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Suominen NT, Luukkaala TH, Laprise C, Haataja MA, Grénman SE, Syrjänen SM, Louvanto K. Human Papillomavirus Concordance Between Parents and Their Newborn Offspring: Results From the Finnish Family Human Papillomavirus Study. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:448-456. [PMID: 37562006 PMCID: PMC10873173 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The knowledge on vertical human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission is limited. We aimed to determine whether HPV transmission from parents to their offspring occurs before or during birth. METHODS Altogether, 321 mothers, 134 fathers, and their 321 newborn offspring from the Finnish Family HPV study cohort were included. Parents' genital and oral brush samples and semen samples were collected for HPV testing at baseline (36 weeks of pregnancy). Oral, genital, and umbilical samples from the newborn and placenta samples were collected for HPV testing immediately after delivery. HPV risk for the newborn was calculated from the mother's and father's HPV status by using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Concordances between mothers' and their newborns' HPV genotype at any site were statistically significant with HPV-6, -16, -18, -31, and -56; odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 3.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-6.48) for HPV-16 to 634 (95% CI, 28.5-14 087) for HPV-31. Father-newborn HPV concordance was statistically significant with HPV-6 and HPV-31 (ORs, 4.89 [95% CI, 1.09-21.9] and 65.0 [95% CI, 2.92-1448], respectively). CONCLUSIONS The genotype-specific HPV concordance between parents and their newborn is suggestive for vertical HPV transmission. However, transmission from the father to the newborn remains more uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli T Suominen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Tiina H Luukkaala
- Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudie Laprise
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marjut A Haataja
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Seija E Grénman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Stina M Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Karolina Louvanto
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Suominen NT, Roger M, Faucher MC, Syrjänen KJ, Grénman SE, Syrjänen SM, Louvanto K. HLA-G Alleles Impact the Perinatal Father-Child HPV Transmission. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5798-5810. [PMID: 37504282 PMCID: PMC10378566 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The host factors that influence father-to-child human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission remain unknown. This study evaluated whether human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G alleles are important in father-to-child HPV transmission during the perinatal period. Altogether, 134 father-newborn pairs from the Finnish Family HPV Study were included. Oral, semen and urethral samples from the fathers were collected before the delivery, and oral samples were collected from their offspring at delivery and postpartum on day 3 and during 1-, 2- and 6-month follow-up visits. HLA-G alleles were tested by direct sequencing. Unconditional logistic regression was used to determine the association of the father-child HLA-G allele and genotype concordance with the father-child HPV prevalence and concordance at birth and during follow-up. HLA-G allele G*01:01:03 concordance was associated with the father's urethral and child's oral high-risk (HR)-HPV concordance at birth (OR 17.00, 95% CI: 1.24-232.22). HLA-G allele G*01:04:01 concordance increased the father's oral and child's postpartum oral any- and HR-HPV concordance with an OR value of 7.50 (95% CI: 1.47-38.16) and OR value of 7.78 (95% CI: 1.38-43.85), respectively. There was no association between different HLA-G genotypes and HPV concordance among the father-child pairs at birth or postpartum. To conclude, the HLA-G allele concordance appears to impact the HPV transmission between the father and his offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli T Suominen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vaasa Central Hospital, 65130 Vaasa, Finland
| | - Michel Roger
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie et Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Faucher
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie et Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Kari J Syrjänen
- Department of Clinical Research, Biohit Oyj, 00880 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seija E Grénman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Stina M Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Karolina Louvanto
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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Antunović M, Raonić J, Vučković L. Prognostic significance of HPV16 infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma. BALKAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.5937/bjdm2301038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Many studies confirmed strong association between oncogenic genotypes of Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) and some oropharyngeal and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of HPV16 infection in OSCC in population of Montenegro i.e. correlation between HPV16 infection and disease free interval (DFI), disease recurrence and metastasis occurrence. Material and Methods: We examined surgically obtained specimens from 60 patients with OSCC (localized on the lower lip, tongue or/and floor of the mouth) in six years period. Tumor tissue samples were used for histological analysis and HPV16 genome PCR detection (primers for detection of E6 gene). Patients were followed up for the 3 years. Results: HPV16 infection was more commonly detected in females with OSCC (p=0.038), while no correlation between this infection and disease recurrence (p= 0.122) and/or metastasis occurrence (p= 0.934) was found. DFI was not significantly different between patients with or without HPV16 infection (p= 0.427), but DFI was significantly shorter (p= 0.003) in females with oral HPV16 infection compared to male patients with this infection. Conclusions: Counting that HPV16 infection has a negative prognostic significance in OSCC, the HPV immunization program against genital HPV infection, would also have a positive impact on the frequency of HPV-mediated OSCC in Montenegrin population.
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Pirttilä T, Syrjänen S, Louvanto K, Loimaranta V. Longitudinal Dynamics of HPV16 Antibodies in Saliva and Serum among Pregnant Women. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112567. [PMID: 36423177 PMCID: PMC9693129 DOI: 10.3390/v14112567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral infections with high-risk (hr)HPV genotypes are associated with a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Oral hrHPV infections may result from having oral sex, but also from horizontal infection from mouth to mouth. In such cases, saliva can serve as a vehicle for HPV transmission. Still, the prevalence and dynamics of salivary HPV antibodies in healthy non-vaccinated individuals are poorly known and the role of the salivary antibodies in protection from oral HPV infection is unclear. We used an ELISA assay to evaluate the dynamics and correlation of oral HPV16 infection and HPV16L1 and E7 specific antibody levels in saliva and serum samples among 39 women, 13 of which had persistent oral HPV16 infection. The women were mothers-to-be, sampled before delivery and followed up for 36 months postpartum. HPV16L1 IgG and sIgA antibodies were regularly detected in saliva. Antibody levels in serum remained stable during the 36-month follow-up, while antibody levels in saliva fluctuated. There was considerable individual variation in salivary HPV16L1 antibody levels, and some women had persistent oral HPV16 infection but no salivary antibodies. No differences in salivary HPV16L1 levels were found between the women with persistent or transient oral HPV16 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Pirttilä
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Stina Syrjänen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Karolina Louvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, 33500 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vuokko Loimaranta
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence:
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La infección orofaríngea neonatal por VPH en nuestro medio. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Herpes Simplex Virus Seroprevalence among Pregnant Finnish Women and Their Spouses-A Six-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081506. [PMID: 35893566 PMCID: PMC9331543 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the herpes simplex virus (HSV) seroprevalence and seroconversion among 285 pregnant women and their 120 male spouses in Finland during a six-year follow-up (FU) between 1998–2008. We also studied the effect of sexual habits, pregnancy, and other demographic factors on the acquisition of HSV infection. Combined HSV-1 and HSV-2-IgG antibodies were assessed in the first baseline serum samples with an indirect enzyme immunoassay method. The individuals with seronegative or borderline HSV serology at baseline were additionally tested using their latest FU serum sample available. The overall HSV seroprevalence during the FU was 58.9% (168/285) among the women and 53.3% (64/120) among their spouses. The seroconversion rate was 11.4% (15/132) and 12.5% (8/64) among women and their spouses, respectively. Both spouses were HSV seropositive in 39.2% (47/120). To determine the HSV-2 seroprevalence, we also tested all HSV-seropositive participants using HSV-2-specific antigen. HSV-2 seropositivity was detected in 10.9% (44/405) of the participants. The age (p = 0.006) and history of genital warts (p = 0.006) of the women were associated with combined HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 seropositivity, while a younger age was related to HSV seroconversion (p = 0.023). Among the male spouses, HSV seropositivity was associated with the practice of oral sex (p = 0.033). To conclude, women of childbearing age acquire primary HSV infections and the presence of HSV in oral epithelium is common among HSV-seropositive individuals.
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Elósegui JJH, Torices MSS, Rísquez ACF, Montes JFE, García ALC. Neonatal oropharyngeal infection by HPV in our area. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022; 97:112-118. [PMID: 35850963 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) is mainly considered a sexually transmitted disease, newborns exposed to the virus in the perinatal period can also be infected through mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. The aim of our study was to increase our understanding of neonatal oropharyngeal infection by HPV, trying to establish its frequency, mechanisms of infection and persistence through age 2 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a prospective, observational and descriptive study in a cohort of neonates born vaginally whose mothers carried HPV in the lower genital tract at the time of delivery. Tests for detection of HPV in amniotic fluid, venous cord blood and oropharyngeal secretions were performed in every neonate, and we conducted microbiological follow-up of infants colonized by HPV up to age 2 years. RESULTS The prevalence of oropharyngeal colonization at birth was 58.24%. In the 24-month follow-up, the proportions of clearance and persistence of HPV in the oropharynx were 94.34% and 5.66%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this case series suggest that neonatal oropharyngeal colonization by HPV, while frequent in the postpartum period, is usually a self-limited process, and the main mechanism of infection transvaginal intrapartum vertical transmission. Although colonization in most neonates is transient and asymptomatic, the clinical significance of persistent carriage remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Joaquín Hijona Elósegui
- Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
| | - María Soledad Sánchez Torices
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén. Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Fernández Rísquez
- Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Luis Carballo García
- Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Antunović M, Lopičić M, Vučković L, Raonić J, Mugoša S. Prevalence and clinical implications of the HPV16 infection in oral cancer in Montenegro – Evidence to support the immunization program. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2022; 69:241-246. [PMID: 35895465 DOI: 10.1556/030.2022.01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) makes 85–95% of all malignances in the oral cavity. Increasing evidence shows that the Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are preferentially associated with some oropharyngeal and OSCCs, namely the genotype 16. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and clinical implications of HPV16 infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma in population of Montenegro.
