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Jiang YJ, Xia Y, Hu YX, Han ZJ, Guo AY, Huang T. Identification of P21 (CDKN1A) Activated Kinase 4 as a Susceptibility Gene for Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma. Thyroid 2024; 34:583-597. [PMID: 38411500 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) is a genetically predisposed disease with unclear genetic mechanisms. This makes research on susceptibility genes important for the diagnosis and treatment options. Methods: This study included a five-member family affected by papillary thyroid carcinoma. The candidate genes were identified through whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing in family members, other FNMTC patients, and sporadic non-medullary thyroid carcinoma patients. The pathogenicity of the mutation was predicted using in silico tools. Cell phenotype experiments in vitro and models of lung distant metastasis in vivo were conducted to confirm the characteristics of the mutation. Transcriptome sequencing and mechanistic validation were employed to compare the disparities between PAK4 wild-type (WT) and PAK4 mutant (MUT) cell lines. Results: This mutation alters the protein structure, potentially increasing instability by affecting hydrophobicity, intra-molecular hydrogen bonding, and phosphorylation sites. It specifically promotes phosphorylated PAK4 nuclear translocation and expression in thyroid tissue and cell lines. Compared with the WT cells line, PAK4 I417T demonstrates enhanced proliferation, invasiveness, accelerated cell division, and inhibition of cell apoptosis in vitro. In addition, it exhibits a significant propensity for metastasis in vivo. It activates tumor necrosis factor signaling through increased phosphorylation of PAK4, JNK, NFκB, and c-Jun, unlike the WT that activates it via the PAK4-NFκ-MMP9 axis. In addition, PAK4 MUT protein interacts with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)3 and regulates MMP3 promoter activity, which is not observed in the WT. Conclusions: Our study identified PAK4: c.T1250C: p.I417T as a potential susceptibility gene for FNMTC. The study concludes that the mutant form of PAK4 exhibits oncogenic function, suggesting its potential as a novel diagnostic molecular marker for FNMTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Jiang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; College of Life Science and Technology; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; College of Life Science and Technology; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo-Jun Han
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; College of Life Science and Technology; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - An-Yuan Guo
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; College of Life Science and Technology; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Jiang YJ, Xia Y, Han ZJ, Hu YX, Huang T. Chromosomal localization of mutated genes in non-syndromic familial thyroid cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1286426. [PMID: 38571492 PMCID: PMC10987779 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1286426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) is a type of thyroid cancer characterized by genetic susceptibility, representing approximately 5% of all non-medullary thyroid carcinomas. While some cases of FNMTC are associated with familial multi-organ tumor predisposition syndromes, the majority occur independently. The genetic mechanisms underlying non-syndromic FNMTC remain unclear. Initial studies utilized SNP linkage analysis to identify susceptibility loci, including the 1q21 locus, 2q21 locus, and 4q32 locus, among others. Subsequent research employed more advanced techniques such as Genome-wide Association Study and Whole Exome Sequencing, leading to the discovery of genes such as IMMP2L, GALNTL4, WDR11-AS1, DUOX2, NOP53, MAP2K5, and others. But FNMTC exhibits strong genetic heterogeneity, with each family having its own pathogenic genes. This is the first article to provide a chromosomal landscape map of susceptibility genes associated with non-syndromic FNMTC and analyze their potential associations. It also presents a detailed summary of variant loci, characteristics, research methodologies, and validation results from different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-jia Jiang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuo-jun Han
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-xuan Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Majdalani P, Yoel U, Nasasra T, Fraenkel M, Haim A, Loewenthal N, Zarivach R, Hershkovitz E, Parvari R. Novel Susceptibility Genes Drive Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer in a Large Consanguineous Kindred. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098233. [PMID: 37175943 PMCID: PMC10179265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) is a well-differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) of follicular cell origin in two or more first-degree relatives. Patients typically demonstrate an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern with incomplete penetrance. While known genes and chromosomal loci account for some FNMTC, the molecular basis for most FNMTC remains elusive. To identify the variation(s) causing FNMTC in an extended consanguineous family consisting of 16 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cases, we performed whole exome sequence (WES) analysis of six family patients. We demonstrated an association of ARHGEF28, FBXW10, and SLC47A1 genes with FNMTC. The variations in these genes may affect the structures of their encoded proteins and, thus, their function. The most promising causative gene is ARHGEF28, which has high expression in the thyroid, and its protein-protein interactions (PPIs) suggest predisposition of PTC through ARHGEF28-SQSTM1-TP53 or ARHGEF28-PTCSC2-FOXE1-TP53 associations. Using DNA from a patient's thyroid malignant tissue, we analyzed the possible cooperation of somatic variations with these genes. We revealed two somatic heterozygote variations in XRCC1 and HRAS genes known to implicate thyroid cancer. Thus, the predisposition by the germline variations and a second hit by somatic variations could lead to the progression to PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Majdalani
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Uri Yoel
- Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Tayseer Nasasra
- Internal Medicine A, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Merav Fraenkel
- Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Alon Haim
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Neta Loewenthal
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Raz Zarivach
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Eli Hershkovitz
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84101, Israel
| | - Ruti Parvari
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Tous C, Muñoz-Redondo C, Bravo-Gil N, Gavilan A, Fernández RM, Antiñolo J, Navarro-González E, Antiñolo G, Borrego S. Identification of Novel Candidate Genes for Familial Thyroid Cancer by Whole Exome Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097843. [PMID: 37175550 PMCID: PMC10178269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma (TC) can be classified as medullary (MTC) and non-medullary (NMTC). While most TCs are sporadic, familial forms of MTC and NMTC also exist (less than 1% and 3-9% of all TC cases, respectively). Germline mutations in RET are found in more than 95% of familial MTC, whereas familial NMTC shows a high degree of genetic heterogeneity. Herein, we aimed to identify susceptibility genes for familial NMTC and non-RET MTC by whole exome sequencing in 58 individuals belonging to 18 Spanish families with these carcinomas. After data analysis, 53 rare candidate segregating variants were identified in 12 of the families, 7 of them located in previously TC-associated genes. Although no common mutated genes were detected, biological processes regulating functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and adhesion were enriched. The reported functions of the identified genes together with pathogenicity and structural predictions, reinforced the candidacy of 36 of them, suggesting new loci related to TC and novel genotype-phenotype correlations. Therefore, our strategy provides clues to possible molecular mechanisms underlying familial forms of MTC and NMTC. These new molecular findings and clinical data of patients may be helpful for the early detection, development of tailored therapies and optimizing patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tous
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Redondo
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Nereida Bravo-Gil
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Angela Gavilan
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Raquel María Fernández
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Antiñolo
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-González
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Guillermo Antiñolo
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Salud Borrego
- Department of Maternofetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 41013 Seville, Spain
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5
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Kamani T, Charkhchi P, Zahedi A, Akbari MR. Genetic susceptibility to hereditary non-medullary thyroid cancer. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2022; 20:9. [PMID: 35255942 PMCID: PMC8900298 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-022-00215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. With the increasing incidence of NMTC in recent years, the familial form of the disease has also become more common than previously reported, accounting for 5-15% of NMTC cases. Familial NMTC is further classified as non-syndromic and the less common syndromic FNMTC. Although syndromic NMTC has well-known genetic risk factors, the gene(s) responsible for the vast majority of non-syndromic FNMTC cases are yet to be identified. To date, several candidate genes have been identified as susceptibility genes in hereditary NMTC. This review summarizes genetic predisposition to non-medullary thyroid cancer and expands on the role of genetic variants in thyroid cancer tumorigenesis and the level of penetrance of NMTC-susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kamani
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St. Room 6421, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - Parsa Charkhchi
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St. Room 6421, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - Afshan Zahedi
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St. Room 6421, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, 76 Grenville St. Room 6421, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.
