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Aubona G, Mezzomo P, Sedio BE, Staab M, Volf M. Neighbourhood effects on herbivory damage and chemical profiles in short-rotation coppice willows and their hybrids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 228:114249. [PMID: 39155032 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Short rotation coppices (SRCs) represent an important source of biomass. Since they are grown in various mixtures, SRCs represent an excellent opportunity for assessing the effects of local plant neighbourhoods on their performance. We used a common garden experiment consisting of plots that varied in genotype diversity of SRC willows to test for the effects of chemical traits of individual plants and chemical variation in the plots where they grew on insect herbivory. We also explored whether the composition of willows planted in a plot affected their chemistry. To do this, we performed untargeted metabolomics and quantified various chemical traits related to the total set of metabolites we detected, flavonoids, and salicinoids in four willow genotypes. We measured the leaf herbivory that the plants suffered. The genotypes differed in most chemical traits, yet we found only limited effects of individual traits on herbivory damage. Instead, herbivory damage was positively correlated with structural variation in salicinoids in a plot. When analysing the effects of plot chemical variation on herbivory damage separately for each genotype, we found both positive and negative correlations between the two, suggesting both associational resistance and susceptibility. Finally, we also observed a significant effect of the interaction between genotype and plot composition on structural variation in plant chemistry. Overall, our results suggest that high chemical variation in mixed willow SRCs does not necessarily lower the herbivory damage, possibly due to spillover effects of insect herbivores among genotypes. Our results also show that different genotypes respond differently to plot composition in terms of herbivory damage and chemical composition, which may affect their suitability for growing in mixed stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gibson Aubona
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Priscila Mezzomo
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Brian E Sedio
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama
| | - Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Volf
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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2
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Gianasi FM, de Andrade Maia V, Oliveira AM, Pompeu PV, de Souza CR, Farrapo CL, da Silva-Sene AM, de Oliveira F, Meireles TM, de Carvalho Rodrigues AL, Madeira DM, Araújo FC, Silva LCA, Ferreira LAS, Santos LR, Reis MG, Pereira RT, Souza TA, de Oliveira Alves Braga M, de Lima E Silva VFP, van Meerveld I, Dos Santos RM. Water level regime variation is a crucial driver for taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in seasonally flooded tropical forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175195. [PMID: 39094665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Floodplains contribute significantly to terrestrial ecosystem service provision but are also among the most vulnerable and degraded ecosystems worldwide. Heterogeneity in floodplain properties arises from variations in river-specific flood regimes, watershed characteristics, and valley morphology, influencing seasonally flooded forests' taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity. This study addresses persisting knowledge gaps in floodplain ecology, focusing on the seasonally dry tropics. We explore the relationships between flood regime, environmental conditions, vegetation composition, functional and phylogenetic diversity, and the impact of environmental variables on above-ground biomass (AGB) and ecological strategies. The study spans six rivers in southeastern Brazil's main river basins: Rio Grande and São Francisco. We identified five eco-units in each floodplain based on flooding regimes and surveyed six plots per eco-unit. We measured trees with DBH > 5 cm and collected functional traits, along with detailed soil, climate, and water level data. We calculated plot-level floristic composition, taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity, wood density, and AGB. Functional and phylogenetic dissimilarity were analyzed, and the effects of climate, soil, and hydrological variables were quantified using generalized linear mixed models. We show how flood frequency and duration affect floristic composition across the floodplains. Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity responded to climate, soil, and hydrological variables, while functional diversity responded primarily to hydrological variables, emphasizing the role of environmental filtering. Hydrological seasonality, soil fertility, and flood regime emerged as key factors shaping community structure and ecological strategies in the studied seasonally flooded tropical forests. Plot-level AGB responded to phosphorus but not to climate or hydrological variables. The study also highlights functional and phylogenetic dissimilarities among eco-units and basins, indicating potential climate change impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Moreira Gianasi
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Applied Botany, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius de Andrade Maia
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cléber Rodrigo de Souza
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Camila Laís Farrapo
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - André Maciel da Silva-Sene
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Applied Botany, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Applied Botany, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Magalhães Meireles
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Lívia de Carvalho Rodrigues
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Applied Botany, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Denise Moura Madeira
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe Carvalho Araújo
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Lidiany Carolina Arantes Silva
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Applied Botany, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Leony Aparecido Silva Ferreira
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Rodrigues Santos
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Miguel Gama Reis
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Applied Botany, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Tavares Pereira
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Almeida Souza
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Michael de Oliveira Alves Braga
- Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rubens Manoel Dos Santos
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Applied Botany, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil; Phytogeography and Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
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3
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Le H, Mao J, Cavender-Bares J, Pinto-Ledezma JN, Deng Y, Zhao C, Xiong G, Xu W, Xie Z. Non-native plants tend to be phylogenetically distant but functionally similar to native plants under intense disturbance at the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39262233 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Darwin's two opposing hypotheses, proposing that non-native species closely or distantly related to native species are more likely to succeed, are known as 'Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum'. Recently, invasion ecologists have sought to unravel these hypotheses. Studies that incorporate rich observational data in disturbed ecosystems that integrate phylogenetic and functional perspectives have potential to shed light on the conundrum. Using 313 invaded plant communities including 46 invasive plant species and 531 native plant species across the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China, we aim to evaluate the coexistence mechanisms of invasive and native plants by integrating phylogenetic and functional dimensions at spatial and temporal scales. Our findings revealed that invasive plants tended to co-occur more frequently with native plant species that were phylogenetically distant but functionally similar in the reservoir riparian zone. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that the filtering of flood-dry-flood cycles played a significant role in deepening functional similarities of native communities and invasive-native species over time. Our study highlights the contrasting effects of phylogenetic relatedness and functional similarity between invasive and native species in highly flood-disturbed habitats, providing new sights into Darwin's Naturalization Conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Le
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiangtao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jeannine Cavender-Bares
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Jesús N Pinto-Ledezma
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Changming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Gaoming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zongqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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Oliveira EVDS, Landim MF, Gouveia SF. Assembly structures of coastal woody species of eastern South America: Patterns and drivers. PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:611-620. [PMID: 39290883 PMCID: PMC11403147 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Tropical regions have provided new insights into how ecological communities are assembled. In dry coastal communities, water stress has been hypothesized to determine plant assembly structure by favoring preadapted lineages from neighboring ecosystems, consistent with functional clustering. However, it is unclear whether this hypothesis is sufficient to explain how coastal communities in tropical ecosystems are assembled. Here, we test whether water stress or other factors drive community assembly in woody plant communities across the coastal zone of Brazil, a tropical ecosystem. We characterized functional and phylogenetic structures of these communities and determined the underlying environmental factors (e.g., water stress, historical climate stability, edaphic constraints, and habitat heterogeneity) that drive their community assembly. Assemblages of coastal woody species show geographically varied patterns, including stochastic arrangements, clustering, and overdispersion of species relative to their traits and phylogenetic relatedness. Topographic complexity, water vapor pressure, and soil nutrient availability best explained the gradient in the functional structure. Water deficit, water vapor pressure, and soil organic carbon were the best predictors of variation in phylogenetic structure. Our results support the water-stress conservatism hypothesis on functional and phylogenetic structure, as well as the effect of habitat heterogeneity on functional structure and edaphic constraints on functional and phylogenetic structure. These effects are associated with increased phenotypic and phylogenetic divergence of woody plant assemblages, which is likely mediated by abiotic filtering and niche opportunities, suggesting a complex pattern of ecological assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Vinícius da Silva Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology Ecology, Evolution and Conservation of Biodiversity (INCT-EECBio), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Sidney F Gouveia
- National Institute of Science and Technology Ecology, Evolution and Conservation of Biodiversity (INCT-EECBio), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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5
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Miryeganeh M, Armitage DW. Epigenetic responses of trees to environmental stress in the context of climate change. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 39192567 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
In long-lived tree populations, when environmental change outpaces rates of evolutionary adaptation, plasticity in traits related to stress tolerance, dormancy, and dispersal may be vital for preventing extinction. While a population's genetic background partly determines its ability to adapt to a changing environment, so too do the many types of epigenetic modifications that occur within and among populations, which vary on timescales orders of magnitude faster than the emergence of new beneficial alleles. Consequently, phenotypic plasticity driven by epigenetic modification may be especially critical for sessile, long-lived organisms such as trees that must rely on this plasticity to keep pace with rapid anthropogenic environmental change. While studies have reported large effects of DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs on the expression of stress-tolerance genes and resulting phenotypic responses, little is known about the role of these effects in non-model plants and particularly in trees. Here, we review new findings in plant epigenetics with particular relevance to the ability of trees to adapt to or escape stressors associated with rapid climate change. Such findings include specific epigenetic influences over drought, heat, and salinity tolerance, as well as dormancy and dispersal traits. We also highlight promising findings concerning transgenerational inheritance of an epigenetic 'stress memory' in plants. As epigenetic information is becoming increasingly easy to obtain, we close by outlining ways in which ecologists can use epigenetic information better to inform population management and forecasting efforts. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind phenotypic plasticity and stress memory in tree species offers a promising path towards a mechanistic understanding of trees' responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Miryeganeh
- Integrative Community Ecology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - David W Armitage
- Integrative Community Ecology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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6
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Ibalim S, Toko PS, Segar ST, Sagata K, Koane B, Miller SE, Novotny V, Janda M. Phylogenetic structure of moth communities (Geometridae, Lepidoptera) along a complete rainforest elevational gradient in Papua New Guinea. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308698. [PMID: 39133743 PMCID: PMC11318904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
We use community phylogenetics to elucidate the community assembly mechanisms for Geometridae moths (Lepidoptera) collected along a complete rainforest elevational gradient (200-3700 m a.s.l) on Mount Wilhelm in Papua New Guinea. A constrained phylogeny based on COI barcodes for 604 species was used to analyse 1390 species x elevation occurrences at eight elevational sites separated by 500 m elevation increments. We obtained Nearest Relatedness Index (NRI), Nearest Taxon Index (NTI) and Standardised Effect Size of Faith's Phylogenetic Diversity (SES.PD) and regressed these on temperature, plant species richness and predator abundance as key abiotic and biotic predictors. We also quantified beta diversity in the moth communities between elevations using the Phylogenetic Sorensen index. Overall, geometrid communities exhibited phylogenetic clustering, suggesting environmental filters, particularly at higher elevations at and above 2200 m a.s.l and no evidence of overdispersion. NRI, NTI and SES.PD showed no consistent trends with elevation or the studied biotic and abiotic variables. Change in community structure was driven by turnover of phylogenetic beta-diversity, except for the highest 2700-3200 m elevations, which were characterised by nested subsets of lower elevation communities. Overall, the elevational signal of geometrid phylogeny was weak-moderate. Additional insect community phylogeny studies are needed to understand this pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sentiko Ibalim