This study included 60 patients with OSCC (localized on the lower lip, tongue or/and floor of the mouth), surgically treated at the Clinical Centre of Montenegro from 2012 to 2018. Surgically obtained formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens were used for histopathological analysis and HPV16 genome detection using standard Polymerase Chain Reaction (primers for detection of E6 gene). Each individual was further followed up for the period of three years and for different clinico-pathological characteristics, including disease free interval (DFI).
The prevalence of HPV16 infection in OSCCs was 23.3% and the infection was significantly more common in female patients (P = 0.038). No significant correlation was detectable between HPV16 infection and the patients' age (P = 0.302), tumor site (P = 0.125), tumor grade (P = 0.363) and disease stage (P = 0.995). Observing the total sample the DFI was not significantly different for HPV16-positive versus HPV16-negative patients (P = 0.427), but a gender-based difference in DFI was observed, with the significantly shorter DFI (Log Rank test, P = 0.003) in HPV16 positive female patients compared to male patients (P = 0.003).
The results obtained in this study provide scientific evidence for the development of national HPV vaccination program in Montenegro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Lopičić
- Institute of Public Health of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | | | - Janja Raonić
- Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Snežana Mugoša
- Institute for Medicines and Medical Devices of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Medical Faculty of the University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
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Syrjänen S, Waterboer T, Rintala M, Pawlita M, Syrjänen K, Louvanto K, Grenman S. Maternal HPV-antibodies and seroconversion to HPV in children during the first 3 years of life. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2227. [PMID: 35140326 PMCID: PMC8828864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the dynamics of human papillomavirus (HPV) serology, we analyzed HPV6-,11-,16-,18-, and 45 antibodies in infants during the first 36 months of their life. Serial serum samples of 276/327 mother–child pairs were collected at baseline (mothers) and at months 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 36 (offspring), and tested for HPVL1-antibodies using the GST-L1 assay. Concordance between maternal and infant HPV-antibody levels remained high until month-6 (p < = 0.001), indicating maternal antibody transfer. At 1 month, 40–62% of the infants tested seropositive to any of the 5 HPV-types. Between 1–3 years of age, 53% (58/109) of the children born to HPV-seronegative mothers tested HPV-seropositive. Times to positive seroconversion varied between13.4 and 18.7 months, and times to negative seroconversion (decay) between 8.5 and 9.9 months. Significant independent predictors of infants’ seroconversion to LR-HPV were hand warts and mother’s history of oral warts and seroconversion to LR-HPV. No predictors of seroconversion to HR-HPV were identified. Maternal HPV-IgG-antibodies are transferred to her offspring and remain detectable for 6 months, corroborating the IgG molecule’s half-life. Seroconversion to HPV-genotypes 6, 11, 16 and 18 was confirmed among children born to HPV-seronegative mothers, implicating an immune response to these HPV-genotypes during early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Department of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis, Infection and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marjut Rintala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Department of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis, Infection and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kari Syrjänen
- Department of Clinical Research, Biohit Oyj, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karolina Louvanto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seija Grenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Loenenbach A, Pawlita M, Waterboer T, Harder T, Poethko-Müller C, Thamm M, Lachmann R, Deleré Y, Wichmann O, Wiese-Posselt M. Seroprevalence of mucosal and cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) types among children and adolescents in the general population in Germany. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:44. [PMID: 35012452 PMCID: PMC8751243 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Germany, HPV vaccination of adolescent girls was introduced in 2007. Nationally representative data on the distribution of vaccine-relevant HPV types in the pre-vaccination era are, however, only available for the adult population. To obtain data in children and adolescents, we assessed the prevalence and determinants of serological response to 16 different HPV types in a representative sample of 12,257 boys and girls aged 1–17 years living in Germany in 2003–2005. Methods Serum samples were tested for antibodies to nine mucosal and seven cutaneous HPV types. The samples had been collected during the nationally representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents in 2003–2006. We calculated age- and gender-specific HPV seroprevalence. We used multivariable regression models to identify associations between demographic and behavioral characteristics and HPV seropositivity. Results We found low but non-zero seroprevalence for the majority of tested HPV types among children and adolescents in Germany. The overall seroprevalence of HPV-16 was 2.6%, with slightly higher values in adolescents. Seroprevalence of all mucosal types but HPV-6 ranged from 0.6% for HPV-33, to 6.4% for HPV-31 and did not differ by gender. We found high overall seroprevalence for HPV-6 with 24.8%. Cutaneous HPV type seroprevalence ranged from 4.0% for HPV-38 to 31.7% for HPV-1. In the majority of cutaneous types, seroprevalence did not differ between boys and girls, but increased sharply with age, (e.g., HPV-1 from 1.5% in 1–3-years-old to 45.1% in 10–11-years-old). Associations between behavioral factors and type-specific HPV prevalence were determined to be heterogeneous. Conclusions We report the first nationally representative data of naturally acquired HPV antibody reactivity in the pre-HPV-vaccination era among children and adolescents living in Germany. These data can be used as baseline estimates for evaluating the impact of the current HPV vaccination strategy targeting 9–14-years-old boys and girls. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07028-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Loenenbach
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Harder
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Thamm
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raskit Lachmann
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ole Wichmann
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Wiese-Posselt
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Condrat CE, Filip L, Gherghe M, Cretoiu D, Suciu N. Maternal HPV Infection: Effects on Pregnancy Outcome. Viruses 2021; 13:2455. [PMID: 34960724 PMCID: PMC8707668 DOI: 10.3390/v13122455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, caused by a ubiquitous virus typically transmitted through the direct contact of infected organs, either through the skin or mucosa, is the most common sexually transmitted infection, placing young women at a high risk of contracting it. Although the vast majority of cases spontaneously clear within 1-2 years, persistent HPV infection remains a serious concern, as it has repeatedly been linked to the development of multiple malignancies, including cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancers. Additionally, more recent data suggest a harmful effect of HPV infection on pregnancy. As the maternal hormonal environment and immune system undergo significant changes during pregnancy, the persistence of HPV is arguably favored. Various studies have reported an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among HPV-positive women, with the clinical impact encompassing a range of conditions, including preterm birth, miscarriage, pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders (PIHD), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), low birth weight, the premature rupture of membranes (PROM), and fetal death. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms employed by HPV that negatively impact pregnancy and assessing potential approaches to counteract them would be of interest in the quest to optimize pregnancy outcomes and improve child survival and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Elena Condrat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Lidia Filip
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mirela Gherghe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Alexandru Trestioreanu Oncology Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Suciu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania;
- Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Giuliani E, Rollo F, Donà MG, Garbuglia AR. Human Papillomavirus Oral Infection: Review of Methodological Aspects and Epidemiology. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111411. [PMID: 34832567 PMCID: PMC8625118 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral infection by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has recently gained great attention because of its involvement in the development of a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The role of specific Alpha-HPVs in this regard has been well established, whereas the contribution of other genera is under investigation. Despite their traditional classification as “cutaneous” types, Beta and Gamma HPVs are frequently detected in oral samples. Due to the lack of a standardized protocol, a large variety of methodologies have been used for oral sample collection, DNA extraction, HPV detection and genotyping. Laboratory procedures influence the evaluation of oral HPV prevalence, which largely varies also according to the population characteristics, e.g., age, gender, sexual behavior, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status. Nevertheless, oral infection by Beta and Gamma HPVs seems to be even more common than Alpha-HPVs. The latter is 5–7% in the general population, and increases up to 30% approximately in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Despite major advances in the evaluation of oral HPV prevalence, its natural history is still little understood, especially for Beta and Gamma HPVs. The latest technologies, such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), can be exploited to gain new insights into oral HPV, and to improve the identification of novel HPV types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Giuliani
- Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0652665393
| | - Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy;
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13
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Suominen NT, Jaakola AJ, Roger M, Faucher MC, Syrjänen KJ, Grénman SE, Syrjänen SM, Louvanto K. The association of HLA-G polymorphism with oral and genital HPV infection in men. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 41:219-226. [PMID: 34697671 PMCID: PMC8770419 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The host genetic factors that influence the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men are not well known. Our aim was to evaluate the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G polymorphism in oral and genital HPV infection in men. Altogether, 130 men from the Finnish Family HPV Study, with a 6-year follow-up, were included in the analyses. HLA-G alleles were tested by direct sequencing. Oral, urethral, and semen samples were collected and analyzed for 24 different HPV genotypes. Unconditional logistic regression was used to determine associations between HLA-G alleles and genotypes with HPV infection and its outcomes. Overall, eight different HLA-G alleles were identified with 15 different HLA-G genotype combinations. The most common HLA-G allele among the men was G*01:01:01 (86.2%, n = 112) followed by G*01:01:02 (36.2%, n = 47). Allele G*01:01:02 showed to be protective against any- and high-risk (HR) oral HPV (OR range of 0.20–0.24, 95% CI range of 0.06–0.85). Men having allele G*01:01:01 showed a reduced risk for incident (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11–0.84) and persistent (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.08–0.69) oral infections. Allele G*01:01:03 was associated with increased risk for urethral HR-HPV infections (OR 4.94, 95% CI 1.34–18.27). Among self-reported demographic data, genotype G*01:01:01/01:01:03 was associated with an increased risk for oral warts (OR 8.00, 95% CI 1.23–51.89) and allele G*01:03:01 increased the risk of pollen and/or animal allergy (OR 13.59, 95% CI 1.57–117.25). To conclude, HLA-G polymorphism in men largely impacts the outcome of an oral HPV infection and seems to associate with self-reported allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli T Suominen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland.
