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Cozzi M, Magri S, Tedesco B, Patelli G, Ferrari V, Casarotto E, Chierichetti M, Pramaggiore P, Cornaggia L, Piccolella M, Galbiati M, Rusmini P, Crippa V, Mandrioli J, Pareyson D, Pisciotta C, D'Arrigo S, Ratti A, Nanetti L, Mariotti C, Sarto E, Pensato V, Gellera C, Di Bella D, Cristofani RM, Taroni F, Poletti A. Altered molecular and cellular mechanisms in KIF5A-associated neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental disorders. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:692. [PMID: 39333504 PMCID: PMC11437142 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-07096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Mutations targeting distinct domains of the neuron-specific kinesin KIF5A associate with different neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental disorders, but the molecular bases of this clinical heterogeneity are unknown. We characterised five key mutants covering the whole spectrum of KIF5A-related phenotypes: spastic paraplegia (SPG, R17Q and R280C), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT, R864*), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, N999Vfs*40), and neonatal intractable myoclonus (NEIMY, C975Vfs*73) KIF5A mutants. CMT-R864*-KIF5A and ALS-N999Vfs*40-KIF5A showed impaired autoinhibition and peripheral localisation accompanied by altered mitochondrial distribution, suggesting transport competence disruption. ALS-N999Vfs*40-KIF5A formed SQSTM1/p62-positive inclusions sequestering WT-KIF5A, indicating a gain of toxic function. SPG-R17Q-KIF5A and ALS-N999Vfs*40-KIF5A evidenced a shorter half-life compared to WT-KIF5A, and proteasomal blockage determined their accumulation into detergent-insoluble inclusions. Interestingly, SPG-R280C-KIF5A and ALS-N999Vfs*40-KIF5A both competed for degradation with proteasomal substrates. Finally, NEIMY-C975Vfs*73-KIF5A displayed a similar, but more severe aberrant behaviour compared to ALS-N999Vfs*40-KIF5A; these two mutants share an abnormal tail but cause disorders on the opposite end of KIF5A-linked phenotypic spectrum. Thus, our observations support the pathogenicity of novel KIF5A mutants, highlight abnormalities of recurrent variants, and demonstrate that both unique and shared mechanisms underpin KIF5A-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cozzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Magri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Patelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Pramaggiore
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cornaggia
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Centre for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology (CfNN), 41125, Modena, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41126, Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Unit of Rare Neurological Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pisciotta
- Unit of Rare Neurological Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Department of Pediatric Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20054, Segrate, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience - Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095, Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nanetti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Mariotti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Sarto
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Pensato
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Bella
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo M Cristofani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti" (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Fortier M, Cauhapé M, Buono S, Becker J, Menuet A, Branchu J, Ricca I, Mero S, Dorgham K, El Hachimi KH, Dobrenis K, Colsch B, Samaroo D, Devaux M, Durr A, Stevanin G, Santorelli FM, Colombo S, Cowling B, Darios F. Decreasing ganglioside synthesis delays motor and cognitive symptom onset in Spg11 knockout mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106564. [PMID: 38876323 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Biallelic variants in the SPG11 gene account for the most common form of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by motor and cognitive impairment, with currently no therapeutic option. We previously observed in a Spg11 knockout mouse that neurodegeneration is associated with accumulation of gangliosides in lysosomes. To test whether a substrate reduction therapy could be a therapeutic option, we downregulated the key enzyme involved in ganglioside biosynthesis using an AAV-PHP.eB viral vector expressing a miRNA targeting St3gal5. Downregulation of St3gal5 in Spg11 knockout mice prevented the accumulation of gangliosides, delayed the onset of motor and cognitive symptoms, and prevented the upregulation of serum levels of neurofilament light chain, a biomarker widely used in neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, similar results were observed when Spg11 knockout mice were administrated venglustat, a pharmacological inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase expected to decrease ganglioside synthesis. Downregulation of St3gal5 or venglustat administration in Spg11 knockout mice strongly decreased the formation of axonal spheroids, previously associated with impaired trafficking. Venglustat had similar effect on cultured human SPG11 neurons. In conclusion, this work identifies the first disease-modifying therapeutic strategy in SPG11, and provides data supporting its relevance for therapeutic testing in SPG11 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Fortier
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Margaux Cauhapé
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Suzie Buono
- Dynacure SA (now Flamingo Therapeutics NV), Illkirch, France
| | - Julien Becker
- Dynacure SA (now Flamingo Therapeutics NV), Illkirch, France
| | - Alexia Menuet
- Dynacure SA (now Flamingo Therapeutics NV), Illkirch, France
| | - Julien Branchu
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Ivana Ricca
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Mero
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses-Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Khalid-Hamid El Hachimi
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Kostantin Dobrenis
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Benoit Colsch
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, MetaboHUB, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Dominic Samaroo
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Morgan Devaux
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, NRGen Team, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Sophie Colombo
- Dynacure SA (now Flamingo Therapeutics NV), Illkirch, France
| | - Belinda Cowling
- Dynacure SA (now Flamingo Therapeutics NV), Illkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Darios
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute (ICM Institut du Cerveau), INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
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Luan T, Li Q, Huang Z, Feng Y, Xu D, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Wang T. Axonopathy Underlying Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Unraveling Complex Pathways and Therapeutic Insights. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01267-2. [PMID: 39097850 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive axonopathy, jointly leading to the dying back of the motor neuron, disrupting both nerve signaling and motor control. In this review, we highlight the roles of axonopathy in ALS progression, driven by the interplay of multiple factors including defective trafficking machinery, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dysfunctional intracellular transport, caused by disruptions in microtubules, molecular motors, and adaptors, has been identified as a key contributor to disease progression. Aberrant protein aggregation involving TDP-43, FUS, SOD1, and dipeptide repeat proteins further amplifies neuronal toxicity. Mitochondrial defects lead to ATP depletion, oxidative stress, and Ca2+ imbalance, which are regarded as key factors underlying the loss of neuromuscular junctions and axonopathy. Mitigating these defects through interventions including neurotrophic treatments offers therapeutic potential. Collaborative research efforts aim to unravel ALS complexities, opening avenues for holistic interventions that target diverse pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongshu Luan
- The Brain Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Qing Li
- The Brain Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- The Brain Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yu Feng
- The Brain Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Duo Xu
- The Brain Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- The Brain Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- The Brain Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Tong Wang
- The Brain Center, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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4
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Wang L, Bu T, Wu X, Li L, Sun F, Cheng CY. Motor proteins, spermatogenesis and testis function. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 141:381-445. [PMID: 38960481 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The role of motor proteins in supporting intracellular transports of vesicles and organelles in mammalian cells has been known for decades. On the other hand, the function of motor proteins that support spermatogenesis is also well established since the deletion of motor protein genes leads to subfertility and/or infertility. Furthermore, mutations and genetic variations of motor protein genes affect fertility in men, but also a wide range of developmental defects in humans including multiple organs besides the testis. In this review, we seek to provide a summary of microtubule and actin-dependent motor proteins based on earlier and recent findings in the field. Since these two cytoskeletons are polarized structures, different motor proteins are being used to transport cargoes to different ends of these cytoskeletons. However, their involvement in germ cell transport across the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules remains relatively unknown. It is based on recent findings in the field, we have provided a hypothetical model by which motor proteins are being used to support germ cell transport across the BTB and the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. In our discussion, we have highlighted the areas of research that deserve attention to bridge the gap of research in relating the function of motor proteins to spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tiao Bu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Linxi Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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5
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van Asperen JV, Kotaich F, Caillol D, Bomont P. Neurofilaments: Novel findings and future challenges. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 87:102326. [PMID: 38401181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Neurofilaments (NFs) are abundant cytoskeletal proteins that emerge as a critical hub for cell signalling within neurons. As we start to uncover essential roles of NFs in regulating microtubule and organelle dynamics, nerve conduction and neurotransmission, novel discoveries are expected to arise in genetics, with NFs identified as causal genes for various neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss how the latest advances in fundamental and translational research illuminate our understanding of NF biology, particularly their assembly, organisation, transport and degradation. We will emphasise the notion that filaments are not one entity and that future challenges will be to apprehend their diverse composition and structural heterogeneity and to scrutinize how this regulates signalling, sustains neuronal physiology and drives pathophysiology in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy V van Asperen
