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Schwartzman JD, McCall M, Ghattas Y, Pugazhendhi AS, Wei F, Ngo C, Ruiz J, Seal S, Coathup MJ. Multifunctional scaffolds for bone repair following age-related biological decline: Promising prospects for smart biomaterial-driven technologies. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122683. [PMID: 38954959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The repair of large bone defects due to trauma, disease, and infection can be exceptionally challenging in the elderly. Despite best clinical practice, bone regeneration within contemporary, surgically implanted synthetic scaffolds is often problematic, inconsistent, and insufficient where additional osteobiological support is required to restore bone. Emergent smart multifunctional biomaterials may drive important and dynamic cellular crosstalk that directly targets, signals, stimulates, and promotes an innate bone repair response following age-related biological decline and when in the presence of disease or infection. However, their role remains largely undetermined. By highlighting their mechanism/s and mode/s of action, this review spotlights smart technologies that favorably align in their conceivable ability to directly target and enhance bone repair and thus are highly promising for future discovery for use in the elderly. The four degrees of interactive scaffold smartness are presented, with a focus on bioactive, bioresponsive, and the yet-to-be-developed autonomous scaffold activity. Further, cell- and biomolecular-assisted approaches were excluded, allowing for contemporary examination of the capabilities, demands, vision, and future requisites of next-generation biomaterial-induced technologies only. Data strongly supports that smart scaffolds hold significant promise in the promotion of bone repair in patients with a reduced osteobiological response. Importantly, many techniques have yet to be tested in preclinical models of aging. Thus, greater clarity on their proficiency to counteract the many unresolved challenges within the scope of aging bone is highly warranted and is arguably the next frontier in the field. This review demonstrates that the use of multifunctional smart synthetic scaffolds with an engineered strategy to circumvent the biological insufficiencies associated with aging bone is a viable route for achieving next-generation therapeutic success in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Max McCall
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Yasmine Ghattas
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Abinaya Sindu Pugazhendhi
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Fei Wei
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Ngo
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Ruiz
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, USA, Orlando, FL
| | - Melanie J Coathup
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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2
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Rangel-Coelho JP, Gogolla PV, Meyer MD, Simão LC, Costa BC, Casarin RCV, Santamaria MP, Teixeira LN, Peruzzo DC, Lisboa-Filho PN, Nociti-Jr FH, Kantovitz KR. Titanium dioxide nanotubes applied to conventional glass ionomer cement influence the expression of immunoinflammatory markers: An in vitro study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30834. [PMID: 38784540 PMCID: PMC11112319 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the impact of different concentrations TiO2-nt incorporated into a glass ionomer cement on the proliferation, mitochondrial metabolism, morphology, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production of cultured fibroblasts (NIH/3T3), whether or not stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS-2 μg/mL, 24 h). Methods TiO2-nt was added to KM (Ketac Molar EasyMix™, 3 %, 5 %, 7 % in weight); unblended KM was used as the control. The analyses included: Cell proliferation assay (n = 6; 24/48/72h); Mitochondrial metabolism assay (n = 6; 24/48/72h); Confocal laser microscopy (n = 3; 24/48/72h); Determination of biomarkers (IL-1β/IL-6/IL-10/VEGF/TNF) by using both multiplex technology (n = 6; 12/18 h) and the quantitative real-time PCR assay (q-PCR) (n = 3, 24/72/120 h). The data underwent analysis using both the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, and by generalized linear models (α = 0.05). Results It demonstrated that cell proliferation increased over time, regardless of the presence of TiO2-nt or LPS, and displayed a significant increase at 72 h; mitochondrial metabolism increased (p < 0.05), irrespective of exposure to LPS (p = 0.937); no cell morphology changes were observed; TiO2-nt reverted the impact of KM on the secreted levels of the evaluated proteins and the gene expressions in the presence of LPS (p < 0.0001). Conclusions TiO2-nt did not adversely affect the biological behavior of fibroblastic cells cultured on GIC discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Rangel-Coelho
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Pedro Viel Gogolla
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Maria Davoli Meyer
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Lucas Carvalho Simão
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Bruna Carolina Costa
- Department of Physics, School of Science, State University Júlio de Mesquita (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube 2085, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Renato Côrrea Viana Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (FOP-UNICAMP), Av. Limeira 901, Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Novaes Teixeira
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Daiane Cristina Peruzzo
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho
- Department of Physics, School of Science, State University Júlio de Mesquita (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube 2085, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Francisco Humberto Nociti-Jr
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
- American Dental Association Science and Research Institute - ADASRI, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Group, Innovation and Technology Research, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic (SLMANDIC), Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Swift, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil
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3