| | - Anna J Jaakola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotkantie 41, 48210, Kotka, Finland
| | - Michel Roger
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900, rue Saint-Denis, Pavillon R, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie, Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Roger-Gaudry Building, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Faucher
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900, rue Saint-Denis, Pavillon R, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Kari J Syrjänen
- Department of Clinical Research, Biohit Oyj, Laippatie 1, 00880, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seija E Grénman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Stina M Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Karolina Louvanto
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere University, Finn-Medi 1, Biokatu 6, 33100, Tampere, Finland
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14
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Smith‐Vaughan HC, Cheng AC, Tabrizi SN, Wurzel DF, Beissbarth J, Leach AJ, Morris PS, Binks MJ, Torzillo PJ, Chang AB, Marsh RL. Absence of human papillomavirus in nasopharyngeal swabs from infants in a population at high risk of human papillomavirus infection. Pediatr Investig 2021; 5:136-139. [PMID: 34179711 PMCID: PMC8212721 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal urogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may place neonates at risk of HPV acquisition and subsequently lower respiratory infections as HPV can influence development of immunity. The respiratory HPV prevalence is not known in remote-dwelling Aboriginal infants, who are at high risk of respiratory infection and where the population prevalence of urogenital HPV in women is high. These data are necessary to inform HPV vaccination regimens. A retrospective analysis using PCR specific for HPV was performed on 64 stored nasopharyngeal swabs from remote-dwelling Aboriginal infants < 6 months of age, with and without hospitalised pneumonia. HPV DNA was not detected in any specimen. Despite the negative result, we cannot exclude a role for HPV in respiratory infections affecting infants in this population; however, our data do not support HPV as an important contributor to acute respiratory infection in remote-dwelling Aboriginal children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi C Smith‐Vaughan
- Menzies School of Health ResearchCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinAustralia
- School of MedicineGriffith UniversityGold CoastAustralia
| | | | - Sepehr N. Tabrizi
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteThe Royal Children’s HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Danielle F Wurzel
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteThe Royal Children’s HospitalMelbourneAustralia
| | - Jemima Beissbarth
- Menzies School of Health ResearchCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinAustralia
| | - Amanda J Leach
- Menzies School of Health ResearchCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinAustralia
| | - Peter S Morris
- Menzies School of Health ResearchCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinAustralia
- Royal Darwin HospitalDarwinAustralia
| | - Michael J Binks
- Menzies School of Health ResearchCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinAustralia
| | | | - Anne B Chang
- Menzies School of Health ResearchCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinAustralia
- Dept of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineQueensland Children’s HospitalBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Robyn L Marsh
- Menzies School of Health ResearchCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinAustralia
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15
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Syrjänen S, Rintala M, Sarkola M, Willberg J, Rautava J, Koskimaa H, Paaso A, Syrjänen K, Grénman S, Louvanto K. Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection in Children during the First 6 Years of Life, Finland. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:759-766. [PMID: 33513331 PMCID: PMC7920652 DOI: 10.3201/eid2703.202721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are found in children, but transmission modes and outcomes are incompletely understood. We evaluated oral samples from 331 children in Finland who participated in the Finnish Family HPV Study from birth during 9 follow-up visits (mean time 51.9 months). We tested samples for 24 HPV genotypes. Oral HPV prevalence for children varied from 8.7% (at a 36-month visit) to 22.8% (at birth), and 18 HPV genotypes were identified. HPV16 was the most prevalent type to persist, followed by HPV18, HPV33, and HPV6. Persistent, oral, high-risk HPV infection for children was associated with oral HPV carriage of the mother at birth and seroconversion of the mother to high-risk HPV during follow-up (odds ratio 1.60–1.92, 95% CI 1.02–2.74). Children acquire their first oral HPV infection at an early age. The HPV status of the mother has a major impact on the outcome of oral HPV persistence for her offspring.
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16
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Formánek M, Formánková D, Hurník P, Vrtková A, Komínek P. Epstein-Barr virus may contribute to the pathogenesis of adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A preliminary study. Clin Otolaryngol 2020; 46:373-379. [PMID: 33263360 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (AORRP), but AORPP prevalence is much lower than HPV prevalence. Thus, HPV infection is necessary, but not sufficient, to cause AORRP and other factors likely contribute to its pathogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate whether co-infection with herpetic viruses may contribute to the pathogenesis of AORRP. DESIGN Prospective case-control study conducted from January 2018 to November 2019. SETTINGS Tertiary referral centre. PARTICIPANTS Eighteen consecutive patients with AORRP and 18 adults with healthy laryngeal mucosa (control group) undergoing surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, human herpesvirus 6, varicella zoster virus and HPV (including genotyping) were detected in biopsies of papilloma or healthy mucosa using real-time polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot. Dysplasia and Ki67 levels were determined in papilloma specimens. RESULTS EBV was present in 6 (33.3%) AORRP patients and no control patients (P = .019). Presence was not dependent on tobacco exposure (P = .413) or HPV genotype or concentration (P > .999). EBV presence was strongly related to increased cell proliferation (P = .005) and number of previous surgeries (P = .039), but not dysplasia (P > .999). Human herpesvirus 6 was found in 3 (16.7%) AORRP biopsies, with one false positive. No other herpetic virus was found. CONCLUSIONS Unlike other herpetic viruses, EBV seems to interact with HPV, enhancing cell proliferation and contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of AORRP. Further research is required to elucidate specific interactions and their role in the pathogenesis of AORRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Formánek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Debora Formánková
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hurník
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Vrtková
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Deputy Director of Science and Research, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Komínek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Craniofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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17
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Detection of Human Papillomaviruses in the Nasopharynx of Breastfed Infants: New Findings and Meta-Analysis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101119. [PMID: 33019742 PMCID: PMC7650825 DOI: 10.3390/v12101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical transmission of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) from mother to infant is known to occur during labor, delivery or breastfeeding. Infection with mucosal HPV 6 and 11 may cause recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children, which is a rare and severe respiratory disease. The cutaneous HPV genotypes have also been described to be transmitted from mother to newborn through skin-to-skin contacts and during breastfeeding. To investigate the perinatal transmission of alpha and beta HPVs we collected nasopharyngeal specimens from 0-12-months-old infants born by vaginal delivery and breastfed at the time of sample collection. The mucosal and cutaneous HPVs were searched by nested PCR using the MY09/11-MGPs and CP65/70-CP66/69 primer sets, respectively, and genotypes identified by direct sequencing analysis. Fourteen out of 113 (12.4%) samples tested positive for HPV and sequence analysis allowed us to identify eight beta genotypes (HPV 5b, 20, 25, 100, 107, 124, 152 and RTRX7). Moreover, we performed a comprehensive review of published studies on the prevalence of mucosal and cutaneous HPVs among 5126 newborns and observed that 10% and 53% were positive for alpha and beta HPVs, respectively. In all studies there was an inverse correlation between the rate of alpha HPV positivity and age, while a significant positive trend was observed in beta HPV detection and age with the highest rate among children older than 12 months (Χ2 test for trend of 10.6, p < 0.001). Further studies are needed to confirm the hypothesis that beta HPVs are transmitted to breastfeeding infants through shedding of viruses in the breast milk or on the external breast epithelium.
