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Akahane S, Matsuura H, Kaido T, Usami Y, Ishimine N, Uehara T, Yamauchi K. Apolipoprotein E-containing lipoproteins and their extracellular interactions with LRP1 affect LPS-induced inflammation. Biol Chem 2024; 405:383-393. [PMID: 38488124 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2024-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The linkage between low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)1-mediated metabolism of apolipoprotein (apo) E-containing lipoproteins (apoE-LP) and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response contributes to the pathogenesis of sepsis; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, in this study, the effects of apoE-LP and their constituents on the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and LRP1 were evaluated using a culture system of human fibroblasts supplemented with LPS and apoE-containing emulsion particles (apoE-EP). The affinity of apoE-LP for LPS was examined using the interaction between fluorescence-labeled LPS and serum lipoprotein fractions. LPS-induced inflammation significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of IL-6 and LRP1. This upregulation was markedly suppressed by pre-incubation of LPS with apoE-EP or its constituents (apoE or EP). The suppressive effect of apoE-EP on IL-6 upregulation was attenuated in the presence of lactoferrin, an inhibitor of LRP1. The prepared apoE-EP and serum triglyceride-rich lipoproteins showed significant affinity for LPS. However, these affinities appeared to be lower than expected based on the extent to which IL-6 upregulation was suppressed by pre-incubation of LPS with apoE-EP. Overall, these results indicate that LPS-induced inflammation may be regulated by 1) the LPS-neutralizing effect of apoE-LP, 2) anti-inflammatory effect of apoE, and 3) LRP1-mediated metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Akahane
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, 34808 Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Hiroto Matsuura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, 34808 Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kaido
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, 34808 Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 34808 Shinshu University Hospital , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoko Usami
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 34808 Shinshu University Hospital , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Nau Ishimine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 34808 Shinshu University Hospital , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uehara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, 34808 Shinshu University Hospital , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamauchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Investigation, 34808 Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University , Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, 34808 School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University , 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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Luo H, Li J, Chen Y, Wu B, Liu J, Han M, Wu Y, Jia W, Yu P, Cheng R, Wang X, Ke J, Xian H, Tu J, Yi Y. Feasibility of a clinical-radiomics combined model to predict the occurrence of stroke-associated pneumonia. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:45. [PMID: 38273251 PMCID: PMC10809767 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the predictive value of radiomics in predicting stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and construct a prediction model based on clinical features and DWI-MRI radiomics features. METHODS Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent clinical predictors for SAP. Pearson correlation analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator with ten-fold cross-validation were used to calculate the radiomics score for each feature and identify the predictive radiomics features for SAP. Multivariate logistic regression was used to combine the predictive radiomics features with the independent clinical predictors. The prediction performance of the SAP models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC), calibration curves, decision curve analysis, and subgroup analyses. RESULTS Triglycerides, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, dysphagia, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and internal carotid artery stenosis were identified as clinically independent risk factors for SAP. The radiomics scores in patients with SAP were generally higher than in patients without SAP (P < 0. 05). There was a linear positive correlation between radiomics scores and NIHSS scores, as well as between radiomics scores and infarct volume. Infarct volume showed moderate performance in predicting the occurrence of SAP, with an AUC of 0.635. When compared with the other models, the combined prediction model achieved the best area under the ROC (AUC) in both training (AUC = 0.859, 95% CI 0.759-0.936) and validation (AUC = 0.830, 95% CI 0.758-0.896) cohorts (P < 0.05). The calibration curves and decision curve analysis further confirmed the clinical value of the nomogram. Subgroup analysis showed that this nomogram had potential generalization ability. CONCLUSION The addition of the radiomics features to the clinical model improved the prediction of SAP in AIS patients, which verified its feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Luo
- Department of Medical Big Data Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Medical Big Data Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongsen Chen
- Department of Medical Big Data Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Medical Big Data Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianmo Liu
- Department of Medical Big Data Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Mengqi Han
- Department of Medical Big Data Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Medical Big Data Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weijie Jia
- Department of Medical Big Data Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Department of Medical Big Data Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Medical Big Data Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoman Wang
- Department of Medical Big Data Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingyao Ke
- Department of Medical Big Data Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongfei Xian
- Department of Medical Big Data Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
- School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianglong Tu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China.
| | - Yingping Yi
- Department of Medical Big Data Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1MinDe Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China.
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Xiao M, Deng H, Mao W, Liu Y, Yang Q, Liu Y, Fan J, Li W, Liu D. U-shaped association between serum triglyceride levels and mortality among septic patients: An analysis based on the MIMIC-IV database. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294779. [PMID: 38011086 PMCID: PMC10681221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is characterized by upregulated lipolysis in adipose tissue and a high blood triglyceride (TG) level. It is still debated whether serum TG level is related to mortality in septic patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum TG level and mortality in septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS Data from adult septic patients (≥18 years) admitted to the ICU for the first time were obtained from the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The patients' serum TG levels that were measured within the first week after ICU admission were extracted for statistical analysis. The endpoints were 28-day, ICU and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS A total of 2,782 septic patients were included. Univariate analysis indicated that the relationship between serum TG levels and the risk of mortality was significantly nonlinear. Both the Lowess smoothing technique and restricted cubic spline analyses revealed a U-shaped association between serum TG levels and mortality among septic patients. The lowest mortality rate was associated with a serum TG level of 300-500 mg/dL. Using 300∼500 mg/dL as the reference range, we found that both hypo-TG (<300 mg/dL) and hyper-TG (≥500 mg/dL) were associated with increased mortality. The result was further adjusted by Cox regression with and without the inclusion of some differential covariates. CONCLUSIONS There was a U-shaped association between serum TG and mortality in septic ICU patients. The optimal concentration of serum TG levels in septic ICU patients is 300-500 mg/dL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbin Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjian Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiemei Fan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dadong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Digestive Disease Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
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Feng J, Huang Y, Huang M, Li X, Amoah K, Huang Y, Jian J. Apolipoprotein Eb (On-ApoEb) protects Oreochromis niloticus against Streptococcus agalactiae infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109069. [PMID: 37696347 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a critical targeting protein, has been found to play an essential role in the protection against infection and inflammation. However, the immune functions of ApoE against bacterial infection in fish have not been investigated. In this study, a full-length cDNA for ApoE, named On-ApoEb was cloned from Oreochromis niloticus. The predicted cDNA sequence was 831bp in length and coded for a protein of 276 amino acid residues, which shared 63.87%-98.55% identity with ApoEb from other fishes, and about 22% identity with ApoEb from mammals. On-ApoEb from O. niloticus was highly expressed in the liver and could be activated in the tissues (liver, spleen, brain, and intestine) after infection with Streptococcus agalactiae. Moreover, the results revealed that On-ApoEb could decrease the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors, immune-related pathways, and apoptosis, while increasing the expression levels of anti-inflammatory factors. Furthermore, On-ApoEb was noted to improve the survival rate and reduce the bacterial load in the liver and spleen. These results suggested that On-ApoEb was connected with immune response and had anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Feng
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yongxiong Huang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Meiling Huang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xing Li
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Kwaku Amoah
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jichang Jian
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture & Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
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Chen H, Cao T, Zhang B, Cai H. The regulatory effects of second-generation antipsychotics on lipid metabolism: Potential mechanisms mediated by the gut microbiota and therapeutic implications. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1097284. [PMID: 36762113 PMCID: PMC9905135 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1097284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric diseases but cause a high risk of disruption to lipid metabolism, which is an intractable therapeutic challenge worldwide. Although the exact mechanisms underlying this lipid disturbance are complex, an increasing body of evidence has suggested the involvement of the gut microbiota in SGA-induced lipid dysregulation since SGA treatment may alter the abundance and composition of the intestinal microflora. The subsequent effects involve the generation of different categories of signaling molecules by gut microbes such as endogenous cannabinoids, cholesterol, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), and gut hormones that regulate lipid metabolism. On the one hand, these signaling molecules can directly activate the vagus nerve or be transported into the brain to influence appetite via the gut-brain axis. On the other hand, these molecules can also regulate related lipid metabolism via peripheral signaling pathways. Interestingly, therapeutic strategies directly targeting the gut microbiota and related metabolites seem to have promising efficacy in the treatment of SGA-induced lipid disturbances. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of how SGAs can induce disturbances in lipid metabolism by altering the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Bikui Zhang, ; Hualin Cai,
| | - Hualin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China,International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Bikui Zhang, ; Hualin Cai,
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Chen RY, Zhang S, Zhuang SY, Li DW, Zhang M, Zhu C, Yu YT, Yuan XD. A simple nomogram for predicting infectious diseases in adult kidney transplantation recipients. Front Public Health 2022; 10:944137. [PMID: 36117592 PMCID: PMC9471136 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.944137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the risk factors of infectious diseases in adult kidney transplantation recipients and to establish a simple and novel nomogram to guide the prophylactic antimicrobial therapy. Methods Patients who received kidney transplantation between January 2018 and October 2021 were included in the study and were divided into a training and a testing set at a 1:1 ratio. Risk factors correlated to infectious diseases were selected using a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression model. The prediction model was built by incorporating the variables selected by the LASSO model into a logistic regression equation. Calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were also applied to assess the model calibration and discrimination. A nomogram consisting of the selected factors was established to provide individualized risks of developing infections. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was adopted to estimate the net benefit and reduction in interventions for a range of clinically reasonable risk thresholds. Results In all, 863 adult kidney recipients were included in the study, and 407 (47.16%) of them developed infectious diseases during the 3-year follow-up period. A total of 8 variables were selected using LASSO regression and were retained for subsequent model construction and infection prediction. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.83 and 0.81 in the training and testing sets, with high F scores of 0.76 and 0.77, sensitivity of 0.76 and 0.81, and specificity of 0.88 and 0.74, respectively. A novel nomogram was developed based on 8 selected predictors (requirement for albumin infusion, requirement for red blood cell infusion, triglyceride, uric acid, creatinine, globulin, neutrophil percentage, and white blood cells). The net benefit indicated that the nomogram would reduce unnecessary interventions at a wide range of threshold probabilities in both sets. Conclusions Adult kidney transplantation recipients are high-risk hosts for infectious diseases. The novel nomogram consisting of 8 factors reveals good predictive performance and may promote the reasonable antimicrobial prescription. More external validations are required to confirm its effectiveness for further clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yang Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Yong Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Cheng Zhu
| | - Yue-Tian Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yue-Tian Yu
| | - Xiao-Dong Yuan
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China,Xiao-Dong Yuan
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Li X, Yan H, Luo T, Xiao Z, Gong L, Huang J, Zhang X, Zheng M, Yao Z, Zang P, Zhu D, Lu X. Fulfillment status of hypertriglyceridemia and hypofibrinogenemia in children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and risks of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and early mortality. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:161. [PMID: 35410268 PMCID: PMC8996201 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disorder. How to stratify high risk patients is one of the current challenges for the treatment of HLH. HLH patients usually fulfill multiple but not all eight diagnostic criteria. Different combinations of the fulfilled criteria may naturally cluster into previously undescribed subsets or phenotypes that may have different pathophysiology and demonstrate different risks for a poor outcome. The objectives of this study were to identify HLH subgroups according to the fulfillment of diagnostic criteria and evaluate the risk of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and 30-day mortality for subgroups. We retrospectively collect medical records of patients with discharge diagnosis of HLH between June 2015 and October 2018 from a tertiary children’s hospital in China. Latent class analysis was used to identify class defining variables from HLH diagnostic items, and subgroups were defined according to different combinations of the class defining variables. Results Triglyceride and fibrinogen were identified as the class defining variables. When evaluated in combinations, patients with hypertriglyceridemia and normal fibrinogen levels during hospitalization had the lowest risks for MODS (27.8%, OR = 1) and 30-day mortality (18.8%, OR = 1), and patients with normal triglyceride and hypofibrinogenemia had the highest risks for MODS (86.2%, OR = 16.24, P = 0.0002) and 30-day mortality (57.1%, OR = 5.78, P = 0.0187). The fulfillment status of hypertriglyceridemia and hypofibrinogenemia within 72 h of hospital admission was also associated with the risk of adverse outcomes. Conclusions The fulfillment status of hypertriglyceridemia and hypofibrinogenemia were associated with the risks of MODS and 30-day mortality among pediatric HLH patients. Further studies are needed to validate this association and investigate its clinical utility in the severity evaluation for HLH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02315-8.
