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Ma M, Ganapathi M, Zheng Y, Tan KL, Kanca O, Bove KE, Quintanilla N, Sag SO, Temel SG, LeDuc CA, McPartland AJ, Pereira EM, Shen Y, Hagen J, Thomas CP, Nguyen Galván NT, Pan X, Lu S, Rosenfeld JA, Calame DG, Wangler MF, Lupski JR, Pehlivan D, Hertel PM, Chung WK, Bellen HJ. Homozygous missense variants in YKT6 result in loss of function and are associated with developmental delay, with or without severe infantile liver disease and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Genet Med 2024; 26:101125. [PMID: 38522068 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE YKT6 plays important roles in multiple intracellular vesicle trafficking events but has not been associated with Mendelian diseases. METHODS We report 3 unrelated individuals with rare homozygous missense variants in YKT6 who exhibited neurological disease with or without a progressive infantile liver disease. We modeled the variants in Drosophila. We generated wild-type and variant genomic rescue constructs of the fly ortholog dYkt6 and compared their ability in rescuing the loss-of-function phenotypes in mutant flies. We also generated a dYkt6KozakGAL4 allele to assess the expression pattern of dYkt6. RESULTS Two individuals are homozygous for YKT6 [NM_006555.3:c.554A>G p.(Tyr185Cys)] and exhibited normal prenatal course followed by failure to thrive, developmental delay, and progressive liver disease. Haplotype analysis identified a shared homozygous region flanking the variant, suggesting a common ancestry. The third individual is homozygous for YKT6 [NM_006555.3:c.191A>G p.(Tyr64Cys)] and exhibited neurodevelopmental disorders and optic atrophy. Fly dYkt6 is essential and is expressed in the fat body (analogous to liver) and central nervous system. Wild-type genomic rescue constructs can rescue the lethality and autophagic flux defects, whereas the variants are less efficient in rescuing the phenotypes. CONCLUSION The YKT6 variants are partial loss-of-function alleles, and the p.(Tyr185Cys) is more severe than p.(Tyr64Cys).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Ma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Mythily Ganapathi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yiming Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Kai-Li Tan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Kevin E Bove
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Norma Quintanilla
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Sebnem O Sag
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sehime G Temel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jacob Hagen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Christie P Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Xueyang Pan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Shenzhao Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX
| | - Daniel G Calame
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Paula M Hertel
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.
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Vong KI, Lee S, Au KS, Crowley TB, Capra V, Martino J, Haller M, Araújo C, Machado HR, George R, Gerding B, James KN, Stanley V, Jiang N, Alu K, Meave N, Nidhiry AS, Jiwani F, Tang I, Nisal A, Jhamb I, Patel A, Patel A, McEvoy-Venneri J, Barrows C, Shen C, Ha YJ, Howarth R, Strain M, Ashley-Koch AE, Azam M, Mumtaz S, Bot GM, Finnell RH, Kibar Z, Marwan AI, Melikishvili G, Meltzer HS, Mutchinick OM, Stevenson DA, Mroczkowski HJ, Ostrander B, Schindewolf E, Moldenhauer J, Zackai EH, Emanuel BS, Garcia-Minaur S, Nowakowska BA, Stevenson RE, Zaki MS, Northrup H, McNamara HK, Aldinger KA, Phelps IG, Deng M, Glass IA, Morrow B, McDonald-McGinn DM, Sanna-Cherchi S, Lamb DJ, Gleeson JG. Risk of meningomyelocele mediated by the common 22q11.2 deletion. Science 2024; 384:584-590. [PMID: 38696583 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Meningomyelocele is one of the most severe forms of neural tube defects (NTDs) and the most frequent structural birth defect of the central nervous system. We assembled the Spina Bifida Sequencing Consortium to identify causes. Exome and genome sequencing of 715 parent-offspring trios identified six patients with chromosomal 22q11.2 deletions, suggesting a 23-fold increased risk compared with the general population. Furthermore, analysis of a separate 22q11.2 deletion cohort suggested a 12- to 15-fold increased NTD risk of meningomyelocele. The loss of Crkl, one of several neural tube-expressed genes within the minimal deletion interval, was sufficient to replicate NTDs in mice, where both penetrance and expressivity were exacerbated by maternal folate deficiency. Thus, the common 22q11.2 deletion confers substantial meningomyelocele risk, which is partially alleviated by folate supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Ioi Vong
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Sangmoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Kit Sing Au
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - T Blaine Crowley
- 22q and You Center, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Valeria Capra
- Genomics and Clinical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Jeremiah Martino
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA
| | - Meade Haller
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, TX 77030, USA
| | - Camila Araújo
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Hélio R Machado
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Renee George
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Bryn Gerding
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Kiely N James
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Valentina Stanley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Kameron Alu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Naomi Meave
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Anna S Nidhiry
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Fiza Jiwani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Isaac Tang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Ashna Nisal
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Ishani Jhamb
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Arzoo Patel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Aakash Patel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Jennifer McEvoy-Venneri
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Chelsea Barrows
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Celina Shen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Yoo-Jin Ha
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Robyn Howarth
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Madison Strain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Matloob Azam
- Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Wah Medical College, Wah Cantt, Punjab 47000, Pakistan
| | - Sara Mumtaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Gyang Markus Bot
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos 930105, Nigeria
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zoha Kibar
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Montreal and CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Ahmed I Marwan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Colorado Fetal Care Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gia Melikishvili
- Department of Pediatrics, MediClubGeorgia Medical Center, Tbilisi 0160, Georgia
| | - Hal S Meltzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Osvaldo M Mutchinick
- Department of Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David A Stevenson
- Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Henry J Mroczkowski
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Tennessee Health Science Campus, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Betsy Ostrander
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA
| | - Erica Schindewolf
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julie Moldenhauer
- Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- 22q and You Center, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- 22q and You Center, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sixto Garcia-Minaur
- Clinical Genetics Section, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beata A Nowakowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roger E Stevenson
- JC Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Hope Northrup
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) and Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hanna K McNamara
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Kimberly A Aldinger
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ian G Phelps
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Mei Deng
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ian A Glass
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Bernice Morrow
- Division of Translational Genetics, Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- 22q and You Center, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Human Biology and Medical Genetics, Sapienza University, 00185-Rome RM, Italy
| | - Simone Sanna-Cherchi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA
| | - Dolores J Lamb
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Genomics, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
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3
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Potesta MA, Aldana V, Patel S. Pyloric Stenosis in a Patient with CEDNIK Syndrome. Cureus 2024; 16:e59475. [PMID: 38826968 PMCID: PMC11140435 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a rare neurocutaneous genetic disorder where patients develop a combination of cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma, commonly known as CEDNIK syndrome. It is an autosomal recessive inheritance involving the SNAP29 protein, mapped to the 22q11.2 gene. Phenotypic variation is seen with this disease, with clinical manifestation of developmental milestone delays ranging in severity. With only a handful of documented cases, available research, management of the syndrome, and prognosis are not well established. As CEDNIK syndrome has systemic implications, care coordination between specialists is essential in improving patient outcomes. Particularly important is preventing patients from meeting the criteria of failure to thrive, a commonly reported issue. In this case, we present a four-month-old male with a past medical history of pyloric stenosis status/post pyloromyotomy who has failure to thrive, gastroesophageal reflux disease, profound hypotonia, and delayed progression of developmental milestones. Additionally, the case is complicated by idiopathic pyloric stenosis, further contributing to the patient's failure to thrive. We aim to discuss the pathophysiology of this syndrome, explore the timeline of disease progression, as well as compare our case to the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Potesta
- Medical School, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, USA
| | - Vivian Aldana
- Pediatrics, BayCare St. Joseph's Children's Hospital, Tampa, USA
| | - Samit Patel
- Gastroenterology, BayCare St. Joseph's Children's Hospital, Tampa, USA
- Gastroenterology, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition of Tampa Bay, Tampa, USA
- Pediatrics, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, USA
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Lorenzo-Ríos D, Guerrero-García A, Colón-Fontánez F. Keratoderma and ichthyosis as valuable features for the diagnosis of CEDNIK syndrome. JAAD Case Rep 2024; 46:64-66. [PMID: 38590735 PMCID: PMC10999791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deyson Lorenzo-Ríos
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Ben-Mahmoud A, Kishikawa S, Gupta V, Leach NT, Shen Y, Moldovan O, Goel H, Hopper B, Ranguin K, Gruchy N, Maas SM, Lacassie Y, Kim SH, Kim WY, Quade BJ, Morton CC, Kim CH, Layman LC, Kim HG. A cryptic microdeletion del(12)(p11.21p11.23) within an unbalanced translocation t(7;12)(q21.13;q23.1) implicates new candidate loci for intellectual disability and Kallmann syndrome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12984. [PMID: 37563198 PMCID: PMC10415337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In a patient diagnosed with both Kallmann syndrome (KS) and intellectual disability (ID), who carried an apparently balanced translocation t(7;12)(q22;q24)dn, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) disclosed a cryptic heterozygous 4.7 Mb deletion del(12)(p11.21p11.23), unrelated to the translocation breakpoint. This novel discovery prompted us to consider the possibility that the combination of KS and neurological disorder in this patient could be attributed to gene(s) within this specific deletion at 12p11.21-12p11.23, rather than disrupted or dysregulated genes at the translocation breakpoints. To further support this hypothesis, we expanded our study by screening five candidate genes at both breakpoints of the chromosomal translocation in a cohort of 48 KS patients. However, no mutations were found, thus reinforcing our supposition. In order to delve deeper into the characterization of the 12p11.21-12p11.23 region, we enlisted six additional patients with small copy number variations (CNVs) and analyzed eight individuals carrying small CNVs in this region from the DECIPHER database. Our investigation utilized a combination of complementary approaches. Firstly, we conducted a comprehensive phenotypic-genotypic comparison of reported CNV cases. Additionally, we reviewed knockout animal models that exhibit phenotypic similarities to human conditions. Moreover, we analyzed reported variants in candidate genes and explored their association with corresponding phenotypes. Lastly, we examined the interacting genes associated with these phenotypes to gain further insights. As a result, we identified a dozen candidate genes: TSPAN11 as a potential KS candidate gene, TM7SF3, STK38L, ARNTL2, ERGIC2, TMTC1, DENND5B, and ETFBKMT as candidate genes for the neurodevelopmental disorder, and INTS13, REP15, PPFIBP1, and FAR2 as candidate genes for KS with ID. Notably, the high-level expression pattern of these genes in relevant human tissues further supported their candidacy. Based on our findings, we propose that dosage alterations of these candidate genes may contribute to sexual and/or cognitive impairments observed in patients with KS and/or ID. However, the confirmation of their causal roles necessitates further identification of point mutations in these candidate genes through next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afif Ben-Mahmoud