- ERC Team, NeuroMyoGene Insitute, INMG-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR5261, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Farah Kotaich
- ERC Team, NeuroMyoGene Insitute, INMG-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR5261, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Caillol
- ERC Team, NeuroMyoGene Insitute, INMG-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR5261, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pascale Bomont
- ERC Team, NeuroMyoGene Insitute, INMG-PGNM, Inserm U1315, CNRS UMR5261, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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Lagorce D, Lebreton E, Matalonga L, Hongnat O, Chahdil M, Piscia D, Paramonov I, Ellwanger K, Köhler S, Robinson P, Graessner H, Beltran S, Lucano C, Hanauer M, Rath A. Phenotypic similarity-based approach for variant prioritization for unsolved rare disease: a preliminary methodological report. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:182-189. [PMID: 37926714 PMCID: PMC10853199 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases (RD) have a prevalence of not more than 1/2000 persons in the European population, and are characterised by the difficulty experienced in obtaining a correct and timely diagnosis. According to Orphanet, 72.5% of RD have a genetic origin although 35% of them do not yet have an identified causative gene. A significant proportion of patients suspected to have a genetic RD receive an inconclusive exome/genome sequencing. Working towards the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC)'s goal for 2027 to ensure that all people living with a RD receive a diagnosis within one year of coming to medical attention, the Solve-RD project aims to identify the molecular causes underlying undiagnosed RD. As part of this strategy, we developed a phenotypic similarity-based variant prioritization methodology comparing submitted cases with other submitted cases and with known RD in Orphanet. Three complementary approaches based on phenotypic similarity calculations using the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO), the Orphanet Rare Diseases Ontology (ORDO) and the HPO-ORDO Ontological Module (HOOM) were developed; genomic data reanalysis was performed by the RD-Connect Genome-Phenome Analysis Platform (GPAP). The methodology was tested in 4 exemplary cases discussed with experts from European Reference Networks. Variants of interest (pathogenic or likely pathogenic) were detected in 8.8% of the 725 cases clustered by similarity calculations. Diagnostic hypotheses were validated in 42.1% of them and needed further exploration in another 10.9%. Based on the promising results, we are devising an automated standardized phenotypic-based re-analysis pipeline to be applied to the entire unsolved cases cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lagorce
- INSERM, US14 - Orphanet, Plateforme Maladies Rares, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Emeline Lebreton
- INSERM, US14 - Orphanet, Plateforme Maladies Rares, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Leslie Matalonga
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Oscar Hongnat
- INSERM, US14 - Orphanet, Plateforme Maladies Rares, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Maroua Chahdil
- INSERM, US14 - Orphanet, Plateforme Maladies Rares, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Davide Piscia
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Ida Paramonov
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Kornelia Ellwanger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Peter Robinson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Holm Graessner
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sergi Beltran
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 4, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Caterina Lucano
- INSERM, US14 - Orphanet, Plateforme Maladies Rares, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Marc Hanauer
- INSERM, US14 - Orphanet, Plateforme Maladies Rares, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ana Rath
- INSERM, US14 - Orphanet, Plateforme Maladies Rares, 75014, Paris, France
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7
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Hong U, Lee J, Choi S, Jang W, Kwon S. Novel mutation in KIF5A gene associated with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy and cognitive impairment: a case report and literature review. Acta Neurol Belg 2023; 123:2375-2377. [PMID: 36696008 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02199-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uichan Hong
- Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, 27 Inhang-Ro, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 22332, Korea
| | - Jinsik Lee
- Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, 27 Inhang-Ro, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 22332, Korea
| | - Seohee Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, 27 Inhang-Ro, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 22332, Korea
| | - Woori Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Soonwook Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Inha University Hospital, 27 Inhang-Ro, Jung-Gu, Incheon, 22332, Korea.
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8
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Soustelle L, Aimond F, López-Andrés C, Brugioti V, Raoul C, Layalle S. ALS-Associated KIF5A Mutation Causes Locomotor Deficits Associated with Cytoplasmic Inclusions, Alterations of Neuromuscular Junctions, and Motor Neuron Loss. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8058-8072. [PMID: 37748861 PMCID: PMC10669773 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0562-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. Recently, genome-wide association studies identified KIF5A as a new ALS-causing gene. KIF5A encodes a protein of the kinesin-1 family, allowing the anterograde transport of cargos along the microtubule rails in neurons. In ALS patients, mutations in the KIF5A gene induce exon 27 skipping, resulting in a mutated protein with a new C-terminal region (KIF5A Δ27). To understand how KIF5A Δ27 underpins the disease, we developed an ALS-associated KIF5A Drosophila model. When selectively expressed in motor neurons, KIF5A Δ27 alters larval locomotion as well as morphology and synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junctions in both males and females. We show that the distribution of mitochondria and synaptic vesicles is profoundly disturbed by KIF5A Δ27 expression. That is consistent with the numerous KIF5A Δ27-containing inclusions observed in motor neuron soma and axons. Moreover, KIF5A Δ27 expression leads to motor neuron death and reduces life expectancy. Our in vivo model reveals that a toxic gain of function underlies the pathogenicity of ALS-linked KIF5A mutant.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding how a mutation identified in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) causes the disease and the loss of motor neurons is crucial to fight against this disease. To this end, we have created a Drosophila model based on the motor neuron expression of the KIF5A mutant gene, recently identified in ALS patients. KIF5A encodes a kinesin that allows the anterograde transport of cargos. This model recapitulates the main features of ALS, including alterations of locomotion, synaptic neurotransmission, and morphology at neuromuscular junctions, as well as motor neuron death. KIF5A mutant is found in cytoplasmic inclusions, and its pathogenicity is because of a toxic gain of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Soustelle
- Institute for Neurosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, 34091, France
| | - Franck Aimond
- Institute for Neurosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, 34091, France
| | - Cristina López-Andrés
- Institute for Neurosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, 34091, France
| | - Véronique Brugioti
- Institute for Neurosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, 34091, France
| | - Cédric Raoul
- Institute for Neurosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, 34091, France
| | - Sophie Layalle
- Institute for Neurosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, 34091, France
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9
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Kumar R, Madhavan T, Ponnusamy K, Sohn H, Haider S. Computational study of the motor neuron protein KIF5A to identify nsSNPs, bioactive compounds, and its key regulators. Front Genet 2023; 14:1282234. [PMID: 38028604 PMCID: PMC10667939 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1282234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) is a motor neuron protein expressed in neurons and involved in anterograde transportation of organelles, proteins, and RNA. Variations in the KIF5A gene that interfere with axonal transport have emerged as a distinguishing feature in several neurodegenerative disorders, including hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP10), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Methods: In this study, we implemented a computational structural and systems biology approach to uncover the role of KIF5A in ALS. Using the computational structural biology method, we explored the role of non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (nsSNPs) in KIF5A. Further, to identify the potential inhibitory molecule against the highly destabilizing structure variant, we docked 24 plant-derived phytochemicals involved in ALS. Results: We found KIF5AS291F variant showed the most structure destabilizing behavior and the phytocompound "epigallocatechin gallate" showed the highest binding affinity (-9.0 Kcal/mol) as compared to wild KIF5A (-8.4 Kcal/mol). Further, with the systems biology approach, we constructed the KIF5A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to identify the associated Kinesin Families (KIFs) proteins, modules, and their function. We also constructed a transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory network of KIF5A. With the network topological parameters of PPIN (Degree, Bottleneck, Closeness, and MNC) using CytoHubba and computational knock-out experiment using Network Analyzer, we found KIF1A, 5B, and 5C were the significant proteins. The functional modules were highly enriched with microtubule motor activity, chemical synaptic transmission in neurons, GTP binding, and GABA receptor activity. In regulatory network analysis, we found KIF5A post-transcriptionally down-regulated by miR-107 which is further transcriptionally up-regulated by four TFs (HIF1A, PPARA, SREBF1, and TP53) and down-regulated by three TFs (ZEB1, ZEB2, and LIN28A). Discussion: We concluded our study by finding a crucial variant of KIF5A and its potential therapeutic target (epigallocatechin gallate) and KIF5A associated significant genes with important regulators which could decrypt the novel therapeutics in ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Thirumurthy Madhavan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Computational Biology Lab, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | | | - Honglae Sohn
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Carbon Materials, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shazia Haider
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia University, New Delhi, India
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10
