1
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Schleifer CH, O'Hora KP, Fung H, Xu J, Robinson TA, Wu AS, Kushan-Wells L, Lin A, Ching CRK, Bearden CE. Effects of gene dosage and development on subcortical nuclei volumes in individuals with 22q11.2 copy number variations. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1024-1032. [PMID: 38431758 PMCID: PMC11039652 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The 22q11.2 locus contains genes critical for brain development. Reciprocal Copy Number Variations (CNVs) at this locus impact risk for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Both 22q11.2 deletions (22qDel) and duplications (22qDup) are associated with autism, but 22qDel uniquely elevates schizophrenia risk. Understanding brain phenotypes associated with these highly penetrant CNVs can provide insights into genetic pathways underlying neuropsychiatric disorders. Human neuroimaging and animal models indicate subcortical brain alterations in 22qDel, yet little is known about developmental differences across specific nuclei between reciprocal 22q11.2 CNV carriers and typically developing (TD) controls. We conducted a longitudinal MRI study in a total of 385 scans from 22qDel (n = 96, scans = 191, 53.1% female), 22qDup (n = 37, scans = 64, 45.9% female), and TD controls (n = 80, scans = 130, 51.2% female), across a wide age range (5.5-49.5 years). Volumes of the thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and anatomical subregions were estimated using FreeSurfer, and the linear effects of 22q11.2 gene dosage and non-linear effects of age were characterized with generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs). Positive gene dosage effects (volume increasing with copy number) were observed for total intracranial and whole hippocampus volumes, but not whole thalamus or amygdala volumes. Several amygdala subregions exhibited similar positive effects, with bi-directional effects found across thalamic nuclei. Distinct age-related trajectories were observed across the three groups. Notably, both 22qDel and 22qDup carriers exhibited flattened development of hippocampal CA2/3 subfields relative to TD controls. This study provides novel insights into the impact of 22q11.2 CNVs on subcortical brain structures and their developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Schleifer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Kathleen P O'Hora
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hoki Fung
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Taylor-Ann Robinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela S Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leila Kushan-Wells
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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AlGethami HJ, Breitbart S, Warsi NM, Fasano A, Ibrahim GM, Gorodetsky C. Severe Pediatric Dystonia Responding to Deep Brain Stimulation in 22q11.2 Microduplication Syndrome: Rare Clinical Presentation. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11:309-311. [PMID: 38196101 PMCID: PMC10928346 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hanin Jaber AlGethami
- Division of NeurologyThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Sara Breitbart
- Division of NeurosurgeryThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Nebras M. Warsi
- Division of NeurosurgeryThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Division of NeurologyThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, UHNTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of NeurologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Krembil Brain InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
- CenteR for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA)TorontoOntarioCanada
| | - George M. Ibrahim
- Division of NeurosurgeryThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Carolina Gorodetsky
- Division of NeurologyThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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3
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Schleifer CH, O’Hora KP, Fung H, Xu J, Robinson TA, Wu AS, Kushan-Wells L, Lin A, Ching CRK, Bearden CE. Effects of Gene Dosage and Development on Subcortical Nuclei Volumes in Individuals with 22q11.2 Copy Number Variations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.31.564553. [PMID: 37961662 PMCID: PMC10635019 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.564553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The 22q11.2 locus contains genes critical for brain development. Reciprocal Copy Number Variations (CNVs) at this locus impact risk for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Both 22q11.2 deletions (22qDel) and duplications (22qDup) are associated with autism, but 22qDel uniquely elevates schizophrenia risk. Understanding brain phenotypes associated with these highly penetrant CNVs can provide insights into genetic pathways underlying neuropsychiatric disorders. Human neuroimaging and animal models indicate subcortical brain alterations in 22qDel, yet little is known about developmental differences across specific nuclei between reciprocal 22q11.2 CNV carriers and typically developing (TD) controls. We conducted a longitudinal MRI study in 22qDel (n=96, 53.1% female), 22qDup (n=37, 45.9% female), and TD controls (n=80, 51.2% female), across a wide age range (5.5-49.5 years). Volumes of the thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and anatomical subregions were estimated using FreeSurfer, and the effect of 22q11.2 gene dosage was examined using linear mixed models. Age-related changes were characterized with general additive mixed models (GAMMs). Positive gene dosage effects (22qDel < TD < 22qDup) were observed for total intracranial and whole hippocampus volumes, but not whole thalamus or amygdala volumes. Several amygdala subregions exhibited similar positive effects, with bi-directional effects found across thalamic nuclei. Distinct age-related trajectories were observed across the three groups. Notably, both 22qDel and 22qDup carriers exhibited flattened development of hippocampal CA2/3 subfields relative to TD controls. This study provides novel insights into the impact of 22q11.2 CNVs on subcortical brain structures and their developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H. Schleifer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen P. O’Hora
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hoki Fung
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Taylor-Ann Robinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angela S. Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leila Kushan-Wells
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Pennings M, Meijer RPP, Gerrits M, Janssen J, Pfundt R, de Leeuw N, Gilissen C, Gardeitchik T, Schouten M, Voermans N, van de Warrenburg B, Kamsteeg EJ. Copy number variants from 4800 exomes contribute to ~7% of genetic diagnoses in movement disorders, muscle disorders and neuropathies. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:654-662. [PMID: 36781956 PMCID: PMC10250492 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Various groups of neurological disorders, including movement disorders and neuromuscular diseases, are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Diagnostic panel-based exome sequencing is a routine test for these disorders. Despite the success rates of exome sequencing, it results in the detection of causative sequence variants in 'only' 25-30% of cases. Copy number variants (CNVs), i.e. deletion or duplications, explain 10-20% of individuals with multisystemic phenotypes, such as co-existing intellectual disability, but may also have a role in disorders affecting a single system (organ), like neurological disorders with normal intelligence. In this study, CNVs were extracted from clinical exome sequencing reports of 4800 probands primarily with a movement disorder, myopathy or neuropathy. In 88 (~2%) probands, phenotype-matching CNVs were detected, representing ~7% of genetically confirmed cases. CNVs varied from involvement of over 100 genes to single exons and explained X-linked, autosomal dominant, or - recessive disorders, the latter due to either a homozygous CNV or a compound heterozygous CNV with a sequence variant on the other allele. CNVs were detected affecting genes where deletions or duplications are established as a common mechanism, like PRKN (in Parkinson's disease), DMD (in Duchenne muscular dystrophy) and PMP22 (in neuropathies), but also genes in which no intragenic CNVs have been reported to date. Analysis of CNVs as part of panel-based exome sequencing for genetically heterogeneous neurological diseases provides an additional diagnostic yield of ~2% without extra laboratory costs. Therefore it is recommended to perform CNV analysis for movement disorders, muscle disease, neuropathies, or any other single-system disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Pennings
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rowdy P P Meijer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Monique Gerrits
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jannie Janssen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole de Leeuw
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thatjana Gardeitchik
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Meyke Schouten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicol Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Verbesselt J, Solot CB, Van Den Heuvel E, Crowley TB, Giunta V, Breckpot J, McDonald-McGinn DM, Zink I, Swillen A. Language Profiles of School-Aged Children with 22q11.2 Copy Number Variants. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:679. [PMID: 36980951 PMCID: PMC10048271 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that copy number variants (CNVs) on chromosome 22, such as 22q11.2 deletion (22q11.2DS) and 22q11.2 duplication (22q11.2Dup) syndromes, are associated with higher risk for neurodevelopmental issues, few studies have examined the language skills across 22q11.2Dup nor compared them with the 22q11.2DS. The current study aims to characterize language abilities in school-aged children with 22q11.2Dup (n = 29), compared to age-matched children with 22q11.2DS (n = 29). Standardized language tests were administered, assessing receptive and expressive language skills across different language domains. Results indicate that children with 22q11.2Dup demonstrate significantly more language problems compared to the general population. Mean language skills were not significantly different among children with 22q11.2 CNVs in this cohort. While children with 22q11.2DS demonstrated language difficulties starting at the word level, the most common language problems in children with 22q11.2Dup started at the sentence level. Importantly, both expressive and receptive language as well as lexico-semantic and morphosyntactic domains were impaired in children with 22q11.2 CNVs. Early identification, therapeutic intervention, and follow-up of language impairments in children with 22q11.2Dup are recommended to support language development and to reduce longitudinal impact of language and communicative deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jente Verbesselt
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cynthia B. Solot
- Center for Childhood Communication, 22q and You Center, Cleft Lip and Palate Program, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ellen Van Den Heuvel
- Centre for Developmental Disorders, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | | | - Victoria Giunta
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Donna M. McDonald-McGinn
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Human Biology and Medical Genetics, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Inge Zink
- Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- MUCLA, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Swillen
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Bhattarai D, McGinn DE, Crowley TB, Giunta V, Gaiser K, Zackai EH, Emanuel BS, Heimall J, Jyonouchi S, Lee J, Sun D, McDonald-McGinn DM, Sullivan KE. Immunologic, Molecular, and Clinical Profile of Patients with Chromosome 22q11.2 Duplications. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:794-807. [PMID: 36735193 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Duplication of chromosome 22q11.2 due to meiotic non-allelic homologous recombination results in a distinct syndrome, chromosome 22q11.2 duplication syndrome that has some overlapping phenotypic features with the corresponding 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Literature on immunologic aspects of the duplication syndrome is limited. We conducted a retrospective study of 216 patients with this syndrome to better define the key features of the duplication syndrome. METHODS Single-center retrospective record review was performed. Data regarding demographics, clinical details, and immunological tests were compiled, extracted into a predetermined data collection form, and analyzed. RESULTS This cohort comprised 113 (52.3%) males and 103 (47.7%) females. The majority (54.6%) of mapped duplications were between low copy repeat regions A-D (LCR22A to -D). Though T cell subsets were relatively preserved, switched memory B cells, immunoglobulins, and specific antibodies were each found to be decreased in a subset of the cohort. One-fifth (17/79, 21.5%) of patients had at least 2 low immunoglobulin values, and panhypogammaglobulinemia was found in 11.7% (9/79) cases. Four children were on regular immunoglobulin replacement therapy. Asthma and eczema were the predominant atopic symptoms in our cohort. CONCLUSION Significant immunodeficiencies were observed in our cohort, particularly in B cells and antibodies. Our study expands the current clinical understanding and emphasizes the need of immunological studies and multidisciplinary approaches for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmagat Bhattarai