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shotaro Kishikawa
- Gene Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Natalia T Leach
- Integrated Genetics, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, 3400 Computer Drive, Westborough, MA, 01581, USA
| | - Yiping Shen
- Division of Genetics and Genomics at Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Oana Moldovan
- Medical Genetics Service, Pediatric Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Himanshu Goel
- Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Bruce Hopper
- Forster Genetics-Hunter New England Local Health District, Forster, NSW, 2428, Australia
| | - Kara Ranguin
- Department of Genetics, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Developmental anomalies and polymalformative syndrome, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Gruchy
- Department of Genetics, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Developmental anomalies and polymalformative syndrome, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Saskia M Maas
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Reproduction and Development Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yves Lacassie
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Woo-Yang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Bradley J Quade
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cynthia C Morton
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Lawrence C Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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Fischer J, Hotz A, Komlosi K. Syndromic ichthyoses. MED GENET-BERLIN 2023; 35:23-32. [PMID: 38835422 PMCID: PMC10842576 DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2023-2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Inherited ichthyoses are classified as Mendelian disorders of cornification (MEDOC), which are further defined on the basis of clinical and genetic features and can be divided into non-syndromic and syndromic forms. To date, mutations in more than 30 genes are known to result in various types of syndromic ichthyoses, which, in addition to mostly generalised scaling and hyperkeratosis of the skin, also show additional organ involvement. The syndromic ichthyoses are generally very rare and are classified based on the mode of inheritance, and can be further subdivided according to the predominant symptoms. In our review we provide a concise overview of the most prevalent syndromic forms of ichthyosis within each subgroup. We emphasize the importance of the clinical assessment of complex syndromes even in the era of genetic testing as a first-tier diagnostic and specifically the need to actively assess potential organ involvement in patients with ichthyosis, thereby enabling efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and timely access to specialized centers for rare disorders of cornifications. As part of the Freiburg Center for Rare Diseases a Center for Cornification Disorders was recently established with collaboration of the Institute of Human Genetics and the Department of Dermatology. An early diagnosis of syndromes will be of direct benefit to the patient regarding interventional and therapeutic measures e. g. in syndromes with cardiac or metabolic involvement and allows informed reproductive options and access to prenatal and preimplantation genetic diagnosis in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Fischer
- University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Alrun Hotz
- University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Katalin Komlosi
- University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Deutschland
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Ben-Mahmoud A, Kishikawa S, Gupta V, Leach NT, Shen Y, Moldovan O, Goel H, Hopper B, Ranguin K, Gruchy N, Maas SM, Lacassie Y, Kim SH, Kim WY, Quade BJ, Morton CC, Kim CH, Layman LC, Kim HG. A microdeletion del(12)(p11.21p11.23) with a cryptic unbalanced translocation t(7;12)(q21.13;q23.1) implicates new candidate loci for intellectual disability and Kallmann syndrome. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2572736. [PMID: 37034680 PMCID: PMC10081357 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2572736/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
In an apparently balanced translocation t(7;12)(q22;q24)dn exhibiting both Kallmann syndrome (KS) and intellectual disability (ID), we detected a cryptic heterozygous 4.7 Mb del(12)(p11.21p11.23) unrelated to the translocation breakpoint. This new finding raised the possibility that KS combined with neurological disorder in this patient could be caused by gene(s) within this deletion at 12p11.21-12p11.23 instead of disrupted or dysregulated genes at the genomic breakpoints. Screening of five candidate genes at both breakpoints in 48 KS patients we recruited found no mutation, corroborating our supposition. To substantiate this hypothesis further, we recruited six additional subjects with small CNVs and analyzed eight individuals carrying small CNVs in this region from DECIPHER to dissect 12p11.21-12p11.23. We used multiple complementary approaches including a phenotypic-genotypic comparison of reported cases, a review of knockout animal models recapitulating the human phenotypes, and analyses of reported variants in the interacting genes with corresponding phenotypes. The results identified one potential KS candidate gene ( TSPAN11 ), seven candidate genes for the neurodevelopmental disorder ( TM7SF3 , STK38L , ARNTL2 , ERGIC2 , TMTC1 , DENND5B , and ETFBKMT ), and four candidate genes for KS with ID ( INTS13 , REP15 , PPFIBP1 , and FAR2 ). The high-level expression pattern in the relevant human tissues further suggested the candidacy of these genes. We propose that the dosage alterations of the candidate genes may contribute to sexual and/or cognitive impairment in patients with KS and/or ID. Further identification of point mutations through next generation sequencing will be necessary to confirm their causal roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Oana Moldovan
- Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte
| | | | - Bruce Hopper
- Forster Genetics-Hunter New England Local Health District
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8
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Gutiérrez-Cerrajero C, Sprecher E, Paller AS, Akiyama M, Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Hernández-Martín A, González-Sarmiento R. Ichthyosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:2. [PMID: 36658199 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-022-00412-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The ichthyoses are a large, heterogeneous group of skin cornification disorders. They can be inherited or acquired, and result in defective keratinocyte differentiation and abnormal epidermal barrier formation. The resultant skin barrier dysfunction leads to increased transepidermal water loss and inflammation. Disordered cornification is clinically characterized by skin scaling with various degrees of thickening, desquamation (peeling) and erythema (redness). Regardless of the type of ichthyosis, many patients suffer from itching, recurrent infections, sweating impairment (hypohidrosis) with heat intolerance, and diverse ocular, hearing and nutritional complications that should be monitored periodically. The characteristic clinical features are considered to be a homeostatic attempt to repair the skin barrier, but heterogeneous clinical presentation and imperfect phenotype-genotype correlation hinder diagnosis. An accurate molecular diagnosis is, however, crucial for predicting prognosis and providing appropriate genetic counselling. Most ichthyoses severely affect patient quality of life and, in severe forms, may cause considerable disability and even death. So far, treatment provides only symptomatic relief. It is lifelong, expensive, time-consuming, and often provides disappointing results. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie these conditions is essential for designing pathogenesis-driven and patient-tailored innovative therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gutiérrez-Cerrajero
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amy S Paller
- Departments of Dermatology and Paediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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9
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Smeele PH, Vaccari T. Snapshots from within the cell: Novel trafficking and non trafficking functions of Snap29 during tissue morphogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:42-52. [PMID: 35256275 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is a core cellular process that supports diversification of cell shapes and behaviors relevant to morphogenesis during development and in adult organisms. However, how precisely trafficking components regulate specific differentiation programs is incompletely understood. Snap29 is a multifaceted Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor Attachment protein Receptor, involved in a wide range of trafficking and non-trafficking processes in most cells. A body of knowledge, accrued over more than two decades since its discovery, reveals that Snap29 is essential for establishing and maintaining the operation of a number of cellular events that support cell polarity and signaling. In this review, we first summarize established functions of Snap29 and then we focus on novel ones in the context of autophagy, Golgi trafficking and vesicle fusion at the plasma membrane, as well as on non-trafficking activities of Snap29. We further describe emerging evidence regarding the compartmentalisation and regulation of Snap29. Finally, we explore how the loss of distinct functions of human Snap29 may lead to the clinical manifestations of congenital disorders such as CEDNIK syndrome and how altered SNAP29 activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer, viral infection and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien H Smeele
- Department of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- Department of Biosciences, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Lansdon LA, Dickinson A, Arlis S, Liu H, Hlas A, Hahn A, Bonde G, Long A, Standley J, Tyryshkina A, Wehby G, Lee NR, Daack-Hirsch S, Mohlke K, Girirajan S, Darbro BW, Cornell RA, Houston DW, Murray JC, Manak JR. Genome-wide analysis of copy-number variation in humans with cleft lip and/or cleft palate identifies COBLL1, RIC1, and ARHGEF38 as clefting genes. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:71-91. [PMID: 36493769 PMCID: PMC9892779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common birth defect with a complex, heterogeneous etiology. It is well established that common and rare sequence variants contribute to the formation of CL/P, but the contribution of copy-number variants (CNVs) to cleft formation remains relatively understudied. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a large-scale comparative analysis of genome-wide CNV profiles of 869 individuals from the Philippines and 233 individuals of European ancestry with CL/P with three primary goals: first, to evaluate whether differences in CNV number, amount of genomic content, or amount of coding genomic content existed within clefting subtypes; second, to assess whether CNVs in our cohort overlapped with known Mendelian clefting loci; and third, to identify unestablished Mendelian clefting genes. Significant differences in CNVs across cleft types or in individuals with non-syndromic versus syndromic clefts were not observed; however, several CNVs in our cohort overlapped with known syndromic and non-syndromic Mendelian clefting loci. Moreover, employing a filtering strategy relying on population genetics data that rare variants are on the whole more deleterious than common variants, we identify several CNV-associated gene losses likely driving non-syndromic clefting phenotypes. By prioritizing genes deleted at a rare frequency across multiple individuals with clefts yet enriched in our cohort of individuals with clefts compared to control subjects, we identify COBLL1, RIC1, and ARHGEF38 as clefting genes. CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis of these genes in Xenopus laevis and Danio rerio yielded craniofacial dysmorphologies, including clefts analogous to those seen in human clefting disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Lansdon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | | | - Sydney Arlis
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Arman Hlas
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alyssa Hahn
- Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Greg Bonde
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Abby Long
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jennifer Standley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - George Wehby
- College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nanette R Lee
- Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | | | - Karen Mohlke
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | | | - Benjamin W Darbro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robert A Cornell
- Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Douglas W Houston
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - J Robert Manak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Genetics Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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11
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Yang H, Lin SZ, Guan SH, Wang WQ, Li JY, Yang GD, Zhang SL. Two novel mutations in the VPS33B gene in a Chinese patient with arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction and cholestasis syndrome 1: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:11016-11022. [PMID: 36338198 PMCID: PMC9631127 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i30.11016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The VPS33B (OMIM: 608552) gene is located on chromosome 15q26.1. We found a female infant with autosomal recessive arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction and cholestasis syndrome 1 (ARCS1) caused by mutation in VPS33B. The child was diagnosed with ARCS1 (OMIM: 208085) after the whole exome sequencing revealed two heterozygous mutations (c.96+1G>C, c.242delT) in the VPS33B gene.
