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Chandra Deb L, Timsina A, Lenhart S, Foster D, Lanzas C. Quantifying trade-offs between therapeutic efficacy and resistance dissemination for enrofloxacin dose regimens in cattle. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20598. [PMID: 39232037 PMCID: PMC11374901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of antimicrobial drugs in food-producing animals contributes to the selection pressure on pathogenic and commensal bacteria to become resistant. This study aims to evaluate the existence of trade-offs between treatment effectiveness, cost, and the dynamics of resistance in gut commensal bacteria. We developed a within-host ordinary differential equation model to track the dynamics of antimicrobial drug concentrations and bacterial populations in the site of infection (lung) and the gut. The model was parameterized to represent enrofloxacin treatment for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) caused by Pastereulla multocida in cattle. Three approved enrofloxacin dosing regimens were compared for their effects on resistance on P. multocida and commensal E. coli: 12.5 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg as a single dose, and 5 mg/kg as three doses. Additionally, we explored non-FDA-approved regimes. Our results indicated that both 12.5 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg as a single dose scenario increased the most the treatment costs and prevalence of P. multocida resistance in the lungs, while 5 mg/kg as three doses increased resistance in commensal E. coli bacteria in the gut the most out of the approved scenarios. A proposed non-FDA-approved scenario (7.5 mg/kg, two doses 24 h apart) showed low economic costs, minimal P. multocida, and moderate effects on resistant E. coli. Overall, the scenarios that decrease P. multocida, including resistant P. multocida did not coincide with those that decrease resistant E. coli the most, suggesting a trade-off between both outcomes. The sensitivity analysis suggests that bacterial populations were the most sensitive to drug conversion factors into plasma ( β ), elimination of the drug from the colon ( ϑ ), fifty percent sensitive bacteria (P. multocida) killing effect ( L s50 ), fifty percent of bacteria (E. coli) above ECOFF killing effect ( C r50 ), and net drug transfer rate in the lung ( γ ) parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liton Chandra Deb
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Archana Timsina
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Suzanne Lenhart
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Derek Foster
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Cristina Lanzas
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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2
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Chandra Deb L, Timsina A, Lenhart S, Foster D, Lanzas C. Quantifying trade-offs between therapeutic efficacy and resistance dissemination for enrofloxacin dose regimens in cattle. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4166888. [PMID: 38659948 PMCID: PMC11042421 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4166888/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The use of antimicrobial drugs in food-producing animals increases the selection pressure on pathogenic and commensal bacteria to become resistant. This study aims to evaluate the existence of trade-offs between treatment effectiveness, cost, and the dissemination of resistance in gut commensal bacteria. We developed a within-host ordinary differential equation model to track the dynamics of antimicrobial drug concentrations and bacterial populations in the site of infection (lung) and the gut. The model was parameterized to represent enrofloxacin treatment for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) caused by Pastereulla multocida in cattle. Three approved enrofloxacin dosing regimens were compared for their effects on resistance on P. multocida and commensal E. coli: 12.5 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg as a single dose, and 5 mg/kg as three doses. Additionally, we explored non-approved regimes. Our results indicated that both 12.5 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg as a single dose scenario increased the most the treatment costs and prevalence of P. multocida resistance in the lungs, while 5 mg/kg as three doses increased resistance in commensal E. coli bacteria in the gut the most out of the approved scenarios. A proposed scenario (7.5 mg/kg, two doses 24 hours apart) showed low economic costs, minimal P. multocida, and moderate effects on resistant E. coli. Overall, the scenarios that decrease P. multocida, including resistant P. multocida did not coincide with the scenarios that decrease resistant E. coli the most, suggesting a trade-off between both outcomes. The sensitivity analysis indicates that bacterial populations were the most sensitive to drug conversion factors into plasma (β), elimination of the drug from the colon (υ), fifty percent sensitive bacteria (P. multocida) killing effect (Ls50), fifty percent of bacteria (E. coli) above ECOFF killing effect (Cr50), and net drug transfer rate in the lung (γ) parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liton Chandra Deb
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Archana Timsina
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne Lenhart
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Derek Foster
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Cristina Lanzas
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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3
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Zheng HH, Yu C, Tang XY, Du CT, Xie GH. Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance Analysis of Canine Oral and Intestinal Escherichia coli Resistant to Colistin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13428. [PMID: 37686243 PMCID: PMC10488236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli has gradually developed into a global problem. These resistant bacteria could be transmitted to humans through animal feces in the environment or direct contact with pets, leading to a problem in bacterial treatment for humans and animals. Now, the antibiotic resistance of oral and intestinal microbiota from dog origins remains unclear in China. Therefore, this study first analyzed the current colistin resistance of oral and intestinal microbiota from dog origins in mainland China. A total of 536 samples were collected from dogs in mainland China and, respectively, cultured on the SS and MacConkey agar plate containing colistin (4 μg/mL) to obtain bacteria, and the antibiotic-resistance phenotype of Escherichia coli was investigated for nine antibiotics. Results showed that a total of 2259 colistin-resistant bacteria were isolated from samples and identified, and among them, the isolated rate of Escherichia coli (34.01%, 769/2259) was relatively higher than that of other bacteria. Subsequently, it was found that the resistance of these Escherichia coli was very severe by exploring its resistance to different antibiotics, particularly to three common antibiotics in a clinic which were ceftriaxone, ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, with the resistance rates of 60.60% (466/769), 57.22% (440/769), and 53.06% (408/769), respectively. Moreover, the simultaneous resistance of Escherichia coli to one or more antibiotics was determined, and 69.96% (538/769) strains have defined the resistance to both two or more antibiotics, and even 13 of Escherichia coli strains that were resistant to all nine antibiotics, indicating that the Escherichia coli from dog origins has severe antibiotic resistance in the clinic. In conclusion, this study guided the use of antibiotics and could draw attention to antibiotic resistance in veterinary clinical treatment for animals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin’an District, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xin-Yue Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chong-Tao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Guang-Hong Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Raut R, Maharjan P, Fouladkhah AC. Practical Preventive Considerations for Reducing the Public Health Burden of Poultry-Related Salmonellosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6654. [PMID: 37681794 PMCID: PMC10487474 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
With poultry products as one of the leading reservoirs for the pathogen, in a typical year in the United States, it is estimated that over one million individuals contract non-typhoidal Salmonella infections. Foodborne outbreaks associated with Salmonella infections in poultry, thus, continue to remain a significant risk to public health. Moreover, the further emergence of antimicrobial resistance among various serovars of Salmonella is an additional public health concern. Feeding-based strategies (such as use of prebiotics, probiotics, and/or phytobiotics as well as essential oils), non-feeding-based strategies (such as use of bacteriophages, vaccinations, and in ovo strategies), omics tools and surveillance for identifying antibiotic-resistance genes, post-harvest application of antimicrobials, and biosecurity measures at poultry facilities are practical interventions that could reduce the public health burden of salmonellosis and antibiotic resistance associated with poultry products. With the escalating consumption of poultry products around the globe, the fate, prevalence, and transmission of Salmonella in agricultural settings and various poultry-processing facilities are major public health challenges demanding integrated control measures throughout the food chain. Implementation of practical preventive measures discussed in the current study could appreciably reduce the public health burden of foodborne salmonellosis associated with poultry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabin Raut
- Cooperative Extension Program, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Pramir Maharjan
- Cooperative Extension Program, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
| | - Aliyar Cyrus Fouladkhah
- Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
- Public Health Microbiology FoundationSM, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