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18
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Moscicki AB, Karalius B, Tassiopoulos K, Yao TJ, Jacobson DL, Patel K, Purswani M, Seage GR. Human Papillomavirus Antibody Levels and Quadrivalent Vaccine Clinical Effectiveness in Perinatally Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected and Exposed, Uninfected Youth. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:1183-1191. [PMID: 30927547 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at high risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers. The objectives are to compare antibody titers to HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 and rate of abnormal cytology between perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and perinatally HIV-exposed, uninfected (PHEU) youth. METHODS This is a prospective observational cohort study of HPV4 vaccinated youth performed as part of the multicenter Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study Adolescent Master Protocol. Seroconversion and geometric mean titer (GMT) against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 were calculated. Vaccine effectiveness included rates of abnormal cervical cytology and genital warts. RESULTS Seroconversion to HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18 occurred in 83%, 84%, 90%, and 62% of 310 vaccinated PHIV youth compared to 94%, 96%, 99%, and 87% of 148 vaccinated PHEU youth, respectively (P < .05 for all comparisons). GMTs were lower in the PHIV vs PHEU within each category of HPV4 doses received. Higher GMTs were associated with younger age, lower HIV type 1 RNA viral load, and higher CD4% at first HPV4 vaccination, as well as shorter duration between last vaccine dose and antibody specimen. Abnormal cytology occurred in 33 of 56 PHIV and 1 of 7 PHEU sexually active vaccinated females, yielding incidence rates per 100 person-years of 15.0 (10.9 to 20.6) and 2.9 (0.4 to 22.3), respectively. CONCLUSION Antibody titers to HPV4 were lower for all serotypes in PHIV compared to PHEU youth. Protection against abnormal cytology was also diminished in sexually active PHIV females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Barbara Moscicki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Brad Karalius
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine Tassiopoulos
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tzy-Jyun Yao
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Denise L Jacobson
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kunjal Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Murli Purswani
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
| | - George R Seage
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Tognon M, Tagliapietra A, Magagnoli F, Mazziotta C, Oton-Gonzalez L, Lanzillotti C, Vesce F, Contini C, Rotondo JC, Martini F. Investigation on Spontaneous Abortion and Human Papillomavirus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E473. [PMID: 32854278 PMCID: PMC7563606 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are considered to be risk factors for spontaneous abortion (SA). Conflicting results have been reported on the association between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and SA. HPV DNA was investigated in matched chorionic villi tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from women who experienced SA (n = 80, cases) and women who underwent a voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VI; n = 80, controls) by qualitative PCR and quantitative droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Viral genotyping was performed using real-time PCR in HPV-positive samples. Specific IgG antibodies against HPV16 were investigated in sera from SA (n = 80) and VI (n = 80) females using indirect ELISA assays. None of the DNA samples from SA subjects was HPV-positive (0/80), whilst HPV DNA was detected in 2.5% of VI women (p > 0.05), with a mean viral DNA load of 7.12 copy/cell. VI samples (n = 2) were found to be positive for the HPV45 genotype. The ddPCR assay revealed a higher number of HPV-positive samples. HPV DNA was detected in 3.7% and 5% of SA and VI chorionic tissues, respectively, with mean viral DNA loads of 0.13 copy/cell in SA and 1.79 copy/cell in VI (p >0.05) samples. All DNA samples from the PBMCs of SA and VI females tested HPV-negative by both PCR and ddPCR. The overall prevalence of serum anti-HPV16 IgG antibodies was 37.5% in SA and 30% in VI (p > 0.05) women. For the first time, HPV DNA was detected and quantitatively analyzed using ddPCR in chorionic villi tissues and PBMCs from SA and VI women. Circulating IgG antibodies against HPV16 were detected in sera from SA and VI females. Our results suggest that HPV infection in chorionic villi may be a rare event. Accordingly, it is likely that HPV has no significant role in SA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Fossato di Mortara street, 64, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.T.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (L.O.-G.); (C.L.); (F.V.); (C.C.)
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Fossato di Mortara street, 64, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.T.); (A.T.); (F.M.); (C.M.); (L.O.-G.); (C.L.); (F.V.); (C.C.)
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20
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Agras K, Doluoglu OG, Acikgoz ZC, Ener K, Ocal A. Detection of human papillomavirus subtypes harbored in the foreskin of asymptomatic boys: Controlled study. J Pediatr Urol 2020; 16:388.e1-388.e6. [PMID: 32389587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and can cause penile and anal cancer in men, and invasive cervical cancer in women. OBJECTIVE To evaulate the colonization of 32 HPV subtypes in the foreskin of boys. STUDY DESIGN A prospective analysis was made of the data of 62 healthy boys who had undergone standard circumcision. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from the foreskin tissues, and the integrity of DNA was tested. The DNA of each patient was further assessed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the presence of 32 subtypes of HPV was explored. To confirm the results, melting curve analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) were performed for all samples. Further analysis was made using LCD-array on six randomly selected samples to confirm the results together with negative and positive controls. RESULTS The mean age of the boys was 6.8 ± 2 years at the time of surgery. All positive controls and samples were positive, all negative controls were negative in the first HPV amplification assay. All positive controls had typical melting curve peaks, whereas all sample amplifications had non-specific, atypical melting curves not fitting with those of the positive controls. Two bands of expected sizes (124 and 405 bp) were only observed in positive controls, but not in negative controls or samples on AGE. The same results were observed on the 6 randomly selected samples using LCD-array. Consequently, all the foreskin samples were evaluated as negative for the 32 HPV types investigated in the study. DISCUSSION Literature shows a high prevalence of genital HPV in newborns, in early infancy, late adolescence and adulthood. However there is a lack of data in literature on the prevalence in early and late childhood. The negative results of HPV colonization on the foreskin in the current study may be attributed to the conservative and mostly monogamous nature of most family structures in Turkey. CONCLUSION The results of the present study have shown that foreskin tissue is not a natural reservoir for HPV and subclinical HPV infection is not likely in the absence of suspected sexual contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Agras
- Department of Urology, Clinic of Ankara Training and Research Hospital, University of Medical Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Omer Gokhan Doluoglu
- Department of Urology, Clinic of Ankara Training and Research Hospital, University of Medical Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ziya Cibali Acikgoz
- Department of Microbiology, Clinic of Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Kemal Ener
- Department of Urology, Clinic of Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, University of Medical Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Asli Ocal
- Department of Urology Clinic, Medisis Private Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Bauer D, Tüchler R, Lawitschka A, Dörfler D. Human papillomavirus in female adolescents and young adults after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-Not a problem prior to coitarche. Transpl Infect Dis 2020; 22:e13307. [PMID: 32358985 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of HPV colonization in female adolescents and young adults after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. STUDY DESIGN In this prospective pilot study, we enrolled 18 girls and young women aged 12-22 years cared for at the SCT (stem cell transplantation) Outpatient Clinic of the St. Anna children's hospital. Vaginal, buccal, and rectal HPV swabs were collected twice at intervals of 2-6 months at the Outpatient Clinic for children's and adolescents' gynecology of the University Clinic for Gynecology Vienna. RESULTS Overall, 3 (16.7%; 95% CL [≥0.0%; 33.9%]) of the 18 patients were vaginally HPV-positive at least at one timepoint. Among these three, two patients belonged to the smaller sub-group (3 patients) of patients after coitarche and one patient belonged to the larger one (15 patients) of patients prior to coitarche. In one of the three vaginally HPV-positive patients, we also found HPV DNA rectally. Orally, HPV DNA could not be detected at all. CONCLUSIONS According to the data of this study, vaginal, buccal, and rectal HPV colonization seems to be of little relevance in girls and young women after HSCT prior to coitarche. As expected, a higher risk for vaginal HPV colonization could be shown by trend for patients after coitarche, but also for those having been treated with total body irradiation as a conditioning regimen and for those showing signs of vaginal hypoestrogenization-which has not been published so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Bauer
- St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Anita Lawitschka
