitrophenyl (0-4 μg/ml) induced a concentration-dependent release of β-hexosaminidase. Pretreatment with doxantrazole and GSK143 (0.03-10 μM) concentration dependently blocked substance P and trinitrophenyl induced β-hexosaminidase release. In addition, GSK143 was able to reduce cytokine expression in endotoxin-treated bone marrow derived macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The Syk inhibitor GSK143 reduces macrophage activation and mast cell degranulation in vitro. In addition, it inhibits manipulation-induced intestinal muscular inflammation and restores intestinal transit in mice. These findings suggest that Syk inhibition may be a new tool to shorten POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd H W van Bree
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute of Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Balletta A, Lorenz D, Rummel A, Gerhard R, Bigalke H, Wegner F. Human mast cell line-1 (HMC-1) cells exhibit a membrane capacitance increase when dialysed with high free-Ca(2+) and GTPγS containing intracellular solution. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 720:227-36. [PMID: 24406507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An increase in cytosolic free calcium concentration [Ca(2+)]i initiates the exocytotic activity in various types of secretory cells. The guanosine 5'-O-[3-thio]triphosphate (GTPγS), a non-hydrolysable analogue of GTP (guanosine 5'-triphosphate), is an effective secretagogue for different cell types of different species, like mast cells, neutrophils or eosinophils. Consequently, the internal administration of GTPγS causes degranulation of mouse and rat mast cells. Regarding rat mast cells, it is proved that Ca(2+) can cooperate with GTP or GTPγS in accelerating and increasing amplitude of the secretory response. All the previous studies with respect to capacitance recordings and mast cells were performed using mouse or rat mast cells, usually derived from peritoneum or the rat basophilic leukaemia cell line RBL. In this study, we applied the capacitance measurement technique to the human mast cell line-1 (HMC-1) cells, an immature cell line established from a patient with mast cell leukaemia. Patch-clamp dialysis experiments revealed that high intracellular free Ca(2+) and GTPγS concentrations are both required for considerable capacitance increases in HMC-1 cells. During degranulation of HMC-1 cells, the total membrane capacitance (Cm) increase appeared continuously and, in some cases, as a discrete capacitance change, developing in a stepwise manner. Then, we tested the effect of latrunculin B upon HMC-1 cell capacitance increase as well as of some classic mast cell stimulators like PMA, A23187 and IL-1β in hexosaminidase release. Finally, we could conclude that the HMC-1 cell line represents a suitable model for the study of human mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balletta
- Department of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Dorothea Lorenz
- Department of Cellular Imaging and Electron Microscopy, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Robert Rössle Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Rummel
- Department of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ralf Gerhard
- Department of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Hans Bigalke
- Department of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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26
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Augustyniak D, Nowak J, Lundy FT. Direct and indirect antimicrobial activities of neuropeptides and their therapeutic potential. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2013; 13:723-38. [PMID: 23305360 PMCID: PMC3601409 DOI: 10.2174/138920312804871139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As global resistance to conventional antibiotics rises we need to develop new strategies to develop future novel therapeutics. In our quest to design novel anti-infectives and antimicrobials it is of interest to investigate host-pathogen interactions and learn from the complexity of host defense strategies that have evolved over millennia. A myriad of host defense molecules are now known to play a role in protection against human infection. However, the interaction between host and pathogen is recognized to be a multifaceted one, involving countless host proteins, including several families of peptides. The regulation of infection and inflammation by multiple peptide families may represent an evolutionary failsafe in terms of functional degeneracy and emphasizes the significance of host defense in survival. One such family is the neuropeptides (NPs), which are conventionally defined as peptide neurotransmitters but have recently been shown to be pleiotropic molecules that are integral components of the nervous and immune systems. In this review we address the antimicrobial and anti-infective effects of NPs both in vitro and in vivo and discuss their potential therapeutic usefulness in overcoming infectious diseases. With improved understanding of the efficacy of NPs, these molecules could become an important part of our arsenal of weapons in the treatment of infection and inflammation. It is envisaged that targeted therapy approaches that selectively exploit the anti-infective, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of NPs could become useful adjuncts to our current therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Augustyniak