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel E McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - T Blaine Crowley
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Victoria Giunta
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kimberly Gaiser
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Heimall
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Soma Jyonouchi
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Juhee Lee
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Di Sun
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Biedziak B, Dąbrowska J, Szponar-Żurowska A, Bukowska-Olech E, Jamsheer A, Mojs E, Mulle J, Płoski R, Mostowska A. Identification of a new familial case of 3q29 deletion syndrome associated with cleft lip and palate via whole-exome sequencing. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:205-219. [PMID: 36317839 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Many unbalanced large copy number variants reviewed in the paper are associated with syndromic orofacial clefts, including a 1.6 Mb deletion on chromosome 3q29. The current report presents a new family with this recurrent deletion identified via whole-exome sequencing and confirmed by array comparative genomic hybridization. The proband exhibited a more severe clinical phenotype than his affected mother, comprising right-sided cleft lip/alveolus and cleft palate, advanced dental caries, heart defect, hypospadias, psychomotor, and speech delay, and an intellectual disability. Data analysis from the 3q29 registry revealed that the 3q29 deletion increases the risk of clefting by nearly 30-fold. No additional rare and pathogenic nucleotide variants were identified that could explain the clefting phenotype and observed intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity. These data suggest that the 3q29 deletion may be the primary risk factor for clefting, with additional genomic variants located outside the coding sequences, methylation changes, or environmental exposure serving as modifiers of this risk. Additional studies, including whole-genome sequencing or methylation analyses, should be performed to identify genetic factors underlying the phenotypic variation associated with the recurrent 3q29 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Biedziak
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Justyna Dąbrowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Szponar-Żurowska
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Anomalies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Mojs
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jennifer Mulle
- Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Mostowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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8
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Jalbrzikowski M, Lin A, Vajdi A, Grigoryan V, Kushan L, Ching CRK, Schleifer C, Hayes RA, Chu SA, Sugar CA, Forsyth JK, Bearden CE. Longitudinal trajectories of cortical development in 22q11.2 copy number variants and typically developing controls. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4181-4190. [PMID: 35896619 PMCID: PMC9718681 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Probing naturally-occurring, reciprocal genomic copy number variations (CNVs) may help us understand mechanisms that underlie deviations from typical brain development. Cross-sectional studies have identified prominent reductions in cortical surface area (SA) and increased cortical thickness (CT) in 22q11.2 deletion carriers (22qDel), with the opposite pattern in duplication carriers (22qDup), but the longitudinal trajectories of these anomalies-and their relationship to clinical symptomatology-are unknown. Here, we examined neuroanatomic changes within a longitudinal cohort of 261 22q11.2 CNV carriers and demographically-matched typically developing (TD) controls (84 22qDel, 34 22qDup, and 143 TD; mean age 18.35, ±10.67 years; 50.47% female). A total of 431 magnetic resonance imaging scans (164 22qDel, 59 22qDup, and 208 TD control scans; mean interscan interval = 20.27 months) were examined. Longitudinal FreeSurfer analysis pipelines were used to parcellate the cortex and calculate average CT and SA for each region. First, general additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to identify regions with between-group differences in developmental trajectories. Secondly, we investigated whether these trajectories were associated with clinical outcomes. Developmental trajectories of CT were more protracted in 22qDel relative to TD and 22qDup. 22qDup failed to show normative age-related SA decreases. 22qDel individuals with psychosis spectrum symptoms showed two distinct periods of altered CT trajectories relative to 22qDel without psychotic symptoms. In contrast, 22q11.2 CNV carriers with autism spectrum diagnoses showed early alterations in SA trajectories. Collectively, these results provide new insights into altered neurodevelopment in 22q11.2 CNV carriers, which may shed light on neural mechanisms underlying distinct clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ariana Vajdi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vardui Grigoryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leila Kushan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Charles Schleifer
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Chu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine A Sugar
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer K Forsyth
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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9
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Geoffrion TR, Goldberg D, Crowley TB, Chen JM, McDonald-McGinn DM, Gaynor JW. Chromosome 22q11 copy number variants and single ventricle CHD. Cardiol Young 2022; 33:1-5. [PMID: 35199637 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122000385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CHD is an important phenotypic feature of chromosome 22q11.2 copy number variants. Biventricular repair is usually possible, however there are rare reports of patients with chromosome 22q copy number variants and functional single ventricle cardiac disease. METHODS This is a single centre retrospective review of patients with chromosome 22q copy number variants who underwent staged single ventricle reconstructive surgery between 1 July, 1984 and 31 December, 2020. RESULTS Seventeen patients met inclusion criteria. The most common diagnosis was hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n = 8) and vascular anomalies were present in 13 patients. A microdeletion of the chromosome 22 A-D low-copy repeat was present in 13 patients, and the remaining had a duplication. About half of the patients had documented craniofacial abnormalities and/or hypocalcaemia, and developmental delay was very common. Fifteen patients had a Norwood operation, 10 patients had a superior cavopulmonary anastomosis, and 7 patients had a Fontan. Two patients had cardiac transplantation after Fontan. Overall survival is 64% at 1 year, and 58% at 5 and 10 years. Most deaths occurred following Norwood operation (n = 5). CONCLUSIONS CHD necessitating single ventricle reconstruction associated with chromosome 22q copy number variants is not common, but typically occurs as a variant of hypoplastic left heart syndrome with the usual cytogenetic microdeletion. The most common neonatal surgical intervention performed is the Norwood, where most of the mortality burden occurs. Associated anomalies and medical issues may cause additional morbidity after cardiac surgery, but survival is similar to infants with other types of single ventricle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy R Geoffrion
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Goldberg
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Cardiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T Blaine Crowley
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Human Genetics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 22q and You Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Chen
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Human Genetics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 22q and You Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pediatrics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J William Gaynor
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Balaban İ, Bilgici MC, Baysal K. A new association of Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum and persistent fifth aortic arch -double lumen aorta: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:102. [PMID: 35189859 PMCID: PMC8862463 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorder, also known as Goldenhar Syndrome, which has several phenotypic features including craniofacial anomalies, cardiac, vertebral and central nervous system defects. Cardiovascular anomalies include ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, Tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle, aberrant right subclavian artery, coarctation of aorta, transposition of the great arteries, double inlet left ventricle, cor triatriatum, pulmonary artery stenosis, aortic stenosis, persistent left superior vena cava, partially or totally abnormal pulmonary venous return and bicuspid aortic valve. Persistent fifth aortic arch, also named as double lumen aortic arch, is a very rare cardivascular anomaly and usually associate other cardiac defects. Case presentation We present a 7 month old patient with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum signs as facial asymmetry, short neck, choanal atresia, cleft palate, bilateral preauricular skin tags, bilateral hypoplastic ear lobes, epibulbar dermoid cyst, rib, vertebrae and cardiovascular anomalies. Cardiovascular anomalies detected with echocardiography and computed tomography were malalignment ventricular septal defect and double lumen aorta, known as persistent fifth aortic arch. Conclusion Various cardiovascular anomalies may accompany Goldenhar Syndrome. We present a case with persistent fifth aortic arch and Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum and this is a new association that was not reported before in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Balaban
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Yeni Yüzyıl University Faculty of Medicine, Merkez Mahallesi Çukurçeşme Caddesi No:51 Gaziosmanpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Meltem Ceyhan Bilgici
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kemal Baysal
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
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11
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Bi Y, Chen S, Shen Q, Guo Z, Ren D, Yuan F, Niu W, Ji L, Liu L, Han K, Yu T, Yang F, Wu X, Wang L, Li X, Yu S, Xu Y, He L, Shi Y, Zhang J, Li W, He G. Upregulation of DGCR8, a Candidate Predisposing to Schizophrenia in Han Chinese, Contributes to Phenotypic Deficits and Neuronal Migration Delay. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:873873. [PMID: 35492695 PMCID: PMC9051063 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.873873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
DiGeorge Syndrome Critical Region Gene 8 (DGCR8) is a key component of the microprocessor complex governing the maturation of most microRNAs, some of which participate in schizophrenia and neural development. Previous studies have found that the 22q11.2 locus, containing DGCR8, confers a risk of schizophrenia. However, the role of DGCR8 in schizophrenia and the early stage of neural development has remained unknown. In the present study, we try to identify the role of DGCR8 in schizophrenia from human samples and animal models. We found that the G allele and GG genotype of rs3757 in DGCR8 conferred a higher risk of schizophrenia, which likely resulted from higher expression of DGCR8 according to our test of dual-luciferase reporter system. Employed overexpression model in utero and adult mice, we also revealed that the aberrant increase of Dgcr8 delayed neuronal migration during embryological development and consequently triggered abnormal behaviors in adult mice. Together, these results demonstrate that DGCR8 may play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia through regulating neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqing Chen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenming Guo
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Decheng Ren