- St. Anna Children's Hospital, SCT-Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Dörfler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Tuominen H, Collado MC, Rautava J, Syrjänen S, Rautava S. Composition and maternal origin of the neonatal oral cavity microbiota. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1663084. [PMID: 31528268 PMCID: PMC6735328 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1663084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The origin of the initial oral microbiota in neonates still remains poorly understood. Objective: The aim of this study was to understand how the maternal microbiota contributes to the initial neonatal oral microbiota. Design: Twelve mother-neonate pairs with samples from the maternal oral mucosa, uterine cervix and placenta and the neonatal oral cavity immediately after birth were studied. The microbiota composition and diversity were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3-V4 region). The microbiota analyses and comparisons were carried out with Calypso software version 8.1 and with SourceTracker 1.0.1. Results: Samples from the neonatal oral cavity showed moderately high bacterial diversity and low richness. The neonatal oral cavity microbiota seems to share features mainly with the microbes detected in the placenta, followed by the cervical microbiota and the maternal oral microbiota. No statistically significant differences in diversity (Shannon index, p = 0.14), richness (Chao1, p = 0.53) or in microbial composition were observed according to delivery mode. Conclusion: The neonatal oral cavity microbiota is not significantly modulated by the birth canal or maternal oral microbiota but displays clear associations with microbes in the placenta. These results suggest that the neonatal oral microbiota may have a prenatal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Tuominen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Science, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Samuli Rautava
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku & Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Loimaranta V, Sievi K, Werner J, Pawlita M, Waterboer T, Butt J, Syrjänen S. Comparison of multiplex-serology and ELISA based methods in detecting HPV16 L1 antibody responses in paired saliva and serum samples of healthy men. J Virol Methods 2019; 270:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
Papillomaviruses are one of the oldest viruses known, dating back 330 million years. During this long evolution, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed into hijackers of human cellular and immune systems in which they replicate and remain silent. Systematic studies on oral HPV infections and their outcomes are still scarce. Oral HPV infections have been linked to sexual behaviour, but recent evidence supports their horizontal, mouth‐to‐mouth, transmission. Most HPV infections in infants are acquired vertically from the mother during the intrauterine period, during delivery, or later via saliva. The best‐known benign clinical manifestations of HPV infection are oral papilloma/condyloma and focal epithelial hyperplasia. Evidence is emerging which suggests that some oral HPV infections might persist. Persistent HPV infection is mandatory for HPV‐associated malignant transformation. However, progression of HPV‐induced lesions to malignancy requires additional cofactors. In the early 1980s, we provided the first evidence that a subset of oral cancers and other head and neck cancers might be causally linked to HPV infection. This review summarizes current knowledge on the virus itself, its transmission modes, as well as the full spectrum of oral HPV infections – from asymptomatic infections to benign, potentially malignant oral lesions, and squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Kero K, Rautava J. HPV Infections in Heterosexual Couples: Mechanisms and Covariates of Virus Transmission. Acta Cytol 2019; 63:143-147. [PMID: 30799413 DOI: 10.1159/000494710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sexual intercourse is regarded as the primary route of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission. Reported rates of the genotype-specific genital concordance of HPV infection among heterosexual partners vary. Most studies have evaluated only male/female genital transmission, but lately, the oral region has gained interest because of a rising trend of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer. Risk factors for type-specific concordance have been reported as an increasing number of younger couples, persistent HPV infection, higher frequency of sexual intercourse, rising number of spouse's lifetime sexual partners, and sexual relations with prostitutes. However, the concordance of the same genital HPV genotype does not absolutely mean that it has been transmitted by the current partner. There are also other possible non-sexual transmission routes. The detected HPV infection may also be a reactivation of a previous infection. The high complexity of HPV transmission dynamics within an individual him-/herself as well as within sexual couples is discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kero
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland,
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26
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Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Is a Potential Risk Factor for Juvenile-Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1463896. [PMID: 30881982 PMCID: PMC6387692 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1463896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP). Although HPV is common in children, the prevalence of JORRP is low. It is likely that other factors contribute to the pathogenesis of JORRP, during either activation or reactivation of a latent HPV infection. There is evidence that laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) might be such a risk factor for adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. This study investigated if LPR might also be a risk factor for JORRP. Materials and Methods Children with JORRP of the larynx that required microlaryngoscopy at a tertiary referral hospital were included in this prospective case-series study from November 2015 to November 2017. Using immunohistochemistry, HPV infection and pepsin associated with LPR were diagnosed from laryngeal biopsies. Results Eleven children (aged 4-14 years) were analyzed. No patient had a history of immunodeficiency or tobacco smoke exposure. All patients underwent at least three previous surgeries due to JORRP and had been vaccinated against HPV in the past. Five children were treated using antivirotics and immunomodulators. The only known maternal risk factor was that three mothers were primiparous. All 11 samples were infected with HPV (type 6 or 11). Pathologic LPR was diagnosed in 5/11 children (45.5%). Conclusion LPR may be a risk factor for JORRP, contributing to its development by activating or reactivating a latent HPV infection. Results are in accordance with those from our previous study in adults.
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Tuominen H, Rautava S, Collado MC, Syrjänen S, Rautava J. HPV infection and bacterial microbiota in breast milk and infant oral mucosa. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207016. [PMID: 30395655 PMCID: PMC6218085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between bacterial microbiota in breast milk and the infant mouth. The influence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection on infant oral microbiota was also assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Altogether 35 breast milk and 35 infant oral samples with known HPV status were selected from the Finnish Family HPV Study cohort. In total, there were 31 mother-infant pairs. The microbiota composition was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3-V4 region). RESULTS HPV DNA was present in 8.6% (3/35) of the breast milk and 40% (14/35) of the infant oral samples. Eight shared genera between breast milk and infant oral were found; these included Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Unclassified Gemellaceae, Rothia, Veillonella, Haemophilus, Propionibacterium and Corynebacterium. HPV status was not associated with either microbiota richness or diversity in the infant mouth. However, the infant oral microbiota clustered in different groups according to HPV status. We detected higher abundance of Veillonella dispar (p = 0.048) at species level in HPV negative infant oral samples. We did not detect differences in the breast milk microbiota composition related to HPV infection due to only three HPV positive milk samples. CONCLUSIONS HPV infection is associated with distinct oral bacterial microbiota composition in infants. The direction of causality underlying the phenomenon remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Tuominen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Samuli Rautava
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku & Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Science, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Clinical, histopathologic, and viral load study after treatment of plantar warts with 10% formaldehyde soaks versus liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. JOURNAL OF THE EGYPTIAN WOMEN’S DERMATOLOGIC SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ewx.0000544113.64787.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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HLA-G and vertical mother-to-child transmission of human papillomavirus infection. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:471-476. [PMID: 29544814 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Role of host factors in transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV)-infection from mother to her offspring is not known. Our aim was to study whether human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G allele concordance among the mother-child pairs could facilitate vertical transmission of HPV, because HLA-G may contribute to immune tolerance in pregnancy. Altogether, 310 mother-child pairs were included from the Finnish Family HPV study. Overall, nine different HLA-G alleles were identified. The HLA-G genotype concordance of G∗01:01:01/01:04:01 increased the risk of high risk (HR)-HPV genotype positivity in cord blood and infant's oral mucosa. The mother-child concordance of G∗01:01:02/01:01:02 increased the risk of oral HPV positivity with HR-HPV genotypes both in the mother and offspring; OR 2.45 (95%CI 1.24-4.85). Discordant HLA-G allele for G∗01:04:01 and for G∗01:06 was significantly associated with infant's oral low risk (LR)-HPV at birth, OR 3.07 (95%CI 1.01-9.36) and OR 5.19 (95%CI 1.22-22.03), respectively. HLA-G had no association with HPV genotype-specific concordance between the mother and child at birth nor influence on perinatal HPV status of the child. Taken together, our results show that HLA-G molecules have a role in predicting the newborn's likelihood for oral HPV infection at birth.
