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Elder TR, Turner JR. Nicotine use disorder and Neuregulin 3: Opportunities for precision medicine. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2024; 99:387-404. [PMID: 38467488 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Nicotine use disorder remains a major public health emergency despite years of trumpeting the consequences of smoking. This is likely due to the complex interplay of genetics and nicotine exposure across the lifespan of these individuals. Genetics influence all aspects of life, including complex disorders such as nicotine use disorder. This review first highlights the critical neurocircuitry underlying nicotine dependence and withdrawal, and then describes the cellular signaling mechanisms involved. Finally, current genetic, genomic, and transcriptomic evidence for new drug development of smoking cessation aids is discussed, with a focus on the Neuregulin 3 Signaling Pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Elder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jill R Turner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, United States.
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2
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Wu X, Huai C, Shen L, Li M, Yang C, Zhang J, Chen L, Zhu W, Fan L, Zhou W, Xing Q, He L, Wan C, Qin S. Genome-wide study of copy number variation implicates multiple novel loci for schizophrenia risk in Han Chinese family trios. iScience 2021; 24:102894. [PMID: 34401673 PMCID: PMC8358640 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder that affects 1% of the global population. Copy number variations (CNVs) have been shown to play a critical role in its pathophysiology; however, only case-control studies on SCZ susceptibility CNVs have been conducted in Han Chinese. Here, we performed an array comparative genomic hybridization-based genome-wide CNV analysis in 100 Chinese family trios with SCZ. Burden test suggested that the SCZ probands carried more duplications than their healthy parents and unrelated healthy controls. Besides, five CNV loci were firstly reported to be associated with SCZ here, including both unbalanced transmitted CNVs and enriched de novo CNVs. Moreover, two genes (CTDSPL and MGAM) in these CNVs showed significant SCZ relevance in the expression level. Our findings support the crucial role of CNVs in the etiology of SCZ and provide new insights into the underlying mechanism of SCZ pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Cong Huai
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Mo Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Luan Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wenli Zhu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
| | - Lingzi Fan
- Zhumadian Psychiatric Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, 463000, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Qinghe Xing
- Children's Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Chunling Wan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Corresponding author
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3
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Cui W, Gao N, Dong Z, Shen C, Zhang H, Luo B, Chen P, Comoletti D, Jing H, Wang H, Robinson H, Xiong WC, Mei L. In trans neuregulin3-Caspr3 interaction controls DA axonal bassoon cluster development. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3330-3342.e7. [PMID: 34143959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) transmission is critical to motivation, movement, and emotion. Unlike glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses, the development of DA synapses is less understood. We show that bassoon (BSN) clusters along DA axons in the core of nucleus accumbens (NAcc) were increased in neonatal stages and reduced afterward, suggesting DA synapse elimination. Remarkably, DA neuron-specific ablating neuregulin 3 (NRG3), a protein whose levels correlate with BSN clusters, increased the clusters and impaired DA release and behaviors related to DA transmission. An unbiased screen of transmembrane proteins with the extracellular domain (ECD) of NRG3 identified Caspr3 (contactin associate-like protein 3) as a binding partner. Caspr3 was enriched in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). NRG3 and Caspr3 interact in trans, which was blocked by Caspr3-ECD. Caspr3 null mice displayed phenotypes similar to those in DAT-Nrg3f/f mice in DA axonal BSN clusters and DA transmission. Finally, in vivo disruption of the NRG3-Caspr3 interaction increased BSN clusters. Together, these results demonstrate that DA synapse development is controlled by trans interaction between NRG3 in DA neurons and Caspr3 in MSNs, identifying a novel pair of cell adhesion molecules for brain circuit wiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Cui
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nannan Gao
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zhaoqi Dong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Davide Comoletti
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; Child Health Institute of New Jersey, and Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Hongyang Jing
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Heath Robinson
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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4
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Zhou Y, Li Y, Meng Y, Wang J, Wu F, Ning Y, Li Y, Cassidy RM, Li Z, Zhang XY. Neuregulin 3 rs10748842 polymorphism contributes to the effect of body mass index on cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:62. [PMID: 32066712 PMCID: PMC7026092 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that obesity or higher body mass index is correlated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Recent studies have demonstrated that genetic risk factors, such as the NRG3, are correlated with both elevated BMI and reduced cognitive function. In present study, we aimed to determine whether possession of the NRG3 rs10748842 influences the correlation between elevated BMI and reduced cognitive ability in schizophrenia. To our knowledge, this has never been examined before. A total of 625 inpatients with schizophrenia and 400 controls were recruited. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) was performed to assess cognitive function. We used multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), Pearson correlations, partial correlations, and multivariate regression analysis to test the influence of NRG3 rs10748842 on the aforementioned variables. All RBANS five sub-scores and total score were lower in patients than those in controls (all p < 0.001). Patients carrying NRG3 rs10748842 TC + CC heterozygous genotype had lower attention score compared to TT homozygous genotype (adjusted F = 4.77, p = 0.029). BMI was positively associated with language score in patients (β = 0.387, t = 2.59, p = 0.01). Interestingly, we further found positive association between BMI and language score in TT carriers (partial correlations: r = 0.13, adjusted p = 0.004; multivariate regression: β = 0.42, t = 2.66, p = 0.008), but not in CT + CC carrier (p > 0.05). Our study demonstrated that NRG3 rs10748842 was associated with cognitive impairments, especially attention performance in schizophrenia. Moreover, NRG3 rs10748842 altered the effect of BMI on cognitive impairments as measured by the RBANS language score in chronic patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Zhou
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujie Meng
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiesi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ryan M Cassidy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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5
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Postolache TT, del Bosque-Plata L, Jabbour S, Vergare M, Wu R, Gragnoli C. Co-shared genetics and possible risk gene pathway partially explain the comorbidity of schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:186-203. [PMID: 30729689 PMCID: PMC6492942 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in treatment-naive patients are associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). SCZ, MDD, T2D, and MetS are often comorbid and their comorbidity increases cardiovascular risk: Some risk genes are likely co-shared by them. For instance, transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) and proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 9 (PSMD9) are two genes independently reported as contributing to T2D and SCZ, and PSMD9 to MDD as well. However, there are scarce data on the shared genetic risk among SCZ, MDD, T2D, and/or MetS. Here, we briefly describe T2D, MetS, SCZ, and MDD and their genetic architecture. Next, we report separately about the comorbidity of SCZ and MDD with T2D and MetS, and their respective genetic overlap. We propose a novel hypothesis that genes of the prolactin (PRL)-pathway may be implicated in the comorbidity of these disorders. The inherited predisposition of patients with SCZ and MDD to psychoneuroendocrine dysfunction may confer increased risk of T2D and MetS. We illustrate a strategy to identify risk variants in each disorder and in their comorbid psychoneuroendocrine and mental-metabolic dysfunctions, advocating for studies of genetically homogeneous and phenotype-rich families. The results will guide future studies of the shared predisposition and molecular genetics of new homogeneous endophenotypes of SCZ, MDD, and metabolic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor T. Postolache
- Department of Psychiatry, Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, Colorado,Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura del Bosque-Plata
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomic Laboratory, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Serge Jabbour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Disease, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Vergare
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rongling Wu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania,Department of Statistics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Disease, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi-Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, Italy
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6
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Umanah GKE, Pignatelli M, Yin X, Chen R, Crawford J, Neifert S, Scarffe L, Behensky AA, Guiberson N, Chang M, Ma E, Kim JW, Castro CC, Mao X, Chen L, Andrabi SA, Pletnikov MV, Pulver AE, Avramopoulos D, Bonci A, Valle D, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Thorase variants are associated with defects in glutamatergic neurotransmission that can be rescued by Perampanel. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/420/eaah4985. [PMID: 29237760 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aah4985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The AAA+ adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) Thorase plays a critical role in controlling synaptic plasticity by regulating the expression of surface α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs). Bidirectional sequencing of exons of ATAD1, the gene encoding Thorase, in a cohort of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls revealed rare Thorase variants. These variants caused defects in glutamatergic signaling by impairing AMPAR internalization and recycling in mouse primary cortical neurons. This contributed to increased surface expression of the AMPAR subunit GluA2 and enhanced synaptic transmission. Heterozygous Thorase-deficient mice engineered to express these Thorase variants showed altered synaptic transmission and several behavioral deficits compared to heterozygous Thorase-deficient mice expressing wild-type Thorase. These behavioral impairments were rescued by the competitive AMPAR antagonist Perampanel, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drug. These findings suggest that Perampanel may be useful for treating disorders involving compromised AMPAR-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- George K E Umanah
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marco Pignatelli
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xiling Yin
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joshua Crawford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stewart Neifert
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Leslie Scarffe
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Adam A Behensky
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Noah Guiberson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Melissa Chang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erica Ma
- School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jin Wan Kim
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cibele C Castro
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shaida A Andrabi
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ann E Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Antonello Bonci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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7
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Avramopoulos D. Neuregulin 3 and its roles in schizophrenia risk and presentation. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:257-266. [PMID: 28556469 PMCID: PMC5735014 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulins, a four-member family of epidermal growth factor-like signaling molecules, have been studied for over two decades. They were first implicated in schizophrenia in 2002 with the detection of linkage and association at the NRG1 locus followed after a few years by NRG3. However, the associations with disease have not been very consistently observed. In contrast, association of NGR3 variants with disease presentation, specifically the presence of delusions, has been more consistent. This appears to be mediated by quantitative changes in the alternative splicing of the gene, which has also been consistently observed. Additional diseases and phenotypes, psychiatric or not, have also been connected with NRG3. These results demonstrate two important aspects of behavioral genetics research. The first is that if we only consider simple risk and fail to examine the details of each patient's individual phenotype, we will miss important insights on the disease biology. This is an important aspect of the goals of precision medicine. The second is that the functional consequences of variants are often more complex than simple alterations in levels of transcription of a particular gene, including, among others, regulation of alternative splicing. To accurately model and understand the biological consequences of phenotype-associated genetic variants, we need to study the biological consequences of each specific variant. Simply studying the consequences of a null allele of the orthologous gene in a model system, runs the risk of missing the many nuances of hypomorphic and/or gain of function variants in the genome of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Johns Hopkins University, Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 733 North Broadway - MRB room 507, Baltimore MD 21205
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8
