1
|
Wolf MA, O'Hara JM, Bitzer GJ, Narayanan E, Boehm DT, Bevere JR, DeJong MA, Hall JM, Wong TY, Falcone S, Deal CE, Richards A, Green S, Nguyen B, King E, Ogega C, Russo L, Sen-Kilic E, Plante O, Himansu S, Barbier M, Carfi A, Damron FH. Multivalent mRNA-DTP vaccines are immunogenic and provide protection from Bordetella pertussis challenge in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:103. [PMID: 38858423 PMCID: PMC11164898 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acellular multivalent vaccines for pertussis (DTaP and Tdap) prevent symptomatic disease and infant mortality, but immunity to Bordetella pertussis infection wanes significantly over time resulting in cyclic epidemics of pertussis. The messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine platform provides an opportunity to address complex bacterial infections with an adaptable approach providing Th1-biased responses. In this study, immunogenicity and challenge models were used to evaluate the mRNA platform with multivalent vaccine formulations targeting both B. pertussis antigens and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Immunization with mRNA formulations were immunogenetic, induced antigen specific antibodies, as well as Th1 T cell responses. Upon challenge with either historical or contemporary B. pertussis strains, 6 and 10 valent mRNA DTP vaccine provided protection equal to that of 1/20th human doses of either DTaP or whole cell pertussis vaccines. mRNA DTP immunized mice were also protected from pertussis toxin challenge as measured by prevention of lymphocytosis and leukocytosis. Collectively these pre-clinical mouse studies illustrate the potential of the mRNA platform for multivalent bacterial pathogen vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Allison Wolf
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Graham J Bitzer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Dylan T Boehm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Justin R Bevere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Megan A DeJong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jesse M Hall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ting Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emel Sen-Kilic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | | | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reicherz F, Li S, Watts AA, Goldfarb DM, Lavoie PM, Abu-Raya B. Bordetella pertussis infection following relaxation of COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions in 2021-2023 in Vancouver metropolitan area, British Columbia, Canada. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00620-0. [PMID: 38797627 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported a near disappearance of B. pertussis and a decline in anti-B. pertussis antibodies during the peak implementation of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) in 2021 in British Columbia (BC), Canada. During 2021-2023, incidence of reported B. pertussis cases remained low in BC at < 1/100,000 population. This study determined how serological evidence of B. pertussis changed after the gradual relaxation of NPI between 2021-2023. METHODS Randomly selected blood samples from school staff 25-51 years old (n = 65) were collected yearly between 2021-2023 in the Vancouver metropolitan area, BC, Canada, and tested for anti-pertussis toxin (PT) IgG levels. Serological evidence of B. pertussis infection (thereafter "seroconversion") was defined as a quantifiable anti-PT IgG levels in subjects with anti-PT IgG levels below lower limit of quantification in the preceding year or a > 4-fold increase in anti-PT IgG levels between two subsequent years. Samples were also tested for anti-diphtheria toxoid (DT) IgG, and similar seroconversion criteria were applied to exclude seroconversion due to vaccination with tetanus-diphtheria-acellular-pertussis (Tdap). RESULTS Three subjects met seroconversion criteria for anti-PT IgG between 2021 and 2022 and 9 between 2022 and 2023, yielding a seroconversion rate of 4.6 /100 person-years and 14.9/100 person-years, P = 0.127, respectively. None of the subjects met the criteria for vaccination with Tdap. The geometric mean concentration of anti-PT IgG showed a statistically significant decrease in 2022 compared with 2021, 4.8 IU/mL IU/ml (95 % confidence interval [CI], 3.8-5.9) vs. 6.4 IU/ml (95 % CI, 4.9-8.2; p = 0.001), followed by a statistically significant increase in 2023 compared with 2022 6.5 IU/ml (95 % CI, 4.9-8.5) vs. 4.8 IU/ml (95 % CI, 3.8-5.9; p = 0.0006), respectively. DISCUSSION Serological evidence of B. pertussis increased between 2022 and 2023 despite low reported cases, which suggests that B. pertussis circulation resumed after relaxing of COVID-19 NPI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Reicherz
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany
| | - Sirui Li
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Allison A Watts
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David M Goldfarb
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bahaa Abu-Raya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre and the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada; Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Daluwatte C, Dvaretskaya M, Ekhtiari S, Hayat P, Montmerle M, Mathur S, Macina D. Development of an algorithm for finding pertussis episodes in a population-based electronic health record database. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2209455. [PMID: 37171155 PMCID: PMC10184588 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2209455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines for adolescents and adults were licensed in 2005 and immunization strategies proposed, the burden of pertussis in this population remains under-recognized mainly due to atypical disease presentation, undermining efforts to optimize protection through vaccination. We developed a machine learning algorithm to identify undiagnosed/misdiagnosed pertussis episodes in patients diagnosed with acute respiratory disease (ARD) using signs, diseases and symptoms from clinician notes and demographic information within electronic health-care records (Optum Humedica repository [2007-2019]). We used two patient cohorts aged ≥11 years to develop the model: a positive pertussis cohort (4,515 episodes in 4,316 patients) and a negative pertussis (ARD) cohort (4,573,445 episodes and patients), defined using ICD 9/10 codes. To improve contrast between positive pertussis and negative pertussis (ARD) episodes, only episodes with ≥7 symptoms were selected. LightGBM was used as the machine learning model for pertussis episode identification. Model validity was determined using laboratory-confirmed pertussis positive and negative cohorts. Model explainability was obtained using the Shapley additive explanations method. The predictive performance was as follows: area under the precision-recall curve, 0.24 (SD, 7 × 10-3); recall, 0.72 (SD, 4 × 10-3); precision, 0.012 (SD, 1 × 10-3); and specificity, 0.94 (SD, 7 × 10-3). The model applied to laboratory-confirmed positive and negative pertussis episodes had a specificity of 0.846. Predictive probability for pertussis increased with presence of whooping cough, whoop, and post-tussive vomiting in clinician notes, but decreased with gastrointestinal bleeding, sepsis, pulmonary symptoms, and fever. In conclusion, machine learning can help identify pertussis episodes among those diagnosed with ARD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sachin Mathur
- Digital R&D, Sanofi US Services, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Denis Macina
- Global Medical, PPH Franchise, Sanofi, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pehlivan T, Dinleyici EC, Kara A, Kurugöl Z, Tezer H, Aksakal NB, Biri A, Azap A. The Present and Future Aspects of Life-Long Pertussis Prevention: Narrative Review with Regional Perspectives for Türkiye. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:2495-2512. [PMID: 37815753 PMCID: PMC10651609 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, remains one of the most widespread, contagious, and vaccine-preventable diseases. It results in notable morbidity and mortality as well as severe medical, social, and economic burden. Despite high global vaccine coverage, pertussis continues to be a significant epidemiologic problem, with outbreak episodes every few years just as in the pre-vaccination era. In Türkiye, there is a lack of comprehensive data on the current burden of pertussis in different age and risk groups, leading to underdiagnosis and underreporting of the disease, especially in adults who are often not considered at risk. Available data from Türkiye also reveal inadequate levels of protective antibodies in preterm newborns, emphasizing the need for additional preventive measures. Authors stated that improving physician awareness of pertussis symptoms in patients with prolonged cough, increasing access to routine pertussis tests, and conducting surveillance studies would aid in accurate diagnosis and reporting in Türkiye. As the Turkish Ministry of Health Antenatal Care Management Guide suggests routine second and third pregnancy check-up visits at weeks 18-24 and 28-32 correspondingly, this period can be considered the ideal vaccination time for Türkiye. Introducing a booster dose of Tdap at around 10 years of age or during national military service would reduce transmission and protect susceptible individuals. Identifying individuals at high risk of severe pertussis and prioritizing them for a booster dose is also crucial in Türkiye. Enhancing surveillance systems, increasing healthcare professionals' awareness through training, and organizing catch-up visits for missed vaccinations during the COVID-19 pandemic are mentioned as additional strategies to improve pertussis prevention in Türkiye. This review focuses on the global and regional burden of pertussis and obstacles to effective prevention and evaluates existing strategies to achieve lifelong pertussis prevention. Literature and current strategies were also discussed from a Turkish national standpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Pehlivan
- Public Health, Remedium Consulting Group, Izmir, Türkiye.