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yuan
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibo Niu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangjie Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Han
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengping Yang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingwang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Verbesselt J, Zink I, Breckpot J, Swillen A. Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings in patients with proximal 22q11.2 duplication: A retrospective chart study. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:46-57. [PMID: 34491614 PMCID: PMC8830490 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Duplications on Chromosome 22q11.2 (22q11.2 dup) are associated with a wide spectrum of physical and neurodevelopmental features. In this chart review, physical, developmental, and behavioral features of 28 patients with 22q11.2 dup (median age = 17.11 years) are reported, and phenotypes of de novo and inherited duplications are compared. Common medical anomalies include nutritional problems (57%), failure to thrive (33%), transient hearing impairment (52%), and congenital heart defects (33%). Developmental, speech-language, and motor delay are common in infancy, while attention (64%), learning (60%), and motor problems (52%) are typically reported at primary school age. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders are diagnosed in 44%. Median full-scale intelligence quotient is in the borderline range (IQ 76), with one-fifth of patients having mild intellectual disability. Longitudinal data in 11 patients, with the first assessment at a median age of 5.2 years and the second assessment at a median age of 8.8 years, indicate that almost two-third of patients have a relative stable cognitive trajectory, whereas one-third show a growing into deficit profile. In patients with de novo duplications, there is a trend of more failure to thrive, while more patients with inherited duplications follow special education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jente Verbesselt
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Zink
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), Leuven, Belgium,Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MUCLA, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Swillen
- Department of Human Genetics, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Bartik LE, Hughes SS, Tracy M, Feldt MM, Zhang L, Arganbright J, Kaye A. 22q11.2 duplications: Expanding the clinical presentation. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:779-787. [PMID: 34845825 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
22q11.2 duplication syndrome has a frequency of ~1/700 in the intellectual disability population. Despite this frequency, there is limited information on the variable clinical presentation. Although the phenotype and incidence of congenital anomalies are well described for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, they are not as well understood for individuals with 22q11.2 duplication syndrome. This study is a single-center, retrospective review of patients diagnosed with 22q11.2 duplication syndrome designed to categorize the variable phenotype seen in these individuals. The data suggest that the incidence of congenital anomalies may be higher than previously reported for this syndrome. Affected individuals are at increased risk for a variety of problems including gastrointestinal complications, endocrine dysfunction, ophthalmologic abnormalities, palatal anomalies, congenital heart disease, musculoskeletal differences, and neurologic abnormalities. Individuals with 22q11.2 duplication syndrome would benefit from care coordinated by a multidisciplinary team and managed according to the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Bartik
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Susan S Hughes
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Meghan Tracy
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - M Max Feldt
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jill Arganbright
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Alison Kaye
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Division of Plastic Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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14
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Atli EI, Atli E, Yalcintepe S, Demir S, Mail C, Eker D, Ozen Y, Gurkan H. Clinical Features of Aberrations Chromosome 22q: A Pilot Study. Glob Med Genet 2021; 9:42-50. [PMID: 35169783 PMCID: PMC8837404 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
A significant number of genetic variations have been identified in chromosome 22, using molecular genetic techniques. Various genomic disorders on chromosome 22, including cat's eye syndrome caused by extra copies of the proximal region of the 22q chromosome, are now well-defined. Our aim in the study was to show phenotypic variability associated with rearrangements of the 22q chromosomal region.
Methods
We focused our study on clinical aspects of these disorders, including genetic testing, genotype-phenotype correlation, and potential treatments. A total of 998 patients were referred for genetic analysis (Karyotyping, MLPA, array-CGH) during January 2015 to February 2020 because of intellectual deficiency, behavior issues, and/or multiple congenital abnormalities in several genetics departments. Informed consent was obtained from all the patients and/or their parents.
Results
22q11.21 or 22q13.33 microdeletions and 22q11.22-q11.23 microduplication were identified in 31 patients out of referrals. The 22q aberrations were detected in 31/998 patients, giving a prevalence of 3.1%. In this study, 18 patients with 22q11.2 (LCR22A-H) deletion, three patients with 22q13.31 deletion, 9 patients with 22q11.2 duplication and one patient with 22q13.31 duplication were identified. We report on the clinical and molecular characterization of 31 individuals with distal deletions and duplications of chromosome 22q.
Conclusions
The current study demonstrated in the largest postnatal case series reporting the whole spectrum of atypical phenotypic and genotypic variations at 22q. We believe that when all the phenotypic differences are taken into account, various anomalies including developmental delay and intellectual disability might be considered as an indication to search for aberrations of 22q along with congenital heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Ikbal Atli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Engin Atli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Sinem Yalcintepe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Selma Demir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Cisem Mail
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Damla Eker
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ozen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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15
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Güemes-Villahoz N, Acón D, Hamichi SE, Tanenbaum R, Berrocal AM. Serpiginous Intraretinal Lesions Associated With Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2021; 52:155-159. [PMID: 34038691 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20210302-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a rare inherited disorder affecting retinal angiogenesis that may present with a wide range of phenotypic characteristics. In this report, the authors describe an atypical presentation of FEVR in a healthy 9-year-old male with progressive decreased visual acuity in the left eye. Fundus examination showed an avascular retina in the temporal periphery bilaterally. The left eye also revealed serpiginous hypopigmented lesions in the superior quadrant, which showed intraretinal location on optical coherence tomography and hyperautofluorescence. Genetic testing revealed LRP5 mutation, confirming a diagnosis of FEVR. The serpiginous lesions represent an unusual finding associated with FEVR not previously described in the literature. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;52:155-159.].
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16
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Abdullah, Li C, Zhao M, Wang X, Li X, Xing J. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with another small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 22, a case report. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:1797-1802. [PMID: 33968667 PMCID: PMC8100857 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is portrayed as missing or fragmented pubescence, cryptorchidism, small penis, and infertility. Clinically it is characterized by the low level of sex steroids and gonadotropins, normal radiographic findings of the hypothalamic-pituitary areas, and normal baseline and reserve testing of the rest of the hypothalamic-pituitary axes. Delay puberty and infertility result from an abnormal pattern of episodic GnRH secretion. Mutation in a wide range of genes can clarify ~40% of the reasons for IHH, with the majority remaining hereditarily uncharacterized. New and innovative molecular tools enhance our understanding of the molecular controls underlying pubertal development. In this report, we aim to present a 26-year-old male of IHH associated with a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) that originated from chromosome 22. The G-banding analysis revealed a karyotype of 47,XY,+mar. High-throughput DNA sequencing identified an 8.54 Mb duplication of 22q11.1-q11.23 encompassing all the region of 22q11 duplication syndrome. Pedigree analysis showed that his mother has carried a balanced reciprocal translocation between Chromosomes 22 and X[t(X;22)]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second confirmed case of IHH with an sSMC deriving from chromosome 22. Based on our study, the duplicated chromosome fragment 22q11.1-q11.23 might be the reason for the phenotype of our case. Meanwhile, High-throughput DNA sequencing combined with cytogenetic analysis can provide a more accurate clinical diagnosis for patients carrying sSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cui Li
- Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minggang Zhao
- Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu Li
- Centre for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junping Xing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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17
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A De Novo sSMC (22) Characterized by High-Resolution Chromosome Microarray Analysis in a Chinese Boy with Cat-Eye Syndrome. Case Rep Genet 2021; 2021:8824184. [PMID: 33728075 PMCID: PMC7937470 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8824184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 15-year-old boy with cat-eye syndrome (CES) without short stature or intellectual disorder. The boy was confirmed by cytogenetic and high-resolution chromosome microarray analysis (CMA). The G-banding karyotype confirmed the de novo of the patient. Also, the CMA result showed 1.76 Mb tetrasomy of proximal 22Q11.1 ⟶ 22Q11.21 consistent with CES {arr22q11.1q11.21 (16,888,899-18,644,241) X4}, a typical small type I CES chromosome. The patient has many of the basic characteristics of CES; however, he is taller than his peers instead of shorter. It is rarely reported in the past since short stature is a common feature of this syndrome. Furthermore, the boy has no intellectual disorder and attends a normal school since he was six-year-old. What bothered him most were recurrent respiratory infections, retromicrognathia, and heart defects.
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18
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Cecr2 mutant mice as a model for human cat eye syndrome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3111. [PMID: 33542446 PMCID: PMC7862319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cat eye syndrome (CES), a human genetic disorder caused by the inverted duplication of a region on chromosome 22, has been known since the late 1890s. Despite the significant impact this disorder has on affected individuals, models for CES have not been produced due to the difficulty of effectively duplicating the corresponding chromosome region in an animal model. However, the study of phenotypes associated with individual genes in this region such as CECR2 may shed light on the etiology of CES. In this study we have shown that deleterious loss of function mutations in mouse Cecr2 effectively demonstrate many of the abnormal features present in human patients with CES, including coloboma and specific skeletal, kidney and heart defects. Beyond phenotypic analyses we have demonstrated the importance of utilizing multiple genetic backgrounds to study disease models, as we see major differences in penetrance of Cecr2-related abnormal phenotype between mouse strains, reminiscent of the variability in the human syndrome. These findings suggest that Cecr2 is involved in the abnormal features of CES and that Cecr2 mice can be used as a model system to study the wide range of phenotypes present in CES.