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Paterson C, Wang Y, Hyde TM, Weinberger DR, Kleinman JE, Law AJ. Temporal, Diagnostic, and Tissue-Specific Regulation of NRG3 Isoform Expression in Human Brain Development and Affective Disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2017; 174:256-265. [PMID: 27771971 PMCID: PMC5892449 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16060721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genes implicated in schizophrenia are enriched in networks differentially regulated during human CNS development. Neuregulin 3 (NRG3), a brain-enriched neurotrophin, undergoes alternative splicing and is implicated in several neurological disorders with developmental origins. Isoform-specific increases in NRG3 are observed in schizophrenia and associated with rs10748842, a NRG3 risk polymorphism, suggesting NRG3 transcriptional dysregulation as a molecular mechanism of risk. The authors quantitatively mapped the temporal trajectories of NRG3 isoforms (classes I-IV) in the neocortex throughout the human lifespan, examined whether tissue-specific regulation of NRG3 occurs in humans, and determined if abnormalities in NRG3 transcriptomics occur in mood disorders and are genetically determined. METHOD NRG3 isoform classes I-IV were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in human postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from 286 nonpsychiatric control individuals, from gestational week 14 to 85 years old, and individuals diagnosed with either bipolar disorder (N=34) or major depressive disorder (N=69). Tissue-specific mapping was investigated in several human tissues. rs10748842 was genotyped in individuals with mood disorders, and association with NRG3 isoform expression examined. RESULTS NRG3 classes displayed individually specific expression trajectories across human neocortical development and aging; classes I, II, and IV were significantly associated with developmental stage. NRG3 class I was increased in bipolar and major depressive disorder, consistent with observations in schizophrenia. NRG3 class II was increased in bipolar disorder, and class III was increased in major depression. The rs10748842 risk genotype predicted elevated class II and III expression, consistent with previous reports in the brain, with tissue-specific analyses suggesting that classes II and III are brain-specific isoforms of NRG3. CONCLUSIONS Mapping the temporal expression of genes during human brain development provides vital insight into gene function and identifies critical sensitive periods whereby genetic factors may influence risk for psychiatric disease. Here the authors provide comprehensive insight into the transcriptional landscape of the psychiatric risk gene, NRG3, in human neocortical development and expand on previous findings in schizophrenia to identify increased expression of developmentally and genetically regulated isoforms in the brain of patients with mood disorders. Principally, the finding that NRG3 classes II and III are brain-specific isoforms predicted by rs10748842 risk genotype and are increased in mood disorders further implicates a molecular mechanism of psychiatric risk at the NRG3 locus and identifies a potential developmental role for NRG3 in bipolar disorder and major depression. These observations encourage investigation of the neurobiology of NRG3 isoforms and highlight inhibition of NRG3 signaling as a potential target for psychiatric treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Paterson
- From the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora; the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the Department of Neurology, the Department of Neuroscience, and the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Yanhong Wang
- From the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora; the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the Department of Neurology, the Department of Neuroscience, and the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Thomas M. Hyde
- From the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora; the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the Department of Neurology, the Department of Neuroscience, and the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- From the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora; the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the Department of Neurology, the Department of Neuroscience, and the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Joel E. Kleinman
- From the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora; the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the Department of Neurology, the Department of Neuroscience, and the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Amanda J. Law
- From the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora; the Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, the Department of Neurology, the Department of Neuroscience, and the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore
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9
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Takekita Y, Fabbri C, Kato M, Nonen S, Sakai S, Sunada N, Koshikawa Y, Wakeno M, Okugawa G, Kinoshita T, Serretti A. Serotonin 7 Receptor Variants Are Not Associated with Response to Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Japanese Schizophrenia Patients. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 72:118-25. [PMID: 26609891 DOI: 10.1159/000441629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual differences in serotonin 7 receptor (5-HT7R) may result in variable response to antipsychotics with 5-HT7R antagonism. This study investigated the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5-HT7R gene (HTR7) and the efficacy of second-generation antipsychotic drugs with a high affinity for this receptor in Japanese schizophrenia. METHODS Perospirone or aripiprazole was administered to 100 patients with schizophrenia in a randomized controlled study. All patients were genotyped for three candidate SNPs (rs12412496, rs7916403, and rs1935349). Patient improvement on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score at 12 weeks was assessed as the primary outcome. PANSS 5-factor scores were investigated as the secondary outcome. RESULTS Improvement on the PANSS total score and genetic polymorphisms showed no correlation. The rs12412496-rs7916403-rs1935349 A-T-A haplotype was correlated with worse improvement in the cognition score (haplotype frequency: 0.285, p = 0.046, permuted p = 0.043). CONCLUSION Our results show that HTR7 variants are not related to the overall improvement in schizophrenia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiteru Takekita
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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10
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Harvey PD, Aslan M, Du M, Zhao H, Siever LJ, Pulver A, Gaziano JM, Concato J. Factor structure of cognition and functional capacity in two studies of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Implications for genomic studies. Neuropsychology 2016; 30:28-39. [PMID: 26710094 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impairments in cognition and everyday functioning are common in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BPD). In this article, we present factor analyses of cognitive and functional capacity (FC) measures based on 2 studies of schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar I disorder (BPI) using similar methods. The overall goal of these analyses was to determine whether performance-based assessments should be examined individually, or aggregated on the basis of the correlational structure of the tests, as well as to evaluate the similarity of factor structures of SCZ and BPI. METHOD Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program Study #572 (Harvey et al., 2014) evaluated cognitive and FC measures among 5,414 BPI and 3,942 SCZ patients. A 2nd study evaluated similar neuropsychological (NP) and FC measures among 368 BPI and 436 SCZ patients. Principal components analysis, as well as exploratory and CFAs, were used to examine the data. RESULTS Analyses in both datasets suggested that NP and FC measures were explained by a single underlying factor in BPI and SCZ patients, both when analyzed separately or as in a combined sample. The factor structure in both studies was similar, with or without inclusion of FC measures; homogeneous loadings were observed for that single factor across cognitive and FC domains across the samples. CONCLUSION The empirically derived factor model suggests that NP performance and FC are best explained as a single latent trait applicable to people with SCZ and BPD. This single measure may enhance the robustness of the analyses relating genomic data to performance-based phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Harvey
- Department of Research Service, Bruce W. Carter Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | - Mihaela Aslan
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System
| | - Mengtian Du
- Department of Statistics, Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Yale University
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System
| | - Larry J Siever
- Department of Psychiatry Service, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | - Ann Pulver
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veteran Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System
| | - John Concato
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System
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11
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Salmela E, Renvall H, Kujala J, Hakosalo O, Illman M, Vihla M, Leinonen E, Salmelin R, Kere J. Evidence for genetic regulation of the human parieto-occipital 10-Hz rhythmic activity. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:1963-71. [PMID: 27306141 PMCID: PMC5113795 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Several functional and morphological brain measures are partly under genetic control. The identification of direct links between neuroimaging signals and corresponding genetic factors can reveal cellular-level mechanisms behind the measured macroscopic signals and contribute to the use of imaging signals as probes of genetic function. To uncover possible genetic determinants of the most prominent brain signal oscillation, the parieto-occipital 10-Hz alpha rhythm, we measured spontaneous brain activity with magnetoencephalography in 210 healthy siblings while the subjects were resting, with eyes closed and open. The reactivity of the alpha rhythm was quantified from the difference spectra between the two conditions. We focused on three measures: peak frequency, peak amplitude and the width of the main spectral peak. In accordance with earlier electroencephalography studies, spectral peak amplitude was highly heritable (h(2) > 0.75). Variance component-based analysis of 28 000 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers revealed linkage for both the width and the amplitude of the spectral peak. The strongest linkage was detected for the width of the spectral peak over the left parieto-occipital cortex on chromosome 10 (LOD = 2.814, nominal P < 0.03). This genomic region contains several functionally plausible genes, including GRID1 and ATAD1 that regulate glutamate receptor channels mediating synaptic transmission, NRG3 with functions in brain development and HRT7 involved in the serotonergic system and circadian rhythm. Our data suggest that the alpha oscillation is in part genetically regulated, and that it may be possible to identify its regulators by genetic analyses on a realistically modest number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Salmela
- Molecular Neurology Research ProgramResearch Programs UnitUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 63FI‐00014HelsinkiFinland
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsBiomedicum HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Hanna Renvall
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical EngineeringAalto University School of ScienceEspooFinland
- Aalto NeuroimagingMEG CoreAalto UniversityEspooFinland
- Clinical Neurosciences, NeurologyUniversity of Helsinki and Department of NeurologyHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jan Kujala
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical EngineeringAalto University School of ScienceEspooFinland
- Aalto NeuroimagingMEG CoreAalto UniversityEspooFinland
| | - Osmo Hakosalo
- Molecular Neurology Research ProgramResearch Programs UnitUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 63FI‐00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Mia Illman
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical EngineeringAalto University School of ScienceEspooFinland
- Aalto NeuroimagingMEG CoreAalto UniversityEspooFinland
| | - Minna Vihla
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical EngineeringAalto University School of ScienceEspooFinland
- Aalto NeuroimagingMEG CoreAalto UniversityEspooFinland
- City of Helsinki Health CentreHelsinkiFinland
| | - Eira Leinonen
- Molecular Neurology Research ProgramResearch Programs UnitUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 63FI‐00014HelsinkiFinland
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsBiomedicum HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Riitta Salmelin
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical EngineeringAalto University School of ScienceEspooFinland
- Aalto NeuroimagingMEG CoreAalto UniversityEspooFinland
| | - Juha Kere
- Molecular Neurology Research ProgramResearch Programs UnitUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 63FI‐00014HelsinkiFinland
- Folkhälsan Institute of GeneticsBiomedicum HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Science for Life LaboratoryKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
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12
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Hayes LN, Shevelkin A, Zeledon M, Steel G, Chen PL, Obie C, Pulver A, Avramopoulos D, Valle D, Sawa A, Pletnikov MV. Neuregulin 3 Knockout Mice Exhibit Behaviors Consistent with Psychotic Disorders. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2016; 2:79-87. [PMID: 27606322 PMCID: PMC4996025 DOI: 10.1159/000445836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) is a paralog of NRG1. Genetic studies in schizophrenia demonstrate that risk variants in NRG3 are associated with cognitive and psychotic symptom severity, and several intronic single nucleotide polymorphisms in NRG3 are associated with delusions in patients with schizophrenia. In order to gain insights into the biological function of the gene, we generated a novel Nrg3 knockout (KO) mouse model and tested for neurobehavioral phenotypes relevant to psychotic disorders. KO mice displayed novelty-induced hyperactivity, impaired prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response, and deficient fear conditioning. No gross cytoarchitectonic or layer abnormalities were noted in the brain of KO mice. Our findings suggest that deletion of the Nrg3 gene leads to alterations consistent with aspects of schizophrenia. We propose that KO mice will provide a valuable animal model to determine the role of the NRG3 in the molecular pathogenesis of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay N. Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Alexey Shevelkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Mariela Zeledon
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Gary Steel
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cassandra Obie
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Ann Pulver
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Mikhail V. Pletnikov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
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13
