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Fernández-Paz E, Fernández-Paz C, Barrios-Esteban S, Santalices I, Csaba N, Remuñán-López C. Dry powders containing chitosan-based nanocapsules for pulmonary administration: Adjustment of spray-drying process and in vitro evaluation in A549 cells. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Furlani F, Rossi A, Grimaudo MA, Bassi G, Giusto E, Molinari F, Lista F, Montesi M, Panseri S. Controlled Liposome Delivery from Chitosan-Based Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020894. [PMID: 35055097 PMCID: PMC8776110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes the development of an injectable nanocomposite system based on a chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel combined with liposomes for regenerative medicine applications. Liposomes with good physicochemical properties are prepared and embedded within the chitosan network. The resulting nanocomposite hydrogel is able to provide a controlled release of the content from liposomes, which are able to interact with cells and be internalized. The cellular uptake is enhanced by the presence of a chitosan coating, and cells incubated with liposomes embedded within thermosensitive hydrogels displayed a higher cell uptake compared to cells incubated with liposomes alone. Furthermore, the gelation temperature of the system resulted to be equal to 32.6 °C; thus, the system can be easily injected in the target site to form a hydrogel at physiological temperature. Given the peculiar performance of the selected systems, the resulting thermosensitive hydrogels are a versatile platform and display potential applications as controlled delivery systems of liposomes for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Furlani
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC-CNR), Via Granarolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy; (A.R.); (M.A.G.); (G.B.); (E.G.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (S.P.); Tel.: +39-0546-699-776 (F.F.); +39-0546-699-785 (S.P.)
| | - Arianna Rossi
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC-CNR), Via Granarolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy; (A.R.); (M.A.G.); (G.B.); (E.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Aurora Grimaudo
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC-CNR), Via Granarolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy; (A.R.); (M.A.G.); (G.B.); (E.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Giada Bassi
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC-CNR), Via Granarolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy; (A.R.); (M.A.G.); (G.B.); (E.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Elena Giusto
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC-CNR), Via Granarolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy; (A.R.); (M.A.G.); (G.B.); (E.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Filippo Molinari
- Army Medical Center, Scientific Department, I-00184 Rome, Italy; (F.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Florigio Lista
- Army Medical Center, Scientific Department, I-00184 Rome, Italy; (F.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Monica Montesi
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC-CNR), Via Granarolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy; (A.R.); (M.A.G.); (G.B.); (E.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Silvia Panseri
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC-CNR), Via Granarolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy; (A.R.); (M.A.G.); (G.B.); (E.G.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (S.P.); Tel.: +39-0546-699-776 (F.F.); +39-0546-699-785 (S.P.)
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Dubey SK, Bhatt T, Agrawal M, Saha RN, Saraf S, Saraf S, Alexander A. Application of chitosan modified nanocarriers in breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:521-538. [PMID: 34822820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As per the WHO, every year around 2.1 million women are detected with breast cancer. It is one of the most invasive cancer in women and second most among all, contributing around 15% of death worldwide. The available anticancer therapies including chemo, radio, and hormone therapy are associated with a high load of reversible and irreversible adverse effects, limited therapeutic efficacy, and low chances of quality survival. To minimize the side effects, improving therapeutic potency and patient compliance promising targeted therapies are highly desirable. In this sequence, various nanocarriers and target modified systems have been explored by researchers throughout the world. Among these chitosan-based nanocarriers offers one of the most interesting, flexible, and biocompatible systems. The unique characteristics of chitosan like surface flexibility, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, non-toxic and cost-effective behavior assist to overcome the inadequacy of existing therapy. The present review throws light on the successes, failures, and current status of chitosan modified novel techniques for tumor targeting of bioactives. It also emphasizes the molecular classification of breast cancer and current clinical development of novel therapies. The review compiles most relevant works of the past 10 years focusing on the application of chitosan-based nanocarrier against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, 700056 Kolkata, India; Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Tanya Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Hyderabad, India, 509301
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, 781101 Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Microencapsulated Chitosan-Based Nanocapsules: A New Platform for Pulmonary Gene Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091377. [PMID: 34575452 PMCID: PMC8472419 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we propose chitosan (CS)-based nanocapsules (NCs) for pulmonary gene delivery. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was incorporated in the NCs composition (HA/CS NCs) aiming to promote gene transfection in the lung epithelium. NCs were loaded with a model plasmid (pCMV-βGal) to easily evaluate their transfection capacity. The plasmid encapsulation efficiencies were of approx. 90%. To facilitate their administration to the lungs, the plasmid-loaded NCs were microencapsulated in mannitol (Ma) microspheres (MS) using a simple spray-drying technique, obtaining dry powders of adequate properties. In vivo, the MS reached the deep lung, where the plasmid-loaded CS-based NCs were released and transfected the alveolar cells more homogeneously than the control formulation of plasmid directly microencapsulated in Ma MS. The HA-containing formulation achieved the highest transfection efficiency, in a more extended area and more homogeneously distributed than the rest of tested formulations. The new micro-nanostructured platform proposed in this work represents an efficient strategy for the delivery of genetic material to the lung, with great potential for the treatment of genetic lung diseases.