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Sani AA, Rafiq K, Hossain MT, Akter F, Haque A, Hasan MI, Sachi S, Mustari A, Islam MZ, Alam MM. Screening and quantification of antibiotic residues in poultry products and feed in selected areas of Bangladesh. Vet World 2023; 16:1747-1754. [PMID: 37766715 PMCID: PMC10521182 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1747-1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Antibiotic residues in livestock farming have been identified as a potential cause of antimicrobial resistance in humans and animals. This study aimed to determine whether antibiotic residues were present in the chicken meat, eggs, feces, and feed collected from all four districts in the Mymensingh division of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods To detect antibiotic residues in the collected samples, qualitative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used. A total of 230 samples were analyzed for antibiotic residues of commonly used 11 antibiotics. Out of these, 40 meat and 40 feces samples were collected from broilers and layers, 30 egg samples from ducks and layers, and 120 feed samples from broilers and layers from the study area. Thin-layer chromatography was used to screen the presence of antibiotic residues; TLC-positive samples were then subjected to further HPLC analysis to determine the residue concentrations. Results Thin-layer chromatography analysis revealed that 23.5% of the tested samples contained residues from six different antibiotic classes (tetracyclines, quinolones, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and macrolides). Thin-layer chromatography analysis showed that 35% and 25% of the meat samples were positive for residues from the broiler and layer, respectively. About 15% and 30% of layer and duck egg samples had positive residues, respectively. Out of 120 feed samples analyzed, about 15.8% had various antibiotic residues. In addition, feces samples from broilers and layers had 50% and 35% antibiotic residues, respectively. A total of 2.5% meat and 3.3% egg samples had antibiotic residues above the maximum residue limit (MRL). Based on the findings of this study, the highest percentage of oxytetracycline, followed by doxycycline and ciprofloxacin, were detected in feed samples, and oxytetracycline was detected in meat and egg samples. Conclusion This study clearly showed the misuse of antibiotics in the poultry sector in Bangladesh. Although antibiotic residues below the MRL level are suitable for human consumption, they may result in antimicrobial drug resistance to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminatu Abubakar Sani
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kazi Rafiq
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tarek Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Akter
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Izmal Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Sabbya Sachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Afrina Mustari
- Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Zahorul Islam
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mahbub Alam
- Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Kipper D, Mascitti AK, De Carli S, Carneiro AM, Streck AF, Fonseca ASK, Ikuta N, Lunge VR. Emergence, Dissemination and Antimicrobial Resistance of the Main Poultry-Associated Salmonella Serovars in Brazil. Vet Sci 2022; 9:405. [PMID: 36006320 PMCID: PMC9415136 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infects poultry, and it is also a human foodborne pathogen. This bacterial genus is classified into several serovars/lineages, some of them showing high antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The ease of Salmonella transmission in farms, slaughterhouses, and eggs industries has made controlling it a real challenge in the poultry-production chains. This review describes the emergence, dissemination, and AMR of the main Salmonella serovars and lineages detected in Brazilian poultry. It is reported that few serovars emerged and have been more widely disseminated in breeders, broilers, and layers in the last 70 years. Salmonella Gallinarum was the first to spread on the farms, remaining as a concerning poultry pathogen. Salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis were also largely detected in poultry and foods (eggs, chicken, turkey), being associated with several human foodborne outbreaks. Salmonella Heidelberg and Minnesota have been more widely spread in recent years, resulting in frequent chicken/turkey meat contamination. A few more serovars (Infantis, Newport, Hadar, Senftenberg, Schwarzengrund, and Mbandaka, among others) were also detected, but less frequently and usually in specific poultry-production regions. AMR has been identified in most isolates, highlighting multi-drug resistance in specific poultry lineages from the serovars Typhimurium, Heidelberg, and Minnesota. Epidemiological studies are necessary to trace and control this pathogen in Brazilian commercial poultry production chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diéssy Kipper
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (D.K.); (A.K.M.); (A.M.C.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Andréa Karoline Mascitti
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (D.K.); (A.K.M.); (A.M.C.); (A.F.S.)
| | - Silvia De Carli
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-350, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;
| | - Andressa Matos Carneiro
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (D.K.); (A.K.M.); (A.M.C.); (A.F.S.)
| | - André Felipe Streck
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (D.K.); (A.K.M.); (A.M.C.); (A.F.S.)
| | | | - Nilo Ikuta
- Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha 94940-030, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (A.S.K.F.); (N.I.)
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul 95070-560, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (D.K.); (A.K.M.); (A.M.C.); (A.F.S.)
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas 92425-350, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;
- Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha 94940-030, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (A.S.K.F.); (N.I.)
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Weng R, Gu Y, Zhang W, Hou X, Wang H, Tao J, Deng M, Zhou M, Zhao Y. Whole-Genome Sequencing Provides Insight Into Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characteristics of Salmonella From Livestock Meat and Diarrhea Patient in Hanzhong, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:899024. [PMID: 35756010 PMCID: PMC9219581 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.899024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a major zoonotic pathogen, which usually contaminates food resulting in salmonellosis in humans. Exploring the characteristics and origins of Salmonella is essential in formulating prevention and control measures for Salmonella infection. We used slide agglutination, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing to analyze and compare Salmonella’s phenotype, genotyping diversity, and genetic relatedness from livestock meat and diarrhea patients in Hanzhong, China, from 2018 to 2020. Totally 216 Salmonella enterica isolates were screened from frozen whole chicken carcasses (44.3%, 70/158), frozen raw ground pork (36.2%, 59/163), and diarrhea patients (4.4%, 87/1964). Salmonella Typhimurium was the dominant serotype. Notably, compared with other sources, isolates obtained from frozen whole chicken carcasses showed significant resistance to third-generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolones (p < 0.05). All strains were assigned into 36 sequence types (STs) and two novel STs, and an excellent consistency was observed between ST and serotype. Genomic data revealed that extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes were responsible for third-generation cephalosporin resistance in 52 Salmonella strains, and the most predominant resistance determinant was blaCTX–M. Furthermore, of the 60 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, five single-base mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions were identified in gyrA or parC, and the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene aac(6’)Ib-cr was most often detected. The cgMLST clusters show that five clusters among four serotypes (including S. Typhimurium, S. London, S. Derby, and S. Agona) cover samples from diarrhea patients and livestock meat pathway isolate, indicating a possibility of cross-host transmission. In conclusion, the livestock meat isolates have a higher level of resistance than diarrhea patients’ isolates and could be an essential source of human Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Weng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, China.,Department of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yihai Gu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, China
| | - Xuan Hou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, China
| | - Junqi Tao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, China
| | - Minghui Deng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, China
| | - Mengrong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, China
| | - Yifei Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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8
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Ali I, Ali S. Why May COVID-19 Overwhelm Low-Income Countries Like Pakistan? Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 16:316-320. [PMID: 32907694 PMCID: PMC7674821 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the coronavirus disease 2019, called COVID-19, has overwhelmed the high-income countries with ample resources and established health-care system, we argue that there are plausible concerns why it may devastate the low-income countries like Pakistan. Focusing on Pakistan, we highlight the underlying reasons, eg, demographic features, ineffective health-care system, economic and political inequalities, corruption, and socio-cultural characteristics, that create fertile grounds for COVID-19 to overwhelm low-income countries. This study presents Pakistan's brief profile to demonstrate these underlying structures that may make low-income countries like Pakistan more vulnerable in the face of an unceasing COVID-19 pandemic. The study concludes that the country may make appropriate and possibly effective short-term preparedness measures to halt or slow the transmission of the virus, and deal with its current implications as well as it may pay significant attention to long-term measures to deal effectively with COVID-19's longer-term effects. These measures will help them, including Pakistan, to deal appropriately with a similar future critical event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inayat Ali
- Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahbaz Ali
- Department of Anthropology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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9
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Microbiological characteristics of fish reared in purified wastewater from an abattoir. VETERINARSKI GLASNIK 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/vetgl220921015p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater from abattoirs in some countries is disposed of into water bodies
without adequate removal of contaminants. Therefore, the use of wastewater
in fish production could pose a serious risk for humans, fish and other
aquatic organisms due to possible transfer of pathogenic bacteria in aquatic
culture environments. The aims of the present study were to assess the
levels of individual microorganisms in different tissues of common carp and
to determine any correlation with the season of sampling and the type of
analysed sample in common carp reared in an integrated production system
that used purified water from an abattoir. A fish pond was filled mostly
with purified water from an abattoir, but also partly with well water. Carp
fingerlings were stocked in the earthen fishpond in March and reared in
ambient conditions. Fish were collected in the spring and autumn of the
following year and the microbiological quality was assessed. Carp fillets
with skin, gills and digestive tract samples were collected individually
under aseptic conditions. All analyses were performed according to standard
procedures. The levels of all the examined bacteria in the fish were under
prescribed hygiene norms. Also, Listeria spp., sulphite-reducing clostridia
and Staphylococcus aureus were not found in the samples. Furthermore,
pathogenic bacteria, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were not isolated
from the samples. The hygienic quality of the fish produced in purified
waste water from an abattoir was acceptable, and the common carp meat was
safe for human consumption.
