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Johnson AN. Myotube Guidance: Shaping up the Musculoskeletal System. J Dev Biol 2024; 12:25. [PMID: 39311120 PMCID: PMC11417883 DOI: 10.3390/jdb12030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Myofibers are highly specialized contractile cells of skeletal muscles, and dysregulation of myofiber morphogenesis is emerging as a contributing cause of myopathies and structural birth defects. Myotubes are the myofiber precursors and undergo a dramatic morphological transition into long bipolar myofibers that are attached to tendons on two ends. Similar to axon growth cones, myotube leading edges navigate toward target cells and form cell-cell connections. The process of myotube guidance connects myotubes with the correct tendons, orients myofiber morphology with the overall body plan, and generates a functional musculoskeletal system. Navigational signaling, addition of mass and volume, and identification of target cells are common events in myotube guidance and axon guidance, but surprisingly, the mechanisms regulating these events are not completely overlapping in myotubes and axons. This review summarizes the strategies that have evolved to direct myotube leading edges to predetermined tendon cells and highlights key differences between myotube guidance and axon guidance. The association of myotube guidance pathways with developmental disorders is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron N Johnson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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2
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Titova A, Nikolaev S, Bilyalov A, Filatov N, Brovkin S, Shestakov D, Khatkov I, Pismennaya E, Bondarev V, Antyuxina M, Shagimardanova E, Bodunova N, Gusev O. Extreme Tolerance of Extraocular Muscles to Diseases and Aging: Why and How? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4985. [PMID: 38732204 PMCID: PMC11084950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The extraocular muscles (EOMs) possess unique characteristics that set them apart from other skeletal muscles. These muscles, responsible for eye movements, exhibit remarkable resistance to various muscular dystrophies and aging, presenting a significant contrast to the vulnerability of skeletal muscles to these conditions. In this review, we delve into the cellular and molecular underpinnings of the distinct properties of EOMs. We explore their structural complexity, highlighting differences in fiber types, innervation patterns, and developmental origins. Notably, EOM fibers express a diverse array of myosin heavy-chain isoforms, retaining embryonic forms into adulthood. Moreover, their motor innervation is characterized by a high ratio of nerve fibers to muscle fibers and the presence of unique neuromuscular junctions. These features contribute to the specialized functions of EOMs, including rapid and precise eye movements. Understanding the mechanisms behind the resilience of EOMs to disease and aging may offer insights into potential therapeutic strategies for treating muscular dystrophies and myopathies affecting other skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Titova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergey Nikolaev
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Airat Bilyalov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita Filatov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergei Brovkin
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Igor Khatkov
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Elena Shagimardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Bodunova
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Al Kaissi A, Ryabykh S, Ochirova P, Bouchoucha S, Kenis V, Shboul M, Ganger R, Grill F, Kircher SG. Arthrogryposis is a descriptive term, not a specific disease entity: Escobar Syndrome is an example. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2024; 76:30-36. [PMID: 32536119 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.20.05796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born with multiple congenital contractures have been almost always given the diagnosis of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Arthrogryposis is a descriptive term, not a specific disease entity. A heterogeneous group of conditions associated with multiple congenital joint contractures (mostly syndromic) should be considered. METHODS The records of seven children (four boys and three girls aged 6 months - 11 years) of different ethnic origins have been included in this study. The constellation of specific craniofacial dysmorphic features, spine malformation complex, and appendicular skeletal abnormalities in addition to camptodactyly, talipes equinovarus and rocker-bottom feet were a cluster of malformation complex encountered in our patients. Via comprehensive clinical and imaging study (3D reconstruction CT scan), definite diagnosis of Escobar Syndrome has been approached. RESULTS The clinical and imaging phenotype was the key factor towards etiological understanding, treatment and genotype confirmation. We identified compound heterozygous mutations (c.459dupA [p.Val154Serfs*24] and c.794T>G [p.Leu265Serfs*24] of the CHRNG gene in four patients. Bilateral flexion contractures of the knees have been treated by using Iliazarov external fixator. Simultaneous corrections of scoliosis have been achieved by applying either dual traditional growing rods or single growing rods. CONCLUSIONS The clinical and radiological phenotypic characterizations are the fundamental tool in differentiating Escobar from other forms of multiple contractures. The aim of this study are three folds, firstly to demonstrate the importance of detecting the etiological understanding in children presented with multiple contractures, secondly to refute the general conception among the vast majority of pediatricians and orthopedic surgeons that arthrogryposis multiplex is a diagnostic entity. And thirdly, we were able to detect severe spine deformity via 3D reconstruction CT scan, namely unsegmented posterior spinal bar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al Kaissi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology, the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK, Vienna, Austria -
- AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria -
| | - Sergey Ryabykh
- Department of Paediatrics, Orthopedic Hospital of Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Polina Ochirova
- Department of Paediatrics, Orthopedic Hospital of Speising, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sami Bouchoucha
- Division Spine Pathology and Rare Diseases, Russian Scientific Ilizarov Center (RISC), Kurgan, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kenis
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Children Hospital (Becher Hamza), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohammad Shboul
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Neuro-orthopedics and Systemic Disorders, H. Turner Pediatric Orthopedic Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rudolf Ganger
- AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Grill
- AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, First Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne G Kircher
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Wang C, Lei B, Liu Y. An Analysis of a Transposable Element Expression Atlas during 27 Developmental Stages in Porcine Skeletal Muscle: Unveiling Molecular Insights into Pork Production Traits. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3581. [PMID: 38003198 PMCID: PMC10668843 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and growth of porcine skeletal muscle determine pork quality and yield. While genetic regulation of porcine skeletal muscle development has been extensively studied using various omics data, the role of transposable elements (TEs) in this context has been less explored. To bridge this gap, we constructed a comprehensive atlas of TE expression throughout the developmental stages of porcine skeletal muscle. This was achieved by integrating porcine TE genomic coordinates with whole-transcriptome RNA-Seq data from 27 developmental stages. We discovered that in pig skeletal muscle, active Tes are closely associated with active epigenomic marks, including low levels of DNA methylation, high levels of chromatin accessibility, and active histone modifications. Moreover, these TEs include 6074 self-expressed TEs that are significantly enriched in terms of muscle cell development and myofibril assembly. Using the TE expression data, we conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and identified a module that is significantly associated with muscle tissue development as well as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the signals of pig meat and carcass traits. Within this module, we constructed a TE-mediated gene regulatory network by adopting a unique multi-omics integration approach. This network highlighted several established candidate genes associated with muscle-relevant traits, including HES6, CHRNG, ACTC1, CHRND, MAMSTR, and PER2, as well as novel genes like ENSSSCG00000005518, ENSSSCG00000033601, and PIEZO2. These novel genes hold promise for regulating muscle-related traits in pigs. In summary, our research not only enhances the TE-centered dissection of the genetic basis underlying pork production traits, but also offers a general approach for constructing TE-mediated regulatory networks to study complex traits or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.W.); (B.L.)
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Bowen Lei
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.W.); (B.L.)
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Yuwen Liu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (C.W.); (B.L.)