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Niwa S, Chiba K. Generation of recombinant and chickenized scFv versions of an anti-kinesin monoclonal antibody H2. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:356-366. [PMID: 37036074 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin-1, a motor protein composed of the kinesin heavy chain (KHC) and the kinesin light chain (KLC), is essential for proper cellular morphogenesis and function. A monoclonal antibody (mAb) called H2 recognizes the KHC in a broad range of species and is one of the most widely used mAbs in cytoskeletal motor research. Here, we present vectors that express recombinant H2 in mammalian cells. We show the recombinant H2 performs as well as the hybridoma-derived H2 in both western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. Additionally, the recombinant H2 can detect all three human KHC isotypes (KIF5A, KIF5B, and KIF5C) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated KIF5A aggregates in cells. In addition, we developed a chickenized version of the H2 mAb's single chain variable fragment, which can be used in immunofluorescence microscopy and expands the potential applications of H2. Overall, our results demonstrate that recombinant H2 is a useful tool for studying the functions of KHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Niwa
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba 6-3, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Kyoko Chiba
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba 6-3, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0845, Japan
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11
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Akçimen F, Lopez ER, Landers JE, Nath A, Chiò A, Chia R, Traynor BJ. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: translating genetic discoveries into therapies. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:642-658. [PMID: 37024676 PMCID: PMC10611979 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in sequencing technologies and collaborative efforts have led to substantial progress in identifying the genetic causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This momentum has, in turn, fostered the development of putative molecular therapies. In this Review, we outline the current genetic knowledge, emphasizing recent discoveries and emerging concepts such as the implication of distinct types of mutation, variability in mutated genes in diverse genetic ancestries and gene-environment interactions. We also propose a high-level model to synthesize the interdependent effects of genetics, environmental and lifestyle factors, and ageing into a unified theory of ALS. Furthermore, we summarize the current status of therapies developed on the basis of genetic knowledge established for ALS over the past 30 years, and we discuss how developing treatments for ALS will advance our understanding of targeting other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Akçimen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Elia R Lopez
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Avindra Nath
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adriano Chiò
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, C.N.R, Rome, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Citta' della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Ruth Chia
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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12
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Stump AL, Rioux DJ, Albright R, Melki GL, Prosser DC. Yeast Models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Type 8 Mimic Phenotypes Seen in Mammalian Cells Expressing Mutant VAPB P56S. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1147. [PMID: 37509182 PMCID: PMC10377116 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease that results in the loss of motor neurons and can occur sporadically or due to genetic mutations. Among the 30 genes linked to familial ALS, a P56S mutation in VAPB, an ER-resident protein that functions at membrane contact sites, causes ALS type 8. Mammalian cells expressing VAPBP56S have distinctive phenotypes, including ER collapse, protein and/or membrane-containing inclusions, and sensitivity to ER stress. VAPB is conserved through evolution and has two homologs in budding yeast, SCS2 and SCS22. Previously, a humanized version of SCS2 bearing disease-linked mutations was described, and it caused Scs2-containing inclusions when overexpressed in yeast. Here, we describe a yeast model for ALS8 in which the two SCS genes are deleted and replaced with a single chromosomal copy of either wild-type or mutant yeast SCS2 or human VAPB expressed from the SCS2 promoter. These cells display ER collapse, the formation of inclusion-like structures, and sensitivity to tunicamycin, an ER stress-inducing drug. Based on the phenotypic similarity to mammalian cells expressing VAPBP56S, we propose that these models can be used to study the molecular basis of cell death or dysfunction in ALS8. Moreover, other conserved ALS-linked genes may create opportunities for the generation of yeast models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- AnnaMari L. Stump
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- VCU Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rioux
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
- VCU Life Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Richard Albright
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Guiliano L. Melki
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Derek C. Prosser
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
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13
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Martinello C, Panza E, Orlacchio A. Hereditary spastic paraplegias proteome: common pathways and pathogenetic mechanisms. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:171-188. [PMID: 37788157 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2260952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. These conditions are caused by lesions in the neuronal pyramidal tract and exhibit clinical and genetic variability. Ongoing research focuses on understanding the underlying mechanisms of HSP onset, which ultimately lead to neuronal degeneration. Key molecular mechanisms involved include axonal transport, cytoskeleton dynamics, myelination abnormalities, membrane trafficking, organelle morphogenesis, ER homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy deregulation. AREAS COVERED This review aims to provide an overview of the shared pathogenetic mechanisms in various forms of HSPs. By examining disease-causing gene products and their associated functional pathways, this understanding could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and the development of treatments to modify the progression of the disease. EXPERT OPINION Investigating gene functionality is crucial for identifying shared pathogenetic pathways underlying different HSP subtypes. Categorizing protein function and identifying pathways aids in finding biomarkers, predicting early onset, and guiding treatment for a better quality of life. Targeting shared mechanisms enables efficient and cost-effective therapies. Prospects involve identifying new disease-causing genes, refining molecular processes, and implementing findings in diagnosis, key for advancing HSP understanding and developing effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Martinello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Panza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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14
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Szebényi K, Barrio-Hernandez I, Gibbons GM, Biasetti L, Troakes C, Beltrao P, Lakatos A. A human proteogenomic-cellular framework identifies KIF5A as a modulator of astrocyte process integrity with relevance to ALS. Commun Biol 2023; 6:678. [PMID: 37386082 PMCID: PMC10310856 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies identified several disease-causing mutations in neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the contribution of genetic variants to pathway disturbances and their cell type-specific variations, especially in glia, is poorly understood. We integrated ALS GWAS-linked gene networks with human astrocyte-specific multi-omics datasets to elucidate pathognomonic signatures. It predicts that KIF5A, a motor protein kinesin-1 heavy-chain isoform, previously detected only in neurons, can also potentiate disease pathways in astrocytes. Using postmortem tissue and super-resolution structured illumination microscopy in cell-based perturbation platforms, we provide evidence that KIF5A is present in astrocyte processes and its deficiency disrupts structural integrity and mitochondrial transport. We show that this may underly cytoskeletal and trafficking changes in SOD1 ALS astrocytes characterised by low KIF5A levels, which can be rescued by c-Jun N-terminal Kinase-1 (JNK1), a kinesin transport regulator. Altogether, our pipeline reveals a mechanism controlling astrocyte process integrity, a pre-requisite for synapse maintenance and suggests a targetable loss-of-function in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Szebényi
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | | | - George M Gibbons
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Luca Biasetti
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK.
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - András Lakatos
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
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15
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Hildebrandt RP, Moss KR, Janusz-Kaminska A, Knudson LA, Denes LT, Saxena T, Boggupalli DP, Li Z, Lin K, Bassell GJ, Wang ET. Muscleblind-like proteins use modular domains to localize RNAs by riding kinesins and docking to membranes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3427. [PMID: 37296096 PMCID: PMC10256740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) act as critical facilitators of spatially regulated gene expression. Muscleblind-like (MBNL) proteins, implicated in myotonic dystrophy and cancer, localize RNAs to myoblast membranes and neurites through unknown mechanisms. We find that MBNL forms motile and anchored granules in neurons and myoblasts, and selectively associates with kinesins Kif1bα and Kif1c through its zinc finger (ZnF) domains. Other RBPs with similar ZnFs associate with these kinesins, implicating a motor-RBP specificity code. MBNL and kinesin perturbation leads to widespread mRNA mis-localization, including depletion of Nucleolin transcripts from neurites. Live cell imaging and fractionation reveal that the unstructured carboxy-terminal tail of MBNL1 allows for anchoring at membranes. An approach, termed RBP Module Recruitment and Imaging (RBP-MRI), reconstitutes kinesin- and membrane-recruitment functions using MBNL-MS2 coat protein fusions. Our findings decouple kinesin association, RNA binding, and membrane anchoring functions of MBNL while establishing general strategies for studying multi-functional, modular domains of RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Hildebrandt
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn R Moss
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Luke A Knudson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lance T Denes
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tanvi Saxena
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Devi Prasad Boggupalli
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhuangyue Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kun Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gary J Bassell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Eric T Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Neurons are markedly compartmentalized, which makes them reliant on axonal transport to maintain their health. Axonal transport is important for anterograde delivery of newly synthesized macromolecules and organelles from the cell body to the synapse and for the retrograde delivery of signaling endosomes and autophagosomes for degradation. Dysregulation of axonal transport occurs early in neurodegenerative diseases and plays a key role in axonal degeneration. Here, we provide an overview of mechanisms for regulation of axonal transport; discuss how these mechanisms are disrupted in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, hereditary spastic paraplegia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; and discuss therapeutic approaches targeting axonal transport.
