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Khalfaoui L, Pabelick CM. Airway smooth muscle in contractility and remodeling of asthma: potential drug target mechanisms. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:19-29. [PMID: 36744401 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2177533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is characterized by enhanced airway contractility and remodeling where airway smooth muscle (ASM) plays a key role, modulated by inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms by which ASM contributes to these features of asthma is essential for the development of novel asthma therapies. AREAS COVERED Inflammation in asthma contributes to a multitude of changes within ASM including enhanced airway contractility, proliferation, and fibrosis. Altered intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) regulation or Ca2+ sensitization contributes to airway hyperreactivity. Increased airway wall thickness from ASM proliferation and fibrosis contributes to structural changes seen with asthma. EXPERT OPINION ASM plays a significant role in multiple features of asthma. Increased ASM contractility contributes to hyperresponsiveness, while altered ASM proliferation and extracellular matrix production promote airway remodeling both influenced by inflammation of asthma and conversely even influencing the local inflammatory milieu. While standard therapies such as corticosteroids or biologics target inflammation, cytokines, or their receptors to alleviate asthma symptoms, these approaches do not address the underlying contribution of ASM to hyperresponsiveness and particularly remodeling. Therefore, novel therapies for asthma need to target abnormal contractility mechanisms in ASM and/or the contribution of ASM to remodeling, particularly in asthmatics resistant to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Khalfaoui
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christina M Pabelick
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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2
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Role of Airway Smooth Muscle in Inflammation Related to Asthma and COPD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:139-172. [PMID: 33788192 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle contributes to both contractility and inflammation in the pathophysiology of asthma and COPD. Airway smooth muscle cells can change the degree of a variety of functions, including contraction, proliferation, migration, and the secretion of inflammatory mediators (phenotype plasticity). Airflow limitation, airway hyperresponsiveness, β2-adrenergic desensitization, and airway remodeling, which are fundamental characteristic features of these diseases, are caused by phenotype changes in airway smooth muscle cells. Alterations between contractile and hyper-contractile, synthetic/proliferative phenotypes result from Ca2+ dynamics and Ca2+ sensitization. Modulation of Ca2+ dynamics through the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel/L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel linkage and of Ca2+ sensitization through the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway contributes not only to alterations in the contractile phenotype involved in airflow limitation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and β2-adrenergic desensitization but also to alteration of the synthetic/proliferative phenotype involved in airway remodeling. These Ca2+ signal pathways are also associated with synergistic effects due to allosteric modulation between β2-adrenergic agonists and muscarinic antagonists. Therefore, airway smooth muscle may be a target tissue in the therapy for these diseases. Moreover, the phenotype changing in airway smooth muscle cells with focuses on Ca2+ signaling may provide novel strategies for research and development of effective remedies against both bronchoconstriction and inflammation.
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Gebski EB, Anaspure O, Panettieri RA, Koziol-White CJ. Airway smooth muscle and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma - mechanisms of airway smooth muscle dysfunction. Minerva Med 2021; 113:4-16. [PMID: 33496164 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Gebski
- Drexel College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Omkar Anaspure
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cynthia J Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA -
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Kume H, Nishiyama O, Isoya T, Higashimoto Y, Tohda Y, Noda Y. Involvement of Allosteric Effect and K Ca Channels in Crosstalk between β₂-Adrenergic and Muscarinic M₂ Receptors in Airway Smooth Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071999. [PMID: 29987243 PMCID: PMC6073859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To advance the development of bronchodilators for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), this study was designed to investigate the mechanism of functional antagonism between β2-adrenergic and muscarinic M2 receptors, focusing on allosteric effects and G proteins/ion channels coupling. Muscarinic receptor antagonists (tiotropium, glycopyrronium, atropine) synergistically enhanced the relaxant effects of β2-adrenergic receptor agonists (procaterol, salbutamol, formoterol) in guinea pig trachealis. This crosstalk was inhibited by iberitoxin, a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channel inhibitor, whereas it was increased by verapamil, a L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ (VDC) channel inhibitor; additionally, it was enhanced after tissues were incubated with pertussis or cholera toxin. This synergism converges in the G proteins (Gi, Gs)/KCa channel/VDC channel linkages. Muscarinic receptor antagonists competitively suppressed, whereas, β2-adrenergic receptor agonists noncompetitively suppressed muscarinic contraction. In concentration-inhibition curves for β2-adrenergic receptor agonists with muscarinic receptor antagonists, EC50 was markedly decreased, and maximal inhibition was markedly increased. Hence, muscarinic receptor antagonists do not bind to allosteric sites on muscarinic receptors. β2-Adrenergic receptor agonists bind to allosteric sites on these receptors; their intrinsic efficacy is attenuated by allosteric modulation (partial agonism). Muscarinic receptor antagonists enhance affinity and efficacy of β2-adrenergic action via allosteric sites in β2-adrenergic receptors (synergism). In conclusion, KCa channels and allosterism may be novel targets of bronchodilator therapy for diseases such as asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kume