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pagi S. Toko
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Simon T. Segar
- Department of Crop and Environment Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, United Kingdom
| | - Katayo Sagata
- PNG Institute of Biological Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Bonny Koane
- New Guinea Binatang Research Centre, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Scott E. Miller
- Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Janda
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Michoacán, México
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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7
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Figueroa-Ponce F, Hinojosa LF. Environmental Filters Structure Cushion Bogs' Floristic Composition along the Southern South American Latitudinal Gradient. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2202. [PMID: 39204637 PMCID: PMC11359879 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The environmental filtering hypothesis predicts that abiotic factors restrict communities by selecting species capable of survival and persistence under specific conditions, resulting in variations in beta diversity, phylogenetic clustering, and niche differentiation among communities when studying environmental gradients. Cushion bogs and high-altitude wetlands along the Andes display homogeneous flora contrasting with zonal vegetation. Despite being influenced by microclimatic conditions, these ecosystems are subject to diverse environmental effects. Here, we test the environmental filtering hypothesis on the structure of cushion bog communities along a broad-scale latitudinal gradient from 15° S to 42° S. We analyzed 421 bogs and 293 species across three macroclimatic regions with distinct summer, winter, and transitional arid rainfall regimes. Using variance partitioning and membership-based regionalization models, we examined the impacts of climatic, edaphic, and spatial variables on beta diversity. We also assessed species' niche overlap and the influence of environmental filters on the communities' phylogenetic diversity. Results show that species turnover and niche overlap vary with macroclimatic differences, delineating three distinct regions. Notably, phylogenetic clustering in the driest part of the gradient (23° S-24° S) highlights the impact of environmental filtering. Aridity and temperature variations at a broad scale serve as environmental filters shaping the composition of bog communities across southern South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Figueroa-Ponce
- Laboratory of Paleoecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Luis Felipe Hinojosa
- Laboratory of Paleoecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
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8
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Lemos-Costa P, Miller ZR, Allesina S. Phylogeny structures species' interactions in experimental ecological communities. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14490. [PMID: 39152685 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Species' traits and interactions are products of evolutionary history. Despite the long-standing hypothesis that closely related species possess similar traits, and thus experience stronger competition, measuring the effect of evolutionary history on the ecology of natural communities remains challenging. We propose a novel framework to test whether phylogeny influences patterns of coexistence and abundance of species assemblages. In our approach, phylogenetic trees are used to parameterize species' interactions, which in turn determine the abundance of species in a given assemblage. We use likelihoods to score models parameterized with a given phylogeny, and contrast them with models built using random trees, allowing us to test whether phylogenetic information helps to predict species' abundances. Our statistical framework reveals that interactions are indeed structured by phylogeny in a large set of experimental plant communities. Our results confirm that evolutionary history can help predict, and potentially manage or conserve, the structure and function of complex ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lemos-Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zachary R Miller
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stefano Allesina
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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9
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Ten Caten C, Dallas T. Latitudinal specificity of plant-avian frugivore interactions. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:958-969. [PMID: 38826033 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Broad-scale assessments of plant-frugivore interactions indicate the existence of a latitudinal gradient in interaction specialization. The specificity (i.e. the similarity of the interacting partners) of plant-frugivore interactions could also change latitudinally given that differences in resource availability could favour species to become more or less specific in their interactions across latitudes. Species occurring in the tropics could be more taxonomically, phylogenetically and functionally specific in their interactions because of a wide range of resources that are constantly available in these regions that would allow these species to become more specialized in their resource usage. We used a data set on plant-avian frugivore interactions spanning a wide latitudinal range to examine these predictions, and we evaluated the relationship between latitude and taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional specificity of plant and frugivore interactions. These relationships were assessed using data on population interactions (population level), species means (species level) and community means (community level). We found that the specificity of plant-frugivore interactions is generally not different from null models. Although statistically significant relationships were often observed between latitude and the specificity of plant-frugivore interactions, the direction of these relationships was variable and they also were generally weak and had low explanatory power. These results were consistent across the three specificity measures and levels of organization, suggesting that there might be an interplay between different mechanisms driving the interactions between plants and frugivores across latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber Ten Caten
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tad Dallas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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10
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Zheng C, Shi H, Wei J, Cui M, Lin Z, Gao Y, Yuan L, Wen Z. Evidence that spatial scale and environment factors explain grassland community assembly in woodland-grassland ecotones. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11644. [PMID: 38962022 PMCID: PMC11221066 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
How communities of living organisms assemble has long been a central question in ecology. The impact of habitat filtering and limiting similarity on plant community structures is well known, as both processes are influenced by individual responses to environmental fluctuations. Yet, the precise identifications and quantifications of the potential abiotic and biotic factors that shape community structures at a fine scale remains a challenge. Here, we applied null model approaches to assess the importance of habitat filtering and limiting similarity at two spatial scales. We used 63 natural vegetation plots, each measuring 5 × 5 m, with three nested subplots measuring 1 × 1 m, from the 2021 field survey, to examine the alpha diversity as well as beta diversity of plots and subplots. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to determine the impact of environmental variables on assembly rules. Our results demonstrate that habitat filtering is the dominant assembly rules at both the plot and subplot levels, although limiting similarity assumes stronger at the subplot level. Plot-level limiting similarity exhibited a positive association with fine-scale partitioning, suggesting that trait divergence originated from a combination of limiting similarity and spatial partitioning. Our findings also reveal that the community assembly varies more strongly with the mean annual temperature gradient than the mean annual precipitation. This investigation provides a pertinent illustration of non-random assembly rules from spatial scale and environmental factors in plant communities in the loess hilly region. It underscores the critical influence of spatial and environmental constraints in understanding the assembly of plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zheng
- College of Grassland AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haijing Shi
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- College of Grassland AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mengying Cui
- College of Grassland AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Lin
- College of Grassland AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Liuhuan Yuan
- College of Grassland AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhongming Wen
- College of Grassland AgricultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingShaanxiPeople's Republic of China
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11
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Weinstein BG, Marconi S, Zare A, Bohlman SA, Singh A, Graves SJ, Magee L, Johnson DJ, Record S, Rubio VE, Swenson NG, Townsend P, Veblen TT, Andrus RA, White EP. Individual canopy tree species maps for the National Ecological Observatory Network. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002700. [PMID: 39013163 PMCID: PMC11251727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The ecology of forest ecosystems depends on the composition of trees. Capturing fine-grained information on individual trees at broad scales provides a unique perspective on forest ecosystems, forest restoration, and responses to disturbance. Individual tree data at wide extents promises to increase the scale of forest analysis, biogeographic research, and ecosystem monitoring without losing details on individual species composition and abundance. Computer vision using deep neural networks can convert raw sensor data into predictions of individual canopy tree species through labeled data collected by field researchers. Using over 40,000 individual tree stems as training data, we create landscape-level species predictions for over 100 million individual trees across 24 sites in the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). Using hierarchical multi-temporal models fine-tuned for each geographic area, we produce open-source data available as 1 km2 shapefiles with individual tree species prediction, as well as crown location, crown area, and height of 81 canopy tree species. Site-specific models had an average performance of 79% accuracy covering an average of 6 species per site, ranging from 3 to 15 species per site. All predictions are openly archived and have been uploaded to Google Earth Engine to benefit the ecology community and overlay with other remote sensing assets. We outline the potential utility and limitations of these data in ecology and computer vision research, as well as strategies for improving predictions using targeted data sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben G. Weinstein
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sergio Marconi
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alina Zare
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A. Bohlman
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Aditya Singh
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Graves
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Lukas Magee
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Johnson
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sydne Record
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America
| | - Vanessa E. Rubio
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nathan G. Swenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Philip Townsend
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thomas T. Veblen
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Andrus
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
- School of Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ethan P. White
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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12
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Zhang Y, Worthy SJ, Xu S, He Y, Wang X, Song X, Cao M, Yang J. Phytochemical diversity and their adaptations to abiotic and biotic pressures in fine roots across a climatic gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172051. [PMID: 38565347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Phytochemicals and their ecological significance are long ignored in trait-based ecology. Moreover, the adaptations of phytochemicals produced by fine roots to abiotic and biotic pressures are less understood. Here, we explored the fine roots metabolomes of 315 tree species and their rhizosphere microbiome in southwestern China spanning tropical, subtropical, and subalpine forest ecosystems, to explore phytochemical diversity and endemism patterns of various metabolic pathways and phytochemical-microorganism interactions. We found that subalpine species showed higher phytochemical diversity but lower interspecific variation than tropical species, which favors coping with high abiotic pressures. Tropical species harbored higher interspecific phytochemical variation and phytochemical endemism, which favors greater species coexistence and adaptation to complex biotic pressures. Moreover, there was evidence of widespread chemical niche partitioning of closely related species in all regions, and phytochemicals showed a weak phylogenetic signal, but were regulated by abiotic and biotic pressures. Our findings support the Latitudinal Biotic Interaction Hypothesis, i.e., the intensity of phytochemical-microorganism interactions decreases from tropical to subalpine regions, which promotes greater microbial community turnover and phytochemical niche partitioning of host plants in the tropics than in higher latitude forests. Our study reveals the convergent phytochemical diversity patterns of various pathways and their interactions with microorganism, thus promoting species coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China.
| | - Samantha J Worthy
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Shijia Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China; School of Ethnic Medicine, Key Lab of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education of China, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yunyun He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xuezhao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China.
| | - Min Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China.