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17
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Wang H, Guan L, Deng M. Recent progress of the genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and challenges of gene therapy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1170996. [PMID: 37250416 PMCID: PMC10213321 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1170996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The causes of ALS are not fully understood. About 10% of ALS cases were associated with genetic factors. Since the discovery of the first familial ALS pathogenic gene SOD1 in 1993 and with the technology advancement, now over 40 ALS genes have been found. Recent studies have identified ALS related genes including ANXA11, ARPP21, CAV1, C21ORF2, CCNF, DNAJC7, GLT8D1, KIF5A, NEK1, SPTLC1, TIA1, and WDR7. These genetic discoveries contribute to a better understanding of ALS and show the potential to aid the development of better ALS treatments. Besides, several genes appear to be associated with other neurological disorders, such as CCNF and ANXA11 linked to FTD. With the deepening understanding of the classic ALS genes, rapid progress has been made in gene therapies. In this review, we summarize the latest progress on classical ALS genes and clinical trials for these gene therapies, as well as recent findings on newly discovered ALS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - LiPing Guan
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Unger A, Roos A, Gangfuß A, Hentschel A, Gläser D, Krause K, Doering K, Schara-Schmidt U, Hoffjan S, Vorgerd M, Güttsches AK. Microscopic and Biochemical Hallmarks of BICD2-Associated Muscle Pathology toward the Evaluation of Novel Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076808. [PMID: 37047781 PMCID: PMC10095373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BICD2 variants have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders like spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED2) or hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Recently, mutations in BICD2 were implicated in myopathies. Here, we present one patient with a known and six patients with novel BICD2 missense variants, further characterizing the molecular landscape of this heterogenous neurological disorder. A total of seven patients were genotyped and phenotyped. Skeletal muscle biopsies were analyzed by histology, electron microscopy, and protein profiling to define pathological hallmarks and pathogenicity markers with consecutive validation using fluorescence microscopy. Clinical and MRI-features revealed a typical pattern of distal paresis of the lower extremities as characteristic features of a BICD2-associated disorder. Histological evaluation showed myopathic features of varying severity including fiber size variation, lipofibromatosis, and fiber splittings. Proteomic analysis with subsequent fluorescence analysis revealed an altered abundance and localization of thrombospondin-4 and biglycan. Our combined clinical, histopathological, and proteomic approaches provide new insights into the pathophysiology of BICD2-associated disorders, confirming a primary muscle cell vulnerability. In this context, biglycan and thrombospondin-4 have been identified, may serve as tissue pathogenicity markers, and might be linked to perturbed protein secretion based on an impaired vesicular transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Unger
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute for Genetics of Heart Disease (IfGH), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Andrea Gangfuß
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Andreas Hentschel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dieter Gläser
- Genetikum, Center for Human Genetics, 89231 Neu-Ulm, Germany
| | - Karsten Krause
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kristina Doering
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Vorgerd
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Güttsches
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
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19
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Wirth JO, Scheiderer L, Engelhardt T, Engelhardt J, Matthias J, Hell SW. MINFLUX dissects the unimpeded walking of kinesin-1. Science 2023; 379:1004-1010. [PMID: 36893244 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
We introduce an interferometric MINFLUX microscope that records protein movements with up to 1.7 nanometer per millisecond spatiotemporal precision. Such precision has previously required attaching disproportionately large beads to the protein, but MINFLUX requires the detection of only about 20 photons from an approximately 1-nanometer-sized fluorophore. Therefore, we were able to study the stepping of the motor protein kinesin-1 on microtubules at up to physiological adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) concentrations. We uncovered rotations of the stalk and the heads of load-free kinesin during stepping and showed that ATP is taken up with a single head bound to the microtubule and that ATP hydrolysis occurs when both heads are bound. Our results show that MINFLUX quantifies (sub)millisecond conformational changes of proteins with minimal disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan O Wirth
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Scheiderer
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Engelhardt
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johann Engelhardt
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jessica Matthias
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan W Hell
- Department of Optical Nanoscopy, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
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20
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Higuchi Y, Takashima H. Clinical genetics of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:199-214. [PMID: 35304567 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent research in the field of inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease has helped identify the causative genes provided better understanding of the pathogenesis, and unraveled potential novel therapeutic targets. Several reports have described the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, molecular pathogenesis, and novel causative genes for CMT/IPNs in Japan. Based on the functions of the causative genes identified so far, the following molecular and cellular mechanisms are believed to be involved in the causation of CMTs/IPNs: myelin assembly, cytoskeletal structure, myelin-specific transcription factor, nuclear related, endosomal sorting and cell signaling, proteasome and protein aggregation, mitochondria-related, motor proteins and axonal transport, tRNA synthetases and RNA metabolism, and ion channel-related mechanisms. In this article, we review the epidemiology, genetic diagnosis, and clinicogenetic characteristics of CMT in Japan. In addition, we discuss the newly identified novel causative genes for CMT/IPNs in Japan, namely MME and COA7. Identification of the new causes of CMT will facilitate in-depth characterization of the underlying molecular mechanisms of CMT, leading to the establishment of therapeutic approaches such as drug development and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
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21
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The interconnection of endoplasmic reticulum and microtubule and its implication in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1670-1677. [PMID: 36860342 PMCID: PMC9968982 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and microtubule (MT) network form extensive contact with each other and their interconnection plays a pivotal role in ER maintenance and distribution as well as MT stability. The ER participates in a variety of biological processes including protein folding and processing, lipid biosynthesis, and Ca2+ storage. MTs specifically regulate cellular architecture, provide routes for transport of molecules or organelles, and mediate signaling events. The ER morphology and dynamics are regulated by a class of ER shaping proteins, which also provide the physical contact structure for linking of ER and MT. In addition to these ER-localized and MT-binding proteins, specific motor proteins and adaptor-linking proteins also mediate bidirectional communication between the two structures. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure and function of ER-MT interconnection. We further highlight the morphologic factors which coordinate the ER-MT network and maintain the normal physiological function of neurons, with their defect causing neurodegenerative diseases such as Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP). These findings promote our understanding of the pathogenesis of HSP and provide important therapeutic targets for treatment of these diseases.
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22
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Wilson DM, Cookson MR, Van Den Bosch L, Zetterberg H, Holtzman DM, Dewachter I. Hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Cell 2023; 186:693-714. [PMID: 36803602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 342.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research have identified genetic factors and biochemical pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). We present evidence for the following eight hallmarks of NDD: pathological protein aggregation, synaptic and neuronal network dysfunction, aberrant proteostasis, cytoskeletal abnormalities, altered energy homeostasis, DNA and RNA defects, inflammation, and neuronal cell death. We describe the hallmarks, their biomarkers, and their interactions as a framework to study NDDs using a holistic approach. The framework can serve as a basis for defining pathogenic mechanisms, categorizing different NDDs based on their primary hallmarks, stratifying patients within a specific NDD, and designing multi-targeted, personalized therapies to effectively halt NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Wilson
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China; UW Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ilse Dewachter
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
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23
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Generation of an iPSC line from a patient with spastic paraplegia type 10 carrying a novel mutation in KIF5A gene. Stem Cell Res 2023; 66:103008. [PMID: 36565680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We generated an iPSC line from a patient with spastic paraplegia type 10 (SPG10) carrying the novel missense variant c.50G > A (p.R17Q) in the N-terminal motor domain of the kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) gene. This patient-derived in vitro cell model will help to investigate the role of different KIF5A mutations in inducing neurodegeneration in spastic paraplegia and in other KIF5A-related disorders, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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24
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Li Q, Ferrare JT, Silver J, Wilson JO, Arteaga-Castaneda L, Qiu W, Vershinin M, King SJ, Neuman KC, Xu J. Cholesterol in the cargo membrane amplifies tau inhibition of kinesin-1-based transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212507120. [PMID: 36626558 PMCID: PMC9934065 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212507120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular cargos are often membrane-enclosed and transported by microtubule-based motors in the presence of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Whereas increasing evidence reveals how MAPs impact the interactions between motors and microtubules, critical questions remain about the impact of the cargo membrane on transport. Here we combined in vitro optical trapping with theoretical approaches to determine the effect of a lipid cargo membrane on kinesin-based transport in the presence of MAP tau. Our results demonstrate that attaching kinesin to a fluid lipid membrane reduces the inhibitory effect of tau on kinesin. Moreover, adding cholesterol, which reduces kinesin diffusion in the cargo membrane, amplifies the inhibitory effect of tau on kinesin binding in a dosage-dependent manner. We propose that reduction of kinesin diffusion in the cargo membrane underlies the effect of cholesterol on kinesin binding in the presence of tau, and we provide a simple model for this proposed mechanism. Our study establishes a direct link between cargo membrane cholesterol and MAP-based regulation of kinesin-1. The cholesterol effects uncovered here may more broadly extend to other lipid alterations that impact motor diffusion in the cargo membrane, including those associated with aging and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Li
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, CA95343
| | - James T. Ferrare
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Jonathan Silver
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - John O. Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, CA95343
| | | | - Weihong Qiu
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR97331
| | - Michael Vershinin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112
| | - Stephen J. King
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL32827
| | - Keir C. Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, CA95343
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25
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Younger DS. Neurogenetic motor disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 195:183-250. [PMID: 37562870 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98818-6.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the field of neurogenetics have practical applications in rapid diagnosis on blood and body fluids to extract DNA, obviating the need for invasive investigations. The ability to obtain a presymptomatic diagnosis through genetic screening and biomarkers can be a guide to life-saving disease-modifying therapy or enzyme replacement therapy to compensate for the deficient disease-causing enzyme. The benefits of a comprehensive neurogenetic evaluation extend to family members in whom identification of the causal gene defect ensures carrier detection and at-risk counseling for future generations. This chapter explores the many facets of the neurogenetic evaluation in adult and pediatric motor disorders as a primer for later chapters in this volume and a roadmap for the future applications of genetics in neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Younger
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Neuroscience, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine and Neurology, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, NY, United States.