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6
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Nosé V, Gill A, Teijeiro JMC, Perren A, Erickson L. Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Familial Endocrine Tumor Syndromes. Endocr Pathol 2022; 33:197-227. [PMID: 35285003 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-022-09705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review of the familial tumor syndromes involving the endocrine organs is focused on discussing the main updates on the upcoming fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors. This review emphasizes updates on histopathological and molecular genetics aspects of the most important syndromes involving the endocrine organs. We describe the newly defined Familial Cancer Syndromes as MAFA-related, MEN4, and MEN5 as well as the newly reported pathological findings in DICER1 syndrome. We also describe the updates done at the new WHO on the syndromic and non-syndromic familial thyroid diseases. We emphasize the problem of diagnostic criteria, mention the new genes that are possibly involved in this group, and at the same time, touching upon the role of some immunohistochemical studies that could support the diagnosis of some of these conditions. As pathologists play an important role in identifying tumors within a familial cancer syndrome, we highlight the most important clues for raising the suspicious of a syndrome. Finally, we highlight the challenges in defining these entities as well as determining their clinical outcome in comparison with sporadic tumors. Instead of the usual subject review, we present the highlights of the updates on familial cancer syndromes by answering select questions relevant to practicing pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Nosé
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | | | - José Manuel Cameselle Teijeiro
- Clinical University Hospital Santiago de Compostela and Medical Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aurel Perren
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Sánchez-Ares M, Cameselle-García S, Abdulkader-Nallib I, Rodríguez-Carnero G, Beiras-Sarasquete C, Puñal-Rodríguez JA, Cameselle-Teijeiro JM. Susceptibility Genes and Chromosomal Regions Associated With Non-Syndromic Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Some Pathogenetic and Diagnostic Keys. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:829103. [PMID: 35295987 PMCID: PMC8918666 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.829103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the malignant tumor that is increasing most rapidly in the world, mainly at the expense of sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma. The somatic alterations involved in the pathogenesis of sporadic follicular cell derived tumors are well recognized, while the predisposing alterations implicated in hereditary follicular tumors are less well known. Since the genetic background of syndromic familial non-medullary carcinoma has been well established, here we review the pathogenesis of non-syndromic familial non-medullary carcinoma emphasizing those aspects that may be useful in clinical and pathological diagnosis. Non-syndromic familial non-medullary carcinoma has a complex and heterogeneous genetic basis involving several genes and loci with a monogenic or polygenic inheritance model. Most cases are papillary thyroid carcinoma (classic and follicular variant), usually accompanied by benign thyroid nodules (follicular thyroid adenoma and/or multinodular goiter). The possible diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of the changes in the expression and/or translocation of various proteins secondary to several mutations reported in this setting requires further confirmation. Given that non-syndromic familial non-medullary carcinoma and sporadic non-medullary thyroid carcinoma share the same morphology and somatic mutations, the same targeted therapies could be used at present, if necessary, until more specific targeted treatments become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sánchez-Ares
- Department of Pathology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Soledad Cameselle-García
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Complex of Ourense, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Ourense, Spain
| | - Ihab Abdulkader-Nallib
- Department of Pathology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gemma Rodríguez-Carnero
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carolina Beiras-Sarasquete
- Department of Surgery, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Antonio Puñal-Rodríguez
- School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Manuel Cameselle-Teijeiro
- Department of Pathology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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de Mello LEB, Carneiro TNR, Araujo AN, Alves CX, Galante PAF, Buzatto VC, das Graças de Almeida M, Vermeulen-Serpa KM, de Lima Vale SH, José de Pinto Paiva F, Brandão-Neto J, Cerutti JM. Identification of NID1 as a novel candidate susceptibility gene for familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma using whole-exome sequencing. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-21-0406.R2. [PMID: 34941562 PMCID: PMC8859953 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The genetics underlying non-syndromic familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) is still poorly understood. To identify susceptibility genes for FNMTC, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in a Brazilian family affected by papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in three consecutive generations. WES was performed in four affected and two unaffected family members. Manual inspection in over 100 previously reported susceptibility genes for FNMTC showed that no variants in known genes co-segregated with disease phenotype in this family. Novel candidate genes were investigated using PhenoDB and filtered using Genome Aggregation (gnomAD) and Online Archive of Brazilian Mutations (ABraOM) population databases. The missense variant p.Ile657Met in the NID1 gene was the only variant that co-segregated with the disease, while absent in unaffected family members and controls. The allele frequency for this variant was <0.0001 in the gnomAD and ABbraOM databases. In silico analysis predicted the variant to be deleterious or likely damaging to the protein function. Somatic mutations in NID1 gene were found in nearly 500 cases of different cancer subtypes in the intOGen platform. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed NID1 expression in PTC cells, while it was absent in normal thyroid tissue. Our findings were corroborated using data from the TCGA cohort. Moreover, higher expression of NID1 was associated with higher likelihood of relapse after treatment and N1b disease in PTCs from the TCGA cohort. Although replication studies are needed to better understand the role of this variant in the FNMTC susceptibility, the NID1 variant (c.1971T>G) identified in this study fulfills several criteria that suggest it as a new FNMTC predisposing gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Barbalho de Mello
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Thaise Nayane Ribeiro Carneiro
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Neves Araujo
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Xavier Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria das Graças de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Karina Marques Vermeulen-Serpa
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Sancha Helena de Lima Vale
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Fernando José de Pinto Paiva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - José Brandão-Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Janete Maria Cerutti
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence should be addressed to J M Cerutti:
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9
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Papillary Thyroid Cancer Affecting Multiple Family Members: A Case Report and Literature Review of Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer. Case Rep Endocrinol 2021; 2021:3472000. [PMID: 34691791 PMCID: PMC8536453 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3472000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) represents 5–10% of NMTC cases. Many controversies are associated with the FNMTC, namely, the minimum required number of affected family members to define the condition, aggressiveness, prognosis, and treatment and screening recommendations. Moreover, the genetic basis of the FNMTC has not yet been identified. We report a family diagnosed with FNMTC and present a comprehensive literature review of the condition. The index case was a 26-year-old male who was diagnosed with locally advanced papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Then, his family members became worried and asked for a neck ultrasound. Four of his six siblings, in addition to his father, were diagnosed with PTC. In addition, two of his cousins were diagnosed. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral neck dissection, and he received 2 doses of radioactive iodine (100 mCi each). Furthermore, one of his siblings required a second surgery with repeated radioactive iodine therapy. The index case genetic screening and whole-exome sequencing did not show any abnormalities. Future genetic and clinical research should focus on kindred with 3 or more affected individuals for better identification of the FNMTC susceptibility genes and to better guide management and screening recommendations.
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10
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Pires C, Marques IJ, Dias D, Saramago A, Leite V, Cavaco BM. A pathogenic variant in CHEK2 shows a founder effect in Portuguese Roma patients with thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2021; 73:588-597. [PMID: 33683595 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Germline mutations in DNA repair-related genes have been recently reported in cases with familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC). A Portuguese family from the Roma ethnic group with four members affected with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and three members with multinodular goiter (MNG) was identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of DNA repair-related genes in the etiology of FNMTC in this family and in the Roma ethnic group. METHODS Ninety-four hereditary cancer predisposition genes were analyzed through next-generation sequencing. Sanger sequencing was used for variant confirmation and screening. Twelve polymorphic markers were genotyped for haplotype analysis in the CHEK2 locus. RESULTS A germline pathogenic frameshift variant in the CHEK2 gene [c.596dupA, p.(Tyr199Ter)] was detected in homozygosity in the proband (PTC) and in his brother (MNG), being heterozygous in his mother (PTC), two sisters (PTC), and one nephew (MNG). This variant was absent in 100 general population controls. The screening of the CHEK2 variant was extended to other Roma individuals, being detected in 2/33 Roma patients with thyroid cancer, and in 1/15 Roma controls. Haplotype segregation analysis identified a common ancestral core haplotype (Hcac), covering 10 Mb in the CHEK2 locus, shared by affected CHEK2 variant carriers. Analysis of 62 individuals CHEK2 wild-type indicated that none presented the Hcac haplotype. The estimated age for this variant suggested that it was transmitted by a relatively recent common ancestor. CONCLUSIONS We identified a founder CHEK2 pathogenic variant, which is likely to underlie thyroid cancer and other cancer manifestations in the Roma population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pires
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Jorge Marques
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
- Chronic Diseases Research Centre (CEDOC), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniela Dias
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Saramago
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Valeriano Leite
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Branca Maria Cavaco
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal.
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11
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Germ-line mutations in WDR77 predispose to familial papillary thyroid cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026327118. [PMID: 34326253 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026327118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The inheritance of predisposition to nonsyndromic familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) remains unclear. Here, we report six individuals with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in two unrelated nonsyndromic FNMTC families. Whole-exome sequencing revealed two germ-line loss-of-function variants occurring within a 28-bp fragment of WDR77, which encodes a core member of a transmethylase complex formed with the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 that is responsible for histone H4 arginine 3 dimethylation (H4R3me2) in frogs and mammals. To date, the association of WDR77 with susceptibility to cancer in humans is unknown. A very rare heterozygous missense mutation (R198H) in WDR77 exon 6 was identified in one family of three affected siblings. A heterozygous splice-site mutation (c.619+1G > C) at the 5' end of intron 6 is present in three affected members from another family. The R198H variant impairs the interaction of WDR77 with PRMT5, and the splice-site mutation causes exon 6 skipping and results in a marked decrease in mutant messenger RNA, accompanied by obviously reduced H4R3me2 levels in mutation carriers. Knockdown of WDR77 results in increased growth of thyroid cancer cells. Whole-transcriptome analysis of WDR77 mutant patient-derived thyroid tissue showed changes in pathways enriched in the processes of cell cycle promotion and apoptosis inhibition. In summary, we report WDR77 mutations predisposing patients to nonsyndromic familial PTC and link germ-line WDR77 variants to human malignant disease.