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10
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Naidi SN, Khan F, Tan AL, Harunsani MH, Kim YM, Khan MM. Green synthesis of CeO 2 and Zr/Sn-dual doped CeO 2 nanoparticles with photoantioxidant and antibiofilm activities. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4854-4869. [PMID: 33908451 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cerium oxide (CeO2) and 1%, 5% and 10% zirconium/tin-dual doped CeO2 nanoparticles (Zr/Sn-dual doped CeO2 NPs) were synthesized using an aqueous leaf extract of Pometia pinnata. By using UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, the band gap energies of these materials were found to be in the range of ∼2.49 to 2.66 eV. The average crystallite sizes of the fluorite phase obtained from X-ray diffraction were between 7 and 16 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis further confirmed the synthesis of CeO2 and Sn-doped CeO2 NPs. Almost spherical shapes of the nanomaterials with an average particle size of 12-17 nm were determined using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies. Photoantioxidant activities of the synthesized materials showed enhanced photoantioxidant response under visible light irradiation in comparison with those under dark conditions in both dose- and time-dependent manner. The CeO2 NPs exhibited a significant concentration-dependent antibiofilm activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). Only the 10% Zr/Sn-dual doped-CeO2 NPs were found to inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation at higher concentrations. All Zr/Sn-dual doped CeO2 NPs exhibited a concentration-dependent biofilm inhibition of L. monocytogenes and also bactericidal activity towards S. aureus. These nanomaterials exhibited enhanced photoantioxidant activities and antibacterial properties, which make them suitable for various biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Najihah Naidi
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Ai Ling Tan
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Mohammad Hilni Harunsani
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea and Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Mansoob Khan
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam.
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11
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Khan F, Park SK, Bamunuarachchi NI, Oh D, Kim YM. Caffeine-loaded gold nanoparticles: antibiofilm and anti-persister activities against pathogenic bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3717-3731. [PMID: 33900427 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The formation of biofilms by bacterial pathogens and the presence of persister cells in biofilms have become major concerns in the health sector, owing to their antibiotic resistance and tolerance. The transformation of bacterial pathogens into persister cells, either stochastically or due to stressful environmental factors, results in recalcitrant and recurring infections. Here, we sought to prepare gold nanoparticles from naturally occurring caffeine and explore their inhibitory action against biofilm formation and persister cells. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, field emission transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction, and dynamic light scattering were used to characterize the gold nanoparticles obtained from caffeine (Caff-AuNPs). The Caff-AuNPs were found to exhibit a number of properties, including the ability to prevent biofilm formation, disperse mature biofilms, and kill different types of persister of gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) pathogenic bacteria. Microscopic analysis of the aforementioned bacterial cells, treated with Caff-AuNPs, revealed the bactericidal effect of Caff-AuNPs, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Collectively, the Caff-AuNPs synthesized in this study may be used as potential drugs to combat chronic infections caused by biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria. KEY POINTS: • Biofilm and persister cells are clinically relevant, as they either prolong or completely resist antibiotic treatments. • Caffeine is used in the green synthesis of Caff-AuNPs, which have antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. • Caff-AuNPs are effective against various pathogenic bacterial persister cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Park
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | | | - DoKyung Oh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea. .,Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea. .,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea.
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12
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Phoon BL, Ong CC, Mohamed Saheed MS, Show PL, Chang JS, Ling TC, Lam SS, Juan JC. Conventional and emerging technologies for removal of antibiotics from wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:122961. [PMID: 32947727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and pharmaceuticals related products are used to enhance public health and quality of life. The wastewater that is produced from pharmaceutical industries still contains noticeable amount of antibiotics, and this has remained one of the major environmental problems facing public health. The conventional wastewater remediation approach employed by the pharmaceutical industries for the antibiotics wastewater removal is unable to remove the antibiotics completely. Besides, municipal and livestock wastewater also contain unmetabolized antibiotics released by human and animal, respectively. The antibiotic found in wastewater leads to antibiotic resistance challenges, also emergence of superbugs. Currently, numerous technological approaches have been developed to remove antibiotics from the wastewater. Therefore, it was imperative to critically review the weakness and strength of these current advanced technological approaches in use. Besides, the conventional methods for removal of antibiotics such as Klavaroti et al., Homem and Santos also discussed. Although, membrane treatment is discovered as the ultimate choice of approach, to completely remove the antibiotics, while the filtered antibiotics are still retained on the membrane. This study found, hybrid processes to be the best solution antibiotics removal from wastewater. Nevertheless, real-time monitoring system is also recommended to ascertain that, wastewater is cleared of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Lee Phoon
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Level 3 Block A, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Cheen Ong
- Department of Fundamental & Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Shuaib Mohamed Saheed
- Department of Fundamental & Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Centre of Innovative Nanostructures & Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Pau-Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Center for Nanotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP) & Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (Bio-D Tropika), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Joon Ching Juan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Level 3 Block A, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Science, Monash University, Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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13
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Hedman HD, Vasco KA, Zhang L. A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Farming within Low-Resource Settings. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1264. [PMID: 32722312 PMCID: PMC7460429 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence, spread, and persistence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remain a pressing global health issue. Animal husbandry, in particular poultry, makes up a substantial portion of the global antimicrobial use. Despite the growing body of research evaluating the AMR within industrial farming systems, there is a gap in understanding the emergence of bacterial resistance originating from poultry within resource-limited environments. As countries continue to transition from low- to middle income countries (LMICs), there will be an increased demand for quality sources of animal protein. Further promotion of intensive poultry farming could address issues of food security, but it may also increase risks of AMR exposure to poultry, other domestic animals, wildlife, and human populations. Given that intensively raised poultry can function as animal reservoirs for AMR, surveillance is needed to evaluate the impacts on humans, other animals, and the environment. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of poultry production within low-resource settings in order to inform future small-scale poultry farming development. Future research is needed in order to understand the full extent of the epidemiology and ecology of AMR in poultry within low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden D. Hedman
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Karla A. Vasco
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (K.A.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (K.A.V.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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14
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Review on Major Food-Borne Zoonotic Bacterial Pathogens. J Trop Med 2020; 2020:4674235. [PMID: 32684938 PMCID: PMC7341400 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4674235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-borne microorganisms are major pathogens affecting food safety and cause human illness worldwide as a result of consumption of foodstuff, mainly animal products contaminated with vegetative pathogens or their toxins. Most of these microbes have zoonotic importance resulting in significant impact on both public health and economic sectors. Bacteria are the causative agents of two-thirds of human food-borne diseases worldwide with high burden in developing countries. Hence, the objectives of this review paper are to highlight the background of food-borne bacterial pathogens and to review common major food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens. Food animals are the major reservoirs of many food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens, and food products of animal origin are the main vehicles of transmission. Meat, dairy products, and eggs are the main ways by which people are exposed to zoonotic bacteria. S. aureus, Salmonella species, Campylobacter species, L. monocytogenes, and E. coli are the major zoonotic bacterial pathogens which are the causative agents of food-borne illness and death in the world associated with consumption of contaminated animal products. Production of toxins and structural virulent factors are responsible for the pathogenesis of these bacteria. These major zoonotic bacteria cause human infections which are characterized mainly by gastrointestinal symptoms including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and other agent-specific symptoms. Some bacteria may cause severe complications. Conventional (culturing), serological, and molecular techniques are important for detection of these common zoonotic bacteria and their toxins in food. Good hygiene, GMP, sanitation in operating procedures, and implementation of standardized HACCP and pasteurization procedures are effective methods for the control and prevention. Currently, the emergence of multidrug-resistant zoonotic bacteria associated with consumption of contaminated animal products is a great concern for the public health, and there should be coordinated surveillance and monitoring system for food-borne zoonotic bacterial pathogens particularly in developing countries including Ethiopia.
