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Sultana M, Islam MM, Hossain MM, Rahman MA, Das SC, Barman DN, Mitu FS, Gupta SD. Association of CAPN10 gene (rs3842570) polymorphism with the type 2 diabetes mellitus among the population of Noakhali region in Bangladesh: a case-control study. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e33. [PMID: 37813629 PMCID: PMC10584643 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial, polygenic, and metabolically complicated disease. A large number of genes are responsible for the biogenesis of T2DM and calpain10 (CAPN10) is one of them. The association of numerous CAPN10 genetic polymorphisms in the development of T2DM has been widely studied in different populations and noticed inconclusive results. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the plausible association of CAPN10 polymorphism SNP-19 (rs3842570) with T2DM and T2DM-related anthropometric and metabolic traits in the Noakhali region of Bangladesh. This case-control study included 202 T2DM patients and 75 healthy individuals from different places in Noakhali. A significant association (p < 0.05) of SNP-19 with T2DM in co-dominant 2R/3R vs. 3R/3R (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; p=0.0014) and dominant (2R/3R) + (2R/2R) vs. 3R/3R (OR, 2.47; p=0.0011) genetic models was observed. High-risk allele 2R also showed a significant association with T2DM in the allelic model (OR, 1.67; p=0.0109). The genotypic frequency of SNP-19 variants showed consistency with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). Additionally, SNP-19 genetic variants showed potential associations with the anthropometric and metabolic traits of T2DM patients in terms of body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Our approach identifies the 2R/3R genotype of SNP-19 as a significant risk factor for biogenesis of T2DM in the Noakhali population. Furthermore, a large-scale study could be instrumental to correlate this finding in overall Bangladeshi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munia Sultana
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mafizul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Murad Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Anisur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Shuvo Chandra Das
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Dhirendra Nath Barman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Siddiqi Mitu
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Shipan Das Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
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El-Far SW, Kassem HS, Embaby AM, Saad AA, Mowafy N, Haroun M. Association of CAPN10 haplotype combinations with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome among Egyptians: pilot study—genotyping of three CAPN10 variants. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
T2DM is a polygenic, metabolic complex and multifactorial disease. Several genes contribute to risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome among different populations.
Results
An relationship between three identified CAPN-10 variants [SNP-43 (rs#3792267), SNP-19 (rs#3842570) and SNP-63 (rs#5030952)] localized on 2q37 and type 2 diabetic patients with and without metabolic syndrome (MS) have been reported in our comparative study (diabetic vs health control individuals). Genotyping of study cohorts was carried out using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR). Statistical analysis of data reveals that the haplotype combination 111/112 confers a significant risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with the homozygous haplotype combination of 122/122 are less susceptible to MS when compared to other patients carrying other haplotype combinations. Regarding obesity, a core component in MS, the haplotype combinations 111/121 and 122/122 demonstrate a significant protective role. Furthermore, the haplotype combination 111/111 displays a significant risk for high levels of total cholesterol.
Conclusion
Present findings address that these haplotype combinations 111/112, 111/121 and 122/122 of CAPN-10 SNP-43, -19 and -63 constitute unique DNA biomarker fingerprints toward susceptibility and risk for T2DM and MS among Egyptians when compared to other haplotype combinations reported in other populations of different ethnicity. To enhance the power of human evolution control nowadays, mutations and polymorphisms in target genes associated with human diseases should be well understood.
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Sirdah MM, Reading NS. Genetic predisposition in type 2 diabetes: A promising approach toward a personalized management of diabetes. Clin Genet 2020; 98:525-547. [PMID: 32385895 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, also known simply as diabetes, has been described as a chronic and complex endocrine metabolic disorder that is a leading cause of death across the globe. It is considered a key public health problem worldwide and one of four important non-communicable diseases prioritized for intervention through world health campaigns by various international foundations. Among its four categories, Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the commonest form of diabetes accounting for over 90% of worldwide cases. Unlike monogenic inherited disorders that are passed on in a simple pattern, T2D is a multifactorial disease with a complex etiology, where a mixture of genetic and environmental factors are strong candidates for the development of the clinical condition and pathology. The genetic factors are believed to be key predisposing determinants in individual susceptibility to T2D. Therefore, identifying the predisposing genetic variants could be a crucial step in T2D management as it may ameliorate the clinical condition and preclude complications. Through an understanding the unique genetic and environmental factors that influence the development of this chronic disease individuals can benefit from personalized approaches to treatment. We searched the literature published in three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science for the current status of T2D and its associated genetic risk variants and discus promising approaches toward a personalized management of this chronic, non-communicable disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Sirdah
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Biology Department, Al Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - N Scott Reading
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Ortega-Vega EL, Guzmán-Castañeda SJ, Campo O, Velásquez-Mejía EP, de la Cuesta-Zuluaga J, Bedoya G, Escobar JS. Variants in genes of innate immunity, appetite control and energy metabolism are associated with host cardiometabolic health and gut microbiota composition. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:556-568. [PMID: 31154934 PMCID: PMC7524339 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1619440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the genetic and non-genetic determinants of obesity and related cardiometabolic dysfunctions is cornerstone for their prevention, treatment, and control. While genetic variants contribute to the cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS), non-genetic factors, such as the gut microbiota, also play key roles. Gut microbiota is intimately associated with CMS and its composition is heritable. However, associations between this microbial community and host genetics are understudied. We contribute filling this gap by genotyping 60 variants in 39 genes of three modules involved in CMS risk, measuring cardiometabolic risk factors, and characterizing gut microbiota in a cohort of 441 Colombians. We hypothesized that CMS risk variants were correlated with detrimental levels of clinical parameters and with the abundance of disease-associated microbes. We found several polymorphisms in genes of innate immunity, appetite control, and energy metabolism that were associated with metabolic dysregulation and microbiota composition; the associations between host genetics and cardiometabolic health were independent of the participants' gut microbiota, and those between polymorphisms and gut microbes were independent of the CMS risk. Associations were also independent of the host genetic ancestry, diet and lifestyle. Most microbes explaining genetic-microbiota associations belonged to the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. Multiple CMS risk alleles were correlated with increased abundance of beneficial microbiota, suggesting that the phenotypic outcome of the evaluated variants might depend upon the genetic background of the studied population and its environmental context. Our results provide additional evidence that the gut microbiota is under the host genetic control and present pathways of host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban L. Ortega-Vega
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética Molecular (GENMOL), Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Sandra J. Guzmán-Castañeda
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética Molecular (GENMOL), Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Omer Campo
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética Molecular (GENMOL), Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Eliana P. Velásquez-Mejía
- Vidarium–Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Jacobo de la Cuesta-Zuluaga
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética Molecular (GENMOL), Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Bedoya
- Grupo de Investigación en Genética Molecular (GENMOL), Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan S. Escobar
- Vidarium–Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Medellin, Colombia