CASE SUMMARY We report a Chinese female infant with neonatal cholestasis disorder, who was eventually diagnosed with ARCS1 by genetic analysis. Genetic testing revealed two new mutations (c.96+1G>C and c.242delT) in VPS33B, which is the causal gene. The patient was compound heterozygous, and her parents were both heterozygous.
CONCLUSION This study extends the mutational spectrum of the VPS33B gene to provide a molecular basis for the etiological diagnosis of ARCS1 and for genetic counseling of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, China
| | - Shuang-Zhu Lin
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shi-Hui Guan
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Children, The First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wan-Qi Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Gui-Dan Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, China
| | - Su-Li Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou 570100, Hainan Province, China
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12
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Nanda A, Karam TM, AlLafi A. CEDNIK syndrome with phenotypic variability. Pediatr Dermatol 2022; 39:650-652. [PMID: 35229899 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CEDNIK syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma of which 25 cases from 19 families have been reported to date. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss-of-function pathogenic variant of the SNAP29 gene encoding a member of the SNARE family of proteins. We describe two female siblings from a Syrian parent-related family with CEDNIK syndrome due to homozygous pathogenic variant in SNAP29 [c.223delG(p.Val75Serf*28)]. Palmoplantar keratoderma, reported as a cardinal sign in CEDNIK syndrome, was absent in both patients as of the last follow-up, and one of our patients had a verrucous venous malformation, a finding that has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Nanda
- As'ad Al-Hamad Dermatology Center, Kuwait
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13
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CEDNIK syndrome in a Brazilian patient with compound heterozygous pathogenic variants. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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D’Souza Z, Sumya FT, Khakurel A, Lupashin V. Getting Sugar Coating Right! The Role of the Golgi Trafficking Machinery in Glycosylation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123275. [PMID: 34943782 PMCID: PMC8699264 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi is the central organelle of the secretory pathway and it houses the majority of the glycosylation machinery, which includes glycosylation enzymes and sugar transporters. Correct compartmentalization of the glycosylation machinery is achieved by retrograde vesicular trafficking as the secretory cargo moves forward by cisternal maturation. The vesicular trafficking machinery which includes vesicular coats, small GTPases, tethers and SNAREs, play a major role in coordinating the Golgi trafficking thereby achieving Golgi homeostasis. Glycosylation is a template-independent process, so its fidelity heavily relies on appropriate localization of the glycosylation machinery and Golgi homeostasis. Mutations in the glycosylation enzymes, sugar transporters, Golgi ion channels and several vesicle tethering factors cause congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) which encompass a group of multisystem disorders with varying severities. Here, we focus on the Golgi vesicle tethering and fusion machinery, namely, multisubunit tethering complexes and SNAREs and their role in Golgi trafficking and glycosylation. This review is a comprehensive summary of all the identified CDG causing mutations of the Golgi trafficking machinery in humans.
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15
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Ferreira CR, Martinelli D, Blau N. Clinical and biochemical footprints of inherited metabolic diseases. VI. Metabolic dermatoses. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 134:87-95. [PMID: 34304991 PMCID: PMC8578301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous signs and symptoms may facilitate the diagnosis or can help in identifying complications or side effects of overtreatment of inherited metabolic diseases. The principal manifestations can be grouped into vascular lesions, ichthyosis, papular and nodular skin lesions, abnormal pigmentation, photosensitivity, skin laxity, hair shaft involvement, and nail abnormalities. We have summarized associations of these cutaneous signs and symptoms in 252 inherited metabolic diseases. This represents the sixth of a series of articles attempting to create and maintain a comprehensive list of clinical and metabolic differential diagnoses according to system involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Ferreira
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nenad Blau
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
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16
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Mahanty S, Setty SRG. Epidermal Lamellar Body Biogenesis: Insight Into the Roles of Golgi and Lysosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:701950. [PMID: 34458262 PMCID: PMC8387949 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal lamellar bodies (eLBs) are secretory organelles that carry a wide variety of secretory cargo required for skin homeostasis. eLBs belong to the class of lysosome-related organelles (LROs), which are cell-type-specific organelles that perform diverse functions. The formation of eLBs is thought to be related to that of other LROs, which are formed either through the gradual maturation of Golgi/endosomal precursors or by the conversion of conventional lysosomes. Current evidence suggests that eLB biogenesis presumably initiate from trans-Golgi network and receive cargo from endosomes, and also acquire lysosome characteristics during maturation. These multistep biogenesis processes are frequently disrupted in human skin disorders. However, many gaps remain in our understanding of eLB biogenesis and their relationship to skin diseases. Here, we describe our current understanding on eLB biogenesis with a focus on cargo transport to this LRO and highlight key areas where future research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mahanty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Subba Rao Gangi Setty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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17
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Toupenet Marchesi L, Leblanc M, Stevanin G. Current Knowledge of Endolysosomal and Autophagy Defects in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071678. [PMID: 34359848 PMCID: PMC8307360 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) refers to a group of neurological disorders involving the degeneration of motor neurons. Due to their clinical and genetic heterogeneity, finding common effective therapeutics is difficult. Therefore, a better understanding of the common pathological mechanisms is necessary. The role of several HSP genes/proteins is linked to the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways, suggesting a functional convergence. Furthermore, impairment of these pathways is particularly interesting since it has been linked to other neurodegenerative diseases, which would suggest that the nervous system is particularly sensitive to the disruption of the endolysosomal and autophagic systems. In this review, we will summarize the involvement of HSP proteins in the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways in order to clarify their functioning and decipher some of the pathological mechanisms leading to HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liriopé Toupenet Marchesi
- Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (L.T.M.); (M.L.)
- Neurogenetics Team, EPHE, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Marion Leblanc
- Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (L.T.M.); (M.L.)
- Neurogenetics Team, EPHE, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France; (L.T.M.); (M.L.)
- Neurogenetics Team, EPHE, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, 75000 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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18
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Martens MC, Edelkamp J, Seebode C, Schäfer M, Stählke S, Krohn S, Jung O, Murua Escobar H, Emmert S, Boeckmann L. Generation and Characterization of a CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated SNAP29 Knockout in Human Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105293. [PMID: 34069872 PMCID: PMC8157373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the synaptosomal-associated protein 29 (SNAP29) lead to the rare autosomal recessive neurocutaneous cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma (CEDNIK) syndrome. SNAP29 is a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein. So far, it has been shown to be involved in membrane fusion, epidermal differentiation, formation of primary cilia, and autophagy. Recently, we reported the successful generation of two mouse models for the human CEDNIK syndrome. The aim of this investigation was the generation of a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated SNAP29 knockout (KO) in an immortalized human cell line to further investigate the role of SNAP29 in cellular homeostasis and signaling in humans independently of animal models. Comparison of different methods of delivery for CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids into the cell revealed that lentiviral transduction is more efficient than transfection methods. Here, we reported to the best of our knowledge the first successful generation of a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated SNAP29 KO in immortalized human MRC5Vi fibroblasts (c.169_196delinsTTCGT) via lentiviral transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Christine Martens
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.C.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (M.S.); (O.J.); (S.E.)
| | - Janin Edelkamp
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.C.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (M.S.); (O.J.); (S.E.)
| | - Christina Seebode
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.C.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (M.S.); (O.J.); (S.E.)
| | - Mirijam Schäfer
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.C.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (M.S.); (O.J.); (S.E.)
| | - Susanne Stählke
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Saskia Krohn
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.K.); (H.M.E.)
| | - Ole Jung
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.C.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (M.S.); (O.J.); (S.E.)