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Carboxymethyl-β-glucan/chitosan nanoparticles: new thermostable and efficient carriers for antigen delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1689-1702. [PMID: 33797035 PMCID: PMC8015750 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00968-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, nanotechnology has emerged as an important tool aimed at enhancing the immune response against modern antigens. Nanocarriers designed specifically for this purpose have been shown to provide protection, stability, and controlled release properties to proteins, peptides, and polynucleotide-based antigens. Polysaccharides are particularly interesting biomaterials for the construction of these nanocarriers given their wide distribution among pathogens, which facilitates their recognition by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In this work, we focused on an immunostimulant beta-glucan derivative, carboxymethyl-β-glucan, to prepare a novel nanocarrier in combination with chitosan. The resulting carboxymethyl-β-glucan/chitosan nanoparticles exhibited adequate physicochemical properties and an important protein association efficiency, with ovalbumin as a model compound. Moreover, thermostability was achieved through the optimization of a lyophilized form of the antigen-loaded nanoparticles, which remained stable for up to 1 month at 40 ºC. Biodistribution studies in mice showed an efficient drainage of the nanoparticles to the nearest lymph node following subcutaneous injection, and a significant co-localization with dendritic cells. Additionally, subcutaneous immunization of mice with a single dose of the ovalbumin-loaded nanoparticles led to induced T cell proliferation and antibody responses, comparable to those achieved with alum-adsorbed ovalbumin. These results illustrate the potential of these novel nanocarriers in vaccination.
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Production, characterization and application of nanocarriers made of polysaccharides, proteins, bio-polyesters and other biopolymers: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:3088-3105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Characterization of Chitosan/Hyaluronan Complex Coacervates Assembled by Varying Polymers Weight Ratio and Chitosan Physical-Chemical Composition. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids4010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we synthetized and characterized polysaccharide-based complex coacervates starting from two water-soluble biopolymers, i.e., hydrochloride chitosans and sodium hyaluronan. We used chitosans encompassing a range of molecular weights from 30,000 to 400,000 and showing different fraction of acetylated units (i.e., FA = 0.16, 0.46, and 0.63). This set of chitosans was mixed with a low molecular weight hyaluronan to promote electrostatic interactions. Resulting colloids were analyzed in terms of size, polydispersity and surface charge by Dynamic Light Scattering. The weight ratio between the two polyelectrolytes was studied as additional parameter influencing the liquid-liquid phase separation. Main results include the following: the polymers weight ratio was fundamental in dictating the colloids surface charge, whereas chitosan physical-chemical features influenced the dimension and homogeneity of colloids. This contribution presents additional understanding of the complex coacervation between these two oppositely charged polysaccharides, with the potential translation of present system in food and biomedical sectors.
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On the Formation and Stability of Chitosan/Hyaluronan-Based Complex Coacervates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25051071. [PMID: 32121005 PMCID: PMC7179103 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This contribution is aimed at extending our previous findings on the formation and stability of chitosan/hyaluronan-based complex coacervates. Colloids are herewith formed by harnessing electrostatic interactions between the two polyelectrolytes. The presence of tiny amounts of the multivalent anion tripolyphosphate (TPP) in the protocol synthesis serves as an adjuvant “point-like” cross-linker for chitosan. Hydrochloride chitosans at different viscosity average molar mass, Mv¯, in the range 10,000–400,000 g/mol, and fraction of acetylated units, FA, (0.16, 0.46 and 0.63) were selected to fabricate a large library of formulations. Concepts such as coacervate size, surface charge and homogeneity in relation to chitosan variables are herein disclosed. The stability of coacervates in Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) was verified by means of scattering techniques, i.e., Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS). The conclusions from this set of experiments are the following: (i) a subtle equilibrium between chitosan FA and Mv¯ does exist in ensuring colloidal stability; (ii) once diluted in PBS, osmotic swelling-driven forces trigger the enlargement of the polymeric mesh with an ensuing increase of coacervate size and porosity.