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Vimaleswaran KS. A nutrigenetics approach to study the impact of genetic and lifestyle factors on cardiometabolic traits in various ethnic groups: findings from the GeNuIne Collaboration. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:194-204. [PMID: 32000867 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665119001186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Several studies on gene-diet interactions (nutrigenetics) have been performed in western populations; however, there are only a few studies to date in lower middle-income countries (LMIC). A large-scale collaborative project called gene-nutrient interactions (GeNuIne) Collaboration, the main objective of which is to investigate the effect of GeNuIne on cardiometabolic traits using population-based studies from various ethnic groups, has been initiated at the University of Reading, UK. While South Asians with higher genetic risk score (GRS) showed a higher risk of obesity in response to a high-carbohydrate diet, South East and Western Asian populations with higher GRS showed an increased risk of central obesity in response to a high-protein diet. The paper also provides a summary of other gene-diet interaction analyses that were performed in LMIC as part of this collaborative project and gives an overview of how these nutrigenetic findings can be translated to personalised and public health approaches for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Surendran S, Aji AS, Ariyasra U, Sari SR, Malik SG, Tasrif N, Yani FF, Lovegrove JA, Sudji IR, Lipoeto NI, Vimaleswaran KS. A nutrigenetic approach for investigating the relationship between vitamin B12 status and metabolic traits in Indonesian women. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2019; 18:389-399. [PMID: 31890664 PMCID: PMC6914754 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adverse effects of maternal vitamin B12 deficiency have been linked to major clinical outcomes, including increased body mass index and gestational diabetes, however, less is known about vitamin B12 nutrition in non-pregnant women. Hence, the aim of the present study was to explore the relationships between metabolic traits and vitamin B12 status in a cohort of healthy Indonesian women and to investigate whether these relationships were modified by dietary intake using a genetic approach. METHODS A total of 117 Minangkabau women (aged 25-60 years), from the city of Padang, West Sumatra underwent anthropometric, biochemical, dietary intake analysis and genetic tests. Genetic risk scores (GRS) based on nine vitamin B12 associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (B12-GRS) and nine metabolic SNPs (metabolic-GRS) were constructed. RESULTS The B12-GRS and metabolic-GRS had no effect on vitamin B12 (P > 0.160) and metabolic traits (P > 0.085). However, an interaction was observed between the B12-GRS and dietary fibre intake (g) on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels (P interaction = 0.042), where among those who consumed a low fibre diet (4.90 ± 1.00 g/day), individuals carrying ≥9 risk alleles for vitamin B12 deficiency had significantly higher HbA1C levels (P = 0.025) compared to those carrying ≤8 risk alleles. CONCLUSION Our study showed a significant impact of the B12-GRS on HbA1C concentrations through the influence of a dietary factor, however, our study failed to provide evidence for an impact of metabolic-GRS on lowering B12 concentrations. Further replication studies utilizing larger sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Surendran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - A. S. Aji
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra Indonesia
| | - U. Ariyasra
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra Indonesia
| | - S. R. Sari
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra Indonesia
| | - S. G. Malik
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - N. Tasrif
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | - F. F. Yani
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | - J. A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - I. R. Sudji
- Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | - N. I. Lipoeto
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Bedi O, Aggarwal S, Trehanpati N, Ramakrishna G, Krishan P. Molecular and Pathological Events Involved in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes-Associated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 9:607-618. [PMID: 31695251 PMCID: PMC6823706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a rising epidemic in most part of the world and is often associated with multiple organ disorders such as kidney, liver, and cardiovascular diseases. Liver is a major metabolic hub, and the metabolic disorders associated with diabetes result in liver dysfunctions culminating in spectrum of liver diseases such as fatty liver disorders, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The intervention strategies to prevent diabetes-associated liver injury require an overall understanding of the key factors and molecular pathways which can be strategically targeted. The present review focuses on some of the key aspects of fatty acid metabolism, fetuin-A regulation, inflammatory pathways, and genetic factors associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and so on involved in the nexus between diabetes and liver injury. Further recent interventions, pharmacological target, and newer therapeutic agents are discussed briefly for the better clinical management of diabetes-associated hepatic disorders.
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Key Words
- AP-1, Activator protein 1
- DLI, diabetic liver injury
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DMPs, Damage-associated molecular patterns
- FFA, free fatty acid
- FOXO1, Forkhead box protein O1
- FetA, fetuin-A
- G6Pase, Glucose-6-phosphatase
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IKK, IκB kinase
- IL, interleukin
- IRS2, Insulin receptor substrate-2
- IκB, Inhibitor of Kb
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- MD2, Myeloid differentiation protein-2
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MyD88, Myeloid differentiation factor 88
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- NFe κB, Nuclear factor-κB
- NIDDM, noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus
- PC, Pyruvate carboxylase
- PEPCK, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- PIP3, Phosphatidyl inositol (3, 4, 5)-triphosphate
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Th 17, T helper 17 cells
- VLDL, very low–density lipoprotein
- diabetes mellitus
- diabetic liver injury
- fetuin-A
- free fatty acid
- inflammatory mediators
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Affiliation(s)
- Onkar Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Savera Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupma Trehanpati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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A genetic approach to examine the relationship between vitamin B12 status and metabolic traits in a South Asian population. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-019-00749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Szabo M, Máté B, Csép K, Benedek T. Genetic Approaches to the Study of Gene Variants and Their Impact on the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes. Biochem Genet 2017; 56:22-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-017-9827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Human-specific derived alleles of CD33 and other genes protect against postreproductive cognitive decline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 113:74-9. [PMID: 26621708 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517951112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The individuals of most vertebrate species die when they can no longer reproduce. Humans are a rare exception, having evolved a prolonged postreproductive lifespan. Elders contribute to cooperative offspring care, assist in foraging, and communicate important ecological and cultural knowledge, increasing the survival of younger individuals. Age-related deterioration of cognitive capacity in humans compromises these benefits and also burdens the group with socially costly members. We investigated the contribution of the immunoregulatory receptor CD33 to a uniquely human postreproductive disease, Alzheimer's dementia. Surprisingly, even though selection at advanced age is expected to be weak, a CD33 allele protective against Alzheimer's disease is derived and unique to humans and favors a functional molecular state of CD33 resembling that of the chimpanzee. Thus, derived alleles may be compensatory and restore interactions altered as a consequence of human-specific brain evolution. We found several other examples of derived alleles at other human loci that protect against age-related cognitive deterioration arising from neurodegenerative disease or cerebrovascular insufficiency. Selection by inclusive fitness may be strong enough to favor alleles protecting specifically against cognitive decline in postreproductive humans. Such selection would operate by maximizing the contributions of postreproductive individuals to the fitness of younger kin.
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Yao H, Wang Z, Wang T, Ma Y, Su Y, Ma Q, Wang L, Zhu J. Association of TCF7L2 Genetic Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Uygur Population of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:11797-814. [PMID: 26393635 PMCID: PMC4586708 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120911797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphisms of the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene have been reported to be strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Icelandic, Danish and American populations and further replicated in other European populations, African Americans, Mexican Americans, and Asian populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms with T2DM in a Uygur population of China. METHODS 877 T2DM patients and 871 controls were selected for the present study. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs12255372 and rs7901695) were genotyped by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The associations of SNPs and haplotypes with T2DM and linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure of the TCF7L2 gene were analyzed. RESULTS For total participants and male, the distribution of rs12255372 alleles and the dominant model (Guanine Guanine (GG) genotype vs. Guanine Thymine (GT) genotype + Thymine Thymine (TT) genotype) showed significant difference between T2DM and control subjects (for allele: p = 0.013 and p = 0.002, respectively; for dominant model: p = 0.028 and p = 0.008, respectively). The distribution of rs7901695 alleles and the dominant model (TT genotype vs. Thymine Cytosine (TC) genotype + Cytosine Cytosine (CC) genotype) for total participants and male showed significant difference between T2DM and control subjects (for allele: both p = 0.001; for dominant model: p = 0.006 and p = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that the genetic polymorphisms of the TCF7L2 gene were associated with T2DM in the Uygur population of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China.
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China.
| | - Yinxia Su
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China.
| | - Qi Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China.