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (S.K.); (H.M.E.)
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.C.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (M.S.); (O.J.); (S.E.)
| | - Lars Boeckmann
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.C.M.); (J.E.); (C.S.); (M.S.); (O.J.); (S.E.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Morelli E, Speranza EA, Pellegrino E, Beznoussenko GV, Carminati F, Garré M, Mironov AA, Onorati M, Vaccari T. Activity of the SNARE Protein SNAP29 at the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:637565. [PMID: 33718375 PMCID: PMC7945952 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Snap29 is a conserved regulator of membrane fusion essential to complete autophagy and to support other cellular processes, including cell division. In humans, inactivating SNAP29 mutations causes CEDNIK syndrome, a rare multi-systemic disorder characterized by congenital neuro-cutaneous alterations. The fibroblasts of CEDNIK patients show alterations of the Golgi apparatus (GA). However, whether and how Snap29 acts at the GA is unclear. Here we investigate SNAP29 function at the GA and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As part of the elongated structures in proximity to these membrane compartments, a pool of SNAP29 forms a complex with Syntaxin18, or with Syntaxin5, which we find is required to engage SEC22B-loaded vesicles. Consistent with this, in HeLa cells, in neuroepithelial stem cells, and in vivo, decreased SNAP29 activity alters GA architecture and reduces ER to GA trafficking. Our data reveal a new regulatory function of Snap29 in promoting secretory trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Morelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa A Speranza
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrica Pellegrino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Onorati
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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20
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Mah-Som AY, Skrypnyk C, Guerin A, Seroor Jadah RH, Vardhan VN, McKinstry RC, Shinawi MS. New Cohort of Patients With CEDNIK Syndrome Expands the Phenotypic and Genotypic Spectra. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e553. [PMID: 33977139 PMCID: PMC8105887 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To report 6 new patients with cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma (CEDNIK) syndrome. Methods Clinical exome or targeted sequencing were performed to elucidate the molecular genetic cause in patients with neurocognitive abnormalities and brain imaging findings. Results CEDNIK syndrome is a rare genetic condition caused by biallelic pathogenic loss-of-function variants in synaptosomal-associated protein 29 (SNAP29), which encodes a vesicular membrane fusion protein. Clinical manifestations include significant developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID), brain abnormalities, failure to thrive, and skin abnormalities. To date, 19 patients from 10 unrelated families with CEDNIK syndrome have been reported. We report 5 additional patients with homozygous predicted loss-of-function variants in SNAP29 and one with compound heterozygous variants: a frameshift SNAP29 variant and a 370 kb deletion on 22q11.2. All patients exhibit DD/ID, ichthyosis and/or palmoplantar keratoderma, and hypotonia. Four of 6 subjects had hypomyelinated white matter on MRI, 2 of 6 had early puberty, and 4 of 6 had strabismus, which were previously rarely reported. Other phenotypes were variably present, including dysmorphic features, feeding difficulties, and recurrent respiratory infections. The cohort includes 2 siblings with a c.2T>C variant who have a relatively milder phenotype, a patient with the most C-terminal variant yet described (c.622G>T), and 3 patients with previously described variants (c.354dupG, c.487dupA). Conclusions This cohort of 6 additional patients expands the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of CEDNIK syndrome, highlighting previously under-recognized features such as hypomyelination, seizures, and early puberty. Owing to reduced penetrance of the skin phenotype, cerebral dysgenesis, and neuropathy, we propose renaming this syndrome SNAP29-related disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Y Mah-Som
- Department of Pediatrics (A.Y.M.-S.), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Molecular Medicine (C.S.), Arabian Gulf University, Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Bahrain; Division of Medical Genetics (A.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (R.H.S.J., V.N.V.), Bahrain Defense Forces Royal Medical Services Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain; Department of Radiology (R.C.M.), Washington University in St. Louis (R.C.M.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.S.), Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri
| | - Cristina Skrypnyk
- Department of Pediatrics (A.Y.M.-S.), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Molecular Medicine (C.S.), Arabian Gulf University, Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Bahrain; Division of Medical Genetics (A.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (R.H.S.J., V.N.V.), Bahrain Defense Forces Royal Medical Services Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain; Department of Radiology (R.C.M.), Washington University in St. Louis (R.C.M.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.S.), Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri
| | - Andrea Guerin
- Department of Pediatrics (A.Y.M.-S.), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Molecular Medicine (C.S.), Arabian Gulf University, Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Bahrain; Division of Medical Genetics (A.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (R.H.S.J., V.N.V.), Bahrain Defense Forces Royal Medical Services Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain; Department of Radiology (R.C.M.), Washington University in St. Louis (R.C.M.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.S.), Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri
| | - Raafat Hammad Seroor Jadah
- Department of Pediatrics (A.Y.M.-S.), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Molecular Medicine (C.S.), Arabian Gulf University, Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Bahrain; Division of Medical Genetics (A.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (R.H.S.J., V.N.V.), Bahrain Defense Forces Royal Medical Services Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain; Department of Radiology (R.C.M.), Washington University in St. Louis (R.C.M.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.S.), Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri
| | - Vinayak Nivrutti Vardhan
- Department of Pediatrics (A.Y.M.-S.), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Molecular Medicine (C.S.), Arabian Gulf University, Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Bahrain; Division of Medical Genetics (A.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (R.H.S.J., V.N.V.), Bahrain Defense Forces Royal Medical Services Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain; Department of Radiology (R.C.M.), Washington University in St. Louis (R.C.M.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.S.), Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri
| | - Robert C McKinstry
- Department of Pediatrics (A.Y.M.-S.), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Molecular Medicine (C.S.), Arabian Gulf University, Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Bahrain; Division of Medical Genetics (A.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (R.H.S.J., V.N.V.), Bahrain Defense Forces Royal Medical Services Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain; Department of Radiology (R.C.M.), Washington University in St. Louis (R.C.M.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.S.), Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri
| | - Marwan S Shinawi
- Department of Pediatrics (A.Y.M.-S.), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Molecular Medicine (C.S.), Arabian Gulf University, Al Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine, Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Bahrain; Division of Medical Genetics (A.G.), Department of Pediatrics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (R.H.S.J., V.N.V.), Bahrain Defense Forces Royal Medical Services Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain; Department of Radiology (R.C.M.), Washington University in St. Louis (R.C.M.), Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; and Department of Pediatrics (M.S.S.), Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri
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Sundaram S, Karunakaran S, Thomas B, Menon R, Nair M, Nair S. CErebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma (CEDNIK) syndrome with brain stem malformation. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2021; 24:979-981. [PMID: 35359556 PMCID: PMC8965947 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_673_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Tamhankar P, Bansal V, Tamhankar V, Mithbawkar S. CEDNIK Syndrome: Report of an Ultra-Rare Case from India. Neurol India 2021; 69:1861-1862. [DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.333502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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Tang BL. SNAREs and developmental disorders. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2482-2504. [PMID: 32959907 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Members of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family mediate membrane fusion processes associated with vesicular trafficking and autophagy. SNAREs mediate core membrane fusion processes essential for all cells, but some SNAREs serve cell/tissue type-specific exocytic/endocytic functions, and are therefore critical for various aspects of embryonic development. Mutations or variants of their encoding genes could give rise to developmental disorders, such as those affecting the nervous system and immune system in humans. Mutations to components in the canonical synaptic vesicle fusion SNARE complex (VAMP2, STX1A/B, and SNAP25) and a key regulator of SNARE complex formation MUNC18-1, produce variant phenotypes of autism, intellectual disability, movement disorders, and epilepsy. STX11 and MUNC18-2 mutations underlie 2 subtypes of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. STX3 mutations contribute to variant microvillus inclusion disease. Chromosomal microdeletions involving STX16 play a role in pseudohypoparathyroidism type IB associated with abnormal imprinting of the GNAS complex locus. In this short review, I discuss these and other SNARE gene mutations and variants that are known to be associated with a variety developmental disorders, with a focus on their underlying cellular and molecular pathological basis deciphered through disease modeling. Possible pathogenic potentials of other SNAREs whose variants could be disease predisposing are also speculated upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor L Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Boeckmann L, Bernhardt T, Schäfer M, Semmler ML, Glatzel A, Martens MC, Ulrich M, Thiem A, Tietze J, Jung O, Panzer R, Fischer T, Emmert S. Experimentelle Forschung an der Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie. AKTUELLE DERMATOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1147-5015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungSeit Antritt von Prof. Dr. med. Steffen Emmert als Ordinarius der Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie im Jahr 2015 konnte das dermatologische Forschungslabor sukzessive aufgebaut und erweitert werden. Im Einklang mit dem onkologischen Schwerpunkt der Universitätsmedizin Rostock sowie dem von der Landesregierung forcierten „Gesundheitsland Mecklenburg-Vorpommern“ wird grundlagenorientierten und translationalen Projekten nachgegangen. Das vorwiegend drittmittelfinanzierte und stetig wachsende Forschungsteam bearbeitet diverse Fragestellungen in den Bereichen der Dermato-Onkologie, Plasmamedizin und seltenen Hauterkrankungen. Inzwischen auf einem soliden Fundament stehend, befindet sich der Forschungsbereich weiterhin in einem dynamischen Entwicklungsprozess. Nicht nur personell, sondern auch thematisch und methodisch wird er derzeit durch die Integration weiterer Arbeitsgruppen unter der Leitung von Ärzten aus der Klinik ergänzt und ausgebaut. Diverse Kollaborationen an der Universitätsmedizin Rostock und im Land zeugen von einem freundlichen, unterstützenden und kollegialen Umfeld, das die Integration am Standort befördert hat.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Boeckmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - T. Bernhardt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - M. Schäfer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - M. L. Semmler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - A. Glatzel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - M. C. Martens