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26
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Liao P, Yuan Y, Liu Z, Hou X, Li W, Wen J, Zhang K, Jiao B, Shen L, Jiang H, Guo J, Tang B, Zhang Z, Hu Z, Wang J. Association of variants in the KIF1A gene with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:46. [PMID: 36284339 PMCID: PMC9597953 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects neurons in the central nervous system and the spinal cord. As in many other neurodegenerative disorders, the genetic risk factors and pathogenesis of ALS involve dysregulation of cytoskeleton and neuronal transport. Notably, sensory and motor neuron diseases such as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2 (HSAN2) and spastic paraplegia 30 (SPG30) share several causative genes with ALS, as well as having common clinical phenotypes. KIF1A encodes a kinesin 3 motor that transports presynaptic vesicle precursors (SVPs) and dense core vesicles and has been reported as a causative gene for HSAN2 and SPG30. METHODS Here, we analyzed whole-exome sequencing data from 941 patients with ALS to investigate the genetic association of KIF1A with ALS. RESULTS We identified rare damage variants (RDVs) in the KIF1A gene associated with ALS and delineated the clinical characteristics of ALS patients with KIF1A RDVs. Clinically, these patients tended to exhibit sensory disturbance. Interestingly, the majority of these variants are located at the C-terminal cargo-binding region of the KIF1A protein. Functional examination revealed that the ALS-associated KIF1A variants located in the C-terminal region preferentially enhanced the binding of SVPs containing RAB3A, VAMP2, and synaptophysin. Expression of several disease-related KIF1A mutants in cultured mouse cortical neurons led to enhanced colocalization of RAB3A or VAMP2 with the KIF1A motor. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlighted the importance of KIF1A motor-mediated transport in the pathogenesis of ALS, indicating KIF1A as an important player in the oligogenic scenario of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panlin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yanchun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xiaorong Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wanzhen Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Kexuan Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, 410008, China.
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27
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De novo mutations in KIF1A-associated neuronal disorder (KAND) dominant-negatively inhibit motor activity and axonal transport of synaptic vesicle precursors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2113795119. [PMID: 35917346 PMCID: PMC9371658 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113795119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
KIF1A is a kinesin superfamily motor protein that transports synaptic vesicle precursors in axons. Cargo binding stimulates the dimerization of KIF1A molecules to induce processive movement along microtubules. Mutations in human Kif1a lead to a group of neurodegenerative diseases called KIF1A-associated neuronal disorder (KAND). KAND mutations are mostly de novo and autosomal dominant; however, it is unknown if the function of wild-type KIF1A motors is inhibited by heterodimerization with mutated KIF1A. Here, we have established Caenorhabditis elegans models for KAND using CRISPR-Cas9 technology and analyzed the effects of human KIF1A mutation on axonal transport. In our C. elegans models, both heterozygotes and homozygotes exhibited reduced axonal transport. Suppressor screening using the disease model identified a mutation that recovers the motor activity of mutated human KIF1A. In addition, we developed in vitro assays to analyze the motility of heterodimeric motors composed of wild-type and mutant KIF1A. We find that mutant KIF1A significantly impaired the motility of heterodimeric motors. Our data provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the dominant nature of de novo KAND mutations.
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28
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Coleman MP. Axon Biology in ALS: Mechanisms of Axon Degeneration and Prospects for Therapy. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1133-1144. [PMID: 36207571 PMCID: PMC9587191 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the longstanding debate over whether amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a 'dying back' or 'dying forward' disorder in the light of new gene identifications and the increased understanding of mechanisms of action for previously identified ALS genes. While the topological pattern of pathology in animal models, and more anecdotally in patients is indeed 'dying back', this review discusses how this fits with the fact that many of the major initiating events are thought to occur within the soma. It also discusses how widely varying ALS risk factors, including some impacting axons directly, may combine to drive a common pathway involving TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) denervation. The emerging association between sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1 (SARM1), a protein so far mostly associated with axon degeneration, and sporadic ALS is another major theme. The strengths and limitations of the current evidence supporting an association are considered, along with ways in which SARM1 could become activated in ALS. The final section addresses SARM1-based therapies along with the prospects for targeting other axonal steps in ALS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Coleman
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
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29
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Cozzi M, Ferrari V. Autophagy Dysfunction in ALS: from Transport to Protein Degradation. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1456-1481. [PMID: 35708843 PMCID: PMC9293831 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). Since the identification of the first ALS mutation in 1993, more than 40 genes have been associated with the disorder. The most frequent genetic causes of ALS are represented by mutated genes whose products challenge proteostasis, becoming unable to properly fold and consequently aggregating into inclusions that impose proteotoxic stress on affected cells. In this context, increasing evidence supports the central role played by autophagy dysfunctions in the pathogenesis of ALS. Indeed, in early stages of disease, high levels of proteins involved in autophagy are present in ALS MNs; but at the same time, with neurodegeneration progression, autophagy-mediated degradation decreases, often as a result of the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates in affected cells. Autophagy is a complex multistep pathway that has a central role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Several proteins are involved in its tight regulation, and importantly a relevant fraction of ALS-related genes encodes products that directly take part in autophagy, further underlining the relevance of this key protein degradation system in disease onset and progression. In this review, we report the most relevant findings concerning ALS genes whose products are involved in the several steps of the autophagic pathway, from phagophore formation to autophagosome maturation and transport and finally to substrate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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30
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Nakano J, Chiba K, Niwa S. An ALS-associated KIF5A mutant forms oligomers and aggregates and induces neuronal toxicity. Genes Cells 2022; 27:421-435. [PMID: 35430760 PMCID: PMC9322661 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
KIF5A is a kinesin superfamily motor protein that transports various cargos in neurons. Mutations in Kif5a cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These ALS mutations are in the intron of Kif5a and induce mis-splicing of KIF5A mRNA, leading to splicing out of exon 27, which in human KIF5A encodes the cargo-binding tail domain of KIF5A. Therefore, it has been suggested that ALS is caused by loss of function of KIF5A. However, the precise mechanisms regarding how mutations in KIF5A cause ALS remain unclear. Here, we show that an ALS-associated mutant of KIF5A, KIF5A(Δexon27), is predisposed to form oligomers and aggregates in cultured mouse cell lines. Interestingly, purified KIF5A(Δexon27) oligomers showed more active movement on microtubules than wild-type KIF5A in vitro. Purified KIF5A(∆exon27) was prone to form aggregates in vitro. Moreover, KIF5A(Δexon27)-expressing Caenorhabditis elegans neurons showed morphological defects. These data collectively suggest that ALS-associated mutations of KIF5A are toxic gain-of-function mutations rather than simple loss-of-function mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Nakano
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Kyoko Chiba
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS)Tohoku UniversitySendaiMiyagiJapan
| | - Shinsuke Niwa
- Graduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS)Tohoku UniversitySendaiMiyagiJapan
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31
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Chiba K, Ori-McKenney KM, Niwa S, McKenney RJ. Synergistic autoinhibition and activation mechanisms control kinesin-1 motor activity. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110900. [PMID: 35649356 PMCID: PMC9365671 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin-1 activity is regulated by autoinhibition. Intramolecular interactions within the kinesin heavy chain (KHC) are proposed to be one facet of motor regulation. The KHC also binds to the kinesin light chain (KLC), which has been implicated in both autoinhibition and activation of the motor. We show that the KLC inhibits the kinesin-microtubule interaction independently from the proposed intramolecular interaction within KHC. Cargo-adaptor proteins that bind the KLC stimulated processive movement, but the landing rate of activated kinesin complexes remained low. Mitogen-activated protein 7 (MAP7) enhanced motility by increasing the landing rate and run length of the activated kinesin motors. Our results support a model whereby the motor activity of the kinesin is regulated by synergistic inhibition mechanisms and that cargo-adaptor binding to the KLC releases both mechanisms. However, a non-motor MAP is required for robust microtubule association of the activated motor. Thus, human kinesin is regulated by synergistic autoinhibition and activation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Chiba
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, 145 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, 6-3 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Kassandra M Ori-McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, 145 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shinsuke Niwa
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, 6-3 Aramaki Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, 145 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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32
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Shah SH, Schiapparelli LM, Ma Y, Yokota S, Atkins M, Xia X, Cameron EG, Huang T, Saturday S, Sun CB, Knasel C, Blackshaw S, Yates Iii JR, Cline HT, Goldberg JL. Quantitative transportomics identifies Kif5a as a major regulator of neurodegeneration. eLife 2022; 11:68148. [PMID: 35259089 PMCID: PMC8947766 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurons in the adult central nervous system, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), degenerate and die after injury. Early axon protein and organelle trafficking failure is a key component in many neurodegenerative disorders yet changes to axoplasmic transport in disease models have not been quantified. We analyzed early changes in the protein ‘transportome’ from RGC somas to their axons after optic nerve injury and identified transport failure of an anterograde motor protein Kif5a early in RGC degeneration. We demonstrated that manipulating Kif5a expression affects anterograde mitochondrial trafficking in RGCs and characterized axon transport in Kif5a knockout mice to identify proteins whose axon localization was Kif5a-dependent. Finally, we found that knockout of Kif5a in RGCs resulted in progressive RGC degeneration in the absence of injury. Together with expression data localizing Kif5a to human RGCs, these data identify Kif5a transport failure as a cause of RGC neurodegeneration and point to a mechanism for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil H Shah
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | | | - Yuanhui Ma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Satoshi Yokota
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | - Melissa Atkins
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | - Xin Xia
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | - Evan G Cameron
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | - Thanh Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Sarah Saturday
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Catalin B Sun
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | - Cara Knasel
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - John R Yates Iii
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Hollis T Cline
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Goldberg
- Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, United States
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33