| | - Ener Cagri Dinleyici
- Department of Pediatrics, Eskisehir Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskisehir, Türkiye
| | - Ateş Kara
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Zafer Kurugöl
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Tezer
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Nur Baran Aksakal
- Department of Public Health, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Aydan Biri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Koru Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Alpay Azap
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Miguelena Chamorro B, De Luca K, Swaminathan G, Longet S, Mundt E, Paul S. Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella pertussis: Similarities and Differences in Infection, Immuno-Modulation, and Vaccine Considerations. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0016422. [PMID: 37306571 PMCID: PMC10512794 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00164-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica belong to the genus Bordetella, which comprises 14 other species. B. pertussis is responsible for whooping cough in humans, a severe infection in children and less severe or chronic in adults. These infections are restricted to humans and currently increasing worldwide. B. bronchiseptica is involved in diverse respiratory infections in a wide range of mammals. For instance, the canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC), characterized by a chronic cough in dogs. At the same time, it is increasingly implicated in human infections, while remaining an important pathogen in the veterinary field. Both Bordetella can evade and modulate host immune responses to support their persistence, although it is more pronounced in B. bronchiseptica infection. The protective immune responses elicited by both pathogens are comparable, while there are important characteristics in the mechanisms that differ. However, B. pertussis pathogenesis is more difficult to decipher in animal models than those of B. bronchiseptica because of its restriction to humans. Nevertheless, the licensed vaccines for each Bordetella are different in terms of formulation, route of administration and immune responses induced, with no known cross-reaction between them. Moreover, the target of the mucosal tissues and the induction of long-lasting cellular and humoral responses are required to control and eliminate Bordetella. In addition, the interaction between both veterinary and human fields are essential for the control of this genus, by preventing the infections in animals and the subsequent zoonotic transmission to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Miguelena Chamorro
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Lyon, France
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, Saint-Priest, France
| | - Karelle De Luca
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, Saint-Priest, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Longet
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Lyon, France
- CIC Inserm 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Egbert Mundt
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Global Innovation, Saint-Priest, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI – Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP (Saint-Etienne), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, UJM, Lyon, France
- CIC Inserm 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang P, Ramadan S, Dubey P, Deora R, Huang X. Development of carbohydrate based next-generation anti-pertussis vaccines. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 74:117066. [PMID: 36283250 PMCID: PMC9925305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen, Bordetella pertussis. Despite high global vaccination rates, pertussis is resurging worldwide. Here we discuss the development of current pertussis vaccines and their limitations, which highlight the need for new vaccines that can protect against the disease and prevent development of the carrier state, thereby reducing transmission. The lipo-oligosaccharide of Bp is an attractive antigen for vaccine development as the anti-glycan antibodies could have bactericidal activities. The structure of the lipo-oligosaccharide has been determined and its immunological properties analyzed. Strategies enabling the expression, isolation, and bioconjugation have been presented. However, obtaining the saccharide on a large scale with high purity remains one of the main obstacles. Chemical synthesis provides a complementary approach to accessing the carbohydrate epitopes in a pure and structurally well-defined form. The first total synthesis of the non-reducing end pertussis pentasaccharide is discussed. The conjugate of the synthetic glycan with a powerful immunogenic carrier, bacteriophage Qβ, results in high levels and long-lasting anti-glycan IgG antibodies, paving the way for the development of a new generation of anti-pertussis vaccines with high bactericidal activities and biocompatibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya 13518, Egypt
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wong TTC, Ng YHG, Yan L, Wright A. Whooping cough complicating pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e243805. [PMID: 34493555 PMCID: PMC8424859 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a previously fit woman who presented at 26 weeks into her fourth pregnancy with a dry cough. Following a nasopharyngeal swab, she was diagnosed with a pertussis infection, and treated with antibiotics. A chest X-ray showed right atrial dilatation and an echocardiogram was scheduled outpatient. However, after re-presenting with worsening cough and dyspnoea, an inpatient echocardiogram was performed which suggested elevated pulmonary pressures with significant tricuspid regurgitation, as confirmed by subsequent cardiac catheterisation. She had an elective caesarean section at 34 weeks and underwent repeat right heart catheterisation which revealed persistent, and likely pre-existing, pulmonary arterial hypertension. This case highlights the importance of thorough assessment of non-obstetric symptoms in pregnancy in formulating alternative differentials, even after a diagnosis has been made, to prevent potentially life-threatening conditions from being missed. It also shows that although often associated, respiratory and cardiac causes may coexist separately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Limin Yan
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ann Wright
- Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Asatryan A, Meyer N, Scherbakov M, Romanenko V, Osipova I, Galustyan A, Shamsheva O, Latysheva T, Myasnikova T, Baudson N, Dodet M, Xavier S, Harrington L, Kuznetsova A, Campora L, Van den Steen P. Immunogenicity, safety, and reactogenicity of combined reduced-antigen-content diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine administered as a booster vaccine dose in healthy Russian participants: a phase III, open-label study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:723-730. [PMID: 32845735 PMCID: PMC7993191 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1796423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
As vaccine-induced immunity and protection following natural pertussis infection wane over time, adults and adolescents may develop pertussis and become transmitters to unprotected infants. In Russia, diphtheria and tetanus but not pertussis-containing vaccines are registered for older children, adolescents, or adults. The reduced-antigen-content diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and acellular pertussis (dTpa) vaccine (Boostrix, GSK) was developed for booster vaccination of children ≥4 years of age, adolescents, and adults. A phase III, open-label, non-randomized study was performed in eight centers in Russia between January and July 2018. The objective of this study was to assess immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of a single dose of dTpa vaccine in healthy Russian participants ≥4 years of age (age categories 4-9 years, 10-17 years, 18-64 years, and ≥65 years). At 1 month post-booster vaccination, across all age groups, >99.0% of participants were seroprotected against diphtheria and tetanus and >96.0% of participants were seropositive for anti-pertussis antibodies. For all antibodies across all age groups, antibody GMCs increased from pre- to 1 month post-booster vaccination and booster responses to diphtheria (in 71.5% of participants), tetanus (85.3%), and pertussis antigens (≥85.6%) were observed. One serious adverse event that was not causally related to the study vaccine was reported. No fatal cases were reported throughout the study period. In conclusion, administration of the dTpa vaccine as a booster dose in healthy Russian participants induced a robust immune response to all vaccine antigens and was generally well tolerated across all age groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Galustyan
- Medical Technologies Ltd, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Shamsheva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