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Chai OH, Shon DH, Han EH, Kim HT, Song CH. Effects of Anemarrhena asphodeloides on IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis and mast cell activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:419-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Rossa J, Lorenz D, Ringling M, Veshnyakova A, Piontek J. Overexpression of claudin-5 but not claudin-3 induces formation of trans-interaction-dependent multilamellar bodies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1257:59-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Thathiah P, Sanapala S, Rodriguez AR, Yu JJ, Murthy AK, Guentzel MN, Forsthuber TG, Chambers JP, Arulanandam BP. Non-FcεR bearing mast cells secrete sufficient interleukin-4 to control Francisella tularensis replication within macrophages. Cytokine 2011; 55:211-20. [PMID: 21565523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells have classically been implicated in the triggering of allergic and anaphylactic reactions. However, recent findings have elucidated the ability of these cells to selectively release a variety of cytokines leading to bacterial clearance through neutrophil and dendritic cell mobilization, and suggest an important role in innate host defenses. Our laboratory has established a primary bone marrow derived mast cell-macrophage co-culture system and found that mast cells mediated a significant inhibition of Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) uptake and replication within macrophages through contact and the secreted product interleukin-4 (IL-4). In this study, we utilized P815 mast cells and J774 macrophages to further investigate whether mast cell activation by non-FcεR driven signals could produce IL-4 and control intramacrophage LVS replication. P815 supernatants collected upon activation by the mast cell activating peptide MP7, as well as P815 cells co-cultured with J774 macrophages, exhibited marked inhibition of bacterial uptake and replication, which correlated with the production of IL-4. The inhibition noted in vitro was titratable and preserved at ratios relevant to cellular infiltration events following pulmonary challenge. Collectively, our data suggest that both primary mast cell and P815 mast cell (lacking FcεR) secreted IL-4 can control intramacrophage Francisella replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prea Thathiah
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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30
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van Diest SA, Stanisor OI, Boeckxstaens GE, de Jonge WJ, van den Wijngaard RM. Relevance of mast cell-nerve interactions in intestinal nociception. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:74-84. [PMID: 21496484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cross-talk between the immune- and nervous-system is considered an important biological process in health and disease. Because mast cells are often strategically placed between nerves and surrounding (immune)-cells they may function as important intermediate cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge on bidirectional interaction between mast cells and nerves and its possible relevance in (inflammation-induced) increased nociception. Our main focus is on mast cell mediators involved in sensitization of TRP channels, thereby contributing to nociception, as well as neuron-released neuropeptides and their effects on mast cell activation. Furthermore we discuss mechanisms involved in physical mast cell-nerve interactions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mast cells in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A van Diest
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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31
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Rychter JW, Van Nassauw L, Timmermans JP, Akkermans LMA, Westerink RHS, Kroese ABA. CGRP1 receptor activation induces piecemeal release of protease-1 from mouse bone marrow-derived mucosal mast cells. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23:e57-68. [PMID: 20964790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The parasitized or inflamed gastrointestinal mucosa shows an increase in the number of mucosal mast cells (MMC) and the density of extrinsic primary afferent nerve fibers containing the neuropeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Currently, the mode of action of CGRP on MMC is unknown. METHODS The effects of CGRP on mouse bone marrow-derived mucosal mast cells (BMMC) were investigated by measurements of intracellular Ca(2+)[Ca(2+)](i) and release of mMCP-1. KEY RESULTS Bone marrow-derived mucosal mast cells responded to the application of CGRP with a single transient rise in [Ca(2+)](i). The proportion of responding cells increased concentration-dependently to a maximum of 19 ± 4% at 10(-5)mol L(-1) (mean ±SEM; C48/80 100%; EC(50)10(-8) mol L(-1) ). Preincubation with the CGRP receptor antagonist BIBN4096BS (10(-5) mol L(-1)) completely inhibited BMMC activation by CGRP [range 10(-5) to 10(-11) mol L(-1); analysis of variance (ANOVA) P < 0.001], while preincubation with LaCl(3) to block Ca(2+) entry did not affect the response (P = 0.18). The presence of the CGRP1 receptor on BMMC was confirmed by simultaneous immunofluorescent detection of RAMP1 or CRLR, the two components of the CGRP1 receptor, and mMCP-1. Application of CGRP for 1 h evoked a concentration-dependent release of mMCP-1 (at EC(50) 10% of content) but not of β-hexosaminidase and alterations in granular density indicative of piecemeal release. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES We demonstrate that BMMC express functional CGRP1 receptors and that their activation causes mobilization of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores and piecemeal release of mMCP-1. These findings support the hypothesis that the CGRP signaling from afferent nerves to MMC in the gastrointestinal wall is receptor-mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Rychter