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Saxton WM, Lim A, Djagaeva I. Dissection and Direct Imaging of Axonal Transport in Drosophila Segmental Nerves. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2431:367-384. [PMID: 35412287 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1990-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For neurons, especially those with long axons, the forceful transport of mitochondria, vesicles, and other cytoplasmic components by cytoskeletal motors is vital. Defects in cytoplasmic transport machinery cause a degradation of signaling capacity that is most severe for neurons with the longest axons. In humans, with motor axons up to a meter long, even a mild mutation in one copy of the gene that codes for kinesin-1, the primary anterograde axonal transport motor, can cause spastic paraplegia and other distal neuropathies.To address questions about the molecular mechanisms of organelle movement, we turned to Drosophila as a model system, because it offered rigorous genetic and molecular approaches to the identification and inhibition of specific elements of transport machinery. However, methods for direct observation of organelle transport were largely lacking. We describe here an approach that we developed for imaging the transport behaviors of specific organelles in the long motor axons of larvae. It is straightforward, the equipment is commonly available, and it provides a powerful tool for studying the contributions of specific proteins to organelle transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Saxton
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - Angeline Lim
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Inna Djagaeva
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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34
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Elsayed LEO, Eltazi IZ, Ahmed AE, Stevanin G. Insights into Clinical, Genetic, and Pathological Aspects of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias: A Comprehensive Overview. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:690899. [PMID: 34901147 PMCID: PMC8662366 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.690899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are a heterogeneous group of motor neurodegenerative disorders that have the core clinical presentation of pyramidal syndrome which starts typically in the lower limbs. They can present as pure or complex forms with all classical modes of monogenic inheritance reported. To date, there are more than 100 loci/88 spastic paraplegia genes (SPG) involved in the pathogenesis of HSP. New patterns of inheritance are being increasingly identified in this era of huge advances in genetic and functional studies. A wide range of clinical symptoms and signs are now reported to complicate HSP with increasing overall complexity of the clinical presentations considered as HSP. This is especially true with the emergence of multiple HSP phenotypes that are situated in the borderline zone with other neurogenetic disorders. The genetic diagnostic approaches and the utilized techniques leave a diagnostic gap of 25% in the best studies. In this review, we summarize the known types of HSP with special focus on those in which spasticity is the principal clinical phenotype ("SPGn" designation). We discuss their modes of inheritance, clinical phenotypes, underlying genetics, and molecular pathways, providing some observations about therapeutic opportunities gained from animal models and functional studies. This review may pave the way for more analytic approaches that take into consideration the overall picture of HSP. It will shed light on subtle associations that can explain the occurrence of the disease and allow a better understanding of its observed variations. This should help in the identification of future biomarkers, predictors of disease onset and progression, and treatments for both better functional outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liena E. O. Elsayed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University [PNU], Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Ammar E. Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Paris, France
- CNRS, INCIA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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35
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ER Morphology in the Pathogenesis of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112870. [PMID: 34831093 PMCID: PMC8616106 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the most abundant and widespread organelle in cells. Its peculiar membrane architecture, formed by an intricate network of tubules and cisternae, is critical to its multifaceted function. Regulation of ER morphology is coordinated by a few ER-specific membrane proteins and is thought to be particularly important in neurons, where organized ER membranes are found even in the most distant neurite terminals. Mutation of ER-shaping proteins has been implicated in the neurodegenerative disease hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). In this review we discuss the involvement of these proteins in the pathogenesis of HSP, focusing on the experimental evidence linking their molecular function to disease onset. Although the precise biochemical activity of some ER-related HSP proteins has been elucidated, the pathological mechanism underlying ER-linked HSP is still undetermined and needs to be further investigated.
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36
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Pyromali I, Perani A, Nizou A, Benslimane N, Derouault P, Bourthoumieu S, Fradin M, Sole G, Duval F, Gomes C, Favreau F, Sturtz F, Magdelaine C, Lia AS. New structural variations responsible for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: The first two large KIF5A deletions detected by CovCopCan software. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4265-4272. [PMID: 34429846 PMCID: PMC8355829 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows the detection of mutations in inherited genetic diseases, like the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) which is the most common hereditary peripheral neuropathy. The majority of mutations detected by NGS are single nucleotide variants (SNVs) or small indels, while structural variants (SVs) are often underdiagnosed. PMP22 was the first gene described as being involved in CMT via a SV of duplication type. To date, more than 90 genes are known to be involved in CMT, with mainly SNVs and short indels described. Herein targeted NGS and the CovCopCan bioinformatic tool were used in two unrelated families, both presenting with typical CMT symptoms with pyramidal involvement. We have discovered two large SVs in KIF5A, a gene known to cause axonal forms of CMT (CMT2) in which no SVs have yet been described. In the first family, the patient presented with a large deletion of 12 kb in KIF5A from Chr12:57,956,278 to Chr12:57,968,335 including exons 2–15, that could lead to mutation c.(130-943_c.1717-533del), p.(Gly44_Leu572del). In the second family, two cases presented with a large deletion of 3 kb in KIF5A from Chr12:57,974,133 to Chr12:57,977,210 including exons 24–28, that could lead to mutation c.(2539-605_*36 + 211del), p.(Leu847_Ser1032delins33). In addition, bioinformatic sequence analysis revealed that a NAHR (Non-Allelic-Homologous-Recombination) mechanism, such as those in the PMP22 duplication, could be responsible for one of the KIF5A SVs and could potentially be present in a number of other patients. This study reveals that large KIF5A deletions can cause CMT2 and highlights the importance of analyzing not only the SNVs but also the SVs during diagnosis of neuropathies.
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Key Words
- ALS, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
- CMT, Charcot-Marie-Tooth
- CMT2, Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2
- CNV, Copy Number Variants
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth
- CovCopCan
- DSMA, Distal-Spinal-Muscular-Atrophy
- HSP10, Hereditary-Spastic-Paraplegia-type-10
- KIF5A
- NAHR, Non-Allelic Homologous Recombination
- NEIMY, Neonatal-Intractable-MYoclonus
- NGS
- NGS, Next Generation Sequencing
- SNV, Single Nucleotide Variant
- SV, Structural Variant
- Structural variations
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Perani
- CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | | | | | - Paco Derouault
- CHU Limoges, Service de Bioinformatique, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Sylvie Bourthoumieu
- CHU Limoges, Service de Cytogénétique, Génétique Médicale et Biologie de la Reproduction, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Mélanie Fradin
- CHU Rennes, CLAD Ouest, Service de Génétique, F-35203 Rennes, France
| | - Guilhem Sole
- CHU Bordeaux (Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin), Service de Neurologie et Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Duval
- CHU Bordeaux (Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin), Service de Neurologie et Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires AOC, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Constantin Gomes
- Hôpital Pontchaillou, Département de Neurophysiologie, F-35200 Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Favreau
- Univ. Limoges, MMNP, EA6309, F-87000 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Franck Sturtz
- Univ. Limoges, MMNP, EA6309, F-87000 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Corinne Magdelaine
- Univ. Limoges, MMNP, EA6309, F-87000 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lia
- Univ. Limoges, MMNP, EA6309, F-87000 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Service de Bioinformatique, F-87000 Limoges, France
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37
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Yang TC, Yarmishyn AA, Yang YP, Lu PC, Chou SJ, Wang ML, Lin TC, Hwang DK, Chou YB, Chen SJ, Yu WK, Wang AG, Hsu CC, Chiou SH. Mitochondrial transport mediates survival of retinal ganglion cells in affected LHON patients. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1454-1464. [PMID: 32277753 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The mutations in the genes encoding the subunits of complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain are the most common cause of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), a maternal hereditary disease characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. The characteristics of incomplete penetrance indicate that nuclear genetic and environmental factors also determine phenotypic expression of LHON. Therefore, further understanding of the role of mutant mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit proteins and nuclear genetic factors/environmental effects in the etiology of LHON is needed. In this study, we generated human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from healthy control, unaffected LHON mutation carrier, and affected LHON patient. hiPSC-derived RGCs were used to study the differences between affected and unaffected carriers of mitochondrial DNA point mutation m.11778G > A in the MT-ND4 gene. We found that both mutated cell lines were characterized by increase in reactive oxygen species production, however, only affected cell line had increased levels of apoptotic cells. We found a significant increase in retrograde mitochondria and a decrease in stationary mitochondria in the affected RGC axons. In addition, the messenger RNA and protein levels of KIF5A in the LHON-affected RGCs were significantly reduced. Antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine could restore the expression of KIF5A and the normal pattern of mitochondrial movement in the affected RGCs. To conclude, we found essential differences in the mutually dependent processes of oxidative stress, mitochondrial transport and apoptosis between two LHON-specific mutation carrier RGC cell lines, asymptomatic carrier and disease-affected, and identified KIF5A as a central modulator of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien-Chun Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chen Lu
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chi Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - De-Kuang Hwang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Bai Chou
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kuang Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - An-Guor Wang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
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38
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Toupenet Marchesi L, Leblanc M, Stevanin G. Current Knowledge of Endolysosomal and Autophagy Defects in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071678. [PMID: 34359848 PMCID: PMC8307360 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) refers to a group of neurological disorders involving the degeneration of motor neurons. Due to their clinical and genetic heterogeneity, finding common effective therapeutics is difficult. Therefore, a better understanding of the common pathological mechanisms is necessary. The role of several HSP genes/proteins is linked to the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways, suggesting a functional convergence. Furthermore, impairment of these pathways is particularly interesting since it has been linked to other neurodegenerative diseases, which would suggest that the nervous system is particularly sensitive to the disruption of the endolysosomal and autophagic systems. In this review, we will summarize the involvement of HSP proteins in the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways in order to clarify their functioning and decipher some of the pathological mechanisms leading to HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liriopé Toupenet Marchesi
- Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (L.T.M.); (M.L.)