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12
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Zayed AA, Amarin JZ, Al-Ani AT, Altell TL, Abdelhamid SS, Qirem MM, Fahmawi SM, Elshebli SM, Hamo KM, Zaghlol LY, Tierney ME, Zayed JA, Haghighi A. Association of Parental Consanguinity With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2769-e2774. [PMID: 33585882 PMCID: PMC8208659 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma. Uncommonly, PTC is associated with multiple genetic alterations and chromosomal abnormalities and displays familial patterns of inheritance. Parental consanguinity increases susceptibility to many genetic disorders. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to investigate the association of parental consanguinity with PTC. METHODS This case-control study of PTC patients compared with healthy controls took place in a tertiary referral hospital. We recruited 200 PTC patients who were managed at the endocrinology outpatient clinics of the Jordan University Hospital, and we recruited 515 healthy controls from a nonclinical setting. We interviewed all participants and collected sociodemographic data. We reviewed the family pedigrees of each participant four generations back and excluded any participant who was related. We established whether the parents of each participant were first cousins, first cousins once removed, second cousins, or unrelated. We then used binary logistic regression to assess the association of parental consanguinity with PTC adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, body mass index, and parental education. RESULTS We recruited 715 participants. The numbers of PTC patients and healthy controls were 200 (28.0%) and 515 (72.0%), respectively. The rate of parental consanguinity was 25.5% in PTC patients and 12.2% in healthy controls. Parental consanguinity was significantly associated with PTC (adjusted odds ratio, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.63-4.17; P < .001). CONCLUSION Parental consanguinity is a risk factor for PTC. Our findings should be considered during familial risk assessment and genetic counseling, especially in populations with high rates of consanguinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Zayed
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Tareq L Altell
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Murad M Qirem
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Khair M Hamo
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Jana A Zayed
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alireza Haghighi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Capezzone M, Robenshtok E, Cantara S, Castagna MG. Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer: a critical review. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:943-950. [PMID: 33025555 PMCID: PMC8049908 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC), mainly of papillary histotype (FPTC), is defined by the presence of the disease in two or more first-degree relatives in the absence of other known familial syndromes. With the increasing incidence of PTC in the recent years, the familial form of the disease has also become more common than previously reported and constitutes nearly 10% of all thyroid cancers. Many aspects of FNMTC are debated, concerning both clinical and genetic aspects. Several studies reported that, in comparison with sporadic PTCs, FPTCs are more aggressive at disease presentation, while other authors reported no differences in the clinical behavior of sporadic and familial PTCs. For this reason, recent guidelines do not recommend screening of family members of patients with diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). FNMTC is described as a polygenic disorder associated with multiple low- to moderate-penetrance susceptibility genes and incomplete penetrance. At the moment, the genetic factors contributing to the development of FNMTC remain poorly understood, though many putative genes have been proposed in the recent years. PURPOSE Based on current literature and our experience with FNMTC, in this review, we critically discussed the most relevant controversies, including its definition, the genetic background and some clinical aspects as screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Capezzone
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - E Robenshtok
- Institute of Endocrinology, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Cantara
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M G Castagna
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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Diquigiovanni C, Bonora E. Genetics of Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (FNMTC). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2178. [PMID: 33946592 PMCID: PMC8125431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (NMTC) is the most frequent endocrine tumor and originates from the follicular epithelial cells of the thyroid. Familial NMTC (FNMTC) has been defined in pedigrees where two or more first-degree relatives of the patient present the disease in absence of other predisposing environmental factors. Compared to sporadic cases, FNMTCs are often multifocal, recurring more frequently and showing an early age at onset with a worse outcome. FNMTC cases show a high degree of genetic heterogeneity, thus impairing the identification of the underlying molecular causes. Over the last two decades, many efforts in identifying the susceptibility genes in large pedigrees were carried out using linkage-based approaches and genome-wide association studies, leading to the identification of susceptibility loci and variants associated with NMTC risk. The introduction of next-generation sequencing technologies has greatly contributed to the elucidation of FNMTC predisposition, leading to the identification of novel candidate variants, shortening the time and cost of gene tests. In this review we report the most significant genes identified for the FNMTC predisposition. Integrating these new molecular findings in the clinical data of patients is fundamental for an early detection and the development of tailored therapies, in order to optimize patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Diquigiovanni
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
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15
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Cameselle-Teijeiro JM, Mete O, Asa SL, LiVolsi V. Inherited Follicular Epithelial-Derived Thyroid Carcinomas: From Molecular Biology to Histological Correlates. Endocr Pathol 2021; 32:77-101. [PMID: 33495912 PMCID: PMC7960606 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-020-09661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer derived from thyroid follicular epithelial cells is common; it represents the most common endocrine malignancy. The molecular features of sporadic tumors have been clarified in the past decade. However the incidence of familial disease has not been emphasized and is often overlooked in routine practice. A careful clinical documentation of family history or familial syndromes that can be associated with thyroid disease can help identify germline susceptibility-driven thyroid neoplasia. In this review, we summarize a large body of information about both syndromic and non-syndromic familial thyroid carcinomas. A significant number of patients with inherited non-medullary thyroid carcinomas manifest disease that appears to be sporadic disease even in some syndromic cases. The cytomorphology of the tumor(s), molecular immunohistochemistry, the findings in the non-tumorous thyroid parenchyma and other associated lesions may provide insight into the underlying syndromic disorder. However, the increasing evidence of familial predisposition to non-syndromic thyroid cancers is raising questions about the importance of genetics and epigenetics. What appears to be "sporadic" is becoming less often truly so and more often an opportunity to identify and understand novel genetic variants that underlie tumorigenesis. Pathologists must be aware of the unusual morphologic features that should prompt germline screening. Therefore, recognition of harbingers of specific germline susceptibility syndromes can assist in providing information to facilitate early detection to prevent aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Cameselle-Teijeiro
- Department of Pathology, Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Clinical University Hospital, Travesía Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Medical Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Ozgur Mete
- Department of Pathology and Endocrine Oncology Site, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvia L Asa
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Virginia LiVolsi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelmann School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Miasaki FY, Fuziwara CS, de Carvalho GA, Kimura ET. Genetic Mutations and Variants in the Susceptibility of Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1364. [PMID: 33218058 PMCID: PMC7698903 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy with the majority of cases derived from thyroid follicular cells and caused by sporadic mutations. However, when at least two or more first degree relatives present thyroid cancer, it is classified as familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) that may comprise 3-9% of all thyroid cancer. In this context, 5% of FNMTC are related to hereditary syndromes such as Cowden and Werner Syndromes, displaying specific genetic predisposition factors. On the other hand, the other 95% of cases are classified as non-syndromic FNMTC. Over the last 20 years, several candidate genes emerged in different studies of families worldwide. Nevertheless, the identification of a prevalent polymorphism or germinative mutation has not progressed in FNMTC. In this work, an overview of genetic alteration related to syndromic and non-syndromic FNMTC is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Yukiko Miasaki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SEMPR), Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80030-110, Brazil; (F.Y.M.); (G.A.d.C.)
| | - Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Gisah Amaral de Carvalho
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SEMPR), Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80030-110, Brazil; (F.Y.M.); (G.A.d.C.)
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
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Comiskey DF, He H, Liyanarachchi S, Sheikh MS, Hendrickson IV, Yu L, Brock PL, de la Chapelle A. Characterizing the function of EPB41L4A in the predisposition to papillary thyroid carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19984. [PMID: 33203992 PMCID: PMC7672090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common histotype of thyroid carcinoma. The heritability of PTC is high compared to other cancers, but its underlying causes are unknown. A recent genome-wide association study revealed the association of a variant at the 5q22 locus, rs73227498, with PTC predisposition. We report that rs17134155, a variant in high linkage disequilibrium with rs73227498, is located in an enhancer region downstream of coding transcripts of EPB41L4A. Rs17134155 showed significant enhancer activity in luciferase assays, and haplotypes containing the protective allele of this variant conferred a significantly lower risk of PTC. While the index SNP, rs73227498, acted as a significant cis-eQTL for expression of EPB41L4A, rs17134155 was a significant cis-sQTL for the alternative splicing of a non-coding transcript of EPB41L4A, called EPB41L4A-203. We also performed knockdown of EPB41L4A followed by microarray analysis. Some of the top differentially-expressed genes were represented among regulators of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our results indicate that an enhancer region at 5q22 regulates the expression and splicing of EPB41L4A transcripts. We also provide evidence that EPB41L4A expression is involved in regulating growth and differentiation pathways, suggesting that decreased expression of EPB41L4A is a mechanism in the predisposition to PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Comiskey
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 804 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 12th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Huiling He
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 804 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 12th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sandya Liyanarachchi
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 804 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 12th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mehek S Sheikh
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 804 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 12th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Isabella V Hendrickson
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 804 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 12th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Pamela L Brock
- Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 804 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 12th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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18
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Cirello V. Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma: clinico-pathological features, current knowledge and novelty regarding genetic risk factors. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2020; 46:5-20. [PMID: 33045820 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.20.03338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) constitutes 3-9% of all thyroid cancers and occurs in two or more first-degree relatives in the absence of predisposing environmental factors. Out of all FNMTC cases, only 5% are represented by syndromic forms (Gardner's Syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, Cowden's Syndrome, Carney complex 1, Werner's Syndrome and DICER1 syndrome), in which thyroid cancer occurs as a minor component and the genetic alterations are well-known. The non-syndromic forms represent the majority of all FNMTCs (95%), and the thyroid cancer is the predominant feature. Several low penetration susceptibility risk loci or genes (i.e. TTF1, FOXE1, SRGAP1, SRRM2, HABP2, MAP2K5, and DUOX2), here fully reviewed, have been proposed in recent years with a possible causative role, though the results are still not conclusive or reliable. FNMTC is indistinguishable from sporadic non-medullary thyroid cancer (sNMTC), which means that FNMTC cannot be diagnosed until at least one of the patient's first-degree relatives is affected by tumor. Some studies reported that the non-syndromic FNMTC is more aggressive than the sNMTC, being characterized by a younger age of onset and a higher rate of multifocal and bilateral tumors, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, and recurrence. On the contrary, other studies did not find clinical differences between non-syndromic FNMTCs and sporadic cases. Here, I reported an extensive review on genetic and clinico-pathological features of the FNMTC, with particular attention on novel genetic risk factors for non-syndromic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cirello
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy -
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19
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The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for the Definitive Surgical Management of Thyroid Disease in Adults. Ann Surg 2020; 271:e21-e93. [PMID: 32079830 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000003580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop evidence-based recommendations for safe, effective, and appropriate thyroidectomy. BACKGROUND Surgical management of thyroid disease has evolved considerably over several decades leading to variability in rendered care. Over 100,000 thyroid operations are performed annually in the US. METHODS The medical literature from 1/1/1985 to 11/9/2018 was reviewed by a panel of 19 experts in thyroid disorders representing multiple disciplines. The authors used the best available evidence to construct surgical management recommendations. Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and management recommendations were discussed to consensus. Members of the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons reviewed and commented on preliminary drafts of the content. RESULTS These clinical guidelines analyze the indications for thyroidectomy as well as its definitions, technique, morbidity, and outcomes. Specific topics include Pathogenesis and Epidemiology, Initial Evaluation, Imaging, Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Diagnosis, Molecular Testing, Indications, Extent and Outcomes of Surgery, Preoperative Care, Initial Thyroidectomy, Perioperative Tissue Diagnosis, Nodal Dissection, Concurrent Parathyroidectomy, Hyperthyroid Conditions, Goiter, Adjuncts and Approaches to Thyroidectomy, Laryngology, Familial Thyroid Cancer, Postoperative Care and Complications, Cancer Management, and Reoperation. CONCLUSIONS Evidence-based guidelines were created to assist clinicians in the optimal surgical management of thyroid disease.