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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32
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Vukojević V, Gräslund A, Bakalkin G. Fluorescence imaging with single-molecule sensitivity and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of cell-penetrating neuropeptides. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 789:147-170. [PMID: 21922406 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-310-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide-plasma membrane interactions in the absence of a corresponding specific receptor may result in neuropeptide translocation into the cell. Translocation across the plasma membrane may represent a previously unknown mechanism by which neuropeptides can signal information to the cell interior. We introduce here two complementary optical methods with single-molecule sensitivity, fluorescence imaging with avalanche photodiode detectors (APD imaging) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), and demonstrate how they may be applied for the analysis of neuropeptide ability to penetrate into live cells in real time. APD imaging enables us to visualize fluorescently labeled neuropeptide molecules at very low, physiologically relevant concentrations, whereas FCS enables us to characterize quantitatively their concentration and diffusion properties in different cellular compartments. Application of these methodologies for the analysis of the endogenous opioid peptide dynorphin A (Dyn A), a ligand for the kappa-opioid receptor (KOP), demonstrated that this neuropeptide may translocate across the plasma membrane of living cells and enter the cellular interior without binding to its cognate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladana Vukojević
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hu H, Zhang R, Fang X, Yu M, Yu S, Zhang J, Wang H. Effects of endogenous substance P expression on degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells. Inflamm Res 2010; 60:541-6. [PMID: 21190122 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN To determine whether RBL-2H3 cells have endogenous substance P (SP) expression under immunoglobulin E (IgE)-activated and inactivated conditions, and to ascertain the function of endogenous SP in the antigen-induced degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS SP mRNA and protein expression in both inactivated and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)-specific IgE-activated RBL-2H3 cells were assessed by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence, respectively. Following activation with DNP-specific IgE, the degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells in response to DNP-bovine serum albumin (BSA), with and without endogenous SP expression, was assessed by monitoring the release of the granular enzyme β-hexosaminidase. RESULTS Endogenous SP mRNA and peptide expression increased in activated RBL-2H3 cells, compared with inactivated RBL-2H3 cells. The small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of endogenous SP reduced the degranulation ability of RBL-2H3 cells. CONCLUSIONS Activated RBL-2H3 cells express endogenous SP which plays a role in antigen-induced degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Hu
- Department of ENT, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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Morrey C, Brazin J, Seyedi N, Corti F, Silver RB, Levi R. Interaction between sensory C-fibers and cardiac mast cells in ischemia/reperfusion: activation of a local renin-angiotensin system culminating in severe arrhythmic dysfunction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 335:76-84. [PMID: 20668055 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.172262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renin, the rate-limiting enzyme in the activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is synthesized and stored in cardiac mast cells. In ischemia/reperfusion, cardiac sensory nerves release neuropeptides such as substance P that, by degranulating mast cells, might promote renin release, thus activating a local RAS and ultimately inducing cardiac dysfunction. We tested this hypothesis in whole hearts ex vivo, in cardiac nerve terminals in vitro, and in cultured mast cells. We found that substance P-containing nerves are juxtaposed to renin-containing cardiac mast cells. Chemical stimulation of these nerves elicited substance P release that was accompanied by renin release, with the latter being preventable by mast cell stabilization or blockade of substance P receptors. Substance P caused degranulation of mast cells in culture and elicited renin release, and both of these were prevented by substance P receptor blockade. Ischemia/reperfusion in ex vivo hearts caused the release of substance P, which was associated with an increase in renin and norepinephrine overflow and with sustained reperfusion arrhythmias; substance P receptor blockade prevented these changes. Substance P, norepinephrine, and renin were also released by acetaldehyde, a known product of ischemia/reperfusion, from cardiac synaptosomes and cultured mast cells, respectively. Collectively, our findings indicate that an important link exists in the heart between sensory nerves and renin-containing mast cells; substance P released from sensory nerves plays a significant role in the release of mast cell renin in ischemia/reperfusion and in the activation of a local cardiac RAS. This culminates in angiotensin production, norepinephrine release, and arrhythmic cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Morrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065-4896, USA