- Neurogenetics Team, EPHE, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Marion Leblanc
- Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (L.T.M.); (M.L.)
- Neurogenetics Team, EPHE, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (L.T.M.); (M.L.)
- Neurogenetics Team, EPHE, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, 75000 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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39
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De Pace R, Britt DJ, Mercurio J, Foster AM, Djavaherian L, Hoffmann V, Abebe D, Bonifacino JS. Synaptic Vesicle Precursors and Lysosomes Are Transported by Different Mechanisms in the Axon of Mammalian Neurons. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107775. [PMID: 32553155 PMCID: PMC7478246 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BORC is a multisubunit complex previously shown to promote coupling of mammalian lysosomes and C. elegans synaptic vesicle (SV) precursors (SVPs) to kinesins for anterograde transport of these organelles along microtubule tracks. We attempted to meld these observations into a unified model for axonal transport in mammalian neurons by testing two alternative hypotheses: (1) that SV and lysosomal proteins are co-transported within a single type of “lysosome-related vesicle” and (2) that SVPs and lysosomes are distinct organelles, but both depend on BORC for axonal transport. Analyses of various types of neurons from wild-type rats and mice, as well as from BORC-deficient mice, show that neither hypothesis is correct. We find that SVPs and lysosomes are transported separately, but only lysosomes depend on BORC for axonal transport in these neurons. These findings demonstrate that SVPs and lysosomes are distinct organelles that rely on different machineries for axonal transport in mammalian neurons. De Pace et al. show that lysosomes and synaptic vesicle precursors (SVPs) are distinct organelles that move separately from the soma to the axon in rat and mouse neurons. Moreover, they demonstrate that the BLOC-1-related complex (BORC) is required for the transport of lysosomes but not SVPs in mouse neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella De Pace
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dylan J Britt
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey Mercurio
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arianne M Foster
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lucas Djavaherian
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Division of Veterinary Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Abebe
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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40
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de Boer EMJ, van Rheenen W, Goedee HS, Kamsteeg EJ, Brilstra EH, Veldink JH, van Den Berg LH, van Es MA. Genotype-phenotype correlations of KIF5A stalk domain variants. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2021; 22:561-570. [PMID: 33829936 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2021.1907412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) motor domain variants are typically associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) or Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2 (CMT2), while KIF5A tail variants predispose to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and neonatal intractable myoclonus. Variants within the stalk domain of KIF5A are relatively rare. We describe a family of three patients with a complex HSP phenotype and a likely pathogenic KIF5A stalk variant. More family members were reported to have walking difficulties. When reviewing the literature on KIF5A stalk variants, we found 22 other cases. The phenotypes varied with most cases having (complex) HSP/CMT2 or ALS. Symptom onset varied from childhood to adulthood and common additional symptoms for HSP are involvement of the upper limbs, sensorimotor polyneuropathy, and foot deformities. We conclude that KIF5A variants lead to a broad clinical spectrum of disease. Phenotype distribution according to variants in specific domains occurs often in the motor and tail domain but are not definite. However, variants in the stalk domain are not bound to a specific phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M J de Boer
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H Stephan Goedee
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and
| | - Eva H Brilstra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard H van Den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A van Es
- Department of Neurology, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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41
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Lam AJ, Rao L, Anazawa Y, Okada K, Chiba K, Dacy M, Niwa S, Gennerich A, Nowakowski DW, McKenney RJ. A highly conserved 3 10 helix within the kinesin motor domain is critical for kinesin function and human health. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/18/eabf1002. [PMID: 33931448 PMCID: PMC8087401 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
KIF1A is a critical cargo transport motor within neurons. More than 100 known mutations result in KIF1A-associated neurological disorder (KAND), a degenerative condition for which there is no cure. A missense mutation, P305L, was identified in children diagnosed with KAND, but the molecular basis for the disease is unknown. We find that this conserved residue is part of an unusual 310 helix immediately adjacent to the family-specific K-loop, which facilitates a high microtubule-association rate. We find that the mutation negatively affects several biophysical parameters of the motor. However, the microtubule-association rate of the motor is most markedly affected, revealing that the presence of an intact K-loop is not sufficient for its function. We hypothesize that the 310 helix facilitates a specific K-loop conformation that is critical for its function. We find that the function of this proline is conserved in kinesin-1, revealing a fundamental principle of the kinesin motor mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen J Lam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis. Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lu Rao
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yuzu Anazawa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578 Miyagi, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-0845 Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kyoko Okada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis. Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kyoko Chiba
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis. Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-0845 Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mariah Dacy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis. Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shinsuke Niwa
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-0845 Miyagi, Japan
| | - Arne Gennerich
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | | | - Richard J McKenney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis. Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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42
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Chen XQ, Das U, Park G, Mobley WC. Normal levels of KIF5 but reduced KLC1 levels in both Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer disease in Down syndrome: evidence suggesting defects in anterograde transport. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:59. [PMID: 33691783 PMCID: PMC7945332 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired axonal transport may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS). Axonal transport is a complex process in which specific motor proteins move cargoes to and from neuronal cell bodies and their processes. Inconsistent reports point to the changes in AD in the levels of the classical anterograde motor protein kinesin family member 5 (KIF5) and the primary neuronal KIF regulator kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1), raising the possibility that anterograde transport is compromised in AD. METHODS AND MATERIALS To address inconsistencies and determine if the shared pathologies in AD and elderly DS subjects with dementia (AD in DS; AD-DS) extend to the changes in KIF5 and KLC1, we measured the levels of all the three KIF5 family members and KLC1 in the AD and AD-DS frontal cortex and AD temporal cortex and cerebellum in samples taken with a short postmortem interval. To support future studies to explore the cell biological basis for any changes detected, we also examined the levels of these proteins in the brains of young and aged adult mice in the Dp (16)1Yey/+ (Dp16) mouse model of DS and J20 mouse model of AD. RESULTS There were no changes in comparison with controls in KIF5 family members in either the AD or AD-DS samples when normalized to either β-actin or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Interestingly, however, samples from control brains as well as from AD and AD-DS demonstrated strong positive correlations between the levels of KIF5 family members, suggesting positive co-regulated expression. Importantly, while earlier reports pointed to a negative correlation between the levels of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and KIF5A levels, we found the opposite to be true in AD-DS; this was especially striking given triplication of the APP gene, with increased APP protein levels. AD and control samples showed positive correlations between fl-hAPP and KIF5 members, but they were less consistent. In contrast to the findings for KIF5, the levels of KLC1 were downregulated in the frontal cortex of both AD and AD-DS brains; interestingly, this change was not seen in the AD temporal cortex or cerebellum. As postmortem interval has a negative effect on the levels of KLC1, but not KIF5 members, we analyzed a subset of samples with a very short postmortem interval (PMI) (≤ 6 h), a PMI that was not significantly correlated with the levels of KLC1 in either AD or AD-DS samples; we confirmed the presence of a statistically significant reduction of KLC1 in AD and AD-DS brains as compared with control brains. Studies comparing Dp16 to its euploid control recapitulated human studies in demonstrating no change in KIF5 levels and a positive correlation between the levels of KIF5 family members. J20 mice also showed normal KIF5 levels. However, unlike the AD and AD-DS frontal cortex, KLC1 levels were not reduced in the brains of Dp16 or J20 mice. CONCLUSION These data point to significant reductions in KLC1 in AD and AD-DS. In so doing, they raise the possibility of compromised KLC1-mediated axonal transport in these conditions, a posit that can now be pursued in model systems in which KLC1 expression is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Qiao Chen
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Utpal Das
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Gooho Park
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - William C. Mobley
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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Silani V, Corcia P, Harms MB, Rouleau G, Siddique T, Ticozzi N. Genetics of primary lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2021; 21:28-34. [DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2020.1837177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, “Dino Ferrari” Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Corcia
- Centre de Reference SLA, CHU Tours, and UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | | | - Guy Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Teepu Siddique
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, “Dino Ferrari” Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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44
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Edmison D, Wang L, Gowrishankar S. Lysosome Function and Dysfunction in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias. Brain Sci 2021; 11:152. [PMID: 33498913 PMCID: PMC7911997 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSPs) are a genetically diverse group of inherited neurological diseases with over 80 associated gene loci. Over the last decade, research into mechanisms underlying HSPs has led to an emerging interest in lysosome dysfunction. In this review, we highlight the different classes of HSPs that have been linked to lysosome defects: (1) a subset of complex HSPs where mutations in lysosomal genes are causally linked to the diseases, (2) other complex HSPs where mutation in genes encoding membrane trafficking adaptors lead to lysosomal defects, and (3) a subset of HSPs where mutations affect genes encoding proteins whose function is primarily linked to a different cellular component or organelle such as microtubule severing and Endoplasmic Reticulum-shaping, while also altering to lysosomes. Interestingly, aberrant axonal lysosomes, associated with the latter two subsets of HSPs, are a key feature observed in other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. We discuss how altered lysosome function and trafficking may be a critical contributor to HSP pathology and highlight the need for examining these features in the cortico-spinal motor neurons of HSP mutant models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Swetha Gowrishankar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (D.E.); (L.W.)