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20
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Comiskey DF, He H, Liyanarachchi S, Sheikh MS, Genutis LK, Hendrickson IV, Yu L, Brock PL, de la Chapelle A. Variants in LRRC34 reveal distinct mechanisms for predisposition to papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Med Genet 2020; 57:519-527. [PMID: 32051256 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) demonstrates high heritability and a low somatic mutation burden relative to other cancers. Therefore, the genetic risk predisposing to PTC is likely due to a combination of low penetrance variants. A recent genome-wide association study revealed the association of PTC with a missense variant, rs6793295, at 3q26 in a gene called Leucine Repeat Rich Containing 34 (LRRC34). METHODS We report the mechanisms of PTC risk at 3q26 using a combination of overexpression, mass spectroscopy, knockdown, transcriptome profiling, migration assays and genetic analysis. RESULTS We observed differential binding of wild-type and missense LRRC34 to RANBP1. Overexpression of missense LRRC34 reduced RanGTP levels and increased apoptosis. We also identified a second linkage disequilibrium (LD) block upstream of LRRC34 containing regulatory variants with allele-specific expression. Transcriptome profiling of LRRC34 knockdown cells showed changes in genes involved with cellular movement. LRRC34 knockdown reduced the migration of thyroid cancer cell lines. Lastly, we assessed the relative contribution of PTC risk from each locus using haplotype analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates two separate mechanisms, one in G protein signalling and the other in transcriptional control, dictating PTC risk at 3q26 using both biochemical and genetic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Forrest Comiskey
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Huiling He
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sandya Liyanarachchi
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mehek S Sheikh
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Luke K Genutis
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Isabella V Hendrickson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Pamela L Brock
- Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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21
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Ye F, Gao H, Xiao L, Zuo Z, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Chen H, Feng W, Fu B, Sun L, Jiang X, He D, Jiang H, Yang M, Li L, Chen F, Liu X, Li S, Li Z, Jiang Y, Cheng L, Bu H. Whole exome and target sequencing identifies MAP2K5 as novel susceptibility gene for familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1321-1330. [PMID: 30132833 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the genotype-phenotype for familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC) is well studied, only few low susceptibility risk loci were identified for familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC). The aim of this study is to screen and identify high-penetrate genes for FNMTC. A total of 34 families with more than two first-degree relatives diagnosed as papillary thyroid cancer without other familial syndrome were recruited. Whole exome and target gene sequencing were performed for candidate variants. These variants were screened and analyzed with ESP6500, ExAC, 1000 genomes project, and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with SIFT score and Polyphen2 prediction. Finally, we identified recurrent genetic mutation of MAP2K5 variants c.G961A and c.T1100C (p. A321T and p.M367 T) as susceptibility loci for FNMTC. The frequencies of MAP2K5 c.G961A and c.T1100C were found, 0.0385 and 0.0259 in FNMTC and 0 and 0.00022523 in healthy Chinese controls (n = 2200, P < 0.001), respectively. Both variants were located in the protein kinase domain. The functional study showed that MAP2K5 A321T or M367 T could consistently phosphorylate downstream protein ERK5 on site Ser731 + Thr733 or Ser496, promoting nuclear translocation and subsequently altering target gene expressions. Our data revealed that MAP2K5 variants A321T or M367 T can activate MAP2K5-ERK5 pathway, alter downstream gene expression, and subsequently induce thyroid epithelial cell malignant transformation. While classic MAP2K1/2(MEK1/2)-ERK1/2 signaling is well known for driving sporadic NMTC, our research indicated that MAP2K5 (MEK5) is a susceptibility gene for FNMTC. These findings highlight the potential application of MAP2K5 for molecular diagnosis as well as early prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China. Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Clinical Research Center for Breast, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Hongwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China. Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixiang Zuo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Huijiao Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiyi Feng
- Big Data Research Center, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Big Data Research Center, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech, 611731, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyong Sun
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Du He
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - He Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin
| | - Shuang Li
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan University
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Hong Bu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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22
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Bakhsh AD, Ladas I, Hamshere ML, Bullock M, Kirov G, Zhang L, Taylor PN, Gregory JW, Scott-Coombes D, Völzke H, Teumer A, Mantripragada K, Williams ED, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Williams NM, Ludgate ME. An InDel in Phospholipase-C-B-1 Is Linked with Euthyroid Multinodular Goiter. Thyroid 2018; 28:891-901. [PMID: 29897006 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2017.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Euthyroid multinodular goiter (MNG) is common, but little is known about the genetic variations conferring predisposition. Previously, a family with MNG of adolescent onset was reported in which some family members developed papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC). METHODS Genome-wide linkage analysis and next-generation sequencing were conducted to identify genetic variants that may confer disease predisposition. A multipoint nonparametric LOD score of 3.01 was obtained, covering 19 cM on chromosome 20p. Haplotype analysis reduced the region of interest to 10 cM. RESULTS Analysis of copy number variation identified an intronic InDel (∼1000 bp) in the PLCB1 gene in all eight affected family members and carriers (an unaffected person who has inherited the genetic trait). This InDel is present in approximately 1% of "healthy" Caucasians. Next-generation sequencing of the region identified no additional disease-associated variant, suggesting a possible role of the InDel. Since PLCB1 contributes to thyrocyte growth regulation, the InDel was investigated in relevant Caucasian cohorts. It was detected in 0/70 PTC but 4/81 unrelated subjects with MNG (three females; age at thyroidectomy 27-59 years; no family history of MNG/PTC). The InDel frequency is significantly higher in MNG subjects compared to controls (χ2 = 5.076; p = 0.024. PLCB1 transcript levels were significantly higher in thyroids with the InDel than without (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The intronic PLCB1 InDel is the first variant found in familial multiple papilloid adenomata-type MNG and in a subset of patients with sporadic MNG. It may function through overexpression, and increased PLC activity has been reported in thyroid neoplasms. The potential role of the deletion as a biomarker to identify MNG patients more likely to progress to PTC merits exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameen D Bakhsh
- 1 Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Ladas
- 1 Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marian L Hamshere
- 2 Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn Bullock
- 3 Kolling Institute of Medical Research and Department of Endocrinology, University of Sydney , Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - George Kirov
- 2 Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Zhang
- 1 Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N Taylor
- 1 Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - John W Gregory
- 1 Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - David Scott-Coombes
- 4 Department of Endocrine Surgery; Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Völzke
- 5 Institute for Community Medicine, Study of Health in Pomerania, Ernst Moritz Arndt University , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- 5 Institute for Community Medicine, Study of Health in Pomerania, Ernst Moritz Arndt University , Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kiran Mantripragada
- 2 Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - E Dillwyn Williams
- 6 Thyroid Carcinogenesis Research Group, Strangeways Research Laboratory , Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roderick J Clifton-Bligh
- 3 Kolling Institute of Medical Research and Department of Endocrinology, University of Sydney , Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nigel M Williams
- 2 Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Marian E Ludgate
- 1 Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom
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23
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Guilmette J, Nosé V. Hereditary and familial thyroid tumours. Histopathology 2017; 72:70-81. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vania Nosé
- Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston MA USA
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24
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Lee CR, Park S, Kang SW, Lee J, Jeong JJ, Nam KH, Chung WY, Park CS. Is familial papillary thyroid microcarcinoma more aggressive than sporadic form? Ann Surg Treat Res 2017; 92:129-135. [PMID: 28289666 PMCID: PMC5344802 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2017.92.3.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose With the increasing incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), familial papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (FPTMC) is now recognized more frequently. However, the biological behavior of FPTMC is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of FPTMC and its biological aggressiveness. Methods Between March 2006 and July 2010, 2,414 patients underwent primary surgical therapy for PTMC and 149 (6.2%) were further classified as FPTMC. To determine the biological aggressiveness of FPTMC, we compared the clinicopathological features and prognosis between FPTMC and sporadic PTMC (SPTMC). Results The male-to-female ratio was higher in FPTMC than in sporadic papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (SPTMC: 1:4.5 vs. 1:7.2, P = 0.041). The central lymph node (LN) metastasis rate was significantly higher in FPTMC than in SPTMC (36.2% vs. 24.2%, P = 0.002). The local recurrence rate was also higher in FPTMC than in SPTMC (4.5% vs. 0.6%, P < 0.001). We identified familial occurrence in 6.2% of cases of PTMC. FPTMC is associated with a high rate of central LN metastasis and local recurrence. Conclusion These findings suggest that close follow-up can be beneficial in FPTMC patients to detect local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Rok Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seulkee Park