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Innovation Group of Pig Genome Design and Breeding, Research Centre for Animal Genome, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan 528226, China
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Pasha U, Hanif K, Nisar H, Abid R, Mirza MU, Wajid B, Sadaf S. A novel missense compound heterozygous variant in TLR1 gene is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis - structural perspective and functional annotations. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:3097-3111. [PMID: 37479888 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Besides human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DRB1) locus, more than 100 loci across the genome have been identified and linked with the onset, expression and/or progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there are still grey areas in our understanding of the key genetic contributors of the disease, particularly in familial cases. METHODS In the present study, we have performed the whole exome sequencing (WES) of RA patients from two consanguineous families of Pakistan in a quest to identify novel, high-impact, RA-susceptibility genetic variants. RESULTS Through stepwise filtering, around 17,000 variants (common in the affected members) were recognized, out of which 2651 were predicted to be deleterious. Of these, 196 had direct relevance to RA. When selected for homozygous recessive mode of inheritance, two novel pathogenic variants (c.1324T>C, p.Cys442→Arg442; c.2036T>C, p.Ile679→Thr679) in the TLR1 gene displayed the role of compound heterozygosity in modulating the phenotypic expression and penetrance of RA. The structural and functional consequences of the TLR1 missense single nucleotide mutations (Cys442→Arg442; Ile679→Thr679) were evaluated through molecular dynamic simulation (MDS) studies. Analysis showed domain's rigidification, conferring stability to mutant TLR1-TIR/TIRAP-TIR complex with concomitant increase in molecular interactions with pro-inflammatory cytokines, compared to the wild-type conformation. Gene co-expression network analysis highlighted interlinked partnering genes along with interleukin-6 production of TLR1 (corrected p-value 2.98e-4) and acetylcholine receptor activity of CHRNG (corrected p-value 6.12e-2) as highly enriched associated functions. CONCLUSION The results, validated through case-control study subjects, suggested that the variants identified through WES and confirmed through Sanger sequencing and MDS are the novel disease variants and are likely to confer RA-susceptibility, independently and/or in a family-specific context. Key Points • Exploration of population based/ethno-specific big data is imperative to identify novel causal variants of RA. • Two new deleterious missense mutations in mutational hotspot exon 4 of TLR1 gene have been identified in Pakistani RA patients. • MD simulation data provides evidence for domain's rigidification, conferring stability to mutant TLR1-TIR/TIRAP-TIR complex, with concomitant increase in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus adding to the onset/erosive outcome of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Pasha
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Hanif
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Nisar
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Abid
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bilal Wajid
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Sadaf
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
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Shen X, Nakata T, Mizuno S, Imoto I, Selcen D, Ohno K, Engel AG. Impaired gating of γ- and ε-AChR respectively causes Escobar syndrome and fast-channel myasthenia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:732-743. [PMID: 36891870 PMCID: PMC10187723 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To dissect the kinetic defects of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) γ subunit variant in an incomplete form of the Escobar syndrome without pterygium and compare it with those of a variant of corresponding residue in the AChR ε subunit in a congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS). METHODS Whole exome sequencing, α-bungarotoxin binding assay, single channel patch-clamp recordings, and maximum likelihood analysis of channel kinetics. RESULTS We identified compound heterozygous variants in AChR γ and ε subunits in three Escobar syndrome (1-3) and three CMS patients (4-6), respectively. Each Escobar syndrome patient carries γP121R along with γV221Afs*44 in patients 1 and 2, and γY63* in patient 3. Three CMS patients share εP121T along with εR20W, εG-8R, and εY15H in patients 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Surface expressions of γP121R- and εP121T-AChR were 80% and 138% of the corresponding wild-type AChR, whereas εR20W, εG-8R, and εY15H reduced receptor expression to 27%, 35%, and 30% of wild-type εAChR, respectively. γV221Afs*44 and γY63* are null variants. Thus, γP121R and εP121T determine the phenotype. γP121R and εP121T shorten channel opening burst duration to 28% and 18% of corresponding wild-type AChR by reducing the channel gating equilibrium constant 44- and 63-fold, respectively. INTERPRETATION Similar impairment of channel gating efficiency of a corresponding P121 residue in the acetylcholine-binding site of the AChR γ and ε subunits causes Escobar syndrome without pterygium and fast-channel CMS, respectively, suggesting that therapy for the fast-channel CMS will benefit Escobar syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Ming Shen
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Research LaboratoryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Tomohiko Nakata
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and CancerNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
- Department of PediatricsNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- Department of PediatricsCentral Hospital, Aichi Human Service CenterKasugaiJapan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Aichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
| | - Duygu Selcen
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Research LaboratoryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and CancerNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Andrew G. Engel
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Research LaboratoryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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Ohno K, Ohkawara B, Shen XM, Selcen D, Engel AG. Clinical and Pathologic Features of Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes Caused by 35 Genes-A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043730. [PMID: 36835142 PMCID: PMC9961056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by impaired neuromuscular signal transmission due to germline pathogenic variants in genes expressed at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). A total of 35 genes have been reported in CMS (AGRN, ALG14, ALG2, CHAT, CHD8, CHRNA1, CHRNB1, CHRND, CHRNE, CHRNG, COL13A1, COLQ, DOK7, DPAGT1, GFPT1, GMPPB, LAMA5, LAMB2, LRP4, MUSK, MYO9A, PLEC, PREPL, PURA, RAPSN, RPH3A, SCN4A, SLC18A3, SLC25A1, SLC5A7, SNAP25, SYT2, TOR1AIP1, UNC13A, VAMP1). The 35 genes can be classified into 14 groups according to the pathomechanical, clinical, and therapeutic features of CMS patients. Measurement of compound muscle action potentials elicited by repetitive nerve stimulation is required to diagnose CMS. Clinical and electrophysiological features are not sufficient to identify a defective molecule, and genetic studies are always required for accurate diagnosis. From a pharmacological point of view, cholinesterase inhibitors are effective in most groups of CMS, but are contraindicated in some groups of CMS. Similarly, ephedrine, salbutamol (albuterol), amifampridine are effective in most but not all groups of CMS. This review extensively covers pathomechanical and clinical features of CMS by citing 442 relevant articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.O.); (A.G.E.)
| | - Bisei Ohkawara
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Xin-Ming Shen
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Duygu Selcen
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andrew G. Engel
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: (K.O.); (A.G.E.)
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8
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Chen C, Han J, Xue J, Li R, Chen G, Yang X, Tang J, Li F, Li D. Case Report: Early diagnosis of lethal multiple pterygium syndrome with micrognathia: Two novel mutations in the CHRND gene. Front Genet 2023; 14:1005624. [PMID: 36733345 PMCID: PMC9886669 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1005624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome (LMPS) is a rare disease with genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity and is inherited in an autosomal recessive (AR) pattern. Here, we have presented clinically significant results describing two novel mutations of CHRND gene: NM_000751.2: c.1006C>T p.(Arg336Ter) and NM_000751.2:c.973_975delGTG p.(Val325del), and measurement of the facial angle for determining micrognathia by prenatal diagnosis in the first trimester of pregnancy for a Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome case. In conclusion, this report complements the spectrum of genetic variants and phenotype of Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome and provides reliable recommendation for the counseling of future pregnancies in families with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyuan Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Han
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Xue
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guilan Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Tang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fucheng Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongzhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Hardcastle A, Berry AM, Campbell IM, Zhao X, Liu P, Gerard AE, Rosenfeld JA, Sisoudiya SD, Hernandez-Garcia A, Loddo S, Di Tommaso S, Novelli A, Dentici ML, Capolino R, Digilio MC, Graziani L, Rustad CF, Neas K, Ferrero GB, Brusco A, Di Gregorio E, Wellesley D, Beneteau C, Joubert M, Van Den Bogaert K, Boogaerts A, McMullan DJ, Dean J, Giuffrida MG, Bernardini L, Varghese V, Shannon NL, Harrison RE, Lam WWK, McKee S, Turnpenny PD, Cole T, Morton J, Eason J, Jones MC, Hall R, Wright M, Horridge K, Shaw CA, Chung WK, Scott DA. Identifying phenotypic expansions for congenital diaphragmatic hernia plus (CDH+) using DECIPHER data. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2958-2968. [PMID: 35904974 PMCID: PMC9474674 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can occur in isolation or in conjunction with other birth defects (CDH+). A molecular etiology can only be identified in a subset of CDH cases. This is due, in part, to an incomplete understanding of the genes that contribute to diaphragm development. Here, we used clinical and molecular data from 36 individuals with CDH+ who are cataloged in the DECIPHER database to identify genes that may play a role in diaphragm development and to discover new phenotypic expansions. Among this group, we identified individuals who carried putatively deleterious sequence or copy number variants affecting CREBBP, SMARCA4, UBA2, and USP9X. The role of these genes in diaphragm development was supported by their expression in the developing mouse diaphragm, their similarity to known CDH genes using data from a previously published and validated machine learning algorithm, and/or the presence of CDH in other individuals with their associated genetic disorders. Our results demonstrate how data from DECIPHER, and other public databases, can be used to identify new phenotypic expansions and suggest that CREBBP, SMARCA4, UBA2, and USP9X play a role in diaphragm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hardcastle
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Aliska M. Berry
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ian M. Campbell
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amanda E. Gerard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Saumya D. Sisoudiya
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sara Loddo
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Tommaso
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria L. Dentici
- Medical Genetics Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Capolino
- Medical Genetics Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria C. Digilio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Graziani
- Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilie F. Rustad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Giovanni B. Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Diana Wellesley
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK
| | - Claire Beneteau
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, UF 9321 de Fœtopathologie et Génétique, Nantes, France
| | - Madeleine Joubert
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, UF 9321 de Fœtopathologie et Génétique, Nantes, France
| | - Kris Van Den Bogaert
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven–KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anneleen Boogaerts
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven–KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominic J. McMullan
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - John Dean
- Clinical Genetics Service, Ashgrove House, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Maria G. Giuffrida
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Laura Bernardini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | | | - Nora L Shannon
- Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rachel E. Harrison
- Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Wayne W. K. Lam
- South East of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Shane McKee
- Northern Ireland Regional Genetics Service, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Peter D. Turnpenny
- Clinical Genetics Department, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Trevor Cole
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jenny Morton
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jacqueline Eason
- Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marilyn C. Jones
- University of California, San Diego and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Hall
- The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Wright
- The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karen Horridge
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK
| | - Chad A. Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daryl A. Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Najjar D, Chikhaoui A, Zarrouk S, Azouz S, Kamoun W, Nassib N, Bouchoucha S, Yacoub-Youssef H. Combining Gene Mutation with Expression of Candidate Genes to Improve Diagnosis of Escobar Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101748. [PMID: 36292632 PMCID: PMC9601381 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Escobar syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder that affects the musculoskeletal system and the skin. Mutations in the CHRNG and TPM2 genes are associated with this pathology. In this study, we conducted a clinical and genetic investigation of five patients and also explored via in silico and gene expression analysis their phenotypic variability. In detail, we identified a patient with a novel composite heterozygous variant of the CHRNG gene and two recurrent mutations in both CHRNG and TPM2 in the rest of the patients. As for the clinical particularities, we reported a list of modifier genes in a patient suffering from myopathy. Moreover, we identified decreased expression of IGF-1, which could be related to the short stature of Escobar patients, and increased expression of POLG1 specific to patients with TPM2 mutation. Through this study, we identified the genetic spectrum of Escobar syndrome in the Tunisian population, which will allow setting up genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for families at risk. In addition, we highlighted relevant biomarkers that could differentiate between patients with different genetic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Najjar