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13
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Hendrickson B. Environmental determinants of phylogenetic diversity in vernal pool habitats. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11583. [PMID: 38919646 PMCID: PMC11196243 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic diversity offers critical insights into the ecological dynamics shaping species composition and ecosystem function, thereby informing conservation strategies. Despite its recognized importance in ecosystem management, the assessment of phylogenetic diversity in endangered habitats, such as vernal pools, remains limited. Vernal pools, characterized by cyclical inundation and unique plant communities, present an ideal system for investigating the interplay between ecological factors and phylogenetic structure. This study aims to characterize the phylogenetic patterns of vernal pools and their associated vegetation zones, addressing questions about taxonomic and phylogenetic community discreteness, the role of flooding as a habitat filter, the influence of invasive species on phylogenetic structure, and the impact of seasonal variation on phylogenetic diversity. I find that zones-of-vegetation exhibit high between zone taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity whereas each zone forms a unique cluster, suggesting that zones are taxonomically and phylogenetically discrete units. Regions of high-inundation pressure exhibit phylogenetic clustering, indicating that flooding is a habitat filter in vernal pool habitats. Competition between native species conform to the 'competitive relatedness hypothesis' and, conversely, communities dominated by invasive Eurasian grass species are phylogenetically clustered. In addition, I find that phylogenetic diversity within zones fluctuates across the spring season in response to changing water levels, precipitation, and temperature. By analyzing three pools within the Merced Vernal Pool and Grassland Reserve, this research elucidates the phylogenetic dynamics of vernal pools. The findings underscore the need for tailored conservation strategies that account for the unique ecological characteristics of each vegetation zone within vernal pool habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Hendrickson
- University of LouisianaLafayetteLouisianaUSA
- University of CaliforniaMercedCaliforniaUSA
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14
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Zhigila DA, Elliott TL, Schmiedel U, Muasya AM. Do phylogenetic community metrics reveal the South African quartz fields as terrestrial-habitat islands? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:833-850. [PMID: 38401154 PMCID: PMC11082514 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The quartz fields of the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) are arid and island-like special habitats, hosting ~142 habitat-specialized plant species, of which 81 % are local endemics, characterized by a rapid turnover of species between and among sites. We use several phylogenetic community metrics: (1) to examine species diversity and phylogenetic structure within and among quartz fields; (2) to investigate whether quartz field specialists are evolutionarily drawn from local species pools, whereas the alternative hypothesis posits that there is no significant evolutionary connection between quartz field specialists and the local species pools; and (3) to determine whether there is an association between certain traits and the presence of species in quartz fields. METHODS We sampled and developed dated phylogenies for six species-rich angiosperm families (Aizoaceae, Asteraceae, Crassulaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae and Santalaceae) represented in the quartz field floras of southern Africa. Specifically, we focused on the flora of three quartz field regions in South Africa (Knersvlakte, Little Karoo and Overberg) and their surrounding species pools to address our research questions by scoring traits associated with harsh environments. KEY RESULTS We found that the Overberg and Little Karoo had the highest level of species overlap for families Aizoaceae and Fabaceae, whereas the Knersvlakte and the Overberg had the highest species overlap for families Asteraceae, Crassulaceae and Santalaceae. Although our phylogenetic community structure and trait analyses showed no clear patterns, relatively low pairwise phylogenetic distances between specialists and their local species pools for Aizoaceae suggest that quartz species could be drawn evolutionarily from their surrounding areas. We also found that families Aizoaceae and Crassulaceae in Knersvlakte and Little Karoo were phylogenetically even. CONCLUSIONS Despite their proximity to one another within the GCFR, the studied areas differ in their species pools and the phylogenetic structure of their specialists. Our work provides further justification for increased conservation focus on these unique habitats under future scenarios of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Zhigila
- Department of Botany, Gombe State University, PMB 127, Tudun Wada, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
- Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tammy L Elliott
- Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ute Schmiedel
- Organismic Botany and Mycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Muthama Muasya
- Bolus Herbarium, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
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15
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Krasnov BR, Khokhlova IS, López Berrizbeitia MF, Matthee S, Sanchez JP, Shenbrot GI, van der Mescht L. Relationships between functional alpha and beta diversities of flea parasites and their small mammalian hosts. Parasitology 2024; 151:449-460. [PMID: 38433581 PMCID: PMC11043902 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
We studied the relationships between functional alpha and beta diversities of fleas and their small mammalian hosts in 4 biogeographic realms (the Afrotropics, the Nearctic, the Neotropics and the Palearctic), considering 3 components of alpha diversity (functional richness, divergence and regularity). We asked whether (a) flea alpha and beta diversities are driven by host alpha and beta diversities; (b) the variation in the off-host environment affects variation in flea alpha and beta diversities; and (c) the pattern of the relationship between flea and host alpha or beta diversities differs between geographic realms. We analysed alpha diversity using modified phylogenetic generalized least squares and beta diversity using modified phylogenetic generalized dissimilarity modelling. In all realms, flea functional richness and regularity increased with an increase in host functional richness and regularity, respectively, whereas flea functional divergence correlated positively with host functional divergence in the Nearctic only. Environmental effects on the components of flea alpha diversity were found only in the Holarctic realms. Host functional beta diversity was invariantly the best predictor of flea functional beta diversity in all realms, whereas the effects of environmental variables on flea functional beta diversity were much weaker and differed between realms. We conclude that flea functional diversity is mostly driven by host functional diversity, whereas the environmental effects on flea functional diversity vary (a) geographically and (b) between components of functional alpha diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris R. Krasnov
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Irina S. Khokhlova
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - M. Fernanda López Berrizbeitia
- Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina (PCMA) and Instituto de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina (PIDBA)-CCT CONICET Noa Sur (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, UNT, and Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Sonja Matthee
- Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Juliana P. Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires – CITNOBA (CONICET-UNNOBA), Ruta Provincial 32 Km 3.5, 2700 Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Georgy I. Shenbrot
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000 Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Luther van der Mescht
- Clinvet International (Pty) Ltd, Universitas, Uitsig Road, Bloemfontein 9338, South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Dr, Park West, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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16
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Padullés Cubino J, Lenoir J, Li D, Montaño-Centellas FA, Retana J, Baeten L, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Chudomelová M, Closset D, Decocq G, De Frenne P, Diekmann M, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Hédl R, Heinken T, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Macek M, Máliš F, Naaf T, Orczewska A, Petřík P, Pielech R, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Verheyen K, Vild O, Waller D, Wulf M, Chytrý M. Evaluating plant lineage losses and gains in temperate forest understories: a phylogenetic perspective on climate change and nitrogen deposition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2287-2299. [PMID: 38126264 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Global change has accelerated local species extinctions and colonizations, often resulting in losses and gains of evolutionary lineages with unique features. Do these losses and gains occur randomly across the phylogeny? We quantified: temporal changes in plant phylogenetic diversity (PD); and the phylogenetic relatedness (PR) of lost and gained species in 2672 semi-permanent vegetation plots in European temperate forest understories resurveyed over an average period of 40 yr. Controlling for differences in species richness, PD increased slightly over time and across plots. Moreover, lost species within plots exhibited a higher degree of PR than gained species. This implies that gained species originated from a more diverse set of evolutionary lineages than lost species. Certain lineages also lost and gained more species than expected by chance, with Ericaceae, Fabaceae, and Orchidaceae experiencing losses and Amaranthaceae, Cyperaceae, and Rosaceae showing gains. Species losses and gains displayed no significant phylogenetic signal in response to changes in macroclimatic conditions and nitrogen deposition. As anthropogenic global change intensifies, temperate forest understories experience losses and gains in specific phylogenetic branches and ecological strategies, while the overall mean PD remains relatively stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Padullés Cubino
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80037, France
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Flavia A Montaño-Centellas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Javier Retana
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, B-9090, Belgium
| | - Markus Bernhardt-Römermann
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Déborah Closset
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80037, France
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80037, France
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, B-9090, Belgium
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28334, Germany
| | - Thomas Dirnböck
- Environment Agency Austria, Ecosystem Research and Environmental Information Management, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Tomasz Durak
- Institute of Biology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, 35601, Poland
| | - Radim Hédl
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14469, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, 17230, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, 16521, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, 96001, Slovakia
- National Forest Centre, Zvolen, 96001, Slovakia
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, 15374, Germany
| | - Anna Orczewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, 40007, Poland
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, 30387, Poland
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, 50328, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Krzysztof Świerkosz
- Museum of Natural History, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, 50335, Poland
| | - Balázs Teleki
- HUN-REN-UD Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, B-9090, Belgium
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
| | - Donald Waller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, 15374, Germany
| | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
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17