- Department of General Surgery, Eulji General Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Kang
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jandee Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ju Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Hyun Nam
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong Youn Chung
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheong Soo Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Liu C, Yu Y, Yin G, Zhang J, Wen W, Ruan X, Li D, Zhang S, Cai W, Gao M, Chen L. C14orf93 ( RTFC ) is identified as a novel susceptibility gene for familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:590-596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Peiling Yang S, Ngeow J. Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer: unraveling the genetic maze. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:R577-R595. [PMID: 27807061 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) constitutes 3-9% of all thyroid cancers. Out of all FNMTC cases, only 5% in the syndromic form has well-studied driver germline mutations. These associated syndromes include Cowden syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, Gardner syndrome, Carney complex type 1, Werner syndrome and DICER1 syndrome. It is important for the clinician to recognize these phenotypes so that genetic counseling and testing can be initiated to enable surveillance for associated malignancies and genetic testing of family members. The susceptibility chromosomal loci and genes of 95% of FNMTC cases remain to be characterized. To date, 4 susceptibility genes have been identified (SRGAP1 gene (12q14), TITF-1/NKX2.1 gene (14q13), FOXE1 gene (9q22.33) and HABP2 gene (10q25.3)), out of which only the FOXE1 and the HABP2 genes have been validated by separate study groups. The causal genes located at the other 7 FNMTC-associated chromosomal loci (TCO (19q13.2), fPTC/ PRN (1q21), FTEN (8p23.1-p22), NMTC1 (2q21), MNG1 (14q32), 6q22, 8q24) have yet to be identified. Increasingly, gene regulatory mechanisms (miRNA and enhancer elements) are recognized to affect gene expression and FNMTC tumorigenesis. With newer sequencing technique, along with functional studies, there has been progress in the understanding of the genetic basis of FNMTC. In our review, we summarize the FNMTC studies to date and provide an update on the recently reported susceptibility genes including novel germline SEC23B variant in Cowden syndrome, SRGAP1 gene, FOXE1 gene and HABP2 genes in non-syndromic FNMTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Peiling Yang
- Endocrinology DivisionDepartment of Medicine, National University Hospital of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics ServiceDivision of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Oncology Academic Clinical ProgramDuke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Ren Y, Lence-Anta JJ, Pereda CM, Chappe M, Velasco M, Infante I, Bustillo M, Turcios S, Leufroy A, Guérin T, Noël L, Lesueur F, Maillard S, Cléro E, Xhaard C, Allodji RS, Rubino C, Rodriguez R, Ortiz RM, de Vathaire F. FOXE1 Polymorphism Interacts with Dietary Iodine Intake in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Risk in the Cuban Population. Thyroid 2016; 26:1752-1760. [PMID: 27610545 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is low in Cuba, and the contribution of dietary factors to DTC in this population has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dietary iodine intake and DTC with regard to the interaction with environmental factors or some common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), based on a case-control study carried out in Cuba. METHODS A total of 203 cases and 212 controls from the general population were interviewed face-to-face using the dietary intake questionnaire and the photo booklet from the E3N cohort. A specific food composition table was constructed for this study. For each parameter studied, the odds ratio (OR) was stratified on age group and sex, and further adjusted for dietary energy, smoking status, ethnic group, level of education, number of pregnancies, and body surface area. RESULTS The risk of DTC was significantly reduced with increasing consumption of fish (p = 0.04), but no association between total dietary iodine intake and DTC risk was evident (p = 0.7). This lack of significant association was true whatever the age, the smoking status, the dietary selenium intake, and the ethnicity (p > 0.05). DTC risk was positively and strongly associated with the number of copies in the minor allele (A) for SNP rs965513 near FOXE1 among people who consumed less iodine than the median (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Overall, the majority of the studied population had an optimal dietary iodine intake. DTC risk was inversely associated with high fish consumption. Furthermore, DTC risk was positively associated with the number of copies in the minor allele (A) of rs965513 among people who consumed less iodine than the median. Because these findings are based on post-diagnostic measures, studies with pre-diagnostic dietary iodine are needed for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- 1 Cancer and Radiations, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) - U1018, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- 2 Department of Research, Gustave Roussy Institute , Villejuif, France
- 3 Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris XI , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Juan J Lence-Anta
- 4 Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology , Havana, Cuba
| | - Celia M Pereda
- 4 Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology , Havana, Cuba
| | - Mae Chappe
- 4 Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology , Havana, Cuba
| | - Milagros Velasco
- 4 Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology , Havana, Cuba
| | - Idalmis Infante
- 4 Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology , Havana, Cuba
| | - Marlene Bustillo
- 4 Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology , Havana, Cuba
| | - Silvia Turcios
- 5 Medical Care, National Institute of Endocrinology , Havana, Cuba
| | - Axelle Leufroy
- 6 Laboratory for Food Safety, Department of Chemical Contaminants in Food, Metallic Trace Elements and Minerals Unit, University of Paris-Est , Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thierry Guérin
- 6 Laboratory for Food Safety, Department of Chemical Contaminants in Food, Metallic Trace Elements and Minerals Unit, University of Paris-Est , Anses, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Laurent Noël
- 7 The French Directorate General for Food, Ministry of Agriculture , Agro-16 Food and Forestry, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- 8 Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, U900, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Maillard
- 1 Cancer and Radiations, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) - U1018, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- 2 Department of Research, Gustave Roussy Institute , Villejuif, France
- 3 Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris XI , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Enora Cléro
- 1 Cancer and Radiations, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) - U1018, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- 2 Department of Research, Gustave Roussy Institute , Villejuif, France
- 3 Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris XI , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Constance Xhaard
- 1 Cancer and Radiations, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) - U1018, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- 2 Department of Research, Gustave Roussy Institute , Villejuif, France
- 3 Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris XI , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rodrigue S Allodji
- 1 Cancer and Radiations, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) - U1018, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- 2 Department of Research, Gustave Roussy Institute , Villejuif, France
- 3 Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris XI , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Carole Rubino
- 1 Cancer and Radiations, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) - U1018, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- 2 Department of Research, Gustave Roussy Institute , Villejuif, France
- 3 Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris XI , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Regla Rodriguez
- 9 Department of Foreign Affairs, Public Health Ministry, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rosa M Ortiz
- 4 Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology , Havana, Cuba
| | - Florent de Vathaire
- 1 Cancer and Radiations, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) - U1018, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Villejuif, France
- 2 Department of Research, Gustave Roussy Institute , Villejuif, France
- 3 Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris XI , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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28
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Nixon IJ, Suárez C, Simo R, Sanabria A, Angelos P, Rinaldo A, Rodrigo JP, Kowalski LP, Hartl DM, Hinni ML, Shah JP, Ferlito A. The impact of family history on non-medullary thyroid cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2016; 42:1455-63. [PMID: 27561845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Around 10% of patients with non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) will have a positive family history for the disease. Although many will be sporadic, families where 3 first-degree relatives are affected can be considered to represent true familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC). The genetic basis, impact on clinical and pathological features, and overall effect on prognosis are poorly understood. METHODS A literature review identified articles which report on genetic, clinical, therapeutic and screening aspects of FNMTC. The results are presented to allow an understanding of the genetic basis and the impact on clinical-pathological features and prognosis in order to inform clinical decision making. RESULTS The genetic basis of FNMTC is unknown. Despite this, significant progress has been made in identifying potential susceptibility genes. The lack of a test for FNMTC has led to a clinical definition requiring a minimum of 3 first-degree relatives to be diagnosed with NMTC. Although some have shown an association with multi-centric disease, younger age and increased rates of extra-thyroidal extension and nodal metastases, these findings are not supported by all. The impact of FNMTC is unclear with all groups reporting good outcome, and some finding an association with more aggressive disease. The role of screening remains controversial. CONCLUSION FNMTC is rare but can be diagnosed clinically. Its impact on prognostic factors and the subsequent role in influencing management is debated. For those patients who present with otherwise low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer, FNMTC should be included in risk assessment when discussing therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Nixon
- Department of ENT/Head and Neck Surgery, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh University, UK; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh University, UK.