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45
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Hares K, Kemp K, Loveless S, Rice CM, Scolding N, Tallantyre E, Robertson N, Wilkins A. KIF5A and the contribution of susceptibility genotypes as a predictive biomarker for multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2021; 268:2175-2184. [PMID: 33484325 PMCID: PMC8179895 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10373-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) biomarkers that reflect central nervous system tissue injury to determine prognosis. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of kinesin superfamily motor protein KIF5A in MS by measuring levels of KIF5A in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) combined with analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs12368653 and rs703842) located within a MS susceptibility gene locus at chromosome 12q13-14 region. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure KIF5A in CSF obtained from two independent biobanks comprising non-inflammatory neurological disease controls (NINDC), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and MS cases. CSF KIF5A expression was significantly elevated in progressive MS cases compared with NINDCs, CIS and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). In addition, levels of KIF5A positively correlated with change in MS disease severity scores (EDSS, MSSS and ARMSSS), in RRMS patients who had documented disease progression at 2-year clinical follow-up. Copies of adenine risk alleles (AG/AA; rs12368653 and rs703842) corresponded with a higher proportion of individuals in relapse at the time of lumbar puncture (LP), higher use of disease-modifying therapies post LP and shorter MS duration. Our study suggests that CSF KIF5A has potential as a predictive biomarker in MS and further studies into the potential prognostic value of analysing MS susceptibility SNPs should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hares
- MS and Stem Cell Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Clinical Neurosciences Office, 1st Floor, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| | - K Kemp
- MS and Stem Cell Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Clinical Neurosciences Office, 1st Floor, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - S Loveless
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - C M Rice
- MS and Stem Cell Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Clinical Neurosciences Office, 1st Floor, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - N Scolding
- MS and Stem Cell Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Clinical Neurosciences Office, 1st Floor, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - E Tallantyre
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - N Robertson
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Wilkins
- MS and Stem Cell Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Bristol Medical School: Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Clinical Neurosciences Office, 1st Floor, Learning and Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
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Bomont P. The dazzling rise of neurofilaments: Physiological functions and roles as biomarkers. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 68:181-191. [PMID: 33454158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last two years, neurofilaments (NFs) have become one of the most blazing topics in clinical neuroscience. NFs are major cytoskeletal constituents of neurons, can be detected in body fluids, and have recently emerged as universal biomarkers of neuronal injury and neurological diseases. This review will examine the evolving landscape of NFs, from their specific cellular functions within neurons to their broad clinical value as biomarkers. Particular attention will be given to the dynamic nature of the NF network and its novel roles in microtubule regulation, neurotransmission, and nanomedicine. Building from the initial evidence of causative mutations in NF genes in Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseases, the latest advances at the frontiers of basic and clinical sciences have expanded the scope and relevance of NFs for human health remarkably and have poised to fuel innovation in cell biology and neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Bomont
- ERC team, INMG, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR5310, University of Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
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47
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Wu S, Li H, Wang L, Mak N, Wu X, Ge R, Sun F, Cheng CY. Motor Proteins and Spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:131-159. [PMID: 34453735 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the intermediate filament- and septin-based cytoskeletons which are apolar structures, the microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeletons are polarized structures in mammalian cells and tissues including the testis, most notable in Sertoli cells. In the testis, these cytoskeletons that stretch across the epithelium of seminiferous tubules and lay perpendicular to the basement membrane of tunica propria serve as tracks for corresponding motor proteins to support cellular cargo transport. These cargoes include residual bodies, phagosomes, endocytic vesicles and most notably developing spermatocytes and haploid spermatids which lack the ultrastructures of motile cells (e.g., lamellipodia, filopodia). As such, these developing germ cells require the corresponding motor proteins to facilitate their transport across the seminiferous epithelium during the epithelial cycle of spermatogenesis. Due to the polarized natures of these cytoskeletons with distinctive plus (+) and minus (-) end, directional cargo transport can take place based on the use of corresponding actin- or MT-based motor proteins. These include the MT-based minus (-) end directed motor proteins: dyneins, and the plus (+) end directed motor proteins: kinesins, as well as the actin-based motor proteins: myosins, many of which are plus (+) end directed but a few are also minus (-) end directed motor proteins. Recent studies have shown that these motor proteins are essential to support spermatogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize and evaluate these recent findings so that this information will serve as a helpful guide for future studies and for planning functional experiments to better understand their role mechanistically in supporting spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huitao Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lingling Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nathan Mak
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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48
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Konjikusic MJ, Gray RS, Wallingford JB. The developmental biology of kinesins. Dev Biol 2021; 469:26-36. [PMID: 32961118 PMCID: PMC10916746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinesins are microtubule-based motor proteins that are well known for their key roles in cell biological processes ranging from cell division, to intracellular transport of mRNAs, proteins, vesicles, and organelles, and microtubule disassembly. Interestingly, many of the ~45 distinct kinesin genes in vertebrate genomes have also been associated with specific phenotypes in embryonic development. In this review, we highlight the specific developmental roles of kinesins, link these to cellular roles reported in vitro, and highlight remaining gaps in our understanding of how this large and important family of proteins contributes to the development and morphogenesis of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia J Konjikusic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Ryan S Gray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, USA.
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Oliveira R, Maruta C, Gil-Gouveia R. A novel KIF5a mutation identified in two-family members with spastic paraplegia type 10. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 177:152-154. [PMID: 33272564 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Oliveira
- Neurology Department, Hospital da Luz, Avenida Lusíada 100, 1500-650 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - C Maruta
- Laboratory of Language Research, Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1500-650 Lisbon, Portugal; Católica Research Center for Psychological, Family and Social Wellbeing (CRC-W), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 1500-650 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R Gil-Gouveia
- Neurology Department, Hospital da Luz, Avenida Lusíada 100, 1500-650 Lisbon, Portugal
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50
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Keren-Kaplan T, Bonifacino JS. ARL8 Relieves SKIP Autoinhibition to Enable Coupling of Lysosomes to Kinesin-1. Curr Biol 2020; 31:540-554.e5. [PMID: 33232665 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Long-range movement of organelles within the cytoplasm relies on coupling to microtubule motors, a process that is often mediated by adaptor proteins. In many cases, this coupling involves organelle- or adaptor-induced activation of the microtubule motors by conformational reversal of an autoinhibited state. Herein, we show that a similar regulatory mechanism operates for an adaptor protein named SKIP (also known as PLEKHM2). SKIP binds to the small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) ARL8 on the lysosomal membrane to couple lysosomes to the anterograde microtubule motor kinesin-1. Structure-function analyses of SKIP reveal that the C-terminal region comprising three pleckstrin homology (PH) domains interacts with the N-terminal region comprising ARL8- and kinesin-1-binding sites. This interaction inhibits coupling of lysosomes to kinesin-1 and, consequently, lysosome movement toward the cell periphery. We also find that ARL8 does not just recruit SKIP to the lysosomal membrane but also relieves SKIP autoinhibition, promoting kinesin-1-driven, anterograde lysosome transport. Finally, our analyses show that the largely disordered middle region of SKIP mediates self-association and that this self-association enhances the interaction of SKIP with kinesin-1. These findings indicate that SKIP is not just a passive connector of lysosome-bound ARL8 to kinesin-1 but is itself subject to intra- and inter-molecular interactions that regulate its function. We anticipate that similar organelle- or GTPase-induced conformational changes could regulate the activity of other kinesin adaptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Keren-Kaplan
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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