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Parihar K, Ko SHB, Bradley RP, Taylor P, Ramakrishnan N, Baumgart T, Guo W, Weaver VM, Janmey PA, Radhakrishnan R. Asymmetric crowders and membrane morphology at the nexus of intracellular trafficking and oncology. MECHANOBIOLOGY IN MEDICINE 2024; 2:100071. [PMID: 38899029 PMCID: PMC11185830 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbm.2024.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
A definitive understanding of the interplay between protein binding/migration and membrane curvature evolution is emerging but needs further study. The mechanisms defining such phenomena are critical to intracellular transport and trafficking of proteins. Among trafficking modalities, exosomes have drawn attention in cancer research as these nano-sized naturally occurring vehicles are implicated in intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment, suppressing anti-tumor immunity and preparing the metastatic niche for progression. A significant question in the field is how the release and composition of tumor exosomes are regulated. In this perspective article, we explore how physical factors such as geometry and tissue mechanics regulate cell cortical tension to influence exosome production by co-opting the biophysics as well as the signaling dynamics of intracellular trafficking pathways and how these exosomes contribute to the suppression of anti-tumor immunity and promote metastasis. We describe a multiscale modeling approach whose impact goes beyond the fundamental investigation of specific cellular processes toward actual clinical translation. Exosomal mechanisms are critical to developing and approving liquid biopsy technologies, poised to transform future non-invasive, longitudinal profiling of evolving tumors and resistance to cancer therapies to bring us one step closer to the promise of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz Parihar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seung-Hyun B. Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan P. Bradley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phillip Taylor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tobias Baumgart
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Valerie M. Weaver
- Department of Surgery, Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul A. Janmey
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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2
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Urbanska M, Guck J. Single-Cell Mechanics: Structural Determinants and Functional Relevance. Annu Rev Biophys 2024; 53:367-395. [PMID: 38382116 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-030822-030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The mechanical phenotype of a cell determines its ability to deform under force and is therefore relevant to cellular functions that require changes in cell shape, such as migration or circulation through the microvasculature. On the practical level, the mechanical phenotype can be used as a global readout of the cell's functional state, a marker for disease diagnostics, or an input for tissue modeling. We focus our review on the current knowledge of structural components that contribute to the determination of the cellular mechanical properties and highlight the physiological processes in which the mechanical phenotype of the cells is of critical relevance. The ongoing efforts to understand how to efficiently measure and control the mechanical properties of cells will define the progress in the field and drive mechanical phenotyping toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Urbanska
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany; ,
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany; ,
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Venkatachalam T, Mannimala S, Pulijala Y, Soto MC. CED-5/CED-12 (DOCK/ELMO) can promote and inhibit F-actin formation via distinct motifs that may target different GTPases. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011330. [PMID: 39083711 PMCID: PMC11290852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Coordinated activation and inhibition of F-actin supports the movements of morphogenesis. Understanding the proteins that regulate F-actin is important, since these proteins are mis-regulated in diseases like cancer. Our studies of C. elegans embryonic epidermal morphogenesis identified the GTPase CED-10/Rac1 as an essential activator of F-actin. However, we need to identify the GEF, or Guanine-nucleotide Exchange Factor, that activates CED-10/Rac1 during embryonic cell migrations. The two-component GEF, CED-5/CED-12, is known to activate CED-10/Rac1 to promote cell movements that result in the engulfment of dying cells during embryogenesis, and a later cell migration of the larval Distal Tip Cell. It is believed that CED-5/CED-12 powers cellular movements of corpse engulfment and DTC migration by promoting F-actin formation. Therefore, we tested if CED-5/CED-12 was involved in embryonic migrations, and got a contradictory result. CED-5/CED-12 definitely support embryonic migrations, since their loss led to embryos that died due to failed epidermal cell migrations. However, CED-5/CED-12 inhibited F-actin in the migrating epidermis, the opposite of what was expected for a CED-10 GEF. To address how CED-12/CED-5 could have two opposing effects on F-actin, during corpse engulfment and cell migration, we investigated if CED-12 harbors GAP (GTPase Activating Protein) functions. A candidate GAP region in CED-12 faces away from the CED-5 GEF catalytic region. Mutating a candidate catalytic Arginine in the CED-12 GAP region (R537A) altered the epidermal cell migration function, and not the corpse engulfment function. We interfered with GEF function by interfering with CED-5's ability to bind Rac1/CED-10. Mutating Serine-Arginine in CED-5/DOCK predicted to bind and stabilize Rac1 for catalysis, resulted in loss of both ventral enclosure and corpse engulfment. Genetic and expression studies strongly support that the GAP function likely acts on different GTPases. Thus, we propose CED-5/CED-12 support the cycling of multiple GTPases, by using distinct domains, to both promote and inhibit F-actin nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thejasvi Venkatachalam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Sushma Mannimala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yeshaswi Pulijala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Martha C. Soto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
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4
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Yan Q, Gomis Perez C, Karatekin E. Cell Membrane Tension Gradients, Membrane Flows, and Cellular Processes. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38501962 PMCID: PMC11368524 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00007.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane tension affects and is affected by many fundamental cellular processes, yet it is poorly understood. Recent experiments show that membrane tension can propagate at vastly different speeds in different cell types, reflecting physiological adaptations. Here we briefly review the current knowledge about membrane tension gradients, membrane flows, and their physiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yan
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Carolina Gomis Perez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Erdem Karatekin
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences (SPPIN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
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5
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Tsai FC, Guérin G, Pernier J, Bassereau P. Actin-membrane linkers: Insights from synthetic reconstituted systems. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151402. [PMID: 38461706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
At the cell surface, the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane interact reciprocally in a variety of processes related to the remodeling of the cell surface. The actin cytoskeleton has been known to modulate membrane organization and reshape the membrane. To this end, actin-membrane linking molecules play a major role in regulating actin assembly and spatially direct the interaction between the actin cytoskeleton and the membrane. While studies in cells have provided a wealth of knowledge on the molecular composition and interactions of the actin-membrane interface, the complex molecular interactions make it challenging to elucidate the precise actions of the actin-membrane linkers at the interface. Synthetic reconstituted systems, consisting of model membranes and purified proteins, have been a powerful approach to elucidate how actin-membrane linkers direct actin assembly to drive membrane shape changes. In this review, we will focus only on several actin-membrane linkers that have been studied by using reconstitution systems. We will discuss the design principles of these reconstitution systems and how they have contributed to the understanding of the cellular functions of actin-membrane linkers. Finally, we will provide a perspective on future research directions in understanding the intricate actin-membrane interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Gwendal Guérin
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer, Paris 75005, France
| | - Julien Pernier
- Tumor Cell Dynamics Unit, Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer, Paris 75005, France.