| | - C Suárez
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Fundación de Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - R Simo
- Head and Neck Cancer Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Sanabria
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Fundación Colombiana de Cancerología - Clínica Vida, Medellin, Colombia
| | - P Angelos
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Ethics, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Rinaldo
- University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy
| | - J P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - L P Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D M Hartl
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Phonétique et de Phonologie, Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris, France
| | - M L Hinni
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - J P Shah
- Head and Neck Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Ferlito
- Department of Surgical Sciences, ENT Clinic, University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine; International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Italy
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29
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Alzahrani AS, Murugan AK, Qasem E, Al-Hindi H. HABP2 Gene Mutations Do Not Cause Familial or Sporadic Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer in a Highly Inbred Middle Eastern Population. Thyroid 2016; 26:667-71. [PMID: 26906432 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) occurs either as part of known hereditary syndromes or as a non-syndromic isolated hereditary tumor. Although the genes underlying the syndromic type of NMTC have been identified in most syndromes, no clear underlying gene has been identified in the non-syndromic NMTC. Recently, a c.1601G>A, p.G534E mutation in the HABP2 gene was reported to be the underlying genetic defect in a family with seven members affected by NMTC. The G534E variant has also been reported to occur in about 4.7% of cases of the Thyroid Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore whether the recent finding of G534E genetic variant can be replicated in a large sample of NMTC, including 11 members of four unrelated families with familial NMTC and 509 cases of sporadic pediatric (63 cases) and adult NMTC (446 cases). METHODS All exons and exon-intron boundaries of HABP2 were screened in 11 members of four families with familial non-syndromic NMTC using DNA isolated from peripheral leucocytes, polymerase chain reaction, and direct sequencing. The G534E variant was also screened for specifically in 229 cases of sporadic NMTC using DNA isolated from peripheral leucocytes and an additional 217 cases of NMTC using DNA isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. As a control cohort, 190 healthy individuals without known thyroid disease were also studied for the presence of the G534E variant using DNA isolated from peripheral leucocytes. RESULTS None of the familial NMTC carried HABP2 mutations. Of 509 sporadic NMTC, only one case (0.2%) harbored the G534E variant. Similarly, only one case (0.5%) of the control group harbored the G534E variant. CONCLUSION In this study, HABP2 mutations were not found in familial NMTC, and the G534E variant is not the underlying genetic defect in a large sample of sporadic NMTC from the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Alzahrani
- 1 Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- 2 Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- 3 Department of Research Center-Jeddah, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan
- 1 Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam Qasem
- 1 Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hindi Al-Hindi
- 4 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Cao J, Chen C, Chen C, Wang QL, Ge MH. Clinicopathological features and prognosis of familial papillary thyroid carcinoma--a large-scale, matched, case-control study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 84:598-606. [PMID: 26191611 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It remains controversial whether or not the aggressiveness of familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) differs from sporadic carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathological features and prognosis of FNMTC. DESIGN A matched-case comparative study. METHODS Three hundred and seventy-two patients with familial papillary thyroid carcinoma (FPTC) were enrolled as the study group, and another 372 patients with sporadic PTC were enrolled as controls and matched for gender, age, tumour/node/metastasis (TNM) staging and approximate duration of follow-up. We compared the differences in the clinicopathological features and prognosis between the subgroups. RESULTS Compared with sporadic PTC, patients with FPTC were more likely to present tumour multicentricity, bilateral growth and a concomitant nodular goitre (P < 0·05). In papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), a higher recurrence rate was noted in patients with a family history of PTC, and this remained independently predictive on multivariate analysis. The patients with FPTC in the second generation showed an earlier age of onset, more frequent Hashimoto's thyroiditis and a higher recurrence rate than the first generation, while the first-generation offspring of patients had a higher incidence of nodular goitre than the second generation. CONCLUSIONS The presence of familial history in PTC indicates an increase in biological aggressiveness, and patients in the second generation may exhibit the 'genetic anticipation' phenomenon. At present, the available data are not sufficient to support a more aggressive approach for FPTC. However, a family history of PTC is an independent risk factor for recurrence in patients with PTMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Chen
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Liang Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Hua Ge
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, China
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Sahasrabudhe R, Stultz J, Williamson J, Lott P, Estrada A, Bohorquez M, Palles C, Polanco-Echeverry G, Jaeger E, Martin L, Magdalena Echeverry M, Tomlinson I, Carvajal-Carmona LG. The HABP2 G534E variant is an unlikely cause of familial non-medullary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 10:1098-1103. [PMID: 26691890 PMCID: PMC4803181 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A recent study reported the non-synonymous G534E (rs7080536, allele A) variant in the HABP2 gene as causal in familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the causality of HABP2 G534E in the TCUKIN study, a multi-center population based study of NMTC cases from the British Isles. DESIGN AND SETTING A case-control analysis of rs7080536 genotypes was performed using 2,105 TCUKIN cases and 5,172 UK controls. PARTICIPANTS Cases comprised 2,105 NMTC cases. Patients sub-groups with papillary (N=1,056), follicular (N=691) and Hurthle cell (N=86) TC cases were studied separately. Controls comprised 5,172 individuals from the 1958 Birth Cohort (58C) and the National Blood Donor Service (NBS) study. The controls had previously been genotyped using genome-wide SNP arrays by the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium study. OUTCOME Measures: Association between HABP2 G534E (rs7080536A) and NMTC risk was evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS The frequency of HABP2 G534E was 4.2% in cases and 4.6% in controls. We did not detect an association between this variant and NMTC risk (OR=0.896, 95% CI: 0.746-1.071, P=0.233). We also failed to detect an association between HABP2 G534E and cases with papillary (1056 cases, G534E frequency= 3.5%, OR=0.74, P=0.017), follicular (691 cases, G534E frequency= 4.7%, OR=1.00, P=1.000) or Hurthle cell (86 cases, G534E frequency= 6.3%, OR=1.40, P=0.279) histology. CONCLUSIONS We found that HABP2 G534E is a low-to-moderate frequency variant in the British Isles and failed to detect an association with NMTC risk, independent of histological type. Hence, our study does not implicate HABP2 G534E or a correlated polymorphism in familial NMTC and additional data are required before using this variant in NMTC risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Sahasrabudhe
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Jacob Stultz
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - John Williamson
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Paul Lott
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Ana Estrada
- Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de Poblaciones, Facultades de Ciencias y Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Mabel Bohorquez
- Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de Poblaciones, Facultades de Ciencias y Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Claire Palles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guadalupe Polanco-Echeverry
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
- Fundación de Genómica y Genética Molecular, Colombia
| | - Emma Jaeger
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Martin
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Magdalena Echeverry
- Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de Poblaciones, Facultades de Ciencias y Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Luis G Carvajal-Carmona
- Genome Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
- Grupo de Citogenética, Filogenia y Evolución de Poblaciones, Facultades de Ciencias y Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
- Fundación de Genómica y Genética Molecular, Colombia
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Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer: an update on the genetic and pathologic features. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mpdhp.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Thyroid cancers are largely divided into medullary (MTC) and non-medullary (NMTC) cancers , depending on the cell type of origin. Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) comprises about 5-15% of NMTC and is a heterogeneous group of diseases, including both non-syndromic and syndromic forms. Non-syndromic FNMTC tends to manifest papillary thyroid carcinoma , usually multifocal and bilateral . Several high-penetrance genes for FNMTC have been identified, but they are often confined to a few or single families, and other susceptibility loci appear to play a small part, conferring only small increments in risk. Familial susceptibility is likely to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental influences. The current focus of research in FNMTC is to characterise the susceptibility genes and their role in carcinogenesis. FNMTC can also occur as a part of multitumour genetic syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis , Cowden's disease , Werner's syndrome and Carney complex . These tend to present at an early age and are multicentric and bilateral with distinct pathology. The clinical evaluation of these patients is similar to that for most patients with a thyroid nodule. Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) arises from the parafollicular cells of the thyroid which release calcitonin. The familial form of MTC accounts for 20-25% of cases and presents as a part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) syndromes or as a pure familial MTC (FMTC). They are caused by germline point mutations in the RET oncogene on chromosome 10q11.2. There is a clear genotype-phenotype correlation, and the aggressiveness of FMTC depends on the specific genetic mutation, which should determine the timing of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Bano
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Thomas Addison Unit, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, UK.
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Targeted DNA Sequencing Detects Mutations Related to Susceptibility among Familial Non-medullary Thyroid Cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16129. [PMID: 26530882 PMCID: PMC4632085 DOI: 10.1038/srep16129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Some studies have demonstrated that familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) has a more aggressive clinical behavior compared to sporadic NMTC (SNMTC). However, FNMTC is difficult to differentiate from SNMTC by the morphology and immunohistochemistry. Although genes responsible for FNMTC were unclear, screening for rare germline mutations on known important tumor suppressor genes might offer more insights on predicting susceptibility to FNMTC. Here, a customized panel was designed to capture all exons of 31 cancer susceptive genes possibly related to FNMTC. Using next-generation sequencing we performed deep sequencing to achieve 500× coverage of the targeted regions. At the end 45 variants were identified in 29 of 47 familial patients and 6 of 16 sporadic patients. Notably, several germline mutations were found matching between paired FNMTC patients from the same family, including APC L292F and A2778S, BRAF D22N, MSH6 G355S and A36V, MSH2 L719F, MEN1 G508D, BRCA1 SS955S, BRCA2 G2508S, and a GNAS inframe insertion. We demonstrated a novel approach to help diagnose and elucidate the genetic cause of the FNMTC patients, and assess whether their family members are exposed to a higher genetic risk. The findings would also provide insights on monitoring the potential second cancers for thyroid cancer patients.