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Reimondez-Troitiño S, González-Aramundiz JV, Ruiz-Bañobre J, López-López R, Alonso MJ, Csaba N, de la Fuente M. Versatile protamine nanocapsules to restore miR-145 levels and interfere tumor growth in colorectal cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:449-459. [PMID: 31326581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role on gene expression regulation contributing to cell homeostasis, and they are highly dysregulated in cancer. Consequently, miRNA-based therapies are an attractive approach to develop novel anticancer strategies. The main objective of this work was to explore the full potential of protamine nanocapsules (Pr NCs) to develop an anticancer therapy based on the restoration of oncosuppressor miR-145, downregulated in colorectal cancer cells. The composition of Pr NCs was defined based on the selection of surfactants, and protamine that would enable an efficient association and intracellular delivery of miRNA mimics according to the layer-by-layer approach, and the encapsulation of curcumin within the oily core. After exposure of colorectal cancer cells with (i) miR-145 and (ii) curcumin-loaded Pr NCs, a strong increase in the intracellular levels of miR-145, which translated into a decreased cell proliferation rate and migration capacity of the treated cells, was observed. The potential of exploiting Pr NCs for the co-delivery of both biomolecules, miRNAs and curcumin, has also been proved. All together, here we evaluate the possibility to use Pr NCs to efficiently increase the intracellular levels of the oncosuppressor miR-145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Reimondez-Troitiño
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José V González-Aramundiz
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436 Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Ruiz-Bañobre
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael López-López
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María J Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - María de la Fuente
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Furlani F, Sacco P, Decleva E, Menegazzi R, Donati I, Paoletti S, Marsich E. Chitosan Acetylation Degree Influences the Physical Properties of Polysaccharide Nanoparticles: Implication for the Innate Immune Cells Response. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:9794-9803. [PMID: 30768897 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present contribution is twofold as it reports (i) on the role played by chitosan acetylation degree for the stability of nanoparticles (NPs) formed with hyaluronan and (ii) on the effect of the interaction of such NPs with immune cells. Chitosans with similar viscosity-average molecular weight, [Formula: see text], (i.e., 200 000) and different fractions of acetylated units ( FA) together with low-molecular-weight hyaluronan were chosen for developing a select library of formulations via electrostatic complex coacervation. The resulting NPs were analyzed in terms of size, polydispersity, surface charge, and stability in physiological-mimicked media by dynamic light scattering. Only medium acetylated chitosan ( FA = 0.16) guaranteed the stability of NPs. To explore the effect of NPs interaction with immune cells, the release of proinflammatory cytokines and the reactive oxygen species production by human macrophages and neutrophils, respectively, were evaluated. Strikingly, a structure-function relationship emerged, showing that NPs made of chitosans with FA = 0.02, 0.25, 0.46, and 0.63 manifested a proinflammatory activity, linked to the instability of the system. Conversely, NPs made of chitosan with FA = 0.16 neither modified the functional response of macrophages nor that of neutrophils. Of note, such NPs were found to possess additional properties potentially advantageous in applications such as delivery of therapeutics to target inflamed sites: (i) they are devoid of cytotoxic effects, (ii) they avoid engulfment during the early stage of interaction with macrophages, and (iii) they are muco-adhesive, thereby providing for site-specificity and long-residence effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Furlani
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 5 , I-34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 5 , I-34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Eva Decleva
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 5 , I-34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Renzo Menegazzi
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 5 , I-34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 5 , I-34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Via L. Giorgieri 5 , I-34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences , University of Trieste , Piazza dell'Ospitale 1 , I-34129 Trieste , Italy
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Deng RH, Qiu B, Zhou PH. Chitosan/hyaluronic acid/plasmid-DNA nanoparticles encoding interleukin-1 receptor antagonist attenuate inflammation in synoviocytes induced by interleukin-1 beta. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:155. [PMID: 30276528 PMCID: PMC6182723 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Synovial inflammation mainly resulting from interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) plays a crucial role in the early and late stage of osteoarthritis. Recent progress in therapeutic gene delivery systems has led to promising strategies for local sustained target gene expression. The aim of this study was to design a nanoparticle made of chitosan (CS)/hyaluronic acid (HA)/plasmid-DNA (pDNA) encoding IL-1 receptor antagonist gene (pIL-1Ra) and furtherly use it to transfect the primary synoviocytes, and then investigate whether CS/HA/pIL-1Ra nanoparticles could make the synoviocytes overexpress functional IL-1Ra to attenuate inflammation induced by IL-1β. In this study, CS was modified with HA to generate CS/HA nanoparticles and then combined with pIL-1Ra to form CS/HA/pIL-1Ra nanoparticles. The physicochemical characteristics results showed that CS/HA nanoparticles exhibited an appropriate particle size (144.9 ± 2.8 nm) and positive zeta potential ( + 28 mV). The gel retardation assay revealed that pDNA was effectively protected and released in a sustained manner more than 15 days. Cytotoxicity results showed that CS/HA/pIL-1Ra nanoparticles had a safe range (0-80 μg/ml) for the application to synoviocytes. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis demonstrated that CS/HA/pIL-1Ra nanoparticles were able to increase IL-1Ra expression in primary synoviocytes, and reduce the mRNA and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in IL-1β-induced synoviocytes. Our findings indicated that CS/HA/pIL-1Ra nanoparticles efficiently transfected synoviocytes and attenuated synovitis induced by IL-1β, which will provide a potential strategy for OA synovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hui Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Ziyang Road 99, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Ziyang Road 99, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Pang-Hu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Ziyang Road 99, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Sacco P, Furlani F, De Marzo G, Marsich E, Paoletti S, Donati I. Concepts for Developing Physical Gels of Chitosan and of Chitosan Derivatives. Gels 2018; 4:E67. [PMID: 30674843 PMCID: PMC6209275 DOI: 10.3390/gels4030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan macro- and micro/nano-gels have gained increasing attention in recent years, especially in the biomedical field, given the well-documented low toxicity, degradability, and non-immunogenicity of this unique biopolymer. In this review we aim at recapitulating the recent gelling concepts for developing chitosan-based physical gels. Specifically, we describe how nowadays it is relatively simple to prepare networks endowed with different sizes and shapes simply by exploiting physical interactions, namely (i) hydrophobic effects and hydrogen bonds-mostly governed by chitosan chemical composition-and (ii) electrostatic interactions, mainly ensured by physical/chemical chitosan features, such as the degree of acetylation and molecular weight, and external parameters, such as pH and ionic strength. Particular emphasis is dedicated to potential applications of this set of materials, especially in tissue engineering and drug delivery sectors. Lastly, we report on chitosan derivatives and their ability to form gels. Additionally, we discuss the recent findings on a lactose-modified chitosan named Chitlac, which has proved to form attractive gels both at the macro- and at the nano-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Franco Furlani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Gaia De Marzo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, I-34125 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Gheran CV, Rigaux G, Callewaert M, Berquand A, Molinari M, Chuburu F, Voicu SN, Dinischiotu A. Biocompatibility of Gd-Loaded Chitosan-Hyaluronic Acid Nanogels as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Cancer Imaging. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8040201. [PMID: 29597306 PMCID: PMC5923531 DOI: 10.3390/nano8040201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the research on nanogels incorporating Gd chelates for theranostic applications has grown exponentially in recent years, knowledge about their biocompatibility is limited. We compared the biocompatibility of Gd-loaded hyaluronic acid-chitosan-based nanogels (GdCA⊂CS-TPP/HA) with two chitosan concentrations (2.5 and 1.5 mg·mL−1 respectively) using SVEC4-10 murine lymph node endothelial cells. The sulforhodamine B method and released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were used as cell viability tests. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods. Nrf-2 protein expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis and genotoxicity by alkaline comet assay. After 24 h, the cells viability was not affected by all types and doses of nanogels. The increase of ROS induced a low decrease of GSH concentration and a time-dependent raise of MDA one was produced by citric GdDOTA⊂CS-TPP/HA with a chitosan concentration of 1.5 mg·mL−1, at the highest dose applied. None of the tested nanogels induced changes in Nrf-2 protein expression. A slight but significant genotoxic effect was caused only by citric GdDOTA⊂CS-TPP/HA where CS concentration was 1.5 mg·mL−1. Our results showed a better biocompatibility with lymph node endothelial cells for Gd-loaded hyaluronic acid-chitosan based nanogels with a concentration in chitosan of 2.5 mg·mL−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Virginia Gheran
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Guillaume Rigaux
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Maité Callewaert
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Alexandre Berquand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences-EA 4682, Plate-forme Nano'Mat, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Michael Molinari
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences-EA 4682, Plate-forme Nano'Mat, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Françoise Chuburu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne URCA, F-51685 Reims CEDEX 2, France.
| | - Sorina Nicoleta Voicu
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Titu Maiorescu University, 004051 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania.
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Gutiérrez-Lovera C, Vázquez-Ríos AJ, Guerra-Varela J, Sánchez L, de la Fuente M. The Potential of Zebrafish as a Model Organism for Improving the Translation of Genetic Anticancer Nanomedicines. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E349. [PMID: 29182542 PMCID: PMC5748667 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, the field of nanomedicine applied to cancer has revolutionized cancer treatment: several nanoformulations have already reached the market and are routinely being used in the clinical practice. In the case of genetic nanomedicines, i.e., designed to deliver gene therapies to cancer cells for therapeutic purposes, advances have been less impressive. This is because of the many barriers that limit the access of the therapeutic nucleic acids to their target site, and the lack of models that would allow for an improvement in the understanding of how nanocarriers can be tailored to overcome them. Zebrafish has important advantages as a model species for the study of anticancer therapies, and have a lot to offer regarding the rational development of efficient delivery of genetic nanomedicines, and hence increasing the chances of their successful translation. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent advances in the development of genetic anticancer nanomedicines, and of the zebrafish models that stand as promising tools to shed light on their mechanisms of action and overall potential in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gutiérrez-Lovera
- Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology Department Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain.