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Huerta-Chagoya A, Vázquez-Cárdenas P, Moreno-Macías H, Tapia-Maruri L, Rodríguez-Guillén R, López-Vite E, García-Escalante G, Escobedo-Aguirre F, Parra-Covarrubias A, Cordero-Brieño R, Manzo-Carrillo L, Zacarías-Castillo R, Vargas-García C, Aguilar-Salinas C, Tusié-Luna T. Genetic determinants for gestational diabetes mellitus and related metabolic traits in Mexican women. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126408. [PMID: 25973943 PMCID: PMC4431878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and physiological similarities among Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) suggest that both diseases, share a common genetic background. T2D risk variants have been associated to GDM susceptibility. However, the genetic architecture of GDM is not yet completely understood. We analyzed 176 SNPs for 115 loci previously associated to T2D, GDM and body mass index (BMI), as well as a set of 118 Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs), in 750 pregnant Mexican women. Association with GDM was found for two of the most frequently replicated T2D loci: a TCF7L2 haplotype (CTTC: rs7901695, rs4506565, rs7903146, rs12243326; P=2.16x10-06; OR=2.95) and a KCNQ1 haplotype (TTT: rs2237892, rs163184, rs2237897; P=1.98x10-05; OR=0.55). In addition, we found two loci associated to glycemic traits: CENTD2 (60’ OGTT glycemia: rs1552224, P=0.03727) and MTNR1B (HOMA B: rs1387153, P=0.05358). Remarkably, a major susceptibility SLC16A11 locus for T2D in Mexicans was not shown to play a role in GDM risk. The fact that two of the main T2D associated loci also contribute to the risk of developing GDM in Mexicans, confirm that both diseases share a common genetic background. However, lack of association with a Native American contribution T2D risk haplotype, SLC16A11, suggests that other genetic mechanisms may be in play for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM / Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, D.F., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola Vázquez-Cárdenas
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM / Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, D.F., Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Leonardo Tapia-Maruri
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM / Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, D.F., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosario Rodríguez-Guillén
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM / Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, D.F., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika López-Vite
- Departamento de Ginelocología y Obstetricia, Hospital General O´Horan, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | - Fernando Escobedo-Aguirre
- Departamento de Ginecología y Medicina Perinatal, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, D.F., Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Roberto Cordero-Brieño
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital General Manuel Gea González, D.F., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lizette Manzo-Carrillo
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital General Manuel Gea González, D.F., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Zacarías-Castillo
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital General Manuel Gea González, D.F., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Vargas-García
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Centro de Investigación Materno Infantil GEN, D.F., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Aguilar-Salinas
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salcador Zubirán, D.F., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM / Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, D.F., Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Prasad RB, Groop L. Genetics of type 2 diabetes-pitfalls and possibilities. Genes (Basel) 2015; 6:87-123. [PMID: 25774817 PMCID: PMC4377835 DOI: 10.3390/genes6010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disease that is caused by a complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. While the major environmental factors, diet and activity level, are well known, identification of the genetic factors has been a challenge. However, recent years have seen an explosion of genetic variants in risk and protection of T2D due to the technical development that has allowed genome-wide association studies and next-generation sequencing. Today, more than 120 variants have been convincingly replicated for association with T2D and many more with diabetes-related traits. Still, these variants only explain a small proportion of the total heritability of T2D. In this review, we address the possibilities to elucidate the genetic landscape of T2D as well as discuss pitfalls with current strategies to identify the elusive unknown heritability including the possibility that our definition of diabetes and its subgroups is imprecise and thereby makes the identification of genetic causes difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi B Prasad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, CRC, Skåne University Hospital SUS, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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Song JF, Wang T, Zhu J, Zhou XY, Lu Q, Guo H, Zhang F, Wang Y, Li W, Wang DD, Cui YW, Lv DM, Yin XX. PPARDrs2016520 polymorphism affects repaglinide response in Chinese Han patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 42:27-32. [PMID: 25311380 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fang Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
- Department of Pharmacy; Wuxi Third People's Hospital; Wuxi China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy; the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Xue-Yan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Hao Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy; the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Wei Li
- Depatment of Endocrinology; the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Ya-Wen Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Dong-Mei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy; the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
| | - Xiao-Xing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou China
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Al-Sinani S, Hassan MO, Zadjali F, Al-Yahyaee S, Albarwani S, Rizvi S, Jaju D, Comuzzie A, Voruganti VS, Bayoumi R. Utility of large consanguineous family-based model for investigating the genetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Gene 2014; 548:22-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Pánico P, Salazar AM, Burns AL, Ostrosky-Wegman P. Role of calpain-10 in the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:103-15. [PMID: 24508288 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Calpain activity has been implicated in several cellular processes such as cell signaling, apoptosis, exocytosis, mitochondrial metabolism and cytoskeletal remodeling. Evidence has indicated that the impairment of calpain expression and the activity of different calpain family members are involved in diverse pathologies. Calpain-10 has been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes, and polymorphisms in the CAPN10 gene have been associated with an increased risk of developing this disease. The present work focused on the molecular biology of calpain-10, supporting its key participation in glucose metabolism. Current knowledge regarding the role of calpain-10 in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetes-related diseases is additionally reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pánico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. Mexico
| | - Ana María Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. Mexico
| | - Anna L Burns
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D.F. Mexico.
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17
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Groop L, Pociot F. Genetics of diabetes--are we missing the genes or the disease? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:726-739. [PMID: 23587769 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. Several pathogenic processes are involved in the development of diabetes. These range from autoimmune destruction of the beta-cells of the pancreas with consequent insulin deficiency to abnormalities that result in resistance to insulin action (American Diabetes Association, 2011). The vast majority of cases of diabetes fall into two broad categories. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), the cause is an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion, whereas in type 2 diabetes (T2D), the cause is a combination of resistance to insulin action and an inadequate compensatory insulin secretory response. However, the subdivision into two main categories represents a simplification of the real situation, and research during the recent years has shown that the disease is much more heterogeneous than a simple subdivision into two major subtypes assumes. Worldwide prevalence figures estimate that there are 280 million diabetic patients in 2011 and more than 500 million in 2030 (http://www.diabetesatlas.org/). In Europe, about 6-8% of the population suffer from diabetes, of them about 90% has T2D and 10% T1D, thereby making T2D to the fastest increasing disease in Europe and worldwide. This epidemic has been ascribed to a collision between the genes and the environment. While our knowledge about the genes is clearly better for T1D than for T2D given the strong contribution of variation in the HLA region to the risk of T1D, the opposite is the case for T2D, where our knowledge about the environmental triggers (obesity, lack of exercise) is much better than the understanding of the underlying genetic causes. This lack of knowledge about the underlying genetic causes of diabetes is often referred to as missing heritability (Manolio et al., 2009) which exceeds 80% for T2D but less than 25% for T1D. In the following review, we will discuss potential sources of this missing heritability which also includes the possibility that our definition of diabetes and its subgroups is imprecise and thereby making the identification of genetic causes difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Skåne, Malmö, Sweden; Glostrup Research Institute, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Skåne, Malmö, Sweden; Glostrup Research Institute, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