McAlister SM, van den Biggelaar AHJ, Woodman TL, Hutton H, Thornton RB, Richmond PC. An observational study of antibody responses to a primary or subsequent pertussis booster vaccination in Australian healthcare workers. Vaccine 2021; 39:1642-1651. [PMID: 33589299 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adult pertussis vaccination is increasingly recommended to control pertussis in the community. However, there is little data on the duration and kinetics of immunity to pertussis boosters in adults. We compared IgG responses to vaccination with a tetanus, low-dose diphtheria, low-dose acellular pertussis (Tdap) booster at 1 week, 1 month and 1 year post-vaccination in whole-cell (wP)-primed Australian paediatric healthcare workers who had received an adult Tdap booster 5-12 years previously, to those who received their first Tdap booster. Tdap vaccination was well tolerated in both groups. Previously boosted adults had significantly higher pre-vaccination IgG concentrations for all vaccine-antigens, and more were seropositive for pertussis toxin (PT)-specific IgG (≥ 5 IU/mL) (69.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 59.5-79.5) than adults in the naïve group (45.2%; 95% CI 32.8-57.5). Tdap vaccination significantly increased IgG responses 1 month post-vaccination in both groups. This increase was more rapid in previously boosted than in naïve adults, with geometric mean fold-increases in PT-IgG at 1 week post vaccination of 3.6 (95% CI 2.9-4.3) and 2.6 (95% CI 2.2-3.2), respectively. Antibody waning between 1 month and 1 year post-vaccination was similar between groups for IgG specific to PT and filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), but was faster for IgG against pertactin (PRN) in the naïve group (GMC ratio 0.36; 95% CI 0.31-0.42) than the previously boosted group (GMC ratio 0.45; 95% CI 0.39-0.50). At baseline, all but one adult had protective IgG titres against tetanus toxin (TT) (≥ 0.1 IU/mL), and 75.6% in the previously boosted and 61.3% in the naïve group had protective IgG titres against diphtheria toxoid (DT) of ≥ 0.1 IU/mL. This study shows that pertussis immune memory is maintained up to 12 years after Tdap vaccination in wP-primed Australian adults. There was no evidence that pertussis immune responses waned faster after a booster dose. These findings support current recommendations of repeating Tdap booster vaccination in paediatric healthcare workers at least every 10 years. Clinical trials registry: ACTRN12615001262594.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M McAlister
- Vaccine Trials Group, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Anita H J van den Biggelaar
- Vaccine Trials Group, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tabitha L Woodman
- Vaccine Trials Group, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Heidi Hutton
- Vaccine Trials Group, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ruth B Thornton
- Vaccine Trials Group, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter C Richmond
- Vaccine Trials Group, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Departments of Immunology and General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Crowcroft NS. Pertussis Vaccine Is Only Modestly Effective in Adults: Another Piece in the Pertussis Puzzle. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 71:351-352. [PMID: 31504298 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S Crowcroft
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Katfy K, Diawara I, Maaloum F, Aziz S, Guiso N, Fellah H, Slaoui B, Zerouali K, Belabbes H, Elmdaghri N. Pertussis in infants, in their mothers and other contacts in Casablanca, Morocco. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:43. [PMID: 31937256 PMCID: PMC6961324 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, there has been a marked increase in the number of reported cases of pertussis around the world, and pertussis continues to be a frequently occurring disease despite an effective childhood vaccination. This study aims to determine the role of household contacts of children diagnosed with pertussis in Casablanca Morocco. METHODS From November 2015 to October 2017, children suspected of whooping cough that consulted Ibn Rochd University hospital at Casablanca with their household contacts were enrolled in the study. Nasopharyngeal (NP) samples of the suspected children were analyzed by culture and RT-PCR. For the household contacts, NP and blood samples were collected and analyzed by RT-PCR and specific detection of pertussis toxin antibodies by ELISA, respectively. RESULTS During the study period, the survey was carried out on 128 infants hospitalized for pertussis suspicion and their families (N = 140). B. pertussis DNA was specifically detected in 73 (57%) samples, coexistence of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis DNA in 3 (2.3%) samples, coexistence of B. pertussis and B. holmesii DNA in 10 (7.81%) and only one (0.78%) sample was IS 481 RT-PCR positive without the possibility of determining the Bordetella species with the diagnostic tools used. Confirmations of Pertussis infection in household contacts by culture, RT- PCR and serology were 10, 46 and 39%, respectively. B. pertussis DNA was confirmed in the infants as well in their mothers in 38% of the cases. Co detection of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis DNA in 2% and co-detection of B. pertussis and B. holmesii DNA in 4%. B. holmesii DNA alone was detected in 5 NP samples of index cases and their mothers. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirm that B. pertussis is still circulating in children and adults, and were likely a source of pertussis contamination in infants still not vaccinated. The use of RT-PCR specific for B. pertussis in the diagnosis of adults is less sensitive and should be associated with serologic tests to improve diagnosis of pertussis and contributes to preventing transmission of the disease in infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Katfy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Idrissa Diawara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Santé, Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fakhredine Maaloum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Siham Aziz
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nicole Guiso
- Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hassan Fellah
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Slaoui
- Abderrahim Harouchi Pediatric Hospital, rue Mohamed El Faidouzi, -ex Jenner Quartier: Hôpitaux -, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khalid Zerouali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Houria Belabbes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Naima Elmdaghri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19 rue Tarik Bnou Zyad, 20360 Casablanca, Morocco
- Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, 1, Rue des Hôpitaux, 20100 Casablanca, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Subissi L, Rodeghiero C, Martini H, Litzroth A, Huygen K, Leroux-Roels G, Piérard D, Desombere I. Assessment of IgA anti-PT and IgG anti-ACT reflex testing to improve Bordetella pertussis serodiagnosis in recently vaccinated subjects. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:645.e1-645.e8. [PMID: 31610300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Quantifying IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT) is the most specific and sensitive method for the serodiagnosis of a Bordetella pertussis infection. Since PT is a component of acellular pertussis vaccines, anti-PT IgG is also induced by vaccination, precluding pertussis serodiagnosis based exclusively on anti-PT IgG in recently vaccinated subjects. Here, we aim to identify additional B. pertussis-specific serological markers that can discriminate between infection and recent vaccination. METHODS The clinical usefulness of measuring IgA directed to the vaccine antigen PT and IgG directed to non-vaccine antigens (Fim2/3, LPS, ACT, CatACT) was evaluated in nine well characterized subject groups, aged 10-89 years (n = 390). Serum anti-PT IgG levels (>125 IU/mL) served as an indicator for a recent B. pertussis infection. Comparing symptomatic pertussis-infected subjects (n = 140) with recently vaccinated, non-infected subjects (n = 100) revealed the optimal cut-off, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for each single parameter. RESULTS For pertussis diagnosis in recently vaccinated subjects, the measurement of anti-PT IgA (cut-off 15 IU/mL) and anti-ACT IgG (cut-off 15 U/mL) resulted in accuracies of 95% (91.5-97.1) and 87.5% (82.7-91.1), sensitivities of 92.9% (87.4-96.0) and 83.6% (76.5-88.8) and specificities of 98% (93.0-99.4) and 93% (86.3-96.6), respectively. Comparing anti-PT IgA levels between the youngest (10-19 years, n = 38) and oldest (70-89 years, n = 17) age groups revealed an age-dependent increase in antibody levels in pertussis-infected subjects (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Reflex testing of anti-PT IgA and anti-ACT IgG improves pertussis serodiagnosis in recently vaccinated symptomatic subjects with elevated anti-PT IgG levels. Furthermore, both markers can discriminate between vaccination and recent infection in pertussis serosurveillance studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Subissi
- National Reference Centre (NRC) for Bordetella pertussis, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium; European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Rodeghiero
- National Reference Centre (NRC) for Bordetella pertussis, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Martini
- National Reference Centre (NRC) for Bordetella pertussis, Universitair Ziekenhuis, Brussel, Belgium
| | - A Litzroth
- Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Huygen
- National Reference Centre (NRC) for Bordetella pertussis, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - D Piérard
- National Reference Centre (NRC) for Bordetella pertussis, Universitair Ziekenhuis, Brussel, Belgium
| | - I Desombere