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Pussinen PJ, Kopra E, Pietiäinen M, Lehto M, Zaric S, Paju S, Salminen A. Periodontitis and cardiometabolic disorders: The role of lipopolysaccharide and endotoxemia. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:19-40. [PMID: 35244966 PMCID: PMC9314839 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide is a virulence factor of gram-negative bacteria with a crucial importance to the bacterial surface integrity. From the host's perspective, lipopolysaccharide plays a role in both local and systemic inflammation, activates both innate and adaptive immunity, and can trigger inflammation either directly (as a microbe-associated molecular pattern) or indirectly (by inducing the generation of nonmicrobial, danger-associated molecular patterns). Translocation of lipopolysaccharide into the circulation causes endotoxemia, which is typically measured as the biological activity of lipopolysaccharide to induce coagulation of an aqueous extract of blood cells of the assay. Apparently healthy subjects have a low circulating lipopolysaccharide activity, since it is neutralized and cleared rapidly. However, chronic endotoxemia is involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammation-driven conditions, especially cardiometabolic disorders. These include atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, obesity, liver diseases, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, where endotoxemia has been recognized as a risk factor. The main source of endotoxemia is thought to be the gut microbiota. However, the oral dysbiosis in periodontitis, which is typically enriched with gram-negative bacterial species, may also contribute to endotoxemia. As endotoxemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders, lipopolysaccharide could be considered as a molecular link between periodontal microbiota and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirkko J Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Kopra
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Svetislav Zaric
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Susanna Paju
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino Salminen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Nguyen M, Gautier T, Reocreux G, Pallot G, Maquart G, Bahr PA, Tavernier A, Grober J, Masson D, Bouhemad B, Guinot PG. Increased Phospholipid Transfer Protein Activity Is Associated With Markers of Enhanced Lipopolysaccharide Clearance in Human During Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:756269. [PMID: 34712716 PMCID: PMC8545915 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.756269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of gram-negative bacteria, known for its ability to trigger inflammation. The main pathway of LPS clearance is the reverse lipopolysaccharide transport (RLT), with phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and lipoproteins playing central roles in this process in experimental animal models. To date, the relevance of this pathway has never been studied in humans. Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass is known to favor LPS digestive translocation. Our objective was to determine whether pre-operative PLTP activity and triglyceride or cholesterol-rich lipoprotein concentrations were associated to LPS concentrations in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: A post-hoc analysis was conducted on plasma samples obtained from patients recruited in a randomized controlled trial.Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), triglyceride and PLTP activity were measured before surgery. LPS concentration was measured by mass spectrometry before surgery, at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass and 24 h after admission to the intensive care unit. Results: High PLTP activity was associated with lower LPS concentration but not with inflammation nor post-operative complications. HDLc, LDLc and total cholesterol were not associated with LPS concentration but were lower in patients developing post-operative adverse events. HDLc was negatively associated with inflammation biomarkers (CRP, PCT). Triglyceride concentrations were positively correlated with LPS concentration, PCT and were higher in patients with post-operative complications. Conclusion: Our study supports the role of PLTP in LPS elimination and the relevance of RLT in human. PLTP activity, and not cholesterol rich lipoproteins pool size seemed to be the limiting factor for RLT. PLTP activity was not directly related to post-operative inflammation and adverse events, suggesting that LPS clearance is not the main driver of inflammation in our patients. However, HDLc was associated with lower inflammation and was associated with favorable outcomes, suggesting that HDL beneficial anti-inflammatory effects could be, at least in part independent of LPS clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Gautier
- University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Reocreux
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Pierre-Alain Bahr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.,INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | | | - Jacques Grober
- University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France.,AgroSup, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | - David Masson
- University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Belaid Bouhemad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre-Grégoire Guinot
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.,University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,INSERM, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France.,FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx, Dijon, France
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10
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Alaedin M, Ghaffari MH, Sadri H, Meyer J, Dänicke S, Frahm J, Huber K, Grindler S, Kersten S, Rehage J, Muráni E, Sauerwein H. Effects of dietary l-carnitine supplementation on the response to an inflammatory challenge in mid-lactating dairy cows: Hepatic mRNA abundance of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:11193-11209. [PMID: 34253361 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at characterizing the effects of dietary l-carnitine supplementation on hepatic fatty acid (FA) metabolism during inflammation in mid-lactating cows. Fifty-three pluriparous Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to either a control (CON, n = 26) or an l-carnitine supplemented (CAR; n = 27) group. The CAR cows received 125 g of a rumen-protected l-carnitine product per cow per day (corresponding to 25 g of l-carnitine/cow per day) from d 42 antepartum (AP) until the end of the trial on d 126 postpartum (PP). Aside from the supplementation, the same basal diets were fed in the dry period and during lactation to all cows. In mid lactation, each cow was immune-challenged by a single intravenous injection of 0.5 μg of LPS/kg of BW at d 111 PP. Blood samples were collected before and after LPS administration. The mRNA abundance of in total 39 genes related to FA metabolism was assessed in liver biopsies taken at d -11, 1, and 14 relative to LPS (d 111 PP) and also on d 42 AP as an individual covariate using microfluidics integrated fluidic circuit chips (96.96 dynamic arrays). In addition to the concentrations of 3 selected proteins related to FA metabolism, acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACACA), 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and solute carrier family 25 member 20 (SLC25A20) were assessed by a capillary Western blot method in liver biopsies from d -11 and 1 relative to LPS from 11 cows each of CAR and CON. On d -11 relative to LPS, differences between the mRNA abundance in CON and CAR were limited to acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD) very-long-chain (ACADVL) with greater mRNA abundance in the CAR than in the CON group. The liver fat content decreased from d -11 to d 1 relative to the LPS injection and remained at the lower level until d 14 in both groups. One day after the LPS challenge, lower mRNA abundance of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), CPT2, ACADVL, ACAD short-chain (ACADS), and solute carrier family 22 member 5 (SLC22A5) were observed in the CAR group as compared with the CON group. However, the mRNA abundance of protein kinase AMP-activated noncatalytic subunit gamma 1 (PRKAG1), ACAD medium-chain (ACADM), ACACA, and FA binding protein 1 (FABP1) were greater in the CAR group than in the CON group on d 1 relative to LPS. Two weeks after the LPS challenge, differences between the groups were no longer detectable. The altered mRNA abundance before and 1 d after LPS pointed to increased transport of FA into hepatic mitochondria during systemic inflammation in both groups. The protein abundance of AMPK was lower in CAR than in CON before the LPS administration. The protein abundance of SLC25A20 was neither changing with time nor treatment and the ACACA protein abundance was only affected by time. In conclusion, l-carnitine supplementation temporally altered the hepatic mRNA abundance of some genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and very-low-density lipoprotein export in response to an inflammatory challenge, but with largely lacking effects before and 2 wk after LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alaedin
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - H Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 516616471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - J Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Frahm
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - K Huber
- Institute of Animal Science, Functional Anatomy of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 35, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Grindler
- Institute of Animal Science, Functional Anatomy of Livestock, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 35, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J Rehage
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - E Muráni
- Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals (FBN), Research Unit Molecular Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology Unit, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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11
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Russell KM, Smith J, Bremner A, Chintoan-Uta C, Vervelde L, Psifidi A, Stevens MP. Transcriptomic analysis of caecal tissue in inbred chicken lines that exhibit heritable differences in resistance to Campylobacter jejuni. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:411. [PMID: 34082718 PMCID: PMC8176612 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans and the handling or consumption of contaminated poultry meat is a key source of infection. Selective breeding of poultry that exhibit elevated resistance to Campylobacter is an attractive control strategy. Here we studied the global transcriptional response of inbred chicken lines that differ in resistance to C. jejuni colonisation at a key site of bacterial persistence. RESULTS Three-week-old chickens of line 61 and N were inoculated orally with C. jejuni strain M1 and caecal contents and tonsils were sampled at 1 and 5 days post-infection. Caecal colonisation was significantly lower in line 61 compared to line N at 1 day post-infection, but not 5 days post-infection. RNA-Seq analysis of caecal tonsils of both lines revealed a limited response to C. jejuni infection compared to age-matched uninfected controls. In line N at days 1 and 5 post-infection, just 8 and 3 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected (fold-change > 2 and false-discovery rate of < 0.05) relative to uninfected controls, respectively. In the relatively resistant line 61, a broader response to C. jejuni was observed, with 69 DEGs relating to immune regulation, cell signalling and metabolism at 1 day post-infection. However, by day 5 post-infection, no DEGs were detected. By far, the greatest number of DEGs were between uninfected birds of the two lines implying that differential resistance to C. jejuni is intrinsic. Of these genes, several Major Histocompatibility Complex class I-related genes (MHCIA1, MHCBL2 and MHCIY) and antimicrobial peptides (MUC2, AvBD10 and GZMA) were expressed to a greater extent in line N. Two genes within quantitative trait loci associated with C. jejuni colonisation were also more highly expressed in line N (ASIC4 and BZFP2). Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR analysis of a subset of transcripts confirmed the RNA-Seq results. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate a limited transcriptional response in the caecal tonsils of inbred chickens to intestinal colonisation by Campylobacter but identify a large number of differentially transcribed genes between lines 61 and N that may underlie variation in heritable resistance to C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay M Russell
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Jacqueline Smith
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Abi Bremner
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Cosmin Chintoan-Uta
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Androniki Psifidi
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Mark P Stevens
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
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12
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Vitkov L, Muñoz LE, Knopf J, Schauer C, Oberthaler H, Minnich B, Hannig M, Herrmann M. Connection between Periodontitis-Induced Low-Grade Endotoxemia and Systemic Diseases: Neutrophils as Protagonists and Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4647. [PMID: 33925019 PMCID: PMC8125370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is considered a promoter of many systemic diseases, but the signaling pathways of this interconnection remain elusive. Recently, it became evident that certain microbial challenges promote a heightened response of myeloid cell populations to subsequent infections either with the same or other pathogens. This phenomenon involves changes in the cell epigenetic and transcription, and is referred to as ''trained immunity''. It acts via modulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). A main modulation driver is the sustained, persistent low-level transmission of lipopolysaccharide from the periodontal pocket into the peripheral blood. Subsequently, the neutrophil phenotype changes and neutrophils become hyper-responsive and prone to boosted formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Cytotoxic neutrophil proteases and histones are responsible for ulcer formations on the pocket epithelium, which foster bacteremia and endoxemia. The latter promote systemic low-grade inflammation (SLGI), a precondition for many systemic diseases and some of them, e.g., atherosclerosis, diabetes etc., can be triggered by SLGI alone. Either reverting the polarized neutrophils back to the homeostatic state or attenuation of neutrophil hyper-responsiveness in periodontitis might be an approach to diminish or even to prevent systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubomir Vitkov
- Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.V.); (H.O.); (B.M.)