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Seal A, Hughes M, Wei F, Pugazhendhi AS, Ngo C, Ruiz J, Schwartzman JD, Coathup MJ. Sphingolipid-Induced Bone Regulation and Its Emerging Role in Dysfunction Due to Disease and Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3024. [PMID: 38474268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The human skeleton is a metabolically active system that is constantly regenerating via the tightly regulated and highly coordinated processes of bone resorption and formation. Emerging evidence reveals fascinating new insights into the role of sphingolipids, including sphingomyelin, sphingosine, ceramide, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, in bone homeostasis. Sphingolipids are a major class of highly bioactive lipids able to activate distinct protein targets including, lipases, phosphatases, and kinases, thereby conferring distinct cellular functions beyond energy metabolism. Lipids are known to contribute to the progression of chronic inflammation, and notably, an increase in bone marrow adiposity parallel to elevated bone loss is observed in most pathological bone conditions, including aging, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and osteomyelitis. Of the numerous classes of lipids that form, sphingolipids are considered among the most deleterious. This review highlights the important primary role of sphingolipids in bone homeostasis and how dysregulation of these bioactive metabolites appears central to many chronic bone-related diseases. Further, their contribution to the invasion, virulence, and colonization of both viral and bacterial host cell infections is also discussed. Many unmet clinical needs remain, and data to date suggest the future use of sphingolipid-targeted therapy to regulate bone dysfunction due to a variety of diseases or infection are highly promising. However, deciphering the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of this diverse and extremely complex sphingolipidome, both in terms of bone health and disease, is considered the next frontier in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouska Seal
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Megan Hughes
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Abinaya S Pugazhendhi
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Christopher Ngo
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Jonathan Ruiz
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | | | - Melanie J Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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4
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Xiao B, Liu Y, Chandrasiri I, Adjei-Sowah E, Mereness J, Yan M, Benoit DSW. Bone-Targeted Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System-Mediated Macrophage Modulation for Enhanced Fracture Healing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305336. [PMID: 37797180 PMCID: PMC10922143 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of progress, developing minimally invasive bone-specific drug delivery systems (DDS) to improve fracture healing remains a significant clinical challenge. To address this critical therapeutic need, nanoparticle (NP) DDS comprised of poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride)-b-poly(styrene) (PSMA-b-PS) functionalized with a peptide that targets tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and achieves preferential fracture accumulation has been developed. The delivery of AR28, a glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) inhibitor, via the TRAP binding peptide-NP (TBP-NP) expedites fracture healing. Interestingly, however, NPs are predominantly taken up by fracture-associated macrophages rather than cells typically associated with fracture healing. Therefore, the underlying mechanism of healing via TBP-NP is comprehensively investigated herein. TBP-NPAR28 promotes M2 macrophage polarization and enhances osteogenesis in preosteoblast-macrophage co-cultures in vitro. Longitudinal analysis of TBP-NPAR28 -mediated fracture healing reveals distinct spatial distributions of M2 macrophages, an increased M2/M1 ratio, and upregulation of anti-inflammatory and downregulated pro-inflammatory genes compared to controls. This work demonstrates the underlying therapeutic mechanism of bone-targeted NP DDS, which leverages macrophages as druggable targets and modulates M2 macrophage polarization to enhance fracture healing, highlighting the therapeutic benefit of this approach for fractures and bone-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Indika Chandrasiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Emmanuela Adjei-Sowah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Jared Mereness
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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5
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Fang X, Sun D, Li Y, Han X, Gan Y, Jiao J, Jiang M, Gong H, Qi Y, Zhao J. Macrophages in the process of osseointegration around the implant and their regulatory strategies. Connect Tissue Res 2024; 65:1-15. [PMID: 38166507 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2023.2300455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM OF THE STUDY To summarize and discuss macrophage properties and their roles and mechanisms in the process of osseointegration in a comprehensive manner, and to provide theoretical support and research direction for future implant surface modification efforts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on relevant high-quality articles, this article reviews the role of macrophages in various stages of osseointegration and methods of implant modification. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Macrophages not only promote osseointegration through immunomodulation, but also secrete a variety of cytokines, which play a key role in the angiogenic and osteogenic phases of osseointegration. There is no "good" or "bad" difference between the M1 and M2 phenotypes of macrophages, but their timely presence and sequential switching play a crucial role in implant osseointegration. In the implant surface modification strategy, the induction of sequential activation of the M1 and M2 phenotypes of macrophages is a brighter prospect for implant surface modification than inducing the polarization of macrophages to the M1 or M2 phenotypes individually, which is a promising pathway to enhance the effect of osseointegration and increase the success rate of implant surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Duo Sun