- National Reference Centre (NRC) for Bordetella pertussis, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu J, Liu S, Liu Q, Rong R, Tang W, Wang Q, Kuang S, Zhou C. The effectiveness and safety of pertussis booster vaccination for adolescents and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15281. [PMID: 31008974 PMCID: PMC6494346 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the resurgence of pertussis, many countries have revised the pertussis immunization schedules and recommended booster doses of pertussis component vaccine for adolescents and adults. Here we aim to investigate the effectiveness and safety of pertussis component vaccines in adolescents and adults. METHODS Based on a prospectively registered protocol, we reviewed the literature and selected trials in adolescents and adults using pertussis component vaccine. We followed Cochrane and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) guidance to assess risk of bias, quality of evidence and to perform meta-analyses. RESULTS A total of 17 clinical trials were included. At post-vaccination with pertussis component vaccine, the vaccine protective rate of pertussis reached 88.89%, the vaccine response rate of pertussis antibodies in most trials were above 85%, and the antibody titers at post-vaccination were higher than at pre-vaccination. Reduced-antigen-content diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine was associated with significantly higher incidences of nausea [RR = 1.26, 95%CI:1.01, 1.57] and vomiting [RR = 2.08, 95%CI:1.21, 3.58] in acellular pertussis vaccines combined with tetanus and diphtheria (Tdap) group than diphtheria tetanus-toxoid vaccines (Td) group. Higher dose of diphtheria toxoid and adjuvant in dTap might cause higher incidence of fever. CONCLUSIONS Except for significant difference in gastrointestinal reaction (nausea, vomiting), acellular pertussis component vaccines are quite safe and has short-term effectiveness for the adolescents and adults. The adverse event of acellular pertussis component vaccine is similar to or safer than that of placebo or other vaccines without pertussis component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Immunization Program Office, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Shudan Liu
- Chongqing Yuzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Rong
- Immunization Program Office, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Wenge Tang
- Immunization Program Office, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Qing Wang
- Immunization Program Office, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Shanshan Kuang
- Immunization Program Office, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Chunbei Zhou
- Immunization Program Office, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dlamini SK, Madhi SA, Muloiwa R, Von Gottberg A, Moosa MYS, Meiring ST, Wiysonge CS, Hefer E, Mulaudzi MB, Nuttall J, Moorhouse M, Kagina BM. Guidelines for the vaccination of HIV-infected adolescents and adults in South Africa. South Afr J HIV Med 2018. [DOI: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v19i1.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
No abstract available.
Collapse
|
15
|
School-age children and adolescents suspected of having been to be infected with pertussis in Japan. Vaccine 2018; 36:2910-2915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
van der Lee S, Stoof SP, van Ravenhorst MB, van Gageldonk PGM, van der Maas NAT, Sanders EAM, Buisman AM, Berbers GAM. Enhanced Bordetella pertussis acquisition rate in adolescents during the 2012 epidemic in the Netherlands and evidence for prolonged antibody persistence after infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22. [PMID: 29183555 PMCID: PMC5710659 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.47.17-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In 2012 a large epidemic of pertussis occurred in the Netherlands. We assessed pertussis toxin (PT) antibody levels in longitudinal serum samples from Dutch 10–18 year-olds, encompassing the epidemic, to investigate pertussis infection incidence. Methods: Blood was sampled in October 2011 (n = 239 adolescents), then 1 year (2012; n = 228) and 3 years (2014; n = 167) later. PT-IgG concentrations were measured by immunoassay and concentrations ≥50 IU/mL (seropositive) assumed indicative of an infection within the preceding year. Results: During the 2012 epidemic, 10% of participants became seropositive, while this was just 3% after the epidemic. The pertussis acquisition rate proved to be sixfold higher during the epidemic (97 per 1,000 person-years) compared with 2012–2014 (16 per 1,000 person-years). In 2012, pertussis notifications among adolescents nationwide were 228/100,000 (0.23%), which is at least 40 times lower than the seropositivity percentage. Remarkably, 17 of the 22 seropositive participants in 2011, were still seropositive in 2012 and nine remained seropositive for at least 3 years. Discussion: Longitudinal studies allow a better estimation of pertussis infections in the population. A PT-IgG concentration ≥50 IU/mL as indication of recent infection may overestimate these numbers in cross-sectional serosurveillance and should be used carefully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia van der Lee
- Department of Peadiatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne P Stoof
- Department of Peadiatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mariette B van Ravenhorst
- Department of Peadiatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter G M van Gageldonk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoline A T van der Maas
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Sanders
- Department of Peadiatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Buisman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Guy A M Berbers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Weinberger R, Riffelmann M, Kennerknecht N, Hülße C, Littmann M, O'Brien J, von Kries R, von König CHW. Long-lasting cough in an adult German population: incidence, symptoms, and related pathogens. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:665-672. [PMID: 29302815 PMCID: PMC7088169 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the incidence of pertussis in adults have shown that it accounts for only 5–15% cases of prolonged coughing. We assessed the burden of suffering related to prolonged coughing and tried to identify further causative agents. Based on a sentinel study with 35 general practitioners in two German cities (Krefeld, Rostock), with 3,946 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, we estimated the incidence of prolonged coughing in adults. In 975 of these outpatients, PCR and/or serology for adenovirus, Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis, human metapneumovirus, influenza virus A and rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, Mycoplasma pneumonia, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were performed. Treatment data were extracted for a subgroup of 138 patients. Descriptive statistics, including Kaplan–Maier curves were generated. Yearly incidence ranged between 1.4 and 2.1% per population in the two cities. Adult patients sought medical attention only after a median of 3 weeks of coughing. Irrespective of smoking and unrelated to the identified pathogens, the median duration of coughing was 6 weeks, with an interquartile range of 4–11 weeks. In 48.3% of patients, possible pathogens were identified, among which adenovirus (15.1%), RSV (7.5%), B. pertussis (5.6%), and influenza viruses (4.0%) were most often found. Symptoms were not indicative of a specific agent and a total of 64% of patients received antibiotics. Prolonged adult coughing requiring medical attention prompts substantial healthcare use. Apart from B. pertussis, a broad range of pathogens was associated with the symptoms. However, patients sought medical attention too late to guide efficacious therapeutic interventions using the diagnostic tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Weinberger
- Institut für Soziale Pädiatrie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Riffelmann
- Labor: Medizin Krefeld MVZ GmbH, Krefeld, Germany.,Institut für Hygiene und Labormedizin, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Nicole Kennerknecht
- Institut für Hygiene und Labormedizin, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Christel Hülße
- Landesamt für Gesundheit und Soziales des Landes Mecklenburg Vorpommern, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martina Littmann
- Landesamt für Gesundheit und Soziales des Landes Mecklenburg Vorpommern, Rostock, Germany
| | - Judith O'Brien
- Institut für Soziale Pädiatrie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Labor: Medizin Krefeld MVZ GmbH, Krefeld, Germany.,Institut für Hygiene und Labormedizin, HELIOS Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany.,Landesamt für Gesundheit und Soziales des Landes Mecklenburg Vorpommern, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rüdiger von Kries
- Institut für Soziale Pädiatrie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nunes MC, Downs S, Jones S, van Niekerk N, Cutland CL, Madhi SA. Bordetella pertussis Infection in South African HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Mother-Infant Dyads: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 63:S174-S180. [PMID: 27838670 PMCID: PMC5106617 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. There is a paucity of data regarding the burden of Bordetella pertussis in African women and young infants, and particularly the impact of maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection thereon. We performed a retrospective analysis of respiratory illness samples from longitudinal cohorts of HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected women and their infants to evaluate the burden of pertussis illness in a black-African community. Methods. The women were followed up for respiratory illness from midpregnancy and together with their infants until 24 weeks postpartum. Respiratory samples obtained at the time of illness visits were tested for B. pertussis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results. The study included 194 HIV-infected and 1060 HIV-uninfected women, and 188 and 1028 infant offspring, respectively. There were 7 PCR-confirmed pertussis cases in the HIV-exposed infants and 30 in HIV-unexposed infants (7.4 vs 5.5 episodes per 1000 infant-months; P = .47), at a mean age of 70.9 days. All infant pertussis cases had a history of cough (mean duration, 6.3 days). Six of 17 (35.3%) pertussis-confirmed cases in infants <2 months of age were admitted to hospital within 21 days of B. pertussis detection, whereas none of the 20 cases ≥2 months of age required hospitalization. Ten PCR-positive pertussis-associated illnesses were detected in HIV-infected women compared with 32 in the HIV-uninfected women (6.8 vs 3.9 episodes per 1000 person-months; P = .12). Conclusions. Bordetella pertussis identification was common among young infants with respiratory illness, most of whom were too young to be fully protected through direct vaccination. Vaccination of pregnant women might be a valuable strategy in a setting such us ours to prevent B. pertussis–associated illness in women and their young infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta C Nunes