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30
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Boda D, Docea AO, Calina D, Ilie MA, Caruntu C, Zurac S, Neagu M, Constantin C, Branisteanu DE, Voiculescu V, Mamoulakis C, Tzanakakis G, Spandidos DA, Drakoulis N, Tsatsakis AM. Human papilloma virus: Apprehending the link with carcinogenesis and unveiling new research avenues (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 52:637-655. [PMID: 29393378 PMCID: PMC5807043 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma viruses (HPV) are a small group of non‑enveloped viruses belonging to the Papillomaviridae family with strong similarities to polyoma viruses. The viral particles consist of a genome in the form of a circular double‑stranded DNA, encompassing eight open reading frames, as well as a non‑enveloped icosahedral capsid. HPV infection is considered the most common sexually transmitted disease in both sexes and is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of different types of cancer. 'High‑risk' mucosal HPV types, predominantly types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35, are associated with most cervical, penile, vulvar, vaginal, anal, oropharyngeal cancers and pre‑cancers. Screening for HPV is necessary for the prognosis and for determining treatment strategies for cancer. Novel HPV markers, including proteomic and genomic markers, as well as anti‑papillomavirus vaccines are currently available. The aim of this comprehensive review was to thoroughly present the updated information on virus development, cancer occurrence, treatment and prevention strategies, in an attempt to shed further light into the field, including novel research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boda
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 030167 Bucharest
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Prof. N. Paulescu’ National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova
| | - Mihaela Adriana Ilie
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 030167 Bucharest
- Department of Biochemistry
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 030167 Bucharest
- Department of Dermatology, ‘Prof. N. Paulescu’ National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest
- Department of Physiology
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 030167 Bucharest
- Colentina University Hospital, Sector 2 19-21, Bucharest
| | - Monica Neagu
- ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest
| | | | | | - Vlad Voiculescu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Elias Emergency University Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School
| | | | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete
| | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens
| | - Aristides M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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31
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Faucher MC, Louvanto K, Syrjänen S, Roger M. Characterisation of the novel HLA-G null allele, HLA-G*01:21N, in Finnish individuals. HLA 2017; 91:146-147. [PMID: 29152919 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We identified the novel HLA-G*01:21N null allele in Finnish Caucasian individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C Faucher
- Laboratoire d'immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - K Louvanto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - S Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - M Roger
- Laboratoire d'immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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32
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Moscicki AB, Farhat S, Yao TJ, Ryder MI, Russell JS, Van Dyke RB, Hazra R, Shiboski CH. Oral Human Papillomavirus in Youth From the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study. Sex Transm Dis 2017; 43:498-500. [PMID: 27414680 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to high rates of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) found in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults, only 2% of 209 perinatally HIV-infected youth had oral HPV. This rate was similar in HIV-exposed but uninfected youth. No association was found with sexual activity; however, low CD4 counts were associated with oral HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Barbara Moscicki
- From the *Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, †Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; ‡Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; §Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; ¶School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA; and **Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
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33
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Sartori MPDN, Agostini LP, Tovar TT, Reis RS, Dettogni RS, Dos Santos EDVW, Filho AC, Louro ID. Presence of infection and analysis of HPV subtypes in girls younger than 9 years old attended at a referral service in Espírito Santo, Brazil. J Med Virol 2017; 90:761-766. [PMID: 29144546 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is found in adults and adolescents and is associated with genital warts and cervical cancer. However, it has been detected in girls younger than 10 years old. Currently, there are no prevention methods for this age group, since it is not considered a risk group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of infection and HPV subtype in girls under 9 years old attended at a referral service in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Forty-three girls younger than 9 years old had gynecological brush samples collected from vulval and perineal/anal regions. Viral detection and subtyping were done using polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing. Statistics was performed using Action Stat 3.1. The mean age of girls was 6.1 years. Sexual activity and abuse were not reported by 95.3%. Family stories showed viral infection in 9.3% of mothers, 4.7% of fathers and 9.3% of caretakers. None of these were related with the children infection. In the only case of mother's gestational HPV infection, the daughter tested negative. Genital warts and infection were observed in 7% and 13.9% of the patients, respectively. Viral subtypes detected were 6, 11, 38, and 42. These results demonstrate the presence of HPV infection in girls under 9 years of age. Prevalence studies are needed in order to evaluate a possible alteration in age of vaccination policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P D N Sartori
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Lidiane P Agostini
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Thaís T Tovar
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Reis
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Dettogni
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Eldamária de V W Dos Santos
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Antônio C Filho
- Emescam, Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Avenida Nossa Senhora da Penha, Santa Luiza, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Iúri D Louro
- Núcleo de Genética Humana e Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Koskimaa HM, Paaso A, Welters MJP, Grénman S, Syrjänen K, van der Burg SH, Syrjänen S. The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in placenta and/or cord blood might result in Th2 polarization. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:1491-1503. [PMID: 28324192 PMCID: PMC5524867 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-2958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate if an early exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV) during the prenatal period or infancy could result in HPV16-specific T helper (Th) responses resembling those of adults with HPV-induced lesions. We tested HPV16-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in children born with HPV-positive umbilical cord blood and/or placenta or having persistent oral HPV infection and in constantly oral HPV-negative controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 33 children from the Finnish HPV Family Study cohort (mean age 14.7 years) were stimulated with peptide pools covering the amino acid sequence of the HPV16 E2, E6, and E7 proteins. Lymphocyte proliferation, secretion of cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17A), and the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells were determined in relation to the HPV DNA status during a 14-year follow-up. 73.6% of cases and 85.7% of controls responded against HPV16 E2, while reactivity against E6 was found in 10.5 and 35.7%, respectively. The proliferative response against E6 and E7 was more frequent in controls than in cases (p = 0.047). No HPV16-specific CMI response or antibodies were detected in two children with persistent oral HPV16. The profiles of induced cytokines indicated higher levels of IL-5, IL-10, and IL-17A in children with HPV DNA in placenta and/or cord blood than in other children. HPV16-specific CMI is common in HPV DNA-negative children. The cytokine profile in children infected with HPV16 during early life suggests that the viral dose and/or specific environment created by the placenta may have significant impact on the type of HPV-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-M Koskimaa
- Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20540, Turku, Finland.
| | - A Paaso
- Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20540, Turku, Finland
| | - M J P Welters
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Grénman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - K Syrjänen
- Department of Clinical Research, Biohit Oyj, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S H van der Burg
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20540, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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35
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Zhang C, Liu F, Pan Y, Deng Q, Li X, He Z, Liu M, Ning T, Guo C, Liang Y, Xu R, Zhang L, Cai H, Ke Y. Incidence and clearance of oral human papillomavirus infection: A population-based cohort study in rural China. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59831-59844. [PMID: 28938686 PMCID: PMC5601782 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural history of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection which is linked with the increased incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) has been incompletely studied. Oral swab specimens and questionnaire data were obtained bi-annually for up to 6 visits from 4314 healthy adults aged 25-69 in rural Anyang, China. HPV infection status was evaluated with PCR-based sequencing. Participants with at least two consecutive valid HPV results within the study period were included in the incidence and clearance analysis. Among 3289 participants included in this analysis (median follow-up time 18.3 months), incidence rates of mucosal HPV, oncogenic mucosal HPV and cutaneous HPV were 0.53 (95% CI: 0.39-0.73), 0.30 (95% CI: 0.20-0.46), and 4.17 (95% CI: 3.70-4.70) per 1,000 person-months respectively. Most newly acquired infections were cleared within one year. Recent practice of oral sex increased the risk of incident infection with mucosal HPV (Adjusted HR, 5.03; 95% CI, 1.16-21.73) and oncogenic mucosal HPV (Adjusted HR, 10.13; 95% CI, 2.14-48.06). Newly acquired oral mucosal HPV infections are rare and most are cleared within one year in rural Chinese. This study expands understanding of the natural history of oral HPV in countries with a lower incidence of HPV-OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yaqi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Qiuju Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Tao Ning
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Chuanhai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yongmei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Ruiping Xu
- Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Combes JD, Dalstein V, Gheit T, Clifford GM, Tommasino M, Clavel C, Lacau St Guily J, Franceschi S. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in tonsil brushings and gargles in cancer-free patients: The SPLIT study. Oral Oncol 2017; 66:52-57. [PMID: 28249648 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in the tonsil using extensive ex vivo brushing and gargling in a large age-stratified sample of cancer-free patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 2012 to 2016, consecutive patients undergoing tonsillectomy for benign indications in 19 French University Hospitals were invited to participate in the SPLIT study. Immediately after resection, half-tonsils were extensively brushed at the pathology laboratories on the surface epithelium and in tonsil crypts to collect exfoliated cells. In 11 centers, patients aged 15 and over (adults) were also asked to provide gargle samples before surgery. HPV-DNA detection used a very sensitive Luminex technology to evaluate 21 HPV types. RESULTS Tonsil brushings from 692 patients aged 1-70 years and gargles from 268 adults were tested for HPV. Among adults, overall HPV prevalence was 3.6% in tonsil brushings and 13.1% in gargles and HPV16 prevalence was 2.2% and 4.1%, respectively. Among 139 children, tonsil brushings were positive in two girls (1.4%). Percent agreement in HPV detection in paired tonsil brushings and gargles in adults was 85.8% and positive agreement 9.5%. HPV prevalence in gargles significantly varied by sex (prevalence ratio in men vs women=2.1; 95% confidence interval; 1.1-4.1) and tonsillectomy indication (non-infectious vs. infectious=4.9; 1.4-17.0). CONCLUSION HPV infection is infrequent in tonsil brushings of cancer-free children and adults. In contrast, HPV infection in gargles in adults is rather common. Low agreement in paired tonsil brushings and gargles suggests that gargle is not representative of HPV prevalence in the tonsil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Damien Combes
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
| | - Véronique Dalstein
- CHU Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Laboratoire Biopathologie, Reims 51092, France; INSERM, UMR-S 903, Reims 51092, France; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine, Reims 51095, France.
| | - Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
| | - Gary M Clifford
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
| | - Christine Clavel
- CHU Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Laboratoire Biopathologie, Reims 51092, France; INSERM, UMR-S 903, Reims 51092, France; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine, Reims 51095, France.
| | - Jean Lacau St Guily
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine-Pierre et Marie Curie University-Paris VI and Tenon Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux De Paris, France.