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Chang J, Wang T, Wang P, Yin Q, Liu C, Zhu Q, Lu F, Gao T. Compound probiotics alleviating aflatoxin B 1 and zearalenone toxic effects on broiler production performance and gut microbiota. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110420. [PMID: 32151861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to alleviate toxic effects of aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEA) on broiler production performance and gut microbiota, three kinds of compound probiotics (CP) were selected. The optimal ratios of Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei and Candida utilis in broiler diets were 7, 5 and 6 log CFU/g for ZEA biodegradation (CP1); 6, 7 and 7 log CFU/g for AFB1 biodegradation (CP2); 7, 6 and 7 log CFU/g for ZEA + AFB1 biodegradation (CP3). A total of 350 1-day-old Ross broilers were randomly divided into 7 groups. Group A was the basal diet, group B-G contained ZEA, AFB1, ZEA + AFB1, ZEA + CP1, AFB1+CP2, ZEA + AFB1+CP3, respectively. The experiment showed that AFB1 or AFB1+ZEA significantly decreased broiler production performance, damaged liver and jejunum, increased mycotoxin residues in broiler body; however, three kinds of compound probiotics additions could alleviate mycotoxin negative effects on the above parameters (p < 0.05). The gut microbiota analysis indicated that AFB1+ZEA increased jejunal microbial richness, but which were decreased to almost the same level as the control group by CP3 addition. CP3 addition significantly increased jejunal Firmicutes and Lactobacillus aviarius abundances. The correlative analysis showed that gut Lactobacillus aviarius abundance was positively correlated with average daily gain (ADG) of broilers (p < 0.05), while AFB1+ZEA addition decreased its relative abundance, indicating that CP3 addition increased broiler growth by increasing Lactobacillus aviarius abundance. AFB1 and ZEA residues in broiler body were negatively correlated with the gut beneficial bacterial abundances (p < 0.01), but positively correlated with the potentially harmful bacterial abundances (p < 0.05), which inferred that CP3 addition could decrease mycotoxin residues through positively regulating gut relative bacterial abundances. In conclusion, compound probiotics could keep gut microbiota stable, degrade mycotoxins, alleviate histological lesions, increase production performance and reduce mycotoxin toxicity for broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Qingqiang Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Chaoqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Qun Zhu
- Henan Delin Biological Product Co., Ltd., Xinxiang, 453000, China.
| | - Fushan Lu
- Henan Puai Feed Co., Ltd., Zhoukou, 466000, China.
| | - Tianzeng Gao
- Henan Guangan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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16
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Hingston P, Johnson K, Kitts D, Wang S. Safety and Quality of Fish and Game Meats Prepared by First Nations Communities in British Columbia, Canada. J Food Prot 2020; 83:896-901. [PMID: 32032422 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-19-492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Canadian First Nations communities rely on traditional preservation methods such as the smoking, drying, and canning of fish and game meats to ensure long-term food security. Unlike commercial food production, there are no recognized official standards for these methods, rendering their efficacy in producing microbiologically safe foods relatively unknown. In this study, 81 fresh or processed fish and game samples obtained from four British Columbia First Nations communities were analyzed for quality indicator microbes, foodborne pathogens, and mineral levels. Aerobic counts, coliforms (CC), Escherichia coli (EC), lactic acid bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (STA), and yeast and molds (YM) were enumerated using the TEMPO, whereas the presence of E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella were detected using the VIDAS immunoassay system. The opportunistic pathogens Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were additionally detected using culture methods with subsequent PCR confirmation, and minerals (Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Na, and Zn) were detected using mass spectrometry. With the exception of STA, microbial loads were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in processed fish and meat samples compared with unprocessed samples, and game samples contained higher microbial levels than fish; however, differences were only significant (P < 0.05) for coliforms, E. coli, and STA. E. coli O157:H7 was detected in one smoked moose sample, and E. faecalis and E. faecium were isolated from 21 and 2 samples, respectively. Although smoked samples contained significantly higher Na levels, they were effective in reducing microbial levels. These results indicate that current food preservation methods practiced by British Columbia First Nations communities are infrequently effective at reducing microbial populations, and in many cases, resulted in increased microbial loads. More efforts should be made to improve the dissemination of safe food handling and processing knowledge to ensure long-term food security and well-being. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Hingston
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2468-2483 [S.W.])
| | - Keely Johnson
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2468-2483 [S.W.])
| | - David Kitts
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2468-2483 [S.W.])
| | - Siyun Wang
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2468-2483 [S.W.])
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17
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Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistance Detected in Environmental and Clinical Isolates from Historical Data for the US. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4254530. [PMID: 32351993 PMCID: PMC7174961 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4254530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become an urgent public health issue, as pathogens are becoming increasingly resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. While AMR isolate data are available in the NCBI Pathogen Detection Isolates Browser (NPDIB) database, few researches have been performed to compare antimicrobial resistance detected in environmental and clinical isolates. To address this, this work conducted the first multivariate statistical analysis of antimicrobial-resistance pathogens detected in NPDIB clinical and environmental isolates for the US from 2013 to 2018. The highly occurring AMR genes and pathogens were identified for both clinical and environmental settings, and the historical profiles of those genes and pathogens were then compared for the two settings. It was found that Salmonella enterica and E. coli and Shigella were the highly occurring AMR pathogens for both settings. Additionally, the genes fosA, oqxB, ble, floR, fosA7, mcr-9.1, aadA1, aadA2, ant(2")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, blaTEM-1, qacEdelta1, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B) were mostly detected for both clinical and environmental settings. Ampicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, tetracycline, and cefoxitin were the antimicrobials which got the most resistance in both settings. The historical profiles of these genes, pathogens, and antimicrobials indicated that higher occurrence frequencies generally took place earlier in the environmental setting than in the clinical setting.