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Thomas RA, Ambalavanan A, Rouleau GA, Barker PA. Identification of genetic variants of LGI1 and RTN4R (NgR1) linked to schizophrenia that are defective in NgR1-LGI1 signaling. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2016; 4:447-56. [PMID: 27468420 PMCID: PMC4947863 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The protein NgR1 is encoded by RTN4R, a gene linked to schizophrenia. We previously reported NgR1 as receptor for the epilepsy‐linked protein LGI1. NgR1 regulates synapse number and synaptic plasticity, whereas LGI1 antagonizes NgR1 signaling and promotes synapse formation. Impairments in synapse formation are common in neurological disease and we hypothesized that an LGI1–NgR1 signaling pathway may contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Methods We screened two unrelated schizophrenic populations for variants in RTN4R and LGI1 using whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. We tested the ability of LGI1 to bind rare coding variants of NgR1 using a cell surface binding assays and the signaling ability of NgR1 using COS7 cell‐spreading assays. Results We observed a previously reported rare coding variant in RTN4R (c.1195C>T, pR399W). We report the first LGI1 mutations to be identified in individuals with schizophrenia. Three different LGI1 mutations were found, two missense mutations (c.205G>A, p.V69I) and (c.313G>A, V105M), and an intronic variant (g.897T>C) that likely leads to a protein truncation. We found NgR1R119W and NgR1277C have a reduced ability to bind LGI1 in a cell surface binding assay. COS7 cell‐spreading assays reveal that NgR1 mutants are impaired in their ability to mediate RhoA activation. Conclusion Variants in NgR1 and LGI1 may be associated with schizophrenia and variants in NgR1 found in schizophrenic patients have impaired LGI1–NgR1 signaling. Impaired LGI1–NgR1 signaling may contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhalena A Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University 3801 University Montreal Quebec H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Amirthagowri Ambalavanan
- Department of Human Genetics McGill University 1205 Dr Penfield Avenue Montreal Quebec H3A 1B1 Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological InstituteMcGill University3801 UniversityMontrealQuebecH3A 2B4Canada; Department of Human GeneticsMcGill University1205 Dr Penfield AvenueMontrealQuebecH3A 1B1Canada
| | - Philip A Barker
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological InstituteMcGill University3801 UniversityMontrealQuebecH3A 2B4Canada; Department of BiologyUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaBC. V1V 1V7Canada
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14
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Moore RC, Harmell AL, Harvey PD, Bowie CR, Depp CA, Pulver AE, McGrath JA, Patterson TL, Cardenas V, Wolyniec P, Thornquist MH, Luke JR, Palmer BW, Jeste DV, Mausbach BT. Improving the understanding of the link between cognition and functional capacity in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:121-127. [PMID: 26427917 PMCID: PMC4681671 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficits in cognitive functioning are related to functional disability in people with serious mental illness. Measures of functional capacity are commonly used as a proxy for functional disabilities for cognitive remediation programs, and robust linear relationships between functional capacity and cognitive deficits are frequently observed. This study aimed to determine whether a curvilinear relationship better approximates the association between cognitive functioning and functional capacity. METHOD Two independent samples were studied. Study 1: participants with schizophrenia (n=435) and bipolar disorder (n=390) aged 18-83 completed a neuropsychological battery and a performance-based measure of functional capacity. Study 2: 205 participants with schizophrenia (age range=39-72) completed a brief neuropsychological screening battery and a performance-based measure of functional capacity. For both studies, linear and quadratic curve estimations were conducted with cognitive performance predicting functional capacity scores. RESULTS Significant linear and quadratic trends were observed for both studies. Study 1: in both the schizophrenia and bipolar participants, when cognitive composite z-scores were >0 (indicating normal to above normal performance), cognition was not related to functional capacity. Study 2: when neuropsychological screening battery z-scores were >-1 (indicating low average to average performance), cognition was not related to functional capacity. CONCLUSIONS These results illustrate that in cognitively normal adults with serious mental illness, the relationship between cognitive function and functional capacity is relatively weak. These findings may aid clinicians and researchers determine who may optimally benefit from cognitive remediation programs, with greater benefits possibly being achieved for individuals with cognitive deficits relative to individuals with normal cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeanne C Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Alexandrea L Harmell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States; San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Philip D Harvey
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States.
| | | | - Colin A Depp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Ann E Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - John A McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Thomas L Patterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States.
| | - Veronica Cardenas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Paula Wolyniec
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Mary H Thornquist
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - James R Luke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Barton W Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Brent T Mausbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States; Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
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15
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Role of the Neuregulin Signaling Pathway in Nicotine Dependence and Co-morbid Disorders. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 124:113-31. [PMID: 26472527 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is currently the leading cause of preventable death in the United States and is responsible for over four million deaths annually worldwide. Therefore, there is a vast clinical unmet need with regards to therapeutics targeting smoking cessation. This is even more apparent when examining smokers co-morbid with psychiatric illness, as rates of smoking in this population are ~4× higher than in the general population. Examining common genetic and molecular signaling pathways impinging upon both smoking behavior and psychiatric illness will lead to a better understanding of co-morbid disorders and potential development of novel therapeutics. Studies have implicated the Neuregulin Signaling Pathway in the pathophysiology of a number of psychiatric illnesses. Additionally, recent studies have also shown an association between the Neuregulin Signaling Pathway and smoking behaviors. This review outlines basic mechanisms of the Neuregulin Signaling Pathway and how it may be exploited for precision medicine approaches in treating nicotine dependence and mental illness.
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16
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Zeledón M, Eckart N, Taub M, Vernon H, Szymanski M, Wang R, Chen PL, Nestadt G, McGrath JA, Sawa A, Pulver AE, Avramopoulos D, Valle D. Identification and functional studies of regulatory variants responsible for the association of NRG3 with a delusion phenotype in schizophrenia. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2015; 1:36-46. [PMID: 26528484 PMCID: PMC4627703 DOI: 10.1159/000371518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported genetic linkage for Schizophrenia (SZ) (NPL of 4.7) at 10q22 in the Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) population. In follow up fine mapping we found strong evidence of association between three intronic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the 5' end of Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) and the delusion factor score of our phenotypic principal component analysis. Two independent groups replicated these findings, indicating that variants in NRG3 confer risk for a delusion-rich SZ subtype. To identify the causative variants, we sequenced the 162 kb linkage disequilibrium (LD) block covering the NRG3 5' end in 47 AJ SZ patients at the extremes of the delusion factor quantitative trait distribution. Among the identified variants we found 5 noncoding SNVs present on the high delusion factor haplotype and significantly overrepresented in high delusion factor subjects. We tested these for regulatory effects and found that risk alleles of rs10883866 and rs60827755 decreased and increased, respectively, the expression of a reporter gene as compared to the reference allele. In post-mortem brain RNA quantification experiments we found the same variants also perturb relative expression of alternative NRG3 isoforms. In summary, we have identified regulatory SNVs contributing to the association of NRG3 with delusion symptoms in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Zeledón
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Nicole Eckart
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Margaret Taub
- Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Hilary Vernon
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Megan Szymanski
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
- Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Ruihua Wang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Gerry Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - John A. McGrath
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
- Epidemiology-Genetics Program, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Ann E. Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
- Epidemiology-Genetics Program, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
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17
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Avramopoulos D, Pearce BD, McGrath J, Wolyniec P, Wang R, Eckart N, Hatzimanolis A, Goes FS, Nestadt G, Mulle J, Coneely K, Hopkins M, Ruczinski I, Yolken R, Pulver AE. Infection and inflammation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a genome wide study for interactions with genetic variation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116696. [PMID: 25781172 PMCID: PMC4363491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and maternal or fetal infections have been suggested as risk factors for schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP). It is likely that such environmental effects are contingent on genetic background. Here, in a genome-wide approach, we test the hypothesis that such exposures increase the risk for SZ and BP and that the increase is dependent on genetic variants. We use genome-wide genotype data, plasma IgG antibody measurements against Toxoplasma gondii, Herpes simplex virus type 1, Cytomegalovirus, Human Herpes Virus 6 and the food antigen gliadin as well as measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP), a peripheral marker of inflammation. The subjects are SZ cases, BP cases, parents of cases and screened controls. We look for higher levels of our immunity/infection variables and interactions between them and common genetic variation genome-wide. We find many of the antibody measurements higher in both disorders. While individual tests do not withstand correction for multiple comparisons, the number of nominally significant tests and the comparisons showing the expected direction are in significant excess (permutation p=0.019 and 0.004 respectively). We also find CRP levels highly elevated in SZ, BP and the mothers of BP cases, in agreement with existing literature, but possibly confounded by our inability to correct for smoking or body mass index. In our genome-wide interaction analysis no signal reached genome-wide significance, yet many plausible candidate genes emerged. In a hypothesis driven test, we found multiple interactions among SZ-associated SNPs in the HLA region on chromosome 6 and replicated an interaction between CMV infection and genotypes near the CTNNA3 gene reported by a recent GWAS. Our results support that inflammatory processes and infection may modify the risk for psychosis and suggest that the genotype at SZ-associated HLA loci modifies the effect of these variables on the risk to develop SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- McKusick Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brad D. Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - John McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Paula Wolyniec
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Ruihua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Nicole Eckart
- McKusick Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Alexandros Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Fernando S. Goes
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Mulle
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Karen Coneely
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Myfanwy Hopkins
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Bloomberg School of Public Heath, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert Yolken
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Ann E. Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Functional variants in DPYSL2 sequence increase risk of schizophrenia and suggest a link to mTOR signaling. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 5:61-72. [PMID: 25416705 PMCID: PMC4291470 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.015636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Numerous linkage and association studies by our group and others have implicated DPYSL2 at 8p21.2 in schizophrenia. Here we explore DPYSL2 for functional variation that underlies these associations. We sequenced all 14 exons of DPYSL2 as well as 27 conserved noncoding regions at the locus in 137 cases and 151 controls. We identified 120 variants, eight of which we genotyped in an additional 729 cases and 1542 controls. Several were significantly associated with schizophrenia, including a three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotype in the proximal promoter, two SNPs in intron 1, and a polymorphic dinucleotide repeat in the 5′-untranslated region that alters sequences predicted to be involved in translational regulation by mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. The 3-SNP promoter haplotype and the sequence surrounding one of the intron 1 SNPs direct tissue-specific expression in the nervous systems of Zebrafish in a pattern consistent with the two endogenous dpysl2 paralogs. In addition, two SNP haplotypes over the coding exons and 3′ end of DPYSL2 showed association with opposing sex-specific risks. These data suggest that these polymorphic, schizophrenia-associated sequences function as regulatory elements for DPYSL2 expression. In transient transfection assays, the high risk allele of the polymorphic dinucleotide repeat diminished reporter expression by 3- to 4-fold. Both the high- and low-risk alleles respond to allosteric mTOR inhibition by rapamycin until, at high drug levels, allelic differences are eliminated. Our results suggest that reduced transcription and mTOR-regulated translation of certain DPYSL2 isoforms increase the risk for schizophrenia.