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Luis E. Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Christine Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Hannah Oberthaler
- Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.V.); (H.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Bernd Minnich
- Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.V.); (H.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
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13
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Masana L, Correig E, Ibarretxe D, Anoro E, Arroyo JA, Jericó C, Guerrero C, Miret ML, Näf S, Pardo A, Perea V, Pérez-Bernalte R, Plana N, Ramírez-Montesinos R, Royuela M, Soler C, Urquizu-Padilla M, Zamora A, Pedro-Botet J. Low HDL and high triglycerides predict COVID-19 severity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7217. [PMID: 33785815 PMCID: PMC8010012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are indispensable in the SARS-CoV-2 infection process. The clinical significance of plasma lipid profile during COVID-19 has not been rigorously evaluated. We aim to ascertain the association of the plasma lipid profile with SARS-CoV-2 infection clinical evolution. Observational cross-sectional study including 1411 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and an available standard lipid profile prior (n: 1305) or during hospitalization (n: 297). The usefulness of serum total, LDL, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol to predict the COVID-19 prognosis (severe vs mild) was analysed. Patients with severe COVID-19 evolution had lower HDL cholesterol and higher triglyceride levels before the infection. The lipid profile measured during hospitalization also showed that a severe outcome was associated with lower HDL cholesterol levels and higher triglycerides. HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were correlated with ferritin and D-dimer levels but not with CRP levels. The presence of atherogenic dyslipidaemia during the infection was strongly and independently associated with a worse COVID-19 infection prognosis. The low HDL cholesterol and high triglyceride concentrations measured before or during hospitalization are strong predictors of a severe course of the disease. The lipid profile should be considered as a sensitive marker of inflammation and should be measured in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Masana
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, LIPIDCAS, University Hospital Sant Joan, IISPV, CIBERDEM, C/. Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain.
| | - Eudald Correig
- Statistics Department, Institut Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Daiana Ibarretxe
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, LIPIDCAS, University Hospital Sant Joan, IISPV, CIBERDEM, C/. Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Eva Anoro
- LIPIDCAS, Pius Hospital Valls, Valls, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Arroyo
- Lipid Unit, University Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Jericó
- Lipid Unit, Hospital Moises Broggi, Consorci Sanitari Integral, Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Carolina Guerrero
- Internal Medicine Department, Terrasa Hospital, Consorci Sanitari Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel la Miret
- LIPIDCAS, Endocrinology Department, Hospital Verge de La Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Silvia Näf
- LIPIDCAS, Endocrinology Department, University Hospital Joan XXIII, IISPV. CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Pardo
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Delfos, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Núria Plana
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, LIPIDCAS, University Hospital Sant Joan, IISPV, CIBERDEM, C/. Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Meritxell Royuela
- Lipid Unit, ALTHAIA, Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria Urquizu-Padilla
- Lipid Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Zamora
- Lipid Unit, Corporació de Salut del Maresme I La Selva, Hospital de Blanes, Blanes, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro-Botet
- Lipid Unit, University Hospital del Mar, Barcelona Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain
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Feminò R, Feminò G, Cavezzi A, Troiani E. PCSK9 inhibition, LDL and lipopolysaccharides: a complex and "dangerous" relationship. INT ANGIOL 2021; 40:248-260. [PMID: 33739075 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-9590.21.04632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Literature concerning the causative factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease shows complex and sometimes contrasting evidence. Most guidelines suggest a strategy aimed at lowering circulating low density lipoproteins (LDL) and ApoB lipoprotein levels. The use of statins and of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors has led to a number of controversial outcomes, generating a certain degree of concern about the real efficacy and especially safety of these drugs. Literature data show that the use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors results in a dramatic reduction of various markers of lipid metabolism (namely LDL); however, several critical scientific papers have questioned the value, the need and especially the safety of these innovative drugs. LDL are a protective factor against lipopolysaccharides and other microbial derivatives. Similarly, these gram-negative bacteria-derived compounds have been identified as probable culprits of cardiovascular atherogenesis; moreover, lipopolysaccharides increase hepatic synthesis of PCSK9, as defense mechanism. This enzyme modulates LDL receptors level in the liver, as well as in other organs, such as adrenal gland and reproductive organs. Hence, PCSK9 inhibition may influence glucocorticoid secretion and fertility. Lastly, the consequent reduction of circulating LDL may relevantly hindrance immune system and favor lipopolysaccharides diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimondo Feminò
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of General and Specialist Surgeries, Polyclinic of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Feminò
- Division of Immunology, Euro Medical Center Srl, Florence, Italy
| | - Attilio Cavezzi
- Eurocenter Venalinfa, San Benedetto del Tronto, Ascoli Piceno, Italy -
| | - Emidio Troiani
- Unit of Cardiology, Social Security Institute, State Hospital, Cailungo, San Marino
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15
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An in vitro study on factors affecting endotoxin neutralization in human plasma using the Limulus amebocyte lysate test. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4192. [PMID: 33603020 PMCID: PMC7893160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin neutralization, caused by plasma components, makes it difficult to detect endotoxins in human blood. In this study, we investigated which factors influence the recovery of endotoxins using limulus ameobocyte lysate (LAL)-based assays. The individual factors that were examined in more detail were lipoprotein content, type of blood anticoagulation, kinetics and serum levels of divalent cations. Furthermore, it was investigated whether there is a direct correlation between LAL activity and monocyte activation. We could show that polyanionic heparin increases endotoxin recovery in blood, while citrate anticoagulation promotes endotoxin neutralization. Furthermore, we could show that the endotoxin activity in human plasma and serum decreases strongly over time. Time-dependent endotoxin neutralization reaches its maximum after 4–6 h incubation. By means of filtration tests we could determine that endotoxins in the plasma bind to lipoproteins but do not influence their activity. Comparative measurements have shown that high LAL activity of endotoxins in plasma simultaneously possesses high monocyte activating properties in whole blood. For the maximum recovery of endotoxins in human blood the physiological calcium and magnesium concentrations are sufficient. In this study, it was shown that the endotoxin neutralizing plasma components have a molecular weight similar to β2-microglobulin (11.7 kDa). For the exact identification of the endotoxin neutralizing plasma components, which caused a modulation of the immunostimulating endotoxin activity, further investigations have to be carried out in the future.