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Asma Chikhaoui
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Sinda Zarrouk
- Genomics Platform, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Saifeddine Azouz
- Genomics Platform, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Kamoun
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Nassib
- Service Orthopédie Pédiatrique, Hôpital d’Enfant Béchir Hamza, Tunis 1000, Tunisia
| | - Sami Bouchoucha
- Service Orthopédie Pédiatrique, Hôpital d’Enfant Béchir Hamza, Tunis 1000, Tunisia
| | - Houda Yacoub-Youssef
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics (LR16IPT05), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Karad S, Ahmad I, Tripathi S, Ali SS. Escobar Syndrome with Monodactyly: A Rare Case Report. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2022; 27:641-643. [PMID: 36530816 PMCID: PMC9757792 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_241_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Escobar syndrome (nonlethal type of multiple pterygium syndrome) is a very rare genetic disorder. The central manifestations of Escobar syndrome are the presence of multiple pterygia, fixed joint contractures, and characteristic facies. Here, we report a case of Escobar syndrome with additional features such as monodactyly and hypoplastic pectoralis muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Karad
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, J.N.M.C.H., A.M.U., Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, J.N.M.C.H., A.M.U., Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhanshu Tripathi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, J.N.M.C.H., A.M.U., Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sheikh Sarfraz Ali
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, J.N.M.C.H., A.M.U., Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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McAdow J, Yang S, Ou T, Huang G, Dobbs MB, Gurnett CA, Greenberg MJ, Johnson AN. A pathogenic mechanism associated with myopathies and structural birth defects involves TPM2-directed myogenesis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152466. [PMID: 35579956 PMCID: PMC9309062 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy (NM) is the most common congenital myopathy, characterized by extreme weakness of the respiratory, limb, and facial muscles. Pathogenic variants in Tropomyosin 2 (TPM2), which encodes a skeletal muscle-specific actin binding protein essential for sarcomere function, cause a spectrum of musculoskeletal disorders that include NM as well as cap myopathy, congenital fiber type disproportion, and distal arthrogryposis (DA). The in vivo pathomechanisms underlying TPM2-related disorders are unknown, so we expressed a series of dominant, pathogenic TPM2 variants in Drosophila embryos and found 4 variants significantly affected muscle development and muscle function. Transient overexpression of the 4 variants also disrupted the morphogenesis of mouse myotubes in vitro and negatively affected zebrafish muscle development in vivo. We used transient overexpression assays in zebrafish to characterize 2 potentially novel TPM2 variants and 1 recurring variant that we identified in patients with DA (V129A, E139K, A155T, respectively) and found these variants caused musculoskeletal defects similar to those of known pathogenic variants. The consistency of musculoskeletal phenotypes in our assays correlated with the severity of clinical phenotypes observed in our patients with DA, suggesting disrupted myogenesis is a potentially novel pathomechanism of TPM2 disorders and that our myogenic assays can predict the clinical severity of TPM2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McAdow
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tiffany Ou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gary Huang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew B Dobbs
- Paley Orthopedic and Spine Institute, West Palm Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Christina A Gurnett
- Department of Neurology.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery.,Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Michael J Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Aaron N Johnson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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13
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Scott DA, Gofin Y, Berry AM, Adams AD. Underlying genetic etiologies of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Prenat Diagn 2022; 42:373-386. [PMID: 35037267 PMCID: PMC8924940 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is often detectable prenatally. Advances in genetic testing have made it possible to obtain a molecular diagnosis in many fetuses with CDH. Here, we review the aneuploidies, copy number variants (CNVs), and single genes that have been clearly associated with CDH. We suggest that array-based CNV analysis, with or without a chromosome analysis, is the optimal test for identifying chromosomal abnormalities and CNVs in fetuses with CDH. To identify causative sequence variants, whole exome sequencing (WES) is the most comprehensive strategy currently available. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) with CNV analysis has the potential to become the most efficient and effective means of identifying an underlying diagnosis but is not yet routinely available for prenatal diagnosis. We describe how to overcome and address the diagnostic and clinical uncertainty that may remain after genetic testing, and review how a molecular diagnosis may impact recurrence risk estimations, mortality rates, and the availability and outcomes of fetal therapy. We conclude that after the prenatal detection of CDH, patients should be counseled about the possible genetic causes of the CDH, and the genetic testing modalities available to them, in accordance with generally accepted guidelines for pretest counseling in the prenatal setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl A. Scott
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030,
USA,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,Correspondence: Daryl A. Scott, R813, One Baylor
Plaza. BCM225, Houston, TX 77030, USA, Phone: +1 713-203-7242,
| | - Yoel Gofin
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030,
USA,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aliska M. Berry
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - April D. Adams
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of
Maternal Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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14
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Dahan-Oliel N, Dieterich K, Rauch F, Bardai G, Blondell TN, Gustafson AG, Hamdy R, Latypova X, Shazand K, Giampietro PF, van Bosse H. The Clinical and Genotypic Spectrum of Scoliosis in Multiple Pterygium Syndrome: A Case Series on 12 Children. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081220. [PMID: 34440395 PMCID: PMC8391526 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multiple pterygium syndrome (MPS) is a genetically heterogeneous rare form of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita characterized by joint contractures and webbing or pterygia, as well as distinctive facial features related to diminished fetal movement. It is divided into prenatally lethal (LMPS, MIM253290) and nonlethal (Escobar variant MPS, MIM 265000) types. Developmental spine deformities are common, may present early and progress rapidly, requiring regular fo llow-up and orthopedic management. Methods: Retrospective chart review and prospective data collection were conducted at three hospital centers. Molecular diagnosis was confirmed with whole exome or whole genome sequencing. Results: This case series describes the clinical features and scoliosis treatment on 12 patients from 11 unrelated families. A molecular diagnosis was confirmed in seven; two with MYH3 variants and five with CHRNG. Scoliosis was present in all but our youngest patient. The remaining 11 patients spanned the spectrum between mild (curve ≤ 25°) and malignant scoliosis (≥50° curve before 4 years of age); the two patients with MYH3 mutations presented with malignant scoliosis. Bracing and serial spine casting appear to be beneficial for a few years; non-fusion spinal instrumentation may be needed to modulate more severe curves during growth and spontaneous spine fusions may occur in those cases. Conclusions: Molecular diagnosis and careful monitoring of the spine is needed in children with MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Dahan-Oliel
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada; (F.R.); (G.B.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Correspondence: (N.D.-O.); (H.v.B.)
| | - Klaus Dieterich
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Génétique médicale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (K.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Frank Rauch
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada; (F.R.); (G.B.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Ghalib Bardai
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada; (F.R.); (G.B.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | | | | | - Reggie Hamdy
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada; (F.R.); (G.B.); (R.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Xenia Latypova
- Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Génétique médicale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; (K.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Kamran Shazand
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Headquarters, Tampa, FL 33607, USA; (A.G.G.); (K.S.)
| | | | - Harold van Bosse
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.D.-O.); (H.v.B.)
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15
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Latypova X, Creadore SG, Dahan-Oliel N, Gustafson AG, Wei-Hung Hwang S, Bedard T, Shazand K, van Bosse HJP, Giampietro PF, Dieterich K. A Genomic Approach to Delineating the Occurrence of Scoliosis in Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071052. [PMID: 34356068 PMCID: PMC8305424 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) describes a group of conditions characterized by the presence of non-progressive congenital contractures in multiple body areas. Scoliosis, defined as a coronal plane spine curvature of ≥10 degrees as measured radiographically, has been reported to occur in approximately 20% of children with AMC. To identify genes that are associated with both scoliosis as a clinical outcome and AMC, we first queried the DECIPHER database for copy number variations (CNVs). Upon query, we identified only two patients with both AMC and scoliosis (AMC-SC). The first patient contained CNVs in three genes (FBN2, MGF10, and PITX1), while the second case had a CNV in ZC4H2. Looking into small variants, using a combination of Human Phenotype Ontogeny and literature searching, 908 genes linked with scoliosis and 444 genes linked with AMC were identified. From these lists, 227 genes were associated with AMC-SC. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was performed on the final gene list to gain insight into the functional interactions of genes and various categories. To summarize, this group of genes encompasses a diverse group of cellular functions including transcription regulation, transmembrane receptor, growth factor, and ion channels. These results provide a focal point for further research using genomics and animal models to facilitate the identification of prognostic factors and therapeutic targets for AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Latypova
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | | | - Noémi Dahan-Oliel
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada;
- School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | | | - Steven Wei-Hung Hwang
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (S.W.-H.H.); (H.J.P.v.B.)
| | - Tanya Bedard
- Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada;
| | - Kamran Shazand
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Headquarters, Tampa, FL 33607, USA; (S.G.C.); (A.G.G.); (K.S.)
| | | | - Philip F. Giampietro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Correspondence: (P.F.G.); (K.D.)
| | - Klaus Dieterich
- Institut of Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1209, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: (P.F.G.); (K.D.)
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16
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Whittle J, Johnson A, Dobbs MB, Gurnett CA. Models of Distal Arthrogryposis and Lethal Congenital Contracture Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060943. [PMID: 34203046 PMCID: PMC8234565 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal arthrogryposis and lethal congenital contracture syndromes describe a broad group of disorders that share congenital limb contractures in common. While skeletal muscle sarcomeric genes comprise many of the first genes identified for Distal Arthrogyposis, other mechanisms of disease have been demonstrated, including key effects on peripheral nerve function. While Distal Arthrogryposis and Lethal Congenital Contracture Syndromes display superficial similarities in phenotype, the underlying mechanisms for these conditions are diverse but overlapping. In this review, we discuss the important insights gained into these human genetic diseases resulting from in vitro molecular studies and in vivo models in fruit fly, zebrafish, and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Whittle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | - Aaron Johnson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | - Matthew B. Dobbs
- Paley Orthopaedic and Spine Institute, West Palm Beach, FL 33407, USA;
| | - Christina A. Gurnett
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Homozygous intronic variants in TPM2 cause recessively inherited Escobar variant of multiple pterygium syndrome and congenital myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:359-366. [PMID: 33558124 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in TPM2 have been associated with a variable clinical spectrum, including congenital myopathies and distal arthrogryposis, all but one with dominant inheritance. We report the second case of recessively inherited TPM2-related Escobar variant of multiple pterygium syndrome and congenital myopathy in a patient from a consanguineous family. Ultra-structural examination of the biopsy revealed few cores/mini-cores and sparse nemaline rods. We found a novel homozygous intronic sequence variant, c.564-2A>C in TPM2. This variant is predicted to abolish the consensus acceptor splice site for exon 6b of TPM2 gene. Parents of the proband, both healthy adults with no clinical features, were heterozygous for the variant. Here we establish a homozygous intronic variant in TPM2 as the likely cause of Escobar variant of multiple pterygium syndrome and congenital myopathy, with sparse nemaline rods.