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - M. Ulrich
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - A. Thiem
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - J. Tietze
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - O. Jung
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - R. Panzer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - T. Fischer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - S. Emmert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
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Martens MC, Boeckmann L, Emmert S. Genetisch bedingte Hauterkrankungen – Xeroderma pigmentosum und das CEDNIK-Syndrom. AKTUELLE DERMATOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1148-3867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie Rostocker Hautklinik ist Europäisches Referenznetzwerkzentrum für seltene Hauterkrankungen mit den besonderen Schwerpunkten Xeroderma pigmentosum und Ichthyosen. Diese Themen vertreten wir auch in der medizinischen Grundlagenforschung.Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) ist eine seltene, autosomal-rezessive Erkrankung, die entsprechend der Gendefekte in 7 Komplementationsgruppen – XP-A bis XP-G sowie die sog. XP-Variante (XP-V) – eingeteilt wird. XP ist ein Nukleotid-Exzisions-Reparatur-Defektsyndrom und äußert sich v. a. durch vorzeitige Hautalterung und frühzeitige Entwicklung von Hauttumoren.Das seltene, neurokutane CEDNIK-Syndrom ist eine autosomal-rezessive Erkrankung, der eine Loss-of-Function-Mutation in SNAP29 zugrunde liegt. SNAP29 ist ein SNARE-Protein und an intrazellulären Membranfusionen beteiligt. CEDNIK ist ein Akronym für den mit dem Syndrom assoziierten Symptomkomplex aus zerebraler Dysgenese, Neuropathie, Ichthyose und Palmoplantarkeratosen. CEDNIK-Patienten weisen neben der Ichthyose zudem Gedeihstörungen, eine psychomotorische Retardierung und faziale Dysmorphien auf.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Martens
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - L. Boeckmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | - S. Emmert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
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Linders PTA, Peters E, ter Beest M, Lefeber DJ, van den Bogaart G. Sugary Logistics Gone Wrong: Membrane Trafficking and Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4654. [PMID: 32629928 PMCID: PMC7369703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification for both intracellular and secreted proteins. For glycosylation to occur, cargo must be transported after synthesis through the different compartments of the Golgi apparatus where distinct monosaccharides are sequentially bound and trimmed, resulting in increasingly complex branched glycan structures. Of utmost importance for this process is the intraorganellar environment of the Golgi. Each Golgi compartment has a distinct pH, which is maintained by the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase). Moreover, tethering factors such as Golgins and the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, in concert with coatomer (COPI) and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-mediated membrane fusion, efficiently deliver glycosylation enzymes to the right Golgi compartment. Together, these factors maintain intra-Golgi trafficking of proteins involved in glycosylation and thereby enable proper glycosylation. However, pathogenic mutations in these factors can cause defective glycosylation and lead to diseases with a wide variety of symptoms such as liver dysfunction and skin and bone disorders. Collectively, this group of disorders is known as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Recent technological advances have enabled the robust identification of novel CDGs related to membrane trafficking components. In this review, we highlight differences and similarities between membrane trafficking-related CDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. A. Linders
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
| | - Ella Peters
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
| | - Martin ter Beest
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Tumor Immunology Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (P.T.A.L.); (E.P.); (M.t.B.)
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Chakraborty A, Lin WC, Lin YT, Huang KJ, Wang PY, Chang IYF, Wang HI, Ma KT, Wang CY, Huang XR, Lee YH, Chen BC, Hsieh YJ, Chien KY, Lin TY, Liu JL, Sung LY, Yu JS, Chang YS, Pai LM. SNAP29 mediates the assembly of histidine-induced CTP synthase filaments in proximity to the cytokeratin network. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs240200. [PMID: 32184263 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Under metabolic stress, cellular components can assemble into distinct membraneless organelles for adaptation. One such example is cytidine 5'-triphosphate synthase (CTPS, for which there are CTPS1 and CTPS2 forms in mammals), which forms filamentous structures under glutamine deprivation. We have previously demonstrated that histidine (His)-mediated methylation regulates the formation of CTPS filaments to suppress enzymatic activity and preserve the CTPS protein under glutamine deprivation, which promotes cancer cell growth after stress alleviation. However, it remains unclear where and how these enigmatic structures are assembled. Using CTPS-APEX2-mediated in vivo proximity labeling, we found that synaptosome-associated protein 29 (SNAP29) regulates the spatiotemporal filament assembly of CTPS along the cytokeratin network in a keratin 8 (KRT8)-dependent manner. Knockdown of SNAP29 interfered with assembly and relaxed the filament-induced suppression of CTPS enzymatic activity. Furthermore, APEX2 proximity labeling of keratin 18 (KRT18) revealed a spatiotemporal association of SNAP29 with cytokeratin in response to stress. Super-resolution imaging suggests that during CTPS filament formation, SNAP29 interacts with CTPS along the cytokeratin network. This study links the cytokeratin network to the regulation of metabolism by compartmentalization of metabolic enzymes during nutrient deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archan Chakraborty
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsun Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Jing Huang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ian Yi-Feng Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Bioinformatics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Iu Wang
- Bioinformatics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Ting Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Rong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsien Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Hsieh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yi Chien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Clinical Proteomics Core laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yang Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Li-Mei Pai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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Yarwood R, Hellicar J, Woodman PG, Lowe M. Membrane trafficking in health and disease. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:13/4/dmm043448. [PMID: 32433026 PMCID: PMC7197876 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking pathways are essential for the viability and growth of cells, and play a major role in the interaction of cells with their environment. In this At a Glance article and accompanying poster, we outline the major cellular trafficking pathways and discuss how defects in the function of the molecular machinery that mediates this transport lead to various diseases in humans. We also briefly discuss possible therapeutic approaches that may be used in the future treatment of trafficking-based disorders. Summary: This At a Glance article and poster summarise the major intracellular membrane trafficking pathways and associated molecular machineries, and describe how defects in these give rise to disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Yarwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - John Hellicar
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Philip G Woodman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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29
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Yang H, Zhou H, Miao J. Uncrossed corticospinal tracts in a patient with ichthyosis and hemiparesis: a case report. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:120. [PMID: 32252685 PMCID: PMC7132884 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anomalies of pyramidal tract decussation are rare phenomena that can be caused by ectodermal dysplasia. Herein, we describe a patient with ichthyosis who exhibited ipsilateral hemiparesis after stroke and whose neuroimaging results showed evidence of motor control being provided by the ipsilateral motor cortex. Case presentation A 24-year-old right-handed man presented with skin abnormalities, sudden-onset left hemiparesis, and dysarthria. He exhibited a mild-to-moderate left-sided weakness (grade 4 on the Medical Research Council scale). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an acute infarct in the left corona radiata. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed uncrossed corticospinal tracts. Next-generation sequencing identified heterozygous FLG mutations. The patient was diagnosed with cerebral infarction and ichthyosis vulgaris and was treated with aspirin (100 mg/d). His symptoms gradually dissipated. Conclusions This case suggests that pyramidal decussation anomalies can be associated with ichthyosis. Patients with ichthyosis should therefore be evaluated for nerve involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijia Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jing Miao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Lőrincz P, Juhász G. Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2462-2482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Zhao Y, Diacou A, Johnston HR, Musfee FI, McDonald-McGinn DM, McGinn D, Crowley TB, Repetto GM, Swillen A, Breckpot J, Vermeesch JR, Kates WR, Digilio MC, Unolt M, Marino B, Pontillo M, Armando M, Di Fabio F, Vicari S, van den Bree M, Moss H, Owen MJ, Murphy KC, Murphy CM, Murphy D, Schoch K, Shashi V, Tassone F, Simon TJ, Shprintzen RJ, Campbell L, Philip N, Heine-Suñer D, García-Miñaúr S, Fernández L, Bearden CE, Vingerhoets C, van Amelsvoort T, Eliez S, Schneider M, Vorstman JAS, Gothelf D, Zackai E, Agopian AJ, Gur RE, Bassett AS, Emanuel BS, Goldmuntz E, Mitchell LE, Wang T, Morrow BE. Complete Sequence of the 22q11.2 Allele in 1,053 Subjects with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Reveals Modifiers of Conotruncal Heart Defects. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:26-40. [PMID: 31870554 PMCID: PMC7077921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) results from non-allelic homologous recombination between low-copy repeats termed LCR22. About 60%-70% of individuals with the typical 3 megabase (Mb) deletion from LCR22A-D have congenital heart disease, mostly of the conotruncal type (CTD), whereas others have normal cardiac anatomy. In this study, we tested whether variants in the hemizygous LCR22A-D region are associated with risk for CTDs on the basis of the sequence of the 22q11.2 region from 1,053 22q11.2DS individuals. We found a significant association (FDR p < 0.05) of the CTD subset with 62 common variants in a single linkage disequilibrium (LD) block in a 350 kb interval harboring CRKL. A total of 45 of the 62 variants were associated with increased risk for CTDs (odds ratio [OR) ranges: 1.64-4.75). Associations of four variants were replicated in a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies of CTDs in affected individuals without 22q11.2DS. One of the replicated variants, rs178252, is located in an open chromatin region and resides in the double-elite enhancer, GH22J020947, that is predicted to regulate CRKL (CRK-like proto-oncogene, cytoplasmic adaptor) expression. Approximately 23% of patients with nested LCR22C-D deletions have CTDs, and inactivation of Crkl in mice causes CTDs, thus implicating this gene as a modifier. Rs178252 and rs6004160 are expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) of CRKL. Furthermore, set-based tests identified an enhancer that is predicted to target CRKL and is significantly associated with CTD risk (GH22J020946, sequence kernal association test (SKAT) p = 7.21 × 10-5) in the 22q11.2DS cohort. These findings suggest that variance in CTD penetrance in the 22q11.2DS population can be explained in part by variants affecting CRKL expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Alexander Diacou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - H Richard Johnston