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19
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Butensky A, de Rinaldis CP, Patel S, Edman S, Bailey A, McGinn DE, Zackai E, Crowley TB, McDonald-McGinn DM, Min J, Goldmuntz E. Cardiac evaluation of patients with 22q11.2 duplication syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:753-758. [PMID: 33369133 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The 22q11.2 duplication syndrome (22q11.2DupS) is characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity, from seemingly asymptomatic to severely affected patients. Our study sought to detail the cardiac phenotype associated with 22q11.2DupS, the prevalence of aortic arch anomalies and aortic root dilation in 22q11.2DupS, and to assess how frequently new congenital heart disease (CHD) is diagnosed at outpatient cardiac evaluation following genetic diagnosis. In our cohort of 85 patients, 20.0% had CHD, with a wide range of phenotypes. Sixty-eight patients had complete cardiac evaluations detailing aortic arch sidedness and branching pattern, of which 5 (7.4%) had an aortic arch anomaly, all of whom had concurrent intracardiac CHD. Of 53 patients without CHD who had complete cardiac evaluations, only 3 (5.7%) had evidence of aortic root dilation. Of 46 patients who underwent outpatient cardiac evaluation following diagnosis of 22q11.2DupS, only one (2.2%) was found to have CHD, an isolated bicuspid aortic valve without stenosis. Therefore, the CHD phenotype in 22q11.2DupS, when present, is heterogeneous. Aortic arch anomalies are uncommon, and no patient in our cohort had one in isolation. Isolated aortic root dilation is also uncommon. Finally, outpatient cardiac evaluation following genetic diagnosis without previously known CHD infrequently identified minor cardiac malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Butensky
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Shrey Patel
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sharon Edman
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alice Bailey
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel E McGinn
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - T Blaine Crowley
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jungwon Min
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Evangelidou P, Kousoulidou L, Salameh N, Alexandrou A, Papaevripidou I, Alexandrou IM, Ketoni A, Ioannidou C, Christophidou-Anastasiadou V, Tanteles GA, Sismani C. An unusual combination of an atypical maternally inherited novel 0.3 Mb deletion in Williams-Beuren region and a de novo 22q11.21 microduplication in an infant with supravalvular aortic stenosis. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104084. [PMID: 33045407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), intellectual disability, overfriendliness and dysmorphic features. It is typically caused by 1.5-1.8 Mb deletions on 7q11.23. The 22q11.21 microduplication syndrome has a variable phenotype and is frequently associated with congenital heart disease. Here we present a unique patient, carrying aberrations within both of the above syndrome regions, referred for possible diagnosis of WBS because of SVAS. The patient was a boy who died suddenly 47 days after birth, possibly due to cardiac complications. Genetic testing was carried out, including array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH), Fluorescence In situ Hybridization (FISH) and Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) showing that the proband was heterozygous for a novel and atypical 0.3 Mb deletion in WBS region (7q11.23) encompassing the ELN gene. In addition, he was found heterozygous for a 22q11.21 microduplication. Parental studies revealed that the 7q11.23 deletion was inherited from the mother who also exhibited a cardiovascular phenotype, however very mild. The same maternally inherited deletion was detected in one of the proband's siblings, born two years later with a less severe SVAS. The 22q11.2 microduplication was de novo in origin. Detection and investigation of atypical deletions within known syndrome regions are crucial for better genotype-phenotype correlations and more accurate characterization of critical regions. The combined effect of two different genetic defects - one in a known syndrome region and one with variable clinical significance, is valuable for revealing gene interactions and enabling more accurate predictions, especially in prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Evangelidou
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus; The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ludmila Kousoulidou
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus; The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nicole Salameh
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Angelos Alexandrou
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Papaevripidou
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioanna-Maria Alexandrou
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andria Ketoni
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Charithea Ioannidou
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - George A Tanteles
- Clinical Genetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Carolina Sismani
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus; The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus.
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21
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Prenatal diagnosis of 22q11.2 copy number abnormalities in fetuses via single nucleotide polymorphism array. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7529-7535. [PMID: 32935260 PMCID: PMC7588391 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
The q11.2 region on chromosome 22 contains numerous low-copy repeats that lead to deleted or duplicated regions in the chromosome, thereby resulting in different syndromes characterized by intellectual disabilities or congenital anomalies. The association between patient phenotypes and 22q11.2 copy number abnormalities has been previously described in postnatal cases; however, these features have not been systematically evaluated in prenatal cases because of limitations in phenotypic identification in prenatal testing. In this study, we investigated the detection rate of 22q11.2 copy number abnormalities in 2500 fetuses using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and determined the common abnormal ultrasound findings in fetuses carrying the 22q11.2 copy number abnormalities. The 22q11.2 copy number abnormalities were identified in 13 fetuses with cardiovascular malformations (6/13), kidney malformations (3/13), isolated ultrasound markers (3/13), or high-risk Down syndrome based on maternal serum screening (1/13). Approximately 0.5% (13/2500) of the fetuses harbored 22q11.2 copy number abnormalities. The most frequent ultrasound findings in fetuses with these abnormalities were cardiovascular malformations, followed by kidney malformations and isolated ultrasound markers. Prenatal diagnosis of these genetic abnormalities allows for the delineation of differential diagnoses, characterization of a wide spectrum of associated malformations, and determination of associations that exist between prenatal diagnosis and obstetrical outcomes.
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22
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Valencia-Peña C, Jiménez-Sanchez P, Saldarriaga W, Payán-Gómez C. Optic nerve coloboma as extension of the phenotype of 22q11.23 duplication syndrome: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:333. [PMID: 32807111 PMCID: PMC7433184 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 duplication syndrome (Dup22q11.2) has reduced penetrance and variable expressivity. Those affected may have intellectual disabilities, dysmorphic facial features, and ocular alterations such as ptosis, hypertelorism, nystagmus, and chorioretinal coloboma. The prevalence of this syndrome is unknown, there are only approximately 100 cases reported. However Dup22q11.2 should have a similar prevalence of DiGeorge syndrome (1 in each 4000 new-borns), in which the same chromosomal region that is duplicated in Dup22q11.2 is deleted. CASE PRESENTATION We report a patient with intellectual disability, psychomotor development delay, hearing loss with disyllable pronunciation only, hyperactivity, self-harm, hetero-aggressive behaviour, facial dysmorphism, left facial paralysis, post-axial polydactyly, and for the first time in patients with Dup22q11.2, optic nerve coloboma and dysplasia in optic nerve. Array comparative genomic hybridization showed a 22q11.23 duplication of 1.306 million base pairs. CONCLUSIONS New ocular findings in Dup22q11.2 syndrome, such as coloboma and dysplasia in the optic nerve, are reported here, contributing to the phenotypic characterization of a rarely diagnosed genetic syndrome. A complete characterization of the phenotype is necessary to increase the rate of clinical suspicion and then the genetic diagnostic. In addition, through bioinformatics analysis of the genes mapped to the 22q11.2 region, it is proposed that deregulation of the SPECC1L gene could be implicated in the development of ocular coloboma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Valencia-Peña
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Wilmar Saldarriaga
- Departments of Morphology and Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.,Obstetrician Gynaecologist at Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - César Payán-Gómez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
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23
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Lin A, Vajdi A, Kushan-Wells L, Helleman G, Hansen LP, Jonas RK, Jalbrzikowski M, Kingsbury L, Raznahan A, Bearden CE. Reciprocal Copy Number Variations at 22q11.2 Produce Distinct and Convergent Neurobehavioral Impairments Relevant for Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:260-272. [PMID: 32143830 PMCID: PMC7354903 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletions and duplications are copy number variations (CNVs) that predispose to developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Both CNVs are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), while the deletion confers disproportionate risk for schizophrenia. Neurobehavioral profiles associated with these reciprocal CNVs in conjunction with brain imaging measures have not been reported. METHODS We profiled the impact of 22q11.2 CNVs on neurobehavioral measures relevant to ASD and psychosis in 106 22q11.2 deletion carriers, 38 22q11.2 duplication carriers, and 82 demographically matched healthy control subjects. To determine whether brain-behavior relationships were altered in CNV carriers, we further tested for interactions between group and regional brain structure on neurobehavioral domains. RESULTS Cognitive deficits were observed in both CNV groups, with the lowest IQs in deletion carriers. ASD and dimensionally measured ASD traits were elevated in both CNV groups; however, duplication carriers exhibited increased stereotypies compared to deletion carriers. Moreover, discriminant analysis using ASD subdomains distinguished between CNV cases with 76% accuracy. Both psychotic disorder diagnosis and dimensionally measured positive and negative symptoms were elevated in deletion carriers. Finally, healthy control subjects showed an inverse relationship between processing speed and cortical thickness in heteromodal association areas, which was absent in both CNV groups. CONCLUSIONS 22q11.2 CNVs differentially modulate intellectual functioning and psychosis-related symptomatology but converge on broad ASD-related symptomatology. However, subtle differences in ASD profiles distinguish CNV groups. Processing speed impairments, coupled with the lack of normative relationship between processing speed and cortical thickness in CNV carriers, implicate aberrant development of the cortical mantle in the pathology underlying impaired processing speed ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ariana Vajdi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Leila Kushan-Wells
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gerhard Helleman
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Laura Pacheco Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rachel K Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lyle Kingsbury
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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24