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Mensah S, Dimobe K, Noulèkoun F, van der Plas F, Seifert T. Phylogenetic diversity and community wide-trait means offer different insights into mechanisms regulating aboveground carbon storage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167905. [PMID: 37858820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Both attributes of functional traits and phylogenetic diversity influence ecosystem functions, but which of these factors is most important is still poorly understood in natural systems. Using data from West African forests and tree savannas, we analyse how (i) phylogenetic diversity complements attributes of functional traits in explaining aboveground carbon (AGC); (ii) phylogenetic diversity relates with attributes of functional traits along gradients of phylogenetic signal; and (iii) pathways between phylogenetic diversity and attributes of functional traits relate AGC to soil and climate. Phylogenetic diversity was measured as standardised effect size of Mean Pairwise Distance (sesMPD) and Mean Nearest Taxon Distance (sesMNTD). Functional dispersion (FDis) and community weighted mean (CWM) were calculated for four traits related to leaf economics spectrum and plant life-history. Functional traits-based models explained 11 % of AGC variability. With two out of the four traits being phylogenetically conserved, incorporating phylogenetic diversity in the models increased the explained variance in AGC by 15 %. The slope of phylogenetic diversity-trait relationship was more responsive to trait conservatism for FDis than CWM. AGC was positively influenced by sesMPD and CWM of plant maximum height. In turn, CWM of plant maximum height increased with higher soil nitrogen and climate moisture, whereas sesMPD was negatively related with climate moisture. Although FDis was positively associated with sesMPD, it was not as important as sesMPD and CWM of plant maximum height in influencing and relating AGC to soil nitrogen and climate moisture. Our results suggest that phylogenetic diversity is important for AGC but does not fully reflect the functional mechanisms pertaining to community-wide trait means. The study also demonstrates the role of environment in regulating AGC, which operates through differences in community fitness driven by tall plant stature, and evolutionary processes whereby closely related species are maintained in less arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvanus Mensah
- Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Kangbéni Dimobe
- Département des Eaux, Forêts et Environnement, Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement et du Développement Rural, Université de Dédougou, BP 176 Dédougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Florent Noulèkoun
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anamro, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Seifert
- Chair of Forest Growth and Dendroecology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Department of Forest and Wood Science, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Matieland, South Africa
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18
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Allegrini C, Korine C, Krasnov BR. Climatic gradients and forest composition shape bat communities in Eastern Mediterranean pine plantations. Integr Zool 2024. [PMID: 38196112 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic factors can act as filters for determining the species composition of biological communities. We aimed to identify abiotic factors driving the assembly of bat communities in Eastern Mediterranean pine plantations along a north-south climatic gradient, as they are crucial forest habitats for the assessment and conservation of these communities. We expected that bat communities are predominantly shaped by environmental filtering. We conducted acoustic sampling in 35 pine plantations in Israel and analyzed recordings for species identification. We used the ESLTP analysis, an extension of the three-table ordination (RLQ analysis), to explore relationships between environmental characteristics, species occurrences, and functional traits of species while accounting for phylogenetic relationships between species and spatial distribution of the communities. Communities showed phylogenetic and trait clustering. Climatic conditions and forest vegetation composition shaped communities of bats, affecting the distribution of traits related to foraging behaviors, vegetation clutter, and the ability of bats to maneuver in it. Maneuverable species were associated with the northern Mediterranean climatic zone, with a scarce cover of drought-tolerant small shrubs and grassland. Fast flyers were associated with the center-south semi-arid area, with abundant drought-tolerant small shrubs and grassland. These forces might have a predominant role in the assembly of these communities, presumably due to the stressful climatic conditions of the study area. The ESLTP approach can be extended to other taxa and environments to predict species responses to disturbance and environmental changes and give insights into environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Allegrini
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute of Dryland, Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Carmi Korine
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute of Dryland, Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Boris R Krasnov
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute of Dryland, Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
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Lizardo V, García Trejo EA, Morrone JJ. Niche conservatism and convergence in birds of three cenocrons in the Mexican Transition Zone. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16664. [PMID: 38188173 PMCID: PMC10768671 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The niche conservatism hypothesis postulates that physiological and phylogenetic factors constrain species distributions, creating richness hotspots with older lineages in ancestral climatic conditions. Conversely, niche convergence occurs when species successfully disperse to novel environments, diversifying and resulting in areas with high phylogenetic clustering and endemism, low diversity, and lower clade age. The Mexican Transition Zone exhibits both patterns as its biotic assembly resulted from successive dispersal events of different biotic elements called cenocrons. We test the hypothesis that biogeographic transitionallity in the area is a product of niche conservatism in the Nearctic and Typical Neotropical cenocrons and niche convergence in the Mountain Mesoamerican cenocron. Methods We split the avifauna into three species sets representing cenocrons (sets of taxa that share the same biogeographic history, constituting an identifiable subset within a biota by their common biotic origin and evolutionary history). Then, we correlated richness, endemism, phylogenetic diversity, number of nodes, and crowning age with environmental and topographic variables. These correlations were then compared with the predictions of niche conservatism versus niche convergence. We also detected areas of higher species density in environmental space and interpreted them as an environmental transition zone where birds' niches converge. Results Our findings support the expected predictions on how niches evolved. Nearctic and Typical Neotropical species behaved as predicted by niche conservatism, whereas Mountain Mesoamerican species and the total of species correlations indicated niche convergence. We also detected distinct ecological and evolutionary characteristics of the cenocrons on a macroecological scale and the environmental conditions where the three cenocrons overlap in the Mesoamerican region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viridiana Lizardo
- Museum of Zoology ‘Alfonso L. Herrera’, Department of Evolutionary Biology, School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, CdMx, México
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, CdMx, México
| | - Erick Alejandro García Trejo
- Unit of Informatics for Biodiversity, Department of Evolutionary Biology, School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, CdMx, México
| | - Juan J. Morrone
- Museum of Zoology ‘Alfonso L. Herrera’, Department of Evolutionary Biology, School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, CdMx, México
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Krishnan A. The global butterfly effect of wing pattern convergence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2314443120. [PMID: 37729172 PMCID: PMC10556623 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314443120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anand Krishnan
- Evolutionary and Organismal Biology Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru560064, India
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21
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Volf M, Leong JV, de Lima Ferreira P, Volfová T, Kozel P, Matos-Maraví P, Hörandl E, Wagner ND, Luntamo N, Salminen JP, Segar ST, Sedio BE. Contrasting levels of β-diversity and underlying phylogenetic trends indicate different paths to chemical diversity in highland and lowland willow species. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1559-1571. [PMID: 37345539 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Diverse specialised metabolites contributed to the success of vascular plants in colonising most terrestrial habitats. Understanding how distinct aspects of chemical diversity arise through heterogeneous environmental pressures can help us understand the effects of abiotic and biotic stress on plant evolution and community assembly. We examined highland and lowland willow species within a phylogenetic framework to test for trends in their chemical α-diversity (richness) and β-diversity (variation among species sympatric in elevation). We show that differences in chemistry among willows growing at different elevations occur mainly through shifts in chemical β-diversity and due to convergence or divergence among species sharing their elevation level. We also detect contrasting phylogenetic trends in concentration and α-diversity of metabolites in highland and lowland willow species. The resulting elevational patterns contribute to the chemical diversity of willows and suggest that variable selective pressure across ecological gradients may, more generally, underpin complex changes in plant chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Volf
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jing Vir Leong
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Paola de Lima Ferreira
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tereza Volfová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozel
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pável Matos-Maraví
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Elvira Hörandl
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Natascha D Wagner
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niko Luntamo
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Simon T Segar
- Agriculture and Environment Department, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | - Brian E Sedio
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama
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22
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Larkin DJ, Glasenhardt MC, Williams EW, Karimi N, Barak RS, Leavens E, Hipp AL. Evolutionary history shapes grassland productivity through opposing effects on complementarity and selection. Ecology 2023; 104:e4129. [PMID: 37342067 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic diversity (PD), the evolutionary history of the organisms comprising a community, is increasingly recognized as an important driver of ecosystem function. However, biodiversity-ecosystem function experiments have rarely included PD as an a priori treatment. Thus, PD's effects in existing experiments are often confounded by covarying differences in species richness and functional trait diversity (FD). Here we report an experimental demonstration of strong PD effects on grassland primary productivity that are independent of FD, which was separately manipulated, and species richness, which was planted uniformly high to mimic diverse natural grasslands. Partitioning diversity effects demonstrated that higher PD increased complementarity (niche partitioning and/or facilitation) but lowered selection effects (probability of sampling highly productive species). Specifically, for every 5% increase in PD, complementarity increased by 26% on average (±8% SE), while selection effects decreased more modestly (8 ± 16%). PD also shaped productivity through clade-level effects on functional traits, that is, trait values associated with particular plant families. This clade effect was most pronounced in the Asteraceae (sunflower family), which, in tallgrass prairies, generally comprises tall, high-biomass species with low phylogenetic distinctiveness. FD also reduced selection effects but did not alter complementarity. Our results show that PD, independent of richness and FD, mediates ecosystem function through contrasting effects on complementarity and selection. This adds to growing evidence that consideration of phylogenetic dimensions of biodiversity can advance ecological understanding and inform conservation and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Larkin
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Evelyn W Williams
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, USA
| | - Nisa Karimi
- Herbarium and Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, USA
| | - Rebecca S Barak
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, USA
| | - Emma Leavens
- Herbarium and Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew L Hipp
- Herbarium and Center for Tree Science, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, USA