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16
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Bae SS, Chang LC, Merkin SS, Elashoff D, Ishigami J, Matsushita K, Charles-Schoeman C. Major Lipids and Future Risk of Pneumonia: 20-Year Observation of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Cohort. Am J Med 2021; 134:243-251.e2. [PMID: 32814017 PMCID: PMC7870521 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating lipids have been implicated as important modulators of immune response, and altered lipid levels correlate with the severity of infection. However, long-term prognostic implications of lipid levels regarding future infection risk remain unclear. The current project aims to explore whether baseline lipid levels are associated with risk of future serious infection, measured by hospitalization for pneumonia. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed in 13,478 participants selected from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, a large community-based longitudinal cohort in the United States with a median follow-up time of >20 years. First incident of hospitalization for pneumonia was identified through hospital discharge records. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association of baseline major lipid levels (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], triglycerides) with time to first pneumonia hospitalization. RESULTS A total of 1969 (14.61%) participants had a pneumonia hospitalization during a median follow-up time of 21.5 years. The hazard ratio (HR) for pneumonia hospitalization was 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.87-0.92) for every 10-mg/dL increase in baseline HDL-C, and 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.03) for every 10-mg/dL increase in baseline triglycerides. HDL-C and triglycerides both remained significant predictors of pneumonia hospitalization after multivariable adjustment. Such associations were not seen with baseline LDL-C or total cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION Lower baseline HDL-C and higher triglyceride levels were strongly associated with increased risk of long-term pneumonia hospitalization in a large longitudinal US cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Elashoff
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Junichi Ishigami
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Md
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, Md
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17
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Li Z, Kanitz E, Tuchscherer M, Tuchscherer A, Metges CC, Trakooljul N, Wimmers K, Murani E. A natural Ala610Val substitution causing glucocorticoid receptor hypersensitivity aggravates consequences of endotoxemia. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 90:174-183. [PMID: 32795657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the crucial role of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in proper immune responses, the effect of GR hypersensitivity on inflammation is rarely reported. To fill this knowledge gap, we exploited the natural gain-of-function substitution in the porcine glucocorticoid receptor (GRAla610Val) and challenged pigs carrying normal or hypersensitive GR using 50 µg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) following pretreatment with either saline or single bolus of 60 µg/kg dexamethasone (DEX). The GRAla610Val substitution reduced baseline cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and triglyceride concentration and granulocyte proportion whereas baseline platelet counts were elevated. Val-carriers, i.e. AlaVal as well as ValVal pigs, showed less LPS-induced cortisol rise but the cortisol fold change was similar in all genotypes. Differently, ACTH response to LPS was most significant in GRAla610Val heterozygotes (AlaVal). LPS-induced disorders, including sickness behaviors, anorexia, thrombocytopenia, cytokine production, and metabolic alterations were more intense in Val-carriers. On the other hand, Val-carriers were more sensitive to DEX effect than wild types (AlaAla) during endotoxemia, but not under unchallenged conditions. This is the first report revealing aggravated responses to endotoxemia by GR gain-of-function. Together, these results imply that GR hypersensitivity is difficult to diagnose but may represent a risk factor for endotoxemia and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ellen Kanitz
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Margret Tuchscherer
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Armin Tuchscherer
- Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia C Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
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18
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Horst EA, van den Brink LM, Mayorga EJ, Al-Qaisi M, Rodriguez-Jimenez S, Goetz BM, Abeyta MA, Kvidera SK, Caixeta LS, Rhoads RP, Baumgard LH. Evaluating acute inflammation's effects on hepatic triglyceride content in experimentally induced hyperlipidemic dairy cows in late lactation. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9620-9633. [PMID: 32773314 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation appears to be a predisposing factor and key component of hepatic steatosis in a variety of species. Objectives were to evaluate effects of inflammation [induced via intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion] on metabolism and liver lipid content in experimentally induced hyperlipidemic lactating cows. Cows (765 ± 32 kg of body weight; 273 ± 35 d in milk) were enrolled in 2 experimental periods (P); during P1 (5 d), baseline data were obtained. At the start of P2 (2 d), cows were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: (1) intralipid plus control (IL-CON; 3 mL of saline; n = 5) or (2) intralipid plus LPS (IL-LPS; 0.375 μg of LPS/kg of body weight; n = 5). Directly following intravenous bolus (saline or LPS) administration, intralipid (20% fat emulsion) was intravenously infused continuously (200 mL/h) for 16 h to induce hyperlipidemia during which feed was removed. Blood samples were collected at -0.5, 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 48 h relative to bolus administration, and liver biopsies were obtained on d 1 of P1 and at 16 and 48 h after the bolus. By experimental design (feed was removed during the first 16 h of d 1), dry matter intake decreased in both treatments on d 1 of P2, but the magnitude of reduction was greater in LPS cows. Dry matter intake of IL-LPS remained decreased on d 2 of P2, whereas IL-CON cows returned to baseline. Milk yield decreased in both treatments during P2, but the extent and duration was longer in LPS-infused cows. Administering LPS increased circulating LPS-binding protein (2-fold) at 8 h after bolus, after which it markedly decreased (84%) below baseline for the remainder of P2. Serum amyloid A concentrations progressively increased throughout P2 in IL-LPS cows (3-fold, relative to controls). Lipid infusion gradually increased nonesterified fatty acids and triglycerides in both treatments relative to baseline (3- and 2.5-fold, respectively). Interestingly, LPS infusion blunted the peak in nonesterified fatty acids, such that concentrations peaked (43%) higher in IL-CON compared with IL-LPS cows and heightened the increase in serum triglycerides (1.5-fold greater relative to controls). Liver fat content remained similar in IL-LPS relative to P1 at 16 h; however, hyperlipidemia alone (IL-CON) increased liver fat (36% relative to P1). No treatment differences in liver fat were observed at 48 h. In IL-LPS cows, circulating insulin increased markedly at 4 h after bolus (2-fold relative to IL-CON), and then gradually decreased during the 16 h of lipid infusion. Inducing inflammation with simultaneous hyperlipidemia altered the characteristic patterns of insulin and LPS-binding protein but did not cause fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | - B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - S K Kvidera
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - L S Caixeta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - R P Rhoads
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg 24061
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
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19
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Lucchinetti E, Lou PH, Wawrzyniak P, Wawrzyniak M, Scharl M, Holtzhauer GA, Krämer SD, Hersberger M, Rogler G, Zaugg M. Novel Strategies to Prevent Total Parenteral Nutrition-Induced Gut and Liver Inflammation, and Adverse Metabolic Outcomes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 65:e1901270. [PMID: 32359213 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a life-saving therapy administered to millions of patients. However, it is associated with significant adverse effects, namely liver injury, risk of infections, and metabolic derangements. In this review, the underlying causes of TPN-associated adverse effects, specifically gut atrophy, dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome, leakage of the epithelial barrier with bacterial invasion, and inflammation are first described. The role of the bile acid receptors farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor, of pleiotropic hormones, and growth factors is highlighted, and the mechanisms of insulin resistance, namely the lack of insulinotropic and insulinomimetic signaling of gut-originating incretins as well as the potentially toxicity of phytosterols and pro-inflammatory fatty acids mainly released from soybean oil-based lipid emulsions, are discussed. Finally, novel approaches in the design of next generation lipid delivery systems are proposed. Propositions include modifying the physicochemical properties of lipid emulsions, the use of lipid emulsions generated from sustainable oils with favorable ratios of anti-inflammatory n-3 to pro-inflammatory n-6 fatty acids, beneficial adjuncts to TPN, and concomitant pharmacotherapies to mitigate TPN-associated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Lucchinetti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Phing-How Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Gregory A Holtzhauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Michael Zaugg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
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20
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Hudson SB, Kluever BM, Webb AC, French SS. Steroid hormones, energetic state, and immunocompetence vary across reproductive contexts in a parthenogenetic lizard. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 288:113372. [PMID: 31866306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction is energetically expensive and investing in this life history trait is likely accompanied by significant changes in physiological activity. Investment strategy necessary for achieving reproductive success in reptiles can vary with reproductive form and pattern, potentiating different consequences for competing fitness-related traits such as those key to survival. The goal of this study was to assess if and how energetic state (i.e., energy metabolites) and self-maintenance (i.e., immunocompetence) are hormonally modulated across reproductive contexts in an oviparous, parthenogenetic lizard, the Colorado Checkered Whiptail Aspidoscelis neotesselata. Here blood plasma samples were collected from lizards within the US Army Fort Carson Military Installation near Colorado Springs, CO, USA, during seasons of reproductive activity (i.e., June) and inactivity (i.e., August). Measures of reproductive (i.e., estradiol) and energy-mobilizing (i.e., corticosterone) hormones, energy metabolites (i.e., glucose, triglycerides, and free glycerol), and innate immunity (i.e., bactericidal ability) were compared by season and reproductive stage. Levels of energy metabolites and bactericidal ability were compared to levels of E2 and CORT. Bactericidal ability was also compared to levels of energy metabolites. Corticosterone and glucose levels were lower during the reproductive season while triglyceride levels and bactericidal ability were higher, but both estradiol and free glycerol levels did not differ between seasons. Throughout vitellogenesis, corticosterone and glucose levels as well as bactericidal ability did not differ, but estradiol levels were higher during early and mid-stage and both triglyceride and free glycerol levels were lower during gravidity. Corticosterone levels were negatively associated with circulating triglycerides and bactericidal ability, but were not related to glucose nor free glycerol levels. Estradiol levels were positively associated with free glycerol levels and bactericidal ability, but were not related to glucose nor triglyceride levels. Finally, bactericidal ability was negatively associated with glucose, but positively associated with triglycerides. Differences in energetic state and immunocompetence are thus reflected by shifts in hormone secretion across reproductive investment. These findings provide partial support for the hypothesis that energetic state is differentially regulated by steroid hormones to afford reproduction, potentially at the cost of future survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Hudson
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA; Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322‑5205, USA.
| | - B M Kluever
- United States Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Directorate of Public Works, Environmental Division, Conservation Branch, Fort Carson, CO 80913, USA; United States Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Florida Field Station, Gainesville, FL 32641-6033, USA
| | - A C Webb
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA; Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322‑5205, USA
| | - S S French
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5205, USA; Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322‑5205, USA
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21
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Xenoulis PG, Cammarata PJ, Walzem RL, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in dogs with naturally occurring pancreatitis and healthy control dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:644-652. [PMID: 32012351 PMCID: PMC7097643 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported an association between hyperlipidemia and pancreatitis in dogs, but details of this association remain poorly defined. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To compare serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles between dogs with naturally occurring pancreatitis and healthy dogs. ANIMALS Seventeen dogs with a clinical diagnosis of pancreatitis (Group 1) and 53 healthy control dogs (Group 2). METHODS Prospective case-control study. RESULTS In Group 1, 3/17 dogs (18%) had hypertriglyceridemia whereas in Group 2, 4/53 dogs (7.5%) had hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio [OR], 2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-13.14; P = .35). A significant difference was found in serum triglyceride concentrations between Group 1 (median, 67 mg/dL) and Group 2 (median, 54 mg/dL; P = .002). In Group 1, 4/17 dogs (24%) had hypercholesterolemia, whereas 1/53 (1.9%) dogs in Group 2 had hypercholesterolemia (OR, 16; 95% CI, 1.64-155.5; P = .01). No significant difference was found in serum cholesterol concentrations between Group 1 (median, 209 mg/dL) and Group 2 (median, 227 mg/dL; P = .56). Lipoprotein profiles were significantly different between Group 1 and Group 2 dogs (Eigenvalues, 0.6719; R2 = 1.0; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Most dogs with pancreatitis (>70%) had serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations within reference intervals. In the small percentage of dogs that had hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, or both, increases were mild. Important differences were identified in lipoprotein profiles between dogs with pancreatitis and healthy control dogs. Dogs with pancreatitis had higher low-density lipoprotein fractions and lower triglyceride-rich lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein fractions than healthy dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Xenoulis
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Paul J Cammarata
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Rosemary L Walzem
- Department of Poultry Science and Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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22
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Moludi J, Maleki V, Jafari‐Vayghyan H, Vaghef‐Mehrabany E, Alizadeh M. Metabolic endotoxemia and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review about potential roles of prebiotics and probiotics. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:927-939. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Moludi
- School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center Imam Reza Hospital Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Vaghef‐Mehrabany
- Nutrition Research Center Faculty of Nutrition Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Nutrition Research Center Faculty of Nutrition Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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23
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Abraham S, Premnath A, Arunima PR, Kassim RM. Critical Appraisal of Bidirectional Relationship between Periodontitis and Hyperlipidemia. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2019; 9:112-118. [PMID: 31058060 PMCID: PMC6489519 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_316_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia are both multifactorial disease with a high prevalence Worldwide. Cross-sectional and longitudinal prospective clinical studies show some evidence for a bidirectional relationship. Periodontitis and hyperlipidemia share some common risk factors and there exist a mechanistic link between both. Studies have found a positive response to periodontal therapy among hyperlipidemic patients, and statin use by hyperlipidemic patients has shown to influence the periodontal health. However, in spite of the rising prevalence of both diseases, many people remain unaware of their association with each other. Hence, this article summarizes the cyclic relationship between periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seba Abraham
- Department of Periodontology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Arya Premnath
- Department of Periodontology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - P. R. Arunima
- Department of Periodontology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Reejamol Mohammed Kassim
- Department of Periodontology, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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24
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Correlated response to selection for litter size environmental variability in rabbits' resilience. Animal 2019; 13:2348-2355. [PMID: 30806348 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Resilience is the ability of an animal to return soon to its initial productivity after facing diverse environmental challenges. This trait is directly related to animal welfare and it plays a key role in fluctuations of livestock productivity. A divergent selection experiment for environmental variance of litter size has been performed successfully in rabbits over ten generations. The objective of this study was to analyse resilience indicators of stress and disease in the divergent lines of this experiment. The high line showed a lower survival rate at birth than the low line (-4.1%). After correcting by litter size, the difference was -3.2%. Involuntary culling rate was higher in the high than in the low line (+12.4%). Before vaccination against viral haemorrhagic disease or myxomatosis, concentration of lymphocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), complement C3, serum bilirubin, triglycerides and cholesterol were higher in the high line than in the low line (difference between lines +4.5%, +5.6 µg/ml, +4.6 mg/ml, +7.9 mmol/l, +0.3 mmol/l and +0.4 mmol/l). Immunological and biochemical responses to the two vaccines were similar. After vaccination, the percentage of lymphocytes and CRP concentration were higher in the low line than in the high one (difference between lines +4.0% and +13.1 µg/ml). The low line also showed a higher increment in bilirubin and triglycerides than the high line (+14.2 v. +8.7 mmol/l for bilirubin and +0.11 v. +0.01 mmol/l for triglycerides); these results would agree with the protective role of bilirubin and triglycerides against the larger inflammatory response found in this line. In relation to stress, the high line had higher basal concentration of cortisol than the low line (+0.2ng/ml); the difference between lines increased more than threefold after the injection of ACTH 1 to 24, the increase being greater in the high line (+0.9 ng/ml) than in the low line (+0.4 ng/ml). Selection for divergent environmental variability of litter size leads to dams with different culling rate for reproductive causes and different kits' neonatal survival. These associations suggest that the observed fitness differences are related to differences in the inflammatory response and the corticotrope response to stress, which are two important components of physiological adaptation to environmental aggressions.