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Du Q, de la Morena MT, van Oers NSC. The Genetics and Epigenetics of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. Front Genet 2020; 10:1365. [PMID: 32117416 PMCID: PMC7016268 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2del) is a complex, multi-organ disorder noted for its varying severity and penetrance among those affected. The clinical problems comprise congenital malformations; cardiac problems including outflow tract defects, hypoplasia of the thymus, hypoparathyroidism, and/or dysmorphic facial features. Additional clinical issues that can appear over time are autoimmunity, renal insufficiency, developmental delay, malignancy and neurological manifestations such as schizophrenia. The majority of individuals with 22q11.2del have a 3 Mb deletion of DNA on chromosome 22, leading to a haploinsufficiency of ~106 genes, which comprise coding RNAs, noncoding RNAs, and pseudogenes. The consequent haploinsufficiency of many of the coding genes are well described, including the key roles of T-box Transcription Factor 1 (TBX1) and DiGeorge Critical Region 8 (DGCR8) in the clinical phenotypes. However, the haploinsufficiency of these genes alone cannot account for the tremendous variation in the severity and penetrance of the clinical complications among those affected. Recent RNA and DNA sequencing approaches are uncovering novel genetic and epigenetic differences among 22q11.2del patients that can influence disease severity. In this review, the role of coding and non-coding genes, including microRNAs (miRNA) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), will be discussed in relation to their bearing on 22q11.2del with an emphasis on TBX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Du
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - M. Teresa de la Morena
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Washington and Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nicolai S. C. van Oers
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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25
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Yu A, Turbiville D, Xu F, Ray JW, Britt AD, Lupo PJ, Jain SK, Shattuck KE, Robinson SS, Dong J. Genotypic and phenotypic variability of 22q11.2 microduplications: An institutional experience. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2178-2189. [PMID: 31479204 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Duplications in the 22q11.2 region can cause 22q11.2 duplication syndrome and encompass a variety of phenotypes including developmental delays, facial abnormalities, cardiovascular defects, central nervous system delays, and other congenital abnormalities. However, the contribution of these contiguous duplicated regions to the clinical phenotypes has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified nine patients carrying different 22q11.2 microduplications detected by chromosomal microarray. Of these patients, seven pediatric patients presented with various clinical features including two neonate cases died shortly after birth, and two healthy adults. We examined region specific genotype-phenotype associations and found unpredictability associated with 22q11.2 duplications in these nine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yu
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Donald Turbiville
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Fangling Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Joseph W Ray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Allison D Britt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Pamela J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Sunil K Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Karen E Shattuck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Sally S Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jianli Dong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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26
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Li S, Han X, Ye M, Chen S, Shen Y, Niu J, Wang Y, Xu C. Prenatal Diagnosis of Microdeletions or Microduplications in the Proximal, Central, and Distal Regions of Chromosome 22q11.2: Ultrasound Findings and Pregnancy Outcome. Front Genet 2019; 10:813. [PMID: 31543904 PMCID: PMC6728414 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recurrent microdeletions and microduplications in the proximal, central, and distal regions of chromosomal 22q11.2 have been identified. However, due to a limited number of patients reported in the literature, highly variable clinical phenotypes, and incomplete penetrance, the pathogenicity of some microdeletions/microduplications in 22q11.2 central and distal regions is unclear. Hence, the genetic counseling and subsequent pregnancy decision are extremely challenging, especially when they are found in structurally normal fetuses. Here, we reported 27 consecutive cases diagnosed prenatally with 22q11.2 microdeletions or microduplications by chromosomal microarray analysis in our center. The prenatal ultrasound features, inheritance of the microdeletions/microduplications, and their effects on the pregnancy outcome were studied. We found that fetuses with 22q11.2 microdeletions were more likely to present with structure defects in the ultrasound, as compared with fetuses with 22q11.2 microduplications. Both the prenatal ultrasound findings and the inheritance of the microdeletions/microduplications affected the parent's decision of pregnancy. Those with structure defects in prenatal ultrasound or occurred de novo often resulted in termination of the pregnancy, whereas those with normal ultrasound and inherited from healthy parent were likely to continue the pregnancy and led to normal birth. Our study emphasized that proximal, central, and distal 22q11.2 deletions or duplications were different from each other, although some common features were shared among them. More studies are warranted to demonstrate the underlying mechanisms of different clinical features of these recurrent copy-number variations, thereby to provide more information for genetic counseling of 22q11.2 microdeletions and microduplications when they are detected prenatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Han
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mujin Ye
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Songchang Chen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghua Shen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmei Niu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenming Xu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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27
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Hiroi N, Yamauchi T. Modeling and Predicting Developmental Trajectories of Neuropsychiatric Dimensions Associated With Copy Number Variations. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:488-500. [PMID: 31135887 PMCID: PMC6672556 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Copy number variants, such as duplications and hemizygous deletions at chromosomal loci of up to a few million base pairs, are highly associated with psychiatric disorders. Hemizygous deletions at human chromosome 22q11.2 were found to be associated with elevated instances of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder in 1992 and 2002, respectively. Following these discoveries, many mouse models have been developed and tested to analyze the effects of gene dose alterations in small chromosomal segments and single genes of 22q11.2. Despite several limitations to modeling mental illness in mice, mouse models have identified several genes on 22q11.2-Tbx1, Dgcr8, Comt, Sept5, and Prodh-that contribute to dimensions of autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia, including working memory, social communication and interaction, and sensorimotor gating. Mouse studies have identified that heterozygous deletion of Tbx1 results in defective social communication during the neonatal period and social interaction deficits during adolescence/adulthood. Overexpression of Tbx1 or Comt in adult neural progenitor cells in the hippocampus delays the developmental maturation of working memory capacity. Collectively, mouse models of variants of these 4 genes have revealed several potential neuronal mechanisms underlying various aspects of psychiatric disorders, including adult neurogenesis, microRNA processing, catecholamine metabolism, and synaptic transmission. The validity of the mouse data would be ultimately tested when therapies or drugs based on such potential mechanisms are applied to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Hiroi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Takahira Yamauchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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28
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MEI J, LIU J, WANG M, ZHANG W, WANG H, LU S, HE C, JIN C. [Prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy outcomes of 22q11.2 duplication syndrome: analysis of 8 cases]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:429-433. [PMID: 31901048 PMCID: PMC8800662 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.08.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between 22q11.2 duplication and clinical phenotype. METHODS Eight fetuses with 22q11.2 duplication syndrome diagnosed by chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) through amniocentesis from February 2015 to March 2017 were enrolled in the study. The prenatal diagnostic indications, fetal ultrasound, chromosome karyotype, peripheral blood CMA results of parents, pregnancy outcomes and follow-up of postnatal growth and development were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Prenatal serological screening indicated 6 cases with high risk of trisomy 21, 1 case with nuchal fold (NF) thickening and 1 case of maternal chromosomal balanced translocation. Fetal ultrasonography showed 1 case of NF thickening, 1 case of fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly and 6 cases with normal ultrasound. CMA demonstrated that the size of duplication was between 651 kb and 3.26 Mb, and 22q11.2 duplication. Parents' CMA results revealed that 6 cases inherited from one of the parents with normal phenotype, and the parents of 2 cases refused the CMA test. Two couples chose induced labor; 6 cases of continued pregnancy had normal phenotypes at birth. All 6 cases were followed up with longest of 3.5 years. The growth and psychological development were normal in 5 cases, and one case was growth retardation. CONCLUSIONS There were no specific clinical phenotypes in 22q11.2 duplication syndrome, and most of them were inherited from one parent who has normal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chaying HE
- 何茶英(1964—), 女, 大学, 主任医师, 主要从事优生优育研究; E-mail:
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7730-8957
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29
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Wu D, Chen Y, Chen Q, Wang G, Xu X, Peng A, Hao J, He J, Huang L, Dai J. Clinical presentation and genetic profiles of Chinese patients with velocardiofacial syndrome in a large referral centre. J Genet 2019; 98:42. [PMID: 31204702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis and treatment of velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) with variable genotypes and phenotypes are considered to be very complicated. Establishing an exact correlation between the phenotypes and genotypes of VCFS is still a challenging. In this paper, 88 Chinese VCFS patients were divided into five groups based on palatal anomalies and one or two of other four common phenotypes, and copy number variations (CNVs) were detected using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The findings showed that palatal anomalies and characteristic malformation of face were important indicators for 22q11.2 microdeletion, and there was difference inthe phenotypic spectrum between the duplication and deletion of 22q11.2. MLPA was a highly cost-effective, sensitive and preferred method for patients with 22q11.2 deletion or duplication. Our results also firstly reported that all three patients who simultaneously exhibited palatal anomalies and cognitive disorder, without other phenotypes, have Top3b duplication, which strongly suggested that Top3b may be a pathogenic gene for these patients. Further, the findings showed that patients with palatal anomalies and congenital heart disease or immune deficiency, with or without other uncommon phenotypes, exhibited heterogeneity in CNVs, including 4q34.1-qter, 6q25.3, 4q23, Xp11.4, 13q21.1, 17q23.2, 7p21.3, 2p11.2, 11q24.3 and 16q23.3, and some possible pathogenic genes, including BCOR, PRR20A, TBX2, SMYD1, KLKB1 and TULP4 have been suggested. For these patients, aCGH, whole genomic sequencing,combined with references and phenomics database to find pathogenic gene,may be choices of priority. Taking these findings together, we offered an alternative method for diagnosis of Chinese VCFS patients based on this phenotypic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillo facial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Singer A, Maya I, Frumkin A, Zeligson S, Josefsberg SBY, Berger R, Shachar SB, Sagi-Dain L. Is fetal isolated double renal collecting system an indication for chromosomal microarray? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:696-700. [PMID: 31032679 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1613364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Duplication of the renal collecting system is one of the most common variants of urinary tract anatomy. The objective of our study was to examine the risk for chromosomal aberrations in this isolated prenatal sonographic finding.Methods: Data from all chromosomal microarray analyses (CMA) reported to the Ministry of Health between January 2013 and September 2017 were retrospectively obtained from a computerized database. All pregnancies with a sonographic diagnosis of the isolated duplex renal collecting system and documentation of CMA result were included. Rate of abnormal CMA findings was compared to the general population risk, based on a systematic review encompassing 9272 cases with normal ultrasound and a local data of 5541 pregnancies undergoing CMA due to maternal request.Results: Two pathogenic CMA finding was found amongst 143 pregnancies with double collecting system (1.4%), not significantly different from the risk for abnormal CMA results in the general population. In addition, five variants of unknown significance were demonstrated (3.5%).Conclusion: To our best knowledge, this analysis is the first report describing the rate of chromosomal anomalies in pregnancies with isolated duplex renal collecting system. Its results suggest that routine invasive prenatal testing with CMA analysis in such cases is no more useful than in the general population. Prospective well-adjusted studies are needed to guide the optimal management of these pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amihood Singer