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Turner Y, Wallukat G, Säälik P, Wiesner B, Pritz S, Oehlke J. Cellular uptake and biological activity of peptide nucleic acids conjugated with peptides with and without cell-penetrating ability. J Pept Sci 2010; 16:71-80. [PMID: 19943337 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A 12-mer peptide nucleic acid (PNA) directed against the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor mRNA was disulfide bridged with various peptides without and with cell-penetrating features. The cellular uptake and the antisense activity of these conjugates were assessed in parallel. Quantitation of the internalized PNA was performed by using an approach based on capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). This approach enabled a selective assessment of the PNA moiety liberated from the conjugate in the reducing intracellular environment, thus avoiding bias of the results by surface adsorption. The biological activity of the conjugates was studied by an assay based on the downregulation of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CM). Comparable cellular uptake was found for all conjugates and for the naked PNA, irrespective of the cell-penetrating properties of the peptide components. All conjugates exhibited a comparable biological activity in the 100 nM range. The naked PNA also exhibited extensive antisense activity, which, however, proved about five times lower than that of the conjugates. The found results suggest cellular uptake and the bioactivity of PNA-peptide conjugates to be not primarily related to the cell-penetrating ability of their peptide components. Likewise from these results it can be inferred that the superior bioactivity of the PNA-peptide conjugates in comparison with that of naked PNA rely on as yet unknown factors rather than on higher membrane permeability. Several hints point to the resistance against cellular export and the aggregation propensity combined with the endocytosis rate to be candidates for such factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Turner
- Leibniz-Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Robert-Rössle-Str.10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
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Pundir P, Kulka M. The role of G protein‐coupled receptors in mast cell activation by antimicrobial peptides: is there a connection? Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 88:632-40. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Pundir
- National Research Council‐Institute for Nutrisciences and Health Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of PEI Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada
| | - Marianna Kulka
- National Research Council‐Institute for Nutrisciences and Health Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of PEI Charlottetown Prince Edward Island Canada
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Pasupuleti M, Schmidtchen A, Chalupka A, Ringstad L, Malmsten M. End-tagging of ultra-short antimicrobial peptides by W/F stretches to facilitate bacterial killing. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5285. [PMID: 19381271 PMCID: PMC2667214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to increasing resistance development among bacteria, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are receiving increased attention. Ideally, AMP should display high bactericidal potency, but low toxicity against (human) eukaryotic cells. Additionally, short and proteolytically stable AMPs are desired to maximize bioavailability and therapeutic versatility. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A facile approach is demonstrated for reaching high potency of ultra-short antimicrobal peptides through end-tagging with W and F stretches. Focusing on a peptide derived from kininogen, KNKGKKNGKH (KNK10) and truncations thereof, end-tagging resulted in enhanced bactericidal effect against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Through end-tagging, potency and salt resistance could be maintained down to 4-7 amino acids in the hydrophilic template peptide. Although tagging resulted in increased eukaryotic cell permeabilization at low ionic strength, the latter was insignificant at physiological ionic strength and in the presence of serum. Quantitatively, the most potent peptides investigated displayed bactericidal effects comparable to, or in excess of, that of the benchmark antimicrobial peptide LL-37. The higher bactericidal potency of the tagged peptides correlated to a higher degree of binding to bacteria, and resulting bacterial wall rupture. Analogously, tagging enhanced peptide-induced rupture of liposomes, particularly anionic ones. Additionally, end-tagging facilitated binding to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, both effects probably contributing to the selectivity displayed by these peptides between bacteria and eukaryotic cells. Importantly, W-tagging resulted in peptides with maintained stability against proteolytic degradation by human leukocyte elastase, as well as staphylococcal aureolysin and V8 proteinase. The biological relevance of these findings was demonstrated ex vivo for pig skin infected by S. aureus and E. coli. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE End-tagging by hydrophobic amino acid stretches may be employed to enhance bactericidal potency also of ultra-short AMPs at maintained limited toxicity. The approach is of general applicability, and facilitates straightforward synthesis of hydrophobically modified AMPs without the need for post-peptide synthesis modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Artur Schmidtchen