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Díaz-Villaseñor A, Cruz L, Cebrián A, Hernández-Ramírez RU, Hiriart M, García-Vargas G, Bassol S, Sordo M, Gandolfi AJ, Klimecki WT, López-Carillo L, Cebrián ME, Ostrosky-Wegman P. Arsenic exposure and calpain-10 polymorphisms impair the function of pancreatic beta-cells in humans: a pilot study of risk factors for T2DM. PLoS One 2013; 8:e51642. [PMID: 23349674 PMCID: PMC3551951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing worldwide and diverse environmental and genetic risk factors are well recognized. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the calpain-10 gene (CAPN-10), which encodes a protein involved in the secretion and action of insulin, and chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) through drinking water have been independently associated with an increase in the risk for T2DM. In the present work we evaluated if CAPN-10 SNPs and iAs exposure jointly contribute to the outcome of T2DM. Insulin secretion (beta-cell function) and insulin sensitivity were evaluated indirectly through validated indexes (HOMA2) in subjects with and without T2DM who have been exposed to a gradient of iAs in their drinking water in northern Mexico. The results were analyzed taking into account the presence of the risk factor SNPs SNP-43 and -44 in CAPN-10. Subjects with T2DM had significantly lower beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity. An inverse association was found between beta-cell function and iAs exposure, the association being more pronounced in subjects with T2DM. Subjects without T2DM who were carriers of the at-risk genotype SNP-43 or -44, also had significantly lower beta-cell function. The association of SNP-43 with beta-cell function was dependent on iAs exposure, age, gender and BMI, whereas the association with SNP-44 was independent of all of these factors. Chronic exposure to iAs seems to be a risk factor for T2DM in humans through the reduction of beta-cell function, with an enhanced effect seen in the presence of the at-risk genotype of SNP-43 in CAPN-10. Carriers of CAPN-10 SNP-44 have also shown reduced beta-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departmento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Cruz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Arturo Cebrián
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
| | - Raúl U. Hernández-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- División de Neurociencias, Departamento de Neurodesarrollo y Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gonzálo García-Vargas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
| | - Susana Bassol
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Sordo
- Departmento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A. Jay Gandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Walter T. Klimecki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lizbeth López-Carillo
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Mariano E. Cebrián
- Sección Externa de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departmento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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Buraczynska M, Wacinski P, Stec A, Kuczmaszewska A. Calpain-10 gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes and its micro- and macrovascular complications. J Diabetes Complications 2013; 27:54-8. [PMID: 23021796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations in the calpain 10 gene (CAPN10) were previously implicated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We studied the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CAPN10 gene, SNP -43, SNP -19 and SNP -63, with T2DM and its complications. Overall, we examined 1440 individuals: 880 patients with diabetes and 560 healthy subjects, all Caucasians of Polish origin. All subjects were genotyped for the CAPN10 SNPs by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The frequencies of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes at three studied loci were similar between the groups. However, the -43 SNP was significantly more frequent in T2DM patients with coexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) than in patients without CVD (p=0.001). The -43 SNP was still significantly associated with the risk of CVD after adjusting for potential risk factors including male gender, age, BMI, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The odds ratio for G allele for CVD+ versus CVD- patients was 1.89, 95% CI 1.52-2.35. None of the studied SNPs was significantly associated with microvascular diabetic complications. There was a tendency to increased frequency of SNP -43 1/1 homozygotes in patients with diabetic retinopathy (p=0.057). The homozygous haplotype combination 121/121 was more frequent in T2DM patients than in non-diabetic controls (18.4% vs 10.5%, p=0.019). In conclusion, the results of our study suggest the significant association of SNP -43 with the risk of CVD coexisting with T2DM. We also observed that 121/121 haplotype was associated with T2DM in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Buraczynska
- Laboratory for DNA Analysis and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Dr K. Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
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Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) variations associated with earlier age-onset of type 2 diabetes in Thai patients. J Genet 2012; 91:251-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-012-0176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Huang M, Xiao J, Zhao X, Liu C, Chen Q. Four polymorphisms of the CAPN 10 gene and their relationship to polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012; 76:431-8. [PMID: 21906115 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between CAPN 10 gene polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) susceptibility. DESIGN Meta-analysis of published case-control studies of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CAPN 10 and PCOS susceptibility. PATIENTS Women with PCOS. MEASUREMENTS Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for heterozygous, homozygous, dominant model, recessive model and allele. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were involved in the meta-analysis. UCSNP-63 was significantly associated with PCOS, with homozygous carriers (TT vs CC: OR = 0·64; 95% CI: 0·45-0·90) and recessive model (TT vs CC and CT: OR = 0·64; 95% CI: 0·45-0·90) being protective factors. In addition, UCSNP-19 was significantly associated with PCOS, with recessive model (ins/ins vs del/del and del/ins: OR = 0·72, 95% CI: 0·59-0·88) and insert allele (ins vs del: OR = 0·85, 95% CI: 0·76-0·96) being protective factors, while heterozygous carriers (del/ins vs del/del: OR = 1·56, 95% CI: 1·24-1·94) and deletion allele (del vs ins: OR = 1·18, 95% CI: 1·04-1·32) being risk factors. However, no significant associations were found between UCSNP-44, -43 and PCOS. Moreover, the results of the Rotterdam criteria subgroup analysis were similar with that of overall analysis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on the association between CAPN 10 UCSNP-63 and PCOS in genotype, with homozygous carriers and recessive model being protective factors. Additionally, insert allele and recessive model of UCSNP-19 are protective factors, while deletion allele and heterozygous genotype are risk factors for PCOS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoling Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University and Guangdong Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Dasgupta S, Sirisha PVS, Neelaveni K, Anuradha K, Reddy BM. Association of CAPN10 SNPs and haplotypes with polycystic ovary syndrome among South Indian Women. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32192. [PMID: 22384174 PMCID: PMC3285666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is known to be characterized by metabolic disorder in which hyperinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance are central features. Given the physiological overlap between PCOS and type-2 diabetes (T2DM), and calpain 10 gene (CAPN10) being a strong candidate for T2DM, a number of studies have analyzed CAPN10 SNPs among PCOS women yielding contradictory results. Our study is first of its kind to investigate the association pattern of CAPN10 polymorphisms (UCSNP-44, 43, 56, 19 and 63) with PCOS among Indian women. 250 PCOS cases and 299 controls from Southern India were recruited for this study. Allele and genotype frequencies of the SNPs were determined and compared between the cases and controls. Results show significant association of UCSNP-44 genotype CC with PCOS (p = 0.007) with highly significant odds ratio when compared to TC (OR = 2.51, p = 0.003, 95% CI = 1.37–4.61) as well as TT (OR = 1.94, p = 0.016, 95% CI = 1.13–3.34). While the haplotype carrying the SNP-44 and SNP-19 variants (21121) exhibited a 2 fold increase in the risk for PCOS (OR = 2.37, p = 0.03), the haplotype containing SNP-56 and SNP-19 variants (11221) seems to have a protective role against PCOS (OR = 0.20, p = 0.004). Our results support the earlier evidence for a possible role of UCSNP-44 of the CAPN10 gene in the manifestation of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Dasgupta
- Molecular Anthropology Group, Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pisapati V. S. Sirisha
- Molecular Anthropology Group, Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kudugunti Neelaveni
- Department of Endocrinology, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - B. Mohan Reddy
- Molecular Anthropology Group, Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex disorder that is affected by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Extensive efforts have been made to identify the disease-affecting genes to better understand the disease pathogenesis, find new targets for clinical therapy, and allow prediction of disease.
CONTENT
Our knowledge about the genes involved in disease pathogenesis has increased substantially in recent years, thanks to genomewide association studies and international collaborations joining efforts to collect the huge numbers of individuals needed to study complex diseases on a population level. We have summarized what we have learned so far about the genes that affect T2D risk and their functions. Although more than 40 loci associated with T2D or glycemic traits have been reported and reproduced, only a minor part of the genetic component of the disease has been explained, and the causative variants and affected genes are unknown for many of the loci.