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Osamu Nishiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Isoya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Yuji Higashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Yuji Tohda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Noda
- Division of Clinical Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
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Ojiaku CA, Cao G, Zhu W, Yoo EJ, Shumyatcher M, Himes BE, An SS, Panettieri RA. TGF-β1 Evokes Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Shortening and Hyperresponsiveness via Smad3. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:575-584. [PMID: 28984468 PMCID: PMC5946330 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0247oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a cytokine whose levels are elevated in the airways of patients with asthma, perpetuates airway inflammation and modulates airway structural cell remodeling. However, the role of TGF-β1 in excessive airway narrowing in asthma, or airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), remains unclear. In this study, we set out to investigate the direct effects of TGF-β1 on human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cell shortening and hyperresponsiveness. The dynamics of AHR and single-cell excitation-contraction coupling were measured in human precision-cut lung slices and in isolated HASM cells using supravital microscopy and magnetic twisting cytometry, respectively. In human precision-cut lung slices, overnight treatment with TGF-β1 significantly augmented basal and carbachol-induced bronchoconstriction. In isolated HASM cells, TGF-β1 increased basal and methacholine-induced cytoskeletal stiffness in a dose- and time-dependent manner. TGF-β1-induced single-cell contraction was corroborated by concomitant increases in myosin light chain and myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 phosphorylation levels, which were attenuated by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Smad3 and pharmacological inhibition of Rho kinase. Strikingly, these physiological effects of TGF-β1 occurred through a RhoA-independent mechanism, with little effect on HASM cell [Ca2+]i levels. Together, our data suggest that TGF-β1 enhances HASM excitation-contraction coupling pathways to induce HASM cell shortening and hyperresponsiveness. These findings reveal a potential link between airway injury-repair responses and bronchial hyperreactivity in asthma, and define TGF-β1 signaling as a potential target to reduce AHR in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie A. Ojiaku
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Gaoyuan Cao
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Wanqu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and
| | - Edwin J. Yoo
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, and
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
| | - Maya Shumyatcher
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Blanca E. Himes
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven S. An
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Reynold A. Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; and
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Ojiaku CA, Yoo EJ, Panettieri RA. Transforming Growth Factor β1 Function in Airway Remodeling and Hyperresponsiveness. The Missing Link? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:432-442. [PMID: 27854509 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0307tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of asthma includes a complex interplay among airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling. Current evidence suggests that airway structural cells, including bronchial smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells, mediate all three aspects of asthma pathogenesis. Although studies show a connection between airway remodeling and changes in bronchomotor tone, the relationship between the two remains unclear. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a growth factor elevated in the airway of patients with asthma, plays a role in airway remodeling and in the shortening of various airway structural cells. However, the role of TGF-β1 in mediating airway hyperresponsiveness remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the literature addressing the role of TGF-β1 in airway remodeling and shortening. Through our review, we aim to further elucidate the role of TGF-β1 in asthma pathogenesis and the link between airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma and to define TGF-β1 as a potential therapeutic target for reducing asthma morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie A Ojiaku
- 1 Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and.,2 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Edwin J Yoo
- 1 Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and.,2 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- 2 Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Child Health Institute, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Involvement of Ca 2+ Signaling in the Synergistic Effects between Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists and β₂-Adrenoceptor Agonists in Airway Smooth Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091590. [PMID: 27657061 PMCID: PMC5037855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) and short-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists (SABAs) play important roles in remedy for COPD. To propel a translational research for development of bronchodilator therapy, synergistic effects between SABAs with LAMAs were examined focused on Ca2+ signaling using simultaneous records of isometric tension and F340/F380 in fura-2-loaded tracheal smooth muscle. Glycopyrronium (3 nM), a LAMA, modestly reduced methacholine (1 μM)-induced contraction. When procaterol, salbutamol and SABAs were applied in the presence of glycopyrronium, relaxant effects of these SABAs are markedly enhanced, and percent inhibition of tension was much greater than the sum of those for each agent and those expected from the BI theory. In contrast, percent inhibition of F340/F380 was not greater than those values. Bisindolylmaleimide, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), significantly increased the relaxant effect of LAMA without reducing F340/F380. Iberiotoxin, an inhibitor of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels, significantly suppressed the effects of these combined agents with reducing F340/F380. In conclusion, combination of SABAs with LAMAs synergistically enhances inhibition of muscarinic contraction via decreasing both Ca2+ sensitization mediated by PKC and Ca2+ dynamics mediated by KCa channels. PKC and KCa channels may be molecular targets for cross talk between β2-adrenoceptors and muscarinic receptors.