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18
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Reynolds K, Zhang S, Sun B, Garland M, Ji Y, Zhou CJ. Genetics and signaling mechanisms of orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1588-1634. [PMID: 32666711 PMCID: PMC7883771 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial development involves several complex tissue movements including several fusion processes to form the frontonasal and maxillary structures, including the upper lip and palate. Each of these movements are controlled by many different factors that are tightly regulated by several integral morphogenetic signaling pathways. Subject to both genetic and environmental influences, interruption at nearly any stage can disrupt lip, nasal, or palate fusion and result in a cleft. Here, we discuss many of the genetic risk factors that may contribute to the presentation of orofacial clefts in patients, and several of the key signaling pathways and underlying cellular mechanisms that control lip and palate formation, as identified primarily through investigating equivalent processes in animal models, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Michael Garland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Chengji J. Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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19
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Hakonen AH, Lehtonen J, Kivirikko S, Keski-Filppula R, Moilanen J, Kivisaari R, Almusa H, Jakkula E, Saarela J, Avela K, Aittomäki K. Recessive MYH3 variants cause "Contractures, pterygia, and variable skeletal fusions syndrome 1B" mimicking Escobar variant multiple pterygium syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:2605-2610. [PMID: 32902138 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The multiple pterygium syndromes (MPS) are rare disorders with disease severity ranging from lethal to milder forms. The nonlethal Escobar variant MPS (EVMPS) is characterized by multiple pterygia and arthrogryposis, as well as various additional features including congenital anomalies. The genetic etiology of EVMPS is heterogeneous and the diagnosis has been based either on the detection of pathogenic CHRNG variants (~23% of patients), or suggestive clinical features. We describe four patients with a clinical suspicion of EVMPS who manifested with multiple pterygia, mild flexion contractures of several joints, and vertebral anomalies. We revealed recessively inherited MYH3 variants as the underlying cause in all patients: two novel variants, c.1053C>G, p.(Tyr351Ter) and c.3102+5G>C, as compound heterozygous with the hypomorphic MYH3 variant c.-9+1G>A. Recessive MYH3 variants have been previously associated with spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome. Our findings now highlight multiple pterygia as an important feature in patients with recessive MYH3 variants. Based on all patients with recessive MYH3 variants reported up to date, we consider that this disease entity should be designated as "Contractures, pterygia, and variable skeletal fusions syndrome 1B," as recently suggested by OMIM. Our findings underline the importance of analyzing MYH3 in the differential diagnosis of EVMPS, particularly as the hypomorphic MYH3 variant might remain undetected by routine exome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Hakonen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Lehtonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirpa Kivirikko
- Department of Clinical Genetics, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Keski-Filppula
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jukka Moilanen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Reetta Kivisaari
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrikki Almusa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eveliina Jakkula
- Department of Clinical Genetics, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janna Saarela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Avela
- Department of Clinical Genetics, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Cetin H, Beeson D, Vincent A, Webster R. The Structure, Function, and Physiology of the Fetal and Adult Acetylcholine Receptor in Muscle. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:581097. [PMID: 33013323 PMCID: PMC7506097 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.581097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a highly developed synapse linking motor neuron activity with muscle contraction. A complex of molecular cascades together with the specialized NMJ architecture ensures that each action potential arriving at the motor nerve terminal is translated into an action potential in the muscle fiber. The muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is a key molecular component located at the postsynaptic muscle membrane responsible for the generation of the endplate potential (EPP), which usually exceeds the threshold potential necessary to activate voltage-gated sodium channels and triggers a muscle action potential. Two AChR isoforms are found in mammalian muscle. The fetal isoform is present in prenatal stages and is involved in the development of the neuromuscular system whereas the adult isoform prevails thereafter, except after denervation when the fetal form is re-expressed throughout the muscle. This review will summarize the structural and functional differences between the two isoforms and outline congenital and autoimmune myasthenic syndromes that involve the isoform specific AChR subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Cetin
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Beeson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Vincent
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Webster
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Goldfarb CA, Ezaki M, Wall LB, Lam WL, Oberg KC. The Oberg-Manske-Tonkin (OMT) Classification of Congenital Upper Extremities: Update for 2020. J Hand Surg Am 2020; 45:542-547. [PMID: 32093994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A new classification for congenital upper-extremity anomalies was first published in 2010. It has come to be known as the OMT classification highlighting the thought leaders behind it: Kerby Oberg, Paul Manske, and Michael Tonkin. Based on a dysmorphology framework, the OMT has been adopted by the International Federation of Society for Surgery of the Hand and surgeons who treat congenital upper-extremity anomalies. As predicted in the first publication, updates will be necessary based on an improved understanding of morphogenesis; the first update was in 2014 and this represents the second update to the original OMT classification. We carefully reviewed all aspects of the OMT classification, its current stratification, and updated literature on the developmental basis of limb anomalies. We also considered the clinical usefulness and challenges of the classification through discussions with stakeholders and those who care for patients with congenital upper-limb anomalies. These factors guided the current modifications of the OMT classification. In providing the updated classification, we provide the rationale for these changes. The updated OMT classification is by no means final. As our understanding of congenital anomalies progresses, we anticipate subsequent updates in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Goldfarb
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis Children's Hospital and Shriners Hospital for Children, St Louis, MO.
| | | | - Lindley B Wall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis Children's Hospital and Shriners Hospital for Children, St Louis, MO
| | - Wee L Lam
- Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kerby C Oberg
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
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22
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Vogt J, Al-Saedi A, Willis T, Male A, McKie A, Kiely N, Maher ER. A recurrent pathogenic variant in TPM2 reveals further phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity in multiple pterygium syndrome-related disorders. Clin Genet 2020; 97:908-914. [PMID: 32092148 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple pterygium syndrome (MPS) disorders are a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by multiple joint contractures (arthrogryposis), pterygia (joint webbing) and other developmental defects. MPS is most frequently inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion but X-linked and autosomal dominant forms also occur. Advances in genomic technologies have identified many genetic causes of MPS-related disorders and genetic diagnosis requires large targeted next generation sequencing gene panels or genome-wide sequencing approaches. Using the Illumina TruSightOne clinical exome assay, we identified a recurrent heterozygous missense substitution in TPM2 (encoding beta tropomyosin) in three unrelated individuals. This was confirmed to have arisen as a de novo event in the two patients with parental samples. TPM2 mutations have previously been described in association with a variety of dominantly inherited neuromuscular phenotypes including nemaline myopathy, congenital fibre-type disproportion, distal arthrogryposis and trismus pseudocamptodactyly, and in a patient with autosomal recessive Escobar syndrome and a nemaline myopathy. The three cases reported here had overlapping but variable features. Our findings expand the range of TMP2-related phenotypes and indicate that de novo TMP2 mutations should be considered in isolated cases of MPS-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Vogt
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Atif Al-Saedi
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tracey Willis
- Neuromuscular Service, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
| | - Alison Male
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Arthur McKie
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nigel Kiely
- Neuromuscular Service, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
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23
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Li N, Qiao C, Lv Y, Yang T, Liu H, Yu WQ, Liu CX. Compound heterozygous mutation of MUSK causing fetal akinesia deformation sequence syndrome: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:3655-3661. [PMID: 31750350 PMCID: PMC6854405 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i21.3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS) is a broad spectrum disorder with absent fetal movements as the unifying feature. The etiology of FADS is heterogeneous and mostly still unknown. A prenatal diagnosis of FADS relies on clinical features obtained by ultrasound and fetal muscle pathology. However, the recent advances of next-generation sequencing (NGS) can effectively provide a definitive molecular diagnosis.
CASE SUMMARY A fetus presented after 24 wk and 6 d of gestation with absent fetal movements and multiple abnormal ultrasonographic signs. The mother had had a previous abortion due to a similarly affected fetus a year before. A clinical diagnosis of FADS was made. The parents refused cord blood examination and chose abortion. A molecular diagnosis of fetal muscle using NGS of genes found a compound heterozygous mutation in the MUSK gene: c.220C > T (chr9: 113449410 p.R74W) and c.421delC (chr9: 113457745 p.P141fs).
CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report in China showing that a mutation in MUSK is associated with FADS. This supports previous finding that a lethal mutation of MUSK will cause FADS. A precise molecular diagnosis for genetic counseling and options for a prenatal diagnosis of FADS are very important, especially for recurrent FADS; this may also provide evidence for both prenatal and preimplantation genetic diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chong Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuan Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cai-Xia Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to characterize the spinal deformity of patients with Escobar syndrome, describe results of growth-friendly treatments, and compare these results with those of an idiopathic early-onset scoliosis (EOS) cohort to determine whether the axial stiffness in Escobar syndrome limited correction. METHODS We used 2 multicenter databases to review the records of 8 patients with EOS associated with Escobar syndrome who had at least 2-year follow-up after initiation of growth-friendly treatment from 1990 to 2016. An idiopathic EOS cohort of 16 patients matched for age at surgery (±1 y), postoperative follow-up (±1 y), and initial curve magnitude (±10 degrees) was identified. A randomized 1:2 matching algorithm was applied (α=0.05). RESULTS In the Escobar group, spinal deformity involved 7 to 13 vertebrae and ranged from no vertebral anomalies in 3 patients to multiple segmentation defects in 6 patients. Mean age at first surgery was 5 years (range, 1.4 to 7.8 y) with a mean follow-up of 7.5 years (range, 4.0 to 10 y). Mean major curve improved from 76 degrees at initial presentation, to 43 degrees at first instrumentation, to 37 degrees at final follow-up (both P<0.001). Mean pelvic obliquity improved from 16 degrees (range, 5 to 31 degrees) preoperatively to 4 degrees (range, 0 to 8 degrees) at final follow-up (P=0.005). There were no differences in the mean percentage of major curve correction between the idiopathic EOS and Escobar groups at the immediate postoperative visit (P=0.743) or final follow-up (P=0.511). There were no differences between the cohorts in T1-S1 height at initial presentation (P=0.129) or in growth per month (P=0.211). CONCLUSIONS Multiple congenital fusions and spinal curve deformity are common in Escobar syndrome. Despite large areas of congenital fusion, growth-friendly constructs facilitate spinal growth and improve curve correction. These results are comparable to those in idiopathic EOS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III-case-control study.