SUMMARY
Great advances have recently occurred in our understanding of the genetics of T2D, but much remains to be learned about the disease etiology. The genetics of T2D has so far been driven by technology, and we now hope that next-generation sequencing will provide important information on rare variants with stronger effects. Even when variants are known, however, great effort will be required to discover how they affect disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tarunveer Singh Ahluwalia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Lin Y, Li P, Cai L, Zhang B, Tang X, Zhang X, Li Y, Xian Y, Yang Y, Wang L, Lu F, Liu X, Rao S, Chen M, Ma S, Shi Y, Bao M, Wu J, Yang Y, Yang J, Yang Z. Association study of genetic variants in eight genes/loci with type 2 diabetes in a Han Chinese population. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:97. [PMID: 20550665 PMCID: PMC2894791 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At least twenty genes/loci were shown to be associated with type 2diabetes in European original populations. Five of these genes were shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Chinese populations. The purpose of this study was to replicate the association of genetic vairants in the eight diabetes-related genes/loci with type 2 diabetes in a Han Chinese cohort from western part of China. Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the eight genes/loci including TCF7L2, HHEX, CDKAL1, SLC30A8, PPARG, IGF2BP2, KCNJ11, and CDKN2A/CDKN2B were genotyped in 1,529 cases and 1,439 controls in a Han Chinese population using the ABI SNaPshot method. The meta-analysis of the association between rs7903146 in TCF7L2 gene and T2D in the Han Chinese was performed. RESULTS Among the eight genes/loci examined, we found that four were significantly associated with T2D. Although previous studies showed that the association between the SNP rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 gene and T2D was controversial within the Han Chinese population, we have confirmed the significant association between the SNP rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 gene and T2D in both this study and the meta-analysis in the population. In addition, we also confirmed that three SNPs (rs1111875, rs7923837 and rs5015480) in HHEX , one SNP (rs10946398) in CDKAL1, and three SNPs (rs13266634, rs3802177 and rs11558471) in SLC30A8 were significantly associated with T2D in the population being studied. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the variants in TCF7L2, CDKAL1, HHEX, and SLC30A8 genes are associated with T2D in a Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- Center for Human Molecular Biology & Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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25
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Ezzidi I, Mtiraoui N, Nemr R, Kacem M, Al-Khateeb GM, Mahjoub T, Almawi WY. Variants within the calpain-10 gene and relationships with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and T2DM-related traits among Tunisian Arabs. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2010; 36:357-62. [PMID: 20570542 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common variations in the calpain 10 (CAPN10) gene variants UCSNP-43, UCSNP-19 and UCSNP-63, and the 112/121 diplotype, are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and T2DM-related traits. METHODS The association of UCSNP-43, -19 and -63 CAPN10 SNPs with T2DM was assessed in 917 Tunisian T2DM patients and 748 ethnically matched non-diabetic controls. CAPN10 genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS Significant differences in UCSNP-19 MAF, but not UCSNP-43 or -63, and genotype distribution were seen between patients and controls. Heterogeneity in UCSNP-19, but not UCSNP-43 and -63, genotype distribution was noted according to geographical origin. Obesity was associated with UCSNP-19, while raised fasting glucose was associated with UCSNP-63, and increased HDL was associated with UCSNP-43. Enrichment of homozygous UCSNP-19 2/2 was seen in overweight and obese compared with lean patients; logistic-regression analyses demonstrated a positive association of the 2/2 genotype with overweight [P=0.003; OR (95% CI)=2.07 (1.28-3.33)] and obese [P=0.021; OR (95% CI)=1.83 (1.10-3.07)] patients. Of the six CAPN10 haplotypes identified, significant enrichment of only haplotype 111 was seen in T2DM patients [Pc=0.034; OR (95% CI)=1.22 (1.06-1.41)], while the frequency of all identified CAPN10 diplotypes, including the high-risk 112/121, was comparable between patients and controls. CONCLUSION While CAPN10 UCSNP-19 SNP and haplotype 111 contribute to the risk of T2DM in Tunisian subjects, no significant association between CAPN10 diplotypes and T2DM was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ezzidi
- Research Unit of Biology and Genetics of Hematological and Auto-immune diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Ezzidi I, Turki A, Messaoudi S, Chaieb M, Kacem M, Al-Khateeb GM, Mahjoub T, Almawi WY, Mtiraoui N. Common polymorphisms of calpain-10 and the risk of Type 2 Diabetes in a Tunisian Arab population: a case-control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2010; 11:75. [PMID: 20470430 PMCID: PMC2885359 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Genetic variations in the calpain-10 gene (CAPN10), in particular the at-risk diplotype (112/121), were previously implicated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods We examined the association of CAPN10 UCSNP-43 (rs3792267), UCSNP-19 (rs3842570), and UCSNP-63 (rs5030952) SNPs with T2D in 917 Tunisian T2D patients and 748 non-diabetic controls. CAPN10 genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP. Results Enrichment of UCSNP-19 2R (minor) allele and 2R/2R genotype was found in T2D patients; the allele and genotype distribution of UCSNP-43 and UCSNP-63 alleles and genotypes were not significantly different between patient groups and non-diabetic control subjects. Regression analysis demonstrated progressive increases in T2D risk in 3R/2R [OR (95% CI) = 1.35 (1.08 - 1.68)] and 2R/2R [OR (95% CI) = 1.61 (1.20 - 2.18)] genotypes. Of the six haplotypes detected, enrichment of haplotype 111 (UCSNP-43/UCSNP-19/UCSNP-63) was seen in patients (Pc = 0.034); the distribution of the other haplotypes was comparable between patients and control subjects; neither haplotype 211 nor haplotype 212 was observed. Furthermore, the frequency of all CAPN10 diplotypes identified, including the "high-risk diplotype (112/121) reported for Mexican-Americans and Northern Europeans, were comparable between patients and controls. Conclusions CAPN10 UCSNP-19 variant, and the 111 haplotype contribute to the risk of T2D in Tunisian subjects; no significant associations between CAPN10 diplotypes and T2D were demonstrated for Tunisians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intissar Ezzidi
- Research Unit of Biology and Genetics of Hematological and Auto-immune diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
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Kurzawski M, Dziewanowski K, Kedzierska K, Gornik W, Banas A, Drozdzik M. Association of calpain-10 gene polymorphism and posttransplant diabetes mellitus in kidney transplant patients medicated with tacrolimus. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2010; 10:120-5. [PMID: 19752882 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2009.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New-onset, posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) has a high incidence after kidney transplantation in patients medicated with tacrolimus, and may adversely affect the patient and graft survival. The pathophysiology of PTDM closely mimics that of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One of possible genetic factors predisposing to PTDM might be polymorphism in calpain-10 gene (CAPN10), previously associated with increased risk of T2DM in general population. Therefore, the present study was aimed at evaluation of CAPN10 gene polymorphisms in PTDM in kidney transplant patients medicated with tacrolimus. A total of 214 nondiabetic kidney transplant patients medicated with tacrolimus (56 patients with PTDM and 158 patients without PTDM were genotyped for the presence of CAPN10 gene variants (SNP-43: rs3792267:G>A, SNP-19: rs3842570 ins/del and SNP-63: rs5030952:C>T) using PCR-based assays. Frequency of SNP-63 minor allele was slightly increased in PTDM patients (P=0.056), and an association of SNP-63 heterozygosity and the risk of PTDM (odds ratios (OR)=2.45, P=0.023) was observed. An increased odds for PTDM development in patients carrying 1-1-2 haplotype (rs3792267:G-rs3842570:ins-rs5030952:T) compared to noncarriers was also noted (OR=2.35, P=0.026). Patients' higher body mass index and SNP-63 minor T allele carrier status were identified as independent PTDM risk factors, confirmed by multivariate regression analysis. This is the first study of CAPN10 polymorphism in relation to PTDM risk. However, the application of SNP-63 (rs5030952:C>T) as a marker of PTDM should be verified by further independent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kurzawski