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25
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Bagdade JD, Jilma B, Hudgins LC, Alaupovic P, McCurdy CE. LpA-II:B:C:D:E: a new immunochemically-defined acute phase lipoprotein in humans. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:127. [PMID: 29807532 PMCID: PMC5972402 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0769-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies of lipoproteins in patients with sepsis have been performed on density fractions isolated by conventional ultracentrifugation that are heterogeneous and provide no information about the cargo of apoproteins present in the immunochemically distinct subclasses that populate the density classes. Since apoproteins are now known to have important roles in host defense, we have separated these subclasses according to their apoprotein content and characterized their changes during experimental endotoxemia in human volunteers. Methods We have studied apoB- and apoA containing lipoprotein subclasses in twelve healthy male volunteers before and for 8 h after a single dose of endotoxin (ET; 2 μg/kg) to stimulate inflammation. Results After endotoxin, TG, TC, apoB and the apoB-containing lipoprotein cholesterol-rich subclass LpB and two of the three triglyceride-rich subclasses (TGRLP: Lp:B:C, LpB:C:E+ LpB:E) all declined. In contrast, the third TGRLP, LpA-II:B:C:D:E (“complex particle”), after reaching a nadir at 4 h rose 49% above baseline, p = .006 at 8 h and became the dominant particle in the TGRLP pool. This increment exceeds the threshold of > 25% change required for designation as an acute phase protein. Simultaneous decreases in LpA-I:A-II and LpB:C:E + LpB:E suggest that these subclasses undergo post-translational modification and contribute to the formation of new LpA-II:B:C:D:E particles. Conclusions We have identified a new acute phase lipoprotein whose apoprotein constituents have metabolic and immunoregulatory properties applicable to host defense that make it well constituted to engage in the APR.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Bagdade
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, 122c Esslinger Hall, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa C Hudgins
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and the Rogosin Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Petar Alaupovic
- Lipid and Lipoprotein Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, 122c Esslinger Hall, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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26
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Herbert KE, Erridge C. Regulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by intestinal inflammation and the acute phase response. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 114:226-232. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractSystemic inflammation, induced by disease or experimental intervention, is well established to result in elevated levels of circulating triglycerides, and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), in most mammalian species. However, the relationship between inflammation and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations is less clear. Most reports indicate that systemic inflammation, as observed during sepsis or following high dose experimental endotoxaemia, lowers total, and LDL-C in man. However, isolated reports have suggested that certain inflammatory conditions are associated with increased LDL-C. In this review, we summarize the emerging evidence that low-grade inflammation specifically of intestinal origin may be associated with increased serum LDL-C levels. Preliminary insights into potential mechanisms that may mediate these effects, including those connecting inflammation to trans-intestinal cholesterol efflux (TICE), are considered. We conclude that this evidence supports the potential downregulation of major mediators of TICE by inflammatory mediators in vitro and during intestinal inflammation in vivo. The TICE-inflammation axis therefore merits further study in terms of its potential to regulate serum LDL-C, and as a readily druggable target for hypercholesterolaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl E Herbert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Groby Road, Leicester, Leicestershire, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Clett Erridge
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Groby Road, Leicester, Leicestershire, LE3 9QP, UK
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, East Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB1 1PT, UK
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27
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Harvald EB, Sprenger RR, Dall KB, Ejsing CS, Nielsen R, Mandrup S, Murillo AB, Larance M, Gartner A, Lamond AI, Færgeman NJ. Multi-omics Analyses of Starvation Responses Reveal a Central Role for Lipoprotein Metabolism in Acute Starvation Survival in C. elegans. Cell Syst 2017; 5:38-52.e4. [PMID: 28734827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Starvation causes comprehensive metabolic changes, which are still not fully understood. Here, we used quantitative proteomics and RNA sequencing to examine the temporal starvation responses in wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans and animals lacking the transcription factor HLH-30. Our findings show that starvation alters the abundance of hundreds of proteins and mRNAs in a temporal manner, many of which are involved in central metabolic pathways, including lipoprotein metabolism. We demonstrate that premature death of hlh-30 animals under starvation can be prevented by knockdown of either vit-1 or vit-5, encoding two different lipoproteins. We further show that the size and number of intestinal lipid droplets under starvation are altered in hlh-30 animals, which can be rescued by knockdown of vit-1. Taken together, this indicates that survival of hlh-30 animals under starvation is closely linked to regulation of intestinal lipid stores. We provide the most detailed poly-omic analysis of starvation responses to date, which serves as a resource for further mechanistic studies of starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bang Harvald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Richard R Sprenger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Brændgaard Dall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Christer S Ejsing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ronni Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Alejandro Brenes Murillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Mark Larance
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, UK
| | - Anton Gartner
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, UK
| | - Angus I Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, UK
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
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28
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Mc Auley MT, Mooney KM. LDL-C levels in older people: Cholesterol homeostasis and the free radical theory of ageing converge. Med Hypotheses 2017; 104:15-19. [PMID: 28673574 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increases with age, up until the midpoint of life in males and females. However, LDL-C can decrease with age in older men and women. Intriguingly, a recent systematic review also revealed an inverse association between LDL-C levels and cardiovascular mortality in older people; low levels of LDL-C were associated with reduced risk of mortality. Such findings are puzzling and require a biological explanation. In this paper a hypothesis is proposed to explain these observations. We hypothesize that the free radical theory of ageing (FRTA) together with disrupted cholesterol homeostasis can account for these observations. Based on this hypothesis, dysregulated hepatic cholesterol homeostasis in older people is characterised by two distinct metabolic states. The first state accounts for an older person who has elevated plasma LDL-C. This state is underpinned by the FRTA which suggests there is a decrease in cellular antioxidant capacity with age. This deficiency enables hepatic reactive oxidative species (ROS) to induce the total activation of HMG-CoA reductase, the key rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. An increase in cholesterol synthesis elicits a corresponding rise in LDL-C, due to the downregulation of LDL receptor synthesis, and increased production of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). In the second state of dysregulation, ROS also trigger the total activation of HMG-CoA reductase. However, due to an age associated decrease in the activity of cholesterol-esterifying enzyme, acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase, there is restricted conversion of excess free cholesterol (FC) to cholesterol esters. Consequently, the secretion of VLDL-C drops, and there is a corresponding decrease in LDL-C. As intracellular levels of FC accumulate, this state progresses to a pathophysiological condition akin to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It is our conjecture this deleterious state has the potential to account for the inverse association between LDL-C level and CVD risk observed in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Mc Auley
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Thornton Science Park, University of Chester, CH2 4NU, UK.
| | - Kathleen M Mooney
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK
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Lipid testing in infectious diseases: possible role in diagnosis and prognosis. Infection 2017; 45:575-588. [PMID: 28484991 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-017-1022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute infections lead to significant alterations in metabolic regulation including lipids and lipoproteins, which play a central role in the host immune response. In this regard, several studies have investigated the role of lipid levels as a marker of infection severity and prognosis. SCOPE OF REVIEW We review here the role of lipids in immune response and the potential mechanisms underneath. Moreover, we summarize studies on lipid and lipoprotein alterations in acute bacterial, viral and parasitic infections as well as their diagnostic and prognostic significance. Chronic infections (HIV, HBV, HCV) are also considered. RESULTS All lipid parameters have been found to be significantly dearranged during acute infection. Common lipid alterations in this setting include a decrease of total cholesterol levels and an increase in the concentration of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, mainly very low-density lipoproteins. Also, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B levels decrease. These lipid alterations may have prognostic and diagnostic role in certain infections. CONCLUSION Lipid testing may be of help to assess response to treatment in septic patients and those with various acute infections (such as pneumonia, leptospirosis and others). Diagnostically, new onset of altered lipid levels should prompt the clinician to test for underlying infection (such as leishmaniasis).