- Department of Community Genetics, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Idit Maya
- Rabin Medical Center, Recanati Genetics Institute, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Ayala Frumkin
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah, Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharon Zeligson
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Shay Ben Shachar
- Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Genetics Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lena Sagi-Dain
- Carmel Medical Center, Affiliated to the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Genetics Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Wu D, Chen Y, Chen Q, Wang G, Xu X, Peng A, Hao J, He J, Huang L, Dai J. Clinical presentation and genetic profiles of Chinese patients with velocardiofacial syndrome in a large referral centre. J Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lundin J, Markljung E, Baranowska Körberg I, Hofmeister W, Cao J, Nilsson D, Holmdahl G, Barker G, Anderberg M, Vukojević V, Lindstrand A, Nordenskjöld A. Further support linking the 22q11.2 microduplication to an increased risk of bladder exstrophy and highlighting LZTR1 as a candidate gene. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e666. [PMID: 31044557 PMCID: PMC6565582 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The bladder exstrophy‐epispadias complex (BEEC) is a congenital malformation of the bladder and urethra. The underlying causes of this malformation are still largely unknown; however, aside from environment, genetics is thought to play an essential role. The recurrent 22q11.2 microduplication is the most persistently detected genetic aberration found in BEEC cases. Methods We performed array comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) analysis of 76 Swedish BEEC patients. Statistical analysis was performed on current dataset pooled with previously published data on the 22q11.2 microduplication in BEEC patients. We performed massive parallel sequencing (MPS) of the 22q11.2 region in 20 BEEC patients without the 22q11.2 microduplication followed by functional studies. Results We identified three additional cases with the 22q11.2 microduplication. Pooling data from this study with previously published reports showed a statistically significant enrichment of the 22q11.2 microduplication in BEEC patients (2.61% in cases vs. 0.08% in controls; OR = 32.6; p = 8.7 × 10−4). MPS of the 22q11.2 region in 20 BEEC patients without the 22q11.2 microduplication identified a novel variant in LZTR1 (p.Ser698Phe) in one patient. Functional evaluation of the LZTR1 p.Ser698Phe variant in live NIH 3T3 cells showed that the concentration and cytoplasmic mobility differ between the Lztr1wt and Lztr1mut, indicating a potential functional effect of the LZTR1mut. Conclusion Our study further emphasizes the involvement of the 22q11.2 region in BEEC development and highlights LZTR1 as a candidate gene underlying the urogenital malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Lundin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellen Markljung
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Wolfgang Hofmeister
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gundela Holmdahl
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gillian Barker
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Anderberg
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordenskjöld
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatric Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Clinical and immunological features in a cohort of patients with partial DiGeorge syndrome followed at a single center. Blood 2019; 133:2586-2596. [PMID: 31015189 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2018885244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by various degrees of T-cell deficiency. In partial DGS (pDGS), other risk factors could predispose to recurrent infections, autoimmunity, and allergy. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different factors in the development of infections, autoimmunity, and/or allergy in patients with pDGS. We studied 467 pDGS patients in follow-up at Great Ormond Street Hospital. Using a multivariate approach, we observed that palatal anomalies represent a risk factor for the development of recurrent otitis media with effusion. Gastroesophageal reflux/dysphagia and asthma/rhinitis represent a risk factor for the development of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. Allergy and autoimmunity were associated with persistently low immunoglobulin M levels and lymphopenia, respectively. Patients with autoimmunity showed lower levels of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and naïve CD4+CD45RA+CD27+ T lymphocytes compared with pDGS patients without autoimmunity. We also observed that the physiological age-related decline of the T-cell number was slower in pDGS patients compared with age-matched controls. The age-related recovery of the T-cell number depended on a homeostatic peripheral proliferation of T cells, as suggested by an accelerated decline of the naïve T lymphocytes in pDGS as well as a more skewed T-cell repertoire in older pDGS patients. These evidences suggest that premature CD4+ T-cell aging and lymphopenia induced spontaneous peripheral T-cell proliferation might contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity in patients with pDGS. Infections in these patients represent, in most of the cases, a complication of anatomical or gastroenterological anomalies rather than a feature of the underlying immunodeficiency.
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34
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Men M, Li W, Chen H, Wu J, Feng Y, Guo H, Li J. Identification of a Novel CNV at 8q13 in a Family With Branchio‐Oto‐Renal Syndrome and Epilepsy. Laryngoscope 2019; 130:526-532. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.27941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meichao Men
- Health Management Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsCentral South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsCentral South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human DiseasesCentral South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Feng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsCentral South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsCentral South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human DiseasesCentral South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Jia‐Da Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsCentral South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human DiseasesCentral South University Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
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Moein HR, Saeed HN, Jacobs DS, Rapoport Y, Yoon MK, Shah AS, Khan H, Raoof D, Jurkunas UV. Exposure, entropion, and bilateral corneal ulceration in a newborn as a manifestation of chromosome 22 q11.2 duplication syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2019; 13:16-19. [PMID: 30505980 PMCID: PMC6247406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chromosome 22q11.2 micro-duplication syndrome (MDS), is a rare autosomal dominant condition, with a highly variable phenotype that ranges from unremarkable and asymptomatic, to fatal due to cardiovascular defects. Hypertelorism, downslanting palpebral fissures, superior displacement of the eyebrows, and ptosis are the most commonly reported ocular manifestations. Here, we report a newborn with bilateral exposure, entropion, and corneal ulceration related to 22q11.2 MDS. Observation A newborn girl presented with bilateral upper eyelid entropion, bilateral lower eyelid ectropion, and lagophthalmos. She subsequently developed bilateral corneal ulcers. Topical antibacterial drops, bandage contact lenses, medroxyprogesterone 1%, and fluorometholone 0.1%, together with partial tarsorrhaphy and correction of eyelid malposition, were used to treat the ulcers and address the underlying issues of exposure and entropion. Genetic testing revealed chromosome 22q11.2.MDS; further evaluation revealed systemic manifestations of this syndrome. The ocular surface healed well with gradual improvement of corneal opacification as well as bilateral partial tarsorrhaphy. Conclusion and importance This report is the first that describes a newborn with 22q11.2 MDS presenting with sight-threatening corneal ulceration. Entropion, ectropion, and lagophthalmos were identified and treated, allowing for healing of the corneal surface. Genetic testing revealed a syndrome not known to be associated with eyelid abnormalities and corneal ulceration, but with other important systemic and ocular implications. Bilateral partial tarsorrhaphy should not be excluded as a treatment option for infants who fail more conservative measures for the treatment of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid-Reza Moein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hajirah N Saeed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah S Jacobs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA.,BostonSight, Needham, MA, USA
| | - Yuna Rapoport
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael K Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ankoor S Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haumith Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Duna Raoof
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ula V Jurkunas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
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36
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Woodward KJ, Stampalia J, Vanyai H, Rijhumal H, Potts K, Taylor F, Peverall J, Grumball T, Sivamoorthy S, Alinejad-Rokny H, Wray J, Whitehouse A, Nagarajan L, Scurlock J, Afchani S, Edwards M, Murch A, Beilby J, Baynam G, Kiraly-Borri C, McKenzie F, Heng JIT. Atypical nested 22q11.2 duplications between LCR22B and LCR22D are associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes including autism spectrum disorder with incomplete penetrance. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00507. [PMID: 30614210 PMCID: PMC6393688 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosome 22q11.2 is susceptible to genomic rearrangements and the most frequently reported involve deletions and duplications between low copy repeats LCR22A to LCR22D. Atypical nested deletions and duplications are rarer and can provide a valuable opportunity to investigate the dosage effects of a smaller subset of genes within the 22q11.2 genomic disorder region. Methods We describe thirteen individuals from six families, each with atypical nested duplications within the central 22q11.2 region between LCR22B and LCR22D. We then compared the molecular and clinical data for patients from this study and the few reported atypical duplication cases, to the cases with larger typical duplications between LCR22A and LCR22D. Further, we analyzed genes with the nested region to identify candidates highly enriched in human brain tissues. Results We observed that atypical nested duplications are heterogeneous in size, often familial, and associated with incomplete penetrance and highly variable clinical expressivity. We found that the nested atypical duplications are a possible risk factor for neurodevelopmental phenotypes, particularly for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), speech and language delay, and behavioral abnormalities. In addition, we analyzed genes within the nested region between LCR22B and LCR22D to identify nine genes (ZNF74, KLHL22, MED15, PI4KA, SERPIND1, CRKL, AIFM3, SLC7A4, and BCRP2) with enriched expression in the nervous system, each with unique spatiotemporal patterns in fetal and adult brain tissues. Interestingly, PI4KA is prominently expressed in the brain, and this gene is included either partially or completely in all of our subjects. Conclusion Our findings confirm variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance for atypical nested 22q11.2 duplications and identify genes such as PI4KA to be directly relevant to brain development and disorder. We conclude that further work is needed to elucidate the basis of variable neurodevelopmental phenotypes and to exclude the presence of a second disorder. Our findings contribute to the genotype–phenotype data for atypical nested 22q11.2 duplications, with implications for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Woodward