- Department of Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Johnson JD, Otani K, Bell GI, Polonsky KS. Impaired insulin secretion in transgenic mice over-expressing calpastatin in pancreatic β-cells. Islets 2009; 1:242-8. [PMID: 21099278 PMCID: PMC3044710 DOI: 10.4161/isl.1.3.9780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains are a family of calcium-activated proteases involved in a number of cellular functions including cell death, proliferation and exocytosis. The finding that variation in the calpain-10 gene increases type 2 diabetes risk in some populations has increased interest in determining the potential role of calpains in pancreatic β-cell function. In the present study, transgenic mice (Cast (RIP)) expressing an endogenous calpain inhibitor, calpastatin, in pancreatic β-cells were used to dissect the role of the calpain system in the regulation insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro. Glucose concentrations after the administration of intraperitoneal glucose were significantly increased in Cast (RIP) mice compared with wildtype littermate controls. This was associated with a reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo. Using pancreas perfusion, static islet incubation and islet perifusion, it was demonstrated that Cast (RIP) islets hypersecreted insulin at low glucose, but exhibited significantly impaired insulin responses to high glucose. Examination of insulin release and calcium signals from isolated islets indicated that distal components of the insulin exocytotic pathway were abnormal in Cast (RIP) mice. Cast (RIP) islets had modestly reduced expression of Rab3a and other critical components in the late steps of insulin exocytosis. These studies provide the first evidence that blocking endogenous calpain activity partially impairs insulin release in vivo and in vitro by targeting distal components of the insulin exocytotic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences; Department of Surgery; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, Canada
- Correspondence to: James D. Johnson and Kenneth S. Polonsky
| | - Kenichi Otani
- Department of Internal Medicine; Washington University; St. Louis; MO USA
| | - Graeme I. Bell
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics; The University of Chicago; Chicago; IL USA
| | - Kenneth S. Polonsky
- Department of Internal Medicine; Washington University; St. Louis; MO USA
- Correspondence to: James D. Johnson and Kenneth S. Polonsky
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease that is caused by insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes has an evident genetic component and represents a polygenic disease. During the last decade, considerable progress was made in the identification of type 2 diabetes risk genes. This was crucially influenced by the development of affordable high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays that prompted several successful genome-wide association scans in large case-control cohorts. Subsequent to the identification of type 2 diabetes risk SNPs, cohorts thoroughly phenotyped for prediabetic traits with elaborate in vivo methods allowed an initial characterization of the pathomechanisms of these SNPs. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood, a surprising result of these pathomechanistic investigations was that most of the risk SNPs affect beta-cell function. This favors a beta-cell-centric view on the genetics of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the type 2 diabetes risk genes and their variants' pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Staiger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Trümpler A, Schlott B, Herrlich P, Greer PA, Böhmer FD. Calpain-mediated degradation of reversibly oxidized protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B. FEBS J 2009; 276:5622-33. [PMID: 19712109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are regulated by reversible inactivating oxidation of the catalytic-site cysteine. We have previously shown that reversible oxidation upon UVA irradiation is followed by calpain-mediated PTP degradation. Here, we address the mechanism of regulated cleavage and the physiological function of PTP degradation. Reversible oxidation of PTP1B in vitro strongly facilitated the association with calpain and led to greatly increased calpain-dependent inactivating cleavage. Both oxidation-induced association and cleavage depended exclusively on the presence of the catalytic (reversibly oxidized) cysteine residue 215. A major cleavage site was identified preceding amino acid position Ala77. In calpain-deficient cells, insulin signaling was apparently diminished, consistent with a possible role for calpain in removing a negative regulator of insulin signaling. Reversibly oxidized PTP1B may be a target of calpain in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Trümpler
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Janssens ACJW, Moonesinghe R, Yang Q, Steyerberg EW, van Duijn CM, Khoury MJ. The impact of genotype frequencies on the clinical validity of genomic profiling for predicting common chronic diseases. Genet Med 2009; 9:528-35. [PMID: 17700391 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e31812eece0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Single genetic variants in multifactorial disorders typically have small effects, so major increases in disease risk are expected only from the simultaneous exposure to multiple risk genotypes. We investigated the impact of genotype frequencies on the clinical discriminative accuracy for the simultaneous testing of 40 independent susceptibility genetic variants. METHODS In separate simulation scenarios, we varied the genotype frequency from 1% to 50% and the odds ratio for each genetic variant from 1.1 to 2.0. Population size was 1 million and the population disease risk was 10%. Discriminative accuracy was quantified as the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. Using an example of genomic profiling for type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve when the odds ratios and genotype frequencies varied between five postulated genetic variants. RESULTS When the genotype frequency was 1%, none of the subjects carried more than six of 40 risk genotypes, and when risk genotypes were frequent (> or =30%), all carried at least six. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve did not increase above 0.70 when the odds ratios were modest (1.1 or 1.25), but higher genotype frequency increased the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve from 0.57 to 0.82 and from 0.63 to 0.93 when odds ratios were 1.5 or 2.0. The example of type 2 diabetes showed that the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve did not change when differences in the odds ratios were ignored. CONCLUSIONS Given that the effects of susceptibility genes in complex diseases are small, the feasibility of future genomic profiling for predicting common diseases will depend substantially on the frequencies of the risk genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cecile J W Janssens
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyue Ding
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Iftikhar J. Kullo
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
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Yilmaz M, Yurtçu E, Demirci H, Ergün MA, Ersoy R, Karakoç A, Yetkin I, Cakir N, Ayvaz G, Arslan M. Calpain 10 gene single-nucleotide 44 polymorphism may have an influence on clinical and metabolic features in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:13-7. [PMID: 19337008 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed in order to examine the relationship between Calpain 10 [single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 19,43,44,63] gene polymorphisms and clinical and hormonal characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and seven patients with PCOS and 114 healthy subjects were included in this study. Serum levels of sex steroids were measured for each individual. Insulin resistance (IR) was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) methods. Insulin and glucose responses to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were analyzed by calculating the areas under the curve for insulin (AUCI) and glucose by the trapezoidal methods.We used PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism technique to examine Calpain 10 SNP 19, 43, 44, and 63 polymorphisms. RESULTS Allele distribution of Calpain 10 SNP 44 gene polymorphism was observed as significantly different between the groups. Calpain 10 SNP 44 TC genotype was found to be increased in PCOS subjects (69.15%) compared to the control subjects (50%). However, when compared to control subjects, patients with PCOS had similar Calpain 10 SNP 19, Calpain 10 SNP 43, and SNP 63 gene polymorphisms. When compared with normal Calpain 10 gene SNP 44 allele in PCOS subjects, subjects with PCOS having Calpain 10 gene SNP 44 allele polymorphism had higher free testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA-S, and fasting insulin levels. Also, PCOS women with Calpain 10 gene SNP 44 allele polymorphism had high Ferriman-Gallwey (F-G) score, acne, prevalence of menstrual disturbances, waist-hip ratio, HOMA-IR, AUCI levels and low QUICKI levels. CONCLUSION The findings show that Calpain 10 gene SNP 44 allele polymorphism may have a role in PCOS pathogenesis. However, larger-scale studies are needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yilmaz
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey.