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Loos M, Mueller T, Gouwenberg Y, Wijnands R, van der Loo RJ, Birchmeier C, Smit AB, Spijker S. Neuregulin-3 in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex regulates impulsive action. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:648-55. [PMID: 24703509 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A deficit in impulse control is a prominent, heritable symptom in several psychiatric disorders, such as addiction, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. Here, we aimed to identify genes regulating impulsivity, specifically of impulsive action, in mice. METHODS Using the widely used 5-choice serial reaction time task, we measured impulsive action in 1) a panel of 41 BXD recombinant inbred strains of mice (n = 13.7 ± .8 per strain; n = 654 total) to detect underlying genetic loci; 2) congenic mice (n = 23) to replicate the identified locus; 3) mice overexpressing the Nrg3 candidate gene in the medial prefrontal cortex (n = 21); and 4) a Nrg3 loss-of-function mutant (n = 59) to functionally implicate the Nrg3 candidate gene in impulsivity. RESULTS Genetic mapping of impulsive action in the BXD panel identified a locus on chromosome 14 (34.5-41.4 Mb), syntenic with the human 10q22-q23 schizophrenia-susceptibility locus. Congenic mice carrying the impulsivity locus (Impu1) confirmed its influence on impulsive action. Increased impulsivity was associated with increased Nrg3 gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Viral overexpression of Nrg3 in the mPFC increased impulsivity, whereas a constitutive Nrg3 loss-of-function mutation decreased it. CONCLUSIONS The causal relation between Nrg3 expression in the mPFC and level of impulsive action shown here provides a mechanism by which polymorphism in NRG3 in humans contributes to a specific cognitive deficit seen in several psychiatric diseases, such as addiction, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Loos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam; Sylics (Synaptologics BV), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Developmental Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Gouwenberg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam
| | - Ruud Wijnands
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam; Sylics (Synaptologics BV), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolinka J van der Loo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam; Sylics (Synaptologics BV), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Department of Developmental Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam.
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Paterson C, Law AJ. Transient overexposure of neuregulin 3 during early postnatal development impacts selective behaviors in adulthood. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104172. [PMID: 25093331 PMCID: PMC4122441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin 3 (NRG3), a specific ligand for ErbB4 and a neuronal-enriched neurotrophin is implicated in the genetic predisposition to a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental, neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, autism and schizophrenia. Genetic studies in schizophrenia demonstrate that risk variants in NRG3 are associated with cognitive and psychotic symptom severity, accompanied by increased expression of prefrontal cortical NRG3. Despite our expanding knowledge of genetic involvement of NRG3 in neurological disorders, little is known about the neurodevelopmental mechanisms of risk. Here we exploited the fact that a paralog of NRG3, NRG1, readily penetrates the murine blood brain barrier (BBB). In this study we synthesized the bioactive epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain of NRG3, and using previously validated in-vivo peripheral injection methodologies in neonatal mice, demonstrate that NRG3 successfully crosses the BBB, where it activates its receptor ErbB4 and downstream Akt signaling at levels of bioactivity comparable to NRG1. To determine the impact of NRG3 overexpression during one critical developmental window, C57BL/6 male mice were subcutaneously injected daily with NRG1-EGF, NRG3-EGF or vehicle from postnatal days 2–10. Mice were tested in adulthood using a comprehensive battery of behavioral tasks relevant to neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders. In agreement with previous studies, developmental overexposure to NRG1 induced multiple non-CNS mediated peripheral effects as well as severely disrupting performance of prepulse inhibition of the startle response. In contrast, NRG3 had no effect on any peripheral measures investigated or sensorimotor gating. Specifically, developmental NRG3 overexposure produced an anxiogenic-like phenotype and deficits in social behavior in adulthood. These results provide primary data to support a role for NRG3 in brain development and function, which appears to be distinct from its paralog NRG1. Furthermore we demonstrate how perturbations in NRG3 expression at distinct developmental stages may contribute to the neurological deficits observed in brain disorders such as schizophrenia and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Paterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Amanda J. Law
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Abstract
The neuregulin 3 gene (NRG3) plays pleiotropic roles in neurodevelopment and is a putative susceptibility locus for schizophrenia. Specifically, the T allele of NRG3 rs10748842 has been associated with illness risk, altered cognitive function, and the expression of a novel splice isoform in prefrontal cortex (PFC), but the neural system effects are unexplored. Here, we report an association between rs10748842 and PFC physiology as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging of human working memory performance, where a convincing link between increased genetic risk for schizophrenia and increased activation in some PFC areas has been established. In 410 control individuals (195 males, 215 females), we detected a highly significant effect of NRG3 genotype manifesting as an unanticipated increase in ventrolateral PFC activation in nonrisk-associated C allele carriers. An additional analysis including 78 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (64 males, 14 females) and 123 unaffected siblings (53 males, 70 females) revealed a whole-brain significant genotype by group interaction in right dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), manifesting as a relative activation increase in healthy controls and siblings (C > T/T) and as a hypoactivation in patients (T/T > C). These observed genotype-dependent effects in PFC were not explained by task performance and did not conform to established locales of prefrontal inefficiency linked to genetic risk for schizophrenia. Our data indicate a complex modulation of brain physiology by rs10748842, which does not fit the simple inefficiency model of risk association in DLPFC and suggests that other neurobiological mechanisms are involved.
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Chen WJ. Taiwan Schizophrenia Linkage Study: lessons learned from endophenotype-based genome-wide linkage scans and perspective. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2013; 162B:636-47. [PMID: 24132895 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Taiwan Schizophrenia Linkage Study (TSLS) was initiated with a linkage strategy for locating multiple genes, each of small to moderate effect, and aimed to recruit a large enough sample of pairs of affected siblings and their families ascertained from a multisite study. With a sample of 607 families successfully recruited, a total of 2,242 individuals (1,207 affected and 1,035 unaffected) from 557 families were genotyped using 386 microsatellite markers spaced at an average of 9-cM intervals. Here the author reviews the establishment of TSLS and initial signal derived from linkage scan using the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Based on the limited success of the initial linkage analysis, a sufficient-component causal model is proposed to incorporate endophenotypes and genes for schizophrenia. Four types of candidate endophenotype measured in TSLS, including schizotypal personality, Continuous Performance Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and niacin skin flush test, are briefly described. The author discusses different strategies of linkage analysis incorporating these endophenotypes, including quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage analysis, clustering-derived subgroups, ordered subset analysis (OSA), and latent classes for linkage scan. Then the author summarizes the linkage signals generated from seven studies of endophenotype-based linkage analysis using TSLS, including QTL scan of neurocognitive performance, QTL scan of niacin skin flush, the family cluster of attention deficit and execution deficit, OSA by schizophrenia-schizotypy factors, nested OSA by age at onset and neurocognitive performance, and the latent class of deficit schizophrenia for linkage analysis. The perspective of combining next-generation sequencing with linkage analysis of families is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei J Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Genetic Epidemiology Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Giannuzzi G, Pazienza M, Huddleston J, Antonacci F, Malig M, Vives L, Eichler EE, Ventura M. Hominoid fission of chromosome 14/15 and the role of segmental duplications. Genome Res 2013; 23:1763-73. [PMID: 24077392 PMCID: PMC3814877 DOI: 10.1101/gr.156240.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ape chromosomes homologous to human chromosomes 14 and 15 were generated by a fission event of an ancestral submetacentric chromosome, where the two chromosomes were joined head-to-tail. The hominoid ancestral chromosome most closely resembles the macaque chromosome 7. In this work, we provide insights into the evolution of human chromosomes 14 and 15, performing a comparative study between macaque boundary region 14/15 and the orthologous human regions. We construct a 1.6-Mb contig of macaque BAC clones in the region orthologous to the ancestral hominoid fission site and use it to define the structural changes that occurred on human 14q pericentromeric and 15q subtelomeric regions. We characterize the novel euchromatin–heterochromatin transition region (∼20 Mb) acquired during the neocentromere establishment on chromosome 14, and find it was mainly derived through pericentromeric duplications from ancestral hominoid chromosomes homologous to human 2q14–qter and 10. Further, we show a relationship between evolutionary hotspots and low-copy repeat loci for chromosome 15, revealing a possible role of segmental duplications not only in mediating but also in “stitching” together rearrangement breakpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Giannuzzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari 70125, Italy
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24
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Wang KS, Xu N, Wang L, Aragon L, Ciubuc R, Arana TB, Mao C, Petty L, Briones D, Su BB, Luo X, Camarillo C, Escamilla MA, Xu C. NRG3 gene is associated with the risk and age at onset of Alzheimer disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 121:183-92. [PMID: 24061483 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-1091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) gene at 10q22-q24 has been implicated in multiple psychiatric traits such as cognitive impairment. We therefore hypothesized that NRG3 gene polymorphisms may play a role in Alzheimer disease (AD). This present study explored the association of NRG3 with the age at onset (AAO) of AD and the risk of developing AD. Secondary data analysis of 257 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NRG3 gene was performed in 806 Alzheimer's disease patients and 782 controls using logistic regression and linear regression analyses. Eight SNPs were associated with the risk of AD (p < 0.05), while linear regression analysis showed 33 SNPs associated with the AAO of AD (p < 0.05). Two-SNP haplotype analyses based on UNPHASED revealed that the G-C haplotype from rs17685233 and rs17101017 was significantly associated with AD (p = 0.0031) and the A-G haplotype from rs504522 and rs474018 as well as the A-G haplotype from rs504522 and rs2483295 were more significantly associated with the AAO of AD (p = 6.72 × 10(-5)). Using an independent family-based sample, we found one SNP rs11192423 associated with AAO both in the case-control sample (p = 0.0155) and in the family sample (p = 0.0166). In addition, we observed nominally significant associations with AD and AAO for several flanking SNPs (p < 0.05). This is the first study demonstrating that genetic variants in the NRG3 gene play a role in AD. Our results also revealed that SNPs in the NRG3 genes were more strongly associated with AAO of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Sheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, PO Box 70259, Lamb Hall, Johnson City, TN, 37614-1700, USA,
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25
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Bernstein HG, Stricker R, Dobrowolny H, Steiner J, Bogerts B, Trübner K, Reiser G. Nardilysin in human brain diseases: both friend and foe. Amino Acids 2013; 45:269-78. [PMID: 23604405 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nardilysin is a metalloprotease that cleaves peptides, such as dynorphin-A, α-neoendorphin, and glucagon, at the N-terminus of arginine and lysine residues in dibasic moieties. It has various functionally important molecular interaction partners (heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, tumour necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme, neuregulin 1, beta-secretase 1, malate dehydrogenase, P42(IP4)/centaurin-α1, the histone H3 dimethyl Lys4, and others) and is involved in a plethora of normal brain functions. Less is known about possible implications of nardilysin for brain diseases. This review, which includes some of our own recent findings, attempts to summarize the current knowledge on possible roles of nardilysin in Alzheimer disease, Down syndrome, schizophrenia, mood disorders, alcohol abuse, heroin addiction, and cancer. We herein show that nardilysin is a Janus-faced enzyme with regard to brain pathology, being probably neuropathogenic in some diseases, but neuroprotective in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-G Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-v.-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany.