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Tomsic J, He H, Akagi K, Liyanarachchi S, Pan Q, Bertani B, Nagy R, Symer DE, Blencowe BJ, de la Chapelle A. A germline mutation in SRRM2, a splicing factor gene, is implicated in papillary thyroid carcinoma predisposition. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10566. [PMID: 26135620 PMCID: PMC4488885 DOI: 10.1038/srep10566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) displays strong but so far largely uncharacterized heritability. Here we studied genetic predisposition in a family with six affected individuals. We genotyped all available family members and conducted whole exome sequencing of blood DNA from two affected individuals. Haplotype analysis and other genetic criteria narrowed our list of candidates to a germline variant in the serine/arginine repetitive matrix 2 gene (SRRM2). This heterozygous variant, c.1037C > T (Ser346Phe or S346F; rs149019598) cosegregated with PTC in the family. It was not found in 138 other PTC families. It was found in 7/1,170 sporadic PTC cases and in 0/1,404 controls (p = 0.004). The encoded protein SRRM2 (also called SRm300) is part of the RNA splicing machinery. To evaluate the possibility that the S346F missense mutation affects alternative splicing, we compared RNA-Seq data in leukocytes from three mutation carriers and three controls. Significant differences in alternative splicing were identified for 1,642 exons, of which a subset of 7 exons was verified experimentally. The results confirmed a higher ratio of inclusion of exons in mutation carriers. These data suggest that the S346F mutation in SRRM2 predisposes to PTC by affecting alternative splicing of unidentified downstream target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerneja Tomsic
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Huiling He
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Keiko Akagi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sandya Liyanarachchi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Qun Pan
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Blake Bertani
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David E Symer
- 1] Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America [2] Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America [3] Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J Blencowe
- 1] Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada [2] Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Mancikova V, Cruz R, Inglada-Pérez L, Fernández-Rozadilla C, Landa I, Cameselle-Teijeiro J, Celeiro C, Pastor S, Velázquez A, Marcos R, Andía V, Álvarez-Escolá C, Meoro A, Schiavi F, Opocher G, Quintela I, Ansede-Bermejo J, Ruiz-Ponte C, Santisteban P, Robledo M, Carracedo A. Thyroid cancer GWAS identifies 10q26.12 and 6q14.1 as novel susceptibility loci and reveals genetic heterogeneity among populations. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1870-8. [PMID: 25855579 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most heritable cancer of all those not displaying typical Mendelian inheritance. However, most of the genetic factors that would explain the high heritability remain unknown. Our aim was to identify additional common genetic variants associated with susceptibility to this disease. In order to do so, we performed a genome-wide association study in a series of 398 cases and 502 controls from Spain, followed by a replication in four well-defined Southern European case-control collections contributing a total of 1,422 cases and 1,908 controls. The association between the variation at the 9q22 locus near FOXE1 and thyroid cancer risk was consistent across all series, with several SNPs identified (rs7028661: OR = 1.64, p = 1.0 × 10(-22) , rs7037324: OR = 1.54, p = 1.2 × 10(-17) ). Moreover, the rare alleles of three SNPs (rs2997312, rs10788123 and rs1254167) at 10q26.12 showed suggestive evidence of association with higher risk of the disease (OR = 1.35, p = 1.2 × 10(-04) , OR = 1.26, p = 5.2 × 10(-04) and OR = 1.38, p = 5.9 × 10(-05) , respectively). Finally, the rare allele of rs4075570 at 6q14.1 conferred protection in the series studied (OR = 0.82, p = 2.0 × 10(-04) ). This study suggests that heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility between populations is a key feature to take into account when exploring genetic risk factors related to this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Cruz
- Genomic Medicine Group, IDIS, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine-SERGAS, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.,ISCIII Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Inglada-Pérez
- CNIO, Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain.,ISCIII Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ceres Fernández-Rozadilla
- Genomic Medicine Group, IDIS, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine-SERGAS, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.,Molecular and Population Genetics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iñigo Landa
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - José Cameselle-Teijeiro
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Clinical University Hospital (SERGAS), University of Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Catuxa Celeiro
- Genomic Medicine Group, IDIS, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine-SERGAS, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, Clinical University Hospital (SERGAS), University of Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Susana Pastor
- Departament De Genètica I De Microbiologia, Grup De Mutagènesi, Unitat De Genètica, Facultat De Biociències, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ISCIII, CIBER Epidemiologia Y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Velázquez
- Departament De Genètica I De Microbiologia, Grup De Mutagènesi, Unitat De Genètica, Facultat De Biociències, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ISCIII, CIBER Epidemiologia Y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Departament De Genètica I De Microbiologia, Grup De Mutagènesi, Unitat De Genètica, Facultat De Biociències, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,ISCIII, CIBER Epidemiologia Y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Opocher
- Veneto Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Inés Quintela
- Spanish National Genotyping Center-University of Santiago De Compostela, Prb2-Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ansede-Bermejo
- Spanish National Genotyping Center-University of Santiago De Compostela, Prb2-Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Ruiz-Ponte
- Genomic Medicine Group, IDIS, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine-SERGAS, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.,ISCIII Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto De Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols,", Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- CNIO, Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Madrid, Spain.,ISCIII Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Genomic Medicine Group, IDIS, Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine-SERGAS, Santiago De Compostela, Spain.,ISCIII Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish National Genotyping Center-University of Santiago De Compostela, Prb2-Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the Fas gene are associated with papillary thyroid cancer. Auris Nasus Larynx 2015; 42:326-31. [PMID: 25824544 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fas is the prototypic representative of the death receptor subgroup of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Fas or Fas ligand (FasL) genes have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of several cancers and with the prognosis of several cancers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the SNPs of the Fas and FasL genes and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and to assess the relationship between these SNPs and the clinicopathological characteristics of PTC. METHODS Five SNPs located within the two genes of Fas and FasL were genotyped using direct sequencing in 94 patients with PTC and 364 healthy controls. Genetic data were analyzed using commercially available software. And, the statistical analyses were performed according to clinicopathologic characteristics of PTC. RESULTS Genotyping analysis demonstrated that the intron SNP (rs1571013), promoter SNP (rs1800682) and 3'-UTR SNP (rs1468063) of Fas were significantly associated with the development of PTC. We also detected a significant difference between patients with PTC and healthy controls with respect to Fas gene allele frequencies. Furthermore, we found that the 3'-UTR SNP (rs1468063) of Fas was associated with the multifocality of cancer [dominant model, OR 0.28, p=0.028; log-additive model, OR 0.43, p=0.033]. CONCLUSION We observed a significant association between SNPs of the Fas gene and the development of PTC. In addition, there was a significant association between a Fas SNP and the multifocality of PTC.
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Nagy R, Ringel MD. Genetic predisposition for nonmedullary thyroid cancer. HORMONES & CANCER 2015; 6:13-20. [PMID: 25338077 PMCID: PMC10355960 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-014-0205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonmedullary thyroid cancer (NMTC) can be sporadic or can occur as a component cancer as part of several well-described hereditary cancer syndromes. NMTC, particularly papillary thyroid cancer, also can occur by itself in families and is often termed familial NMTC or familial papillary thyroid cancer. The occurrence of NMTC in families, along with extensive population-based evidence from patients with sporadic thyroid cancer, together suggest that NMTC has a strong genetic component, only a small proportion of which has been characterized to date. Advances in genetic and genomic technology have rapidly advanced our understanding of the complex nature of NMTC susceptibility, although much remains to be explained. Herein, we describe the current state of knowledge, starting with a brief review of hereditary syndromic causes and moving on to describe recent data using modern genomic approaches to identifying genes involved in the predisposition to NMTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Nagy
- Divison of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard G. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard G. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 2001 Polaris Parkway, Columbus, OH 43240 USA
| | - Matthew D. Ringel
- Divison of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard G. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard G. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 1581 Dodd Drive; McCampbell Hall room 565, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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Zheng J, Li C, Wang C, Ai Z. Common genetic variant on 14q13.3 contributes to thyroid cancer susceptibility: evidence based on 12 studies. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 290:1125-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-014-0981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Endocrine tumors may present as sporadic events or as part of familial endocrine syndromes. Familial endocrine syndromes (or inherited tumor/neoplasm syndromes) are characterized by multiple tumors in multiple organs. Some morphologic findings in endocrine tumor histopathology may prompt the possibility of familial endocrine syndromes, and these recognized histologic features may lead to further molecular genetic evaluation of the patient and family members. Subsequent evaluation for these syndromes in asymptomatic patients and family members may then be performed by genetic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Sadow
- Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Vania Nosé
- Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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41
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Navas-Carrillo D, Ríos A, Rodríguez JM, Parrilla P, Orenes-Piñero E. Familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer: Screening, clinical, molecular and genetic findings. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:468-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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42
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Rowland KJ, Moley JF. Hereditary thyroid cancer syndromes and genetic testing. J Surg Oncol 2014; 111:51-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.23769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J. Rowland
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery; Barnes Jewish Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Jeffrey F. Moley
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery; Barnes Jewish Hospital, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
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Abstract