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Sjögren M, Lyssenko V, Jonsson A, Berglund G, Nilsson P, Groop L, Orho-Melander M. The search for putative unifying genetic factors for components of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetologia 2008; 51:2242-51. [PMID: 18853134 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of factors contributing to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes but unifying mechanisms have not been identified. Our aim was to study whether common variations in 17 genes previously associated with type 2 diabetes or components of the metabolic syndrome and variants in nine genes with inconsistent association with at least two components of the metabolic syndrome would also predict future development of components of the metabolic syndrome, individually or in combination. METHODS Genetic variants were studied in a large prospective study of 16,143 non-diabetic individuals (mean follow-up time 23 years) from the Malmö Preventive Project. In this study, development of at least three of obesity (BMI >or= 30 kg/m(2)), dyslipidaemia (triacylglycerol >or= 1.7 mmol/l and/or lipid-lowering treatment), hypertension (blood pressure >or= 140/90 mmHg and/or antihypertensive medication) and hyperglycaemia (fasting plasma glucose >or= 5.6 mmol/l and/or known diabetes) was defined as development of the metabolic syndrome. The risk of developing at least three components of the metabolic syndrome or the individual components was calculated by logistic regression adjusted for age at baseline, follow-up time and sex. RESULTS Polymorphisms in TCF7L2 (rs7903146, OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04-1.17, p = 0.00097), FTO (rs9939609, OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14, p = 0.0065), WFS1 (rs10010131, OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.13, p = 0.0078) and IGF2BP2 (rs4402960, OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.13, p = 0.021) predicted the development of at least three components of the metabolic syndrome in both univariate and multivariate analysis; in the case of TCF7L2, WFS1 and IGF2BP this was due to their association with hyperglycaemia (p < 0.00001, p = 0.0033 and p = 0.027, respectively) and for FTO it was due to its association with obesity (p = 0.004). A polymorphism in the GCKR gene predicted dyslipidaemia (rs1260326, OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.09-1.22, p < 0.00001) but not the metabolic syndrome. None of the studied polymorphisms was associated with more than two components of the metabolic syndrome. A composite genotype score of the 17 polymorphisms associated with type 2 diabetes predicted the development of at least three components of the metabolic syndrome (OR 1.04, p < 0.00001) and the development of hyperglycaemia (OR 1.06, p < 0.00001). Carriers of >or=19 risk alleles had 51 and 72% increased risk of developing at least three components of the metabolic syndrome and hyperglycaemia, respectively, compared with carriers of <or=12 risk alleles (p < 0.00001 for both). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Polymorphisms in susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes (TCF7L2, WFS1, IGF2BP2) and obesity (FTO) predispose to the metabolic syndrome by increasing the risk of one specific component of the metabolic syndrome. The findings argue against a unifying genetic component for the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sjögren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, CRC house 91, Malmö, Sweden.
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Abstract
CONTEXT Over the last few months, genome-wide association studies have contributed significantly to our understanding of the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes. If and how this information will impact clinical practice is not yet clear. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Primary papers reporting genome-wide association studies in type 2 diabetes or establishing a reproducible association for specific candidate genes were compiled. Further information was obtained from background articles, authoritative reviews, and relevant meeting conferences and abstracts. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS As many as 17 genetic loci have been convincingly associated with type 2 diabetes; 14 of these were not previously known, and most of them were unsuspected. The associated polymorphisms are common in populations of European descent but have modest effects on risk. These loci highlight new areas for biological exploration and allow the initiation of experiments designed to develop prediction models and test possible pharmacogenetic and other applications. CONCLUSIONS Although substantial progress in our knowledge of the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes is taking place, these new discoveries represent but a small proportion of the genetic variation underlying the susceptibility to this disorder. Major work is still required to identify the causal variants, test their role in disease prediction and ascertain their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Florez
- Simches Research Building-CPZN 5.250, 185 Cambridge Street, Diabetes Unit/Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Gaulton KJ, Willer CJ, Li Y, Scott LJ, Conneely KN, Jackson AU, Duren WL, Chines PS, Narisu N, Bonnycastle LL, Luo J, Tong M, Sprau AG, Pugh EW, Doheny KF, Valle TT, Abecasis GR, Tuomilehto J, Bergman RN, Collins FS, Boehnke M, Mohlke KL. Comprehensive association study of type 2 diabetes and related quantitative traits with 222 candidate genes. Diabetes 2008; 57:3136-44. [PMID: 18678618 PMCID: PMC2570412 DOI: 10.2337/db07-1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes is a common complex disorder with environmental and genetic components. We used a candidate gene-based approach to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants in 222 candidate genes that influence susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a case-control study of 1,161 type 2 diabetic subjects and 1,174 control Finns who are normal glucose tolerant, we genotyped 3,531 tagSNPs and annotation-based SNPs and imputed an additional 7,498 SNPs, providing 99.9% coverage of common HapMap variants in the 222 candidate genes. Selected SNPs were genotyped in an additional 1,211 type 2 diabetic case subjects and 1,259 control subjects who are normal glucose tolerant, also from Finland. RESULTS Using SNP- and gene-based analysis methods, we replicated previously reported SNP-type 2 diabetes associations in PPARG, KCNJ11, and SLC2A2; identified significant SNPs in genes with previously reported associations (ENPP1 [rs2021966, P = 0.00026] and NRF1 [rs1882095, P = 0.00096]); and implicated novel genes, including RAPGEF1 (rs4740283, P = 0.00013) and TP53 (rs1042522, Arg72Pro, P = 0.00086), in type 2 diabetes susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides an effective gene-based approach to association study design and analysis. One or more of the newly implicated genes may contribute to type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Analysis of additional samples will be necessary to determine their effect on susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Gaulton
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Sáez ME, González-Sánchez JL, Ramírez-Lorca R, Martínez-Larrad MT, Zabena C, González A, Morón FJ, Ruiz A, Serrano-Ríos M. The CAPN10 gene is associated with insulin resistance phenotypes in the Spanish population. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2953. [PMID: 18698425 PMCID: PMC2495037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world. Familial aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors is a frequent finding, but genetic factors affecting its presentation are still poorly understood. The calpain 10 gene (CAPN10) has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a complex metabolic disorder with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, the CAPN10 gene has been associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in T2DM and in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this work, we have analysed whether the polymorphisms UCSNP44, -43, -19 and -63 are related to several cardiovascular risk factors in the context of MS. Molecular analysis of CAPN10 gene was performed in 899 individuals randomly chosen from a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological survey. We have found that CAPN10 gene in our population is mainly associated with two indicators of the presence of insulin resistance: glucose levels two hours after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HOMA values, although cholesterol levels and blood pressure values are also influenced by CAPN10 variants. In addition, the 1221/1121 haplogenotype is under-represented in individuals that fulfil the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) diagnostic criteria for MS. Our results suggest that CAPN10 gene is associated with insulin resistance phenotypes in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Sáez
- Neocodex, Departamento de Genómica Estructural, Seville, Spain.
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The genetics of gestational diabetes mellitus: evidence for relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genet Med 2008; 10:240-50. [PMID: 18414206 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e31816b8710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes is a major public health problem because of its prevalence, its associated complications during pregnancy, and its increased risk for type 2 diabetes later in life. Insulin resistance is one of many physiological changes occurring during pregnancy, and when insulin resistance is accompanied by pancreatic beta-cell insufficiency, gestational diabetes may develop. Several lines of evidence suggest that gestational diabetes shares a common etiology with type 2 diabetes and support the hypothesis that gestational diabetes serves as a window to reveal a predisposition to type 2 diabetes. Pregnancy is an environmental stressor that may catalyze the progression to a diabetic state in genetically predisposed women; therefore, identification of these women during pregnancy could decrease the occurrence of type 2 diabetes through targeted prevention. This review presents an overview of the genetics of gestational diabetes, focusing on human association studies with candidate genes common to both type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes.