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yongli Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yulu Gan
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junjie Jiao
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mengyuan Jiang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Heyi Gong
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuanzheng Qi
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinghui Zhao
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Tooth Department and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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6
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Wang L, Wei X, Wang Y. Promoting Angiogenesis Using Immune Cells for Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:660-678. [PMID: 36774426 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Implantable tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) usually trigger the host reaction which is inextricably linked with the immune system, including blood-material interaction, protein absorption, inflammation, foreign body reaction, and so on. With remarkable progress, the immune response is no longer considered to be entirely harmful to TEVGs, but its therapeutic and impaired effects on angiogenesis and tissue regeneration are parallel. Although the implicated immune mechanisms remain elusive, it is certainly worthwhile to gain detailed knowledge about the function of the individual immune components during angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. This review provides a general overview of immune cells with an emphasis on macrophages in light of the current literature. To the extent possible, we summarize state-of-the-art approaches to immune cell regulation of the vasculature and suggest that future studies are needed to better define the timing of the activity of each cell subpopulation and to further reveal key regulatory switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xinbo Wei
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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7
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Shen L, Chen W, Ding J, Shu G, Chen M, Zhao Z, Xia S, Ji J. The role of metabolic reprogramming of oxygen-induced macrophages in the dynamic changes of atherosclerotic plaques. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22791. [PMID: 36723768 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201486r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (As) is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease. Macrophages are the most important immune cells in atherosclerotic plaques, and the phenotype of plaque macrophages shifts dynamically to adapt to changes in the plaque microenvironment. The aerobic microenvironment of early atherosclerotic plaques promotes the transformation of M2/alternatively activated macrophages mainly through oxidative phosphorylation; the anoxic microenvironment of advanced atherosclerotic plaques mainly promotes the formation of M1/classically activated macrophages through anaerobic glycolysis; and the adventitia angiogenesis of aged atherosclerotic plaques leads to an increase in the proportion of M2/M1 macrophages. Therefore, this review deeply elucidates the dynamic change mechanism of plaque macrophages and the regulation of plaque oxygen content and immune metabolism to find new targets for the treatment of As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui, China
| | - Weiyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui, China
| | - Jiayi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui, China
| | - Gaofeng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui, China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui, China
| | - Shuiwei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui, China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, Clinical College of the Affiliated Central Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui, China
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8
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Wu L, Seon GM, Ju S, Choi SH, Jiang ES, Kim Y, Chung SH, Ahn JS, Yang HC. Synergistic effects of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid and phosphatidylserine on the surface immunomodulation and osseointegration of titanium implants. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1358-1372. [PMID: 36594560 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01589g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The control of macrophage polarization is important in bone tissue regeneration such as osseointegration. In this study, a coating method was developed to improve the osseointegration of titanium (Ti) implants by generating an immunomodulatory effect. The surface of the Ti discs was coated with a poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) polymer, phosphatidylserine (PS), and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide conjugated phospholipid. In in vitro assay using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), the most significant expression of the M2 marker genes (Arg-1, YM-1, FIZZ1) and CD206, an M2 surface marker, was obtained with coatings containing 6 mol% RGD conjugates and phospholipids consisting of 50 mol% PS. The M2-inducing effect of RGD and PS was also verified in rat femurs where coated Ti rods were implanted. The RGD and PS coating significantly enhanced the osseointegration of the Ti implants. Moreover, a biomechanical push-out test showed that the RGD and PS coating increased the interfacial binding force between the bone and implants. These results indicate that PS and RGD can be applied to the solid surface of implantable biomedical devices to improve immunomodulation and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Wu
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Gyeung Mi Seon
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Sungwon Ju
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Sang Hoon Choi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - En-Shi Jiang
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Yongjoon Kim
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Shin Hye Chung
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Jin-Soo Ahn
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Hyeong-Cheol Yang
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101, Deahak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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9