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26
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Neuregulin 3 is associated with attention deficits in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:549-56. [PMID: 22831755 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145712000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Linkage and fine mapping studies have established that the neuregulin 3 gene (NRG3) is a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia. Association studies of this disorder have implicated NRG3 variants in both psychotic symptoms and attention performance. Psychotic symptoms and cognitive deficits are also frequent features of bipolar disorder. The aims of the present study were to extend analysis of the association between NRG3 and psychotic symptoms and attention in schizophrenia and to determine whether these associations also apply to bipolar disorder. A total of 358 patients with schizophrenia and 111 patients with bipolar disorder were included. Psychotic symptoms were evaluated using the Operational Criteria Checklist for Psychotic Illness (OPCRIT) and attention performance was assessed using the Trail Making Test (TMT). Symptoms and performance scores were then tested for association with the NRG3 variant rs6584400. A significant association was found between the number of rs6584400 minor alleles and the total OPCRIT score for psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients, minor allele carriers of rs6584400 outperformed homozygous major allele carriers in the TMT. The results suggest that rs6584400 is associated with psychotic symptoms and attention performance in schizophrenia. The finding of a significant association between rs6584400 and attention performance in bipolar disorder supports the hypothesis that this NRG3 variant confers genetic susceptibility to cognitive deficits in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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27
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Zhang R, Du XY, Yu J, Xu N, Zheng YW, Zhao YL, Zhang H, Ma J. No genetic evidence for Neuregulin 3 conferring risk of schizophrenia in the Chinese population. Psychiatry Res 2013; 205:279-81. [PMID: 22981155 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We genotyped 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) to investigate the association between NRG3 and schizophrenia in 488 patients and 506 controls in Northwest China. No association was detected either in SNPs or in haplotypes. Our study provided no evidence that NRG3 confers a risk of schizophrenia susceptibility in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
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28
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Guan F, Wei S, Feng J, Zhang C, Xing B, Zhang H, Gao C, Yang H, Li S. Association study of a new schizophrenia susceptibility locus of 10q24.32-33 in a Han Chinese population. Schizophr Res 2012; 138:63-8. [PMID: 22520855 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a new schizophrenia susceptibility locus 10q24.32-q24.33, containing two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs7914558 and rs11191580), was identified in a genome-wide association study. To examine if this locus is associated with schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population, we analyzed six SNPs, including two SNPs within the region of interest. The sample consisted of 1430 schizophrenia cases and 1570 controls from genetically independent members of the Han population. Single-SNP association, haplotype association and sex-specific association analyses were performed. Three SNPs, rs7914558 (p=1.41×10(-4); OR=1.11; 95% CI 1.05-1.17), rs12220375 (p=1.18×10(-4); OR=1.06; 95% CI 1.03-1.09) and rs11191580 (p=3.03×10(-4); OR=1.05; 95% CI 1.02-1.10), mapped to the locus and were significantly associated in our sample set. Further genotype and haplotype association analyses suggested a similar pattern. Similar to results from European populations, our results provide further evidence that this region associated with schizophrenia in Han Chinese. Results also confirm previous reports suggesting that 10q24.32-q24.33 offers an intriguing new insight into the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and may play an important role in its etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
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29
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Deletion of glutamate delta-1 receptor in mouse leads to aberrant emotional and social behaviors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32969. [PMID: 22412961 PMCID: PMC3296759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The delta family of ionotropic glutamate receptors consists of glutamate δ1 (GluD1) and glutamate δ2 (GluD2) receptors. While the role of GluD2 in the regulation of cerebellar physiology is well understood, the function of GluD1 in the central nervous system remains elusive. We demonstrate for the first time that deletion of GluD1 leads to abnormal emotional and social behaviors. We found that GluD1 knockout mice (GluD1 KO) were hyperactive, manifested lower anxiety-like behavior, depression-like behavior in a forced swim test and robust aggression in the resident-intruder test. Chronic lithium rescued the depression-like behavior in GluD1 KO. GluD1 KO mice also manifested deficits in social interaction. In the sociability test, GluD1 KO mice spent more time interacting with an inanimate object compared to a conspecific mouse. D-Cycloserine (DCS) administration was able to rescue social interaction deficits observed in GluD1 KO mice. At a molecular level synaptoneurosome preparations revealed lower GluA1 and GluA2 subunit expression in the prefrontal cortex and higher GluA1, GluK2 and PSD95 expression in the amygdala of GluD1 KO. Moreover, DCS normalized the lower GluA1 expression in prefrontal cortex of GluD1 KO. We propose that deletion of GluD1 leads to aberrant circuitry in prefrontal cortex and amygdala owing to its potential role in presynaptic differentiation and synapse formation. Furthermore, these findings are in agreement with the human genetic studies suggesting a strong association of GRID1 gene with several neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders and major depressive disorder.
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Mausbach BT, Depp CA, Bowie CR, Harvey PD, McGrath JA, Thronquist MH, Luke JR, Wolyniec PS, Pulver AE, Patterson TL. Sensitivity and specificity of the UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment (UPSA-B) for identifying functional milestones in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2011; 132:165-70. [PMID: 21843926 PMCID: PMC3195873 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly debilitating illness that often results in disruption to independent living and employment. However, "gold standard" methods of assessing functional abilities to achieve these milestones are still lacking. In a sample of 367 individuals with schizophrenia, we examined the sensitivity and specificity of the Brief UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment (UPSA-B) to predict both residential and employment status. Of all individuals residing independently, 75.9% scored 78 or above on the UPSA-B, and of all individuals not residing independently, 59% scored below 78 on the UPSA-B. Of individuals who were employed, 73.9% scored above 82 on the UPSA-B, and of those not employed, 57.8% scored below 82. These results expand upon both the population base and functional milestones with which the UPSA-B is validated, although future work should examine whether the UPSA-B can be used as a decision aid in the likelihood of success in a longitudinal study, such as at critical transitions (post-hospitalization, cessation of supported housing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent T Mausbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States.
| | - Colin A Depp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego
| | | | | | - John A McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Mary H Thronquist
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - James R Luke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Paula S Wolyniec
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Ann E Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Araud T, Graw S, Berger R, Lee M, Neveu E, Bertrand D, Leonard S. The chimeric gene CHRFAM7A, a partial duplication of the CHRNA7 gene, is a dominant negative regulator of α7*nAChR function. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:904-14. [PMID: 21718690 PMCID: PMC3162115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA7) is a candidate gene for schizophrenia and an important drug target for cognitive deficits in the disorder. Activation of the α7*nAChR, results in opening of the channel and entry of mono- and divalent cations, including Ca(2+), that presynaptically participates to neurotransmitter release and postsynaptically to down-stream changes in gene expression. Schizophrenic patients have low levels of α7*nAChR, as measured by binding of the ligand [(125)I]-α-bungarotoxin (I-BTX). The structure of the gene, CHRNA7, is complex. During evolution, CHRNA7 was partially duplicated as a chimeric gene (CHRFAM7A), which is expressed in the human brain and elsewhere in the body. The association between a 2bp deletion in CHRFAM7A and schizophrenia suggested that this duplicate gene might contribute to cognitive impairment. To examine the putative contribution of CHRFAM7A on receptor function, co-expression of α7 and the duplicate genes was carried out in cell lines and Xenopus oocytes. Expression of the duplicate alone yielded protein expression but no functional receptor and co-expression with α7 caused a significant reduction of the amplitude of the ACh-evoked currents. Reduced current amplitude was not correlated with a reduction of I-BTX binding, suggesting the presence of non-functional (ACh-silent) receptors. This hypothesis is supported by a larger increase of the ACh-evoked current by the allosteric modulator 1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-3-(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-urea (PNU-120596) in cells expressing the duplicate than in the control. These results suggest that CHRFAM7A acts as a dominant negative modulator of CHRNA7 function and is critical for receptor regulation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Araud
- Department of Neurosciences Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Pasaje CF, Bae JS, Park BL, Cheong HS, Kim JH, Park TJ, Lee JS, Kim Y, Park CS, Kim BJ, Cha B, Kim JW, Choi WH, Shin TM, Choi IG, Hwang J, Shin HD, Woo SI. Neuregulin 3 does not confer risk for schizophrenia and smooth pursuit eye movement abnormality in a Korean population. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2011; 10:828-33. [PMID: 21762460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2011.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Located on chromosome 10q22-q23, the human neuregulin3 (NRG3) is considered to be a strong positional and functional candidate gene for schizophrenia pathogenesis. Several case-control studies examining the association of polymorphisms in NRG3 with schizophrenia and/or related traits such as delusion have been reported recently in cohorts of Han Chinese, Ashkenazi Jews, Australians and white Americans of Western European ancestry. Thus, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the association of NRG3 genetic variations with the risk of schizophrenia and smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) abnormality in a Korean population. Using TaqMan assay, six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the intronic region of NRG3 were genotyped and two major haplotypes were identified in 435 patients with schizophrenia as cases and 393 unrelated healthy individuals as controls. A total of 113 schizophrenia patients underwent an eye tracking task, and degree of SPEM abnormality was measured using the logarithmic values of the signal/noise (Ln S/N) ratio. Differences in frequency distributions were analyzed using logistic and regression models following various modes of genetic inheritance and controlling for age and sex as covariates. Subsequent analysis revealed that the frequency distributions of NRG3 polymorphisms and haplotypes were similar between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls of Korean ethnicity. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed between the genetic variants tested for SPEM abnormality. By elucidating a lack of association in a Korean population, findings from this study may contribute to the understanding of the genetic etiology focusing on the role of NRG3 in schizophrenia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-F Pasaje
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Morar B, Dragović M, Waters FAV, Chandler D, Kalaydjieva L, Jablensky A. Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) as a susceptibility gene in a schizophrenia subtype with florid delusions and relatively spared cognition. Mol Psychiatry 2011; 16:860-6. [PMID: 20548296 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2010.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Linkage of 10q22-q23 to schizophrenia and the recently reported association of Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) polymorphisms with high 'delusion factor' scores led us to attempt replication and further refinement of these findings in a sample of 411 schizophrenic patients and 223 nonpsychiatric control subjects. Using quantitative cognitive traits, patients were grouped into a cluster with pervasive cognitive deficit (CD) and a cluster with relatively spared cognition (CS). We found a significant association between rs6584400 and schizophrenia, with a trend for rs10883866. Post hoc analysis revealed that this result was mainly due to the CS cluster, characterized by elevated scores on Schneiderian first-rank symptoms, salience of complex delusions and positive thought disorder--thus closely related to the 'delusion factor'. In addition, both rs6584400 and rs10883866 were associated with the degraded-stimulus continuous performance task in which 'risk' alleles were associated with better than average performance in patients and worse performance in controls. This suggests that NRG3 may be modulating early attentional processes for perceptual sensitivity and vigilance, with opposite effects in affected individuals and healthy controls. The two single-nucleotide polymorphisms are in close proximity to the alternative first exons of the NRG3-a, -b and -d isoforms, of which the human brain-specific NRG-b appears to be the most interesting candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Morar
- Centre for Medical Research/Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Liu CM, Fann CSJ, Chen CY, Liu YL, Oyang YJ, Yang WC, Chang CC, Wen CC, Chen WJ, Hwang TJ, Hsieh MH, Liu CC, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Hwu HG. ANXA7, PPP3CB, DNAJC9, and ZMYND17 genes at chromosome 10q22 associated with the subgroup of schizophrenia with deficits in attention and executive function. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 70:51-8. [PMID: 21531385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A genome scan of Taiwanese schizophrenia families suggested linkage to chromosome 10q22.3. We aimed to find the candidate genes in this region. METHODS A total of 476 schizophrenia families were included. Hierarchical clustering method was used for clustering families to homogeneous subgroups according to their performances of sustained attention and executive function. Association analysis was performed using family-based association testing and TRANSMIT. Candidate associated regions were identified using the longest significance run method. The relative messenger RNA expression level was determined using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS First, we genotyped 18 microsatellite markers between D10S1432 and D10S1239. The maximum nonparametric linkage score was 2.79 on D10S195. Through family clustering, we found the maximum nonparametric linkage score was 3.70 on D10S195 in the family cluster with deficits in attention and executive function. Second, we genotyped 79 single nucleotide polymorphisms between D10S1432 and D10S580 in 90 attention deficit and execution deficit families. Association analysis indicated significant transmission distortion for nine single nucleotide polymorphisms. Using the longest significance run method, we identified a 427-kilobase region as a significant candidate region, which encompasses nine genes. Third, we studied messenger RNA expression of these nine genes in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastic cells. In schizophrenic patients, there was significantly lower expression of ANXA7, PPP3CB, and DNAJC9 and significantly higher expression of ZMYND17. CONCLUSIONS ANXA7, PPP3CB, DNAJC9, and ZMYND17 genes are potential candidate genes for schizophrenia, especially in patients with deficits in sustained attention and executive function. The responsible functional variants remained to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun Lin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
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Abstract
Calcyon regulates activity-dependent internalization of α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) glutamate receptors and long-term depression of excitatory synapses. Elevated levels of calcyon are consistently observed in brains from schizophrenic patients, and the calcyon gene is associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Executive function deficits are common to both disorders, and at least for schizophrenia, the etiology appears to involve both heritable and neurodevelopmental factors. Here, we show with calcyon-overexpressing Cal(OE) transgenic mice that lifelong calcyon upregulation impairs executive functions including response inhibition and working memory, without producing learning and memory deficits in general. As response inhibition and working memory, as well as the underlying neural circuitry, continue to mature into early adulthood, we functionally silenced the transgene during postnatal days 28-49, a period corresponding to adolescence. Remarkably, the response inhibition and working memory deficits including perseverative behavior were absent in adult Cal(OE) mice with the transgene silenced in adolescence. Suppressing the calcyon transgene in adulthood only partially rescued the deficits, suggesting calcyon upregulation in adolescence irreversibly alters development of neural circuits supporting mature response inhibition and working memory. Brain regional immunoblots revealed a prominent downregulation of AMPA GluR1 subunits in hippocampus and GluR2/3 subunits in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the Cal(OE) mice. Silencing the transgene in adolescence prevented the decrease in hippocampal GluR1, further implicating altered fronto-hippocampal connectivity in the executive function deficits observed in the Cal(OE) mice. Treatments that mitigate the effects of high levels of calcyon during adolescence could preempt adult deficits in executive functions in individuals at risk for serious mental illness.