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6
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Lüchtefeld I, Pivkin IV, Gardini L, Zare-Eelanjegh E, Gäbelein C, Ihle SJ, Reichmuth AM, Capitanio M, Martinac B, Zambelli T, Vassalli M. Dissecting cell membrane tension dynamics and its effect on Piezo1-mediated cellular mechanosensitivity using force-controlled nanopipettes. Nat Methods 2024; 21:1063-1073. [PMID: 38802520 PMCID: PMC11166569 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The dynamics of cellular membrane tension and its role in mechanosensing, which is the ability of cells to respond to physical stimuli, remain incompletely understood, mainly due to the lack of appropriate tools. Here, we report a force-controlled nanopipette-based method that combines fluidic force microscopy with fluorescence imaging for precise manipulation of the cellular membrane tension while monitoring the impact on single-cell mechanosensitivity. The force-controlled nanopipette enables control of the indentation force imposed on the cell cortex as well as of the aspiration pressure applied to the plasma membrane. We show that this setup can be used to concurrently monitor the activation of Piezo1 mechanosensitive ion channels via calcium imaging. Moreover, the spatiotemporal behavior of the tension propagation is assessed with the fluorescent membrane tension probe Flipper-TR, and further dissected using molecular dynamics modeling. Finally, we demonstrate that aspiration and indentation act independently on the cellular mechanobiological machinery, that indentation induces a local pre-tension in the membrane, and that membrane tension stays confined by links to the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Lüchtefeld
- Laboratory for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Igor V Pivkin
- Institute of Computing, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Lucia Gardini
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Florence, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Stephan J Ihle
- Laboratory for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M Reichmuth
- Laboratory for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Capitanio
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Laboratory for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Massimo Vassalli
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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7
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Craig EM, Oprea F, Alam S, Grodsky A, Miller KE. A simple active fluid model unites cytokinesis, cell crawling, and axonal outgrowth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595337. [PMID: 38826455 PMCID: PMC11142150 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Axonal outgrowth, cell crawling, and cytokinesis utilize actomyosin, microtubule-based motors, cytoskeletal dynamics, and substrate adhesions to produce traction forces and bulk cellular motion. While it has long been appreciated that growth cones resemble crawling cells and that the mechanisms that drive cytokinesis help power cell crawling, they are typically viewed as unique processes. To better understand the relationship between these modes of motility, here, we developed a unified active fluid model of cytokinesis, amoeboid migration, mesenchymal migration, neuronal migration, and axonal outgrowth in terms of cytoskeletal flow, adhesions, viscosity, and force generation. Using numerical modeling, we fit subcellular velocity profiles of the motions of cytoskeletal structures and docked organelles from previously published studies to infer underlying patterns of force generation and adhesion. Our results indicate that, during cytokinesis, there is a primary converge zone at the cleavage furrow that drives flow towards it; adhesions are symmetric across the cell, and as a result, cells are stationary. In mesenchymal, amoeboid, and neuronal migration, the site of the converge zone shifts, and differences in adhesion between the front and back of the cell drive crawling. During neuronal migration and axonal outgrowth, the primary convergence zone lies within the growth cone, which drives actin retrograde flow in the P-domain and bulk anterograde flow of the axonal shaft. They differ in that during neuronal migration, the cell body is weakly attached to the substrate and thus moves forward at the same velocity as the axon. In contrast, during axonal outgrowth, the cell body strongly adheres to the substrate and remains stationary, resulting in a decrease in flow velocity away from the growth cone. The simplicity with which cytokinesis, cell crawling, and axonal outgrowth can be modeled by varying coefficients in a simple model suggests a deep connection between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Craig
- Central Washington University, Department of Physics, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA 98926-7422, USA
| | - Francesca Oprea
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sajid Alam
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ania Grodsky
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kyle E Miller
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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8
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Liu W, Gao T, Li N, Shao S, Liu B. Vesicle fusion and release in neurons under dynamic mechanical equilibrium. iScience 2024; 27:109793. [PMID: 38736547 PMCID: PMC11088343 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Vesicular fusion plays a pivotal role in cellular processes, involving stages like vesicle trafficking, fusion pore formation, content release, and membrane integration or separation. This dynamic process is regulated by a complex interplay of protein assemblies, osmotic forces, and membrane tension, which together maintain a mechanical equilibrium within the cell. Changes in cellular mechanics or external pressures prompt adjustments in this equilibrium, highlighting the system's adaptability. This review delves into the synergy between intracellular proteins, structural components, and external forces in facilitating vesicular fusion and release. It also explores how cells respond to mechanical stress, maintaining equilibrium and offering insights into vesicle fusion mechanisms and the development of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Liu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Tianyu Gao
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Na Li
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang 110042, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang 110042, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang 110042, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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9
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Li M, Xing X, Yuan J, Zeng Z. Research progress on the regulatory role of cell membrane surface tension in cell behavior. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29923. [PMID: 38720730 PMCID: PMC11076917 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane surface tension has emerged as a pivotal biophysical factor governing cell behavior and fate. This review systematically delineates recent advances in techniques for cell membrane surface tension quantification, mechanosensing mechanisms, and regulatory roles of cell membrane surface tension in modulating major cellular processes. Micropipette aspiration, tether pulling, and newly developed fluorescent probes enable the measurement of cell membrane surface tension with spatiotemporal precision. Cells perceive cell membrane surface tension via conduits including mechanosensitive ion channels, curvature-sensing proteins (e.g. BAR domain proteins), and cortex-membrane attachment proteins (e.g. ERM proteins). Through membrane receptors like integrins, cells convert mechanical cues into biochemical signals. This conversion triggers cytoskeletal remodeling and extracellular matrix interactions in response to environmental changes. Elevated cell membrane surface tension suppresses cell spreading, migration, and endocytosis while facilitating exocytosis. Moreover, reduced cell membrane surface tension promotes embryonic stem cell differentiation and cancer cell invasion, underscoring cell membrane surface tension as a regulator of cell plasticity. Outstanding questions remain regarding cell membrane surface tension regulatory mechanisms and roles in tissue development/disease in vivo. Emerging tools to manipulate cell membrane surface tension with high spatiotemporal control in combination with omics approaches will facilitate the elucidation of cell membrane surface tension-mediated effects on signaling networks across various cell types/states. This will accelerate the development of cell membrane surface tension-based biomarkers and therapeutics for regenerative medicine and cancer. Overall, this review provides critical insights into cell membrane surface tension as a potent orchestrator of cell function, with broader impacts across mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqing Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 5180080, China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 5180080, China
| | - Jianhui Yuan
- Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518054, China
| | - Zhuoying Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
- Chemical Analysis & Physical Testing Institute, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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10
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Picas L, André-Arpin C, Comunale F, Bousquet H, Tsai FC, Rico F, Maiuri P, Pernier J, Bodin S, Nicot AS, Laporte J, Bassereau P, Goud B, Gauthier-Rouvière C, Miserey S. BIN1 regulates actin-membrane interactions during IRSp53-dependent filopodia formation. Commun Biol 2024; 7:549. [PMID: 38724689 PMCID: PMC11082164 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amphiphysin 2 (BIN1) is a membrane and actin remodeling protein mutated in congenital and adult centronuclear myopathies. Here, we report an unexpected function of this N-BAR domain protein BIN1 in filopodia formation. We demonstrated that BIN1 expression is necessary and sufficient to induce filopodia formation. BIN1 is present at the base of forming filopodia and all along filopodia, where it colocalizes with F-actin. We identify that BIN1-mediated filopodia formation requires IRSp53, which allows its localization at negatively-curved membrane topologies. Our results show that BIN1 bundles actin in vitro. Finally, we identify that BIN1 regulates the membrane-to-cortex architecture and functions as a molecular platform to recruit actin-binding proteins, dynamin and ezrin, to promote filopodia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Picas
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, Montpellier, France.
| | - Charlotte André-Arpin
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 9004, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, France
| | - Hugo Bousquet
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 168, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Félix Rico
- Aix-Marseille Université, U1325 INSERM, DyNaMo, Turing center for living systems, Marseille, France
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Julien Pernier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Bodin
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS UMR 5237, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Nicot
- Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine, IGBMC, U1258, UMR7104 Strasbourg University, Collège de France, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Miserey
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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11
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Upton C, Healey J, Rothnie AJ, Goddard AD. Insights into membrane interactions and their therapeutic potential. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 755:109939. [PMID: 38387829 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent research into membrane interactions has uncovered a diverse range of therapeutic opportunities through the bioengineering of human and non-human macromolecules. Although the majority of this research is focussed on fundamental developments, emerging studies are showcasing promising new technologies to combat conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's and inflammatory and immune-based disease, utilising the alteration of bacteriophage, adenovirus, bacterial toxins, type 6 secretion systems, annexins, mitochondrial antiviral signalling proteins and bacterial nano-syringes. To advance the field further, each of these opportunities need to be better understood, and the therapeutic models need to be further optimised. Here, we summarise the knowledge and insights into several membrane interactions and detail their current and potential uses therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Upton
- School of Biosciences, Health & Life Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Joseph Healey
- Nanosyrinx, The Venture Centre, University of Warwick Science Park, Coventry, CV4 7EZ, UK
| | - Alice J Rothnie
- School of Biosciences, Health & Life Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alan D Goddard
- School of Biosciences, Health & Life Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
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12
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Morel C, Lemerle E, Tsai FC, Obadia T, Srivastava N, Marechal M, Salles A, Albert M, Stefani C, Benito Y, Vandenesch F, Lamaze C, Vassilopoulos S, Piel M, Bassereau P, Gonzalez-Rodriguez D, Leduc C, Lemichez E. Caveolin-1 protects endothelial cells from extensive expansion of transcellular tunnel by stiffening the plasma membrane. eLife 2024; 12:RP92078. [PMID: 38517935 PMCID: PMC10959525 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Large transcellular pores elicited by bacterial mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase (mART) exotoxins inhibiting the small RhoA GTPase compromise the endothelial barrier. Recent advances in biophysical modeling point toward membrane tension and bending rigidity as the minimal set of mechanical parameters determining the nucleation and maximal size of transendothelial cell macroaperture (TEM) tunnels induced by bacterial RhoA-targeting mART exotoxins. We report that cellular depletion of caveolin-1, the membrane-embedded building block of caveolae, and depletion of cavin-1, the master regulator of caveolae invaginations, increase the number of TEMs per cell. The enhanced occurrence of TEM nucleation events correlates with a reduction in cell height due to the increase in cell spreading and decrease in cell volume, which, together with the disruption of RhoA-driven F-actin meshwork, favor membrane apposition for TEM nucleation. Strikingly, caveolin-1 specifically controls the opening speed of TEMs, leading to their dramatic 5.4-fold larger widening. Consistent with the increase in TEM density and width in siCAV1 cells, we record a higher lethality in CAV1 KO mice subjected to a catalytically active mART exotoxin targeting RhoA during staphylococcal bloodstream infection. Combined theoretical modeling with independent biophysical measurements of plasma membrane bending rigidity points toward a specific contribution of caveolin-1 to membrane stiffening in addition to the role of cavin-1/caveolin-1-dependent caveolae in the control of membrane tension homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Morel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Inserm U1306, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Département de MicrobiologieParisFrance
| | - Eline Lemerle
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR974, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en MyologieParisFrance
| | - Feng-Ching Tsai
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer LaboratoryParisFrance
| | - Thomas Obadia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HubParisFrance
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, G5 Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and AnalyticsParisFrance
| | - Nishit Srivastava
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversityParisFrance
| | - Maud Marechal