| | - Silvia Franceschi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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Abstract
HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), more specifically the incidence of oropharyngeal cancer, is dramatically increasing in industrialized countries. According to what has been learned from anogenital vaccination programs, there are reasons to believe that current human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations may be potentially effective also against HNSCC. However, before specific results on HNSCC are available, one must keep in mind that carcinogenesis in the head and neck region may differ from that of the anogenital tract. Furthermore, the current evidence supports the view that HPV infection is much more complex than simply a sexually transmitted disease. HPV is present in the semen, placenta and in the newborns, and these infections of the newborns create cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against HPV, including the T memory cells. Acquisition of HPV infection in early life will rise new series of questions in the field of HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20520, Turku, Finland
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Formánek M, Jančatová D, Komínek P, Matoušek P, Zeleník K. Laryngopharyngeal reflux and herpes simplex virus type 2 are possible risk factors for adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (prospective case-control study). Clin Otolaryngol 2016; 42:597-601. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Formánek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Ostrava; Ostrava Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Ostrava; Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - D. Jančatová
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Ostrava; Ostrava Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Ostrava; Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - P. Komínek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Ostrava; Ostrava Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Ostrava; Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - P. Matoušek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Ostrava; Ostrava Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Ostrava; Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - K. Zeleník
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Ostrava; Ostrava Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Ostrava; Ostrava Czech Republic
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Trottier H, Mayrand MH, Coutlée F, Monnier P, Laporte L, Niyibizi J, Carceller AM, Fraser WD, Brassard P, Lacroix J, Francoeur D, Bédard MJ, Girard I, Audibert F. Human papillomavirus (HPV) perinatal transmission and risk of HPV persistence among children: Design, methods and preliminary results of the HERITAGE study. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2016; 2:145-152. [PMID: 29074173 PMCID: PMC5886899 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal route of transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) has been demonstrated in several small studies. We designed a large prospective cohort study (HERITAGE) to better understand perinatal HPV. The objective of this article is to present the study design and preliminary data. In the first phase of the study, we recruited 167 women in Montreal, Canada, during the first trimester of pregnancy. An additional 850 are currently being recruited in the ongoing phase. Cervicovaginal samples were obtained from mothers in the first trimester and tested for HPV DNA from 36 mucosal genotypes (and repeated in the third trimester for HPV-positive mothers). Placental samples were also taken for HPV DNA testing. Conjunctival, oral, pharyngeal and genital samples were collected for HPV DNA testing in children of HPV-positive mothers at every 3-6 months from birth until 2 years of age. Blood samples were collected in mother and children for HPV serology testing. We found a high prevalence of HPV in pregnant women (45%[95%CI:37-53%]) and in placentas (14%[8-21%]). The proportion of HPV positivity (any site) among children at birth/3-months was 11%[5-22%]. HPV was detected in children in multiple sites including the conjunctiva (5%[10-14%]). The ongoing HERITAGE cohort will help provide a better understanding of perinatal HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Trottier
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Marie-Hélène Mayrand
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Department of Microbiology, Université de Montréal and CRCHUM, Montreal, Canada
| | - Patricia Monnier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), McGill University, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Louise Laporte
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Joseph Niyibizi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ana-Maria Carceller
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - William D Fraser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Canada
| | - Paul Brassard
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jacques Lacroix
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Diane Francoeur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Bédard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Girard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St-Mary's Hospital Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - François Audibert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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Bacopoulou F, Karakitsos P, Kottaridi C, Stefanaki C, Deligeoroglou E, Theodoridou K, Chrousos GP, Michos A. Genital HPV in Children and Adolescents: Does Sexual Activity Make a Difference? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2016; 29:228-33. [PMID: 26342734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genital infection among prepubertal children, sexually active and not sexually active adolescents, and assess potential risk factors for transmission. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Outpatient adolescent health clinic. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-five girls aged 2-21 years; 38 sexually active adolescents (group A), 28 not sexually active adolescents (group B), and 29 prepubertal children (group C). INTERVENTIONS Participants' vaginal or cervical specimens were tested for HPV with the CLART HPV 2 assay (Clinical Array Technology, Genomica, Madrid, Spain) and for cytological abnormalities with liquid-based cytology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Differences in prevalence of low- and high-risk HPV infections among the 3 groups. RESULTS Genital HPV was detected in 37.9% (36/95) of all participants; 47.4% (18/38) of group A, 28.6% (8/28) of group B, and 34.5% (10/29)of group C (P = .27). Multiple HPV infection was detected in 26.3% (10/38), 10.7% (3/28), and 13.8% (4/29) of groups A, B, and C, respectively (P = .21). High-risk genotypes were detected in 47.4% (18/38), 28.6% (8/28), and 24.1% (7/29) of groups A, B, and C, respectively (P = .10). Main high-risk genotypes were HPV 16 (27%, 10/37), HPV 31 (21.6%, 8/37 ), HPV 35 (13.5%, 5/37), HPV 53 (13.5%, 5/37), and low-risk HPV 6 (18.9%, 7/37). Sexual activity was associated with increased risk for genital high-risk HPV infection (odds ratio = 3.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-9.78); specifically with HPV 33 and HPV 51. Forty percent of sexually active adolescents with normal cervical cytology were infected with high-risk HPV types. Family history of skin HPV was positively associated with genital HPV in the sexually active group (odds ratio = 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-3.46). CONCLUSION Timeline and target population for HPV vaccination might need to be reappraised, in view of significant nonsexual transmission of genital HPV so early in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Bacopoulou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Petros Karakitsos
- Department of Cytopathology, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Charikleia Stefanaki
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthymios Deligeoroglou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Theodoridou
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- Center for Adolescent Medicine and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Chair on Adolescent Health Care, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Michos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Koskimaa HM, Paaso A, Welters MJP, Grénman S, Syrjänen K, van der Burg SH, Syrjänen S. Human papillomavirus 16-specific cell-mediated immunity in children born to mothers with incident cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and to those constantly HPV negative. J Transl Med 2015; 13:370. [PMID: 26608420 PMCID: PMC4659171 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives HPV infections are detected in sexually naive children. This has raised the question about the role of early HPV infections in either protecting or predisposing to further HPV infections. HPV16-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was studied in 10 case-children born to mothers with an incident cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) diagnosed during their 14-year follow-up (FU), and in 21 children born to mothers, who remained constantly HPV-negative (controls). The mean age of children was 12.3 years. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from blood and stimulated with peptide pools covering HPV16 E2, E6 and E7. Proliferation of lymphocytes, their secretion of cytokines, and the frequency of regulatory T-cells were determined. The results were correlated with the HPV status and analyzed in a nested case–control setting. Results All children, except two controls, displayed CMI against HPV16 E2, E6 and/or E7 peptides associated with type 1 and 2 cytokine secretion. Only two statistically significant differences were found in the nested case–control setting; (1) case-children had a higher TNF-α response to HPV16 E2 (p = 0.004) than controls and (2) controls had no response to HPV16 E7.2 peptide pool while 3/10 case-children had (p = 0.013). Totally, 50 and 57 % of the cases and controls, respectively, had HPV positive oral samples at some FU-visit. In addition, the children without any HPV antibodies before the age of 6 months showed proliferative responses of PBMC after HPV16 exposure more frequently than other children (p = 0.045). Conclusions HPV16-specific CMI is common in young, sexually inexperienced children. This suggests that oral HPV infections occur frequently in children. Our results might also explain the previous findings that half of healthy adults demonstrate HPV-specific CMI irrespective of their partner/sexual status. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0733-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna-Mari Koskimaa
- Medicity Research Laboratory and Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20540, Turku, Finland.
| | - Anna Paaso
- Medicity Research Laboratory and Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20540, Turku, Finland.
| | - Marij J P Welters
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Seija Grénman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Kari Syrjänen
- Department of Clinical Research, Biohit Oyj, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Stina Syrjänen
- Medicity Research Laboratory and Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, 20540, Turku, Finland.
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Premalignant disease in the genital tract in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2015; 33:33-43. [PMID: 26597347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the most common premalignant disease of the lower genital tract encountered during pregnancy. As in the non-pregnant state, abnormal cytology should be referred for colposcopy. However, the role of colposcopy in pregnant women is to exclude invasive cancer by visual inspection and defer biopsy and definitive treatment until the post-partum period. Colposcopic exclusion of invasive disease is the only absolute indication for conisation in pregnancy. It is now evident that treatment for CIN outside of pregnancy, that involves >15 mm deep excision is associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery. Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) rarely present in women of childbearing age; nevertheless, medical management should be postponed until after delivery, unless symptoms are particularly severe.