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Denk T, Grimm GW, Hipp AL, Bouchal JM, Schulze ED, Simeone MC. Niche evolution in a northern temperate tree lineage: biogeographical legacies in cork oaks (Quercus section Cerris). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:769-787. [PMID: 36805162 PMCID: PMC10184457 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cork oaks (Quercus section Cerris) comprise 15 extant species in Eurasia. Despite being a small clade, they display a range of leaf morphologies comparable to the largest sections (>100 spp.) in Quercus. Their fossil record extends back to the Eocene. Here, we explore how cork oaks achieved their modern ranges and how legacy effects might explain niche evolution in modern species of section Cerris and its sister section Ilex, the holly oaks. METHODS We inferred a dated phylogeny for cork and holly oaks using a reduced-representation next-generation sequencing method, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq), and used D-statistics to investigate gene flow hypotheses. We estimated divergence times using a fossilized birth-death model calibrated with 47 fossils. We used Köppen profiles, selected bioclimatic parameters and forest biomes occupied by modern species to infer ancestral climatic and biotic niches. KEY RESULTS East Asian and Western Eurasian cork oaks diverged initially in the Eocene. Subsequently, four Western Eurasian lineages (subsections) differentiated during the Oligocene and Miocene. Evolution of leaf size, form and texture was correlated, in part, with multiple transitions from ancestral humid temperate climates to mediterranean, arid and continental climates. Distantly related but ecologically similar species converged on similar leaf traits in the process. CONCLUSIONS Originating in temperate (frost-free) biomes, Eocene to Oligocene ranges of the primarily deciduous cork oaks were restricted to higher latitudes (Siberia to north of Paratethys). Members of the evergreen holly oaks (section Ilex) also originated in temperate biomes but migrated southwards and south-westwards into then-(sub)tropical southern China and south-eastern Tibet during the Eocene, then westwards along existing pre-Himalayan mountain ranges. Divergent biogeographical histories and deep-time phylogenetic legacies (in cold and drought tolerance, nutrient storage and fire resistance) thus account for the modern species mosaic of Western Eurasian oak communities, which are composed of oaks belonging to four sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Denk
- Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Johannes M Bouchal
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marco C Simeone
- Department of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Pellegrini AFA, Anderegg L, Pinto‐Ledezma JN, Cavender‐Bares J, Hobbie SE, Reich PB. Consistent physiological, ecological and evolutionary effects of fire regime on conservative leaf economics strategies in plant communities. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:597-608. [PMID: 36815289 PMCID: PMC10947573 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The functional response of plant communities to disturbance is hypothesised to be controlled by changes in environmental conditions and evolutionary history of species within the community. However, separating these influences using direct manipulations of repeated disturbances within ecosystems is rare. We evaluated how 41 years of manipulated fire affected plant leaf economics by sampling 89 plant species across a savanna-forest ecotone. Greater fire frequencies created a high-light and low-nitrogen environment, with more diverse communities that contained denser leaves and lower foliar nitrogen content. Strong trait-fire coupling resulted from the combination of significant intraspecific trait-fire correlations being in the same direction as interspecific trait differences arising through the turnover in functional composition along the fire-frequency gradient. Turnover among specific clades helped explain trait-fire trends, but traits were relatively labile. Overall, repeated burning led to reinforcing selective pressures that produced diverse plant communities dominated by conservative resource-use strategies and slow soil nitrogen cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F. A. Pellegrini
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Leander Anderegg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jesús N. Pinto‐Ledezma
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Peter B. Reich
- Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Forest ResourcesUniversity of MinnesotaSt. PaulMinnesotaUSA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
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25
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Kardish MR, Stachowicz JJ. Local environment drives rapid shifts in composition and phylogenetic clustering of seagrass microbiomes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3673. [PMID: 36871071 PMCID: PMC9985655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant microbiomes depend on environmental conditions, stochasticity, host species, and genotype identity. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is a unique system for plant-microbe interactions as a marine angiosperm growing in a physiologically-challenging environment with anoxic sediment, periodic exposure to air at low tide, and fluctuations in water clarity and flow. We tested the influence of host origin versus environment on eelgrass microbiome composition by transplanting 768 plants among four sites within Bodega Harbor, CA. Over three months following transplantation, we sampled microbial communities monthly on leaves and roots and sequenced the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene to assess community composition. The main driver of leaf and root microbiome composition was destination site; more modest effects of host origin site did not last longer than one month. Community phylogenetic analyses suggested that environmental filtering structures these communities, but the strength and nature of this filtering varies among sites and over time and roots and leaves show opposing gradients in clustering along a temperature gradient. We demonstrate that local environmental differences create rapid shifts in associated microbial community composition with potential functional implications for rapid host acclimation under shifting environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Kardish
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - John J Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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26
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Huang XZ, Li FB, Wang ZX, Jin Y, Qian H. Are allometric model parameters of aboveground biomass for trees phylogenetically constrained? PLANT DIVERSITY 2023; 45:229-233. [PMID: 37069928 PMCID: PMC10105221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of which biological and functional traits have, or lack, phylogenetic signal in a particular group of organisms is important to understanding the formation and functioning of biological communities. Allometric biomass models reflecting tree growth characteristics are commonly used to predict forest biomass. However, few studies have examined whether model parameters are constrained by phylogeny. Here, we use a comprehensive database (including 276 tree species) compiled from 894 allometric biomass models published in 302 articles to examine whether parameters a and b of the model W = a D b (where W stands for aboveground biomass, D is diameter at breast height) exhibit phylogenetic signal for all tree species as a whole and for different groups of tree species. For either model parameter, we relate difference in model parameter between different tree species to phylogenetic distance and to environmental distance between pairwise sites. Our study shows that neither model parameter exhibits phylogenetic signals (Pagel's λ and Blomberg's K both approach zero). This is the case regardless of whether all tree species in our data set were analyzed as a whole or tree species in different taxonomic groups (gymnosperm and angiosperm), leaf duration groups (evergreen and deciduous), or ecological groups (tropical, temperate and boreal) were analyzed separately. Our study also shows that difference in each parameter of the allometric biomass model is not significantly related to phylogenetic and environmental distances between tree species in different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Zhao Huang
- School of Forestry & Landscape of Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fang-Bing Li
- School of Forestry & Landscape of Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hong Qian
- Research and Collections Center, Illinois State Museum, 1011 East Ash Street, Springfield, IL 62703, USA
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Krasnov BR, Berrizbeitia MFL, Sanchez JP, Díaz MM, Lareschi M, Khokhlova IS, Grabovsky VI. The species composition of local flea assemblages at a small scale in two South American regions is predominantly driven by niche-based mechanisms. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:571-583. [PMID: 36515752 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We applied a step-down factor analysis (SDFA) and multi-site generalised dissimilarity modelling (MS-GDM) to local flea communities harboured by small mammals (i.e., collected at small sampling sites over a short time period) in two South American regions (Patagonia and the Northwestern Argentina) with the aim of understanding whether these communities were assembled via niche-based or dispersal-based processes. The SDFA allows us to determine whether clusters of flea assemblages across different types of climates, vegetation and soils can be distinguished (suggesting niche-based assembly). MS-GDM allows us to determine whether a substantial proportion of the variation in flea species turnover is explained by specific climate-associated, vegetation-associated and soil-associated variables (indicating niche-based assembly) or host turnover (indicating dispersal-based assembly). Mapping of assemblages on climate, vegetation and soil maps, according to their loadings on axis 1 or axis 2 of the SDFA, did not provide clear-cut results. Clusters of similar loadings could be recognized within some, but not other, climate, vegetation and soil types. However, MS-GDM demonstrated that the effect of environmental variables (especially air temperature) on flea compositional turnover was much stronger than that of host turnover, indicating the predominance of niche-based processes in local community assembly. A comparison of our results with those on the mechanisms that drive species assembly in regional communities allows us to conclude that local and regional communities result from the joint action of niche-based and dispersal-based processes, with the former more important at a smaller spatial scale and the latter at a larger spatial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris R Krasnov
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
| | - M Fernanda López Berrizbeitia
- Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina (PCMA) and Instituto de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina (PIDBA)-CCT CONICET Noa Sur (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales E IML, UNT, and Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, CP 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juliana P Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de La Provincia de Buenos Aires-CITNOBA (UNNOBA-UNSAdA-CONICET), Pergamino, Argentina
| | - M Mónica Díaz
- Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina (PCMA) and Instituto de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina (PIDBA)-CCT CONICET Noa Sur (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales E IML, UNT, and Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, CP 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marcela Lareschi
- Laboratorio de Ectoparásitos, Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos Y de Vectores (CEPAVE) (CONICET-UNLP), 45-53 Bv. 120 s/n e/ Av. 60 y Calle 64, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Irina S Khokhlova
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Vasily I Grabovsky
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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Song WY, Onditi KO, Li XY, Chen ZZ, He SW, Li Q, Jiang XL. Decomposing niche components reveals simultaneous effects of opposite deterministic processes structuring alpine small mammal assembly. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.999573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionSpecies distribution in alpine areas is constrained by multiple abiotic and biotic stressors. This leads to discrepant assembly patterns between different locations and study objects as opposite niche-based processes—limiting similarity and habitat filtering—simultaneously structure communities, masking overall patterns. We aimed to address how these processes structure small mammal communities in the alpine tree line transition zone, one of the most distinct vegetation transitions between alpine and montane habitats.MethodsWe compiled a dataset of species checklist, phylogeny, and functional traits from field collection and published sources spanning 18 mountains in southwest China. We first examined hypothetical niche-based processes with frequently used phylogenetic and trait approaches using this dataset. The species traits were decomposed into different niche components to explore the respective effects of specific stressors. Indices representing evolutionary history, trait space, and pairwise species distance were estimated and compared with null model expectations. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess the association patterns between diversity indices and elevation.ResultsThe results indicated that phylogenetic and functional richness were positively correlated with species richness. In contrast, distance-based indices were either negatively or weakly positively correlated with species richness. Null model analyses suggested no evidence of non-random phylogenetic or overall trait patterns. However, the resource acquisition niche tended to be more overdispersed (positive slopes), while the habitat affinity niche tended to be more clustered (negative slopes) beyond the high elevation tree line.DiscussionThese findings show that opposite niche-based processes simultaneously structure small mammal communities in alpine areas. Overall, the present study provides vital insights into the complexity of assembly processes in these habitats. It also highlights the importance of relating relevant traits to distinguish the influences of specific abiotic and biotic stressors.