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25
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Abstract
Multiple pterygium syndrome of lethal type is a very rare genetic condition affecting the skin, muscles and skeleton. It is characterised by minor facial abnormalities, prenatal growth deficiency, spine defects, joint contractures, and webbing (pterygia) of the neck, elbows, back of the knees, armpits and fingers. We present a case of lethal multiple pterygium syndrome born at our hospital proven by the genetic analysis showing a double homozygous mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzeen Shuaib Mohtisham
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, National Guard Hospital Affairs, King AbdulAziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Sallam
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Division, National Guard Hospital Affairs, King AbdulAziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman Shawli
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Genetics, National Guard Hospital Affairs, King AbdulAziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Carrera-García L, Natera-de Benito D, Dieterich K, de la Banda MGG, Felter A, Inarejos E, Codina A, Jou C, Roldan M, Palau F, Hoenicka J, Pijuan J, Ortez C, Expósito-Escudero J, Durand C, Nugues F, Jimenez-Mallebrera C, Colomer J, Carlier RY, Lochmüller H, Quijano-Roy S, Nascimento A. CHRNG-related nonlethal multiple pterygium syndrome: Muscle imaging pattern and clinical, histopathological, and molecular genetic findings. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:915-926. [PMID: 30868735 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the CHRNG gene cause autosomal recessive multiple pterygium syndrome (MPS). Herein we present a long-term follow-up of seven patients with CHRNG-related nonlethal MPS and we compare them with the 57 previously published patients. The objective is defining not only the clinical, histopathological, and molecular genetic characteristics, but also the type and degree of muscle involvement on whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI). CHRNG mutations lead to a distinctive phenotype characterized by multiple congenital contractures, pterygium, and facial dysmorphism, with a stable clinical course over the years. Postnatal abnormalities at the neuromuscular junction were observed in the muscle biopsy of these patients. WBMRI showed distinctive features different from other arthrogryposis multiple congenita. A marked muscle bulk reduction is the predominant finding, mostly affecting the spinal erector muscles and gluteus maximus. Fatty infiltration was only observed in deep paravertebral muscles and distal lower limbs. Mutations in CHRNG are mainly located at the extracellular domain of the protein. Our study contributes to further define the phenotypic spectrum of CHRNG-related nonlethal MPS, including muscle imaging features, which may be useful in distinguishing it from other diffuse arthrogryposis entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carrera-García
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Natera-de Benito
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus Dieterich
- Département de Génétique et Procréation, CHU de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Marta G G de la Banda
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP; UVSQ Paris Saclay), Garches, France
| | - Adrien Felter
- Department of Medical Radiology, Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP; UVSQ Paris Saclay), Garches, France
| | - Emili Inarejos
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Codina
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Jou
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Roldan
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Pediatrics, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janet Hoenicka
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Pijuan
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortez
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica Expósito-Escudero
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chantal Durand
- Department of Radiology, CHU de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Cecilia Jimenez-Mallebrera
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Colomer
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Y Carlier
- Department of Medical Radiology, Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP; UVSQ Paris Saclay), Garches, France
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada and Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susana Quijano-Roy
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Intensive Care and Rehabilitation, Raymond Poincaré University Hospital (AP-HP; UVSQ Paris Saclay), Garches, France
| | - Andres Nascimento
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Pingel J, Andersen JD, Christiansen SL, Børsting C, Morling N, Lorentzen J, Kirk H, Doessing S, Wong C, Nielsen JB. Sequence variants in muscle tissue-related genes may determine the severity of muscle contractures in cerebral palsy. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2019; 180:12-24. [PMID: 30467950 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contractures are a common complication to cerebral palsy (CP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether individuals with CP carry specific gene variants of important structural genes that might explain the severity of muscle contractures. Next-generation-sequencing (NGS) of 96 candidate genes associated with muscle structure and metabolism were analyzed in 43 individuals with CP (Gross Motor Function classification system [GMFCS] I, n=10; GMFCS II, n=14; GMFCS III, n=19) and four control participants. In silico analysis of the identified variants was performed. The variants were classified into four categories ranging from likely benign (VUS0) to highly likely functional effect (VUS3). All individuals with CP were classified and grouped according to their GMFCS level: Statistical comparisons were made between GMFCS groups. Kruskal-Wallis tests showed significantly more VUS2 variants in the genes COL4 (GMFCS I-III; 1, 1, 5, respectively [p < .04]), COL5 (GMFCS I-III; 1, 1, 5 [p < .04]), COL6 (GMFCS I-III; 0, 4, 7 [p < .003]), and COL9 (GMFCS I-III; 1, 1, 5 [p < .04]), in individuals with CP within GMFCS Level III when compared to the other GMFCS levels. Furthermore, significantly more VUS3 variants in COL6 (GMFCS I-III; 0, 5, 2 [p < .01]) and COL7 (GMFCS I-III; 0, 3, 0 [p < .04]) were identified in the GMFCS II level when compared to the other GMFCS levels. The present results highlight several candidate gene variants in different collagen types with likely functional effects in individuals with CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pingel
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Dyrberg Andersen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section of Forensic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie Lindgren Christiansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section of Forensic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Børsting
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section of Forensic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Morling
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Section of Forensic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Lorentzen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Helene Elsass Center, Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Henrik Kirk
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Helene Elsass Center, Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Simon Doessing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Christian Wong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jens Bo Nielsen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Helene Elsass Center, Charlottenlund, Denmark
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28
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Sher G, Naeem M. Molecular Diagnosis of Rare Autosomal Recessive Escobar Syndrome in a Consanguineous Pakistani Family. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:714-718. [PMID: 30461311 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Escobar syndrome, a nonlethal variant of multiple pterygium syndromes (MPS), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by pterygia and multiple joint contractures along with other anomalies. Variants in cholinergic receptor nicotinic gamma subunit (CHRNG) have been previously reported in patients with Escobar syndrome. Objective: We studied a consanguineous Pakistani family affected with Escobar syndrome to identify the underlying genetic defect through short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping and direct DNA sequencing. Results: Genotyping with microsatellite markers (D2S427, D2S2344, and D2S206) revealed linkage of the disease phenotype in the family to the CHRNG locus. Using Sanger sequencing, we identified a homozygous nonsense CHRNG variant c.136C>T (p.R46*), predicted to produce a truncated protein that leads to acetylcholine receptor deficiency, causing MPS. The unaffected parents and siblings in the family were heterozygous carriers of this disease-causing variant. Conclusion: We report the identification of a nonsense CHRNG variant in a consanguineous Pakistani family affected with Escobar syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulab Sher
- Medical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Medical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Adam S, Coetzee M, Honey EM. Pena-Shokeir syndrome: current management strategies and palliative care. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2018; 11:111-120. [PMID: 30498368 PMCID: PMC6207248 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s154643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pena-Shokeir syndrome (PSS) type 1, also known as fetal akinesia deformation sequence, is a rare genetic syndrome that almost always results in intrauterine or early neonatal death. It is characterized by markedly decreased fetal movements, intrauterine growth restriction, joint contractures, short umbilical cord, and features of pulmonary hypoplasia. Antenatal diagnosis can be difficult. Ultrasound features are varied and may overlap with those of Trisomy 18. The poor prognosis of PSS is due to pulmonary hypoplasia, which is an important feature that distinguishes PSS from arthrogryposis multiplex congenital without pulmonary hypoplasia, which has a better prognosis. If diagnosed in the antenatal period, a late termination of pregnancy can be considered following ethical discussion (if the law allows). In most cases, a diagnosis is only made in the neonatal period. Parents of a baby affected with PSS require detailed counseling that includes information on the imprecise recurrence risks and a plan for subsequent pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,
| | - Melantha Coetzee
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Engela Magdalena Honey
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Harris S, Gilmore K, Hardisty E, Lyerly AD, Vora NL. Ethical and counseling challenges in prenatal exome sequencing. Prenat Diagn 2018; 38:897-903. [PMID: 30171820 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ethical and counseling challenges are expected with the introduction of prenatal whole exome sequencing. In this study, we describe specific challenges identified through the UNC-Chapel Hill Prenatal Exome Sequencing Study. METHODS Participants were a subset of women participating in the fetal exome study, which has enrolled 73 mother-father-fetus trios in pregnancies diagnosed with structural anomalies and normal standard genetic testing results. In this descriptive study, cases were reviewed by members of the research team, including a bioethicist, to identify counseling challenges. Illustrative cases were chosen by group consensus. RESULTS Four illustrative cases were identified for further analysis. Challenges included need for adequate counseling and informed consent, challenges in prenatal variant interpretation, performing prenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancies, inability to identify a genetic etiology, and identifying parental secondary findings. CONCLUSION Our study illustrates several challenges identified in an ongoing prenatal exome study. While genomic medicine is a powerful tool for prenatal diagnosis, it is important that clinicians understand the ethical implications and parental perceptions of this testing modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Harris
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kelly Gilmore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Emily Hardisty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anne Drapkin Lyerly