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Inserm U1306, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Département de MicrobiologieParisFrance
| | - Audrey Salles
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Photonic Bio-Imaging, Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (UTechS-PBI, C2RT)ParisFrance
| | - Marvin Albert
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Image Analysis HubParisFrance
| | - Caroline Stefani
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Department of ImmunologySeattleUnited States
| | - Yvonne Benito
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civiles de LyonLyonFrance
| | - François Vandenesch
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, FranceLyonFrance
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR3666, Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling LaboratoryParisFrance
| | - Stéphane Vassilopoulos
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR974, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en MyologieParisFrance
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie and Institut Pierre Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Sorbonne UniversityParisFrance
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Physics of Cells and Cancer LaboratoryParisFrance
| | | | - Cecile Leduc
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592ParisFrance
| | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Inserm U1306, Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Département de MicrobiologieParisFrance
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13
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Shu J, Deng H, Zhang Y, Wu F, He J. Cancer cell response to extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical cue: opportunities for tumor apoptosis strategies. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae016. [PMID: 38476678 PMCID: PMC10932484 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing studies have revealed the importance of mechanical cues in tumor progression, invasiveness and drug resistance. During malignant transformation, changes manifest in either the mechanical properties of the tissue or the cellular ability to sense and respond to mechanical signals. The major focus of the review is the subtle correlation between mechanical cues and apoptosis in tumor cells from a mechanobiology perspective. To begin, we focus on the intracellular force, examining the mechanical properties of the cell interior, and outlining the role that the cytoskeleton and intracellular organelle-mediated intracellular forces play in tumor cell apoptosis. This article also elucidates the mechanisms by which extracellular forces guide tumor cell mechanosensing, ultimately triggering the activation of the mechanotransduction pathway and impacting tumor cell apoptosis. Finally, a comprehensive examination of the present status of the design and development of anti-cancer materials targeting mechanotransduction is presented, emphasizing the underlying design principles. Furthermore, the article underscores the need to address several unresolved inquiries to enhance our comprehension of cancer therapeutics that target mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Huan Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China
| | - Fang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Jing He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
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14
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Markova O, Clanet C, Husson J. Quantifying both viscoelasticity and surface tension: Why sharp tips overestimate cell stiffness. Biophys J 2024; 123:210-220. [PMID: 38087780 PMCID: PMC10808041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the mechanical properties of cells is important to better understand how mechanics constrain cellular processes. Furthermore, because pathologies are usually paralleled by altered cell mechanical properties, mechanical parameters can be used as a novel way to characterize the pathological state of cells. Key features used in models are cell tension, cell viscoelasticity (representing the average of the cell bulk), or a combination of both. It is unclear which of these features is the most relevant or whether both should be included. To clarify this, we performed microindentation experiments on cells with microindenters of various tip radii, including micrometer-sized microneedles. We obtained different cell-indenter contact radii and measured the corresponding contact stiffness. We derived a model predicting that this contact stiffness should be an affine function of the contact radius and that, at vanishing contact radius, the cell stiffness should be equal to the cell tension multiplied by a constant. When microindenting leukocytes and both adherent and trypsinized adherent cells, the contact stiffness was indeed an affine function of the contact radius. For leukocytes, the deduced surface tension was consistent with that measured using micropipette aspiration. For detached endothelial cells, agreement between microindentation and micropipette aspiration was better when considering these as only viscoelastic when analyzing micropipette aspiration experiments. This work suggests that indenting cells with sharp tips but neglecting the presence of surface tension leads to an effective elastic modulus whose origin is in fact surface tension. Accordingly, using sharp tips when microindenting a cell is a good way to directly measure its surface tension without the need to let the viscoelastic modulus relax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Markova
- Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Christophe Clanet
- Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Julien Husson
- Laboratoire d'Hydrodynamique (LadHyX), CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France.
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15
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Blanco-González A, Marrink SJ, Piñeiro Á, García-Fandiño R. Molecular insights into the effects of focused ultrasound mechanotherapy on lipid bilayers: Unlocking the keys to design effective treatments. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1201-1210. [PMID: 37478737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Administration of focused ultrasounds (US) represents an attractive complement to classical therapies for a wide range of maladies, from cancer to neurological pathologies, as they are non-invasive, easily targeted, their dosage is easy to control, and they involve low risks. Different mechanisms have been proposed for their activity but the direct effect of their interaction with cell membranes is not well understood at the molecular level. This is in part due to the difficulty of designing experiments able to probe the required spatio-temporal resolutions. Here we use Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations at two resolution levels and machine learning (ML) classification tools to shed light on the effects that focused US mechanotherapy methods have over a range of lipid bilayers. Our results indicate that the dynamic-structural response of the membrane models to the mechanical perturbations caused by the sound waves strongly depends on the lipid composition. The analyses performed on the MD trajectories contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of lipid membranes, and to open up a path for the rational design of new therapies for the long list of diseases characterized by specific lipid profiles of pathological membrane cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Blanco-González
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; MD.USE Innovations S.L., Edificio Emprendia, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ángel Piñeiro
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rebeca García-Fandiño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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16
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Zheng X, Gao Z, Pan Y, Zhang S, Chen R. The exact phenomenon and early signaling events of the endothelial cytoskeleton response to ultrasound. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 681:144-151. [PMID: 37774572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity ultrasound can be applied for medical imaging and disease treatment in clinical and experimental studies. However, the biological effects of ultrasound on blood vessels, especially endothelial cells (ECs) are still unclear. In this study, the laws of endothelial cytoskeleton changes under ultrasound induction are investigated. ECs are exposed to low-intensity ultrasound, and the cytoskeletal morphology is analyzed by a filamentous (F)-actin staining technique. We further analyze the characteristics of cytoskeleton rupture using indirect immunofluorescence techniques and cytoskeleton electron microscopy. Finally, the biological effects induced by ultrasound at the tissue level are investigated in an ex vivo blood-vessel model. Significant changes in cytoskeletal structure are detected when induced by ultrasound, including cytoskeletal rupture, blebbing and apoptosis. Moreover, a temporal threshold of ECs injury under different ultrasonic intensities is established. This study illustrates a pattern of significant changes in the cytoskeletal structure of ECs induced by ultrasound. The finding serves as a guide for selecting a safe threshold for clinical ultrasound applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zujie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunfan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ruiqing Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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17
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Dibsy R, Bremaud E, Mak J, Favard C, Muriaux D. HIV-1 diverts cortical actin for particle assembly and release. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6945. [PMID: 37907528 PMCID: PMC10618566 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Enveloped viruses assemble and bud from the host cell membranes. Any role of cortical actin in these processes have often been a source of debate. Here, we assessed if cortical actin was involved in HIV-1 assembly in infected CD4 T lymphocytes. Our results show that preventing actin branching not only increases HIV-1 particle release but also the number of individual HIV-1 Gag assembly clusters at the T cell plasma membrane. Indeed, in infected T lymphocytes and in in vitro quantitative model systems, we show that HIV-1 Gag protein prefers areas deficient in F-actin for assembling. Finally, we found that the host factor Arpin, an inhibitor of Arp2/3 branched actin, is recruited at the membrane of infected T cells and it can associate with the viral Gag protein. Altogether, our data show that, for virus assembly and particle release, HIV-1 prefers low density of cortical actin and may favor local actin debranching by subverting Arpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Dibsy
- Institute of Research in Infectious disease of Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, UMR9004 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Erwan Bremaud
- Institute of Research in Infectious disease of Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, UMR9004 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Johnson Mak
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cyril Favard
- Institute of Research in Infectious disease of Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, UMR9004 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Muriaux
- Institute of Research in Infectious disease of Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, UMR9004 CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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18
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Venkatachalam T, Mannimala S, Soto MC. CED-5/CED-12 (DOCK/ELMO) can promote and inhibit F-actin formation via distinct motifs that target different GTPases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.04.560868. [PMID: 37873140 PMCID: PMC10592980 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.04.560868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated activation and inhibition of F-actin supports the movements of morphogenesis. Understanding the proteins that regulate F-actin is important, since these proteins are mis-regulated in diseases like cancer. Our studies of C. elegans embryonic epidermal morphogenesis identified the GTPase CED-10/Rac1 as an essential activator of F-actin. However, we need to identify the GEF, or Guanine-nucleotide Exchange Factor, that activates CED-10/Rac1 during embryonic cell migrations. The two-component GEF, CED-5/CED-12, is known to activate CED-10/Rac1 to promote cell movements that result in the engulfment of dying cells during embryogenesis, and a later cell migration of the larval Distal Tip Cell. It is believed that CED-5/CED-12 powers cellular movements of corpse engulfment and DTC migration by promoting F-actin formation. Therefore, we tested if CED-5/CED-12 was involved in embryonic migrations, and got a contradictory result. CED-5/CED-12 definitely support embryonic migrations, since their loss led to embryos that died due to failed epidermal cell migrations. However, CED-5/CED-12 inhibited F-actin in the migrating epidermis, the opposite of what was expected for a CED-10 GEF. To address how CED-12/CED-5 could have two opposing effects on F-actin, during corpse engulfment and cell migration, we investigated if CED-12 harbors GAP (GTPase Activating Protein) functions. A candidate GAP region in CED-12 faces away from the CED-5 GEF catalytic region. Mutating a candidate catalytic Arginine in the CED-12 GAP region (R537A) altered the epidermal cell migration function, and not the corpse engulfment function. A candidate GEF region on CED-5 faces towards Rac1/CED-10. Mutating Serine-Arginine in CED-5/DOCK predicted to bind and stabilize Rac1 for catalysis, resulted in loss of both ventral enclosure and corpse engulfment. Genetic and expression studies showed the GEF and GAP functions act on different GTPases. Thus, we propose CED-5/CED-12 support the cycling of multiple GTPases, by using distinct domains, to both promote and inhibit F-actin nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thejasvi Venkatachalam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sushma Mannimala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Martha C. Soto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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19
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Su R, Wang S, McDargh Z, O'Shaughnessy B. Three membrane fusion pore families determine the pathway to pore dilation. Biophys J 2023; 122:3986-3998. [PMID: 37644721 PMCID: PMC10560699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During exocytosis secretory vesicles fuse with a target membrane and release neurotransmitters, hormones, or other bioactive molecules through a membrane fusion pore. The initially small pore may subsequently dilate for full contents release, as commonly observed in amperometric traces. The size, shape, and evolution of the pore is critical to the course of contents release, but exact fusion pore solutions accounting for membrane tension and bending energy constraints have not been available. Here, we obtained exact solutions for fusion pores between two membranes. We find three families: a narrow pore, a wide pore, and an intermediate tether-like pore. For high tensions these are close to the catenoidal and tether solutions recently reported for freely hinged membrane boundaries. We suggest membrane fusion initially generates a stable narrow pore, and the dilation pathway is a transition to the stable wide pore family. The unstable intermediate pore is the transition state that sets the energy barrier for this dilation pathway. Pore dilation is mechanosensitive, as the energy barrier is lowered by increased membrane tension. Finally, we study fusion pores in nanodiscs, powerful systems for the study of individual pores. We show that nanodiscs stabilize fusion pores by locking them into the narrow pore family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York; Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Zachary McDargh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York
| | - Ben O'Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York.