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Paúl MJ, Rosauer D, Tarroso P, Velo‐Antón G, Carvalho SB. Environmental and topographic drivers of amphibian phylogenetic diversity and endemism in the Iberian Peninsula. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9666. [PMID: 36620407 PMCID: PMC9817204 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes driving biodiversity patterns and allowing their persistence is of utmost importance. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain spatial diversity patterns, including water-energy availability, habitat heterogeneity, and historical climatic refugia. The main goal of this study is to identify if general spatial drivers of species diversity patterns of phylogenetic diversity (PD) and phylogenetic endemism (PE) at the global scale are also predictive of PD and PE at regional scales, using Iberian amphibians as a case study. Our main hypothesis assumes that topography along with contemporary and historical climate are drivers of phylogenetic diversity and endemism, but that the strength of these predictors may be weaker at the regional scale than it tends to be at the global scale. We mapped spatial patterns of Iberian amphibians' phylogenetic diversity and endemism, using previously published phylogenetic and distribution data. Furthermore, we compiled spatial data on topographic and climatic variables related to the water-energy availability, topography, and historical climatic instability hypotheses. To test our hypotheses, we used Spatial Autoregressive Models and selected the best model to explain diversity patterns based on Akaike Information Criterion. Our results show that, out of the variables tested in our study, water-energy availability and historical climate instability are the most important drivers of amphibian diversity in Iberia. However, as predicted, the strength of these predictors in our case study is weaker than it tends to be at global scales. Thus, additional drivers should also be investigated and we suggest caution when interpreting these predictors as surrogates for different components of diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Paúl
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de VairãoUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOVairãoPortugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Dan Rosauer
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology and Centre for Biodiversity AnalysisThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Pedro Tarroso
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de VairãoUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOVairãoPortugal
| | - Guillermo Velo‐Antón
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de VairãoUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOVairãoPortugal
- Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal, Torre Cacti (Lab 97)Universidade de VigoVigoSpain
| | - Sílvia B. Carvalho
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de VairãoUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOVairãoPortugal
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Vaccaro AS, Filloy J. Factors underlying bird community assembly in anthropogenic habitats depend on the biome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19804. [PMID: 36396682 PMCID: PMC9672092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Production activities drive the replacement of original habitats with artificial ones, leading to new bird assemblages. In this study, we assessed if anthropogenic habitats acted as environmental filters causing functional redundancy or as promoters of functional divergence, depending on the biome. We also investigated if functional patterns derived from phylogenetic convergence or clustering. For this purpose, we computed the standardized effect sizes (SES) for avian functional and phylogenetic diversity using null models and compared the SES values among tree plantations, urban settlements (US), cattle pastures (CP), crop fields (CF) and natural habitats from two biomes: grassland and forest. We used generalized least squares models to test if functional and phylogenetic SES indicated functional redundancy or divergence, and phylogenetic convergence or clustering. We found functional redundancy in grassland and functional divergence in forest associated with environmental filtering and competitive exclusion, respectively. In grassland, functional structure was not associated with a clear phylogenetic pattern, while in forest functional divergence was caused by evolutionary convergence in CF and CP and conservation in US. The prevalences of functional redundancy and functional divergence patterns and their associated predominant mechanism of community assembly were found to depend on the biome and the regional species pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahí S. Vaccaro
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, C1428EGA CA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Filloy
- grid.7345.50000 0001 0056 1981Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 4, C1428EGA CA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hu J, Shen Y, Zheng Y, Zhou W, Karimi-maleh H, Liu Q, Fu L. Electrochemical fingerprinting sensor for plant phylogenetic investigation: A case of sclerophyllous oak. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:962301. [PMID: 36438123 PMCID: PMC9682139 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.962301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical fingerprinting can collect the electrochemical behavior of electrochemically active molecules in plant tissues, so it is regarded as a new plant analysis technology. Because the signal of electrochemical fingerprinting is positively correlated with the amount and type of electrochemically active molecules in plant tissues, it can also be used to reflect genetic differences between different species. Previous electrochemical fingerprinting techniques have been frequently used in phylogenetic studies of herbaceous plants. In this work, 19 Quercus species (17 evergreen or semi evergreen species and 2 deciduous species) were selected for investigation. The results indicated the electrochemical fingerprint of some species share similar features but can be distinguished after changing the recording condition (extraction solvent and electrolyte). The two sets of electrochemical fingerprint data can be used to construct different pattern recognition technology, which further speeds up the recognition efficiency. These electrochemical fingerprints were further used in phylogenetic investigations. The phylogenetic results deduced from electrochemical fingerprinting were divided mainly into three clusters. These can provide evidence for some of these arguments as well as new results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden, Memorial Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Hassan Karimi-maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Qing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Fu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
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Ben Saadi C, Cayuela L, Bañares de Dios G, de Aledo JG, Matas-Granados L, Salinas N, La Torre Cuadros MDLÁ, Macía MJ. Latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in western Amazonian terra firme forests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:978299. [PMID: 36275574 PMCID: PMC9585299 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.978299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating how environmental factors drive plant species distributions and how they affect latitudinal diversity gradients, remain essential questions in ecology and biogeography. In this study we aimed: 1) to investigate the relationships between all three diversity attributes, i.e., taxonomic diversity (TD), functional diversity (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD); 2) to quantify the latitudinal variation in these diversity attributes in western Amazonian terra firme forests; and 3) to understand how climatic and edaphic drivers contribute to explaining diversity patterns. We inventoried ca. 15,000 individuals from ca. 1,250 species, and obtained functional trait records for ca. 5,000 woody plant individuals in 50 plots of 0.1 ha located in five terra firme forest sites spread over a latitudinal gradient of 1200 km covering ca. 10°C in latitude in western Amazonia. We calculated all three diversity attributes using Hill numbers: q = 0 (richness), q = 1 (richness weighted by relative abundance), and q = 2 (richness weighted by dominance). Generalized linear mixed models were constructed for each diversity attribute to test the effects of different uncorrelated environmental predictors comprising the temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, soil pH and soil bulk density, as well as accounting for the effect of spatial autocorrelation, i.e., plots aggregated within sites. We confirmed that TD (q = 0, q = 1, and q = 2), FD (q = 0, q = 1, and q = 2), and PD (q = 0) increased monotonically towards the Equator following the latitudinal diversity gradient. The importance of rare species could explain the lack of a pattern for PD (q = 1 and q = 2). Temperature seasonality, which was highly correlated with latitude, and annual precipitation were the main environmental drivers of variations in TD, FD, and PD. All three diversity attributes increased with lower temperature seasonality, higher annual precipitation, and lower soil pH. We confirmed the existence of latitudinal diversity gradients for TD, FD, and PD in hyperdiverse Amazonian terra firme forests. Our results agree well with the predictions of the environmental filtering principle and the favourability hypothesis, even acting in a 10°C latitudinal range within tropical climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Ben Saadi
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Cayuela
- Departmento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Guillermo Bañares de Dios
- Departmento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Julia G. de Aledo
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Matas-Granados
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Norma Salinas
- Sección Quíımica, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
- School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - María de los Ángeles La Torre Cuadros
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Científica del Sur, Villa el Salvador, Peru
- Departamento de Manejo Forestal, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuel J. Macía
- Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Velasco JA, Pinto-Ledezma JN. Mapping species diversification metrics in macroecology: Prospects and challenges. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.951271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intersection of macroecology and macroevolution is one of today’s most active research in biology. In the last decade, we have witnessed a steady increment of macroecological studies that use metrics attempting to capture macroevolutionary processes to explain present-day biodiversity patterns. Evolutionary explanations of current species richness gradients are fundamental for understanding how diversity accumulates in a region. Although multiple hypotheses have been proposed to explain the patterns we observe in nature, it is well-known that the present-day diversity patterns result from speciation, extinction, colonization from nearby areas, or a combination of these macroevolutionary processes. Whether these metrics capture macroevolutionary processes across space is unknown. Some tip-rate metrics calculated directly from a phylogenetic tree (e.g., mean root distance -MRD-; mean diversification rate -mDR-) seem to return very similar geographical patterns regardless of how they are estimated (e.g., using branch lengths explicitly or not). Model-based tip-rate metrics —those estimated using macroevolutionary mixtures, e.g., the BAMM approach— seem to provide better net diversification estimates than only speciation rates. We argue that the lack of appropriate estimates of extinction and dispersal rates in phylogenetic trees may strongly limit our inferences about how species richness gradients have emerged at spatial and temporal scales. Here, we present a literature review about this topic and empirical comparisons between select taxa with several of these metrics. We implemented a simple null model approach to evaluate whether mapping of these metrics deviates from a random sampling process. We show that phylogenetic metrics by themselves are relatively poor at capturing speciation, extinction, and dispersal processes across geographical gradients. Furthermore, we provide evidence of how parametric biogeographic methods can improve our inference of past events and, therefore, our conclusions about the evolutionary processes driving biodiversity patterns. We recommend that further studies include several approaches simultaneously (e.g., spatial diversification modeling, parametric biogeographic methods, simulations) to disentangle the relative role of speciation, extinction, and dispersal in the generation and maintenance of species richness gradients at regional and global scales.
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Perea AJ, Wiegand T, Garrido JL, Rey PJ, Alcántara JM. Spatial phylogenetic and phenotypic patterns reveal ontogenetic shifts in ecological processes of plant community assembly. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Perea
- Depto Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Univ. de Jaén Jaen Spain
- Depto Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ‐CSIC) Granada Spain
| | - Thorsten Wiegand
- Dept of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - José L. Garrido
- Depto Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZ‐CSIC) Granada Spain
- Depto Ecología Evolutiva, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EBD‐CSIC) Sevilla Spain
| | - Pedro J. Rey
- Depto Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Univ. de Jaén Jaen Spain
- Inst. Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra En Andalucía (IISTA) Granada Spain
| | - Julio M. Alcántara
- Depto Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Univ. de Jaén Jaen Spain
- Inst. Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra En Andalucía (IISTA) Granada Spain
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Benítez-Malvido J, Álvarez-Añorve MY, Ávila-Cabadilla LD, González-Di Pierro AM, Zermeño-Hernández I, Méndez-Toribio M, González-Rodríguez A, Lombera R. Phylogenetic and functional structure of tree communities at different life stages in tropical rain forest fragments. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Das AA, Ratnam J. The thermal niche and phylogenetic assembly of evergreen tree metacommunities in a mid-to-upper tropical montane zone. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220038. [PMID: 35765839 PMCID: PMC9240684 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Frost and freezing temperatures have posed an obstacle to tropical woody evergreen plants over evolutionary time scales. Thus, along tropical elevation gradients, frost may influence woody plant community structure by filtering out lowland tropical clades and allowing extra-tropical lineages to establish at higher elevations. Here we assess the extent to which frost and freezing temperatures influence the taxonomic and phylogenetic structure of naturally patchy evergreen forests (locally known as shola) along a mid-upper montane elevation gradient in the Western Ghats, India. Specifically, we examine the role of large-scale macroclimate and factors affecting local microclimates, including shola patch size and distance from shola edge, in driving shola metacommunity structure. We find that the shola metacommunity shows phylogenetic overdispersion with elevation, with greater representation of extra-tropical lineages above 2000 m, and marked turnover in taxonomic composition of shola woody communities near the frost-affected forest edge above 2000 m, from those below 2000 m. Both minimum winter temperature and patch size were equally important in determining metacommunity structure, with plots inside very large sholas dominated by older tropical lineages, with many endemics. Phylogenetic overdispersion in the upper montane shola metacommunity thus resulted from tropical lineages persisting in the interiors of large closed frost-free sholas, where their regeneration niche has been preserved over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Abin Das
- Wildlife Biology and Conservation Program, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Jayashree Ratnam
- Wildlife Biology and Conservation Program, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
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Chloroplast Genome of Lithocarpus dealbatus (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq.) Rehder Establishes Monophyletic Origin of the Species and Reveals Mutational Hotspots with Taxon Delimitation Potential. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060828. [PMID: 35743859 PMCID: PMC9225305 DOI: 10.3390/life12060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is phylogenetic ambiguity in the genus Lithocarpus and subfamily Quercoideae (Family: Fagaceae). Lithocarpus dealbatus, an ecologically important tree, is the dominant species among the Quercoideae in India. Although several studies have been conducted on the species' regeneration and ecological and economic significance, limited information is available on its phylo-genomics. To resolve the phylogeny in Quercoideae, we sequenced and assembled the 161,476 bp chloroplast genome of L. dealbatus, which has a large single-copy section of 90,732 bp and a small single-copy region of 18,987 bp, separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions of 25,879 bp. The chloroplast genome contained 133 genes, of which 86 were protein-coding genes, 39 were transfer RNAs, and eight were ribosomal RNAs. Analysis of repeat elements and RNA editing sites revealed interspecific similarities within the Lithocarpus genus. DNA diversity analysis identified five highly diverged coding and noncoding hotspot regions in the four genera, which can be used as polymorphic markers for species/taxon delimitation across the four genera of Quercoideae viz., Lithocarpus, Quercus, Castanea, and Castanopsis. The chloroplast-based phylogenetic analysis among the Quercoideae established a monophyletic origin of Lithocarpus, and a closer evolutionary lineage with a few Quercus species. Besides providing insights into the chloroplast genome architecture of L. dealbatus, the study identified five mutational hotspots having high taxon-delimitation potential across four genera of Quercoideae.