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Qiao Y, Tam JKC, Tan SSL, Tai YK, Chin CY, Stewart AG, Ashman L, Sekiguchi K, Langenbach SY, Stelmack G, Halayko AJ, Tran T. CD151, a laminin receptor showing increased expression in asthmatic patients, contributes to airway hyperresponsiveness through calcium signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:82-92.e5. [PMID: 27233153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction underpins airway constriction; however, underlying mechanisms for airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) remain incompletely defined. CD151, a 4-transmembrane glycoprotein that associates with laminin-binding integrins, is highly expressed in the human lung. The role of CD151 in ASM function and its relationship to asthma have yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE We sought to ascertain whether CD151 expression is clinically relevant to asthma and whether CD151 expression affects AHR. METHODS Using immunohistochemical analysis, we determined the expression of CD151 in human bronchial biopsy specimens from patients with varying asthma severities and studied the mechanism of action of CD151 in the regulation of ASM contraction and bronchial caliber in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. RESULTS The number of CD151+ ASM cells is significantly greater in patients with moderate asthma compared with those in healthy nonasthmatic subjects. From loss- and gain-of-function studies, we reveal that CD151 is required for and enhances G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-induced peak intracellular calcium release, the primary determinant of excitation-contraction coupling. We show that the localization of CD151 can also be perinuclear/cytoplasmic and offer an explanation for a novel functional role for CD151 in supporting protein kinase C (PKC) translocation to the cell membrane in GPCR-mediated ASM contraction at this site. Importantly, CD151-/- mice are refractory to airway hyperreactivity in response to allergen challenge. CONCLUSIONS We identify a role for CD151 in human ASM contraction. We implicate CD151 as a determinant of AHR in vivo, likely through regulation of GPCR-induced calcium and PKC signaling. These observations have significant implications in understanding the mechanism for AHR and the efficacy of new and emerging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Qiao
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Kit Chung Tam
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheryl S L Tan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Kit Tai
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Yein Chin
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alastair G Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Lung Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leonie Ashman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - Shenna Y Langenbach
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and Lung Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerald Stelmack
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Biology of Breathing Theme, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Thai Tran
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Townsend EA, Zhang Y, Xu C, Wakita R, Emala CW. Active components of ginger potentiate β-agonist-induced relaxation of airway smooth muscle by modulating cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:115-24. [PMID: 23962082 PMCID: PMC3930933 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0133oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Agonists are the first-line therapy to alleviate asthma symptoms by acutely relaxing the airway. Purified components of ginger relax airway smooth muscle (ASM), but the mechanisms are unclear. By elucidating these mechanisms, we can explore the use of phytotherapeutics in combination with traditional asthma therapies. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine if 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, or 6-shogaol potentiate β-agonist-induced ASM relaxation; and (2) define the mechanism(s) of action responsible for this potentiation. Human ASM was contracted in organ baths. Tissues were relaxed dose dependently with β-agonist, isoproterenol, in the presence of vehicle, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, or 6-shogaol (100 μM). Primary human ASM cells were used for cellular experiments. Purified phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4D or phospholipase C β enzyme was used to assess inhibitory activity of ginger components using fluorescent assays. A G-LISA assay was used to determine the effects of ginger constituents on Ras homolog gene family member A activation. Significant potentiation of isoproterenol-induced relaxation was observed with each of the ginger constituents. 6-Shogaol showed the largest shift in isoproterenol half-maximal effective concentration. 6-Gingerol, 8-gingerol, or 6-shogaol significantly inhibited PDE4D, whereas 8-gingerol and 6-shogaol also inhibited phospholipase C β activity. 6-Shogaol alone inhibited Ras homolog gene family member A activation. In human ASM cells, these constituents decreased phosphorylation of 17-kD protein kinase C-potentiated inhibitory protein of type 1 protein phosphatase and 8-gingerol decreased myosin light chain phosphorylation. Isolated components of ginger potentiate β-agonist-induced relaxation in human ASM. This potentiation involves PDE4D inhibition and cytoskeletal regulatory proteins. Together with β-agonists, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, or 6-shogaol may augment existing asthma therapy, resulting in relief of symptoms through complementary intracellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York; and
| | - Carrie Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York; and
| | - Ryo Wakita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York; and
- Section of Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Charles W. Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York; and
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