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20
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Pinigin KV, Akimov SA. The Membrane-Mediated Interaction of Liquid-Ordered Lipid Domains in the Presence of Amphipathic Peptides. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:816. [PMID: 37887988 PMCID: PMC10608175 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The lipid membranes of living cells are composed of a large number of lipid types and can undergo phase separation with the formation of nanometer-scale liquid-ordered lipid domains, also called rafts. Raft coalescence, i.e., the fusion of lipid domains, is involved in important cell processes, such as signaling and trafficking. In this work, within the framework of the theory of elasticity of lipid membranes, we explore how amphipathic peptides adsorbed on lipid membranes may affect the domain-domain fusion processes. We show that the elastic deformations of lipid membranes drive amphipathic peptides to the boundary of lipid domains, which leads to an increase in the average energy barrier of the domain-domain fusion, even if the surface concentration of amphipathic peptides is low and the domain boundaries are only partially occupied by the peptides. This inhibition of the fusion of lipid domains may lead to negative side effects of using amphipathic peptides as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V. Pinigin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Akimov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31/4 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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21
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Sitarska E, Almeida SD, Beckwith MS, Stopp J, Czuchnowski J, Siggel M, Roessner R, Tschanz A, Ejsing C, Schwab Y, Kosinski J, Sixt M, Kreshuk A, Erzberger A, Diz-Muñoz A. Sensing their plasma membrane curvature allows migrating cells to circumvent obstacles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5644. [PMID: 37704612 PMCID: PMC10499897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To navigate through diverse tissues, migrating cells must balance persistent self-propelled motion with adaptive behaviors to circumvent obstacles. We identify a curvature-sensing mechanism underlying obstacle evasion in immune-like cells. Specifically, we propose that actin polymerization at the advancing edge of migrating cells is inhibited by the curvature-sensitive BAR domain protein Snx33 in regions with inward plasma membrane curvature. The genetic perturbation of this machinery reduces the cells' capacity to evade obstructions combined with faster and more persistent cell migration in obstacle-free environments. Our results show how cells can read out their surface topography and utilize actin and plasma membrane biophysics to interpret their environment, allowing them to adaptively decide if they should move ahead or turn away. On the basis of our findings, we propose that the natural diversity of BAR domain proteins may allow cells to tune their curvature sensing machinery to match the shape characteristics in their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sitarska
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, EMBL and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia Dias Almeida
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Medical Image Computing, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Julian Stopp
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jakub Czuchnowski
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Siggel
- EMBL Hamburg, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rita Roessner
- EMBL Hamburg, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aline Tschanz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, EMBL and Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christer Ejsing
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Kosinski
- EMBL Hamburg, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Anna Kreshuk
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Erzberger
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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22
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Ogorodnik E, Karsai A, Liu YX, Di Lucente J, Huang Y, Keel T, Haudenschild DR, Jin LW, Liu GY. Mechanical Cues for Triggering and Regulating Cellular Movement Selectively at the Single-Cell Level. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:866-873. [PMID: 36652348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell motility plays important roles in many biophysical and physiological processes ranging from in vitro biomechanics, wound healing, to cancer metastasis. This work introduces a new means to trigger and regulate motility individually using transient mechanical stimulus applied to designated cells. Using BV2 microglial cells, our investigations indicate that motility can be reproducibly and reliably initiated using mechanical compression of the cells. The location and magnitude of the applied force impact the movement of the cell. Based on observations from this investigation and current knowledge of BV2 cellular motility, new physical insights are revealed into the underlying mechanism of force-induced single cellular movement. The process involves high degrees of myosin activation to repair actin cortex breakages induced by the initial mechanical compression, which leads to focal adhesion degradation, lamellipodium detachment, and finally, cell polarization and movement. Modern technology enables accurate control over force magnitude and location of force delivery, thus bringing us closer to programming cellular movement at the single-cell level. This approach is of generic importance to other cell types beyond BV2 cells and has the intrinsic advantages of being transient, non-toxic, and non-destructive, thus exhibiting high translational potentials including mechano-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Ogorodnik
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Arpad Karsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ying X Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jacopo Di Lucente
- M.I.N.D. Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Yuqi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Terell Keel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dominik R Haudenschild
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- M.I.N.D. Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Gang-Yu Liu
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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23
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Li JH, Trivedi V, Diz-Muñoz A. Understanding the interplay of membrane trafficking, cell surface mechanics, and stem cell differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:123-134. [PMID: 35641408 PMCID: PMC9703995 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells can generate a diversity of cell types during development, regeneration and adult tissue homeostasis. Differentiation changes not only the cell fate in terms of gene expression but also the physical properties and functions of cells, e.g. the secretory activity, cell shape, or mechanics. Conversely, these activities and properties can also regulate differentiation itself. Membrane trafficking is known to modulate signal transduction and thus has the potential to control stem cell differentiation. On the other hand, membrane trafficking, particularly from and to the plasma membrane, depends on the mechanical properties of the cell surface such as tension within the plasma membrane or the cortex. Indeed, recent findings demonstrate that cell surface mechanics can also control cell fate. Here, we review the bidirectional relationships between these three fundamental cellular functions, i.e. membrane trafficking, cell surface mechanics, and stem cell differentiation. Furthermore, we discuss commonly used methods in each field and how combining them with new tools will enhance our understanding of their interplay. Understanding how membrane trafficking and cell surface mechanics can guide stem cell fate holds great potential as these concepts could be exploited for directed differentiation of stem cells for the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hui Li
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Vikas Trivedi
- EMBL, PRBB, Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain,Developmental Biology Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
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24
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Guo Y, Gao Y, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Jiang D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Gan H, Xie C, Liu Z, Zhong B, Zhang Z, Yao J. The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) Channel Facilitates Virus Infection Through the Ca 2+ -LRMDA Axis in Myeloid Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202857. [PMID: 36261399 PMCID: PMC9731701 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel is a nonselective cation channel that has been implicated in multiple sensory processes in the nervous system. Here, it is shown that TRPV2 in myeloid cells facilitates virus penetration by promoting the tension and mobility of cell membrane through the Ca2+ -LRMDA axis. Knockout of TRPV2 in myeloid cells or inhibition of TRPV2 channel activity suppresses viral infection and protects mice from herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. Reconstitution of TRPV2 but not the Ca2+ -impermeable mutant TRPV2E572Q into LyZ2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) restores viral infection. Mechanistically, knockout of TRPV2 in myeloid cells inhibits the tension and mobility of cell membrane and the penetration of viruses, which is restored by reconstitution of TRPV2 but not TRPV2E572Q . In addition, knockout of TRPV2 leads to downregulation of Lrmda in BMDCs and BMDMs, and knockdown of Lrmda significantly downregulates the mobility and tension of cell membrane and inhibits viral infections in Trpv2fl/fl but not LyZ2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl BMDCs. Consistently, complement of LRMDA into LyZ2-Cre;Trpv2fl/fl BMDCs partially restores the tension and mobility of cell membrane and promotes viral penetration and infection. These findings characterize a previously unknown function of myeloid TRPV2 in facilitating viral infection though the Ca2+ -LRMDA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Yao Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yu‐Ru Hu
- The Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Dexiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Youjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Hu Gan
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Chang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Zheng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Zhi‐Dong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryCollege of Life SciencesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Department of ImmunologyMedical Research Institute and Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesFrontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
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25
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Andrade V, Echard A. Mechanics and regulation of cytokinetic abscission. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1046617. [PMID: 36506096 PMCID: PMC9730121 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1046617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinetic abscission leads to the physical cut of the intercellular bridge (ICB) connecting the daughter cells and concludes cell division. In different animal cells, it is well established that the ESCRT-III machinery is responsible for the constriction and scission of the ICB. Here, we review the mechanical context of abscission. We first summarize the evidence that the ICB is initially under high tension and explain why, paradoxically, this can inhibit abscission in epithelial cells by impacting on ESCRT-III assembly. We next detail the different mechanisms that have been recently identified to release ICB tension and trigger abscission. Finally, we discuss whether traction-induced mechanical cell rupture could represent an ancient alternative mechanism of abscission and suggest future research avenues to further understand the role of mechanics in regulating abscission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Andrade
- CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Arnaud Echard,
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26
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Khosravanizadeh A, Sens P, Mohammad-Rafiee F. Role of particle local curvature in cellular wrapping. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220462. [PMID: 36321371 PMCID: PMC9627444 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular uptake through membranes plays an important role in adsorbing nutrients and fighting infection and can be used for nanomedicine developments. Endocytosis is one of the pathways of cellular uptake which associate with elastic deformation of the membrane wrapping around the foreign particle. The deformability of the membrane is strongly regulated by the presence of a cortical cytoskeleton placed underneath the membrane. It is shown that shape and orientation of the particles influence on their internalization. Here, we study the role of particle local curvature in cellular uptake by investigating the wrapping of an elastic membrane around a long cylindrical object with an elliptical cross-section. The membrane itself is adhered to a substrate mimicking the cytoskeleton. Membrane wrapping proceeds differently whether the initial contact occurs at the target's highly curved part (vertical) or along its long side (horizontal). We obtain a wrapping phase diagram as a function of the membrane-cytoskeleton and the membrane-target adhesion energy, which includes three distinct regimes (unwrapped, partially wrapped and fully wrapped), separated by two phase transitions. We also provide analytical expressions for the boundaries between the different regimes which confirm that the transitions strongly depend on the orientation and aspect ratio of the nanowire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khosravanizadeh