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Fadi I Musfee
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | - Daniel McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | - T Blaine Crowley
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | - Gabriela M Repetto
- Center for Genetics and Genomics, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7710162, Chile
| | - Ann Swillen
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Wendy R Kates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA; Program in Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13202, USA
| | - M Cristina Digilio
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome 00165, Italy
| | - Marta Unolt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome 00165, Italy; Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Bruno Marino
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Maria Pontillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome 00165, Italy
| | - Marco Armando
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome 00165, Italy; Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Di Fabio
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome 00165, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Catholic University, Rome 00153, Italy
| | - Marianne van den Bree
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Hayley Moss
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Kieran C Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 505095, Ireland
| | - Clodagh M Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK; Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, Behavioural Genetics Clinic, National Adult Autism and ADHD Service, South London and Maudsley Foundation National Health Service Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK; Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, Behavioural Genetics Clinic, National Adult Autism and ADHD Service, South London and Maudsley Foundation National Health Service Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Kelly Schoch
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Flora Tassone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Tony J Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | | | - Linda Campbell
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2258, Australia
| | - Nicole Philip
- Department of Medical Genetics, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille 13284, France
| | - Damian Heine-Suñer
- Genomics of Health and Unit of Molecular Diagnosis and Clinical Genetics, Son Espases University Hospital, Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, Palma de Mallorca 07120, Spain
| | - Sixto García-Miñaúr
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Luis Fernández
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Claudia Vingerhoets
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Jacob A S Vorstman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, 3584 CG, the Netherlands
| | - Doron Gothelf
- The Child Psychiatry Unit, Edmond and Lily Sapfra Children's Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University and Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, 52621, Israel
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | - A J Agopian
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anne S Bassett
- Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, Clinical Genetics Research Program, Toronto M5T 1L8, Ontario Canada; Toronto General Hospital, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto M5T 1L8, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 1L8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura E Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas 77225, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Bernice E Morrow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Le NQK, Huynh TT. Identifying SNAREs by Incorporating Deep Learning Architecture and Amino Acid Embedding Representation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1501. [PMID: 31920706 PMCID: PMC6914855 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptors) are a group of proteins that are crucial for membrane fusion and exocytosis of neurotransmitters from the cell. They play an important role in a broad range of cell processes, including cell growth, cytokinesis, and synaptic transmission, to promote cell membrane integration in eukaryotes. Many studies determined that SNARE proteins have been associated with a lot of human diseases, especially in cancer. Therefore, identifying their functions is a challenging problem for scientists to better understand the cancer disease as well as design the drug targets for treatment. We described each protein sequence based on the amino acid embeddings using fastText, which is a natural language processing model performing well in its field. Because each protein sequence is similar to a sentence with different words, applying language model into protein sequence is challenging and promising. After generating, the amino acid embedding features were fed into a deep learning algorithm for prediction. Our model which combines fastText model and deep convolutional neural networks could identify SNARE proteins with an independent test accuracy of 92.8%, sensitivity of 88.5%, specificity of 97%, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.86. Our performance results were superior to the state-of-the-art predictor (SNARE-CNN). We suggest this study as a reliable method for biologists for SNARE identification and it serves a basis for applying fastText word embedding model into bioinformatics, especially in protein sequencing prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quoc Khanh Le
- Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tuan-Tu Huynh
- Department of Electrical Electronic and Mechanical Engineering, Lac Hong University, Bien Hoa, Vietnam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Llaci L, Ramsey K, Belnap N, Claasen AM, Balak CD, Szelinger S, Jepsen WM, Siniard AL, Richholt R, Izat T, Naymik M, De Both M, Piras IS, Craig DW, Huentelman MJ, Narayanan V, Schrauwen I, Rangasamy S. Compound heterozygous mutations in SNAP29 is associated with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disorder (PMLD). Hum Genet 2019; 138:1409-1417. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Recessive Mutations in AP1B1 Cause Ichthyosis, Deafness, and Photophobia. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:1023-1029. [PMID: 31630788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe unrelated individuals with ichthyosis, failure to thrive, thrombocytopenia, photophobia, and progressive hearing loss. Each have bi-allelic mutations in AP1B1, the gene encoding the β subunit of heterotetrameric adaptor protein 1 (AP-1) complexes, which mediate endomembrane polarization, sorting, and transport. In affected keratinocytes the AP-1 β subunit is lost, and the γ subunit is greatly reduced, demonstrating destabilization of the AP-1 complex. Affected cells and tissue contain an abundance of abnormal vesicles and show hyperproliferation, abnormal epidermal differentiation, and derangement of intercellular junction proteins. Transduction of affected cells with wild-type AP1B1 rescues the vesicular phenotype, conclusively establishing that loss of AP1B1 function causes this disorder.
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The SNAP-25 Protein Family. Neuroscience 2019; 420:50-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Morrow BE, McDonald-McGinn DM, Emanuel BS, Vermeesch JR, Scambler PJ. Molecular genetics of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 176:2070-2081. [PMID: 30380194 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a congenital malformation and neuropsychiatric disorder caused by meiotic chromosome rearrangements. One of the goals of this review is to summarize the current state of basic research studies of 22q11.2DS. It highlights efforts to understand the mechanisms responsible for the 22q11.2 deletion that occurs in meiosis. This mechanism involves the four sets of low copy repeats (LCR22) that are dispersed in the 22q11.2 region and the deletion is mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination events. This review also highlights selected genes mapping to the 22q11.2 region that may contribute to the typical clinical findings associated with the disorder and explain that mutations in genes on the remaining allele can uncover rare recessive conditions. Another important aspect of 22q11.2DS is the existence of phenotypic heterogeneity. While some patients are mildly affected, others have severe medical, cognitive, and/or psychiatric challenges. Variability may be due in part to the presence of genetic modifiers. This review discusses current genome-wide efforts to identify such modifiers that could shed light on molecular pathways required for normal human development, cognition or behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice E Morrow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter J Scambler
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Keser V, Lachance JFB, Alam SS, Lim Y, Scarlata E, Kaur A, Zhang TF, Lv S, Lachapelle P, O’Flaherty C, Golden JA, Jerome-Majewska LA. Snap29 mutant mice recapitulate neurological and ophthalmological abnormalities associated with 22q11 and CEDNIK syndrome. Commun Biol 2019; 2:375. [PMID: 31633066 PMCID: PMC6789041 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptosomal-associated protein 29 (SNAP29) encodes a member of the SNARE family of proteins implicated in numerous intracellular protein trafficking pathways. SNAP29 maps to the 22q11.2 region and is deleted in 90% of patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). Moreover, bi-allelic SNAP29 mutations in patients are responsible for CEDNIK (cerebral dysgenesis, neuropathy, ichthyosis, and keratoderma) syndrome. A mouse model that recapitulates abnormalities found in these syndromes is essential for uncovering the cellular basis of these disorders. In this study, we report that mice with a loss of function mutation of Snap29 on a mixed CD1;FvB genetic background recapitulate skin abnormalities associated with CEDNIK, and also phenocopy neurological and ophthalmological abnormalities found in CEDNIK and a subset of 22q11.2DS patients. Our work also reveals an unanticipated requirement for Snap29 in male fertility and supports contribution of hemizygosity for SNAP29 to the phenotypic spectrum of abnormalities found in 22q11.2DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Keser
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | | | | | - Youngshin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Eleonora Scarlata
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
- Department of Surgery (Urology Division), McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Apinder Kaur
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Tian Fang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Shasha Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Pierre Lachapelle
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Cristian O’Flaherty
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
- Department of Surgery (Urology Division), McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
| | - Jeffrey A. Golden
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Loydie A. Jerome-Majewska
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University Health Centre at Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1 Canada