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Dubowitz H, Christian CW, Hymel K, Kellogg ND. Forensic medical evaluations of child maltreatment: a proposed research agenda. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:1734-1746. [PMID: 25224781 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Physicians play an important role in the forensic evaluation of suspected child abuse and neglect. There has been considerable progress in the medical field, helping distinguish findings related to maltreatment from other conditions or circumstances. Nevertheless, important questions remain. This article covers several of these questions and proposes a research agenda concerning five main topics: sexual abuse, neglect, fractures, abusive head trauma, and physicians work in interdisciplinary settings. The suggestions are hardly inclusive, but offer suggestions the authors think are priorities, and ones that research could reasonably address. By providing some background to gaps in our knowledge, this paper should be of interest to a broader audience than just medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy W Christian
- The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Nancy D Kellogg
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA
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44
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Haukioja A, Asunta M, Söderling E, Syrjänen S. Persistent oral human papillomavirus infection is associated with smoking and elevated salivary immunoglobulin G concentration. J Clin Virol 2014; 61:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Oral human papillomavirus infection in men might contribute to HPV serology. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 34:237-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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Human papillomavirus 16 E2-, E6- and E7-specific T-cell responses in children and their mothers who developed incident cervical intraepithelial neoplasia during a 14-year follow-up of the Finnish Family HPV cohort. J Transl Med 2014; 12:44. [PMID: 24524328 PMCID: PMC3929154 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has traditionally been regarded as a sexually transmitted disease (STD), but recent evidence implicates that an infected mother can transmit HPV to her newborn during pregnancy, at delivery, perinatal period or later. Given the lack of any studies on HPV-specific immune responses in children, we conducted HPV16-specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) monitoring of the mother-child pairs with known oral and genital HPV follow-up (FU) data since the delivery. In the Finnish Family HPV Study, 10 out of 331 mothers developed incident cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) during their 14-year FU. Our hypothesis according to the common dogma is that there is no HPV16 specific immune response in offspring of the CIN mother as she/he has not started the sexual life yet. Methods We used overlapping 30–35 mer peptides covering the entire HPV16 E2, E6 and E7 protein sequences. Assays for lymphocyte proliferation capacity, cytokine production and HPV16-specific Foxp3 + CD25 + CD4+ regulatory T-cells were performed. Results HPV16-specific proliferative T-cell responses were broader in children than in their mothers. Nine of 10 children had responses against both E2 peptide pools compared to only 4 of the 10 mothers. Six of the 10 children and only 2 mothers displayed reactivity to E6 and/or E7. The cytokine levels of IL-2 (p = 0.023) and IL-5 (p = 0.028) induced by all peptide pools, were also higher among children than their mothers. The children of the mothers with incident CIN3 had significantly higher IFN-γ (p = 0.032) and TNF-α (p = 0.008) levels than other children. Conclusions Our study is the first to show that also children could have HPV-specific immunity. These data indicate that the children have circulating HPV16-specific memory T-cells which might have been induced by previous HPV16 exposure or ongoing HPV 16 infection.
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47
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Moscicki AB, Puga A, Farhat S, Ma Y. Human papillomavirus infections in nonsexually active perinatally HIV infected children. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2014; 28:66-70. [PMID: 24460009 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2013.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are common in HIV-infected adults, little is known about children. Our objective was to examine the prevalence of and risks for HPV of the oral mucosal and external genital areas in nonsexually active (NSA) perinatally (P) HIV+ children and compare with HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children. A convenience sample attending a pediatric clinic were enrolled. Samples for HPV were obtained from the oral and anogenital areas and tested for one of 37 HPV types. The mean age of the 48 PHIV+ children was 14.3±3.9 years vs. 6.2±4.8 for the 52 HEU (p<0.001). Of the 23 PHIV+ girls, 30.4% had anogenital and 17% had oral HPV, and of the 27 HEU girls, 2 (7.4%) anogenital and 0 had oral HPV. Of the boys, 4/23 (17.4%) and 1/25 (4%) PHIV+ had anogenital and oral HPV, respectively, and 3/24 (12.5%) and 1/25 (4%) HEU had anogenital and oral HPV, respectively. Rates of HPV did not differ by age among the PHIV+, whereas older HEU were more likely to have HPV than younger HEU (p=0.07). This large age gap precluded statistical comparison by HIV status. The presence of HPV in NSA PHIV+ children may have implications regarding HPV vaccination efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Barbara Moscicki
- 1 Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California
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Grimes RM, Benjamins LJ, Williams KL. Counseling about the HPV vaccine: desexualize, educate, and advocate. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2013; 26:243-8. [PMID: 24049807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Information is provided for clinicians who treat adolescents and adult women to use when counseling patients about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. A literature search was done to determine: (1) reasons for refusal of the vaccine, including cost and concerns that immunization against HPV will lead to promiscuity; (2) potential for non-sexual transmission of HPV; (3) non-genital locations of HPV; (4) non-genital cancers associated with HPV. Vaccines for Children Program and the Affordable Care Act eliminate many costs.Neither biological nor behavioral evidence supports the idea that sexual behavior changes after immunization. HPV is transmitted from person to person by non-sexual routes including mother to child at birth and apparently by touch after birth. HPV is persistent in the environment, including medical environments. It has been found on apparently sterilized instruments used in vaginal exams. Pathogenic HPV has been recovered from breast tissue, sinonasal areas, and nipples as well as from hair follicles on arms, legs, scalps, eyebrows, and pubic hair. Pathogenic HPV was found in 6.5% of the oral cavities of a random sample of Americans. HPV is known to cause anal and oral cancers. It has also been associated with skin cancers, breast tumors, and prostate cancers. It is not known if the vaccine is protective against these cancers, but it is useful to educate about these other routes of transmission and non-genital HPV linked cancers so that patients/parents do not just focus on the sexual nature of the human papillomavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Grimes
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Troy JD, Grandis JR, Youk AO, Diergaarde B, Romkes M, Weissfeld JL. Childhood passive smoke exposure is associated with adult head and neck cancer. Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37:417-23. [PMID: 23619143 PMCID: PMC3706460 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Passive smoke is carcinogenic but its association with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is uncertain. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of childhood passive smoke exposure (CPSE) and HNSCC in 858 cases and 806 frequency-matched controls using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with logistic regression controlling for adult smoking in the total study population, and in never-smokers only (184 cases and 415 controls). CPSE was also studied in oropharyngeal separately from other HNSCC using polytomous logistic regression. RESULTS CPSE was associated with HNSCC (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.01-1.63) after controlling for adult smoking and other factors. This association was similar in magnitude, although not statistically significant, among subjects who never smoked as adults (OR, 1.19, 95% CI, 0.80-1.76). CPSE was associated more strongly with oropharyngeal cancer (a HNSCC subtype commonly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection) than with HNSCC at non-oropharyngeal sites (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.01-4.06, N=52 cases vs. OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.68-1.60, N=132 cases; P-for-heterogeneity=0.08). CONCLUSIONS Data from this large US-based case control study suggest a role for CPSE in HNSCC etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Troy
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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Lee SM, Park JS, Norwitz ER, Koo JN, Oh IH, Park JW, Kim SM, Kim YH, Park CW, Song YS. Risk of vertical transmission of human papillomavirus throughout pregnancy: a prospective study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66368. [PMID: 23785495 PMCID: PMC3681772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Much controversy still exists about maternal-to-infant transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, specifically about the magnitude of the risk and the route and timing of such vertical transmission. This prospective cohort study examines the risk of vertical transmission of maternal HPV in each trimester of pregnancy. Study design One hundred fifty three healthy pregnant women were followed longitudinally throughout pregnancy and cervical swabs obtained in each trimester and postpartum for HPV detection. Cord blood, neonatal nasopharyngeal aspirates, and placental biopsies were collected at delivery. DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction, and hybridization were performed using the GG HPV Genotyping Chip Kit (Goodgene Inc., Seoul, Korea). Detection of HPV in neonates was defined as the presence of HPV DNA in either cord blood or neonatal nasopharyngeal aspirate. Results HPV DNA was detected in 14%(22/153) of healthy women in the first trimester, 18%(22/124) in the second trimester, and 10%(15/153) in the third trimester; 24%(37/153) were positive for HPV DNA on at least one occasion in pregnancy. At birth, 5.2%(8/153) of neonates were HPV DNA positive. Seven of these eight infants were born to HPV-positive mothers. Placental HPV DNA was positive in 3.3%(5/152) of cases, and all five cases were from mothers with at least one HPV-positive test. Detection of HPV DNA in neonates was associated with detection of HPV in mothers during any of the three trimesters of pregnancy. Conclusion HPV DNA was detected at birth in 5.2%(8/153) of neonates born to healthy women, and was associated with the detection of HPV in mothers during any of the three trimesters of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Mi Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Shin Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Errol R. Norwitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inje University College of Medicine, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Sun Min Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Wook Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Major in Biomodulation, World Class University, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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