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TNF-α decreases lipoprotein lipase activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by up-regulation of angiopoietin-like protein 4. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:533-540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rahman MS, Murphy AJ, Woollard KJ. Effects of dyslipidaemia on monocyte production and function in cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2017; 14:387-400. [PMID: 28300081 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are heterogeneous effector cells involved in the maintenance and restoration of tissue integrity. Monocytes and macrophages are involved in cardiovascular disease progression, and are associated with the development of unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Hyperlipidaemia can accelerate cardiovascular disease progression. However, monocyte responses to hyperlipidaemia are poorly understood. In the past decade, accumulating data describe the relationship between the dynamic blood lipid environment and the heterogeneous circulating monocyte pool, which might have profound consequences for cardiovascular disease. In this Review, we explore the updated view of monocytes in cardiovascular disease and their relationship with macrophages in promoting the homeostatic and inflammatory responses related to atherosclerosis. We describe the different definitions of dyslipidaemia, highlight current theories on the ontogeny of monocyte heterogeneity, discuss how dyslipidaemia might alter monocyte production, and explore the mechanistic interface linking dyslipidaemia with monocyte effector functions, such as migration and the inflammatory response. Finally, we discuss the role of dietary and endogenous lipid species in mediating dyslipidaemic responses, and the role of these lipids in promoting the risk of cardiovascular disease through modulation of monocyte behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Shamim Rahman
- Renal &Vascular Inflammation Section, Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Lab, Baker IDI Heart &Diabetes Research Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Kevin J Woollard
- Renal &Vascular Inflammation Section, Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Kelly RS, Croteau-Chonka DC, Dahlin A, Mirzakhani H, Wu AC, Wan ES, McGeachie MJ, Qiu W, Sordillo JE, Al-Garawi A, Gray KJ, McElrath TF, Carey VJ, Clish CB, Litonjua AA, Weiss ST, Lasky-Su JA. Integration of metabolomic and transcriptomic networks in pregnant women reveals biological pathways and predictive signatures associated with preeclampsia. Metabolomics 2017; 13:7. [PMID: 28596717 PMCID: PMC5458629 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide, yet its exact pathogenesis remains elusive. OBJECTIVES This study, nested within the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART), aimed to develop integrated omics models of preeclampsia that have utility in both prediction and in the elucidation of underlying biological mechanisms. METHODS Metabolomic profiling was performed on first trimester plasma samples of 47 pregnant women from VDAART who subsequently developed preeclampsia and 62 controls with healthy pregnancies, using liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry. Metabolomic profiles were generated based on logistic regression models and assessed using Received Operator Characteristic Curve analysis. These profiles were compared to profiles from generated using third trimester samples. The first trimester metabolite profile was then integrated with a pre-existing transcriptomic profile using network methods. RESULTS In total, 72 (0.9%) metabolite features were associated (p<0.01) with preeclampsia after adjustment for maternal age, race, and gestational age. These features had moderate to good discriminatory ability; in ROC curve analyses a summary score based on these features displayed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.794 (95%CI 0.700, 0.888). This profile retained the ability to distinguish preeclamptic from healthy pregnancies in the third trimester (AUC:0.762 (95% CI 0.663, 0.860)). Additionally, metabolite set enrichment analysis identified common pathways, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, at the two time-points. Integration with the transcriptomic signature refined these results suggesting a particular role for lipid imbalance, immune function and the circulatory system. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest it is possible to develop a predictive metabolomic profile of preeclampsia. This profile is characterized by changes in lipid and amino acid metabolism and dysregulation of immune response and can be refined through interaction with transcriptomic data. However validation in larger and more diverse populations is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Kelly
- Channing Department of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Damien C. Croteau-Chonka
- Channing Department of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amber Dahlin
- Channing Department of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hooman Mirzakhani
- Channing Department of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ann C. Wu
- Channing Department of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emily S. Wan
- Channing Department of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J. McGeachie
- Channing Department of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Weiliang Qiu
- Channing Department of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joanne E. Sordillo
- Channing Department of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amal Al-Garawi
- Channing Department of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Gray
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas F. McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vincent J. Carey
- Channing Department of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Augusto A. Litonjua
- Channing Department of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Channing Department of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica A. Lasky-Su
- Channing Department of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Orikiiriza J, Surowiec I, Lindquist E, Bonde M, Magambo J, Muhinda C, Bergström S, Trygg J, Normark J. Lipid response patterns in acute phase paediatric Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Metabolomics 2017; 13:41. [PMID: 28286460 PMCID: PMC5323494 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-017-1174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have observed serum lipid changes during malaria infection in humans. All of them were focused at analysis of lipoproteins, not specific lipid molecules. The aim of our study was to identify novel patterns of lipid species in malaria infected patients using lipidomics profiling, to enhance diagnosis of malaria and to evaluate biochemical pathways activated during parasite infection. METHODS Using a multivariate characterization approach, 60 samples were representatively selected, 20 from each category (mild, severe and controls) of the 690 study participants between age of 0.5-6 years. Lipids from patient's plasma were extracted with chloroform/methanol mixture and subjected to lipid profiling with application of the LCMS-QTOF method. RESULTS We observed a structured plasma lipid response among the malaria-infected patients as compared to healthy controls, demonstrated by higher levels of a majority of plasma lipids with the exception of even-chain length lysophosphatidylcholines and triglycerides with lower mass and higher saturation of the fatty acid chains. An inverse lipid profile relationship was observed when plasma lipids were correlated to parasitaemia. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates how mapping the full physiological lipid response in plasma from malaria-infected individuals can be used to understand biochemical processes during infection. It also gives insights to how the levels of these molecules relate to acute immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Orikiiriza
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, 8 Ireland
- Rwanda Military Hospital, P.O. Box: 3377, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Izabella Surowiec
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mari Bonde
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Magambo
- Rwanda Military Hospital, P.O. Box: 3377, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Charles Muhinda
- Rwanda Military Hospital, P.O. Box: 3377, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Immmunology and Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sven Bergström
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Microbial Research, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Trygg
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Normark
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Microbial Research, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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van Bergenhenegouwen J, Kraneveld AD, Rutten L, Garssen J, Vos AP, Hartog A. Lipoproteins attenuate TLR2 and TLR4 activation by bacteria and bacterial ligands with differences in affinity and kinetics. BMC Immunol 2016; 17:42. [PMID: 27793087 PMCID: PMC5086051 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-016-0180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The small intestine is a specialized compartment were close interactions take place between host, microbes, food antigens and dietary fatty acids. Dietary fats get absorbed by epithelial cells and processed into a range of lipoprotein particles after which they are basolaterally secreted and collected in the lymphatics. In contrast to the colon, the small intestine is covered only by a thin mucus coat that allows for intimate interactions between host-cells and microbes. Lipoproteins have long been recognized as protective factors in infectious diseases via the neutralization of bacterial toxins like lipopolysaccharides. Much less attention has been given to the potential role of lipoproteins as factors contributing to the maintenance of small intestinal immune homeostasis via modulating bacteria-induced immune responses. Results Lipoproteins VLDL, LDL and HDL were found to neutralize TLR responses towards specific TLR-ligands or a selection of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Attenuation of TLR2 activity was acute and only slightly improved by longer pre-incubation times of ligands and lipoproteins with no differences between bacterial-lipopeptides or bacteria. In contrast, attenuation of TLR4 responses was only observed after extensive preincubation of lipoproteins and LPS. Preincubation of bacteria and lipoproteins led only to a modest attenuation of TLR4 activity. Moreover, compared to TLR2, TLR4 activity could only be attenuated by lipoproteins over a small ligand dose range. Conclusions These results demonstrate the ability of lipoproteins VLDL, LDL and HDL to inhibit TLR responses towards bacterial-ligands and bacteria. Presence of lipoproteins was found to modulate the MAMP-induced cytokine release by primary human monocytes measured as changes in the release of IL-6, TNFα, GM-CSF and IFNγ. Using TLR2 and TLR4-reporter cells, lipoproteins were found to inhibit TLR responses with differences in affinity and kinetics. These data establish a role for lipoproteins as immunoregulatory molecules, attenuating TLR-responses and thereby positively contributing to mucosal homeostasis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-016-0180-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen van Bergenhenegouwen
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johan Garssen
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anita Hartog
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Shen CC, Yang AC, Hung JH, Hu LY, Chiang YY, Tsai SJ. Risk of psychiatric disorders following pelvic inflammatory disease: a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2016; 37:6-11. [PMID: 26821967 DOI: 10.3109/0167482x.2015.1124852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) a common infection in women that is associated with significant morbidity and is a major cause of infertility. A clear temporal causal relationship between PID and psychiatric disorders has not been well established. We used a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study to explore the relationship between PID and the subsequent development of psychiatric disorders. We identified subjects who were newly diagnosed with PID between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2002 in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A comparison cohort was constructed for patients without PID. A total of 21 930 PID and 21 930 matched control patients were observed until diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, or until death, withdrawal from the NHI system, or until 31 December 2009. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and sleep disorder in subjects with PID were significantly higher (HR: 2.671, 2.173, 2.006 and 2.251, respectively) than that of the controls during the follow-up. PID may increase the risk of subsequent newly diagnosed bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and sleep disorder, which will impair life quality. Our findings highlight that clinicians should pay particular attention to psychiatric comorbidities in PID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Che Shen
- a Department of Psychiatry , Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Chiayi , Taiwan .,b Department of Information Management , National Chung-Cheng University , Chiayi , Taiwan .,c School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Albert C Yang
- c School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan .,d Department of Psychiatry , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Hsiu Hung
- e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Hu
- d Department of Psychiatry , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan .,f Department of Psychiatry , Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan , and
| | - Yung-Yen Chiang
- g Department of Dental Technology and Materials , Science Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- c School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan .,d Department of Psychiatry , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
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Xiao X, Yeoh BS, Saha P, Olvera RA, Singh V, Vijay-Kumar M. Lipocalin 2 alleviates iron toxicity by facilitating hypoferremia of inflammation and limiting catalytic iron generation. Biometals 2016; 29:451-65. [PMID: 27007712 PMCID: PMC4880510 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential transition metal ion for virtually all aerobic organisms, yet its dysregulation (iron overload or anemia) is a harbinger of many pathologic conditions. Hence, iron homeostasis is tightly regulated to prevent the generation of catalytic iron (CI) which can damage cellular biomolecules. In this study, we investigated the role of iron-binding/trafficking innate immune protein, lipocalin 2 (Lcn2, aka siderocalin) on iron and CI homeostasis using Lcn2 knockout (KO) mice and their WT littermates. Administration of iron either systemically or via dietary intake strikingly upregulated Lcn2 in the serum, urine, feces, and liver of WT mice. However, similarly-treated Lcn2KO mice displayed elevated CI, augmented lipid peroxidation and other indices of organ damage markers, implicating that Lcn2 responses may be protective against iron-induced toxicity. Herein, we also show a negative association between serum Lcn2 and CI in the murine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The inability of DSS-treated Lcn2KO mice to elicit hypoferremic response to acute colitis, implicates the involvement of Lcn2 in iron homeostasis during inflammation. Using bone marrow chimeras, we further show that Lcn2 derived from both immune and non-immune cells participates in CI regulation. Remarkably, exogenous rec-Lcn2 supplementation suppressed CI levels in Lcn2KO serum and urine. Collectively, our results suggest that Lcn2 may facilitate hypoferremia, suppress CI generation and prevent iron-mediated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Piu Saha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Rodrigo Aguilera Olvera
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Boisramé-Helms J, Toti F, Hasselmann M, Meziani F. Lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition in critical illness. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 60:1-16. [PMID: 26416578 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Critical illness is a life-threatening multisystem process that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. In most patients, critical illness is preceded by a physiological deterioration, characterized by a catabolic state and intense metabolic changes, resulting in malnutrition and impaired immune functions. In this context, parenteral lipid emulsions may modulate inflammatory and immune reactions, depending on their fatty acid composition. These effects appear to be based on complex modifications in the composition and structure of cell membranes, through eicosanoid and cytokine synthesis and by modulation of gene expression. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these fatty acid-induced immune function alterations in critical ill patients are however complex and partially understood. Indeed, despite a very abundant literature, experimental and clinical data remain contradictory. The optimization of lipid emulsion composition thus represents a major challenge for clinical medicine, to adequately modulate the inflammatory pathways. In the present review, we first address the metabolic response to aggression, the effects of parenteral lipid emulsions on inflammation and immunity, and finally the controversial place of these lipid emulsions during critical illness. The analysis furthermore highlights the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the differential effects of lipid emulsions and their potential for improving the handling of critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boisramé-Helms
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA 7293, Faculté de médecine, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Florence Toti
- UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Michel Hasselmann
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ferhat Meziani
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, EA 7293, Faculté de médecine, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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Prognostic Implications of Serum Lipid Metabolism over Time during Sepsis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:789298. [PMID: 26351639 PMCID: PMC4553311 DOI: 10.1155/2015/789298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background. Despite extensive research and an improved standard of care, sepsis remains a disorder with a high mortality rate. Sepsis is accompanied by severe metabolic alterations. Methods. We evaluated 117 patients with sepsis (severe sepsis [n = 19] and septic shock [n = 98]) who were admitted to the intensive care unit. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), free fatty acid (FFA), and apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I levels were measured on days 0, 1, 3, and 7. Results. Nonsurvivors had low levels of cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL, and Apo A-I on days 0, 1, 3, and 7. In a linear mixed model analysis, the variations in TG, LDL, FFA, and Apo A-I levels over time differed significantly between the groups (p = 0.043, p = 0.020, p = 0.005, and p = 0.015, resp.). According to multivariate analysis, TG levels and SOFA scores were associated with mortality on days 0 and 1 (p = 0.018 and p = 0.008, resp.). Conclusions. Our study illustrated that TG levels are associated with mortality in patients with sepsis. This may be attributable to alterations in serum lipid metabolism during sepsis, thus modulating the host response to inflammation in critically ill patients.
