1
|
Kümmerl P, Lellig S, Navidi Kashani AH, Hans M, Pöllmann PJ, Löfler L, Nayak GK, Holzapfel DM, Kolozsvári S, Polcik P, Schweizer P, Primetzhofer D, Michler J, Schneider JM. Improved oxidation behavior of Hf 0.11Al 0.20B 0.69 in comparison to Hf 0.28B 0.72 magnetron sputtered thin films. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21653. [PMID: 39289363 PMCID: PMC11408622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The oxidation resistance of Hf0.28B0.72 and Hf0.11Al0.20B0.69 thin films was investigated comparatively at 700 °C for up to 8 h. Single-phase solid solution thin films were co-sputtered from HfB2 and AlB2 compound targets. After oxidation at 700 °C for 8 h an oxide scale thickness of 31 ± 2 nm was formed on Hf0.11Al0.20B0.69 which corresponds to 14% of the scale thickness measured on Hf0.28B0.72. The improved oxidation resistance can be rationalized based on the chemical composition and the morphology of the formed oxide scales. On Hf0.28B0.72 the formation of a porous, O, Hf, and B-containing scale and the formation of crystalline HfO2 is observed. Whereas on Hf0.11Al0.20B0.69 a dense, primarily amorphous scale containing O, Al, B as well as approximately 3 at% of Hf forms, which reduces the oxidation kinetics significantly by passivation. Benchmarking Hf0.11Al0.20B0.69 with Ti-Al-based boride and nitride thin films with similar Al concentrations reveals superior oxidation behavior of the Hf-Al-based thin film. The incorporation of few at% of Hf in the oxide scale decelerates oxidation kinetics at 700 °C and leads to a reduction in oxide scale thickness of 21% and 47% compared to Ti0.12Al0.21B0.67 and Ti0.27Al0.21N0.52, respectively. Contrary to Ti-Al-based diborides, Hf0.11Al0.20B0.69 shows excellent oxidation behavior despite B-richness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Kümmerl
- Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Lellig
- Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, 3602, Thun, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcus Hans
- Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter J Pöllmann
- Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Löfler
- Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ganesh Kumar Nayak
- Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Damian M Holzapfel
- Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Szilárd Kolozsvári
- Plansee Composite Materials GmbH, Siebenbürgerstr. 23, 86963, Lechbruck am See, Germany
| | - Peter Polcik
- Plansee Composite Materials GmbH, Siebenbürgerstr. 23, 86963, Lechbruck am See, Germany
| | - Peter Schweizer
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, 3602, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Primetzhofer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johann Michler
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, 3602, Thun, Switzerland
| | - Jochen M Schneider
- Materials Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Kopernikusstr. 10, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mopoung K, Ektarawong A, Bovornratanaraks T, Alling B. First-principles demonstration of band filling-induced significant improvement in thermodynamic stability and mechanical properties of Sc[Formula: see text]Ta[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text] solid solutions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10504. [PMID: 37380870 PMCID: PMC10307902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixtures of different metal diborides in the form of solid solutions are promising materials for hard-coating applications. Herein, we study the mixing thermodynamics and the mechanical properties of AlB[Formula: see text]-structured Sc[Formula: see text]Ta[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text] solid solutions using the first-principles method, based on the density functional theory, and the cluster-expansion formalism. Our thermodynamic investigation reveals that the two diborides readily mix with one another to form a continuous series of stable solid solutions in the pseudo-binary TaB[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]ScB[Formula: see text] system even at absolute zero. Interestingly, the elastic moduli as well as the hardness of the solid solutions show significant positive deviations from the linear Vegard's rule evaluated between those of ScB[Formula: see text] and TaB[Formula: see text]. In case of Sc[Formula: see text]Ta[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text], the degrees of deviation from such linear trends can be as large as 25, 20, and 40% for the shear modulus, the Young's modulus, and the hardness, respectively. The improvement in the stability as well as the mechanical properties of Sc[Formula: see text]Ta[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text] solid solutions relative to their constituent compounds is found to be related to the effect of electronic band filling, induced upon mixing TaB[Formula: see text] with ScB[Formula: see text]. These findings not only demonstrate the prominent role of band filling in enhancing the stability and the mechanical properties of Sc[Formula: see text]Ta[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text], but also it can potentially open up a possibility for designing stable/metastable metal diboride-based solid solutions with superior and widely tunable mechanical properties for hard-coating applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunpot Mopoung
- Extreme Condition Physics Research Laboratory and Center of Excellence in Physics of Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Annop Ektarawong
- Extreme Condition Physics Research Laboratory and Center of Excellence in Physics of Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
- Chula Intelligent and Complex Systems, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Thiti Bovornratanaraks