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Chalupka
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Malmsten
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Mukai H, Kikuchi M, Fukuhara S, Kiso Y, Munekata E. Cryptide signaling: Amphiphilic peptide-induced exocytotic mechanisms in mast cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 375:22-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu W, Deyoung BR, Chen X, Evanoff DP, Luo Y. RDP58 inhibits T cell-mediated bladder inflammation in an autoimmune cystitis model. J Autoimmun 2008; 30:257-65. [PMID: 18162370 PMCID: PMC2441447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 10/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the urinary bladder with a strong autoimmune component. Currently, the major challenge in IC treatment is the development of effective therapies. RDP58 is a novel d-amino acid decapeptide with potent immunosuppressive activity. In this study, we investigated whether RDP58 was effective as an intravesical agent for treating bladder autoimmune inflammation in a transgenic mouse model (URO-OVA mice). URO-OVA mice were adoptively transferred with syngeneic activated splenocytes of OT-I mice transgenic for the OVA-specific CD8(+) TCR for cystitis induction and treated intravesically with RDP58 at days 0 and 3. Compared with controls, the RDP58-treated bladders showed markedly reduced histopathology and expressions of mRNAs and proteins of TNF-alpha, NGF and substance P. To determine whether the inhibition of bladder inflammation by RDP58 was due to the interference with effector T cells, we treated the cells with RDP58 in vitro. Cells treated with RDP58 showed reduced production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma as well as apoptotic death. Collectively, these results indicate that RDP58 is effective for treating T cell-mediated experimental autoimmune cystitis and may serve as a useful intravesical agent for the treatment of autoimmune-associated bladder inflammation such as IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujiang Liu
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, 3202 MERF, 375 Newton Road, IA 52242-1087, USA
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Abstract
Thromboxane A2 and ADP act as important feedback activators of platelet function. The secretion of neuropeptides reveals a novel feedback loop that is not targeted specifically by aspirin and clopidogrel.
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Kulka M, Sheen CH, Tancowny BP, Grammer LC, Schleimer RP. Neuropeptides activate human mast cell degranulation and chemokine production. Immunology 2007; 123:398-410. [PMID: 17922833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During neuronal-induced inflammation, mast cells may respond to stimuli such as neuropeptides in an FcepsilonRI-independent manner. In this study, we characterized human mast cell responses to substance P (SP), nerve growth factor (NGF), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and compared these responses to human mast cell responses to immunoglobulin E (IgE)/anti-IgE and compound 48/80. Primary cultured mast cells, generated from CD34(+) progenitors in the presence of stem cell factor and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and human cultured mast cells (LAD2) were stimulated with these and other stimuli (gastrin, concanavalin A, radiocontrast media, and mannitol) and their degranulation and chemokine production was assessed. VIP and SP stimulated primary human mast cells and LAD cells to degranulate; gastrin, concanavalin A, radiocontrast media, mannitol, CGRP and NGF did not activate degranulation. While anti-IgE stimulation did not induce significant production of chemokines, stimulation with VIP, SP or compound 48/80 potently induced production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, inducible protein-10, monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MIG), RANTES (regulated on activation, normal, T-cell expressed, and secreted) and IL-8. VIP, SP and compound 48/80 also activated release of tumour necrosis factor, IL-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, but not IL-4, interferon-gamma or eotaxin. Human mast cells expressed surface neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R), NK2R, NK3R and VIP receptor type 2 (VPAC2) but not VPAC1 and activation of human mast cells by IgE/anti-IgE up-regulated expression of VPAC2, NK2R, and NK3R. These studies demonstrate the pattern of receptor expression and activation of mast cell by a host of G-protein coupled receptor ligands and suggest that SP and VIP activate a unique signalling pathway in human mast cells. These results are likely to have direct relevance to neuronally induced inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Kulka
- National Research Council Canada, Room 432, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