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris 75013, France
| | - Pierre Sens
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 168, Paris, 75005 France
| | - Farshid Mohammad-Rafiee
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Research Center for Basic Sciences and Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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27
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Kutti Kandy S, Radhakrishnan R. Crowding-induced membrane remodeling: Interplay of membrane tension, polymer density, architecture. Biophys J 2022; 121:3674-3683. [PMID: 35619564 PMCID: PMC9617136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane hosts a wide range of biomolecules, mainly proteins and carbohydrates, that mediate cellular interactions with its environment. The crowding of such biomolecules regulates cellular morphologies and cellular trafficking. Recent discoveries have shown that the structure and density of cell surface polymers and hence the signaling machinery change with the state of the cell, especially in cancer progression. The alterations in membrane-attached glycocalyx and glycosylation of proteins and lipids are common features of cancer cells. The overexpression of glycocalyx polymers, such as mucin and hyaluronan, strongly correlates with cancer metastasis. Here, we present a mesoscale biophysics-based model that accounts for the shape regulation of membranes by crowding of membrane-attached biopolymer-glycocalyx and actin networks. Our computational model is based on the dynamically triangulated Monte Carlo model for membranes and coarse-grained representations of polymer chains. The model allows us to investigate the crowding-induced shape transformations in cell membranes in a tension- and graft polymer density-dependent manner. Our results show that the number of membrane protrusions and their shape depend on membrane tension, with higher membrane tension inducing more tubular protrusions than the vesicular shapes formed at low tension at high surface coverage of polymers. The shape transformations occur above the threshold density predicted by the polymer brush theory, but this threshold also depends on the membrane tension. Increasing the size of the polymer, either by changing the length or by adding side chains, is shown to increase the crowding-induced curvature. The effect of crowding is more prominent for flexible polymers than for semiflexible rigid polymers. We also present an extension of the model that incorporates properties of the actin-like filament networks and demonstrate how tubular structures can be generated by biopolymer crowding on the cytosolic side of cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Kutti Kandy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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28
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Malingen SA, Rangamani P. Modelling membrane curvature generation using mechanics and machine learning. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220448. [PMID: 36128706 PMCID: PMC9490339 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The deformation of cellular membranes regulates trafficking processes, such as exocytosis and endocytosis. Classically, the Helfrich continuum model is used to characterize the forces and mechanical parameters that cells tune to accomplish membrane shape changes. While this classical model effectively captures curvature generation, one of the core challenges in using it to approximate a biological process is selecting a set of mechanical parameters (including bending modulus and membrane tension) from a large set of reasonable values. We used the Helfrich model to generate a large synthetic dataset from a random sampling of realistic mechanical parameters and used this dataset to train machine-learning models. These models produced promising results, accurately classifying model behaviour and predicting membrane shape from mechanical parameters. We also note emerging methods in machine learning that can leverage the physical insight of the Helfrich model to improve performance and draw greater insight into how cells control membrane shape change.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Malingen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - P. Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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29
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Mahata P, Vennamneni L, Chattopadhyay S. A mechanical-thermodynamic model for understanding endocytosis of COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. PART C. JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE 2022; 236:9431-9440. [PMID: 38603131 PMCID: PMC9127454 DOI: 10.1177/09544062221098538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
We analyze the endocytosis process of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) virus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) using a mechanical-thermodynamic model. The virus particle is designed to interface with the cell membrane as a hard sphere. The role of cytoplasmic BAR (Bin/Amphiphysin/RVs) proteins is considered in the endocytosis. Interestingly, the Endophilin N-BAR cytoplasmic proteins show resistance in participating endocytosis, whereas F-BAR, Arfaptin BAR, Amphiphysin N-BAR, and PX-BAR proteins participate in endocytosis. The increase in membrane tension, concentrated force between the cell membrane receptor, and spike glycoprotein present on the surface of virus particle promote the endocytosis. Also, the increase in the bending modulus of membrane leads to the two-phase solution of BAR protein concentration on the interior of cell membrane surface. We observe an unstable region of protein concentration, which may help one to retard the endocytosis process and thus the viral infection. Though the present study is focused on SARS-CoV-2, it can be extended to understand any other viral infections, involving endocytosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Mahata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India
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30
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Bodenschatz JFE, Ajmail K, Skamrahl M, Vache M, Gottwald J, Nehls S, Janshoff A. Epithelial cells sacrifice excess area to preserve fluidity in response to external mechanical stress. Commun Biol 2022; 5:855. [PMID: 35995827 PMCID: PMC9395404 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscoelastic properties of epithelial cells subject to shape changes were monitored by indentation-retraction/relaxation experiments. MDCK II cells cultured on extensible polydimethylsiloxane substrates were laterally stretched and, in response, displayed increased cortex contractility and loss of excess surface area. Thereby, the cells preserve their fluidity but inevitably become stiffer. We found similar behavior in demixed cell monolayers of ZO-1/2 double knock down (dKD) cells, cells exposed to different temperatures and after removal of cholesterol from the plasma membrane. Conversely, the mechanical response of single cells adhered onto differently sized patches displays no visible rheological change. Sacrificing excess surface area allows the cells to respond to mechanical challenges without losing their ability to flow. They gain a new degree of freedom that permits resolving the interdependence of fluidity β on stiffness [Formula: see text]. We also propose a model that permits to tell apart contributions from excess membrane area and excess cell surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F E Bodenschatz
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karim Ajmail
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Skamrahl
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marian Vache
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jannis Gottwald
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Nehls
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstr. 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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31
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Parihar K, Nukpezah J, Iwamoto DV, Janmey PA, Radhakrishnan R. Data driven and biophysical insights into the regulation of trafficking vesicles by extracellular matrix stiffness. iScience 2022; 25:104721. [PMID: 35865140 PMCID: PMC9293776 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical signals from remodeled extracellular matrix (ECM) promote tumor progression. Here, we show that cell-matrix and cell-cell communication may be inherently linked and tuned through mechanisms of mechanosensitive biogenesis of trafficking vesicles. Pan-cancer analysis of cancer cells' mechanical properties (focusing primarily on cell stiffness) on substrates of varied stiffness and composition elucidated a heterogeneous cellular response to mechanical stimuli. Through machine learning, we identified a fingerprint of cytoskeleton-related proteins that accurately characterize cell stiffness in different ECM conditions. Expression of their respective genes correlates with patient prognosis across different tumor types. The levels of selected cytoskeleton proteins indicated that cortical tension mirrors the increase (or decrease) in cell stiffness with a change in ECM stiffness. A mechanistic biophysical model shows that the tendency for curvature generation by curvature-inducing proteins has an ultrasensitive dependence on cortical tension. This study thus highlights the effect of ECM stiffness, mediated by cortical tension, in modulating vesicle biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kshitiz Parihar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Nukpezah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel V. Iwamoto
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul A. Janmey
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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32
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Molon B, Liboni C, Viola A. CD28 and chemokine receptors: Signalling amplifiers at the immunological synapse. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938004. [PMID: 35983040 PMCID: PMC9379342 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are master regulators of the immune response tuning, among others, B cells, macrophages and NK cells. To exert their functions requiring high sensibility and specificity, T cells need to integrate different stimuli from the surrounding microenvironment. A finely tuned signalling compartmentalization orchestrated in dynamic platforms is an essential requirement for the proper and efficient response of these cells to distinct triggers. During years, several studies have depicted the pivotal role of the cytoskeleton and lipid microdomains in controlling signalling compartmentalization during T cell activation and functions. Here, we discuss mechanisms responsible for signalling amplification and compartmentalization in T cell activation, focusing on the role of CD28, chemokine receptors and the actin cytoskeleton. We also take into account the detrimental effect of mutations carried by distinct signalling proteins giving rise to syndromes characterized by defects in T cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Molon
- Pediatric Research Institute “Città della Speranza”, Corso Stati Uniti, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Barbara Molon,
| | - Cristina Liboni
- Pediatric Research Institute “Città della Speranza”, Corso Stati Uniti, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Viola
- Pediatric Research Institute “Città della Speranza”, Corso Stati Uniti, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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33