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18
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Aljindan RY, Alkharsah KR. Pattern of increased antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in the Eastern Province of KSA. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:48-53. [PMID: 32110182 PMCID: PMC7033400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella species is increasing worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella species in a tertiary hospital from 2011 to 2018. METHODS In this retrospective study, the medical records of all patients with Salmonella infections were reviewed. The clinical, demographic, and microbiological data of the selected patients were analysed. RESULTS A total of 752 patients were included. The resistance of Salmonella species to antimicrobial drugs increased from 24.6% in 2011 to 37.8% in 2018 (p = 0.002). By 2018 all Salmonella isolates were completely resistant to cefalotin, cefuroxime, and cefoxitin, while we found some susceptibility to other cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin. The most commonly isolated Salmonella serogroups were groups D (36.5%), C (23.5%), and B (11.7%). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of resistance of Salmonella to antibiotics is on the rise. The results of this study highlight the need for an active monitoring system of antibiotic usage in humans and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Y. Aljindan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam, KSA
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19
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Kim BS, Kim H, Kang SS. In vitro anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of lactic acid bacteria-biotransformed mulberry (Morus alba Linnaeus) fruit extract against Salmonella Typhimurium. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Oh E, Andrews KJ, McMullen LM, Jeon B. Tolerance to stress conditions associated with food safety in Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from retail raw chicken. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11915. [PMID: 31417115 PMCID: PMC6695378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a microaerophilic foodborne pathogen that is sensitive to stress conditions. However, it is not yet understood how this stress-sensitive pathogen may cause a significant number of cases of human gastroenteritis worldwide. In this study, we examined stress tolerance in 70 C. jejuni strains isolated from retail chicken under several stress conditions related to food safety. Compared to oxygen-sensitive (OS) strains of C. jejuni, C. jejuni strains with increased aerotolerance, such as hyper-aerotolerant (HAT) and aerotolerant (AT) strains, were more tolerant to peracetic acid, refrigeration and freeze-thaw stresses. However, the levels of thermotolerance and hyper-osmotolerance were not associated with the aerotolerance level of C. jejuni. The HAT and AT strains of C. jejuni exhibited significantly increased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD), compared to the OS strains. Consistently, the HAT and AT strains were highly tolerant to oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide and menadione, compared to the OS strains. The AT and HAT strains that were tolerant to stresses, particularly peracetic acid and refrigeration, predominantly belonged to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) clonal complex (CC)-21. This study shows that oxidative stress resistance plays a role in determining the differential level of aerotolerance in C. jejuni and that AT and HAT strains of C. jejuni are more tolerant to oxidants and low temperatures than OS strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euna Oh
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katelyn J Andrews
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lynn M McMullen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
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21
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Maung AT, Mohammadi TN, Nakashima S, Liu P, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from chicken meat in Fukuoka, Japan. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 304:49-57. [PMID: 31154111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the antimicrobial resistance profiles of L. monocytogenes isolated from chicken meat in Fukuoka in 2017 were compared with the isolates of 2012. A total of 85 and 50 chicken meat samples, including different body parts, were collected from different supermarkets in Fukuoka in 2012 and 2017, respectively. Detection, isolation, identification, and characterization of L. monocytogenes were performed according to the conventional methods. Forty-five among 85 samples (53%) were positive for L. monocytogenes in 2012, while 12 among 50 samples in 2017 (24%) tested positive. One hundred fifty-three and 29 L. monocytogenes strains were isolated in 2012 and 2017, respectively. The serotypes of isolates in 2012 were 1/2a (21.5%), 1/2b (73.9%), 1/2c (1.5%), and 4b/4e (3.1%). In contrast, the 2017 isolates showed 1/2a (48.3%) and 1/2b (51.7%) serotypes. While all isolates in 2012 were positive for hlyA (listeriolysin O) in the PCR assay with hlyA primer set 7, only 17 hlyA positive isolates were seen in 2017. Moreover, 75 isolates with different ribotypes in 2012 and 29 isolates in 2017, respectively, were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by broth microdilution for 18 different antimicrobial agents. Most of the 2012 and 2017 isolates displayed antimicrobial susceptibility. However, among the 2012 and 2017 isolates, 98.7% and 100% of the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin, 57.3% and 95.7% to fosfomycin, 72.0% and 82.6% to oxacillin, 8.0% and 17.4% to clindamycin, respectively. In addition, 2.7% of the isolates in 2012 were resistant to flomoxef and 4.3% of the isolates in 2017 to linezolid. Multidrug resistance (MDR) to 3 or more antimicrobials was observed in 35/75 (46.7%) isolates of 2012 and 19/23 (82.6%) in 2017. Detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes by PCR showed that the resistant isolates of 2012 were positive for mecA (96.3%) and ermC (83.3%), whereas the resistant isolates in 2017 screened positive for mecA (94.7%) and mefA (25.0%). Other cfxA, ermA, ermB, fosA, fosB, and fosC genes were absent in the PCR assay for any of the isolates. This study investigated for the first time the change in the L. monocytogenes contamination of chicken meat and antibiotic resistance of the isolated L. monocytogenes strains in Fukuoka, Japan, in the course of 5 years. Although the contamination rate of L. monocytogenes in 2017 was found to be lower than that in 2012, AMR of the isolates in 2017 was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aye Thida Maung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Department of Animal Science, University of Veterinary Science, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Tahir Noor Mohammadi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Satoko Nakashima
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honjoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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22
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Zhu A, Zhi W, Qiu Y, Wei L, Tian J, Pan Z, Kang X, Gu W, Duan L. Surveillance study of the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in pork from open markets in Xuzhou, China. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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White JK, Nielsen JL, Madsen AM. Microbial species and biodiversity in settling dust within and between pig farms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:558-567. [PMID: 30771719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The airborne fungal and bacterial species present in pig farm dust have not been well characterised even though these bioaerosols are known to cause inflammation and other airway maladies. In this study, the microbial species and composition in airborne dust within and between pig farms were investigated. Passively sedimenting dust from six pig farms were collected using electrostatic dust collectors. The bacterial and fungal species were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and next generation sequencing (NGS). Dust samples taken within the same stable section revealed high resemblance and stability. Constrained statistical analysis of the microbial community compositions indicated that the types of stable did not appear to have a great effect on the bacterial and fungal β-diversity. In contrast to this, the farm from which samples were taken appeared to have the greatest effect on the bacterial β-diversity, but this trend was not observed for the fungal β-diversity. The most common bacteria and fungi according to NGS data were anaerobes typically associated with the pig intestinal tract and yeasts respectively. Bacterial sedimentation varied at a rate between 103 and 109 CFU/m2/day, with the most common species after aerobic incubation being Aerococcus viridans and Staphylococcus equorum, while Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus simulans were the most common species after anaerobic incubation. A total of 28 different species of bacteria and fungi were classifiable as pathogens. In conclusion, the biodiversity in pig farm dust shows a high diversity of bacterial species. However, samples from the same stable section resembled each other, but also different sections within the same farm also resembled each other, thus indicating a high degree of community stability in the dust source. In regards to fungal identification, the biodiversity was observed to be similar between samples from different stable sections and farms, indicating a higher degree of similarities in the mycobiomes found across pig farms studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kerr White
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark; The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Anne Mette Madsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Jones SL, Ricke SC, Keith Roper D, Gibson KE. Swabbing the surface: critical factors in environmental monitoring and a path towards standardization and improvement. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:225-243. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1521369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Jones
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - D. Keith Roper
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kristen E. Gibson
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Reddy S, Zishiri OT. Genetic characterisation of virulence genes associated with adherence, invasion and cytotoxicity in Campylobacter spp. isolated from commercial chickens and human clinical cases. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2018; 85:e1-e9. [PMID: 29781670 PMCID: PMC6238761 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v85i1.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Virulence-associated genes have been recognised and detected in Campylobacter species. The majority of them have been proven to be associated with pathogenicity. This study aimed to detect the presence of virulence genes associated with pathogenicity and responsible for invasion, expression of adherence, colonisation and production of the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Commercial chicken faecal samples were randomly sampled from chicken farms within the Durban metropolitan area in South Africa. Furthermore, human clinical Campylobacter spp. isolates were randomly sampled from a private pathology laboratory in South Africa. Out of a total of 100 chicken faecal samples, 78% (n = 78) were positive for Campylobacter growth on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate and from the random laboratory collection of 100 human clinical isolates, 83% (n = 83) demonstrated positive Campylobacter spp. growth following culturing methods. These samples were screened for the presence of the following virulence genes: cadF, hipO, asp, ciaB, dnaJ, pldA, cdtA, cdtB and cdtC. As expected, the cadF gene was present in 100% of poultry (n = 78) and human clinical isolates (n = 83). Campylobacter jejuni was the main species detected in both poultry and human clinical isolates, whilst C. coli were detected at a significantly lower percentage (p < 0.05). Eight per cent of the C. jejuni from human clinical isolates had all virulence genes that were investigated. Only one C. coli isolate demonstrated the presence of all the virulence genes investigated; however, the pldA virulence gene was detected in 100% of the C. coli isolates in poultry and a high percentage (71%) in human clinical C. coli isolates as well. The detection of cdt genes was found at higher frequency in poultry than human clinical isolates. The high prevalence rates of virulence genes detected in poultry and human clinical isolates demonstrate their significance in the pathogenicity of Campylobacter species.