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Saudubray JM, Mochel F, Lamari F, Garcia-Cazorla A. Proposal for a simplified classification of IMD based on a pathophysiological approach: A practical guide for clinicians. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:706-727. [PMID: 30883825 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In view of the rapidly expanding number of IMD discovered by next generation sequencing, we propose a simplified classification of IMD that mixes elements from a clinical diagnostic perspective and a pathophysiological approach based on three large categories. We highlight the increasing importance of complex molecule metabolism and its connection with cell biology processes. Small molecule disorders have biomarkers and are divided in two subcategories: accumulation and deficiency. Accumulation of small molecules leads to acute or progressive postnatal "intoxication", present after a symptom-free interval, aggravated by catabolism and food intake. These treatable disorders must not be missed! Deficiency of small molecules is due to impaired synthesis of compounds distal to a block or altered transport of essential molecules. This subgroup shares many clinical characteristics with complex molecule disorders. Complex molecules (like glycogen, sphingolipids, phospholipids, glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids) are poorly diffusible. Accumulation of complex molecules leads to postnatal progressive storage like in glycogen and lysosomal storage disorders. Many are treatable. Deficiency of complex molecules is related to the synthesis and recycling of these molecules, which take place in organelles. They may interfere with fœtal development. Most present as neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders unrelated to food intake. Peroxisomal disorders, CDG defects of intracellular trafficking and processing, recycling of synaptic vesicles, and tRNA synthetases also belong to this category. Only few have biomarkers and are treatable. Disorders involving primarily energy metabolism encompass defects of membrane carriers of energetic molecules as well as cytoplasmic and mitochondrial metabolic defects. This oversimplified classification is connected to the most recent available nosology of IMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Saudubray
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique Neurométabolique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique Neurométabolique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence Neurométabolique Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC-Paris 6, UMR S 1127 and Inserm U 1127, and CNRS UMR 7225, and ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
- Département de Génétique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Foudil Lamari
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique Neurométabolique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence Neurométabolique Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Département de Biochimie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Angeles Garcia-Cazorla
- Neurology Department, Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Lab, Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, metabERN and CIBERER-ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
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Motahari Z, Moody SA, Maynard TM, LaMantia AS. In the line-up: deleted genes associated with DiGeorge/22q11.2 deletion syndrome: are they all suspects? J Neurodev Disord 2019; 11:7. [PMID: 31174463 PMCID: PMC6554986 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-019-9267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a copy number variation (CNV) disorder, occurs in approximately 1:4000 live births due to a heterozygous microdeletion at position 11.2 (proximal) on the q arm of human chromosome 22 (hChr22) (McDonald-McGinn and Sullivan, Medicine 90:1-18, 2011). This disorder was known as DiGeorge syndrome, Velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) or conotruncal anomaly face syndrome (CTAF) based upon diagnostic cardiovascular, pharyngeal, and craniofacial anomalies (McDonald-McGinn and Sullivan, Medicine 90:1-18, 2011; Burn et al., J Med Genet 30:822-4, 1993) before this phenotypic spectrum was associated with 22q11.2 CNVs. Subsequently, 22q11.2 deletion emerged as a major genomic lesion associated with vulnerability for several clinically defined behavioral deficits common to a number of neurodevelopmental disorders (Fernandez et al., Principles of Developmental Genetics, 2015; Robin and Shprintzen, J Pediatr 147:90-6, 2005; Schneider et al., Am J Psychiatry 171:627-39, 2014). RESULTS The mechanistic relationships between heterozygously deleted 22q11.2 genes and 22q11DS phenotypes are still unknown. We assembled a comprehensive "line-up" of the 36 protein coding loci in the 1.5 Mb minimal critical deleted region on hChr22q11.2, plus 20 protein coding loci in the distal 1.5 Mb that defines the 3 Mb typical 22q11DS deletion. We categorized candidates based upon apparent primary cell biological functions. We analyzed 41 of these genes that encode known proteins to determine whether haploinsufficiency of any single 22q11.2 gene-a one gene to one phenotype correspondence due to heterozygous deletion restricted to that locus-versus complex multigenic interactions can account for single or multiple 22q11DS phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our 22q11.2 functional genomic assessment does not support current theories of single gene haploinsufficiency for one or all 22q11DS phenotypes. Shared molecular functions, convergence on fundamental cell biological processes, and related consequences of individual 22q11.2 genes point to a matrix of multigenic interactions due to diminished 22q11.2 gene dosage. These interactions target fundamental cellular mechanisms essential for development, maturation, or homeostasis at subsets of 22q11DS phenotypic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Motahari
- The Institute for Neuroscience, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037 USA
| | - Sally Ann Moody
- The Institute for Neuroscience, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037 USA
| | - Thomas Michael Maynard
- The Institute for Neuroscience, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037 USA
| | - Anthony-Samuel LaMantia
- The Institute for Neuroscience, and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, 20037 USA
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Saudubray JM, Garcia-Cazorla A. An overview of inborn errors of metabolism affecting the brain: from neurodevelopment to neurodegenerative disorders. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2019. [PMID: 30936770 PMCID: PMC6436954 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2018.20.4/jmsaudubray] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are particularly frequent as diseases of the nervous system. In the pediatric neurologic presentations of IEMs neurodevelopment is constantly disturbed and in fact, as far as biochemistry is involved, any kind of monogenic disease can become an IEM. Clinical features are very diverse and may present as a neurodevelopmental disorder (antenatal or late-onset), as well as an intermittent, a fixed chronic, or a progressive and late-onset neurodegenerative disorder. This also occurs within the same disorder in which a continuum spectrum of severity is frequently observed. In general, the small molecule defects have screening metabolic markers and many are treatable. By contrast only a few complex molecules defects have metabolic markers and most of them are not treatable so far. Recent molecular techniques have considerably contributed in the description of many new diseases and unexpected phenotypes. This paper provides a comprehensive list of IEMs that affect neurodevelopment and may also present with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Saudubray
- Department of Neurology, Neurometabolic Unit, Hopital Pitié Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Angela Garcia-Cazorla
- Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Lab (Department of Neurology), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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Poojary S, Shah KS, Bhalala KB, Hegde AU. CEDNIK syndrome in an Indian patient with a novel mutation of the SNAP29 gene. Pediatr Dermatol 2019; 36:372-376. [PMID: 30793783 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CEDNIK (CErebral Dysgenesis, Neuropathy, Ichthyosis, and Keratoderma) syndrome is a neuroichthyotic syndrome characterized by a constellation of clinical features including severe developmental retardation, microcephaly, and facial dysmorphism. Here, we report the first case of CEDNIK syndrome from India presenting with characteristic clinical features and harboring a novel mutation of SNAP29 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital Poojary
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, K. J. Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kapisha S Shah
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, K. J. Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Krishna B Bhalala
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, K. J. Somaiya Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anaita Udwadia Hegde
- Jaslok Hospital and Research Center, Breach Candy Hospital Trust, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, SRCC Children's Hospital managed by Narayana Health, Mumbai, India
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42
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Niego A, Benítez-Burraco A. Williams Syndrome, Human Self-Domestication, and Language Evolution. Front Psychol 2019; 10:521. [PMID: 30936846 PMCID: PMC6431629 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Language evolution resulted from changes in our biology, behavior, and culture. One source of these changes might be human self-domestication. Williams syndrome (WS) is a clinical condition with a clearly defined genetic basis which results in a distinctive behavioral and cognitive profile, including enhanced sociability. In this paper we show evidence that the WS phenotype can be satisfactorily construed as a hyper-domesticated human phenotype, plausibly resulting from the effect of the WS hemideletion on selected candidates for domestication and neural crest (NC) function. Specifically, we show that genes involved in animal domestication and NC development and function are significantly dysregulated in the blood of subjects with WS. We also discuss the consequences of this link between domestication and WS for our current understanding of language evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Niego
- Ph.D. Program, Faculty of Humanities, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Antonio Benítez-Burraco
- Department of Spanish, Linguistics, and Theory of Literature, Faculty of Philology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Mastrodonato V, Beznoussenko G, Mironov A, Ferrari L, Deflorian G, Vaccari T. A genetic model of CEDNIK syndrome in zebrafish highlights the role of the SNARE protein Snap29 in neuromotor and epidermal development. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1211. [PMID: 30718891 PMCID: PMC6361908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygous mutations in SNAP29, encoding a SNARE protein mainly involved in membrane fusion, cause CEDNIK (Cerebral Dysgenesis, Neuropathy, Ichthyosis and Keratoderma), a rare congenital neurocutaneous syndrome associated with short life expectancy, whose pathogenesis is unclear. Here, we report the analysis of the first genetic model of CEDNIK in zebrafish. Strikingly, homozygous snap29 mutant larvae display CEDNIK-like features, such as microcephaly and skin defects. Consistent with Snap29 role in membrane fusion during autophagy, we observe accumulation of the autophagy markers p62 and LC3, and formation of aberrant multilamellar organelles and mitochondria. Importantly, we find high levels of apoptotic cell death during early development that might play a yet uncharacterized role in CEDNIK pathogenesis. Mutant larvae also display mouth opening problems, feeding impairment and swimming difficulties. These alterations correlate with defective trigeminal nerve formation and excess axonal branching. Since the paralog Snap25 is known to promote axonal branching, Snap29 might act in opposition with, or modulate Snap25 activity during neurodevelopment. Our vertebrate genetic model of CEDNIK extends the description in vivo of the multisystem defects due to loss of Snap29 and could provide the base to test compounds that might ameliorate traits of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mastrodonato
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Department of Biosciences, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Galina Beznoussenko
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexandre Mironov
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Ferrari
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Deflorian
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.