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Barros RA, Dorado‐Rodrigues TF, Strüssmann C. Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of lizard assemblages across habitats and seasons in a Brazilian Cerrado area. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Assis Barros
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367 Cuiabá 78060‐900 Brazil
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Centro de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367 Cuiabá 78060900 Brazil
| | - Tainá Figueras Dorado‐Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Herpetologia Centro de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367 Cuiabá 78060900 Brazil
| | - Christine Strüssmann
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367 Cuiabá 78060900 Brazil
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Pérez-Toledo GR, Villalobos F, Silva RR, Moreno CE, Pie MR, Valenzuela-González JE. Alpha and beta phylogenetic diversities jointly reveal ant community assembly mechanisms along a tropical elevational gradient. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7728. [PMID: 35546343 PMCID: PMC9095595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the long-standing interest in the organization of ant communities across elevational gradients, few studies have incorporated the evolutionary information to understand the historical processes that underlay such patterns. Through the evaluation of phylogenetic α and β-diversity, we analyzed the structure of leaf-litter ant communities along the Cofre de Perote mountain in Mexico and evaluated whether deterministic- (i.e., habitat filtering, interspecific competition) or stochastic-driven processes (i.e., dispersal limitation) were driving the observed patterns. Lowland and some highland sites showed phylogenetic clustering, whereas intermediate elevations and the highest site presented phylogenetic overdispersion. We infer that strong environmental constraints found at the bottom and the top elevations are favoring closely-related species to prevail at those elevations. Conversely, less stressful climatic conditions at intermediate elevations suggest interspecific interactions are more important in these environments. Total phylogenetic dissimilarity was driven by the turnover component, indicating that the turnover of ant species along the mountain is actually shifts of lineages adapted to particular locations resembling their ancestral niche. The greater phylogenetic dissimilarity between communities was related to greater temperature differences probably due to narrow thermal tolerances inherent to several ant lineages that evolved in more stable conditions. Our results suggest that the interplay between environmental filtering, interspecific competition and habitat specialization plays an important role in the assembly of leaf-litter ant communities along elevational gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabricio Villalobos
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Red de Biología Evolutiva, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Rogerio R Silva
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Claudia E Moreno
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Marcio R Pie
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
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Anderegg LDL, Griffith DM, Cavender-Bares J, Riley WJ, Berry JA, Dawson TE, Still CJ. Representing plant diversity in land models: An evolutionary approach to make "Functional Types" more functional. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2541-2554. [PMID: 34964527 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants are critical mediators of terrestrial mass and energy fluxes, and their structural and functional traits have profound impacts on local and global climate, biogeochemistry, biodiversity, and hydrology. Yet, Earth System Models (ESMs), our most powerful tools for predicting the effects of humans on the coupled biosphere-atmosphere system, simplify the incredible diversity of land plants into a handful of coarse categories of "Plant Functional Types" (PFTs) that often fail to capture ecological dynamics such as biome distributions. The inclusion of more realistic functional diversity is a recognized goal for ESMs, yet there is currently no consistent, widely accepted way to add diversity to models, that is, to determine what new PFTs to add and with what data to constrain their parameters. We review approaches to representing plant diversity in ESMs and draw on recent ecological and evolutionary findings to present an evolution-based functional type approach for further disaggregating functional diversity. Specifically, the prevalence of niche conservatism, or the tendency of closely related taxa to retain similar ecological and functional attributes through evolutionary time, reveals that evolutionary relatedness is a powerful framework for summarizing functional similarities and differences among plant types. We advocate that Plant Functional Types based on dominant evolutionary lineages ("Lineage Functional Types") will provide an ecologically defensible, tractable, and scalable framework for representing plant diversity in next-generation ESMs, with the potential to improve parameterization, process representation, and model benchmarking. We highlight how the importance of evolutionary history for plant function can unify the work of disparate fields to improve predictive modeling of the Earth system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander D L Anderegg
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel M Griffith
- US Geological Survey Western Geographic Science Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeannine Cavender-Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - William J Riley
- Climate & Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Joseph A Berry
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Todd E Dawson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Christopher J Still
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Zhang G, Mao Z, Fortunel C, Martínez-Vilalta J, Viennois G, Maillard P, Stokes A. Parenchyma fractions drive the storage capacity of nonstructural carbohydrates across a broad range of tree species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:535-549. [PMID: 35266560 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) play a key role in tree performance and functioning and are stored in radial and axial parenchyma (RAP) cells. Whether this relationship is altered among species and climates or is linked to functional traits describing xylem structure (wood density) and tree stature is not known. METHODS In a systematic review, we collated data for NSC content and the proportion of RAP in stems for 68 tree species. To examine the relationships of NSCs and RAP with climatic factors and other functional traits, we also collected climatic data at each tree's location, as well as wood density and maximum height. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to examine the influence of species' evolutionary relationships on the associations among NSCs, RAP, and functional traits. RESULTS Across all 68 tree species, NSCs were positively correlated with RAP and mean annual temperature, but relationships were only weakly significant in temperate species and angiosperms. When separating RAP into radial parenchyma (RP) and axial parenchyma (AP), both NSCs and wood density were positively correlated with RP but not with AP. Wood in taller trees was less dense and had lower RAP than in shorter trees, but height was not related to NSCs. CONCLUSIONS In trees, NSCs are stored mostly in the RP fraction, which has a larger surface area in warmer climates. Additionally, NSCs were only weakly linked to wood density and tree height. Our analysis of evolutionary relationships demonstrated that RAP fractions and NSC content were always closely related across all 68 tree species, suggesting that RAP can act as a reliable proxy for potential NSC storage capacity in tree stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Zhang
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Zhun Mao
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gaëlle Viennois
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale Maillard
- SILVA, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, Agroparistech, Centre de Recherche Grand-Est Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Alexia Stokes
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
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Miranda Cebrián H, Font X, Roquet C, Pizarro Gavilán M, García MB. Assessing the vulnerability of habitats through plant rarity patterns in the Pyrenean range. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Miranda Cebrián
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC) Zaragoza Spain
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid Spain
| | - Xavier Font
- Plant Biodiversity Resource Center, University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristina Roquet
- Facultat de Biociències, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal I Ecologia Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain
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Shivaprakash KN, Rajanna JM, Gunaga SV, Ravikanth G, Vasudeva R, Shaanker RU, Dayanandan S. The flooded habitat adaptation, niche differentiation, and evolution of Myristicaceae trees in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in India. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Nagaraju Shivaprakash
- Department of Biology and Centre for Structural & Functional Genomics Concordia University Montreal Quebec Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science Montreal Quebec Canada
- The Nature Conservancy Center New Delhi India
| | - Jagadish M. Rajanna
- Department of Forest Biology College of Forestry University of Agricultural Sciences Sirsi Karnataka India
| | - Srikanth V. Gunaga
- Department of Forest Biology College of Forestry University of Agricultural Sciences Sirsi Karnataka India
| | - Gudasalamani Ravikanth
- Suri Sehgal Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Ramesh Vasudeva
- Department of Forest Biology College of Forestry University of Agricultural Sciences Sirsi Karnataka India
| | - Ramanan Uma Shaanker
- Department of Crop Physiology and School of Ecology and Conservation University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Selvadurai Dayanandan
- Department of Biology and Centre for Structural & Functional Genomics Concordia University Montreal Quebec Canada
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science Montreal Quebec Canada
- The Nature Conservancy Center New Delhi India
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Fine-Scale Adaptations to Environmental Variation and Growth Strategies Drive Phyllosphere Methylobacterium Diversity. mBio 2022; 13:e0317521. [PMID: 35073752 PMCID: PMC8787475 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03175-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylobacterium is a prevalent bacterial genus of the phyllosphere. Despite its ubiquity, little is known about the extent to which its diversity reflects neutral processes like migration and drift, versus environmental filtering of life history strategies and adaptations. In two temperate forests, we investigated how phylogenetic diversity within Methylobacterium is structured by biogeography, seasonality, and growth strategies. Using deep, culture-independent barcoded marker gene sequencing coupled with culture-based approaches, we uncovered a considerable diversity of Methylobacterium in the phyllosphere. We cultured different subsets of Methylobacterium lineages depending upon the temperature of isolation and growth (20°C or 30°C), suggesting long-term adaptation to temperature. To a lesser extent than temperature adaptation, Methylobacterium diversity was also structured across large (>100 km; between forests) and small (<1.2 km; within forests) geographical scales, among host tree species, and was dynamic over seasons. By measuring the growth of 79 isolates during different temperature treatments, we observed contrasting growth performances, with strong lineage- and season-dependent variations in growth strategies. Finally, we documented a progressive replacement of lineages with a high-yield growth strategy typical of cooperative, structured communities in favor of those characterized by rapid growth, resulting in convergence and homogenization of community structure at the end of the growing season. Together, our results show how Methylobacterium is phylogenetically structured into lineages with distinct growth strategies, which helps explain their differential abundance across regions, host tree species, and time. This work paves the way for further investigation of adaptive strategies and traits within a ubiquitous phyllosphere genus. IMPORTANCE Methylobacterium is a bacterial group tied to plants. Despite the ubiquity of methylobacteria and the importance to their hosts, little is known about the processes driving Methylobacterium community dynamics. By combining traditional culture-dependent and -independent (metabarcoding) approaches, we monitored Methylobacterium diversity in two temperate forests over a growing season. On the surface of tree leaves, we discovered remarkably diverse and dynamic Methylobacterium communities over short temporal (from June to October) and spatial (within 1.2 km) scales. Because we cultured different subsets of Methylobacterium diversity depending on the temperature of incubation, we suspected that these dynamics partly reflected climatic adaptation. By culturing strains under laboratory conditions mimicking seasonal variations, we found that diversity and environmental variations were indeed good predictors of Methylobacterium growth performances. Our findings suggest that Methylobacterium community dynamics at the surface of tree leaves results from the succession of strains with contrasting growth strategies in response to environmental variations.