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases.,Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Sarah Downs
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases.,Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Stephanie Jones
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases.,Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Nadia van Niekerk
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases.,Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Clare L Cutland
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases.,Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases.,Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand.,National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dias WDO, Prestes AFR, Cunegundes PS, Silva EP, Raw I. Immunization against Pertussis: An Almost Solved Problem or a Headache in Public Health. Vaccines (Basel) 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.69283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
20
|
Brief Report: Seroprevalence of Pertussis Infection in HIV-Infected Adults in the United States. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2017; 73:282-286. [PMID: 27105050 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis is a resurgent infection that can cause significant morbidity among adults. CD4 T cells are necessary for its clearance, but pertussis studies in HIV-infected adults are limited to case reports. We analyzed stored serum samples from 299 HIV-infected adults to determine the seroprevalence of pertussis among this population. We found that 4.3% of subjects had serologic evidence of recent pertussis infection, and annual incidence of pertussis infection among subjects not vaccinated against pertussis in the last 5 years was 10.5%-17.5%. Prospective studies are needed to define the clinical presentation of pertussis in HIV-infected adults and to optimize vaccination strategies.
Collapse
|
21
|
Yacoub A, Nanjappa S, Janz T, Greene JN. Infectious Disease Report: Bordetella pertussis Infection in Patients With Cancer. Cancer Control 2017; 23:163-6. [PMID: 27218794 DOI: 10.1177/107327481602300211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We illustrate 2 cases of pneumonia associated with Bordetella pertussis infection in 72-year-old and 61-year-old patients with cancer receiving myelosuppressive therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bacterial infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer, and those receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplant, solid organ transplant, or myelosuppressive therapy are at increased risk. The infection was detected and the 2 patients had good outcomes following azithromycin treatment. Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a contagious respiratory illness that has become a public health challenge due to decreased immunity of the pertussis vaccine. Therefore, it is critical to recognize pertussis early in the course of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Yacoub
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612-9497, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Barry C. Immunization Update. PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT CLINICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpha.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
23
|
Fedele G, Carollo M, Palazzo R, Stefanelli P, Pandolfi E, Gesualdo F, Tozzi AE, Carsetti R, Villani A, Nicolai A, Midulla F, Ausiello CM. Parents as source of pertussis transmission in hospitalized young infants. Infection 2016; 45:171-178. [PMID: 27614887 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-016-0943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was planned to collect evidences of familial pertussis transmission to infants younger than 6 months of age. Understanding the dynamics of transmission of pertussis in families is essential to plan effective prevention strategies that could be integrated in pertussis control. METHODS The seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT-IgG) and prolonged cough symptoms were evaluated in parents of 55 infants aged <6 months hospitalized for confirmed pertussis. Parents of 33 infants with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and parents of 57 healthy infants admitted as outpatients for hip ultrasound examination (HE) were enrolled as controls. RESULTS Parents of pertussis cases had PT-IgG levels significantly higher as compared to LRTI and HE parents. More than 40 % were compatible as transmitters of pertussis to their babies, since they had a level of PT-IgG ≥ 100 IU/ml, which is considered diagnostic for a recent pertussis episode. Based on serology, the percentage of pertussis cases that had at least one parent as source of infection was 49.1 %. When cough symptoms were taken into account, the percentage of parents putative transmitters of the infection to their infants increased to 56.4 %. CONCLUSIONS Parents are scarcely aware of the household transmission of pertussis to their newborns. Our study highlights the need to advise parents about the likelihood of transmission to the newborn and to be particularly aware of coughing symptoms in the household. Since infection can be asymptomatic, a serological survey of family members should also be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Fedele
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Carollo
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Palazzo
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Stefanelli
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pandolfi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gesualdo
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Eugenio Tozzi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Immunology Area, B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immune Diagnosis Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ambra Nicolai
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Midulla
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Maria Ausiello
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kilgore PE, Salim AM, Zervos MJ, Schmitt HJ. Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016; 29:449-86. [PMID: 27029594 PMCID: PMC4861987 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00083-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a severe respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, and in 2008, pertussis was associated with an estimated 16 million cases and 195,000 deaths globally. Sizeable outbreaks of pertussis have been reported over the past 5 years, and disease reemergence has been the focus of international attention to develop a deeper understanding of pathogen virulence and genetic evolution of B. pertussis strains. During the past 20 years, the scientific community has recognized pertussis among adults as well as infants and children. Increased recognition that older children and adolescents are at risk for disease and may transmit B. pertussis to younger siblings has underscored the need to better understand the role of innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immunity, including the role of waning immunity. Although recognition of adult pertussis has increased in tandem with a better understanding of B. pertussis pathogenesis, pertussis in neonates and adults can manifest with atypical clinical presentations. Such disease patterns make pertussis recognition difficult and lead to delays in treatment. Ongoing research using newer tools for molecular analysis holds promise for improved understanding of pertussis epidemiology, bacterial pathogenesis, bioinformatics, and immunology. Together, these advances provide a foundation for the development of new-generation diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Kilgore
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum Collage of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Abdulbaset M Salim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum Collage of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Marcus J Zervos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Schmitt