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Matthys A, Haegeman G, Van Craenenbroeck K, Vanhoenacker P. Role of the 5-HT7 receptor in the central nervous system: from current status to future perspectives. Mol Neurobiol 2011; 43:228-53. [PMID: 21424680 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-011-8175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological and genetic tools targeting the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)7 receptor in preclinical animal models have implicated this receptor in diverse (patho)physiological processes of the central nervous system (CNS). Some data obtained with 5-HT7 receptor knockout mice, selective antagonists, and, to a lesser extent, agonists, however, are quite contradictory. In this review, we not only discuss in detail the role of the 5-HT7 receptor in the CNS but also propose some hypothetical models, which could explain the observed inconsistencies. These models are based on two novel concepts within the field of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), namely biphasic signaling and G protein-independent signaling, which both have been shown to be mediated by GPCR dimerization. This led us to suggest that the 5-HT7 receptor could reside in different dimeric contexts and initiate different signaling pathways, depending on the neuronal circuitry and/or brain region. In conclusion, we highlight GPCR dimerization and G protein-independent signaling as two promising future directions in 5-HT7 receptor research, which ultimately might lead to the development of more efficient dimer- and/or pathway-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Matthys
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST), Department of Physiology, Ghent University (UGent), Ghent, Belgium
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van Bon BWM, Balciuniene J, Fruhman G, Nagamani SCS, Broome DL, Cameron E, Martinet D, Roulet E, Jacquemont S, Beckmann JS, Irons M, Potocki L, Lee B, Cheung SW, Patel A, Bellini M, Selicorni A, Ciccone R, Silengo M, Vetro A, Knoers NV, de Leeuw N, Pfundt R, Wolf B, Jira P, Aradhya S, Stankiewicz P, Brunner HG, Zuffardi O, Selleck SB, Lupski JR, de Vries BBA. The phenotype of recurrent 10q22q23 deletions and duplications. Eur J Hum Genet 2011; 19:400-8. [PMID: 21248748 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic architecture of the 10q22q23 region is characterised by two low-copy repeats (LCRs3 and 4), and deletions in this region appear to be rare. We report the clinical and molecular characterisation of eight novel deletions and six duplications within the 10q22.3q23.3 region. Five deletions and three duplications occur between LCRs3 and 4, whereas three deletions and three duplications have unique breakpoints. Most of the individuals with the LCR3-4 deletion had developmental delay, mainly affecting speech. In addition, macrocephaly, mild facial dysmorphisms, cerebellar anomalies, cardiac defects and congenital breast aplasia were observed. For congenital breast aplasia, the NRG3 gene, known to be involved in early mammary gland development in mice, is a putative candidate gene. For cardiac defects, BMPR1A and GRID1 are putative candidate genes because of their association with cardiac structure and function. Duplications between LCRs3 and 4 are associated with variable phenotypic penetrance. Probands had speech and/or motor delays and dysmorphisms including a broad forehead, deep-set eyes, upslanting palpebral fissures, a smooth philtrum and a thin upper lip. In conclusion, duplications between LCRs3 and 4 on 10q22.3q23.2 may lead to a distinct facial appearance and delays in speech and motor development. However, the phenotypic spectrum is broad, and duplications have also been found in healthy family members of a proband. Reciprocal deletions lead to speech and language delay, mild facial dysmorphisms and, in some individuals, to cerebellar, breast developmental and cardiac defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bregje W M van Bon
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Kurian SM, Le-Niculescu H, Patel SD, Bertram D, Davis J, Dike C, Yehyawi N, Lysaker P, Dustin J, Caligiuri M, Lohr J, Lahiri DK, Nurnberger JI, Faraone SV, Geyer MA, Tsuang MT, Schork NJ, Salomon DR, Niculescu AB. Identification of blood biomarkers for psychosis using convergent functional genomics. Mol Psychiatry 2011; 16:37-58. [PMID: 19935739 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There are to date no objective clinical laboratory blood tests for psychotic disease states. We provide proof of principle for a convergent functional genomics (CFG) approach to help identify and prioritize blood biomarkers for two key psychotic symptoms, one sensory (hallucinations) and one cognitive (delusions). We used gene expression profiling in whole blood samples from patients with schizophrenia and related disorders, with phenotypic information collected at the time of blood draw, then cross-matched the data with other human and animal model lines of evidence. Topping our list of candidate blood biomarkers for hallucinations, we have four genes decreased in expression in high hallucinations states (Fn1, Rhobtb3, Aldh1l1, Mpp3), and three genes increased in high hallucinations states (Arhgef9, Phlda1, S100a6). All of these genes have prior evidence of differential expression in schizophrenia patients. At the top of our list of candidate blood biomarkers for delusions, we have 15 genes decreased in expression in high delusions states (such as Drd2, Apoe, Scamp1, Fn1, Idh1, Aldh1l1), and 16 genes increased in high delusions states (such as Nrg1, Egr1, Pvalb, Dctn1, Nmt1, Tob2). Twenty-five of these genes have prior evidence of differential expression in schizophrenia patients. Predictive scores, based on panels of top candidate biomarkers, show good sensitivity and negative predictive value for detecting high psychosis states in the original cohort as well as in three additional cohorts. These results have implications for the development of objective laboratory tests to measure illness severity and response to treatment in devastating disorders such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kurian
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Replication of an association of a common variant in the Reelin gene (RELN) with schizophrenia in Ashkenazi Jewish women. Psychiatr Genet 2010; 20:184-6. [PMID: 20431428 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e32833a220b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs7341475) in RELN has recently been shown to be associated with schizophrenia (SZ) in an Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) case--control study specifically in women by Shifman et al. We have replicated this association in women in another large independent Ashkenazi Jewish collection (721 cases, 259 female; 1455 controls, 834 female) and confirmed that it applies to both SZ and schizoaffective disorder. Furthermore, we explore the effects of this polymorphism through quantitative trait loci analysis of nine SZ related factors providing information on sex-specific genotype--phenotype correlations.
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40
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Common genetic variation in Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) influences risk for schizophrenia and impacts NRG3 expression in human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:15619-24. [PMID: 20713722 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1005410107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural and polymorphic variations in Neuregulin 3 (NRG3), 10q22-23 are associated with a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders including developmental delay, cognitive impairment, autism, and schizophrenia. NRG3 is a member of the neuregulin family of EGF proteins and a ligand for the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase that plays pleotropic roles in neurodevelopment. Several genes in the NRG-ErbB signaling pathway including NRG1 and ErbB4 have been implicated in genetic predisposition to schizophrenia. Previous fine mapping of the 10q22-23 locus in schizophrenia identified genome-wide significant association between delusion severity and polymorphisms in intron 1 of NRG3 (rs10883866, rs10748842, and rs6584400). The biological mechanisms remain unknown. We identified significant association of these SNPs with increased risk for schizophrenia in 350 families with an affected offspring and confirmed association to patient delusion and positive symptom severity. Molecular cloning and cDNA sequencing in human brain revealed that NRG3 undergoes complex splicing, giving rise to multiple structurally distinct isoforms. RNA expression profiling of these isoforms in the prefrontal cortex of 400 individuals revealed that NRG3 expression is developmentally regulated and pathologically increased in schizophrenia. Moreover, we show that rs10748842 lies within a DNA ultraconserved element and homedomain and strongly predicts brain expression of NRG3 isoforms that contain a unique developmentally regulated 5' exon (P = 1.097E(-12) to 1.445E(-15)). Our observations strengthen the evidence that NRG3 is a schizophrenia susceptibility gene, provide quantitative insight into NRG3 transcription traits in the human brain, and reveal a probable mechanistic basis for disease association.