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julie Stampalia
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah Vanyai
- The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hashika Rijhumal
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kim Potts
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fiona Taylor
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne Peverall
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tanya Grumball
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Soruba Sivamoorthy
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hamid Alinejad-Rokny
- The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Wray
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Whitehouse
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lakshmi Nagarajan
- Children's Neuroscience Service, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Sabine Afchani
- State Child Development Centre, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Lockridge Child Development Centre, Lockridge, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Edwards
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith South DC, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Murch
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Beilby
- Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gareth Baynam
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Health, Office of Population Health Genomics, Public Health and Clinical Services Division, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Spatial Sciences, Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cathy Kiraly-Borri
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Children's Neuroscience Service, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fiona McKenzie
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julian I T Heng
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and Sarich Neuroscience Institute, Curtin University, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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37
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Li C, Chen B, Zheng J, Cheng L, Song T, Guo F, Xu H, Yan F, Xu Y, Li Y, Zhang J. Prenatal Diagnosis of BACs-on-Beads Assay in 3647 Cases of Amniotic Fluid Cells. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:1005-1012. [PMID: 30326779 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118804416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the BACs-on-Beads (BoBs) assay for the rapid diagnosis of common aneuploidies and microdeletion syndromes. METHODS BACs-on-Beads and chromosomal karyotyping were used for detecting 3647 cases of amniotic fluid samples with indications for prenatal diagnosis, which were collected from January 2015 to June 2017 in Xijing Hospital. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) provided further validation. RESULTS The overall abnormality detection rate (BoBs combined with karyotyping) was 7.73% (282/3647). A total of 209 chromosomal aneuploidies, 10 mosaic cases, 11 microdeletion/microduplication syndromes, and 52 structural abnormalities were observed. Both assays were concordant for trisomy 21 (4.22%, 154/3647), trisomy 18 (0.69%, 25/3647), trisomy 13 (0.05%, 2/3647), and sex chromosome aneuploidies (0.77%, 28/3647). Meanwhile, DiGeorge syndrome (0.05%, 2/3647), 22q11.2 microduplication (0.08%, 3/3647), Smith-Magenis syndrome (0.03%, 1/3647), 17p11.2 microduplication (0.03%, 1/3647), Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (0.03%, 1/3647), Williams-Beuren syndrome (0.03%, 1/3647), Cri du Chat syndrome (0.03%, 1/3647), and Miller-Dieker syndrome (0.03%, 1/3647) were identified by BoBs assay, thus giving the incidence of the detection of these syndromes of 0.30% (11/3647). CONCLUSION BACs-on-Beads assay is a reliable test for rapid detection of common aneuploidies and microdeletion syndromes, combining with karyotyping, FISH, and CMA, to improve the efficiency and accuracy of prenatal diagnosis to alleviate maternal emotional anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West ChangLe Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Biliang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West ChangLe Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West ChangLe Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West ChangLe Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West ChangLe Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fenfen Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West ChangLe Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West ChangLe Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West ChangLe Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West ChangLe Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West ChangLe Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianfang Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West ChangLe Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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38
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AlQarni MA, Alharbi A, Merdad L. Dental management of a patient with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2018-225765. [PMID: 30232069 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-225765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is one of the most common microdeletion syndromes, with an incidence of approximately 1/2000-1/4000 live births; it is thought to be mainly attributable to a de novo deletion. The clinical phenotype of this syndrome is highly variable. Certain craniofacial and oral features are common to most patients with 22q11.2DS, including a high prevalence of dental caries; abnormalities of tooth shape, eruption and number; and enamel defects such as hypomineralisation and hypoplasia. This report focuses on the dental features and management of an 8-year-old boy with 22q11.2DS. Dental treatments were carried out under general anaesthesia. In summary, facial dysmorphism and common dental manifestations are typically noticeable in patients with this syndrome. Therefore, dentists need to be aware of the dental features of this condition in order to refer them to the adequate specialists. Cooperation among and experience with different specialties are mandatory to improve quality of life for patients with 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adel Alharbi
- Paediatric Dentistry Department, Al Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena Merdad
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Bahji A, Khalid-Khan S. Episodic Behavioural Regression in an 8-Year-Old Female: Sequelae of 22q11.2 Duplication Syndrome. Case Rep Psychiatry 2018; 2018:1394356. [PMID: 30174976 PMCID: PMC6106909 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1394356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
22q11.2 duplication syndrome is a recently discovered genetic syndrome with unclear neuropsychiatric sequelae. While its connection to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is actively investigated, case reports on the neuropsychiatric sequelae of affected individuals have been previously described, largely focusing on comorbid autism spectrum disorder. Here, we present the case of an 8-year-old female experiencing episodes of severe behavioural regression following medical illness. We analyze the case and relate it to the available literature and identify potential risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bahji
- Division of Child & Youth Psychiatry, Queen's University, Canada
| | - S. Khalid-Khan
- Division of Child & Youth Psychiatry, Queen's University, Canada
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40
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Kylat RI. 22q11.2 Microduplication: An Enigmatic Genetic Disorder. J Pediatr Genet 2018; 7:138-142. [PMID: 30105124 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1655754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microduplication of 22q11.2 involves having an extra copy at position q11.2 on chromosome 22. Very few cases have been reported but the real incidence may be higher as the absence of obvious clinical signs makes diagnosis difficult. In the cases that are diagnosed, the phenotype is extremely variable. We describe a case of severe micrognathia, cleft palate, and Pierre-Robin sequence. A prenatal ultrasound showed severe micrognathia and subsequent microarray done on amniocentesis revealed the microduplication of 22q11.2, which was confirmed postnatally. Although micrognathia has often been detected in this microduplication, the constellation of these findings has not been previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit I Kylat
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine and Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States
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41
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Duplication and Deletion of 22q11 Associated with Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:585-590. [PMID: 29279955 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection (APVC) is an uncommon congenital anomaly in which pulmonary venous blood flows directly into the right side of the heart or into the systemic veins. To identify whether there is any association between 22q11 CNVs and APVC, we analyzed the clinical data of 86 APVC patients and then studied the CNVs of 22q11 in 86 sporadic APVC patients by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. The results showed that two patients carried the CNVs of 22q11, one patient had the deletion of 22q11 and the other had the duplication of 22q11. The incidence was significantly higher than that in the normal population (P < 0.01) that suggests a possible etiologic association between the duplication or deletion of 22q11 and the APVC in our patients.
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42
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Woestelandt L, Novo A, Philippe A, Guyaux N, Rio M, Romano S, Robel L. PDD-NOS, psychotic features and executive function deficits in a boy with proximal 22q11.2 microduplication: Evolution of the psychiatric symptom profile from childhood to adolescence. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 61:280-283. [PMID: 29307791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
22q11.2 microduplication (22q11.2DupS) is associated with a broad spectrum of phenotypes, including normality. Psychiatric disorders are described in 13% of these patients, including Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Intellectual Deficiency (ID), and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), but not schizophrenia. We report changes in the psychiatric symptom profile in the course of development of a young boy with a 22q11.2DupS syndrome, from early childhood to adolescence. The boy's psychiatric presentation was characterized by features of Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), with ADHD in early childhood, a single psychotic episode in mid-infancy, and executive impairment in adolescence. We discuss the importance of an in-depth assessment of cognitive functions in children with22q11.2DupS throughout their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Woestelandt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, APHP Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - A Novo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, APHP Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - A Philippe
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Institut Imagine, UMR 1163, France
| | - N Guyaux
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, APHP Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - M Rio
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Institut Imagine, UMR 1163, France
| | - S Romano
- Molecular Genetics Unit, APHP Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - L Robel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, APHP Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France; CESP, INSERM U1178, University Paris-Descartes, USPC Paris, 75014, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, PCPP, France.