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Pfizer Vaccines, Paris, France Department of Pediatrics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Atkins KE, Fitzpatrick MC, Galvani AP, Townsend JP. Cost-Effectiveness of Pertussis Vaccination During Pregnancy in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183:1159-70. [PMID: 27188951 PMCID: PMC4908210 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against pertussis has reduced the disease burden dramatically, but the most severe cases and almost all fatalities occur in infants too young to be vaccinated. Recent epidemiologic evidence suggests that targeted vaccination of mothers during pregnancy can reduce pertussis incidence in their infants. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of antepartum maternal vaccination in the United States, we created an age-stratified transmission model, incorporating empirical data on US contact patterns and explicitly modeling parent-infant exposure. Antepartum maternal vaccination incurs costs of $114,000 (95% prediction interval: 82,000, 183,000) per quality-adjusted life-year, in comparison with the strategy of no adult vaccination, and is cost-effective in the United States according to World Health Organization criteria. By contrast, vaccinating a second parent is not cost-effective, and vaccination of either parent postpartum is strongly dominated by antepartum maternal vaccination. Nonetheless, postpartum vaccination of mothers who were not vaccinated antepartum improves upon the current recommendation of untargeted adult vaccination. Additionally, the temporary direct protection of the infant due to maternal antibody transfer has efficacy for infants comparable to that conferred to toddlers by the full primary vaccination series. Efficient protection against pertussis for infants begins before birth. We highly recommend antepartum vaccination for as many US mothers as possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meagan C. Fitzpatrick
- Correspondence to Dr. Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, 135 College Street, Suite 200, New Haven, CT 06510 (e-mail: )
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Esposito S, Principi N. Immunization against pertussis in adolescents and adults. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22 Suppl 5:S89-S95. [PMID: 27130670 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pertussis is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by Bordetella pertussis that can be extremely serious, particularly in young infants. For many years the efforts of health authorities throughout the world to prevent pertussis had the main goals of reducing the morbidity of infants and children under 5 years of age, maintaining protection for several years during the school-age period and developing a significant herd immunity to directly and indirectly reduce the risk of the spread of the disease among young infants and the risk of transmission of the infection from preschool children to infants. However, the increased risk of B. pertussis infection among adolescents and adults due to the waning immunity to this bacterium induced by vaccines and natural infection seems to be the main reason for the resurgence of pertussis. We discuss the reasons for the administration of pertussis vaccines to individuals for whom they were previously not recommended, the expected results of the administration of additional pertussis vaccine doses and the differences in the administration of pertussis vaccines in different countries. An analysis of the literature revealed several reports indicating the need for the modification of immunization schedules against pertussis, with booster doses among adolescents and the need for the vaccination of pregnant women. However, to monitor the true epidemiology of pertussis, effective programmes to collect pertussis cases, adequate reporting systems and vaccination coverage monitoring should be urgently implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Esposito
- Pediatric High Intensity Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - N Principi
- Pediatric High Intensity Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | -
- Pediatric High Intensity Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Trainor EA, Nicholson TL, Merkel TJ. Bordetella pertussis transmission. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv068. [PMID: 26374235 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis and B. bronchiseptica are Gram-negative bacterial respiratory pathogens. Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough and is considered a human-adapted variant of B. bronchiseptica. Bordetella pertussis and B. bronchiseptica share mechanisms of pathogenesis and are genetically closely related. However, despite the close genetic relatedness, these Bordetella species differ in several classic fundamental aspects of bacterial pathogens such as host range, pathologies and persistence. The development of the baboon model for the study of B. pertussis transmission, along with the development of the swine and mouse model for the study of B. bronchiseptica, has enabled the investigation of different aspects of transmission including the route, attack rate, role of bacterial and host factors, and the impact of vaccination on transmission. This review will focus on B. pertussis transmission and how animal models of B. pertussis transmission and transmission models using the closely related B. bronchiseptica have increased our understanding of B. pertussis transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Trainor
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tracy L Nicholson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Tod J Merkel
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Barkoff AM, Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela K, He Q. Seroprevalence studies of pertussis: what have we learned from different immunized populations. Pathog Dis 2015. [PMID: 26208655 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is a pathogen-causing whooping cough (pertussis) in humans. Although vaccination against the disease is effective, the bacterium is still circulating among population and can even cause death. Especially young infants, who lack protection, are vulnerable. The laboratory diagnostic methods to detect B. pertussis are culture, PCR and ELISA serology. Reported cases of the disease vary among countries but usually the incidence rates are low, <1 to 10/100 000. However, pertussis often goes unrecognized among patients as it presents itself like the common cold, especially in adults and elders who are often the source of the infection. This makes pertussis difficult to monitor and control. Serological surveillance is an easy manner to estimate the real burden of the disease among population. Furthermore, to have reliable results, anti-PT IgG antibodies should be measured, as PT is the only specific antigen to B. pertussis. This review aims to evaluate available pertussis seroprevalence studies throughout the world, and to compare the findings from countries with different vaccination histories and strategies. Estimation of the real burden of pertussis is compared to reported numbers. In addition, future aspects in seroprevalence studies are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex-Mikael Barkoff
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Qiushui He
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The contribution of PCR testing to influenza and pertussis notifications in Australia. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 144:306-14. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYInfluenza and pertussis are the two most common vaccine-preventable infections notified in Australia. We assessed the role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis in influenza and pertussis cases notified to the Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). There were a total of 2 10 786 notified influenza cases (2001–2013) and 2 55 866 notified pertussis cases (1991–2013). After 1 January 2007, the majority of influenza and pertussis notifications were PCR-based (80·5% and 59·6%, respectively). Before 31 December 2006, PCR-based notifications were limited (29·1% and 11·7%, respectively). By 2013, PCR-based notifications had largely replaced all other diagnostic methods, with the exception of serology-based notifications in pertussis cases in adults aged ⩾25 years.
Collapse
|
30
|
The History of Pertussis (Whooping Cough); 1906–2015: Facts, Myths, and Misconceptions. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-015-0041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
31
|
Abstract
The age-associated increased susceptibility to infectious disease would suggest that vaccination should be a route to promote healthy aging and keep our seniors autonomous and independent. While vaccination represents a cost-effective and efficient strategy at community level, the ability of the immune system to mount a protective immune response is still unpredictable at the level of the individual. Thus, at a similar age, some individuals, including the elderly, might still be 'good' responders while some other, even younger, would definitely fail to mount a protective response. In this review, the current burden of vaccine-preventable diseases in the aging and aged population will be detailed with the aim to identify the ideal vaccine candidates over the age of 50 years. This article will conclude with potential strategies to reduce, as best as possible, this burden and the imperative need to overcome barriers in extending current vaccine coverage towards to a lifelong vaccine schedule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Lang
- Translational Medicine Research group, Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, England,
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pertussis in the newborn: certainties and uncertainties in 2014. Paediatr Respir Rev 2015; 16:112-8. [PMID: 25613084 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis infection remains a serious potential health risk to infants, specially in those too young to be vaccinated. Over the recent years, numerous sources highlighted a widespread resurgence, making it, again, a challenging disease. Globally, pertussis is ranked among the 10 leading causes of childhood mortality. This review summarizes the most recent literature and will address the most important aspects that pediatricians and neonatologists must be familiar with, when treating a newborńs pertussis infection.