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - A J Vázquez-Ríos
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - J Guerra-Varela
- Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology Department Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain.
- Geneaqua S.L., Lugo 27002, Spain.
| | - L Sánchez
- Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology Department Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain.
| | - M de la Fuente
- Nano-Oncology Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), CIBERONC, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
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Sacco P, Decleva E, Tentor F, Menegazzi R, Borgogna M, Paoletti S, Kristiansen KA, Vårum KM, Marsich E. Butyrate-Loaded Chitosan/Hyaluronan Nanoparticles: A Suitable Tool for Sustained Inhibition of ROS Release by Activated Neutrophils. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [PMID: 28869330 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue damage caused by excessive amounts of neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs in many inflammatory diseases. Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) with known anti-inflammatory properties, able to modulate several neutrophil functions. Evidence is provided here that butyrate inhibits neutrophil ROS release in a dose and time-dependent fashion. Given the short half-life of butyrate, chitosan/hyaluronan nanoparticles are next designed and developed as controlled release carriers able to provide cells with a long-lasting supply of this SCFA. Notably, while the inhibition of neutrophil ROS production by free butyrate declines over time, that of butyrate-loaded chitosan/hyaluronan nanoparticles (B-NPs) is sustained. Additional valuable features of these nanoparticles are inherent ROS scavenger activity, resistance to cell internalization, and mucoadhesiveness. B-NPs appear as promising tools to limit ROS-dependent tissue injury during inflammation. Particularly, by virtue of their mucoadhesiveness, B-NPs administered by enema can be effective in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Sacco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eva Decleva
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Tentor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 345C, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Renzo Menegazzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Borgogna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 5, I-34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kåre Andre Kristiansen
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjell Morten Vårum
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, I-34129, Trieste, Italy
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Lallana E, Rios de la Rosa JM, Tirella A, Pelliccia M, Gennari A, Stratford IJ, Puri S, Ashford M, Tirelli N. Chitosan/Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles: Rational Design Revisited for RNA Delivery. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2422-2436. [PMID: 28597662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan/hyaluronic acid (HA) nanoparticles can be used to deliver an RNA/DNA cargo to cells overexpressing HA receptors such as CD44. For these systems, unequivocal links have not been established yet between chitosan macromolecular (molecular weight; degree of deacetylation, i.e., charge density) and nanoparticle variables (complexation strength, i.e., stability; nucleic acid protection; internalization rate) on one hand, and transfection efficiency on the other hand. Here, we have focused on the role of avidity on transfection efficiency in the CD44-expressing HCT-116 as a cellular model; we have employed two differently sized payloads (a large luciferase-encoding mRNA and a much smaller anti-Luc siRNA), and a small library of chitosans (variable molecular weight and degree of deactylation). The RNA avidity for chitosan showed-as expected-an inverse relationship: higher avidity-higher polyplex stability-lower transfection efficiency. The avidity of chitosan for RNA appears to lead to opposite effects: higher avidity-higher polyplex stability but also higher transfection efficiency. Surprisingly, the best transfecting particles were those with the lowest propensity for RNA release, although this might be a misleading relationship: for example, the same macromolecular parameters that increase avidity can also boost chitosan's endosomolytic activity, with a strong enhancement in transfection. The performance of these nonviral vectors appears therefore difficult to predict simply on the basis of carrier- or payload-related variables, and a more holistic consideration of the journey of the nanoparticle, from cell uptake to cytosolic bioavailability of payload, is needed. It is also noteworthy that the nanoparticles used in this study showed optimal performance under slightly acidic conditions (pH 6.4), which is promising for applications in a tumoral extracellular environment. It is also worth pointing out that under these conditions we have for the first time successfully delivered mRNA with chitosan/HA nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Lallana
- NorthWest Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Julio M Rios de la Rosa
- NorthWest Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Tirella
- NorthWest Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Pelliccia
- NorthWest Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Arianna Gennari
- NorthWest Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J Stratford
- NorthWest Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Sanyogitta Puri
- Innovative Medicines-Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca , Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Ashford