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Demirci H, Yurtcu E, Ergun MA, Yazici AC, Karasu C, Yetkin I. Calpain 10 SNP-44 Gene Polymorphism Affects Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic-Related Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 12:305-9. [DOI: 10.1089/gte.2007.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Demirci
- Department of Endocrinology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Yurtcu
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Ergun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Canan Yazici
- Department of Biostatistics, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cimen Karasu
- Department of Pharmacology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Yetkin
- Department of Endocrinology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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McAteer JB, Prudente S, Bacci S, Lyon HN, Hirschhorn JN, Trischitta V, Florez JC. The ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes in European populations: evidence from an updated meta-analysis in 42,042 subjects. Diabetes 2008; 57:1125-30. [PMID: 18071025 DOI: 10.2337/db07-1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional studies suggest that the nonsynonymous K121Q polymorphism in the ectoenzyme nucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) may confer susceptibility to insulin resistance; genetic evidence on its effect on type 2 diabetes, however, has been conflicting. We therefore conducted a new meta-analysis that includes novel unpublished data from the ENPP1 Consortium and recent negative findings from large association studies to address the contribution of K121Q to type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After a systematic review of the literature, we evaluated the effect of ENPP1 K121Q on diabetes risk under three genetic models using a random-effects approach. Our primary analysis consisted of 30 studies comprising 15,801 case and 26,241 control subjects. Due to considerable heterogeneity and large differences in allele frequencies across populations, we limited our meta-analysis to those of self-reported European descent and, when available, included BMI as a covariate. RESULTS We found a modest increase in risk of type 2 diabetes for QQ homozygotes in white populations (combined odds ratio [OR] 1.38 [95% CI 1.10-1.74], P = 0.005). There was no evidence of publication bias, but we noted significant residual heterogeneity among studies (P = 0.02). On meta-regression, 16% of the effect was accounted for by the mean BMI of control subjects. This association was stronger in studies in which control subjects were leaner but disappeared after adjustment for mean control BMI (combined OR 0.93 [95% CI 0.75-1.15], P = 0.50). CONCLUSIONS The ENPP1 Q121 variant increases risk of type 2 diabetes under a recessive model of inheritance in whites, an effect that appears to be modulated by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred B McAteer
- Diabetes Unit/Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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41
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Abstract
After two decades of limited success, the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is finally being revealed. Within only 2 years, an avalanche of studies identified several genes expressed in pancreatic beta cells and involved in the control of insulin secretion, such as transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), a key element of the Wnt signaling pathway. In Europeans, genome-wide association scans showed that TCF7L2 has been the most important locus predisposing to T2D so far. For the first time, a gene is consistently involved in T2D susceptibility in all major ethnic groups. At the individual level, carrying the TCF7L2 risk allele increases T2D risk 50%. However, at the population level, the attributable risk is lower than 25% and varies with the allele frequency. The presence of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 risk allele increases TCF7L2 gene expression in beta cells, possibly impairing glucagon-like peptide-1-induced insulin secretion and/or the production of new mature beta cells. The tremendous association of TCF7L2 polymorphisms with T2D provides new insights into future genetic predisposition tests but remains the tip of the T2D genetic iceberg.
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42
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Ridderstråle M, Nilsson E. Type 2 diabetes candidate gene CAPN10: First, but not last. Curr Hypertens Rep 2008; 10:19-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-008-0006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Moore AF, Florez JC. Genetic Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes and Implications for Antidiabetic Therapy. Annu Rev Med 2008; 59:95-111. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.med.59.090706.135315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allan F. Moore
- Diabetes Unit (Department of Medicine) and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; the Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Diabetes Unit (Department of Medicine) and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; the Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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44
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Thompson A, Drenos F, Hafez H, Humphries S. Candidate Gene Association Studies in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Disease: A Review and Meta-Analysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2008; 35:19-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are recognized as conditions of growing biomedical importance to societies worldwide. Despite this, lack of understanding concerning the processes which normally serve to maintain weight and to regulate glucose concentrations, and ignorance about the mechanisms by which these homeostatic processes fail, remains a significant obstacle to the development of improved tools for management and prevention. There has been a long-standing belief that the identification of the specific genes influencing development of these conditions has the potential to reveal these fundamental processes, thereby providing vital clues to support clinical advances. Furthermore, there has been the hope that this information will translate into the capacity to deliver more 'personalized' medical care, whereby management can be tailored in accordance with an appreciation of individual molecular pathogenesis. As this review indicates, these developments are already a reality for selected monogenic forms of diabetes and obesity. Recent advances in the identification of genes underlying multifactorial forms of these conditions will accelerate efforts to effect similar clinical translation across the full spectrum of disease.
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46
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Abstract
Definition of the phenotype is crucial in designing any genetic study, especially an association study, intended to detect the disease predisposing genes. In this chapter, we review the different types of phenotypes such as discrete or continuous and discuss the issues impacting on the phenotype definition related to study design, specifically, the impact of diagnostic error (misclassification) in case-control studies and measurement error in continuous traits. We show that the power of a study depends heavily on the phenotype measured and that misclassification or measurement error can dramatically reduce the power. We also suggest some possible responses to these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Wojczynski
- Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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47
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Variations in the calpain-10 gene are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in northern Han Chinese population. Chin Med J (Engl) 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200712020-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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48
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Taylor CY, Guillén IA, Nazabal M, Fernández JR, Silva JA. Electrophoretic techniques applied to the detection and analysis of the human microsatellite DG10s478. J Biomol Tech 2007; 18:298-305. [PMID: 18166673 PMCID: PMC2392994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Short nucleotide repetitions (STRs) are commonly used as genetic markers; thus their detection and analysis constitutes a very important tool for the mapping of genetic diseases, as well as for gathering information about genetic polymorphisms at the population level. STRs can be detected with agarose- or acrylamide-based electrophoretic techniques, followed by visualization of the DNA sample with ethidium bromide, silver nitrate, or fluorophore labeling. In this work, we analyzed genomic DNA from five individuals affected with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and five controls (unaffected individuals) in order to know the most precise and reproducible technique for the analysis of the existing polymorphism in the STR DG10S478 of the TCF7L2 gene. The combination of PCR with labeling of the products with the CY5 fluorophore, followed by detection on an ALFexpress sequencer, offered the required resolution to detect the variability in this STR, based solely on size analysis. Our methodology offers similar accuracy and reproducibility at lower costs than existing methods based on the sequencing of PCR products, and is a faster alternative when applied to genotyping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel A. Guillén
- Isabel A. Guillén and Marcelo Nazabal, Genomics and Diagnostic Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, 10600, Havana, Cuba (
. cu and
)
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49
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The activity of calpains in lymphocytes is glucose-dependent and is decreased in diabetic patients. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2007; 40:414-9. [PMID: 17964829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are nonlysosomal calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that participate in insulin secretion and action. Polymorphisms in the calpain-10 gene have been shown to increase the risk for type 2 diabetes. Since white blood cells have been used to study glucose homeostasis, the present study was carried to find out if calpains have different activity and/or expression in accessible cells such as lymphocytes of individuals with or without type 2 diabetes. Fasting blood glucose concentration was significantly higher in diabetic subjects, whereas the difference in the activity of calpains evaluated in basal and stimulating extracellular glucose concentration was significantly higher in the lymphocytes from the control group. The mRNA expression of calpain-10 was similar in the lymphocytes of both patients and controls. The protein blots showed four bands that ranged between 75 and 50 kDa; however, no statistical differences were observed in the expression of the calpain-10 isoforms between controls and patients. Data obtained showed that human lymphocytes express calpain-10 mRNA and protein, showing a similar expression between diabetic and control subjects, nevertheless in the diabetic group calpain activity was less glucose-sensitive.
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50
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Abstract
Transcription factor-7-like 2 (TCF7L2) is the most important type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene identified to date, with common intronic variants strongly associated with diabetes in all major racial groups. This ubiquitous transcription factor in the Wnt signaling pathway was not previously known to be involved in glucose homeostasis, so defining the underlying mechanism(s) will provide new insights into diabetes. In this issue of the JCI, Lyssenko and colleagues report on their human and isolated islet studies and suggest that the risk allele increases TCF7L2 expression in the pancreatic beta cell, reducing insulin secretion and hence predisposing the individual to diabetes (see the related article beginning on page 2155).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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