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43
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Lansdon LA, Darbro BW, Petrin AL, Hulstrand AM, Standley JM, Brouillette RB, Long A, Mansilla MA, Cornell RA, Murray JC, Houston DW, Manak JR. Identification of Isthmin 1 as a Novel Clefting and Craniofacial Patterning Gene in Humans. Genetics 2018; 208:283-296. [PMID: 29162626 PMCID: PMC5753863 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts are one of the most common birth defects, affecting 1-2 per 1000 births, and have a complex etiology. High-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization has increased the ability to detect copy number variants (CNVs) that can be causative for complex diseases such as cleft lip and/or palate. Utilizing this technique on 97 nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate cases and 43 cases with cleft palate only, we identified a heterozygous deletion of Isthmin 1 in one affected case, as well as a deletion in a second case that removes putative 3' regulatory information. Isthmin 1 is a strong candidate for clefting, as it is expressed in orofacial structures derived from the first branchial arch and is also in the same "synexpression group" as fibroblast growth factor 8 and sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 1a and 2, all of which have been associated with clefting. CNVs affecting Isthmin 1 are exceedingly rare in control populations, and Isthmin 1 scores as a likely haploinsufficiency locus. Confirming its role in craniofacial development, knockdown or clustered randomly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-generated mutation of isthmin 1 in Xenopus laevis resulted in mild to severe craniofacial dysmorphologies, with several individuals presenting with median clefts. Moreover, knockdown of isthmin 1 produced decreased expression of LIM homeobox 8, itself a gene associated with clefting, in regions of the face that pattern the maxilla. Our study demonstrates a successful pipeline from CNV identification of a candidate gene to functional validation in a vertebrate model system, and reveals Isthmin 1 as both a new human clefting locus as well as a key craniofacial patterning gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Lansdon
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Biology
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics
| | - Benjamin W Darbro
- Department of Pediatrics
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics
| | - Aline L Petrin
- Department of Pediatrics
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242 and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert A Cornell
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Biology
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa 52242 and
| | | | - J Robert Manak
- Department of Pediatrics,
- Department of Biology
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics
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44
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Dale B, Modi BM, Jilderda S, McConnell B, Hoang N, Swaroop P, Falcon J, Thiruvahindrapuram B, Walker S, Scherer SW, Stavropoulos DJ, Drmic IE, Carter MT. Atypical autism in a boy with double duplication of 22q11.2: implications of increasing dosage. NPJ Genom Med 2017; 2:28. [PMID: 29263838 PMCID: PMC5677976 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-017-0031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Duplication of chromosome 22q11.2 (LCR A-D) has been reported at higher frequencies in clinical samples than the general population, but phenotypes vary widely. Triplication (4 copies) is rare, but studying the associated phenotype may provide insight into dosage-sensitivity of the genes in this chromosomal interval. We describe a proband with a triplication, specifically a “double duplication” (two copies per chromosome) of the 22q11.2 region, while his parents and two siblings each have a single duplication (3 copies). The proband had a heart malformation, dysmorphic features, and learning and socialization deficits, whereas the other family members did not. This family illustrates that while duplication of the 22q11.2 may not be sufficient to cause clinically significant neurodevelopmental or health-related phenotypes, triplication of the same region may result in a phenotype characterized by a mild neurodevelopmental disorder, facial dysmorphism, and possibly cardiac anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Dale
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | | | - Sanne Jilderda
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Beth McConnell
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ny Hoang
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children and McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Pooja Swaroop
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jhoan Falcon
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children and McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Susan Walker
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children and McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children and McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - D James Stavropoulos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genome Diagnostics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Irene E Drmic
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children and McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Melissa T Carter
- Regional Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON Canada
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45
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Caballero Pérez V, López Pisón F, Miramar Gallart M, González Álvarez A, García Jiménez M, García Iñiguez J, Orden Rueda C, Gil Hernández I, Fuertes Rodrigo C, Fernando Martínez R, Rodríguez Valle A, Alcaine Villarroya M. Phenotype in patients with intellectual disability and pathological results in array CGH. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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46
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Lin A, Ching CRK, Vajdi A, Sun D, Jonas RK, Jalbrzikowski M, Kushan-Wells L, Pacheco Hansen L, Krikorian E, Gutman B, Dokoru D, Helleman G, Thompson PM, Bearden CE. Mapping 22q11.2 Gene Dosage Effects on Brain Morphometry. J Neurosci 2017; 37:6183-6199. [PMID: 28536274 PMCID: PMC6705695 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3759-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal chromosomal rearrangements at the 22q11.2 locus are associated with elevated risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. The 22q11.2 deletion confers the highest known genetic risk for schizophrenia, but a duplication in the same region is strongly associated with autism and is less common in schizophrenia cases than in the general population. Here we conducted the first study of 22q11.2 gene dosage effects on brain structure in a sample of 143 human subjects: 66 with 22q11.2 deletions (22q-del; 32 males), 21 with 22q11.2 duplications (22q-dup; 14 males), and 56 age- and sex-matched controls (31 males). 22q11.2 gene dosage varied positively with intracranial volume, gray and white matter volume, and cortical surface area (deletion < control < duplication). In contrast, gene dosage varied negatively with mean cortical thickness (deletion > control > duplication). Widespread differences were observed for cortical surface area with more localized effects on cortical thickness. These diametric patterns extended into subcortical regions: 22q-dup carriers had a significantly larger right hippocampus, on average, but lower right caudate and corpus callosum volume, relative to 22q-del carriers. Novel subcortical shape analysis revealed greater radial distance (thickness) of the right amygdala and left thalamus, and localized increases and decreases in subregions of the caudate, putamen, and hippocampus in 22q-dup relative to 22q-del carriers. This study provides the first evidence that 22q11.2 is a genomic region associated with gene-dose-dependent brain phenotypes. Pervasive effects on cortical surface area imply that this copy number variant affects brain structure early in the course of development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Probing naturally occurring reciprocal copy number variation in the genome may help us understand mechanisms underlying deviations from typical brain and cognitive development. The 22q11.2 genomic region is particularly susceptible to chromosomal rearrangements and contains many genes crucial for neuronal development and migration. Not surprisingly, reciprocal genomic imbalances at this locus confer some of the highest known genetic risks for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we provide the first evidence that brain morphology differs meaningfully as a function of reciprocal genomic variation at the 22q11.2 locus. Cortical thickness and surface area were affected in opposite directions with more widespread effects of gene dosage on cortical surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California 90292
| | - Ariana Vajdi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Daqiang Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Rachel K Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, and
| | - Leila Kushan-Wells
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Laura Pacheco Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Emma Krikorian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Boris Gutman
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California 90292
| | - Deepika Dokoru
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Gerhard Helleman
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California 90292
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095,
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
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47
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Nguyen LT, Fleishman R, Flynn E, Prasad R, Moulick A, Mesia CI, Moyer S, Jethva R. 22q11.2 microduplication syndrome with associated esophageal atresia/tracheo-esophageal fistula and vascular ring. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:351-356. [PMID: 28265405 PMCID: PMC5331229 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This case report describes a patient with a 22q11.2 duplication. His features, which include VACTERL association with an esophageal atresia/tracheo‐esophageal fistula and a vascular ring, expand the previously described phenotype for this duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda T Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics Drexel University College of Medicine St. Christopher's Hospital for Children Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Rachel Fleishman
- Department of Pediatrics Drexel University College of Medicine St. Christopher's Hospital for Children Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Emilee Flynn
- Department of Pediatrics Drexel University College of Medicine St. Christopher's Hospital for Children Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Rajeev Prasad
- Department of Medical Genetics and Surgery Drexel University College of Medicine St. Christopher's Hospital for Children Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Achintya Moulick
- Department of Medical Genetics and Surgery Drexel University College of Medicine St. Christopher's Hospital for Children Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Cesar Igor Mesia
- Department of Pediatrics Drexel University College of Medicine St. Christopher's Hospital for Children Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Sue Moyer
- Department of Medical Genetics and Surgery Drexel University College of Medicine St. Christopher's Hospital for Children Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Reena Jethva
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine Saint Peter's University Hospital New Brunswisk New Jersey USA
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48
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Luo JW, Yang H, Tan ZP, Tu M, Luo H, Yang YF, Xie L. A clinical and molecular analysis of a patient with Emanuel syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1348-1352. [PMID: 28075445 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Emanuel syndrome (ES) is the most frequent type of recurrent non‑Robertsonian translocation that is characterized by numerous anomalies. Over 100 patients with ES have been described in the literature. The phenotype of this syndrome varies but often consists of facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, severe intellectual disability, developmental retardation, congenital heart disease and genital anomalies. The present study describes a 2‑year‑old boy with multiple malformations, including facial dysmorphism, severe intellectual disability, growth retardation, congenital heart disease, cleft lip and palate, genital malformation (micropenis), amblyopia, thymic dysplasia and hearing impairment. The karyotype of the patient was 47,XY,+del(22)(q13), and the maternal karyotype was 46,XX,t(11;22)(q25;q13),9qh‑,15p+. Single‑nucleotide polymorphism‑array analysis of the proband indicated a partial duplication of chromosomes 22 and 11 at 22q11.1‑q11.21 and 11q23.3‑q25, respectively, which confirmed the diagnosis of ES. To date, no cases of ES have been reported in mainland China. The present case further emphasizes the necessity and importance of high‑resolution techniques for genetic diagnosis and for subsequent genetic counseling. The present study contributed to the phenotypic delineation of ES and confirmed the first ES patient in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wen Luo
- Department of Cardio‑Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ping Tan
- The Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy of The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ming Tu
- The Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Feng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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49
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Forbes BJ, McDonald-McGinn DM, Wootton G, Dawson L, Zackai E, Binenbaum G. Ocular findings associated with chromosome 22q11.2 duplication. J AAPOS 2016; 20:278-80. [PMID: 27108843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe the ocular features of the chromosome 22q11.2 duplication syndrome and provide ophthalmologic examination recommendations for affected patients. The medical records of 19 children with chromosome 22q11.2 duplication who had undergone complete ophthalmological examination, including dilated fundus examination and cycloplegic refraction, were studied retrospectively. Over half of the children with 22q11.2 duplication syndrome were found to have visually significant ocular abnormalities, including 6 with strabismus, 2 with moderately high astigmatism requiring glasses, 1 with unilateral congenital cataract requiring surgery, 1 with optic disk drusen, 1 with bilateral megalocornea with normal eye pressures, 1 with nystagmus that resolved spontaneously, and 1 with delayed visual maturation. Because of the high incidence of conditions that could affect visual development, we recommend that children with 22q11.2 duplication syndrome have a complete ophthalmological examination on diagnosis and regular vision screenings by their primary care physician thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Forbes
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Georgia Wootton
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Lindsay Dawson
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Gil Binenbaum
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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50
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Phenotype in patients with intellectual disability and pathological results in array CGH. Neurologia 2016; 32:568-578. [PMID: 27157524 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Global developmental delay (GDD) and intellectual disability (ID) are frequent reasons for consultation in paediatric neurology departments. Nowadays, array comparative genomic hybridisation (array-CGH) is one of the most widely used techniques for diagnosing these disorders. Our purpose was to determine the phenotypic features associated with pathological results in this genetic test. METHODS We conducted a blind study of the epidemiological, clinical, anthropometric, and morphological features of 80 patients with unexplained ID to determine which features were associated with pathological results in array-CGH. RESULTS Pathological results were found in 27.5% of the patients. Factors associated with pathological results in array-CGH were a family history of GDD/ID (OR = 12.1), congenital malformations (OR = 5.33), having more than 3 facial dysmorphic features (OR = 20.9), and hypotonia (OR = 3.25). CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with those reported by other published series. We therefore conclude that the probability of having pathological results in array-CGH increases with the presence of any of the features mentioned above in patients with ID/GDD.
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