- Innovative Medicines-Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca , Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- NorthWest Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD), School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Hyaluronate nanoparticles included in polymer films for the prolonged release of vitamin E for the management of skin wounds. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 83:203-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Sipoli CC, Radaic A, Santana N, de Jesus MB, de la Torre LG. Chitosan nanoparticles produced with the gradual temperature decrease technique for sustained gene delivery. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sipoli CC, Santana N, Shimojo AAM, Azzoni A, de la Torre LG. Scalable production of highly concentrated chitosan/TPP nanoparticles in different pHs and evaluation of the in vitro transfection efficiency. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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20
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Zhang Y, Hu Y, Luo Z, Shen X, Mu C, Cai K. Simultaneous delivery of BMP-2 factor and anti-osteoporotic drugs using hyaluronan-assembled nanocomposite for synergistic regulation on the behaviors of osteoblasts and osteoclastsin vitro. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2015; 26:290-310. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2014.998588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Yang L, Gao S, Asghar S, Liu G, Song J, Wang X, Ping Q, Zhang C, Xiao Y. Hyaluronic acid/chitosan nanoparticles for delivery of curcuminoid and its in vitro evaluation in glioma cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 72:1391-401. [PMID: 25450553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PENPs) based on hyaluronic acid/chitosan (HA/CS) as carriers for water-insoluble curcuminoid (CUR) and explore in vitro performance against brain glioma cells. PENPs were observed to be affected by the order of addition, mass ratios and initial concentrations of the HA/CS, pH and ionic strength. PENPs remained stable over a temperature range of 5–-55(C. CUR was successfully encapsulated into the PENPs. CUR-PENPs showed spherical shape with a mean diameter of 207 nm and positive charge of 25.37 mV. High encapsulation efficiency (89.9%) and drug loading (6.5%) was achieved. Drug release studies revealed initial burst release of drug from the PENPs up to 4h followed by sustained release pattern. DSC thermograms and XRD patterns showed that CUR was encapsulated inside the PENPs in a molecular or amorphous state. Compared with CUR-solution, CUR-PENPs showed stronger dose dependent cytotoxicity against C6 glioma cells and higher performance in uptake efficiency in C6 cells. Cellular uptake of CUR-PENPs was found to be governed by multi-mechanism in C6 cells, involving active endocytosis, macropinocytosis, clathrin-, caveolae-, and CD44-mediated endocytosis. In conclusion, CUR-PENPs might be a promising carrier for therapy of brain gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shiya Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Guihua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jue Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qineng Ping
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yanyu Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Deng X, Cao M, Zhang J, Hu K, Yin Z, Zhou Z, Xiao X, Yang Y, Sheng W, Wu Y, Zeng Y. Hyaluronic acid-chitosan nanoparticles for co-delivery of MiR-34a and doxorubicin in therapy against triple negative breast cancer. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4333-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Effect of preparation parameters on ultra low molecular weight chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:642-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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de Paula Pansani Oliveira F, Dalla Picola IP, Shi Q, Barbosa HFG, Tiera VADO, Fernandes JC, Tiera MJ. Synthesis and evaluation of diethylethylamine-chitosan for gene delivery: composition effects on the in vitro transfection efficiency. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:055101. [PMID: 23306549 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/5/055101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan has been indicated as a safe and promising polycation vector for gene delivery. However its low transfection efficiency has been a challenging obstacle for its application. To address this limitation, we synthesized chitosan derivatives which had increasing amounts of diethylethylamine groups (DEAE) attached to the chitosan main chain. The plasmid DNA VR1412 (pDNA), encoding the ß-galactosidase (ß-gal) reporter gene was used to prepare nanoparticles with the chitosan derivatives, and the transfection studies were performed with HeLa cells. By means of dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements, it was shown that diethylethylamine-chitosan derivatives (DEAE(x)-CH) were able to condense DNA into small particles having a surface charge depending on the polymer/DNA ratio (N/P ratio). Nanoparticles prepared with derivatives containing 15 and 25% of DEAE groups (DEAE(15)-CH and DEAE(25)-CH) exhibited transfection efficiencies ten times higher than that observed with deacetylated chitosan (CH). For derivatives with higher degrees of substitution (DS), transfection efficiency decreased. The most effective carriers showed low cytotoxicity and good transfection activities at low charge ratios (N/P). Vectors with low DS were easily degraded in the presence of lysozyme at physiological conditions in vitro and the nontoxicity displayed by these vectors opens up new opportunities in the design of DEAE-chitosan-based nanoparticles for gene delivery.