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Katayama M, Aoki E, Suzuki H, Kawana S. Foot shock stress prolongs the telogen stage of the spontaneous hair cycle in a non-depilated mouse model. Exp Dermatol 2007; 16:553-60. [PMID: 17576234 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing evidence to indicate that stress can influence skin disease and cutaneous functions. Previous studies have shown that stress alters the murine hair cycle; however, these studies have been carried out by using mouse models in which the hair cycle is forcibly synchronized after depilation. OBJECTIVE To examine whether foot shock stress (FS) changes the spontaneous hair cycle in a non-depilated animal model, and to evaluate the role of mast cells and substance P (SP) in the influence of stress on the hair cycle. METHODS Changes in the spontaneous hair cycle and the inhibitory effects of a specific SP NK1 receptor antagonist were examined in non-depilated mice during 3-4 weeks of FS. RESULTS Foot shock stress prolonged the telogen stage of the hair cycle and delayed the induction of the subsequent anagen stage in the animal model. FS caused an increase in the ratio of de-granulated mast cells in the skin, an increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells, and a decrease in the number of Ki67-positive cells. The NK1 receptor antagonist, WIN 62577, inhibited these stress responses. CONCLUSION Our results strongly support previous work, demonstrating that stress alters active hair-cycling in vivo through the action of SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirei Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Wyczółkowska J, Walczak-Drzewiecka A, Wagner W, Dastych J. Thymosin beta4 and thymosin beta4-derived peptides induce mast cell exocytosis. Peptides 2007; 28:752-9. [PMID: 17289217 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The peptide thymosin beta4 (Tbeta4) promotes angiogenesis and wound healing. Mast cells are involved in these processes as well and therefore we investigated the effect of Tbeta4 on mast cells. Exposure to 0.2-2000nM Tbeta4 induced mediator release (up to 23%) in murine peritoneal and human HMC-1 mast cells in a concentration-dependent manner. While the peptide AcSDKP, matching the 4 N-terminal amino acid residues of Tbeta4, mediated low but detectable mediator release, peptides corresponding to the Tbeta4 amino acid sequences 16-38 and 17-23 stimulated mast cells mediator release on a level equal to or higher than that observed with native Tbeta4. These observations and certain characteristics of Tbeta4-mediated mast cell activation suggest that the actin-binding motif LKKTET present in Tbeta4 (amino acid 17-22) might be implicated in this process. Thus, Tbeta4 activates mediator release in mast cells by a process that possibly involves an actin-binding motif and this could be important for understanding the mechanisms of Tbeta4-mediated effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Wyczółkowska
- Centre for Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa St., 93-232 Łódź, Poland
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Abstract
In this article, we review the key basic mechanisms associated with this phenomena and more recently identified mechanisms that are current areas of interest. Although many of these pain mechanisms apply throughout the body, we attempt to describe these mechanisms in the context of trigeminal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Henry
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School of Dentistry, Mail Code 7892, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune effector cells. They respond to diverse stimuli by releasing potent biological mediators into the surrounding tissue, and initiating inflammatory responses that promote wound healing and infection clearance. In addition to stimulation via immunological routes, mast cells also respond to polybasic secretagogues and physical stimuli. Each mechanism for mast cell activation relies on the influx of calcium through specific ion channels in the plasma membrane. Recent reports suggest that several calcium-permeant cation channels of the TRPV family are expressed in mast cells. TRPV channels are a family of sensors that receive and react to chemical messengers and physical environmental cues, including thermal, osmotic, and mechanical stimuli. The central premise of this review is that TRPVs transduce physiological and pathophysiological cues that are functionally coupled to calcium signaling and mediator release in mast cells. Inappropriate mast cell activation is at the core of numerous inflammatory pathologies, rendering the mast cell TRPV channels potentially important therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Turner
- Center for Biomedical Research at Queen's Medical Center, University Tower 811, 1356 Lusitana Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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Tatemoto K, Nozaki Y, Tsuda R, Konno S, Tomura K, Furuno M, Ogasawara H, Edamura K, Takagi H, Iwamura H, Noguchi M, Naito T. Immunoglobulin E-independent activation of mast cell is mediated by Mrg receptors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 349:1322-8. [PMID: 16979137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells play a central role in inflammatory and allergic reactions by releasing inflammatory mediators through two main pathways, immunoglobulin E-dependent and -independent activation. In the latter, mast cells are activated by a diverse range of basic molecules, including peptides and amines such as substance P, neuropeptide Y, and compound 48/80. These secretagogues are thought to activate the G proteins in mast cells through a receptor-independent mechanism. Here, we report that the basic molecules activate G proteins through the Mas-related gene (Mrg) receptors on mast cells, leading to mast cell degranulation. We suggest that one of the Mrg receptors, MrgX2, has an important role in regulating inflammatory responses to non-immunological activation of human mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Tatemoto
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512, Japan.