| | - Thomas Vaccari
- University of Milan, Department of Biosciences, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Dingjan I, Linders PTA, Verboogen DRJ, Revelo NH, Ter Beest M, van den Bogaart G. Endosomal and Phagosomal SNAREs. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1465-1492. [PMID: 29790818 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein family is of vital importance for organelle communication. The complexing of cognate SNARE members present in both the donor and target organellar membranes drives the membrane fusion required for intracellular transport. In the endocytic route, SNARE proteins mediate trafficking between endosomes and phagosomes with other endosomes, lysosomes, the Golgi apparatus, the plasma membrane, and the endoplasmic reticulum. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the SNAREs involved in endosomal and phagosomal trafficking. Of the 38 SNAREs present in humans, 30 have been identified at endosomes and/or phagosomes. Many of these SNAREs are targeted by viruses and intracellular pathogens, which thereby reroute intracellular transport for gaining access to nutrients, preventing their degradation, and avoiding their detection by the immune system. A fascinating picture is emerging of a complex transport network with multiple SNAREs being involved in consecutive trafficking routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Dingjan
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Peter T A Linders
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Danielle R J Verboogen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Natalia H Revelo
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Martin Ter Beest
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; and Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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Cortès-Saladelafont E, Lipstein N, García-Cazorla À. Presynaptic disorders: a clinical and pathophysiological approach focused on the synaptic vesicle. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:1131-1145. [PMID: 30022305 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this report is to present a tentative clinical and pathophysiological approach to diseases affecting the neuronal presynaptic terminal, with a major focus on synaptic vesicles (SVs). Diseases are classified depending on which step of the neurobiology of the SV is predominantly affected: (1) biogenesis of vesicle precursors in the neuronal soma; (2) transport along the axon; (3) vesicle cycle at the presynaptic terminal (exocytosis-endocytosis cycle, with the main purpose of neurotransmitter release). Given that SVs have been defined as individual organelles, we highlight the link between the biological processes disturbed by genetic mutations and the clinical presentation of these disorders. The great majority of diseases may present as epileptic encephalopathies, intellectual disability (syndromic or nonsyndromic) with/without autism spectrum disorder (and other neuropsychiatric symptoms), and movement disorders. These symptoms may overlap and present in patients as a combination of clinical signs that results in the spectrum of the synaptopathies. A small number of diseases may also exhibit neuromuscular signs. In general, SV disorders tend to be severe, early encephalopathies that interfere with neurodevelopment. As a consequence, developmental delay and intellectual disability are constant in almost all the defects described. Considering that some of these diseases might mimic other neurometabolic conditions (and in particular treatable disorders), an initial extensive metabolic workup should always be considered. Further knowledge into pathophysiological mechanisms and biomarkers, as well as descriptions of new presynaptic disorders, will probably take place in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisenda Cortès-Saladelafont
- Department of Neurology, Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Laboratory, Institut Pediàtric de Recerca and CIBERER, ISCIII, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noa Lipstein
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Àngels García-Cazorla
- Department of Neurology, Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Laboratory, Institut Pediàtric de Recerca and CIBERER, ISCIII, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.
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46
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García-Cazorla À, Saudubray JM. Cellular neurometabolism: a tentative to connect cell biology and metabolism in neurology. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:1043-1054. [PMID: 30014209 PMCID: PMC6326994 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It has become increasingly evident that inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are particularly prevalent as diseases of the nervous system and that a broader, more inclusive definition of IEM is necessary. In fact, as long as biochemistry is involved, any kind of monogenic disease can become an IEM. This new, extended definition includes new categories and mechanisms, and as a general trend will go beyond a single biochemical pathway and/or organelle, and will appear as a connection of multiple crossroads in a system biology approach.From one side, a simplified and updated classification of IEM is presented that mixes elements from the diagnostic approach with pathophysiological considerations into three large categories based on the size of molecules ("small and simple" or "large and complex") and their implication in energy metabolism. But from another side, whatever their size, metabolites involved in IEM may behave in the brain as signalling molecules, structural components and fuels, and many metabolites have more than one role. Neurometabolism is becoming more relevant, not only in relation to these new categories of diseases but also as a necessary way to explain the mechanisms of brain damage in classically defined categories of IEM. Brain metabolism, which has been largely disregarded in the traditional approach to investigating and treating neurological diseases, is a major clue and probably the next imminent "revolution" in neurology and neuroscience. Biochemistry (metabolism) and cell neurobiology need to meet. Additionally, the brain should be studied as a system (connecting different levels of complexity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngels García-Cazorla
- Neurometabolic Unit and Synaptic Metabolism Lab (Department of Neurology), Institut Pediàtric de Recerca. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu and CIBERER (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Marie Saudubray
- Department of Neurology, Neurometabolic Unit, Hopital Pitié Salpétrière, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hopital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France
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47
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Imaging SNAP-29 in Drosophila. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 30317520 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8760-3_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
SNAP-29 is expressed throughout the life cycle of fruit fly and exhibits wide tissue distribution patterns. Unlike other SNAP-25-like proteins (i.e., SNAP-25, SNAP-23/24, and SNAP-47) which primarily support exocytosis at the plasma membrane, SNAP-29 regulates various intracellular trafficking events, by partnering with proteins active in both exocytosis and endocytosis. Here we describe the protocol to localize SNAP-29 in early embryos, imaginal discs from third instar larva, and immortalized S2 cells via immunofluorescence microscopy.
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48
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Zhao Y, Guo T, Fiksinski A, Breetvelt E, McDonald-McGinn DM, Crowley TB, Diacou A, Schneider M, Eliez S, Swillen A, Breckpot J, Vermeesch J, Chow EWC, Gothelf D, Duijff S, Evers R, van Amelsvoort TA, van den Bree M, Owen M, Niarchou M, Bearden CE, Ornstein C, Pontillo M, Buzzanca A, Vicari S, Armando M, Murphy KC, Murphy C, Garcia-Minaur S, Philip N, Campbell L, Morey-Cañellas J, Raventos J, Rosell J, Heine-Suner D, Shprintzen RJ, Gur RE, Zackai E, Emanuel BS, Wang T, Kates WR, Bassett AS, Vorstman JAS, Morrow BE. Variance of IQ is partially dependent on deletion type among 1,427 22q11.2 deletion syndrome subjects. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2172-2181. [PMID: 30289625 PMCID: PMC6209529 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is caused by non-allelic homologous recombination events during meiosis between low copy repeats (LCR22) termed A, B, C, and D. Most patients have a typical LCR22A-D (AD) deletion of 3 million base pairs (Mb). In this report, we evaluated IQ scores in 1,478 subjects with 22q11.2DS. The mean of full scale IQ, verbal IQ, and performance IQ scores in our cohort were 72.41 (standard deviation-SD of 13.72), 75.91(SD of 14.46), and 73.01(SD of 13.71), respectively. To investigate whether IQ scores are associated with deletion size, we examined individuals with the 3 Mb, AD (n = 1,353) and nested 1.5 Mb, AB (n = 74) deletions, since they comprised the largest subgroups. We found that full scale IQ was decreased by 6.25 points (p = .002), verbal IQ was decreased by 8.17 points (p = .0002) and performance IQ was decreased by 4.03 points (p = .028) in subjects with the AD versus AB deletion. Thus, individuals with the smaller, 1.5 Mb AB deletion have modestly higher IQ scores than those with the larger, 3 Mb AD deletion. Overall, the deletion of genes in the AB region largely explains the observed low IQ in the 22q11.2DS population. However, our results also indicate that haploinsufficiency of genes in the LCR22B-D region (BD) exert an additional negative impact on IQ. Furthermore, we did not find evidence of a confounding effect of severe congenital heart disease on IQ scores in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tingwei Guo
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ania Fiksinski
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elemi Breetvelt
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Donna M. McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Terrence B. Crowley
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Alexander Diacou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maude Schneider
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ann Swillen
- Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Vermeesch
- Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva W. C. Chow
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Doron Gothelf
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Child Psychiatry Division, Edmond and Lily Sapfra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sasja Duijff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rens Evers
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marianne van den Bree
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Michael Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Maria Niarchou
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Ornstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile,, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Pontillo
- Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Children Hospital Bambino Gesu, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino Buzzanca
- Department of Human Neuroscience, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Children Hospital Bambino Gesu, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Armando
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Children Hospital Bambino Gesu, Rome, Italy
| | - Kieran C. Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clodagh Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, England
| | - Sixto Garcia-Minaur
- Section of Clinical Genetics and Dismorphology, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, INGEMM, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicole Philip
- Department of Medical Genetics, APHM, MMG, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Linda Campbell
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | | | - Jordi Rosell
- Section of Genetics, Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | | | - Robert J. Shprintzen
- The Virtual Center for Velo-Cardio-Facial Syndrome and Related Disorders, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry and the Lifespan Brain Institute, Perelman School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Beverly S. Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wendy R. Kates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Program in Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Anne S. Bassett
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The Dalglish 22q Clinic for Adults, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Bernice E. Morrow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Yamanishi H, Soma T, Kishimoto J, Hibino T, Ishida-Yamamoto A. Marked Changes in Lamellar Granule and Trans-Golgi Network Structure Occur during Epidermal Keratinocyte Differentiation. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:352-359. [PMID: 30240698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal lamellar granules transport various lipids, proteins, and protein inhibitors from the trans-Golgi network to the extracellular space, and play an important role in skin barrier formation. We elucidated the 3-dimensional structure of lamellar granules and the trans-Golgi network in normal human skin by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. Reconstructed focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy 3-dimensional images revealed that the overall lamellar granule structure changed from vesicular to reticular within the second layer of the stratum granulosum. Furthermore, the trans-Golgi network was well developed within this layer and spread through the cytoplasm with branched, tubular structures that connected to lamellar granules. Our study reveals the unique overall 3-dimensional structure of lamellar granules and the trans-Golgi network within the cells of the epidermis, and provides the basis for an understanding of the skin barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsutomu Soma
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jiro Kishimoto
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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50
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Ishida-Yamamoto A, Igawa S, Kishibe M. Molecular basis of the skin barrier structures revealed by electron microscopy. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:841-846. [PMID: 29704884 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The barrier function of skin is indispensable for terrestrial animals. This function is mainly carried out by the epidermis, more specifically by its granular and cornified layers. The major structural components associated with this function are the intercellular lipid layer, desmosomes, corneodesmosomes, tight junctions, cornified cell envelope and keratin filaments. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of their ultrastructure, their molecular basis and their relevance to skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satomi Igawa
- Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Mari Kishibe
- Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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