Thyroid nodules are common, and the accurate diagnosis of cancer or benign disease is important for the effective clinical management of patients. Molecular markers are a helpful diagnostic tool, particularly for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in developing molecular markers for clinical use in fine-needle aspiration specimens, including gene mutation panels and gene expression classifiers. With the availability of next generation sequencing technology, gene mutation panels can be expanded to interrogate multiple genes simultaneously and to provide yet more accurate diagnostic information. In addition, recently several new molecular markers of thyroid cancer have been identified that offer diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic information that might be of value in guiding individualized management of patients with thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Hsiao
- Division of Molecular and Genomic PathologyDepartment of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3477 Euler Way, Room 8031, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Yuri E Nikiforov
- Division of Molecular and Genomic PathologyDepartment of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3477 Euler Way, Room 8031, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Zhuang Y, Wu W, Liu H, Shen W. Common genetic variants on FOXE1 contributes to thyroid cancer susceptibility: evidence based on 16 studies. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6159-66. [PMID: 24744143 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified polymorphisms at chromosome 9q22.23 as a new thyroid cancer (TC) susceptibility locus in populations of European descent. Since then, the relationship between three common variations (rs965513, rs1867277, and rs71369530) of FOXE1 and TC has been reported in various ethnic groups; however, the results have been inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship as well as to quantify the between-study heterogeneity and potential bias, a meta-analysis including 120,258 individuals from 16 studies was performed. An overall random-effect per-allele odds ratio (OR) of 1.74 (95 % confidence interval (95 % CI), 1.62-1.86, P<10(-5)) and 1.62 (95 % CI, 1.50-1.76, P<10(-5)) was found for the rs965513 and rs1867277 polymorphisms, respectively. In addition, we also detected significant association of FOXE1 polyalanine tract (rs71369530) with TC risk (OR=2.01; 95 % CI, 1.66-2.44, P<10(-5)). Significant associations were also detected under dominant and recessive genetic models. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, significantly increased risks were found for the rs965513 polymorphism among Caucasians (OR=1.79; 95 % CI, 1.69-1.91, P<10(-5)) and Asians (OR=1.42; 95 % CI, 1.12-1.81, P=0.004). Ethnicity was identified as a potential source of between-study heterogeneity for rs965513. When stratified by sample size, study design, histological types of TC, and radiation exposure status, significantly increased risks were found for the rs965513 polymorphism. This meta-analysis demonstrated that the three common variations on FOXE1 is a risk factor associated with increased TC susceptibility, but these associations vary in different ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1158 East Gongyuan Road, Shanghai, 201700, People's Republic of China
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Wójcicka A, Czetwertyńska M, Świerniak M, Długosińska J, Maciąg M, Czajka A, Dymecka K, Kubiak A, Kot A, Płoski R, de la Chapelle A, Jażdżewski K. Variants in the ATM-CHEK2-BRCA1 axis determine genetic predisposition and clinical presentation of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:516-23. [PMID: 24599715 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of developing papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most frequent form of thyroid malignancy, is elevated up to 8.6-fold in first-degree relatives of PTC patients. The familial risk could be explained by high-penetrance mutations in yet unidentified genes, or polygenic action of low-penetrance alleles. Since the DNA-damaging exposure to ionizing radiation is a known risk factor for thyroid cancer, polymorphisms in DNA repair genes are likely to affect this risk. In a search for low-penetrance susceptibility alleles we employed Sequenom technology to genotype deleterious polymorphisms in ATM, CHEK2, and BRCA1 in 1,781 PTC patients and 2,081 healthy controls. As a result of the study, we identified CHEK2 rs17879961 (OR = 2.2, P = 2.37e-10) and BRCA1 rs16941 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16, P = 0.005) as risk alleles for PTC. The ATM rs1801516 variant modifies the risk associated with the BRCA1 variant by 0.78 (P = 0.02). Both the ATM and BRCA1 variants modify the impact of male gender on clinical variables: T status (P = 0.007), N status (P = 0.05), and stage (P = 0.035). Our findings implicate an important role of variants in the ATM- CHEK2- BRCA1 axis in modification of the genetic predisposition to PTC and its clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wójcicka
- Genomic Medicine, Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-091, Poland; Centre of New Technologies, CENT, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
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Pinto AE, Silva GL, Henrique R, Menezes FD, Teixeira MR, Leite V, Cavaco BM. Familial vs sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma: a matched-case comparative study showing similar clinical/prognostic behaviour. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 170:321-7. [PMID: 24272198 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer has been proposed as an aggressive clinical entity. Our aim in this study is to investigate potential distinguishing features as well as the biological and clinical aggressiveness of familial vs sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We assessed clinicopathological characteristics, outcome measures and DNA ploidy. DESIGN A matched-case comparative study. METHODS A series of patients with familial PTC (n=107) and two subgroups, one with three or more affected elements (n=32) and another including index cases only (n=61), were compared with patients with sporadic PTC (n=107), matched by age, gender, pTNM disease extension and approximate follow-up duration. Histological variant, extrathyroidal extension, vascular invasion, tumour multifocality and bilateral growth were evaluated. Ploidy pattern was analysed in available samples by DNA flow cytometry. The probabilities of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated according to the Kaplan-Meier (K-M) method. RESULTS No patient with familial PTC died of disease during follow-up (median, 72 months), contrarily to five patients (4.7%) (P=0.06) with sporadic PTC (median, 90 months). There was a significantly higher tumour multifocality in familial PTC (index cases subgroup) vs sporadic PTC (P=0.035), and a trend, in the familial PTC cohort with three or more affected elements, to show extrathyroidal extension (P=0.054) more frequently. No difference was observed in DNA ploidy status. The K-M analyses showed no significant differences between both entities in relation to DFS or OS. CONCLUSION Apart from multifocality, familial PTC appears to have similar clinical/prognostic behaviour when compared with sporadic forms of the disease.
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Clark OH. Controversies in familial thyroid cancer 2014. ULUSAL CERRAHI DERGISI 2014; 30:62-6. [PMID: 25931896 DOI: 10.5152/ucd.2014.125092014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the sixth most common cancer in women, and the majority of patients with thyroid cancer has sporadic disease. However, about 25% of patients with medullary thyroid cancer and 5% with papillary thyroid cancer have familial tumors. Currently, there are numerous controversies regarding the mode of inheritance, tumor behavior, extent of surgical resection for optimal results, coexisting thyroid pathology, risk of other cancers, and extent of postoperative treatment of patients with familial thyroid cancer. This review aimed to give insight to surgeons on this interesting topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlo H Clark
- Professor Emeritus of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, San Francisco, USA
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Liyanarachchi S, Wojcicka A, Li W, Czetwertynska M, Stachlewska E, Nagy R, Hoag K, Wen B, Ploski R, Ringel MD, Kozłowicz-Gudzinska I, Gierlikowski W, Jazdzewski K, He H, de la Chapelle A. Cumulative risk impact of five genetic variants associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2013; 23:1532-40. [PMID: 23659773 PMCID: PMC3868253 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs965513, rs944289, rs966423, rs2439302, and rs116909374) associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Each variant showed highly significant but moderate to low disease risk. Here we assessed the cumulative risk and predictive value of the five SNPs. METHODS We genotyped two cohorts of individuals, 747 PTC cases and 1047 controls from Ohio and 1795 PTC cases and 2090 controls from Poland. Cumulative genetic risk scores were calculated using unweighted and weighted approaches. RESULTS All five SNPs showed significant association with PTC. The average cumulative risk score in cases was significantly higher than in controls (p<2.2×10(-16)). Each additional risk allele increased the risk of having PTC by 1.51 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4, 1.64] in Ohio and by 1.35 [95% CI 1.27, 1.44] in Poland. An analysis was performed weighing risk alleles by effect size and assigning individuals to three weighted risk score groups, low (≤2), medium (2-5), and high (>5). Individuals in the high group were significantly more susceptible to PTC compared with individuals in the low group with an odds ratio of 8.7 [95% CI 5.8, 13.3] in Ohio and 4.24 [95% CI 3.10, 5.84] in Poland. Almost identical results were obtained when follicular variant PTCs and microPTCs were omitted. These five SNPs explained 11% of the familial risk of thyroid cancer in the Ohio cohort and 6% in the Polish cohort. CONCLUSION As the genetic risk score increases, the risk of having PTC increases. However, the predictive power of the cumulative effect of these five variants is only moderately high and clinical use may not be feasible until more variants are detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandya Liyanarachchi
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anna Wojcicka
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Genomic Medicine, Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wei Li
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Malgorzata Czetwertynska
- Genomic Medicine, Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Stachlewska
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rebecca Nagy
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kevin Hoag
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bernard Wen
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rafal Ploski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matthew D. Ringel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Izabella Kozłowicz-Gudzinska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Gierlikowski
- Genomic Medicine, Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krystian Jazdzewski
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Genomic Medicine, Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Huiling He
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Schneider DF, Chen H. New developments in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2013; 63:374-94. [PMID: 23797834 PMCID: PMC3800231 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer exists in several forms. Differentiated thyroid cancers include those with papillary and follicular histologies. These tumors exist along a spectrum of differentiation, and their incidence continues to climb. A number of advances in the diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancers now exist. These include molecular diagnostics and more advanced strategies for risk stratification. Medullary cancer arises from the parafollicular cells and not the follicular cells. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment differs from those of differentiated thyroid tumors. Genetic testing and newer adjuvant therapies have changed the diagnosis and treatment of medullary thyroid cancer. This review will focus on the epidemiology, diagnosis, workup, and treatment of both differentiated and medullary thyroid cancers, focusing specifically on newer developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Schneider
- Assistant Professor of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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50
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Bonora E, Rizzato C, Diquigiovanni C, Oudot-Mellakh T, Campa D, Vargiolu M, Guedj M, McKay JD, Romeo G, Canzian F, Lesueur F. TheFOXE1locus is a major genetic determinant for familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:2098-107. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bonora
- Unit of Medical Genetics Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Cosmeri Rizzato
- Genomic Epidemiology Group; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Chiara Diquigiovanni
- Unit of Medical Genetics Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | | | - Daniele Campa
- Genomic Epidemiology Group; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Manuela Vargiolu
- Health Sciences and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | | | - James D. McKay
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon; France
| | - Giovanni Romeo
- Unit of Medical Genetics Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon; France
- INSERM, U900, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05; France
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