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Onditi KO, Song WY, Li XY, Chen ZZ, Li Q, He SW, Musila S, Kioko E, Jiang XL. Patterns and Predictors of Small Mammal Phylogenetic and Functional Diversity in Contrasting Elevational Gradients in Kenya. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.742524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mountains of the Afrotropics are global biodiversity hotspots and centers of speciation and endemism; however, very few studies have focused on the phylogenetic and functional dimensions of Afromontane small mammals. We investigated the patterns and mechanisms of small mammal phylogenetic and functional diversity and assembly along elevational gradients in Mount Kenya, the second highest mountain in Africa, and a contrasting low mountain range, Chyulu Hills. We sampled 24 200-m interval transects in both sites; 18 in Mt. Kenya (9 each in the windward side, Chogoria, and the leeward side, Sirimon) and 6 in Chyulu. We extracted the mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene to reconstruct a time-calibrated species tree for estimating phylogenetic diversity indices [phylogenetic richness (PD), mean nearest taxon distance (PDMNTD), and nearest taxon index (PDNTI)]. A functional trait data set was compiled from the field-recorded measurements and published data sets for estimating functional diversity indices [functional richness (FD), mean nearest taxon distance (FDMNTD), and nearest taxon index (FDNTI)]. Several environmental variables representing water-energy availability, primary habitat productivity, and topographic heterogeneity were used to estimate the predictive power of abiotic conditions on diversity variances using generalized linear and generalized additive regression models. The PD and FD peaked around mid-elevations in Mt. Kenya, unimodally increased or decreased in Chogoria and Sirimon, and monotonically increased in Chyulu. The divergence and community structure indices—PDMNTD, FDMNTD, and PDNTI and FDNTI—were relatively weakly associated with elevation. Overall, the tendency of assemblages to be phylogenetically and functionally closely related than expected by chance decreased with elevation in Mt. Kenya but increased in Chyulu. Across the indices, the annual precipitation and topographic ruggedness were the strongest predictors in Mt. Kenya, evapotranspiration and temperature seasonality were the strongest predictors in Chyulu, while temperature seasonality and terrain ruggedness overlapped as the strongest predictors in Chogoria and Sirimon in addition to annual precipitation in the latter and normalized difference vegetation index in the former. The observed contrasting trends in diversity distribution and the strongest predictors between elevational gradients are integral to the sustainable management of the high faunal biodiversity in tropical Afromontane ecosystems.
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Fontes CG, Pinto‐Ledezma J, Jacobsen AL, Pratt RB, Cavender‐Bares J. Adaptive variation among oaks in wood anatomical properties is shaped by climate of origin and shows limited plasticity across environments. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa G. Fontes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Jesús Pinto‐Ledezma
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA
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Abstract
Although it has long been recognized that seed production by many forest trees varies greatly from year to year, masting (along with 'mast fruiting', 'mast seeding' and 'masting behaviour') as a concept referring to such variability is a relatively recent development. Here, I provide a brief history of masting research, highlighting some of the early contributions by foresters, zoologists and others that paved the way for the burgeoning number of studies currently being conducted by researchers around the world. Of particular current interest is work attempting to understand the proximate mechanisms, evolutionary drivers and community effects of this important ecological phenomenon as well as the ways that climate change may influence masting behaviour in the future. This article is part of the theme issue 'The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter D Koenig
- Hastings Natural History Reservation, University of California Berkeley, Carmel Valley, CA 93924, USA.,Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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Satake A, Kelly D. Delayed fertilization facilitates flowering time diversity in Fagaceae. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20210115. [PMID: 34657457 PMCID: PMC8520785 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fagaceae includes typical masting species that exhibit highly synchronized and fluctuating acorn production. Fagaceae shows an interesting feature in that fertilization is delayed by several weeks to more than 1 year after pollination. Although delayed fertilization was recorded over a century ago, the evolutionary advantage of delayed fertilization is still poorly understood. Here, we present a new hypothesis that delayed fertilization facilitates temporal niche differentiation via non-overlapping flowering times among species. Comparing flowering and fruiting times in 228 species from five genera in Fagaceae, we first show that there is a close association between a wider spread of flowering times and the likelihood of a 2-year fruiting habit in which there is a long delay from pollination to fertilization. To study the coevolution of flowering time and delayed fertilization, we developed a mathematical model that incorporates the effects of competition for pollinators, seed predator satiation and unfavourable season for reproduction on fitness. The model shows that delayed fertilization facilitates the diversification of flowering time in a population, which is advantageous for animal-pollinated trees that compete over pollinators. Our new hypothesis about the coevolution of delayed fertilization and flowering time will provide new insight into the evolution of masting. This article is part of the theme issue 'The ecology and evolution of synchronized seed production in plants'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Satake
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Dave Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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Wang M, Yan C, Luo A, Li Y, Chesters D, Qiao H, Chen J, Zhou Q, Ma K, Bruelheide H, Schuldt A, Zhang Z, Zhu C. Phylogenetic relatedness, functional traits, and spatial scale determine herbivore co‐occurrence in a subtropical forest. ECOL MONOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 China
- College of Biological Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A Yuquan Road Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chuan Yan
- Institute of Innovation Ecology Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730013 China
| | - Arong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 China
- College of Biological Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A Yuquan Road Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 China
| | - Douglas Chesters
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 China
| | - Hui‐Jie Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 China
| | - Jing‐Ting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 China
- College of Biological Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A Yuquan Road Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qing‐Song Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 China
| | - Keping Ma
- Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Am Kirchtor 1 Halle 06108 Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Puschstr. 4 Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Andreas Schuldt
- Forest Nature Conservation Georg‐August‐University Goettingen Buesgenweg 3 Goettingen 37077 Germany
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A Yuquan Road Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chao‐Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 China
- College of Biological Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19A Yuquan Road Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Beichen West Road Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101 China
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Arnillas CA, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, Alberti J, Baez S, Bakker JD, Boughton EH, Buckley YM, Bugalho MN, Donohue I, Dwyer J, Firn J, Gridzak R, Hagenah N, Hautier Y, Helm A, Jentsch A, Knops JMH, Komatsu KJ, Laanisto L, Laungani R, McCulley R, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Peri PL, Power SA, Price J, Sankaran M, Schamp B, Speziale K, Standish R, Virtanen R, Cadotte MW. Opposing community assembly patterns for dominant and nondominant plant species in herbaceous ecosystems globally. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17744-17761. [PMID: 35003636 PMCID: PMC8717298 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic factors interact with dominant plants-the locally most frequent or with the largest coverage-and nondominant plants differently, partially because dominant plants modify the environment where nondominant plants grow. For instance, if dominant plants compete strongly, they will deplete most resources, forcing nondominant plants into a narrower niche space. Conversely, if dominant plants are constrained by the environment, they might not exhaust available resources but instead may ameliorate environmental stressors that usually limit nondominants. Hence, the nature of interactions among nondominant species could be modified by dominant species. Furthermore, these differences could translate into a disparity in the phylogenetic relatedness among dominants compared to the relatedness among nondominants. By estimating phylogenetic dispersion in 78 grasslands across five continents, we found that dominant species were clustered (e.g., co-dominant grasses), suggesting dominant species are likely organized by environmental filtering, and that nondominant species were either randomly assembled or overdispersed. Traits showed similar trends for those sites (<50%) with sufficient trait data. Furthermore, several lineages scattered in the phylogeny had more nondominant species than expected at random, suggesting that traits common in nondominants are phylogenetically conserved and have evolved multiple times. We also explored environmental drivers of the dominant/nondominant disparity. We found different assembly patterns for dominants and nondominants, consistent with asymmetries in assembly mechanisms. Among the different postulated mechanisms, our results suggest two complementary hypotheses seldom explored: (1) Nondominant species include lineages adapted to thrive in the environment generated by dominant species. (2) Even when dominant species reduce resources to nondominant ones, dominant species could have a stronger positive effect on some nondominants by ameliorating environmental stressors affecting them, than by depleting resources and increasing the environmental stress to those nondominants. These results show that the dominant/nondominant asymmetry has ecological and evolutionary consequences fundamental to understand plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada
| | | | | | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC, UNMdP, CONICET)Mar del PlataArgentina
| | - Selene Baez
- Department of BiologyEscuela Politécnica NacionalQuitoEcuador
| | - Jonathan D. Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Yvonne M. Buckley
- School of Natural Sciences, ZoologyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Miguel Nuno Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology Prof. Baeta Neves (CEABN‐InBIO)School of AgricultureUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Ian Donohue
- School of Natural Sciences, ZoologyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - John Dwyer
- University of Queensland, School of Biological SciencesST‐LuciaQldAustralia
| | - Jennifer Firn
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT) BrisbaneQldAustralia
| | | | - Nicole Hagenah
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyMammal Research InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity GroupDepartment of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Aveliina Helm
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Johannes M. H. Knops
- Department of Health and Environmental SciencesXi'an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhouChina
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | | | - Lauri Laanisto
- Department of Agricutural and Environmental SciencesEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | | | - Rebecca McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Joslin L. Moore
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVicAustralia
| | | | | | - Sally A. Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithAustralia
| | - Jodi Price
- Institute for Land, Water and SocietyCharles Sturt UniversityAlburyNSWAustralia
| | - Mahesh Sankaran
- National Centre for Biological SciencesTIFRBengaluruIndia
- School of BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - Karina Speziale
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio EcotonoINIBIOMA (CONICET‐UNCOMA)San Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina
| | - Rachel Standish
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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