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Akinyemi KO, Ajoseh SO, Iwalokun BA, Oyefolu AOB, Fakorede CO, Abegunrin RO, Adunmo O. Antimicrobial Resistance and Plasmid Profiles of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovars from Different Sources in Lagos, Nigeria. Health (London) 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2018.106058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Cartes C, Isla A, Lagos F, Castro D, Muñoz M, Yañez A, Haussmann D, Figueroa J. Search and analysis of genes involved in antibiotic resistance in Chilean strains of Piscirickettsia salmonis. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:1025-1039. [PMID: 27982445 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Piscirickettsia salmonis is the pathogen causing Piscirickettsiosis. For treatment, the industry mainly uses oxytetracycline and florfenicol, so it is essential to understand the degree of susceptibility of this pathogen to these drugs. But this is still unknown for a large number of P. salmonis strains, as are the molecular mechanisms responsible for greater or lesser susceptibility. However, genes that confer resistance to these antimicrobials have been reported and characterized for this and other bacterial species, among which are membrane proteins that take out the drug. Our results identified differences in the degree of susceptibility to both antibiotics among different Chilean isolated of these bacteria. We analysed 10 available genomes in our laboratory and identified ~140 genes likely to be involved in antibiotic resistance. We analysed six specific genes, which suggests that some of them would eventually be relevant in conferring resistance to both antibiotics, as they encode for specific transporter proteins, which increase the number of transcripts when grown in media with these antibiotics. Our results were corroborated with EtBr permeability analysis, which revealed that the LF-89 strain accumulates this compound and has a reduced capacity to expulse it compared with the field strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cartes
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- FONDAP Centre: Interdisciplinary Centre for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), O'Higgins, Concepcion, Chile
| | - A Isla
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- FONDAP Centre: Interdisciplinary Centre for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), O'Higgins, Concepcion, Chile
| | - F Lagos
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- FONDAP Centre: Interdisciplinary Centre for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), O'Higgins, Concepcion, Chile
| | - D Castro
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- FONDAP Centre: Interdisciplinary Centre for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), O'Higgins, Concepcion, Chile
| | - M Muñoz
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- FONDAP Centre: Interdisciplinary Centre for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), O'Higgins, Concepcion, Chile
| | - A Yañez
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- FONDAP Centre: Interdisciplinary Centre for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), O'Higgins, Concepcion, Chile
| | - D Haussmann
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- FONDAP Centre: Interdisciplinary Centre for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), O'Higgins, Concepcion, Chile
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Santo Tomás, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J Figueroa
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- FONDAP Centre: Interdisciplinary Centre for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), O'Higgins, Concepcion, Chile
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Blondeau JM. Antimicrobial resistance & 'Man's best friend': what they give to us we might be giving right back. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:549-553. [PMID: 28604102 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Blondeau
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital & the Saskatoon Health Region & Departments of Microbiology & Immunology, Pathology & Ophthalmology, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
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Meryem G, Zehor G, Fares A, Sadjia M, Amina H. Campylobacter in sheep, calves and broiler chickens in the central region of Algeria: Phenotypic and antimicrobial resistance profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2016.8238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Loop-to-helix transition in the structure of multidrug regulator AcrR at the entrance of the drug-binding cavity. J Struct Biol 2016; 194:18-28. [PMID: 26796657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug transcription regulator AcrR from Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 belongs to the tetracycline repressor family, one of the largest groups of bacterial transcription factors. The crystal structure of dimeric AcrR was determined and refined to 1.56Å resolution. The tertiary and quaternary structures of AcrR are similar to those of its homologs. The multidrug binding site was identified based on structural alignment with homologous proteins and has a di(hydroxyethyl)ether molecule bound. Residues from helices α4 and α7 shape the entry into this binding site. The structure of AcrR reveals that the extended helical conformation of helix α4 is stabilized by the hydrogen bond between Glu67 (helix α4) and Gln130 (helix α7). Based on the structural comparison with the closest homolog structure, the Escherichia coli AcrR, we propose that this hydrogen bond is responsible for control of the loop-to-helix transition within helix α4. This local conformational switch of helix α4 may be a key step in accessing the multidrug binding site and securing ligands at the binding site. Solution small-molecule binding studies suggest that AcrR binds ligands with their core chemical structure resembling the tetracyclic ring of cholesterol.
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31
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Ashraf SH, Azza SMA, Afaf MEE, Magdy AB, Seham AI. Prevalence of some food poisoning bacteria in local and imported retail pork by-products in Egyptian markets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2015.7552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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32
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Donado-Godoy P, Castellanos R, León M, Arevalo A, Clavijo V, Bernal J, León D, Tafur MA, Byrne BA, Smith WA, Perez-Gutierrez E. The Establishment of the Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (COIPARS): A Pilot Project on Poultry Farms, Slaughterhouses and Retail Market. Zoonoses Public Health 2015; 62 Suppl 1:58-69. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Donado-Godoy
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria; Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria; Cundinamarca Colombia
| | - R. Castellanos
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria; Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria; Cundinamarca Colombia
| | - M. León
- Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario; Bogotá DC Colombia
| | - A. Arevalo
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria; Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria; Cundinamarca Colombia
| | - V. Clavijo
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria; Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria; Cundinamarca Colombia
| | - J. Bernal
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria; Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria; Cundinamarca Colombia
| | - D. León
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria; Centro de Biotecnología y Bioindustria; Cundinamarca Colombia
| | - M. A. Tafur
- Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario; Bogotá DC Colombia
| | - B. A. Byrne
- School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - W. A. Smith
- School of Veterinary Medicine; University of California; Davis CA USA
| | - E. Perez-Gutierrez
- Pan American Health Organization; Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization; Washington DC USA
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33
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Dechet AM, Herman KM, Chen Parker C, Taormina P, Johanson J, Tauxe RV, Mahon BE. Outbreaks caused by sprouts, United States, 1998-2010: lessons learned and solutions needed. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 11:635-44. [PMID: 25076040 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After a series of outbreaks associated with sprouts in the mid-1990s, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published guidelines in 1999 for sprouts producers to reduce the risk of contamination. The recommendations included treating seeds with an antimicrobial agent such as calcium hypochlorite solution and testing spent irrigation water for pathogens. From 1998 through 2010, 33 outbreaks from seed and bean sprouts were documented in the United States, affecting 1330 reported persons. Twenty-eight outbreaks were caused by Salmonella, four by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and one by Listeria. In 15 of the 18 outbreaks with information available, growers had not followed key FDA guidelines. In three outbreaks, however, the implicated sprouts were produced by firms that appeared to have implemented key FDA guidelines. Although seed chlorination, if consistently applied, reduces pathogen burden on sprouts, it does not eliminate the risk of human infection. Further seed and sprouts disinfection technologies, some recently developed, will be needed to enhance sprouts safety and reduce human disease. Improved seed production practices could also decrease pathogen burden but, because seeds are a globally distributed commodity, will require international cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Dechet
- 1 Medical Education, Portland Providence Medical Center , Portland, Oregon
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Andino A, Hanning I. Salmonella enterica: survival, colonization, and virulence differences among serovars. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:520179. [PMID: 25664339 PMCID: PMC4310208 DOI: 10.1155/2015/520179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Data indicate that prevalence of specific serovars of Salmonella enterica in human foodborne illness is not correlated with their prevalence in feed. Given that feed is a suboptimal environment for S. enterica, it appears that survival in poultry feed may be an independent factor unrelated to virulence of specific serovars of Salmonella. Additionally, S. enterica serovars appear to have different host specificity and the ability to cause disease in those hosts is also serovar dependent. These differences among the serovars may be related to gene presence or absence and expression levels of those genes. With a better understanding of serovar specificity, mitigation methods can be implemented to control Salmonella at preharvest and postharvest levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Andino
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, 2605 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - I. Hanning
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, 2605 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Effect of bacteriophage on the susceptibility, motility, invasion, and survival of Salmonella Typhimurium exposed to the simulated intestinal conditions. Arch Microbiol 2014; 196:201-8. [PMID: 24500522 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-0959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of bacteriophage P22 on the susceptibility, swimming motility, invasion gene expression, invasive ability, and intracellular survival of Salmonella Typhimurium exposed to the simulated intestinal conditions. S. Typhimurium cells were inoculated at 37 °C for 4 h in the simulated intestinal conditions with or without bacteriophage P22, including control (0 % bile salts, pH 7.2), SN (0 % bile salts, pH 5.0), SL (0.5 % bile salts, pH 5.0), SH (2.0 % bile salts, pH 5.0), SNp (0 % bile salts + P22, pH 5.0), SLp (0.5 % bile salts + P22, pH 5.0), and SHp (2.0 % bile salts + P22, pH 5.0). The numbers of Typhimurium cells were significantly reduced by 3.30, 3.56, and 3.75 log units, respectively, at SNp, SLp, and SHp. Considerable reduction in the swimming motility was observed at SNp (23 %), SLp (22 %), and SHp (20 %). The transcriptional regulator genes, hilA, hilC, hilD, invA, invE, and invF, were significantly down-regulated with SHp, showing 4.07-fold, 2.87-fold, 3.43-fold, 2.07-fold, 1.44-fold, and 4.83-fold, respectively. The decrease in invasive ability was most significant at SHp (45 %), followed by SLp (49 %). These results suggest that bacteriophage P22 can be used as an alternative to control Salmonella invasion of epithelial cells.