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Liu Y, Yang Q, Wang Y, Lin M, Tong Y, Huang H, Yang C, Wu J, Tang B, Bai J, Liu C. Metallic Scaffold with Micron-Scale Geometrical Cues Promotes Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis via the ROCK/Myosin/YAP Pathway. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3498-3514. [PMID: 35834297 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The advent of precision manufacturing has enabled the creation of pores in metallic scaffolds with feature size in the range of single microns. In orthopedic implants, pore geometries at the micron scale could regulate bone formation by stimulating osteogenic differentiation and the coupling of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. However, the biological response to pore geometry at the cellular level is not clear. As cells are sensitive to curvature of the pore boundary, this study aimed to investigate osteogenesis in high- vs low-curvature environments by utilizing computer numerical control laser cutting to generate triangular and circular precision manufactured micropores (PMpores). We fabricated PMpores on 100 μm-thick stainless-steel discs. Triangular PMpores had a 30° vertex angle and a 300 μm base, and circular PMpores had a 300 μm diameter. We found triangular PMpores significantly enhanced the elastic modulus, proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts through Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear translocation. Inhibition of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and Myosin II abolished YAP translocation in all pore types and controls. Inhibition of YAP transcriptional activity reduced the proliferation, pore closure, collagen secretion, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Alizarin Red staining in MC3T3-E1 cultures. In C166 vascular endothelial cells, PMpores increased the VEGFA mRNA expression even without an angiogenic differentiation medium and induced tubule formation and maintenance. In terms of osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling, a conditioned medium from MC3T3-E1 cells in PMpores promoted the expression of angiogenic genes in C166 cells. A coculture with MC3T3-E1 induced tubule formation and maintenance in C166 cells and tubule alignment along the edges of pores. Together, curvature cues in micropores are important stimuli to regulate osteogenic differentiation and osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling. This study uncovered key mechanotransduction signaling components activated by curvature differences in a metallic scaffold and contributed to the understanding of the interaction between orthopedic implants and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Qihao Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, 510150 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Minmin Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanrong Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanwei Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengyu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianqun Wu
- College of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaming Bai
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, 518055 Shenzhen, China
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34
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Sun Y, Du R, Shang Y, Liu C, Zheng L, Sun R, Wang Y, Lu G. Rho GTPase-activating protein 35 suppresses gastric cancer metastasis by regulating cytoskeleton reorganization and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14605-14615. [PMID: 35758029 PMCID: PMC9342288 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2092677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal reorganization and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are key processes and typical characteristics of metastatic cancer cells. Rho GTPase‑activating protein 35 (ARHGAP35) is a GTPase-activating protein, which has a significant effect on cell motility. However, the particular function of ARHGAP35 in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. In the present study, the role of ARHGAP35 in GC was investigated by in vitro loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments. Cytoskeletal reorganization in GC cells was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining and the protein expression levels of key molecules and active RhoA were detected by western blot analysis. Additionally, the clinical evaluation of proteins in human GC tissues was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that ARHGAP35, a tumor suppressor, was downregulated in GC tissues and its decreased expression was associated with the metastatic status of GC. Additionally, Transwell and wound healing assays demonstrated that ARHGAP35 knockdown promoted cell motility in vitro. However, the above effects were abrogated following ectopic ARHGAP35 expression. Furthermore, ARHGAP35 could affect cytoskeletal reorganization via directly regulating RhoA activation. In addition, ARHGAP35 upregulated E-cadherin and attenuated EMT in GC cells. Both ARHGAP35 and E-cadherin were associated with overall survival in patients with GC, while their combination allowed for an even greater capacity for distinguishing GC patients with different prognosis. Overall, the results of the current study suggested that ARHGAP35 could directly regulate cell morphology and motility via affecting cytoskeletal reorganization and EMT via targeting RhoA and E-cadherin, respectively. Targeting the ARHGAP35/RhoA/E-cadherin pathway could be a potential approach for treating GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Du
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences of Pain, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, shaanxi, China
| | - Yulong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, shaanxi, China
| | - Changhao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, shaanxi, China
| | - Linhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, shaanxi, China
| | - Ruiqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, shaanxi, China
| | - Guofang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, shaanxi, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, National Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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35
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Cui Y, Leong WH, Liu CF, Xia K, Feng X, Gergely C, Liu RB, Li Q. Revealing Capillarity in AFM Indentation of Cells by Nanodiamond-Based Nonlocal Deformation Sensing. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3889-3896. [PMID: 35507005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c05037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoindentation based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) can measure the elasticity of biomaterials and cells with high spatial resolution and sensitivity, but relating the data to quantitative mechanical properties depends on information on the local contact, which is unclear in most cases. Here, we demonstrate nonlocal deformation sensing on biorelevant soft matters upon AFM indentation by using nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds, providing data for studying both the elasticity and capillarity without requiring detailed knowledge about the local contact. Using fixed HeLa cells for demonstration, we show that the apparent elastic moduli of the cells would have been overestimated if the capillarity was not considered. In addition, we observe that both the elastic moduli and the surface tensions are reduced after depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton in cells. This work demonstrates that the nanodiamond sensing of nonlocal deformation with nanometer precision is particularly suitable for studying mechanics of soft biorelevant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cui
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weng-Hang Leong
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chu-Feng Liu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kangwei Xia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Csilla Gergely
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, University of Montpellierr, CNRS, Montpellier, 34095, France
| | - Ren-Bao Liu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Quantum Coherence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Institute of Quantum Information Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Quantum Coherence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Institute of Quantum Information Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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36
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Javed K, Gul F, Abbasi R, Batool S, Noreen Z, Bokhari H, Javed S. In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of Helicobacter pullorum Type Six Secretory Protein Hcp and Its Role in Bacterial Invasion and Pathogenesis. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:195. [PMID: 35593885 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pullorum is a human zoonotic pathogen transmitted through poultry where it is associated with vibrionic hepatitis and colitis. Hemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp) is an important structural as well as effector protein of type six secretory system; however, its role in H. pullorum invasion and pathogenesis has not been elucidated. In this study, we predicted the Helicobacter pullorum Hcp (HpuHcp) structure and identified Campylobacter jejuni Hcp (CjHcp) as its nearest homologue. Analysis of the predicted structure shows several common bacterial Hcp motifs like Protein kinase C phosphorylation site, Casein kinase II phosphorylation site, N-myristoylation site, cAMP-and cCGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site, N-glycosylation site. The presence of unique microbodies C-terminal targeting signal domain was present in HpuHcp which was seen for the first time in CjHcp. This could indicate that Hcp is a structural protein as well as a secretory protein. Moreover, the presence of a deamidase domain, similar to the tecA of Burkholderia cenocepacia an opportunistic pathogen, may help in bacterial internalization as it depolymerises the membranous actin by deamidation of the host cell Rho GTPases cdc42 and Rac1, which was supported by increased invasion of hepatocytes by Hcp-positive isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashaf Javed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Gul
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashda Abbasi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Batool
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.,Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zobia Noreen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.,Bioscience Department, Kohsar University Murree, Near Kashmir Point, Murree, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Javed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Automated measurement of cell mechanical properties using an integrated dielectrophoretic microfluidic device. iScience 2022; 25:104275. [PMID: 35602969 PMCID: PMC9114521 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell mechanics is closely related to and interacts with cellular functions, which has the potential to be an effective biomarker to indicate disease onset and progression. Although several techniques have been developed for measuring cell mechanical properties, the issues of limited measurement data and biological significance because of complex and labor-intensive manipulation remain to be addressed, especially for the dielectrophoresis-based approach that is difficult to utilize flow measurement techniques. In this work, a dielectrophoresis-based solution is proposed to automatically obtain mass cellular mechanical data by combining a designed microfluidic device integrated the functions of cell capture, dielectrophoretic stretching, and cell release and an automatic control scheme. Experiments using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and breast cells revealed the automation capability of this device. The proposed method provides an effective way to address the low-throughput problem of dielectrophoresis-based cell mechanical property measurements, which enhance the biostatistical significance for cellular mechanism studies. Cell capture, dielectrophoretic stretching, and release in one microfluidic chip Automatic measurement scheme to realize circularly measurement Automatic acquisition of large amounts of cell mechanical properties data Significant advances in dielectrophoretic measurement of cell mechanical properties
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38
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Blanco-González A, Piñeiro Á, García-Fandiño R. Unravelling hierarchical levels of structure in lipid membranes. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:2798-2806. [PMID: 35685357 PMCID: PMC9168047 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of hierarchical levels of structure can be proposed for lipid bilayers. The composition of a lipid bilayer is identified as a fluid version of primary structure. The interaction between leaflets is taken as the secondary structure of lipid bilayers. A method to identify membrane domains and their interaction is proposed as a third level of structure. The highly specific lipid perturbation around embedded macromolecules is taken as the quaternary level of structure.
In analogy with the hierarchical levels typically used to describe the structure of nucleic acids or proteins and keeping in mind that lipid bilayers are not just mere envelopers for biological material but directly responsible for many important functions of life, it is discussed here how membrane models can also be interpreted in terms of different hierarchies in their structure. Namely, lipid composition, interaction between leaflets, existence and interaction of domains arising from the coordinate behavior of lipids and their properties, plus the manifest and specific perturbation of the lipid organization around macromolecules embedded in a membrane are hereby used to define the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures, respectively. Molecular Dynamics simulations are used to illustrate this proposal. Alternative levels of organization and methods to define domains can be proposed but the final aim is to highlight the paradigm arising from this description which is expected to have significant consequences on deciphering the underlying factors governing membranes and their interactions with other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Blanco-González
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- MD.USE Innovations SL, Edificio Emprendia, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Piñeiro
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultade de Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Rebeca García-Fandiño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Corresponding authors.