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Nitta SK, Numata K. Biopolymer-based nanoparticles for drug/gene delivery and tissue engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1629-54. [PMID: 23344060 PMCID: PMC3565338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a great interest in application of nanoparticles as biomaterials for delivery of therapeutic molecules such as drugs and genes, and for tissue engineering. In particular, biopolymers are suitable materials as nanoparticles for clinical application due to their versatile traits, including biocompatibility, biodegradability and low immunogenicity. Biopolymers are polymers that are produced from living organisms, which are classified in three groups: polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids. It is important to control particle size, charge, morphology of surface and release rate of loaded molecules to use biopolymer-based nanoparticles as drug/gene delivery carriers. To obtain a nano-carrier for therapeutic purposes, a variety of materials and preparation process has been attempted. This review focuses on fabrication of biocompatible nanoparticles consisting of biopolymers such as protein (silk, collagen, gelatin, β-casein, zein and albumin), protein-mimicked polypeptides and polysaccharides (chitosan, alginate, pullulan, starch and heparin). The effects of the nature of the materials and the fabrication process on the characteristics of the nanoparticles are described. In addition, their application as delivery carriers of therapeutic drugs and genes and biomaterials for tissue engineering are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Kaihara Nitta
- Enzyme Research Team, RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Keiji Numata
- Enzyme Research Team, RIKEN Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; E-Mail:
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Ding F, You J, Weng X, Zhou J, Zhang X, Zhou X, Zhang L. Exploring Quaternized Hydroxyethylcellulose as Potential Gene Carriers. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Umerska A, Paluch KJ, Inkielewicz-Stępniak I, Santos-Martinez MJ, Corrigan OI, Medina C, Tajber L. Exploring the assembly process and properties of novel crosslinker-free hyaluronate-based polyelectrolyte complex nanocarriers. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:75-87. [PMID: 22814226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the formulation of pharmaceutically relevant polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (NPs) composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan (CS) containing no crosslinkers. The influence of polymer mixing ratio, concentration and molecular weight as well as the type of counterion in chitosan salt on properties of the resulting NPs was examined. Formulations and their components were studied by laser light scattering, viscosity, infrared spectroscopy and microscopy. Physical stability, isoelectric points and cytotoxicity of selected NPs were determined. By appropriate modification of HA molecular weight, stable and non-sedimenting NPs were successfully formed. Sonication was found to be an effective method to reduce the molecular weight of HA from 2882±25 to 176±4 kDa with no chemical changes in the HA structure observed. High molecular weight CS formed micron-sized entities at all compositions investigated. Positively and negatively charged NPs were obtained depending on the mixing ratio of the polymers, with CS glutamate NPs yielding more negatively charged particles compared to CS chloride NPs. The smallest NPs (149±11 nm) were formed using HA with molecular weight of 176 kDa. Cytotoxicity of NPs was dependent on environmental pH but HA was found to exert cytoprotective effects on Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Umerska
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Garcia-Fuentes M, Alonso MJ. Chitosan-based drug nanocarriers: Where do we stand? J Control Release 2012; 161:496-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lim EK, Yang J, Suh JS, Huh YM, Haam S. Synthesis of aminated polysorbate 80 for polyplex-mediated gene transfection. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 26:1528-33. [PMID: 20662085 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To develop novel gene delivery carriers, aminated polysorbate 80 (P80-NH(2)) was synthesized with strong positively charged properties through the introduction of three amine groups. The resulting P80-NH(2) and DNA polyplex exhibited superb condensation abilities due to the high densities of positively charged amines groups. Size and surface charge of polyplex were shown to be well suited for cellular internalization. In addition, the P80-NH(2) /DNA polyplex demonstrated acceptable transfection efficiency in HeLa cells and was nontoxic relative to the conventional 25-kDa polyethyleneimine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Lim
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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31
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Zorzi GK, Párraga JE, Seijo B, Sánchez A. Hybrid Nanoparticle Design Based on Cationized Gelatin and the Polyanions Dextran Sulfate and Chondroitin Sulfate for Ocular Gene Therapy. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:905-13. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Raviña M, Cubillo E, Olmeda D, Novoa-Carballal R, Fernandez-Megia E, Riguera R, Sánchez A, Cano A, Alonso MJ. Hyaluronic Acid/Chitosan-g-Poly(ethylene glycol) Nanoparticles for Gene Therapy: An Application for pDNA and siRNA Delivery. Pharm Res 2010; 27:2544-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ossipov DA. Nanostructured hyaluronic acid-based materials for active delivery to cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:681-703. [PMID: 20367530 DOI: 10.1517/17425241003730399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Active targeting of bioactive molecules by physicochemical association with hyaluronic acid (HA) is an attractive approach in current nanomedicine because HA is biocompatible, non-toxic and non-inflammatory. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review focuses on synthesis, physicochemical characterization and biological properties of different nanoparticulate delivery systems that include HA in their structures. Chemically based approaches to the delivery of small molecule drugs, proteins and nucleic acids in which they become chemically or physically bound to hyaluronic acid are reviewed, including the use of molecular HA conjugates and nanocarriers. The systems are considered in terms of intracellular delivery to different cultured cells that express HA-specific receptors (hyaladherines) differently. The in vivo biodistribution and therapeutic effect of these systems are discussed. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Different synthetic methodologies for preparations of HA-based nanoparticles are presented extensively. HA nanoparticulate systems of various structures can be compared with respect to their in vitro assays and in vivo biodistribution. TAKE HOME MESSAGE To make HA useful as an intravenous targeting carrier, strategies have to be devised to: reduce HA clearance from the blood; suppress the HA uptake by liver and spleen; and provide tumor-triggered mechanisms of release of an active drug from the HA carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri A Ossipov
- Uppsala University, Polymer Chemistry, Material Chemistry Department, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Chitosan-based nanostructures: a delivery platform for ocular therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:100-17. [PMID: 19958805 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology has caused important breakthroughs in different therapeutic areas. In particular, the application of nanotechnology in ophthalmology has led to the development of novel strategies for the treatment of ocular disorders. Indeed, the association of an active molecule to a nanocarrier allows the molecule to intimately interact with specific ocular structures, to overcome ocular barriers and to prolong its residence in the target tissue. Over the last decade, our group has designed and developed a delivery platform based on the polysaccharide chitosan, which suits the requirements of the topical ocular route. These nanosystems have been specifically adapted for the delivery of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs and also polynucleotides onto the eye surface. The results collected up until now suggest the potential of this delivery platform and the subsequent need of a full preclinical evaluation in order to satisfy the specific regulatory demands of this mode of administration.