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van Dijk G, van Heijningen S, Reijne AC, Nyakas C, van der Zee EA, Eisel ULM. Integrative neurobiology of metabolic diseases, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:173. [PMID: 26041981 PMCID: PMC4434977 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, multifactorial disease with a number of leading mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to amyloid β peptide, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, relocalization, and deposition. These mechanisms are propagated by obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Stress, sedentariness, dietary overconsumption of saturated fat and refined sugars, and circadian derangements/disturbed sleep contribute to obesity and related metabolic diseases, but also accelerate age-related damage and senescence that all feed the risk of developing AD too. The complex and interacting mechanisms are not yet completely understood and will require further analysis. Instead of investigating AD as a mono- or oligocausal disease we should address the disease by understanding the multiple underlying mechanisms and how these interact. Future research therefore might concentrate on integrating these by “systems biology” approaches, but also to regard them from an evolutionary medicine point of view. The current review addresses several of these interacting mechanisms in animal models and compares them with clinical data giving an overview about our current knowledge and puts them into an integrated framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertjan van Dijk
- Department Behavioural Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Steffen van Heijningen
- Department Behavioural Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Aaffien C Reijne
- Department Behavioural Neuroscience, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands ; Systems Biology Centre for Energy Metabolism and Ageing, University Medical Center, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Csaba Nyakas
- Department Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eddy A van der Zee
- Department Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands ; University Centre of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
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In Vivo Molecular Responses of Fast and Slow Muscle Fibers to Lipopolysaccharide in a Teleost Fish, the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). BIOLOGY 2015; 4:67-87. [PMID: 25658438 PMCID: PMC4381218 DOI: 10.3390/biology4010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The physiological consequences of the activation of the immune system in skeletal muscle in fish are not completely understood. To study the consequences of the activation of the immune system by bacterial pathogens on skeletal muscle function, we administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an active component of Gram-negative bacteria, in rainbow trout and performed transcriptomic and proteomic analyses in skeletal muscle. We examined changes in gene expression in fast and slow skeletal muscle in rainbow trout at 24 and 72 h after LPS treatment (8 mg/kg) by microarray analysis. At the transcriptional level, we observed important changes in metabolic, mitochondrial and structural genes in fast and slow skeletal muscle. In slow skeletal muscle, LPS caused marked changes in the expression of genes related to oxidative phosphorylation, while in fast skeletal muscle LPS administration caused major changes in the expression of genes coding for glycolytic enzymes. We also evaluated the effects of LPS administration on the fast skeletal muscle proteome and identified 14 proteins that were differentially induced in LPS-treated trout, primarily corresponding to glycolytic enzymes. Our results evidence a robust and tissue-specific response of skeletal muscle to an acute inflammatory challenge, affecting energy utilization and possibly growth in rainbow trout.
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DiGiandomenico A, Veach RA, Zienkiewicz J, Moore DJ, Wylezinski LS, Hutchens MA, Hawiger J. The "genomic storm" induced by bacterial endotoxin is calmed by a nuclear transport modifier that attenuates localized and systemic inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110183. [PMID: 25329889 PMCID: PMC4203769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent microbial virulence factor that can trigger production of proinflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of localized and systemic inflammation. Importantly, the role of nuclear transport of stress responsive transcription factors in this LPS-generated "genomic storm" remains largely undefined. We developed a new nuclear transport modifier (NTM) peptide, cell-penetrating cSN50.1, which targets nuclear transport shuttles importin α5 and importin β1, to analyze its effect in LPS-induced localized (acute lung injury) and systemic (lethal endotoxic shock) murine inflammation models. We analyzed a human genome database to match 46 genes that encode cytokines, chemokines and their receptors with transcription factors whose nuclear transport is known to be modulated by NTM. We then tested the effect of cSN50.1 peptide on proinflammatory gene expression in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated with LPS. This NTM suppressed a proinflammatory transcriptome of 37 out of 84 genes analyzed, without altering expression of housekeeping genes or being cytotoxic. Consistent with gene expression analysis in primary macrophages, plasma levels of 23 out of 26 LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were significantly attenuated in a murine model of LPS-induced systemic inflammation (lethal endotoxic shock) while the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10, was enhanced. This anti-inflammatory reprogramming of the endotoxin-induced genomic response was accompanied by complete protection against lethal endotoxic shock with prophylactic NTM treatment, and 75% protection when NTM was first administered after LPS exposure. In a murine model of localized lung inflammation caused by direct airway exposure to LPS, expression of cytokines and chemokines in the bronchoalveolar space was suppressed with a concomitant reduction of neutrophil trafficking. Thus, calming the LPS-triggered "genomic storm" by modulating nuclear transport with cSN50.1 peptide attenuates the systemic inflammatory response associated with lethal shock as well as localized lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio DiGiandomenico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Ruth Ann Veach
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Moore
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lukasz S. Wylezinski
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Martha A. Hutchens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jacek Hawiger
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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Vergès B, Duvillard L, Lagrost L, Vachoux C, Garret C, Bouyer K, Courtney M, Pomié C, Burcelin R. Changes in lipoprotein kinetics associated with type 2 diabetes affect the distribution of lipopolysaccharides among lipoproteins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1245-53. [PMID: 24694333 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are inflammatory components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and, in plasma, are mostly associated with lipoproteins. This association is thought to promote their catabolism while reducing their proinflammatory effects. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to determine the impact of lipoprotein kinetics on plasma LPS distribution and how it may affect patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DESIGN We performed a kinetic study in 30 individuals (16 T2DM patients, 14 controls) and analyzed the impact of changes in lipoprotein kinetics on LPS distribution among lipoproteins. RESULTS Plasma LPS levels in T2DM patients were not different from those in controls, but LPS distribution in the two groups was different. Patients with T2DM had higher LPS-very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL; 31% ± 7% vs 22% ± 11%, P = .002), LPS-high-density lipoprotein (HDL; 29% ± 9% vs 19% ± 10%, P = .015), free (nonlipoprotein bound) LPS (10% ± 4% vs 7% ± 4%, P = .043) and lower LPS-low-density lipoprotein (LDL; 30% ± 13% vs 52% ± 16%, P = .001). In multivariable analysis, VLDL-LPS was associated with HDL-LPS (P < .0001); LDL-LPS was associated with VLDL-LPS (P = .004), and VLDL apolipoprotein (apo) B100 catabolism (P = .002); HDL-LPS was associated with free LPS (P < .0001) and VLDL-LPS (P = .033); free LPS was associated with HDL-LPS (P < .0001). In a patient featuring a dramatic decrease in VLDL catabolism due to apoA-V mutation, LDL-LPS was severely decreased (0.044 EU/mL vs 0.788 EU/mL in controls). The difference between T2DM patients and controls for LDL-LPS fraction was no longer significant after controlling for VLDL apoB100 total fractional catabolic rate. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that in humans, free LPS transfers first to HDL and then to VLDL, whereas the LPS-bound LDL fraction is mainly derived from VLDL catabolism; the latter may hence represent a LPS catabolic pathway. T2DM patients show lower LDL-LPS secondary to reduced VLDL catabolism, which may represent an impaired catabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vergès
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology (B.V.), University-Hospital, and INSERM CRI 866 (B.V., L.D., L.L.), Medicine University, 21000 Dijon, France; INSERM Unité 1048 (C.V., C.G., C.P., R.B.), Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires de Rangueil (I2MC), 31432 Toulouse, France; and VAIOMER SAS (K.B., M.C.), 31670 Labège, France
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Bang CS, Yoon JH, Kim YJ, Kim JB, Baik GH, Suk KT, Kim YS, Kim DJ. Clinical impact of body mass index on bactibilia and bacteremia. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:104. [PMID: 24902609 PMCID: PMC4073193 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and infected bile or bacteremia in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis. Methods Authors analyzed the medical records of 139 patients who had undergone cholecystectomy for the treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis from January 2007 to June 2013 in a single teaching hospital. Association of body mass index (BMI) with bactibilia and bacteremia was assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Clinical findings and biliary infection related data were recorded for the following variables: gender, age, alcohol and smoking history, the results of blood and bile cultures, cholesterolosis, diabetes, hypertension, and duration of the hospital stay. Results The microbial culture rate of bactibilia and bacteremia were 50.4% and 21.6%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, bacteremia was associated with bactibilia (OR: 4.33, p = 0.002). In the multivariate analysis for the risk factors of bactibilia, BMI and bacteremia were related with bactibilia (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.84, p = 0.003) (OR: 3.32, 95% CI: 1.22-9, p = 0.02). In the multivariate analysis for the risk factors of bacteremia, BMI, bactibilia and age were related with bacteremia (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.99, p = 0.04) (OR: 3.46, 95% CI: 1.27-9.45, p = 0.02) (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09, p = 0.02). Conclusion In this retrospective study, BMI was inversely correlated with bacteremia or bactibilia, which means obese or overweight patients are less likely to be associated with bacteremia or bactibilia in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jai Hoon Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea.