- Extreme Condition Physics Research Laboratory and Center of Excellence in Physics of Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Björn Alling
- Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Z, Zhao B, Wang L, Tao Q, Zhu P. Mechanical properties and multifunctionality of AlB 2-type transition metal diborides . JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 35:074002. [PMID: 36541538 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aca85f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal diborides (TMdBs,P6/mmm, AlB2-type) have attracted much attention for decades, due to TMdBs can be conductors, superconductors, magnetism materials, and catalysts. The layered structure caused by the borophene subunit is the source of functions and also makes TMdBs a potential bank of Mbene. However, TMdBs also exhibit high hardness which is not supposed to have in the layered structure. The high hardness of TMdBs arises from covalent bonds of boron-boron (B-B) and strongp-dorbit hybridization of B and TM. While strong B-TM bonds will eliminate the layered structure which may damage the functional properties. Understanding the basic mechanism of hardness and function is significant to achieve optimal TMdBs. This work summarizes the basic properties of TMdBs including hardness, superconductor, and catalytic properties. It can be found that Young's modulus (E) and Shear modulus (G) are beneficial for the hardness of TMdBs and the Poisson's ratio is the opposite. Increasing the atomic radius of TM brings an improvement in the hardness of TMdBs before it reaches the highest value of 1.47 Å, beyond which hardness decreases. Besides, TMdBs also have excellent activity comparable with some noble metals for hydrogen evolution reaction, which is closely related to the d-band center. More importantly, higher valence electron concentrations were found to be adverse to the hardness and superconductivity of TMdBs and greatly affect their catalytic properties. This review is of guiding significance for further exploring the relationship between structures and properties of TMdBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Malinovskis P, Fritze S, Palisaitis J, Lewin E, Patscheider J, Persson POÅ, Jansson U. Synthesis and Characterisation of Nanocomposite Mo-Fe-B Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071739. [PMID: 33916188 PMCID: PMC8037313 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several ternary phases are known in the Mo-Fe-B system. Previous ab initio calculations have predicted that they should exhibit a tempting mix of mechanical and magnetic properties. In this study, we have deposited Mo-Fe-B films with a Fe-content varying from 0–37 at.% using non-reactive DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering. The phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and nanoindentation measurements. Films deposited at 300 °C and with >7 at.% Fe are nanocomposites consisting of two amorphous phases: a metal-rich phase and a metal-deficient phase. Hardness and elastic modulus were reduced with increasing Fe-content from ~29 to ~19 GPa and ~526 to ~353 GPa, respectively. These values result in H3/E2 ratios of 0.089–0.052 GPa, thereby indicating brittle behaviour of the films. Also, no indication of crystalline ternary phases was observed at temperatures up to 600 °C, suggesting that higher temperatures are required for such films to form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulius Malinovskis
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.F.); (E.L.); (U.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefan Fritze
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.F.); (E.L.); (U.J.)
| | - Justinas Palisaitis
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Thin Film Physics Division, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; (J.P.); (P.O.Å.P.)
| | - Erik Lewin
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.F.); (E.L.); (U.J.)
| | | | - Per O. Å. Persson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (IFM), Thin Film Physics Division, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; (J.P.); (P.O.Å.P.)
| | - Ulf Jansson
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.F.); (E.L.); (U.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
The demand to discover new materials is scientifically as well as industrially a continuously present topic, covering all different fields of application. The recent scientific work on thin film materials has shown, that especially for nitride-based protective coatings, computationally-driven understanding and modelling serves as a reliable trend-giver and can be used for target-oriented experiments. In this study, semi-automated density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used, to sweep across transition metal diborides in order to characterize their structure, phase stability and mechanical properties. We show that early transition metal diborides (TiB2, VB2, etc.) tend to be chemically more stable in the AlB2 structure type, whereas late transition metal diborides (WB2, ReB2, etc.) are preferably stabilized in the W2B5−x structure type. Closely related, we could prove that point defects such as vacancies significantly influence the phase stability and even can reverse the preference for the AlB2 or W2B5−x structure. Furthermore, investigations on the brittle-ductile behavior of the various diborides reveal, that the metastable structures are more ductile than their stable counterparts (WB2, TcB2, etc.). To design thin film materials, e.g. ternary or layered systems, this study is important for application oriented coating development to focus experimental studies on the most perspective systems.
Collapse
|
6
|
Room Temperature Corrosion Behavior of ZrB2-HfB2 Solid Solutions in Acidic and Basic Aqueous Environments. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|