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Mulle JG, Dodd AF, McGrath JA, Wolyniec PS, Mitchell AA, Shetty AC, Sobreira NL, Valle D, Rudd MK, Satten G, Cutler DJ, Pulver AE, Warren ST. Microdeletions of 3q29 confer high risk for schizophrenia. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 87:229-36. [PMID: 20691406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe psychiatric illness that affects approximately 1% of the population and has a strong genetic underpinning. Recently, genome-wide analysis of copy-number variation (CNV) has implicated rare and de novo events as important in SZ. Here, we report a genome-wide analysis of 245 SZ cases and 490 controls, all of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. Because many studies have found an excess burden of large, rare deletions in cases, we limited our analysis to deletions over 500 kb in size. We observed seven large, rare deletions in cases, with 57% of these being de novo. We focused on one 836 kb de novo deletion at chromosome 3q29 that falls within a 1.3-1.6 Mb deletion previously identified in children with intellectual disability (ID) and autism, because increasing evidence suggests an overlap of specific rare copy-number variants (CNVs) between autism and SZ. By combining our data with prior CNV studies of SZ and analysis of the data of the Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN), we identified six 3q29 deletions among 7545 schizophrenic subjects and one among 39,748 controls, resulting in a statistically significant association with SZ (p = 0.02) and an odds ratio estimate of 17 (95% confidence interval: 1.36-1198.4). Moreover, this 3q29 deletion region contains two linkage peaks from prior SZ family studies, and the minimal deletion interval implicates 20 annotated genes, including PAK2 and DLG1, both paralogous to X-linked ID genes and now strong candidates for SZ susceptibility.
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42
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Mausbach BT, Harvey PD, Pulver AE, Depp CA, Wolyniec PS, Thornquist MH, Luke JR, McGrath JA, Bowie C, Patterson TL. Relationship of the Brief UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment (UPSA-B) to multiple indicators of functioning in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2010; 12:45-55. [PMID: 20148866 PMCID: PMC2846793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the relationship between multiple indicators of 'real-world' functioning and scores on a brief performance-based measure of functional capacity known as the Brief University of California San Diego (UCSD) Performance-based Skills Assessment (UPSA-B) in a sample of 205 patients with either serious bipolar disorder (n = 89) or schizophrenia (n = 116). METHODS Participants were administered the UPSA-B and assessed on the following functional domains: (i) independent living status (e.g., residing independently as head of household, living in residential care facility); (ii) informant reports of functioning (e.g., work skills, daily living skills); (iii) educational attainment and estimated premorbid IQ as measured by years of education and Wide Range Achievement Test reading scores, respectively; and (iv) employment. RESULTS Better scores on the UPSA-B were associated with greater residential independence after controlling for age, diagnosis, and symptoms of psychopathology. Among both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients, higher UPSA-B scores were significantly related to better informant reports of functioning in daily living skills and work skills domains. Greater estimated premorbid IQ was associated with higher scores on the UPSA-B for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder participants. Participants who were employed scored higher on the UPSA-B when controlling for age and diagnosis, but not when controlling for symptoms of psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest the UPSA-B may be useful for assessing capacity for functioning in a number of domains in both people diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent T Mausbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0680, USA.
| | - Philip D Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ann E Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Colin A Depp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Paula S Wolyniec
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary H Thornquist
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James R Luke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John A McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Bowie
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas L Patterson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
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Lien YJ, Tsuang HC, Chiang A, Liu CM, Hsieh MH, Hwang TJ, Liu SK, Hsiao PC, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Hwu HG, Chen WJ. The multidimensionality of schizotypy in nonpsychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia and its applications in ordered subsets linkage analysis of schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:1-9. [PMID: 19326390 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the multidimensionality of schizotypy and validate the structure using ordered subset linkage analyses on information from both relatives' schizotypy and probands' schizophrenia symptoms. A total of 203 and 1,310 nonpsychotic first-degree relatives from simplex and multiplex schizophrenia families, respectively, were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies, which contains a modified Structured Interview for Schizotypy. Using Mplus program with categorical factor indicators, a four-factor model (Negative Schizotypy, Positive Schizotypy, Interpersonal Sensitivity, and Social Isolation/Introversion) was extracted by exploratory factor analysis from relatives of simplex families and was confirmed in relatives of multiplex families. The validity of each factor was supported by distinct linkage findings resulting from ordered subset analysis based on different combinations of schizophrenia-schizotypy factors. Six chromosomal regions with significant increase in nonparametric linkage z score (NPL-Z) were found as follows: 15q21.1 (NPL-Z = 3.60) for Negative Schizophrenia-Negative Schizotypy, 10q22.3 (NPL-Z = 3.83) and 15q21.3 (NPL-Z = 3.36) for Negative Schizophrenia-Social Isolation/Introversion, 5q14.2 (NPL-Z = 3.20) and 11q23.3 (NPL-Z = 3.31) for Positive Schizophrenia-Positive Schizotypy, and 4q32.1 (NPL-Z = 3.31) for Positive Schizophrenia-Interpersonal Sensitivity. The greatest NPL-Z of 3.83 on 10q22.3 in the subset was significantly higher than the greatest one of 2.88 in the whole sample (empirical P-value = 0.04). We concluded that a consistent four-factor model of schizotypy could be derived in nonpsychotic relatives across families of patients with different genetic loadings in schizophrenia. Their differential relations to linkage signals have etiological implications and provide further evidence for their validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ju Lien
- Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Alkelai A, Kohn Y, Olender T, Sarner-Kanyas K, Rigbi A, Hamdan A, Ben-Asher E, Lancet D, Lerer B. Evidence for an interaction of schizophrenia susceptibility loci on chromosome 6q23.3 and 10q24.33-q26.13 in Arab Israeli families. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:914-25. [PMID: 19152384 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A genome scan for schizophrenia related loci in Arab Israeli families by Lerer et al. [Lerer et al. (2003); Mol Psychiatry 8:488-498] detected significant evidence for linkage at chromosome 6q23. Subsequent fine mapping [Levi et al. (2005); Eur J Hum Genet 13:763-771], association [Amann-Zalcenstein et al. (2006); Eur J Hum Genet 14:1111-1119] and replication studies [Ingason et al. (2007); Eur J Hum Genet 15:988-991] identified AHI1 as a putative susceptibility gene. The same genome scan revealed suggestive evidence for a schizophrenia susceptibility locus in the 10q23-26 region. Genes at these two loci may act independently in the pathogenesis of the disease in our homogeneous sample of Arab Israeli families or may interact with each other and with other factors in a common biological pathway. The purpose of our current study was to test the hypothesis of genetic interaction between these two loci and to identify the type of interaction between them. The initial stage of our study focused on the 10q23-q26 region which has not been explored further in our sample. The second stage of the study included a test for possible genetic interaction between the 6q23.3 locus and the refined 10q24.33-q26.13 locus. A final candidate region of 19.9 Mb between markers D10S222 (105.3 Mb) and D10S587 (125.2 Mb) was found on chromosome 10 by non-parametric and parametric linkage analyses. These linkage findings are consistent with previous reports in the same chromosomal region. Two-locus multipoint linkage analysis under three complex disease inheritance models (heterogeneity, multiplicative, and additive models) yielded a best maximum LOD score of 7.45 under the multiplicative model suggesting overlapping function of the 6q23.3 and 10q24.33-q26.13 loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alkelai
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Holmans PA, Riley B, Pulver AE, Owen MJ, Wildenauer DB, Gejman PV, Mowry BJ, Laurent C, Kendler KS, Nestadt G, Williams NM, Schwab SG, Sanders AR, Nertney D, Mallet J, Wormley B, Lasseter VK, O'Donovan MC, Duan J, Albus M, Alexander M, Godard S, Ribble R, Liang KY, Norton N, Maier W, Papadimitriou G, Walsh D, Jay M, O'Neill A, Lerer FB, Dikeos D, Crowe RR, Silverman JM, Levinson DF. Genomewide linkage scan of schizophrenia in a large multicenter pedigree sample using single nucleotide polymorphisms. Mol Psychiatry 2009; 14:786-95. [PMID: 19223858 PMCID: PMC2714870 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A genomewide linkage scan was carried out in eight clinical samples of informative schizophrenia families. After all quality control checks, the analysis of 707 European-ancestry families included 1615 affected and 1602 unaffected genotyped individuals, and the analysis of all 807 families included 1900 affected and 1839 unaffected individuals. Multipoint linkage analysis with correction for marker-marker linkage disequilibrium was carried out with 5861 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; Illumina version 4.0 linkage map). Suggestive evidence for linkage (European families) was observed on chromosomes 8p21, 8q24.1, 9q34 and 12q24.1 in nonparametric and/or parametric analyses. In a logistic regression allele-sharing analysis of linkage allowing for intersite heterogeneity, genomewide significant evidence for linkage was observed on chromosome 10p12. Significant heterogeneity was also observed on chromosome 22q11.1. Evidence for linkage across family sets and analyses was most consistent on chromosome 8p21, with a one-LOD support interval that does not include the candidate gene NRG1, suggesting that one or more other susceptibility loci might exist in the region. In this era of genomewide association and deep resequencing studies, consensus linkage regions deserve continued attention, given that linkage signals can be produced by many types of genomic variation, including any combination of multiple common or rare SNPs or copy number variants in a region.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Holmans
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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46
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Ng MYM, Levinson DF, Faraone SV, Suarez BK, DeLisi LE, Arinami T, Riley B, Paunio T, Pulver AE, Irmansyah, Holmans PA, Escamilla M, Wildenauer DB, Williams NM, Laurent C, Mowry BJ, Brzustowicz LM, Maziade M, Sklar P, Garver DL, Abecasis GR, Lerer B, Fallin MD, Gurling HMD, Gejman PV, Lindholm E, Moises HW, Byerley W, Wijsman EM, Forabosco P, Tsuang MT, Hwu HG, Okazaki Y, Kendler KS, Wormley B, Fanous A, Walsh D, O’Neill FA, Peltonen L, Nestadt G, Lasseter VK, Liang KY, Papadimitriou GM, Dikeos DG, Schwab SG, Owen MJ, O’Donovan MC, Norton N, Hare E, Raventos H, Nicolini H, Albus M, Maier W, Nimgaonkar VL, Terenius L, Mallet J, Jay M, Godard S, Nertney D, Alexander M, Crowe RR, Silverman JM, Bassett AS, Roy MA, Mérette C, Pato CN, Pato MT, Roos JL, Kohn Y, Amann-Zalcenstein D, Kalsi G, McQuillin A, Curtis D, Brynjolfson J, Sigmundsson T, Petursson H, Sanders AR, Duan J, Jazin E, Myles-Worsley M, Karayiorgou M, Lewis CM. Meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide linkage studies of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2009; 14:774-85. [PMID: 19349958 PMCID: PMC2715392 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A genome scan meta-analysis (GSMA) was carried out on 32 independent genome-wide linkage scan analyses that included 3255 pedigrees with 7413 genotyped cases affected with schizophrenia (SCZ) or related disorders. The primary GSMA divided the autosomes into 120 bins, rank-ordered the bins within each study according to the most positive linkage result in each bin, summed these ranks (weighted for study size) for each bin across studies and determined the empirical probability of a given summed rank (P(SR)) by simulation. Suggestive evidence for linkage was observed in two single bins, on chromosomes 5q (142-168 Mb) and 2q (103-134 Mb). Genome-wide evidence for linkage was detected on chromosome 2q (119-152 Mb) when bin boundaries were shifted to the middle of the previous bins. The primary analysis met empirical criteria for 'aggregate' genome-wide significance, indicating that some or all of 10 bins are likely to contain loci linked to SCZ, including regions of chromosomes 1, 2q, 3q, 4q, 5q, 8p and 10q. In a secondary analysis of 22 studies of European-ancestry samples, suggestive evidence for linkage was observed on chromosome 8p (16-33 Mb). Although the newer genome-wide association methodology has greater power to detect weak associations to single common DNA sequence variants, linkage analysis can detect diverse genetic effects that segregate in families, including multiple rare variants within one locus or several weakly associated loci in the same region. Therefore, the regions supported by this meta-analysis deserve close attention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- MYM Ng
- King’s College London, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, London, UK
| | - DF Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - SV Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - BK Suarez
- Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - LE DeLisi
- Department of Psychiatry, The New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - T Arinami
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - B Riley
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - T Paunio
- National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - AE Pulver
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irmansyah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - PA Holmans
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - M Escamilla
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - DB Wildenauer
- Center for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - NM Williams
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - C Laurent
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Université Pierre et Marie Curie and Hôpital de la Pitiè-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - BJ Mowry
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research and University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - LM Brzustowicz
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - M Maziade
- Department of Psychiatry, Laval University & Centre de recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - P Sklar
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - DL Garver