Collapse
|
33
|
Nicholson LK, Janoff EN. Respiratory Bacterial Vaccines. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00058-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
34
|
Solano R, Rius C, Simón P, Manzanares-Laya S, Ros M, Toledo D, Domíngez À, Caylà JA. Evaluation of reported cases of pertussis: epidemiological study in a large city in Spain. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1688-1695. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.079756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We retrospectively analysed the incidence rate of reported cases of pertussis in Barcelona during 2009–2012 according to age, sex, type of medical centre and vaccination status. We included 748 confirmed or suspected cases, 613 (82.0 %) of which were confirmed by laboratory testing and the remaining 135 (18.0 %) by epidemiological evidence. The highest reported incidence of pertussis was amongst <1 year olds [96.1 per 100 000 person-years, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 84.3–109.1]. The majority of confirmed and suspected cases were reported in 2011 and 2012, and the total incidence (confirmed or suspected) was 6.3 (95 % CI: 5.6–6.9) and 4.2 (95 % CI: 3.6–4.7) per 100 000 person-years, respectively. Incidence increased significantly (P = 0.001) in 2011–2012 compared with 2009. Most confirmed cases occurred in children <1 year old (87.9 %). Cases were confirmed by real-time (RT)-PCR (87.5 %; 95 % CI: 81.3–87.6) and bacterial culture (13.7 %; 95 % CI: 11.0–17.1). We recommend performing RT-PCR in suspected cases with no epidemiological link to a confirmed case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Solano
- Epidemiology Department, Barcelona Public Health Agency, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rius
- Epidemiology Department, Barcelona Public Health Agency, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere Simón
- Epidemiology Department, Barcelona Public Health Agency, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miriam Ros
- Epidemiology Department, Barcelona Public Health Agency, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Toledo
- Department of Public Health, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngela Domíngez
- Department of Public Health, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan A. Caylà
- Epidemiology Department, Barcelona Public Health Agency, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Household contacts are important sources of Bordetella pertussis in infants. A total of 353 household contacts of 97 index cases were evaluated for pertussis by culture and polymerase chain reaction. Twenty eight contacts were positive (8.0%). The presence of symptoms did not influence the rate of diagnosed bacteriologic pertussis in communicants. We conclude that contacts with an index case can be positive for B. pertussis independently of the presence of symptoms.
Collapse
|
36
|
Moreno Samos M, Amores Torres M, Pradillo Martín MC, Moreno-Pérez D, Cordón Martínez A, Urda Cardona A, Ramos Fernández JM. [Incidence and severity of pertussis in infants with a respiratory syncytial virus infection]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2014; 33:476-9. [PMID: 25459193 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pertussis is a re-emerging disease that mostly affects infants. At this age, the severity can be affected by intercurrent infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). OBJECTIVES To estimate the incidence of RSV infection during an epidemic period in patients hospitalized due to pertussis. The impact on the severity was also observed during hospitalization. PATIENTS AND METHOD A descriptive study of cases diagnosed with pertussis admitted to a tertiary hospital over a 3year period, where the presence of co-infection with RSV was analyzed. The estimate of severity was estimated using the incidence of complications and the level of care required. RESULTS From a total of 73 infants with pertussis, 34 occurred in a bronchiolitis season epidemic. A co-infection due to RSV was detected in 17 patients. The mean age was not significantly different compared to the non co-infected. The mean stay and the need for intensive care was similar in both groups. The need for oxygen therapy care and nutritional support was higher in the coinfected patients. CONCLUSIONS Coinfection with RSV in infants hospitalized with pertussis occurred in ono in 2 patients during a RSV epidemic season, in infants of similar age. Severity in terms of stay, presence of apnea and admission to intensive care was similar, but more need for respiratory care and nutritional support was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Moreno Samos
- Sección de Lactantes, UGC Pediatría, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Complejo Regional Universitario de Málaga
| | - María Amores Torres
- Sección de Lactantes, UGC Pediatría, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Complejo Regional Universitario de Málaga
| | | | - David Moreno-Pérez
- Sección de infectología e inmunodeficiencias, UGC Pediatría, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Complejo Regional Universitario de Málaga
| | - Ana Cordón Martínez
- Sección de Lactantes, UGC Pediatría, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Complejo Regional Universitario de Málaga
| | - Antonio Urda Cardona
- Servicio de Pediatría, UGC Pediatría, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Complejo Regional Universitario de Málaga
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gonfiantini MV, Carloni E, Gesualdo F, Pandolfi E, Agricola E, Rizzuto E, Iannazzo S, Ciofi Degli Atti ML, Villani A, Tozzi AE. Epidemiology of pertussis in Italy: Disease trends over the last century. Euro Surveill 2014; 19:20921. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.40.20921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - E Carloni
- Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - F Gesualdo
- Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - E Pandolfi
- Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - E Agricola
- Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - A Villani
- Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A E Tozzi
- Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
In all vaccinated populations, infections with Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis continue to cause infections in unvaccinated infants and children, as well as in adolescents and adults with waning immunity. Thus in patients with longer lasting coughs a diagnosis of pertussis should be entertained irrespective of their vaccination status. Due to the non-specific clinical symptoms, clinically suspected cases of pertussis must be verified by laboratory methods. Hyperleukocytosis may be helpful in diagnosis for young infants, but in most cases, nonspecific laboratory tests have no role in pertussis diagnosis. Specific laboratory tests include direct detection of the bacteria or their DNA by culture or PCR, whereas serology serves as an indirect method to diagnose pertussis in those patients who present late in the development of the disease. Serology results can be interpreted in relation to reference values for different populations, but serology is unable to distinguish between vaccination and infection.
Collapse
|
39
|
de Gouw D, Serra DO, de Jonge MI, Hermans PW, Wessels HJ, Zomer A, Yantorno OM, Diavatopoulos DA, Mooi FR. The vaccine potential of Bordetella pertussis biofilm-derived membrane proteins. Emerg Microbes Infect 2014; 3:e58. [PMID: 26038752 PMCID: PMC4150286 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2014.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pertussis is an infectious respiratory disease of humans caused by the gram-negative pathogen Bordetella pertussis. The use of acellular pertussis vaccines (aPs) which induce immunity of relative short duration and the emergence of vaccine-adapted strains are thought to have contributed to the recent resurgence of pertussis in industrialized countries despite high vaccination coverage. Current pertussis vaccines consist of antigens derived from planktonic bacterial cultures. However, recent studies have shown that biofilm formation represents an important aspect of B. pertussis infection, and antigens expressed during this stage may therefore be potential targets for vaccination. Here we provide evidence that vaccination of mice with B. pertussis biofilm-derived membrane proteins protects against infection. Subsequent proteomic analysis of the protein content of biofilm and planktonic cultures yielded 11 proteins which were ≥three-fold more abundant in biofilms, of which Bordetella intermediate protein A (BipA) was the most abundant, surface-exposed protein. As proof of concept, mice were vaccinated with recombinantly produced BipA. Immunization significantly reduced colonization of the lungs and antibodies to BipA were found to efficiently opsonize bacteria. Finally, we confirmed that bipA is expressed during respiratory tract infection of mice, and that anti-BipA antibodies are present in the serum of convalescent whooping cough patients. Together, these data suggest that biofilm proteins and in particular BipA may be of interest for inclusion into future pertussis vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daan de Gouw
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands ; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Diego O Serra
- Nijmegen Centre for Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Proteomics Centre, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands ; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Wm Hermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands ; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Jct Wessels
- Netherlands Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert Zomer
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands ; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Osvaldo M Yantorno
- Nijmegen Centre for Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Proteomics Centre, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands ; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Frits R Mooi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands ; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands ; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), CONICET-CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata B1900 ASH, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Falleiros Arlant LH, de Colsa A, Flores D, Brea J, Avila Aguero ML, Hozbor DF. Pertussis in Latin America: epidemiology and control strategies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:1265-75. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.948846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
41
|
Cherry JD. Adult pertussis in the pre- and post-vaccine eras: lifelong vaccine-induced immunity? Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:1073-80. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.935765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
42
|
Abstract
The success of vaccines developed since the beginning of the 20th century, has enabled the conquest of several childhood diseases preventing death and or disability for millions of children. But, globally, the number of children will soon be surpassed by the number of adults over the age of 65. The active lifestyle of these older individuals, coupled with a degree of immune deficiency recognised within this population will lead to a change in the profile of diseases affecting the elderly. The challenge for policy makers and also those involved in primary healthcare is how to protect this population from communicable diseases and keep them healthy, autonomous and independent when vaccines in the main have been developed for use on children and young adults.