- Department of Social Medicine and Center for Bioethics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Neeta L Vora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Summarize features of the currently recognized congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) with emphasis on novel findings identified in the past 6 years. RECENT FINDINGS Since the last review of the CMS in this journal in 2012, several novel CMS were identified. The identified disease proteins are SNAP25B, synaptotagmin 2, Munc13-1, synaptobrevin-1, GFPT1, DPAGT1, ALG2, ALG14, Agrin, GMPPB, LRP4, myosin 9A, collagen 13A1, the mitochondrial citrate carrier, PREPL, LAMA5, the vesicular ACh transporter, and the high-affinity presynaptic choline transporter. Exome sequencing has provided a powerful tool for identifying novel CMS. Identifying the disease genes is essential for determining optimal therapy. The landscape of the CMS is still unfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Engel
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Engel AG. Genetic basis and phenotypic features of congenital myasthenic syndromes. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 148:565-589. [PMID: 29478601 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64076-5.00037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
The congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are heterogeneous disorders in which the safety margin of neuromuscular transmission is compromised by one or more specific mechanisms. The disease proteins reside in the nerve terminal, the synaptic basal lamina, or in the postsynaptic region, or at multiple sites at the neuromuscular junction as well as in other tissues. Targeted mutation analysis by Sanger or exome sequencing has been facilitated by characteristic phenotypic features of some CMS. No fewer than 20 disease genes have been recognized to date. In one-half of the currently identified probands, the disease stems from mutations in genes encoding subunits of the muscle form of the acetylcholine receptor (CHRNA1, CHRNB, CHRNAD1, and CHRNE). In 10-14% of the probands the disease is caused by mutations in RAPSN, DOK 7, or COLQ, and in 5% by mutations in CHAT. Other less frequently identified disease genes include LAMB2, AGRN, LRP4, MUSK, GFPT1, DPAGT1, ALG2, and ALG 14 as well as SCN4A, PREPL, PLEC1, DNM2, and MTM1. Identification of the genetic basis of each CMS is important not only for genetic counseling and disease prevention but also for therapy, because therapeutic agents that benefit one type of CMS can be harmful in another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Engel
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Animal toxins for channelopathy treatment. Neuropharmacology 2017; 132:83-97. [PMID: 29080794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that allow passive flow of ions inside and/or outside of cells or cell organelles. Except mutations lead to nonfunctional protein production or abolished receptor entrance on the membrane surface an altered channel may have two principal conditions that can be corrected. The channel may conduct fewer ions through (loss-of-function mutations) or too many ions (gain-of-function mutations) compared to a normal channel. Toxins from animal venoms are specialised molecules that are generally oriented toward interactions with ion channels. This is a result of long coevolution between predators and their prey. On the molecular level, toxins activate or inhibit ion channels, so they are ideal molecules for restoring conductance in mutated channels. Another aspect of this long coevolution is that a broad variety of toxins have been fine tuned to recognize the channels of different species, keeping many amino acids substitution among sequences. Many peptide ligands with high selectivity to specific receptor subtypes have been isolated from animal venoms, some of which are absolutely non-toxic to humans and mammalians. It is expected that molecules that are selective to each known receptor can be found in animal venoms, but the pool of toxins currently does not override all receptors described as being involved in channelopathies. Modern investigating methods have enhanced the search process for selective ligands. One prominent method is a site-directed mutagenesis of existing toxins to change the selectivity or/and affinity to the selected receptor, which has shown positive results. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Channelopathies.'
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Symonds JD, Zuberi SM. Genetics update: Monogenetics, polygene disorders and the quest for modifying genes. Neuropharmacology 2017; 132:3-19. [PMID: 29037745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The genetic channelopathies are a broad collection of diseases. Many ion channel genes demonstrate wide phenotypic pleiotropy, but nonetheless concerted efforts have been made to characterise genotype-phenotype relationships. In this review we give an overview of the factors that influence genotype-phenotype relationships across this group of diseases as a whole, using specific individual channelopathies as examples. We suggest reasons for the limitations observed in these relationships. We discuss the role of ion channel variation in polygenic disease and highlight research that has contributed to unravelling the complex aetiological nature of these conditions. We focus specifically on the quest for modifying genes in inherited channelopathies, using the voltage-gated sodium channels as an example. Epilepsy related to genetic channelopathy is one area in which precision medicine is showing promise. We will discuss the successes and limitations of precision medicine in these conditions. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Channelopathies.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Symonds
- The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals, Glasgow, UK; School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sameer M Zuberi
- The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals, Glasgow, UK; School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Abdalla E, Ravenscroft G, Zayed L, Beecroft SJ, Laing NG. Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome: A severe phenotype associated with a novel mutation in the nebulin gene. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:537-541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ohno K, Ohkawara B, Ito M. Recent advances in congenital myasthenic syndromes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/cen3.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics; Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Bisei Ohkawara
- Division of Neurogenetics; Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
| | - Mikako Ito
- Division of Neurogenetics; Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Nagoya Japan
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Kariminejad A, Almadani N, Khoshaeen A, Olsson B, Moslemi AR, Tajsharghi H. Truncating CHRNG mutations associated with interfamilial variability of the severity of the Escobar variant of multiple pterygium syndrome. BMC Genet 2016; 17:71. [PMID: 27245440 PMCID: PMC4886457 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In humans, muscle-specific nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is a transmembrane protein with five different subunits, coded by CHRNA1, CHRNB, CHRND and CHRNG/CHRNE. The gamma subunit of AChR encoded by CHRNG is expressed during early foetal development, whereas in the adult, the γ subunit is replaced by a ε subunit. Mutations in the CHRNG encoding the embryonal acetylcholine receptor may cause the non-lethal Escobar variant (EVMPS) and lethal form (LMPS) of multiple pterygium syndrome. The MPS is a condition characterised by prenatal growth failure with pterygium and akinesia leading to muscle weakness and severe congenital contractures, as well as scoliosis. Results Our whole exome sequencing studies have identified one novel and two previously reported homozygous mutations in CHRNG in three families affected by non-lethal EVMPS. The mutations consist of deletion of two nucleotides, cause a frameshift predicted to result in premature termination of the foetally expressed gamma subunit of the AChR. Conclusions Our data suggest that severity of the phenotype varies significantly both within and between families with MPS and that there is no apparent correlation between mutation position and clinical phenotype. Although individuals with CHRNG mutations can survive, there is an increased frequency of abortions and stillbirth in their families. Furthermore, genetic background and environmental modifiers might be of significance for decisiveness of the lethal spectrum, rather than the state of the mutation per se. Detailed clinical examination of our patients further indicates the changing phenotype from infancy to childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navid Almadani
- Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Centre, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Bjorn Olsson
- Systems Biology Research Centre, School of Bioscience, University of Skovde, SE-541 28, Skovde, Sweden
| | - Ali-Reza Moslemi
- Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Homa Tajsharghi
- Systems Biology Research Centre, School of Bioscience, University of Skovde, SE-541 28, Skovde, Sweden. .,Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Structural correlates of affinity in fetal versus adult endplate nicotinic receptors. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11352. [PMID: 27101778 PMCID: PMC4845029 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) mediate signalling at mature neuromuscular junctions and fetal-type AChRs are necessary for proper synapse development. Each AChR has two neurotransmitter binding sites located at the interface of a principal and a complementary subunit. Although all agonist binding sites have the same core of five aromatic amino acids, the fetal site has ∼30-fold higher affinity for the neurotransmitter ACh. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations of adult versus fetal homology models to identify complementary-subunit residues near the core that influence affinity, and use single-channel electrophysiology to corroborate the results. Four residues in combination determine adult versus fetal affinity. Simulations suggest that at lower-affinity sites, one of these unsettles the core directly and the others (in loop E) increase backbone flexibility to unlock a key, complementary tryptophan from the core. Swapping only four amino acids is necessary and sufficient to exchange function between adult and fetal AChRs. Adult and fetal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) have different functional requirements and affinity for ACh. Here, the authors use molecular dynamics and electrophysiology to investigate this affinity, and identify four amino acids that when swapped exchange function between adult and fetal AChRs.
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Kariminejad A, Ghaderi-Sohi S, Hossein-Nejad Nedai H, Varasteh V, Moslemi AR, Tajsharghi H. Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome, the extreme end of the RYR1 spectrum. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:109. [PMID: 26932181 PMCID: PMC4774121 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-0947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lethal multiple pterygium syndrome (LMPS, OMIM 253290), is a fatal disorder associated with anomalies of the skin, muscles and skeleton. It is characterised by prenatal growth failure with pterygium present in multiple areas and akinesia, leading to muscle weakness and severe arthrogryposis. Foetal hydrops with cystic hygroma develops in affected foetuses with LMPS. This study aimed to uncover the aetiology of LMPS in a family with two affected foetuses. Methods and results Whole exome sequencing studies have identified novel compound heterozygous mutations in RYR1 in two affected foetuses with pterygium, severe arthrogryposis and foetal hydrops with cystic hygroma, characteristic features compatible with LMPS. The result was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Conclusions RYR1 encodes the skeletal muscle isoform ryanodine receptor 1, an intracellular calcium channel with a central role in muscle contraction. Mutations in RYR1 have been associated with congenital myopathies, which form a continuous spectrum of pathological features including a severe variant with onset in utero with fetal akinesia and arthrogryposis. Here, the results indicate that LMPS can be considered as the extreme end of the RYR1-related neonatal myopathy spectrum. This further supports the concept that LMPS is a severe disorder associated with defects in the process known as excitation-contraction coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vahid Varasteh
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Reza Moslemi
- Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Homa Tajsharghi
- Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical and Medical Genetics, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Systems Biology Research Centre, School of Biomedicine, University of Skövde, SE-541 28, Skövde, Sweden.