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Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use associated with laboratory-confirmed cases of Campylobacter infection in two health units in Ontario. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2014; 24:e16-21. [PMID: 24421795 DOI: 10.1155/2013/176494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM A population-based study was conducted over a two-year period in the Perth District (PD) and Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph (WDG) health units in Ontario to document antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use associated with clinical cases of laboratory-confirmed campylobacteriosis. METHODS Etest (bioMérieux SA, France) was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin (CIP), clindamycin, erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline. Data regarding antimicrobial use were collected from 250 cases. RESULTS Of the 250 cases, 165 (65.7%) reported staying home or being hospitalized due to campylobacteriosis. Fifty-four per cent of cases (135 of 249) reported taking antimicrobials to treat campylobacteriosis. In 115 cases (51.1%), fecal culture results were not used for treatment decisions because they were not available before the initiation of antimicrobial treatment and/or they were not available before the cessation of symptoms. Of the 250 cases, 124 (49.6%) had available Campylobacter isolates, of which 66 (53.2%) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobials tested. No resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol or gentamicin was found in these isolates. Six isolates (4.8%) were resistant to CIP. Two isolates (1.6%) were resistant to ERY; however, no isolates were resistant to both CIP and ERY. CONCLUSION Prudent use practices should be promoted among physicians to reduce the use of antimicrobials for the treatment of gastroenteritis in general and campylobacteriosis in particular, as well as to minimize the future development of resistance to these antimicrobials in Campylobacter species.
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DECKERT AE, REID-SMITH RJ, TAMBLYN S, MORRELL L, SELISKE P, JAMIESON FB, IRWIN R, DEWEY CE, BOERLIN P, McEWEN SA. Burden of illness and factors associated with duration of illness in clinical campylobacteriosis. Epidemiol Infect 2013; 141:2536-46. [PMID: 23472612 PMCID: PMC9151380 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268813000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A population-based study investigated the burden of illness, including the duration of illness associated with laboratory-confirmed cases of campylobacteriosis in two health unit areas. Questionnaire data were collected for 250 cases. The median duration of illness was 8 days and 66% of cases reported symptoms of moderate severity or greater. A Cox proportional hazards model identified antimicrobial use factors associated with a significantly increased rate of symptom resolution (shorter duration of illness): macrolides for less than the recommended number of days, ciprofloxacin for at least 3 days, and antimicrobials not recommended for campylobacteriosis. The impact of antimicrobial use was consistent regardless of when, during the course of illness, the antimicrobial use began. The effectiveness of ciprofloxacin in these results may be due to the low prevalence of resistance to ciprofloxacin in isolates from this study. The effect of antimicrobials not recommended for campylobacteriosis should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. E. DECKERT
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - R. J. REID-SMITH
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. TAMBLYN
- Public Health Consultant, Stratford, Ontario, Canada
| | - L. MORRELL
- Perth District Health Unit, Stratford, Ontario, Canada
| | - P. SELISKE
- Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph District Health Unit, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - R. IRWIN
- Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. E. DEWEY
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - P. BOERLIN
- Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. A. McEWEN
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Elhadi N, Aljindan R, Aljeldah M. Prevalence of nontyphoidal Salmonella serogroups and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in a university teaching hospital in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Infect Drug Resist 2013; 6:199-205. [PMID: 24285925 PMCID: PMC3840818 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s51184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) species are important food-borne pathogens that cause gastroenteritis and bacteremia, and are responsible for a huge global burden of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalent serogroups and antibiotic resistance of NTS in our region. METHODS We reviewed the serogroup distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of NTS strains obtained from 158 stool specimens of patients with acute diarrheal infection attending the outpatient and inpatient department at a university hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia in the period from September, 2008 to April, 2011. A retrospective analysis of the 158 patients with NTS infection was conducted to determine the most prevalent NTS serogroups causing acute gastroenteritis and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. RESULTS At this teaching hospital, a total of 17,436 fecal samples were analyzed during the 2008-2011 study period. Of these specimens, 158 tested positive for NTS, giving an overall prevalence of 9.06 per 1,000. Of 158 NTS cases, serogroup D1 (25.3%) was the most prevalent, followed by serogroup B (19.6%), and serogroup C1 (18.9). One third of all NTS serogroup strains tested were resistant to tetracycline. The NTS strains showed resistance to ampicillin (31.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (29.9%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (20.9%), and cefotaxime (14.93%). CONCLUSION The findings of this study support the concern that use of antibiotics in animal feeds may contribute to acquisition of resistance in food-borne bacteria, such as Salmonella. Our study also concludes that the prevalence of NTS in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia is very low compared with other studies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreldin Elhadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Aljindan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aljeldah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Epidemiological analysis of Salmonella isolates recovered from food animals and humans in eastern China. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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Zuo P, Li X, Dominguez DC, Ye BC. A PDMS/paper/glass hybrid microfluidic biochip integrated with aptamer-functionalized graphene oxide nano-biosensors for one-step multiplexed pathogen detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3921-8. [PMID: 23929394 PMCID: PMC3913183 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Infectious pathogens often cause serious public health concerns throughout the world. There is an increasing demand for simple, rapid and sensitive approaches for multiplexed pathogen detection. In this paper we have developed a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/paper/glass hybrid microfluidic system integrated with aptamer-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) nano-biosensors for simple, one-step, multiplexed pathogen detection. The paper substrate used in this hybrid microfluidic system facilitated the integration of aptamer biosensors on the microfluidic biochip, and avoided complicated surface treatment and aptamer probe immobilization in a PDMS or glass-only microfluidic system. Lactobacillus acidophilus was used as a bacterium model to develop the microfluidic platform with a detection limit of 11.0 cfu mL(-1). We have also successfully extended this method to the simultaneous detection of two infectious pathogens - Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica. This method is simple and fast. The one-step 'turn on' pathogen assay in a ready-to-use microfluidic device only takes ~10 min to complete on the biochip. Furthermore, this microfluidic device has great potential in rapid detection of a wide variety of different other bacterial and viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA.