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Grenha A, Al-Qadi S, Seijo B, Remuñán-López C. The potential of chitosan for pulmonary drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(10)50004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Oh EJ, Park K, Kim KS, Kim J, Yang JA, Kong JH, Lee MY, Hoffman AS, Hahn SK. Target specific and long-acting delivery of protein, peptide, and nucleotide therapeutics using hyaluronic acid derivatives. J Control Release 2009; 141:2-12. [PMID: 19758573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, non-immunogenic and non-inflammatory linear polysaccharide, which has been used for various medical applications such as arthritis treatment, ocular surgery, tissue augmentation, and so on. In this review, the effect of chemical modification of HA on its distribution throughout the body was reported for target specific and long-acting delivery applications of protein, peptide, and nucleotide therapeutics. According to the real-time bio-imaging of HA derivatives using quantum dots (QDot), HA-QDot conjugates with 35mol% HA modification maintaining enough binding sites for HA receptors were mainly accumulated in the liver, while those with 68mol% HA modification losing much of HA characteristics were evenly distributed to the tissues in the body. The results are well matched with the fact that HA receptors are abundantly present in the liver with a high specificity to HA molecules. Accordingly, slightly modified HA derivatives were used for target specific intracellular delivery of nucleotide therapeutics and highly modified HA derivatives were used for long-acting conjugation of peptide and protein therapeutics. HA has been also used as a novel depot system in the forms of physically and chemically crosslinked hydrogels for various protein drug delivery. This review will give you a peer overview on novel HA derivatives and the latest advances in HA-based drug delivery systems of various biopharmaceuticals for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Paolicelli P, de la Fuente M, Sánchez A, Seijo B, Alonso MJ. Chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery to the eye. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:239-53. [PMID: 19290841 DOI: 10.1517/17425240902762818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with an overview of the advances made in ocular delivery of bioactive molecules by means of chitosan-based nanosystems, and their potential relevance in clinical use. The studies described clearly emphasise that chitosan-based nanostructures are versatile systems that can be tailor-made according to required compositions, surface characteristics and particle size. Such parameters, which are known to influence their in vivo performance, can be modulated by adjusting the formulation conditions of the nanotechnologies responsible for their formation, by incorporating additional materials in the preparation steps, and/or by using synthetically modified chitosan. Moreover, this review illustrates how the advances achieved in the understanding of the interaction of nanosystems with the ocular structures should result in the coming years, logically, into challenging innovations in ocular nanomedicines with significant impact on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Paolicelli
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Campus Sur 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Csaba N, Garcia-Fuentes M, Alonso MJ. Nanoparticles for nasal vaccination. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:140-57. [PMID: 19121350 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The great interest in mucosal vaccine delivery arises from the fact that mucosal surfaces represent the major site of entry for many pathogens. Among other mucosal sites, nasal delivery is especially attractive for immunization, as the nasal epithelium is characterized by relatively high permeability, low enzymatic activity and by the presence of an important number of immunocompetent cells. In addition to these advantageous characteristics, the nasal route could offer simplified and more cost-effective protocols for vaccination with improved patient compliance. The use of nanocarriers provides a suitable way for the nasal delivery of antigenic molecules. Besides improved protection and facilitated transport of the antigen, nanoparticulate delivery systems could also provide more effective antigen recognition by immune cells. These represent key factors in the optimal processing and presentation of the antigen, and therefore in the subsequent development of a suitable immune response. In this sense, the design of optimized vaccine nanocarriers offers a promising way for nasal mucosal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Csaba
- Drug Formulation and Delivery Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Teijeiro-Osorio D, Remuñán-López C, Alonso MJ. Chitosan/cyclodextrin nanoparticles can efficiently transfect the airway epithelium in vitro. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71:257-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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