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Kowalczyk B, Feluś J. Arthrogryposis: an update on clinical aspects, etiology, and treatment strategies. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:10-24. [PMID: 26925114 PMCID: PMC4754365 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.57578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrogryposes - multiple joint contractures - are a clinically and etiologically heterogeneous class of diseases, where accurate diagnosis, recognition of the underlying pathology and classification are of key importance for the prognosis as well as for selection of appropriate management. This treatment remains challenging and optimally in arthrogrypotic patients should be carried out by a team of specialists familiar with all aspects of arthrogryposis pathology and treatment modalities: rehabilitation, orthotics and surgery. In this comprehensive review article, based on literature and clinical experience, the authors present an update on current knowledge on etiology, classifications and treatment options for skeletal deformations possible in arthrogryposis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jarosław Feluś
- Department of Orthopedics, University Children's Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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41
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Bayram Y, Karaca E, Coban Akdemir Z, Yilmaz EO, Tayfun GA, Aydin H, Torun D, Bozdogan ST, Gezdirici A, Isikay S, Atik MM, Gambin T, Harel T, El-Hattab AW, Charng WL, Pehlivan D, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Karaman A, Celik T, Yuregir OO, Yildirim T, Bayhan IA, Boerwinkle E, Gibbs RA, Elcioglu N, Tuysuz B, Lupski JR. Molecular etiology of arthrogryposis in multiple families of mostly Turkish origin. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:762-78. [PMID: 26752647 DOI: 10.1172/jci84457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthrogryposis, defined as congenital joint contractures in 2 or more body areas, is a clinical sign rather than a specific disease diagnosis. To date, more than 400 different disorders have been described that present with arthrogryposis, and variants of more than 220 genes have been associated with these disorders; however, the underlying molecular etiology remains unknown in the considerable majority of these cases. METHODS We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of 52 patients with clinical presentation of arthrogryposis from 48 different families. RESULTS Affected individuals from 17 families (35.4%) had variants in known arthrogryposis-associated genes, including homozygous variants of cholinergic γ nicotinic receptor (CHRNG, 6 subjects) and endothelin converting enzyme-like 1 (ECEL1, 4 subjects). Deleterious variants in candidate arthrogryposis-causing genes (fibrillin 3 [FBN3], myosin IXA [MYO9A], and pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing 3 [PSD3]) were identified in 3 families (6.2%). Moreover, in 8 families with a homozygous mutation in an arthrogryposis-associated gene, we identified a second locus with either a homozygous or compound heterozygous variant in a candidate gene (myosin binding protein C, fast type [MYBPC2] and vacuolar protein sorting 8 [VPS8], 2 families, 4.2%) or in another disease-associated genes (6 families, 12.5%), indicating a potential mutational burden contributing to disease expression. CONCLUSION In 58.3% of families, the arthrogryposis manifestation could be explained by a molecular diagnosis; however, the molecular etiology in subjects from 20 families remained unsolved by WES. Only 5 of these 20 unrelated subjects had a clinical presentation consistent with amyoplasia; a phenotype not thought to be of genetic origin. Our results indicate that increased use of genome-wide technologies will provide opportunities to better understand genetic models for diseases and molecular mechanisms of genetically heterogeneous disorders, such as arthrogryposis. FUNDING This work was supported in part by US National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) grant U54HG006542 to the Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, and US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) grant R01NS058529 to J.R. Lupski.
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Todd EJ, Yau KS, Ong R, Slee J, McGillivray G, Barnett CP, Haliloglu G, Talim B, Akcoren Z, Kariminejad A, Cairns A, Clarke NF, Freckmann ML, Romero NB, Williams D, Sewry CA, Colley A, Ryan MM, Kiraly-Borri C, Sivadorai P, Allcock RJN, Beeson D, Maxwell S, Davis MR, Laing NG, Ravenscroft G. Next generation sequencing in a large cohort of patients presenting with neuromuscular disease before or at birth. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:148. [PMID: 26578207 PMCID: PMC4650299 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal akinesia/hypokinesia, arthrogryposis and severe congenital myopathies are heterogeneous conditions usually presenting before or at birth. Although numerous causative genes have been identified for each of these disease groups, in many cases a specific genetic diagnosis remains elusive. Due to the emergence of next generation sequencing, virtually the entire coding region of an individual's DNA can now be analysed through "whole" exome sequencing, enabling almost all known and novel disease genes to be investigated for disorders such as these. METHODS Genomic DNA samples from 45 patients with fetal akinesia/hypokinesia, arthrogryposis or severe congenital myopathies from 38 unrelated families were subjected to next generation sequencing. Clinical features and diagnoses for each patient were supplied by referring clinicians. Genomic DNA was used for either whole exome sequencing or a custom-designed neuromuscular sub-exomic supercapture array containing 277 genes responsible for various neuromuscular diseases. Candidate disease-causing variants were investigated and confirmed using Sanger sequencing. Some of the cases within this cohort study have been published previously as separate studies. RESULTS A conclusive genetic diagnosis was achieved for 18 of the 38 families. Within this cohort, mutations were found in eight previously known neuromuscular disease genes (CHRND, CHNRG, ECEL1, GBE1, MTM1, MYH3, NEB and RYR1) and four novel neuromuscular disease genes were identified and have been published as separate reports (GPR126, KLHL40, KLHL41 and SPEG). In addition, novel mutations were identified in CHRND, KLHL40, NEB and RYR1. Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and de novo modes of inheritance were observed. CONCLUSIONS By using next generation sequencing on a cohort of 38 unrelated families with fetal akinesia/hypokinesia, arthrogryposis, or severe congenital myopathy we therefore obtained a genetic diagnosis for 47% of families. This study highlights the power and capacity of next generation sequencing (i) to determine the aetiology of genetically heterogeneous neuromuscular diseases, (ii) to identify novel disease genes in small pedigrees or isolated cases and (iii) to refine the interplay between genetic diagnosis and clinical evaluation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Todd
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia.
| | - Kyle S Yau
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia.
| | - Royston Ong
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia.
| | - Jennie Slee
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, 6000, , WA, Australia.
| | - George McGillivray
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, 3052, , VIC, Australia.
| | - Christopher P Barnett
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit, South Australia Clinical Genetics Service, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, 5006, , SA, Australia.
| | - Goknur Haliloglu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
| | - Beril Talim
- Pediatric Pathology Unit, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
| | - Zuhal Akcoren
- Pediatric Pathology Unit, Hacettepe University Children's Hospital, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
| | - Ariana Kariminejad
- Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology and Genetics Centre, Tehran, 14656, Iran.
| | - Anita Cairns
- Royal Children's Hospital, Herston Road, Herson, 4029, , QLD, Australia.
| | - Nigel F Clarke
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, 2145, , NSW, Australia. .,Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, , NSW, Australia.
| | | | - Norma B Romero
- Unitè de Morphologie Neuromusculaire, Institut de Myologie, Institut National de la Santè et de la Recherche Mèdicale, Paris, 75651, France.
| | - Denise Williams
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK. .,Wolfson Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK.
| | - Caroline A Sewry
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK. .,Wolfson Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK.
| | - Alison Colley
- Department of Clinical Genetics, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, 1871, , NSW, Australia.
| | - Monique M Ryan
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, 3000, , VIC, Australia.
| | - Cathy Kiraly-Borri
- Genetic Services of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Subiaco, 6008, , WA, Australia.
| | - Padma Sivadorai
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, Pathwest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia.
| | - Richard J N Allcock
- Lotterywest State Biomedical Facility Genomics and School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6000, , WA, Australia.
| | - David Beeson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Susan Maxwell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Mark R Davis
- Department of Diagnostic Genomics, Pathwest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia.
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia. .,Department of Diagnostic Genomics, Pathwest, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia.
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and the Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, 6009, , WA, Australia.
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43
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Chong J, Burrage L, Beck A, Marvin C, McMillin M, Shively K, Harrell T, Buckingham K, Bacino C, Jain M, Alanay Y, Berry S, Carey J, Gibbs R, Lee B, Krakow D, Shendure J, Nickerson D, Bamshad MJ, Bamshad M, Shendure J, Nickerson D, Abecasis G, Anderson P, Blue E, Annable M, Browning B, Buckingham K, Chen C, Chin J, Chong J, Cooper G, Davis C, Frazar C, Harrell T, He Z, Jain P, Jarvik G, Jimenez G, Johanson E, Jun G, Kircher M, Kolar T, Krauter S, Krumm N, Leal S, Luksic D, Marvin C, McMillin M, McGee S, O’Reilly P, Paeper B, Patterson K, Perez M, Phillips S, Pijoan J, Poel C, Reinier F, Robertson P, Santos-Cortez R, Shaffer T, Shephard C, Shively K, Siegel D, Smith J, Staples J, Tabor H, Tackett M, Underwood J, Wegener M, Wang G, Wheeler M, Yi Q. Autosomal-Dominant Multiple Pterygium Syndrome Is Caused by Mutations in MYH3. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 96:841-9. [PMID: 25957469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple pterygium syndrome (MPS) is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of rare Mendelian conditions characterized by multiple pterygia, scoliosis, and congenital contractures of the limbs. MPS typically segregates as an autosomal-recessive disorder, but rare instances of autosomal-dominant transmission have been reported. Whereas several mutations causing recessive MPS have been identified, the genetic basis of dominant MPS remains unknown. We identified four families affected by dominantly transmitted MPS characterized by pterygia, camptodactyly of the hands, vertebral fusions, and scoliosis. Exome sequencing identified predicted protein-altering mutations in embryonic myosin heavy chain (MYH3) in three families. MYH3 mutations underlie distal arthrogryposis types 1, 2A, and 2B, but all mutations reported to date occur in the head and neck domains. In contrast, two of the mutations found to cause MPS in this study occurred in the tail domain. The phenotypic overlap among persons with MPS, coupled with physical findings distinct from other conditions caused by mutations in MYH3, suggests that the developmental mechanism underlying MPS differs from that of other conditions and/or that certain functions of embryonic myosin might be perturbed by disruption of specific residues and/or domains. Moreover, the vertebral fusions in persons with MPS, coupled with evidence of MYH3 expression in bone, suggest that embryonic myosin plays a role in skeletal development.