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39
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Elucidation of CKAP4-remodeled cell mechanics in driving metastasis of bladder cancer through aptamer-based target discovery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2110500119. [PMID: 35412892 PMCID: PMC9169774 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110500119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis generally leads to a dismal prognosis in bladder cancer (BLCA). The mechanical status of the cell membrane has been reported to reflect the potential of the metastatic capacity of cancer cells. However, the molecular profile and corresponding mechanical traits underlying BLCA metastasis remain largely elusive. Our study demonstrates the significance of cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4) in BLCA malignancy through aptamer selection, emphasizes the mechanical dominance of the central-to-peripheral gradient over simply softening or stiffening in cell migration, and shows the role of exosomes in mediating mechanical signaling in BLCA metastasis. Altogether, our work verifies the promising advantages of an aptamer-based approach in cancer research, which ranges from biomarker discovery to the elucidation of biological functions. Metastasis contributes to the dismal prognosis of bladder cancer (BLCA). The mechanical status of the cell membrane is expected to mirror the ability of cell migration to promote cancer metastasis. However, the mechanical characteristics and underlying molecular profile associated with BLCA metastasis remain obscure. To study the unique cellular architecture and traits associated with cell migration, using a process called cell-based systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (cell-SELEX) we generated an aptamer-based molecular probe, termed spl3c, which identified cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4). CKAP4 was associated with tumor metastasis in BLCA, but we also found it to be a mechanical regulator of BLCA cells through the maintenance of a central-to-peripheral gradient of stiffness on the cell membrane. Notably, such mechanical traits were transportable through exosome-mediated intercellular CKAP4 trafficking, leading to significant enhancement of migration in recipient cells and, consequently, aggravating metastatic potential in vivo. Taken together, our study shows the robustness of this aptamer-based molecular tool for biomarker discovery, revealing the dominance of a CKAP4-induced central-to-peripheral gradient of membrane stiffness that benefits cell migration and delineating the role of exosomes in mediating mechanical signaling in BLCA metastasis.
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40
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Andrade V, Bai J, Gupta-Rossi N, Jimenez AJ, Delevoye C, Lamaze C, Echard A. Caveolae promote successful abscission by controlling intercellular bridge tension during cytokinesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5095. [PMID: 35417244 PMCID: PMC9007517 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
During cytokinesis, the intercellular bridge (ICB) connecting the daughter cells experiences pulling forces, which delay abscission by preventing the assembly of the ESCRT scission machinery. Abscission is thus triggered by tension release, but how ICB tension is controlled is unknown. Here, we report that caveolae, which are known to regulate membrane tension upon mechanical stress in interphase cells, are located at the midbody, at the abscission site, and at the ICB/cell interface in dividing cells. Functionally, the loss of caveolae delays ESCRT-III recruitment during cytokinesis and impairs abscission. This is the consequence of a twofold increase of ICB tension measured by laser ablation, associated with a local increase in myosin II activity at the ICB/cell interface. We thus propose that caveolae buffer membrane tension and limit contractibility at the ICB to promote ESCRT-III assembly and cytokinetic abscission. Together, this work reveals an unexpected connection between caveolae and the ESCRT machinery and the first role of caveolae in cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Andrade
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jian Bai
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Neetu Gupta-Rossi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Ana Joaquina Jimenez
- Dynamics of Intracellular Organization Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 144, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR 3666, Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
- Corresponding author.
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41
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Garner RM, Theriot JA. Leading edge maintenance in migrating cells is an emergent property of branched actin network growth. eLife 2022; 11:74389. [PMID: 35275060 PMCID: PMC9033267 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal cell migration is predominantly driven by the coordinated, yet stochastic, polymerization of thousands of nanometer-scale actin filaments across micron-scale cell leading edges. It remains unclear how such inherently noisy processes generate robust cellular behavior. We employed high-speed imaging of migrating neutrophil-like HL-60 cells to explore the fine-scale shape fluctuations that emerge and relax throughout the process of leading edge maintenance. We then developed a minimal stochastic model of the leading edge that reproduces this stable relaxation behavior. Remarkably, we find lamellipodial stability naturally emerges from the interplay between branched actin network growth and leading edge shape – with no additional feedback required – based on a synergy between membrane-proximal branching and lateral spreading of filaments. These results thus demonstrate a novel biological noise-suppression mechanism based entirely on system geometry. Furthermore, our model suggests that the Arp2/3-mediated ~70–80° branching angle optimally smooths lamellipodial shape, addressing its long-mysterious conservation from protists to mammals. In every human cell, there are tens of millions of proteins which work together to control everything from the cell’s shape to its behavior. One of the most abundant proteins is actin, which organizes itself into filaments that mechanically support the cell and help it to move. These filaments are very dynamic, with individual actin molecules constantly being added or removed. This allows the cell to build large structures with distinct shapes and properties. Many motile cells, for example, have a structure called a lamellipodium which protrudes at their ‘leading edge’ and pushes them forward. The lamellipodium has a very robust shape that does not vary much between different cell types, or change significantly as cells migrate. But how the tens of thousands of actin molecules inside the lamellipodium organize themselves into this large, stable structure is not fully understood. To investigate, Garner and Theriot used high-speed video microscopy to track the shape of human cells cultured in the laboratory. As the cells crawled along a glass surface, their leading edge undulated like strings being plucked on a guitar. A computer simulation showed that these ripples can be caused by filaments randomly adding and removing actin molecules. While these random movements could destabilize the structure of the leading edge, the simulation suggests that another aspect of actin filament growth smooths out any fluctuations in the lamellipodium’s shape. Actin networks in the lamellipodium have a branched configuration, with new strands emerging off each other at an angle like branches in a tree. Garner and Theriot found that the specific angle in which new filaments are added smooths out the lamellipodium’s shape, which may explain why this geometry has persisted throughout evolution. These findings suggest that the way in which actin filaments join together helps to maintain the shape of large cellular structures. In the future, scientists could use this design principle to build molecular machines that can self-organize into microstructures. These engineered constructs could be used to modulate the activity of living cells that have been damaged by disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki M Garner
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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42
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Zak A, Dupré-Crochet S, Hudik E, Babataheri A, Barakat AI, Nüsse O, Husson J. Distinct timing of neutrophil spreading and stiffening during phagocytosis. Biophys J 2022; 121:1381-1394. [PMID: 35318004 PMCID: PMC9072703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic cells form the first line of defense in an organism, engulfing microbial pathogens. Phagocytosis involves cell mechanical changes that are not yet well understood. Understanding these mechanical modifications promises to shed light on the immune processes that trigger pathological complications. Previous studies showed that phagocytes undergo a sequence of spreading events around their target followed by an increase in cell tension. Seemingly in contradiction, other studies observed an increase in cell tension concomitant with membrane expansion. Even though phagocytes are viscoelastic, few studies have quantified viscous changes during phagocytosis. It is also unclear whether cell lines behave mechanically similarly to primary neutrophils. We addressed the question of simultaneous versus sequential spreading and mechanical changes during phagocytosis by using immunoglobulin-G-coated 8- and 20-μm-diameter beads as targets. We used a micropipette-based single-cell rheometer to monitor viscoelastic properties during phagocytosis by both neutrophil-like PLB cells and primary human neutrophils. We show that the faster expansion of PLB cells on larger beads is a geometrical effect reflecting a constant advancing speed of the phagocytic cup. Cells become stiffer on 20- than on 8-μm beads, and the relative timing of spreading and stiffening of PLB cells depends on target size: on larger beads, stiffening starts before maximal spreading area is reached but ends after reaching maximal area. On smaller beads, the stiffness begins to increase after cells have engulfed the bead. Similar to PLB cells, primary cells become stiffer on larger beads but start spreading and stiffen faster, and the stiffening begins before the end of spreading on both bead sizes. Our results show that mechanical changes in phagocytes are not a direct consequence of cell spreading and that models of phagocytosis should be amended to account for causes of cell stiffening other than membrane expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zak
- LadHyX, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France; Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Dupré-Crochet
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Elodie Hudik
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Avin Babataheri
- LadHyX, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdul I Barakat
- LadHyX, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Oliver Nüsse
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Julien Husson
- LadHyX, CNRS, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France.