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Hayashi R, Osada S, Yoshiki M, Sugiyama D, Fujita I, Hamasaki Y, Kodama H. Superoxide production in human neutrophils is enhanced by treatment with transmembrane peptides derived from human formyl peptide receptor. J Biochem 2006; 139:981-8. [PMID: 16788048 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvj117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor (FPR) mediates a number of important host defense functions. Although studies have been performed on the ligand binding site of FPR, FPR dynamic behavior such as receptor dimerization on the cell surface remains unknown. Recently, peptides derived from the transmembrane (TM) domains of GPCRs were shown to disrupt dimer formation by receptors and to result in specific regulation of receptor function. To reveal the function of FPR TM domains, hFPRTM peptides derived from FPR were synthesized, and their biological activities were evaluated with human neutrophils. Synthetic peptides did not exhibit agonistic or antagonistic activity toward superoxide anion production. However, Neutrophils treated with hFPRTM4 produced 4-fold superoxide anion compared with untreated cells when stimulated with FPR agonist fMLP. Short peptide fragments derived from the fourth TM region of FPR did not enhance superoxide anion production, which suggests that hFPRTM4 did not behave as a ligand. CD and fluorescence spectra suggested that hFPRTM peptides were inserted into the membrane. The addition of hFPRTM4 increased the intracellular calcium concentration, which meant the peptide activated some membrane protein on the cell surface. The present study suggests that the fourth TM domain of FPR has a function related to a priming effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga 840-8502
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48
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Okabe T, Hide M, Hiragun T, Morita E, Koro O, Yamamoto S. Bone marrow derived mast cell acquire responsiveness to substance P with Ca(2+) signals and release of leukotriene B(4) via mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 181:1-12. [PMID: 16952405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2006] [Revised: 07/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Substance P (SP) selectively activates mast cells that reside in connective tissues. We studied the reactions of bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) of three mouse strains, cultured with or without fibroblasts. BMMC co-cultured with fibroblasts, but not those cultured alone, increased intracellular Ca(2+), released LTB(4) and histamine in response to SP. PD098059 significantly inhibited the release of LTB(4), but not histamine in all strains. SB203580 failed to reduce or slightly impaired the release of LTB(4). These results suggest that mast cells undergo maturation under the influence of fibroblasts, acquiring the responsiveness to SP with Ca(2+) signals and predominantly ERK-MAP kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Okabe
- Department of Dermatology, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
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Graham C, Richter SC, McClean S, O'Kane E, Flatt PR, Shaw C. Histamine-releasing and antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the dusky gopher frog, Rana sevosa. Peptides 2006; 27:1313-9. [PMID: 16386333 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Revised: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Seven novel peptides were isolated from the skin secretions of the North American dusky gopher frog, Rana sevosa, on the basis of antimicrobial activity and histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. The peptides were purified to homogeneity using HPLC and characterized by electrospray ion-trap mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and Edman sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis of primary structures revealed that the novel peptides could be assigned to four established families of ranid frog antimicrobial peptides, namely esculentin-1, esculentin-2, brevinin-1 and ranatuerin-2. The peptides were named in accordance with accepted terminology as ranatuerin 2SEa, etc., reflecting the peptide family name, the species of origin (SE for sevosa) and the isotype (a). Of major interest was the fact that brevinin 1SE displayed significant structural similarity to ponericin W5, an antibacterial venom peptide from the ant, Pachyconyla goeldii. This is a further example of amphibian skin defensive peptides showing striking structural similarities to peptides from insects. These data may shed some light on the functional biological relevance of defensive peptides that possess both antimicrobial and histamine-releasing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciaren Graham
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, United Kingdom.
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Hudecz F, Bánóczi Z, Csík G. Medium-sized peptides as built in carriers for biologically active compounds. Med Res Rev 2006; 25:679-736. [PMID: 15952174 DOI: 10.1002/med.20034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of oligopeptides of natural and/or synthetic origin have been described and considered as targeting structures for delivery bioactive compounds into various cell types. This review will outline the discovery of peptide sequences and the corresponding mid-sized oligopeptides with membrane translocating properties and also summarize de novo designed structures possessing similar features. Conjugates and chimera constructs derived from these sequences with covalently attached bioactive peptide, epitope, oligonucleotide, PNA, drug, reporter molecule will be reviewed. A brief note will refer to the present understanding on the uptake mechanism at the end of each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Hudecz
- Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 112, POB 32, Hungary H-1518. hudecz@szerves,chem.elte.hu
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