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44
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Sung KH, Lee SH, Kim N, Cho TJ. Orthopaedic manifestations and treatment outcome of two siblings with Escobar syndrome and homozygous mutations in the CHRNG gene. J Pediatr Orthop B 2015; 24:262-7. [PMID: 25411939 DOI: 10.1097/bpb.0000000000000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Escobar syndrome is a nonlethal subtype of multiple pterygium syndromes, characterized by webbing across the joints, congenital joint contracture, facial dysmorphism and a variety of other congenital anomalies. We report orthopaedic manifestation and the treatment outcome of two siblings with Escobar syndrome caused by homozygous mutations of the CHRNG gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyuk Sung
- aDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Myongji Hospital, Kyungki bDepartment of Bioinformatics, Korea University of Science and Technology cKorean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon dDivision of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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45
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Wilbe M, Ekvall S, Eurenius K, Ericson K, Casar-Borota O, Klar J, Dahl N, Ameur A, Annerén G, Bondeson ML. MuSK: a new target for lethal fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS). J Med Genet 2015; 52:195-202. [PMID: 25612909 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal akinesia deformation sequence syndrome (FADS, OMIM 208150) is characterised by decreased fetal movement (fetal akinesia) as well as intrauterine growth restriction, arthrogryposis, and developmental anomalies (eg, cystic hygroma, pulmonary hypoplasia, cleft palate, and cryptorchidism). Mutations in components of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) pathway have previously been associated with FADS. METHODS AND RESULTS We report on a family with recurrent fetal loss, where the parents had five affected fetuses/children with FADS and one healthy child. The fetuses displayed no fetal movements from the gestational age of 17 weeks, extended knee joints, flexed hips and elbows, and clenched hands. Whole exome sequencing of one affected fetus and the parents was performed. A novel homozygous frameshift mutation was identified in muscle, skeletal receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK), c.40dupA, which segregated with FADS in the family. Haplotype analysis revealed a conserved haplotype block suggesting a founder mutation. MuSK (muscle-specific tyrosine kinase receptor), a component of the AChR pathway, is a main regulator of neuromuscular junction formation and maintenance. Missense mutations in MuSK have previously been reported to cause congenital myasthenic syndrome (CMS) associated with AChR deficiency. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that a mutation in MuSK is associated with FADS. The results support previous findings that CMS and/or FADS are caused by complete or severe functional disruption of components located in the AChR pathway. We propose that whereas milder mutations of MuSK will cause a CMS phenotype, a complete loss is lethal and will cause FADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wilbe
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Ekvall
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Eurenius
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katharina Ericson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Pathology and Cytology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olivera Casar-Borota
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Pathology and Cytology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joakim Klar
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Dahl
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adam Ameur
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Annerén
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie-Louise Bondeson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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Seo J, Choi IH, Lee JS, Yoo Y, Kim NKD, Choi M, Ko JM, Shin YB. Rare cases of congenital arthrogryposis multiplex caused by novel recurrent CHRNG mutations. J Hum Genet 2015; 60:213-5. [PMID: 25608830 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multiple pterygium syndrome (MPS) is an autosomal recessively inherited condition that becomes evident before birth, with pterygium at multiple joints and akinesia. There are two forms of this syndrome that are differentiated by clinical severity: the milder form, Escobar type (OMIM#265000), and the more severe form, lethal type (OMIM#253290). Mutations in CHRNG, which encode the acetylcholine receptor gamma subunit, cause most cases of MPS. Here, we present three patients from two unrelated families showing multiple joint contractures in both the upper and lower limbs. High-arched palates with malocclusion, short neck and micrognathia were observed in all patients. Peripheral blood karyotypes were normal. Whole-exome sequencing analysis of the patients' genomes led to the discovery of identical missense (p.Pro143Arg) and frameshift deletion variants (p.Pro251fs*45) on CHRNG. These were rare cases of congenital arthrogryposis multiplex related to novel recessive CHRNG variants in two Korean kindred without apparent relatedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Ho Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je Sang Lee
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan, Korea
| | - Yongjin Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung K D Kim
- Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Beom Shin
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan, Korea
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McKie AB, Alsaedi A, Vogt J, Stuurman KE, Weiss MM, Shakeel H, Tee L, Morgan NV, Nikkels PGJ, van Haaften G, Park SM, van der Smagt JJ, Bugiani M, Maher ER. Germline mutations in RYR1 are associated with foetal akinesia deformation sequence/lethal multiple pterygium syndrome. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:148. [PMID: 25476234 PMCID: PMC4271450 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Foetal akinesia deformation sequence syndrome (FADS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterised by the combination of foetal akinesia and developmental defects which may include pterygia (joint webbing). Traditionally multiple pterygium syndrome (MPS) has been divided into two forms: prenatally lethal (LMPS) and non-lethal Escobar type (EVMPS) types. Interestingly, FADS, LMPS and EVMPS may be allelic e.g. each of these phenotypes may result from mutations in the foetal acetylcholine receptor gamma subunit gene (CHRNG). Many cases of FADS and MPS do not have a mutation in a known FADS/MPS gene and we undertook molecular genetic studies to identify novel causes of these phenotypes. RESULTS After mapping a novel locus for FADS/LMPS to chromosome 19, we identified a homozygous null mutation in the RYR1 gene in a consanguineous kindred with recurrent LMPS pregnancies. Resequencing of RYR1 in a cohort of 66 unrelated probands with FADS/LMPS/EVMPS (36 with FADS/LMPS and 30 with EVMPS) revealed two additional homozygous mutations (in frame deletions). The overall frequency of RYR1 mutations in probands with FADS/LMPS was 8.3%. CONCLUSIONS Our findings report, for the first time, a homozygous RYR1 null mutation and expand the range of RYR1-related phenotypes to include early lethal FADS/LMPS. We suggest that RYR1 mutation analysis should be performed in cases of severe FADS/LMPS even in the absence of specific histopathological indicators of RYR1-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur B McKie
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Atif Alsaedi
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Julie Vogt
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK.
| | - Kyra E Stuurman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjan M Weiss
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hassan Shakeel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Louise Tee
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Neil V Morgan
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Peter G J Nikkels
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gijs van Haaften
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Soo-Mi Park
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Jasper J van der Smagt
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 238, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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Bosemani T, Poretti A, Benson JE, Meyer-Heim A, Huisman TAGM. Clinicoradiological correlation of scoliosis in children with Jarcho-Levin and Escobar syndromes: associated "flat bone or wing-like" imaging findings. Eur J Pediatr 2014; 173:1377-80. [PMID: 24791932 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-014-2324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Congenital or early onset scoliosis may be the lead clinical feature in several rare syndromes. In this paper, we present the imaging findings in two children with early onset scoliosis related to the Jarcho-Levin and Escobar syndromes and an osseous plate or wing-like bar extending along the posterior elements of the spine on computed tomography. The clinical phenotypes in these syndromes are variable. A thorough clinical evaluation with imaging correlation is essential. The recognition of underlying spinal anomalies is essential in planning treatment and estimating prognosis. In young children with progressive scoliosis, cross-sectional imaging plays a major role in the diagnostic work-up. CONCLUSION Congenital scoliosis requires a comprehensive clinical evaluation and imaging work-up. The presence of an osseous plate or wing-like fusion of posterior elements of the spine may suggest the diagnosis of Jarcho-Levin and Escobar syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangamadhan Bosemani
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Charlotte R. Bloomberg Children's Center, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Room 4174, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287-0842, USA,
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49
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McMillin M, Beck A, Chong J, Shively K, Buckingham K, Gildersleeve H, Aracena M, Aylsworth A, Bitoun P, Carey J, Clericuzio C, Crow Y, Curry C, Devriendt K, Everman D, Fryer A, Gibson K, Giovannucci Uzielli M, Graham J, Hall J, Hecht J, Heidenreich R, Hurst J, Irani S, Krapels I, Leroy J, Mowat D, Plant G, Robertson S, Schorry E, Scott R, Seaver L, Sherr E, Splitt M, Stewart H, Stumpel C, Temel S, Weaver D, Whiteford M, Williams M, Tabor H, Smith J, Shendure J, Nickerson D, Bamshad M, Bamshad MJ. Mutations in PIEZO2 cause Gordon syndrome, Marden-Walker syndrome, and distal arthrogryposis type 5. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:734-44. [PMID: 24726473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gordon syndrome (GS), or distal arthrogryposis type 3, is a rare, autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by cleft palate and congenital contractures of the hands and feet. Exome sequencing of five GS-affected families identified mutations in piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2 (PIEZO2) in each family. Sanger sequencing revealed PIEZO2 mutations in five of seven additional families studied (for a total of 10/12 [83%] individuals), and nine families had an identical c.8057G>A (p.Arg2686His) mutation. The phenotype of GS overlaps with distal arthrogryposis type 5 (DA5) and Marden-Walker syndrome (MWS). Using molecular inversion probes for targeted sequencing to screen PIEZO2, we found mutations in 24/29 (82%) DA5-affected families and one of two MWS-affected families. The presence of cleft palate was significantly associated with c.8057G>A (Fisher's exact test, adjusted p value < 0.0001). Collectively, although GS, DA5, and MWS have traditionally been considered separate disorders, our findings indicate that they are etiologically related and perhaps represent variable expressivity of the same condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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50
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Schaaf CP. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human genetic disease. Genet Med 2014; 16:649-56. [DOI: 10.1038/gim.2014.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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