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Rodríguez A, Broggi J, Alcaide M, Negro JJ, Figuerola J. Determinants and short-term physiological consequences of PHA immune response in lesser kestrel nestlings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 321:376-86. [PMID: 24807828 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Individual immune responses are likely affected by genetic, physiological, and environmental determinants. We studied the determinants and short-term consequences of Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) induced immune response, a commonly used immune challenge eliciting both innate and acquired immunity, on lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) nestlings in semi-captivity conditions and with a homogeneous diet composition. We conducted a repeated measures analyses of a set of blood parameters (carotenoids, triglycerides, β-hydroxybutyrate, cholesterol, uric acid, urea, total proteins, and total antioxidant capacity), metabolic (resting metabolic rate), genotypic (MHC class II B heterozygosity), and biometric (body mass) variables. PHA challenge did not affect the studied physiological parameters on a short-term basis (<12 hr), except plasma concentrations of triglycerides and carotenoids, which decreased and increased, respectively. Uric acid was the only physiological parameter correlated with the PHA induced immune response (skin swelling), but the change of body mass, cholesterol, total antioxidant capacity, and triglycerides between sessions (i.e., post-pre treatment) were also positively correlated to PHA response. No relationships were detected between MHC gene heterozygosity or resting metabolic rate and PHA response. Our results indicate that PHA response in lesser kestrel nestlings growing in optimal conditions does not imply a severe energetic cost 12 hr after challenge, but is condition-dependent as a rapid mobilization of carotenoids and decrease of triglycerides is elicited on a short-term basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airam Rodríguez
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Seville, Spain; Department of Research, Phillip Island Nature Parks, Cowes, Victoria, Australia
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Kersten S. Physiological regulation of lipoprotein lipase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:919-33. [PMID: 24721265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL), originally identified as the clearing factor lipase, hydrolyzes triglycerides present in the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins VLDL and chylomicrons. LPL is primarily expressed in tissues that oxidize or store fatty acids in large quantities such as the heart, skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue. Upon production by the underlying parenchymal cells, LPL is transported and attached to the capillary endothelium by the protein GPIHBP1. Because LPL is rate limiting for plasma triglyceride clearance and tissue uptake of fatty acids, the activity of LPL is carefully controlled to adjust fatty acid uptake to the requirements of the underlying tissue via multiple mechanisms at the transcriptional and post-translational level. Although various stimuli influence LPL gene transcription, it is now evident that most of the physiological variation in LPL activity, such as during fasting and exercise, appears to be driven via post-translational mechanisms by extracellular proteins. These proteins can be divided into two main groups: the liver-derived apolipoproteins APOC1, APOC2, APOC3, APOA5, and APOE, and the angiopoietin-like proteins ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8, which have a broader expression profile. This review will summarize the available literature on the regulation of LPL activity in various tissues, with an emphasis on the response to diverse physiological stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Azevedo OGR, Bolick DT, Roche JK, Pinkerton RF, Lima AAM, Vitek MP, Warren CA, Oriá RB, Guerrant RL. Apolipoprotein E plays a key role against cryptosporidial infection in transgenic undernourished mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89562. [PMID: 24586873 PMCID: PMC3938486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoliprotein E (apoE), a critical targeting protein in lipid homeostasis, has been found to have immunoinflammatory effects on murine models of infection and malnutrition. The effects of apoE in undernourished and Cryptosporidium parvum-infected mice have not been investigated. In order to study the role of apoE in a model of C. parvum infection, we used the following C57BL6J mouse genetic strains: APOE-deficient, wild-type controls, and APOE targeted replacement (TR) mice expressing human APOE genes (E3/3; E4/4). Experimental mice were orally infected with 107-unexcysted-C. parvum oocysts between post-natal days 34–35 followed by malnutrition induced with a low-protein diet. Mice were euthanized seven days after C. parvum-challenge to investigate ileal morphology, cytokines, and cationic arginine transporter (CAT-1), arginase 1, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. In addition, we analyzed stool oocyst shedding by qRT-PCR and serum lipids. APOE4/4-TR mice had better weight gains after infection plus malnutrition compared with APOE3/3-TR and wild-type mice. APOE4/4-TR and APOE knockout mice had lower oocyst shedding, however the latter exhibited with villus blunting and higher ileal pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS transcripts. APOE4/4-TR mice had increased ileal CAT-1, arginase-1, and TLR9 transcripts relative to APOE knockout. Although with anti-parasitic effects, APOE deficiency exacerbates intestinal inflammatory responses and mucosal damage in undernourished and C. parvum-infected mice. In addition, the human APOE4 gene was found to be protective against the compounded insult of Cryptosporidium infection plus malnutrition, thus extending our previous findings of the protection against diarrhea in APOE4 children. Altogether our findings suggest that apoE plays a key role in the intestinal restitution and immunoinflammatory responses with Cryptosporidium infection and malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orleâncio G R Azevedo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America ; Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Institute of the Brazilian Semi-arid, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - David T Bolick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - James K Roche
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Relana F Pinkerton
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Aldo A M Lima
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America ; Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research Unit, Institute of the Brazilian Semi-Arid, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Michael P Vitek
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cirle A Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America ; Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Institute of the Brazilian Semi-arid, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Richard L Guerrant
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America ; Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research Unit, Institute of the Brazilian Semi-Arid, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Muthappa NA, Gupta S, Yengkokpam S, Debnath D, Kumar N, Pal AK, Jadhao SB. Lipotropes promote immunobiochemical plasticity and protect fish against low-dose pesticide-induced oxidative stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:61-81. [PMID: 23666764 PMCID: PMC3857435 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0434-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the role of different lipotropes in modulating immunity and biochemical plasticity under conditions of sublethal low-dose pesticide-induced stress in fish. Labeo rohita fish fingerlings were divided in two sets with one set of fish continuously exposed to low-dose endosulfan (1/10th of 96-h LC50) for 21 days, the other was unexposed, and both sets of fish were fed with practical diets supplemented with either 2 % lecithin, 0.5 % betaine, or 0.1 % choline and compared against unsupplemented diet. Low-dose endosulfan exposure had adverse effects (P < 0.05/P < 0.01) on hematological profile (erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit), serum protein (total protein, albumin, and globulin) and lipid profile (cholesterol and triglyceride), anti-oxidative status (ascorbic acid content of muscle, liver, brain, and kidney and activity of anti-oxidative enzymes: catalase and superoxide dismutase), neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase activity in muscle and brain), immunological attributes (WBC count, albumin to globulin ratio, phagocytic activity, and serum cortisol), and metabolic plasticity as revealed from enzyme activities (muscle lactate dehydrogenase, liver and kidney glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase-G6PDH activity). Dietary lipotropes prevented these effects completely or partially and the effects were lipotrope dependent. Kinetics (maximum velocity value V max, catalytic efficiency and Michaelis constant K m) of G6PDH enzyme from crude extracts of liver and kidney indicated inhibition due to endosulfan but lipotropes could protect enzyme and showed a stabilizing effect. The supplements also helped maintain integrity of histoarchitecture of the hepatocytes in endosulfan-exposed fish to a great extent. Feeding lipotropes to fish reared in endosulfan-free water also improved hematological and serum protein and lipid profiles and were immunostimulatory. In conclusion, dietary lipotropes, especially betaine and lecithin at the levels used, improve erythropoiesis, serum protein and lipid profile, anti-oxidant status, immunocompetence, neurotransmission, and protect the livers of L. rohita fingerlings even when continuously exposed to low-dose endosulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Muthappa
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061 India
| | - Subodh Gupta
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061 India
| | - Sona Yengkokpam
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061 India
| | - Dipesh Debnath
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061 India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061 India
| | - Asim Kumar Pal
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061 India
| | - Sanjay B. Jadhao
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061 India
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Neves AL, Coelho J, Couto L, Leite-Moreira A, Roncon-Albuquerque R. Metabolic endotoxemia: a molecular link between obesity and cardiovascular risk. J Mol Endocrinol 2013; 51:R51-64. [PMID: 23943858 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with significantly increased cardiovascular (CV) risk and mortality. Several molecular mechanisms underlying this association have been implied, among which the intestinal barrier has gained a growing interest. In experimental models of obesity, significant alterations in the intestinal barrier lead to increased intestinal permeability, favoring translocation of microbiome-derived lipopolysaccharide to the bloodstream. This has been shown to result in a two- to threefold increase in its serum concentrations, a threshold named 'metabolic endotoxemia' (ME). ME may trigger toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammatory activation, eliciting a chronic low-grade proinflammatory and pro-oxidative stress status, which may result in high CV risk and target-organ damage. In this review, we discuss the potential molecular implications of ME on several CV risk factors, such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress, as well as its potential impact on the development of CV target-organ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Neves
- Departments of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro; 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Involvement of lipid droplets in hepatic responses to lipopolysaccharide treatment in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1357-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hamilton EJ, Martin N, Makepeace A, Sillars BA, Davis WA, Davis TME. Incidence and predictors of hospitalization for bacterial infection in community-based patients with type 2 diabetes: the fremantle diabetes study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60502. [PMID: 23536910 PMCID: PMC3607595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The few studies that have examined the relationship between diabetes and bacterial infections have utilized administrative databases and/or have had limited/incomplete data including recognized infection risk factors. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and associates of bacterial infection severe enough to require hospitalization in well-characterized community-based patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods and Findings We studied a cohort of 1,294 patients (mean±SD age 64.1±11.3 years) from the longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I (FDS1) and 5,156 age-, gender- and zip-code-matched non-diabetic controls. The main outcome measure was incident hospitalization for bacterial infection as principal diagnosis between 1993 and 2010. We also examined differences in statin use in 52 FDS1 pairs hospitalized with pneumonia (cases) or a contemporaneous non-infection-related cause (controls). During 12.0±5.4 years of follow-up, 251 (19.4%) patients were hospitalized on 368 occasions for infection (23.7/1,000 patient-years). This was more than double the rate in matched controls (incident rate ratio (IRR) (95% CI), 2.13 (1.88–2.42), P<0.001). IRRs for pneumonia, cellulitis, and septicemia/bacteremia were 1.86 (1.55–2.21), 2.45 (1.92–3.12), and 2.08 (1.41–3.04), respectively (P<0.001). Among the diabetic patients, older age, male sex, prior recent infection-related hospitalization, obesity, albuminuria, retinopathy and Aboriginal ethnicity were baseline variables independently associated with risk of first hospitalization with any infection (P≤0.005). After adjustment for these variables, baseline statin treatment was not significant (hazard ratio (95% CI), 0.70 (0.39–1.25), P = 0.22). Statin use at hospitalization for pneumonia among the case-control pairs was similar (23.1% vs. 13.5%, P = 0.27). Conclusions The risk of severe infection is increased among type 2 diabetic patients and is not reduced by statin therapy. There are a number of other easily-accessible sociodemographic and clinical variables that could be used to optimize infection-related education, prevention and management in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Hamilton
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Natalie Martin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Ashley Makepeace
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia
- University of Western Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Brett A. Sillars
- University of Western Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Wendy A. Davis
- University of Western Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Timothy M. E. Davis
- University of Western Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia
- * E-mail:
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