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43
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Mariano A, Lubrano C, Bruno U, Ausilio C, Dinger NB, Santoro F. Advances in Cell-Conductive Polymer Biointerfaces and Role of the Plasma Membrane. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4552-4580. [PMID: 34582168 PMCID: PMC8874911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is often described as a wall, a physical barrier separating the cell cytoplasm from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Yet, this wall is a highly dynamic structure that can stretch, bend, and bud, allowing cells to respond and adapt to their surrounding environment. Inspired by shapes and geometries found in the biological world and exploiting the intrinsic properties of conductive polymers (CPs), several biomimetic strategies based on substrate dimensionality have been tailored in order to optimize the cell-chip coupling. Furthermore, device biofunctionalization through the use of ECM proteins or lipid bilayers have proven successful approaches to further maximize interfacial interactions. As the bio-electronic field aims at narrowing the gap between the electronic and the biological world, the possibility of effectively disguising conductive materials to "trick" cells to recognize artificial devices as part of their biological environment is a promising approach on the road to the seamless platform integration with cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mariano
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Lubrano
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Bruno
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Ausilio
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Nikita Bhupesh Dinger
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
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44
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Nietmann P, Bodenschatz JE, Cordes AM, Gottwald J, Rother-Nöding H, Oswald T, Janshoff A. Epithelial cells fluidize upon adhesion but display mechanical homeostasis in the adherent state. Biophys J 2022; 121:361-373. [PMID: 34998827 PMCID: PMC8822618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy is used to study the viscoelastic properties of epithelial cells in three different states. Force relaxation data are acquired from cells in suspension, adhered but single cells, and polarized cells in a confluent monolayer using different indenter geometries comprising flat bars, pyramidal cones, and spheres. We found that the fluidity of cells increased substantially from the suspended to the adherent state. Along this line, the prestress of suspended cells generated by cortical contractility is also greater than that of cells adhering to a surface. Polarized cells that are part of a confluent monolayer form an apical cap that is soft and fluid enough to respond rapidly to mechanical challenges from wounding, changes in the extracellular matrix, osmotic stress, and external deformation. In contrast to adherent cells, cells in the suspended state show a pronounced dependence of fluidity on the external areal strain. With increasing areal strain, the suspended cells become softer and more fluid. We interpret the results in terms of cytoskeletal remodeling that softens cells in the adherent state to facilitate adhesion and spreading by relieving internal active stress. However, once the cells spread on the surface they maintain their mechanical phenotype displaying viscoelastic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nietmann
- Georg-August Universität, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Andrea M. Cordes
- Georg-August Universität, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jannis Gottwald
- Georg-August Universität, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Helen Rother-Nöding
- Georg-August Universität, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tabea Oswald
- Georg-August Universität, Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Georg-August Universität, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany,Corresponding author
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45
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Song X, Wang Y, Li F, Cao W, Zeng Q, Qin S, Wang Z, Jia J, Xiao J, Hu X, Liu K, Wang Y, Ren Z. Hsp90 Inhibitors Inhibit the Entry of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Into Neuron Cells by Regulating Cofilin-Mediated F-Actin Reorganization. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:799890. [PMID: 35082770 PMCID: PMC8785254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.799890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a common neurotropic virus, the herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) caused by which is considered to be the most common sporadic but fatal encephalitis. Traditional antiviral drugs against HSV-1 are limited to nucleoside analogs targeting viral factors. Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) has potent anti-HSV-1 activities via numerous mechanisms, but the effects of Hsp90 inhibitors on HSV-1 infection in neuronal cells, especially in the phase of virus entry, are still unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the Hsp90 inhibitors on HSV-1 infection of neuronal cells. Interestingly, we found that Hsp90 inhibitors promoted viral adsorption but inhibited subsequent penetration in neuronal cell lines and primary neurons, which jointly confers the antiviral activity of the Hsp90 inhibitors. Mechanically, Hsp90 inhibitors mainly impaired the interaction between Hsp90 and cofilin, resulting in reduced cofilin membrane distribution, which led to F-actin polymerization to promote viral attachment. However, excessive polymerization of F-actin inhibited subsequent viral penetration. Consequently, unidirectional F-actin polymerization limits the entry of HSV-1 virions into neuron cells. Our research extended the molecular mechanism of Hsp90 in HSV-1 infection in neuron cells and provided a theoretical basis for developing antiviral drugs targeting Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Song
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiliang Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Cao
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiongzhen Zeng
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shurong Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoyan Jia
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaisheng Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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46
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Gomis Perez C, Dudzinski NR, Rouches M, Landajuela A, Machta B, Zenisek D, Karatekin E. Rapid propagation of membrane tension at retinal bipolar neuron presynaptic terminals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl4411. [PMID: 34985955 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Many cellular activities, such as cell migration, cell division, phagocytosis, and exo-endocytosis, generate and are regulated by membrane tension gradients. Membrane tension gradients drive membrane flows, but there is controversy over how rapidly plasma membrane flow can relax tension gradients. Here, we show that membrane tension can propagate rapidly or slowly, spanning orders of magnitude in speed, depending on the cell type. In a neuronal terminal specialized for rapid synaptic vesicle turnover, membrane tension equilibrates within seconds. By contrast, membrane tension does not propagate in neuroendocrine adrenal chromaffin cells secreting catecholamines. Stimulation of exocytosis causes a rapid, global decrease in the synaptic terminal membrane tension, which recovers slowly due to endocytosis. Thus, membrane flow and tension equilibration may be adapted to distinct membrane recycling requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gomis Perez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Natasha R Dudzinski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mason Rouches
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ane Landajuela
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Machta
- Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Zenisek
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erdem Karatekin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Université de Paris, SPPIN-Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris F-75006, France
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47
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Kreysing E, Hugh JM, Foster SK, Andresen K, Greenhalgh RD, Pillai EK, Dimitracopoulos A, Keyser UF, Franze K. Effective cell membrane tension is independent of polyacrylamide substrate stiffness. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 2:pgac299. [PMID: 36733291 PMCID: PMC9887938 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Most animal cells are surrounded by a cell membrane and an underlying actomyosin cortex. Both structures are linked, and they are under tension. In-plane membrane tension and cortical tension both influence many cellular processes, including cell migration, division, and endocytosis. However, while actomyosin tension is regulated by substrate stiffness, how membrane tension responds to mechanical substrate properties is currently poorly understood. Here, we probed the effective membrane tension of neurons and fibroblasts cultured on glass and polyacrylamide substrates of varying stiffness using optical tweezers. In contrast to actomyosin-based traction forces, both peak forces and steady-state tether forces of cells cultured on hydrogels were independent of substrate stiffness and did not change after blocking myosin II activity using blebbistatin, indicating that tether and traction forces are not directly linked. Peak forces in fibroblasts on hydrogels were about twice as high as those in neurons, indicating stronger membrane-cortex adhesion in fibroblasts. Steady-state tether forces were generally higher in cells cultured on hydrogels than on glass, which we explain by a mechanical model. Our results provide new insights into the complex regulation of effective membrane tension and pave the way for a deeper understanding of the biological processes it instructs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah K Foster
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK,Systems Biology of Microbial Communities, Cluster of Excellence—CMFI, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kurt Andresen
- Department of Physics, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA
| | - Ryan D Greenhalgh
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Eva K Pillai
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Andrea Dimitracopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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48
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Hyperbolic equations for neuronal membrane deformation waves accompanying an action potential. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 591:26-30. [PMID: 34995982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Experiments show that the propagation of an action potential along an axon is accompanied by mechanical deformations. We describe the mechanisms of the effect using fluid dynamic equations, Laplace's and Hook's laws for surface tension, and Lippmann's law, which relates membrane tension to membrane potential. We derived a minimal, 1-D model, which is a hyperbolic system of equations. Our model qualitatively reproduces the membrane's mechanical deformation evoked by either the propagation of an action potential or the stepwise change of membrane potential. The understanding of the relationship between electrical activity and mechanical deformation provides guidance toward non-invasive imaging of neuronal activity.
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49
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Janmey PA, Hinz B, McCulloch CA. Physics and Physiology of Cell Spreading in Two and Three Dimensions. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:382-391. [PMID: 34704856 PMCID: PMC8560373 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00020.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells spread on surfaces and within three-dimensional (3-D) matrixes as they grow, divide, and move. Both chemical and physical signals orchestrate spreading during normal development, wound healing, and pathological states such as fibrosis and tumor growth. Diverse molecular mechanisms drive different forms of cell spreading. This article discusses mechanisms by which cells spread in 2-D and 3-D and illustrates new directions in studies of this aspect of cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Boris Hinz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Tsujita K, Satow R, Asada S, Nakamura Y, Arnes L, Sako K, Fujita Y, Fukami K, Itoh T. Homeostatic membrane tension constrains cancer cell dissemination by counteracting BAR protein assembly. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5930. [PMID: 34635648 PMCID: PMC8505629 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignancy is associated with changes in cell mechanics that contribute to extensive cell deformation required for metastatic dissemination. We hypothesized that the cell-intrinsic physical factors that maintain epithelial cell mechanics could function as tumor suppressors. Here we show, using optical tweezers, genetic interference, mechanical perturbations, and in vivo studies, that epithelial cells maintain higher plasma membrane (PM) tension than their metastatic counterparts and that high PM tension potently inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion by counteracting membrane curvature sensing/generating BAR family proteins. This tensional homeostasis is achieved by membrane-to-cortex attachment (MCA) regulated by ERM proteins, whose disruption spontaneously transforms epithelial cells into a mesenchymal migratory phenotype powered by BAR proteins. Consistently, the forced expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inducing transcription factors results in decreased PM tension. In metastatic cells, increasing PM tension by manipulating MCA is sufficient to suppress both mesenchymal and amoeboid 3D migration, tumor invasion, and metastasis by compromising membrane-mediated mechanosignaling by BAR proteins, thereby uncovering a previously undescribed mechanical tumor suppressor mechanism. Changes in cell mechanics contribute to cancer cell dissemination. Here the authors show that high plasma membrane (PM) tension inhibits cancer dissemination by counteracting mechanosensitive BAR family protein assembly, while restoration of PM tension phenotypically convert malignant cells into a non-motile epithelial cell state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Tsujita
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan. .,Division of Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan. .,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.
| | - Reiko Satow
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shinobu Asada
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Luis Arnes
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), Biotech Research & Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Keisuke Sako
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Fukami
- Laboratory of Genome and Biosignals, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Toshiki Itoh
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.,Division of Membrane Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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