- VA Medical Center, Asheville, NC, USA
| | - GR Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - B Lerer
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - MD Fallin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - HMD Gurling
- Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - PV Gejman
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute and Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - E Lindholm
- Department of Development & Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - W Byerley
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - EM Wijsman
- Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P Forabosco
- King’s College London, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, London, UK
| | - MT Tsuang
- Center for Behavioral Genomics and Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology & Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H-G Hwu
- National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y Okazaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - KS Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - B Wormley
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A Fanous
- Washington VA Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - D Walsh
- The Health Research Board, Dublin, Ireland
| | - FA O’Neill
- Department of Psychiatry, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - L Peltonen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Broad Institute, MIT, Boston, MA, USA
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - VK Lasseter
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - KY Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - GM Papadimitriou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens Medical School, and University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - DG Dikeos
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, University of Athens Medical School, and University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - SG Schwab
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - MJ Owen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - MC O’Donovan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - N Norton
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - E Hare
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - H Raventos
- School of Biology and CIBCM, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - H Nicolini
- Carracci Medical Group and Universidad Autonoma de la Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Albus
- State Mental Hospital, Haar, Germany
| | - W Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - VL Nimgaonkar
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - L Terenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Mallet
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire de la Neurotransmission et des Processus Neurodégénératifs, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - M Jay
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Université Pierre et Marie Curie and Hôpital de la Pitiè-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - S Godard
- INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Hôpital de la Pitiè-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - D Nertney
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research and University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M Alexander
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - RR Crowe
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - JM Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - AS Bassett
- Clinical Genetics Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M-A Roy
- Department of Psychiatry, Laval University & Centre de recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - C Mérette
- Department of Psychiatry, Laval University & Centre de recherche Université Laval Robert-Giffard, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - CN Pato
- Center for Genomic Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - MT Pato
- Center for Genomic Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Louw Roos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pretoria, Weskoppies Hospital, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa
| | - Y Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - D Amann-Zalcenstein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - G Kalsi
- Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - A McQuillin
- Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Curtis
- Department of Psychological Medicine, St Bartholomew’s and Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - J Brynjolfson
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T Sigmundsson
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - H Petursson
- Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - AR Sanders
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute and Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - J Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute and Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - E Jazin
- Department of Development & Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Myles-Worsley
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - M Karayiorgou
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics & Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - CM Lewis
- King’s College London, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, London, UK
- King’s College London, MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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47
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Treutlein J, Mühleisen TW, Frank J, Mattheisen M, Herms S, Ludwig KU, Treutlein T, Schmael C, Strohmaier J, Bösshenz KV, Breuer R, Paul T, Witt SH, Schulze TG, Schlösser RGM, Nenadic I, Sauer H, Becker T, Maier W, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M. Dissection of phenotype reveals possible association between schizophrenia and Glutamate Receptor Delta 1 (GRID1) gene promoter. Schizophr Res 2009; 111:123-30. [PMID: 19346103 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent linkage and association data have implicated the Glutamate Receptor Delta 1 (GRID1) locus in the etiology of schizophrenia. In this study, we sought to test whether variants in the promoter region are associated with this disorder. The distribution of CpG islands, which are known to be relevant for transcriptional regulation, was computationally determined at the GRID1 locus, and the putative transcriptional regulatory region at the 5'-terminus was systematically tagged using HapMap data. Genotype analyses were performed with 22 haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) in a German sample of 919 schizophrenia patients and 773 controls. The study also included two SNPs in intron 2 and one in intron 3 which have been found to be significantly associated with schizophrenia in previous studies. For the transcriptional regulatory region, association was obtained with rs3814614 (p=0.0193), rs10749535 (p=0.0245), and rs11201985 (p=0.0222). For all further analyses, the patient samples were divided into more homogeneous subgroups according to sex, age at onset, positive family history of schizophrenia and lifetime history of major depression. The p-value of the schizophrenia association finding for the three markers decreased by approximately one order of magnitude, despite the reduction in the total sample size. Marker rs3814614 (unadjusted p=0.0005), located approximately 2.0 kb from the transcriptional start point, also withstood a two-step correction for multiple testing (p=0.030). No support was obtained for previously reported associations with the intronic markers. Our results suggest that genetic variants in the GRID1 transcriptional regulatory region may play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia, and that future association studies of schizophrenia may require stratification to ensure more homogeneous patient subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, J5, D-68159 Mannheim, Germany
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48
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Abstract
Individuals with epilepsy are at increased risk of having psychotic symptoms that resemble those of schizophrenia. More controversial and less searched is if schizophrenia is a risk factor for epilepsy. Here we review overlapping epidemiological, clinical, neuropathological and neuroimaging features of these two diseases. We discuss the role of temporal and other brain areas in the development of schizophrenia-like psychosis of epilepsy. We underline the importance of ventricular enlargement in both conditions as a phenotypic manifestation of a shared biologic liability that might relate to abnormalities in neurodevelopment. We suggest that genes implicated in neurodevelopment may play a common role in both conditions and speculate that recently identified causative genes for partial complex seizures with auditory features might help explain the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. These particularly include the leucine-rich glioma inactivated (LGI) family gene loci overlap with genes of interest for psychiatric diseases like schizophrenia. Finally, we conclude that LGI genes associated with partial epilepsy with auditory features might also represent genes of interest for schizophrenia, especially among patients with prominent auditory hallucinations and formal thought disorder.
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49
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Zhou X, Tang W, Greenwood TA, Guo S, He L, Geyer MA, Kelsoe JR. Transcription factor SP4 is a susceptibility gene for bipolar disorder. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5196. [PMID: 19401786 PMCID: PMC2674320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sp4 transcription factor plays a critical role for both development and function of mouse hippocampus. Reduced expression of the mouse Sp4 gene results in a variety of behavioral abnormalities relevant to human psychiatric disorders. The human SP4 gene is therefore examined for its association with both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in European Caucasian and Chinese populations respectively. Out of ten SNPs selected from human SP4 genomic locus, four displayed significant association with bipolar disorder in European Caucasian families (rs12668354, p = 0.022; rs12673091, p = 0.0005; rs3735440, p = 0.019; rs11974306, p = 0.018). To replicate the genetic association, the same set of SNPs was examined in a Chinese bipolar case control sample. Four SNPs displayed significant association (rs40245, p = 0.009; rs12673091, p = 0.002; rs1018954, p = 0.001; rs3735440, p = 0.029), and two of them (rs12673091, rs3735440) were shared with positive SNPs from European Caucasian families. Considering the genetic overlap between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, we extended our studies in Chinese trios families for schizophrenia. The SNP7 (rs12673091, p = 0.012) also displayed a significant association. The SNP7 (rs12673091) was therefore significantly associated in all three samples, and shared the same susceptibility allele (A) across all three samples. On the other hand, we found a gene dosage effect for mouse Sp4 gene in the modulation of sensorimotor gating, a putative endophenotype for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The deficient sensorimotor gating in Sp4 hypomorphic mice was partially reversed by the administration of dopamine D2 antagonist or mood stabilizers. Both human genetic and mouse pharmacogenetic studies support Sp4 gene as a susceptibility gene for bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. The studies on the role of Sp4 gene in hippocampal development may provide novel insights for the contribution of hippocampal abnormalities in these psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjin Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Wei Tang
- Bio-X Life Science Research Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiffany A. Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Shengzhen Guo
- Bio-X Life Science Research Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Life Science Research Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (LH); (JRK)
| | - Mark A. Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - John R. Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LH); (JRK)
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50
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Stephens SH, Logel J, Barton A, Franks A, Schultz J, Short M, Dickenson J, James B, Fingerlin TE, Wagner B, Hodgkinson C, Graw S, Ross RG, Freedman R, Leonard S. Association of the 5'-upstream regulatory region of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene (CHRNA7) with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2009; 109:102-12. [PMID: 19181484 PMCID: PMC2748327 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene (CHRNA7) is localized in a chromosomal region (15q14) linked to schizophrenia in multiple independent studies. CHRNA7 was selected as the best candidate gene in the region for a well-documented endophenotype of schizophrenia, the P50 sensory processing deficit, by genetic linkage and biochemical studies. METHODS Subjects included Caucasian-Non Hispanic and African-American case-control subjects collected in Denver, and schizophrenic subjects from families in the NIMH Genetics Initiative on Schizophrenia. Thirty-five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5'-upstream regulatory region of CHRNA7 were genotyped for association with schizophrenia, and for smoking in schizophrenia. RESULTS The rs3087454 SNP, located at position -1831 bp in the upstream regulatory region of CHRNA7, was significantly associated with schizophrenia in the case-control samples after multiple-testing correction (P=0.0009, African American; P=0.013, Caucasian-Non Hispanic); the association was supported in family members. There was nominal association of this SNP with smoking in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS The data support association of regulatory region polymorphisms in the CHRNA7 gene with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H. Stephens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver, United States
| | - Judith Logel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver, United States
| | - Amanda Barton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver, United States
| | - Alexis Franks
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver, United States
| | - Jessica Schultz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver, United States
| | - Margaret Short
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver, United States
| | - Jane Dickenson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver, United States
| | - Benjamin James
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver, United States
| | - Tasha E. Fingerlin
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado at Denver, United States
| | - Brandie Wagner
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado at Denver, United States
| | | | - Sharon Graw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver, United States
| | - Randal G. Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver, United States
| | - Robert Freedman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver, United States, The Veterans Affairs Medical Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Sherry Leonard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado at Denver, United States, The Veterans Affairs Medical Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80045, United States,Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry University of Colorado at Denver, Mailstop 8344, P.O. Box 6511, Aurora, CO 80045, United States. Tel.: +1 303 724 4426; fax: +1 303 724 4425. (S. Leonard)
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