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
The virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis: talented modulators of host immune response. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013; 61:445-57. [PMID: 23955529 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-013-0242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 40 million whooping cough cases and between 200,000 and 400,000 pertussis-linked deaths are recorded each year. Although several types of vaccines are licensed and widely used, Bordetella pertussis continues to circulate in populations with high vaccine coverage of infants and children due to the waning of protection induced by the vaccination. B. pertussis typically expresses a wide array of virulence factors which promote bacterial adhesion and invasion by altering the local environment, including pertussis toxin, tracheal cytotoxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, and the lipooligosaccharide. The virulence factors of B. pertussis also possess immunomodulatory properties, exerted through their enzymatic and receptor-binding activities. Both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects are mediated, that can subvert host innate and adaptive immunity and favor the onset of a long-term infection. This review describes the capacities of B. pertussis virulence factors to modulate host immune responses and the mechanisms employed, which have been the subject of extensive research in the recent years, both in murine and human experimental systems. Knowledge of these mechanisms is gaining increasing importance, since it could provide in the near future the basis for the identification of therapeutic agents for modulating the immune system as well as novel molecular targets to treat pertussis.
Collapse
|
45
|
Esolen LM, Kilheeney KL. A mandatory campaign to vaccinate health care workers against pertussis. Am J Infect Control 2013; 41:740-2. [PMID: 23394887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory infection that has dramatically increased in recent decades and has caused outbreaks in health care facilities. Because of these trends, we implemented a mandatory pertussis (Tdap) employee vaccination program. Final vaccination compliance was 97.8% across all clinical campuses.
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Gonfiantini MV, Villani A, Gesualdo F, Pandolfi E, Agricola E, Bozzola E, Arigliani R, Tozzi AE. Attitude of Italian physicians toward pertussis diagnosis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:1485-8. [PMID: 23732898 DOI: 10.4161/hv.24734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resurgence of pertussis has been observed in several countries whereas Italy continues to be a low incidence country. We hypothesize that the low reported incidence of pertussis in Italy could be biased by the attitude of physicians to suspect and diagnose pertussis in different age groups. We investigated the attitude of Italian physicians toward pertussis diagnosis through clinical scenarios. A cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2012 sending online questionnaires to pediatricians and general practitioners (GPs) involved in ambulatory primary care. The questionnaire included five clinical scenarios of patients of different ages (45 d, 5 y, 11 y, 24 y, 58 y) with prolonged cough of at least 2 weeks. Respondents were asked to choose a diagnosis among a list of 14. We observed a decreasing trend of suspected pertussis diagnosis with increasing age of the patient (from 46% at 45 d to 0 at 58 y). In Italy pertussis is seldom suspected in the differential diagnosis of cough particularly in adults. This may cause a significant under-notification of pertussis, with a higher impact in older age groups. Educational programs should be reinforced to consider the differential diagnosis of pertussis in individuals with atypical presentation and in older age groups.
Collapse
|
48
|
Eilers R, Krabbe PFM, van Essen TGA, Suijkerbuijk A, van Lier A, de Melker HE. Assessment of vaccine candidates for persons aged 50 and older: a review. BMC Geriatr 2013; 13:32. [PMID: 23586926 PMCID: PMC3668232 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-13-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing life expectancy in most European countries has resulted in growth of the population 50 and older. This population is more susceptible to infectious diseases because of immunosenescence, co-morbidity and general frailty. Thus, to promote healthy aging, vaccination against vaccine-preventable-diseases could be one strategy. In addition to its possible individual benefits, vaccination may also yield social benefits, such as a lower overall cost of healthcare. Most European countries, however, offer only influenza vaccine although vaccines for pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster, pertussis, and hepatitis A are also available. Our aim is to review the knowledge of these vaccines for persons aged 50 and older and explore the arguments for expanding current vaccination programmes beyond just influenza. METHODS The evaluation model of Kimman et al. was used to assess herpes zoster, pneumococcal disease, pertussis and hepatitis A in terms of four domains: pathogen, vaccine, disease outcomes and cost-effectiveness. The sources were Dutch surveillance systems, seroprevalence studies and the international literature. RESULTS Herpes zoster, pneumococcal disease and pertussis are prevalent among persons aged 50 and older. Vaccines vary in effectiveness and have mild and self-limiting side effects. Vaccination against pneumococcal disease and pertussis causes adaptation of the responsible pathogen. For pertussis and hepatitis A, the vaccine is not registered specifically for the elderly population. Vaccination against herpes zoster and pertussis could improve quality of life, while vaccination against pneumococcal disease and hepatitis A prevents mortality. However, only vaccination against herpes zoster and pneumococcal disease appear to be cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination can improve the health of the elderly population. As our review shows, however, the data are too incomplete to accurately judge its potential impact. More research is needed to determine how vaccination can most effectively improve the health of the growing population 50 years and older.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renske Eilers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Academic Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Paul FM Krabbe
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, Academic Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Ted GA van Essen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, Utrecht 3508 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Suijkerbuijk
- Center for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Alies van Lier
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Hester E de Melker
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bozzola E, Bozzola M, Calcaterra V, Barberi S, Villani A. Infectious diseases and vaccination strategies: how to protect the "unprotectable"? ISRN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:765354. [PMID: 24977097 PMCID: PMC4062883 DOI: 10.5402/2013/765354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. The circulation of infectious diseases puts small infants too young to be vaccinated at risk of morbidity and mortality, often requiring prolonged hospitalization. Material and Methods. We have reviewed the medical records of children not eligible for vaccination because of age, admitted to hospital for pertussis, measles, or varicella from February 1, 2010, till February 1, 2012. Results. Of the case records scrutinized, 21 were hospitalized for pertussis, 18 for measles, and 32 for varicella. Out of them, 42%, 66%, and 78% diagnosed with, respectively, pertussis, measles, and varicella had a complicated course of the disease. Discussion. To avoid infectious disease circulation, childhood immunization strategies should be adopted, such as vaccination of healthcare givers, adult household contacts, and parents planning to have, or who have had, a newborn baby.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bozzola
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Bozzola
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Barberi
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20121 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Villani
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric and Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Campins M, Moreno-Pérez D, Gil-de Miguel A, González-Romo F, Moraga-Llop FA, Arístegui-Fernández J, Goncé-Mellgren A, Bayas JM, Salleras-Sanmartí L. Tos ferina en España. Situación epidemiológica y estrategias de prevención y control. Recomendaciones del Grupo de Trabajo de Tos ferina. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2013; 31:240-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|