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McCarthy G, Lawlor PG, Gutierrez M, Gardiner GE. Assessing the biosafety risks of pig manure for use as a feedstock for composting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 463-464:712-719. [PMID: 23850661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to assess the biosafety risks of pig manure for use as a feedstock for composting. Salmonella was detected in the manure from half of the 30 pig farms sampled, with 52% of isolates recovered identified as multi-drug resistant S. Typhimurium. The highest prevalence (60%) was found on Salmonella category 2 and 3 farms i.e. those with medium and high Salmonella seroprevalence, respectively, although this was not statistically significant. Escherichia coli counts were, however, significantly higher in manure from Salmonella category 3 farms. Manure separation may be useful as a means of reducing/eliminating pathogens from manure prior to composting, as manure solids generated using a decanter centrifuge had lower E. coli and Enterococcus counts than manure. These findings should be taken into consideration when selecting pig manure for use as a feedstock for compost or other marketable manure by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- G McCarthy
- Department of Chemical & Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland; Teagasc Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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Roess AA, Winch PJ, Ali NA, Akhter A, Afroz D, El Arifeen S, Darmstadt GL, Baqui AH. Animal husbandry practices in rural Bangladesh: potential risk factors for antimicrobial drug resistance and emerging diseases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013; 89:965-70. [PMID: 24062478 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial drug administration to household livestock may put humans and animals at risk for acquisition of antimicrobial drug-resistant pathogens. To describe animal husbandry practices, including animal healthcare-seeking and antimicrobial drug use in rural Bangladesh, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with key informants, including female household members (n = 79), village doctors (n = 10), and pharmaceutical representatives, veterinarians, and government officials (n = 27), and performed observations at animal health clinics (n = 3). Prevalent animal husbandry practices that may put persons at risk for acquisition of pathogens included shared housing and water for animals and humans, antimicrobial drug use for humans and animals, and crowding. Household members reported seeking human and animal healthcare from unlicensed village doctors rather than formal-sector healthcare providers and cited cost and convenience as reasons. Five times more per household was spent on animal than on human healthcare. Strengthening animal and human disease surveillance systems should be continued. Interventions are recommended to provide vulnerable populations with a means of protecting their livelihood and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Roess
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; International Center for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Wu WH, Matthews KR. Susceptibility of aged guinea pigs to repeated daily challenge with Listeria monocytogenes. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:284-9. [PMID: 23489051 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggests that certain groups such as the elderly are more susceptible to listeriosis than the general population. Repeated exposure to low levels of Listeria monocytogenes may increase the probability of infection. Increased susceptibility to infection in the elderly has been attributed in part to reduced activity of T cells. We investigated the impact of consecutive daily intragastric challenge with L. monocytogenes on the development of listeriosis within an aged guinea pig population. Approximately 63% of animals became infected following oral L. monocytogenes challenge with 10(4) CFU daily for 3 days, based on recovery of the pathogen from the liver or spleen. At day 4 postchallenge, 100% of animals were infected based on recovery of the bacterium in spleen and liver, decreasing to 14% by day 6 and then steadily increasing to 83% by day 13. During the 13-day postchallenge period, in the blood, numbers of total CD3(+) T cells decreased significantly; CD8(+) T-cell population underwent two shifts; CD4(+) T-cell population decreased and then increased. The results suggest that listerial infection can occur following repeated daily exposure to low levels of L. monocytogenes and that during infection, CD3(+) T-cell immune response may be depressed, potentially increasing susceptibility to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
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Assessment of efflux-mediated antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Cantas L, Shah SQA, Cavaco LM, Manaia CM, Walsh F, Popowska M, Garelick H, Bürgmann H, Sørum H. A brief multi-disciplinary review on antimicrobial resistance in medicine and its linkage to the global environmental microbiota. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:96. [PMID: 23675371 PMCID: PMC3653125 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery and introduction of antimicrobial agents to clinical medicine was one of the greatest medical triumphs of the 20th century that revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the gradual emergence of populations of antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic bacteria resulting from use, misuse, and abuse of antimicrobials has today become a major global health concern. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes have been suggested to originate from environmental bacteria, as clinically relevant resistance genes have been detected on the chromosome of environmental bacteria. As only a few new antimicrobials have been developed in the last decade, the further evolution of resistance poses a serious threat to public health. Urgent measures are required not only to minimize the use of antimicrobials for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes but also to look for alternative strategies for the control of bacterial infections. This review examines the global picture of antimicrobial resistance, factors that favor its spread, strategies, and limitations for its control and the need for continuous training of all stake-holders i.e., medical, veterinary, public health, and other relevant professionals as well as human consumers, in the appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cantas
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science Oslo, Norway
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Kilonzo-Nthenge A, Rotich E, Godwin S, Nahashon S, Chen F. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii isolated from domestic kitchens in middle Tennessee, United States. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1512-7. [PMID: 22856579 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that has been implicated in cases of severe meningitis, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature and full-term infants. In this study, the prevalence of C. sakazakii was estimated in selected domestic kitchens in middle Tennessee. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of these C. sakazakii isolates were examined for points of public health significance. A total of 234 contact sites in 78 domestic kitchens were tested for C. sakazakii. Consumers' used dishcloths and cleaning sponges were also tested. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the identified C. sakazakii isolates was determined for 10 antimicrobial drugs by means of the disk diffusion method. C. sakazakii was recovered from 26.9% of domestic kitchens visited. Multidrug resistance was observed; the highest resistance was to penicillin (76.1% of isolates) followed by tetracycline (66.6%), ciprofloxacin (57.1%), and nalidixic acid (47.6%). None of the C. sakazakii isolates were resistant to gentamicin. These results suggest that antibiotic-resistant C. sakazakii could be present at various sites in domestic kitchens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kilonzo-Nthenge
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37209-1561, USA.
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Viswanathan S, Rani C, Ho JAA. Electrochemical immunosensor for multiplexed detection of food-borne pathogens using nanocrystal bioconjugates and MWCNT screen-printed electrode. Talanta 2012; 94:315-9. [PMID: 22608454 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial food poisoning is an ever-present threat that can be prevented with proper care and handling of food products. A disposable electrochemical immunosensor for the simultaneous measurements of common food pathogenic bacteria namely Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli), campylobacter and salmonella were developed. The immunosensor was fabricated by immobilizing the mixture of anti-E. coli, anti-campylobacter and anti-salmonella antibodies with a ratio of 1:1:1 on the surface of the multiwall carbon nanotube-polyallylamine modified screen printed electrode (MWCNT-PAH/SPE). Bacteria suspension became attached to the immobilized antibodies when the immunosensor was incubated in liquid samples. The sandwich immunoassay was performed with three antibodies conjugated with specific nanocrystal (α-E. coli-CdS, α-campylobacter-PbS and α-salmonella-CuS) which has releasable metal ions for electrochemical measurements. The square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was employed to measure released metal ions from bound antibody nanocrystal conjugates. The calibration curves for three selected bacteria were found in the range of 1×10(3)-5×10(5) cells mL(-1) with the limit of detection (LOD) 400 cells mL(-1) for salmonella, 400 cells mL(-1) for campylobacter and 800 cells mL(-1) for E. coli. The precision and sensitivity of this method show the feasibility of multiplexed determination of bacteria in milk samples.
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LIU P, MIZUE H, FUJIHARA K, KOBAYASHI H, KAMIKADO H, TANAKA T, HONJOH KI, MIYAMOTO T. A New Rapid Real-Time PCR Method for Detection of Listeria monocytogenes Targeting the hlyA Gene. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.18.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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50
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Luvsansharav UO, Hirai I, Niki M, Sasaki T, Makimoto K, Komalamisra C, Maipanich W, Kusolsuk T, Sa-Nguankiat S, Pubampen S, Yamamoto Y. Analysis of risk factors for a high prevalence of extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in asymptomatic individuals in rural Thailand. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:619-624. [PMID: 21292857 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.026955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of and risk factors associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing micro-organisms have not been well studied in healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to determine this in healthy individuals in Thailand. Stool samples and questionnaires obtained from 445 participants from three provinces in Thailand were analysed. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using phenotypic and genotypic methods. PCR analysis was performed to detect and group the bla(CTX-M) genes. The prevalence of CTX-M-type ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the three provinces was as follows: 29.3 % in Nan (43/147), 29.9 % in Nakhon Si Thammarat (43/144) and 50.6 % in Kanchanaburi (78/154) (P<0.001). Of the 445 samples, 33 (7.4 %), 1 (0.2 %) and 127 (28.5 %) isolates belonged to the bla(CTX-M) gene groups I, III and IV, respectively. Escherichia coli was the predominant member of the Enterobacteriaceae producing CTX-M-type ESBLs (40/43, 39/43 and 70/78 isolates in Nan, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Kanchanaburi, respectively). No statistically significant association was observed between the presence of ESBL-producing bacteria and gender, age, education, food habits or antibiotic usage. However, the provinces that had the highest prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae also had the highest prevalence of use and purchase of antibiotics without a prescription. Thus, this study revealed that faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae is very high in asymptomatic individuals in Thailand, with some variations among the provinces. This high prevalence may be linked to antibiotic abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Itaru Hirai
- International Center for Medical Research and Treatment, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Bioinformatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marie Niki
- Department of Bioinformatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Sasaki
- Department of Bioinformatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Makimoto
- Department of Nursing, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chalit Komalamisra
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanna Maipanich
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teera Kusolsuk
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surapol Sa-Nguankiat
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchit Pubampen
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yoshimasa Yamamoto
- International Center for Medical Research and Treatment, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Bioinformatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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