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Wen J, Cai D, Gao W, He R, Li Y, Zhou Y, Klein T, Xiao L, Xiao Y. Osteoimmunomodulatory Nanoparticles for Bone Regeneration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13040692. [PMID: 36839060 PMCID: PMC9962115 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of large bone fractures remains a challenge for orthopedists. Bone regeneration is a complex process that includes skeletal cells such as osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and immune cells to regulate bone formation and resorption. Osteoimmunology, studying this complicated process, has recently been used to develop biomaterials for advanced bone regeneration. Ideally, a biomaterial shall enable a timely switch from early stage inflammatory (to recruit osteogenic progenitor cells) to later-stage anti-inflammatory (to promote differentiation and terminal osteogenic mineralization and model the microstructure of bone tissue) in immune cells, especially the M1-to-M2 phenotype switch in macrophage populations, for bone regeneration. Nanoparticle (NP)-based advanced drug delivery systems can enable the controlled release of therapeutic reagents and the delivery of therapeutics into specific cell types, thereby benefiting bone regeneration through osteoimmunomodulation. In this review, we briefly describe the significance of osteoimmunology in bone regeneration, the advancement of NP-based approaches for bone regeneration, and the application of NPs in macrophage-targeting drug delivery for advanced osteoimmunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wen
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Donglin Cai
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Wendong Gao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Ruiying He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430061, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200231, China
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Travis Klein
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Lan Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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10
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Liu Z, Zhu J, Li Z, Liu H, Fu C. Biomaterial scaffolds regulate macrophage activity to accelerate bone regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1140393. [PMID: 36815893 PMCID: PMC9932600 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1140393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bones are important for maintaining motor function and providing support for internal organs. Bone diseases can impose a heavy burden on individuals and society. Although bone has a certain ability to repair itself, it is often difficult to repair itself alone when faced with critical-sized defects, such as severe trauma, surgery, or tumors. There is still a heavy reliance on metal implants and autologous or allogeneic bone grafts for bone defects that are difficult to self-heal. However, these grafts still have problems that are difficult to circumvent, such as metal implants that may require secondary surgical removal, lack of bone graft donors, and immune rejection. The rapid advance in tissue engineering and a better comprehension of the physiological mechanisms of bone regeneration have led to a new focus on promoting endogenous bone self-regeneration through the use of biomaterials as the medium. Although bone regeneration involves a variety of cells and signaling factors, and these complex signaling pathways and mechanisms of interaction have not been fully understood, macrophages undoubtedly play an essential role in bone regeneration. This review summarizes the design strategies that need to be considered for biomaterials to regulate macrophage function in bone regeneration. Subsequently, this review provides an overview of therapeutic strategies for biomaterials to intervene in all stages of bone regeneration by regulating macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtai Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiabo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhuohan Li
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Hanyan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Baicheng Central Hospital, Baicheng, China
| | - Changfeng Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Changfeng Fu,
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11
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Macrophages: From Simple Phagocyte to an Integrative Regulatory Cell for Inflammation and Tissue Regeneration-A Review of the Literature. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020276. [PMID: 36672212 PMCID: PMC9856654 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of macrophages and their pathophysiological role has dramatically changed within the last decades. Macrophages represent a very interesting cell type with regard to biomaterial-based tissue engineering and regeneration. In this context, macrophages play a crucial role in the biocompatibility and degradation of implanted biomaterials. Furthermore, a better understanding of the functionality of macrophages opens perspectives for potential guidance and modulation to turn inflammation into regeneration. Such knowledge may help to improve not only the biocompatibility of scaffold materials but also the integration, maturation, and preservation of scaffold-cell constructs or induce regeneration. Nowadays, macrophages are classified into two subpopulations, the classically activated macrophages (M1 macrophages) with pro-inflammatory properties and the alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) with anti-inflammatory properties. The present narrative review gives an overview of the different functions of macrophages and summarizes the recent state of knowledge regarding different types of macrophages and their functions, with special emphasis on tissue engineering and tissue regeneration.
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12
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Hansda A, Mukherjee S, Dixit K, Dhara S, Mukherjee G. Immunological Perspectives Involved in Tissue Engineering. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-6008-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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13
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Xiao L, Shiwaku Y, Hamai R, Baba K, Tsuchiya K, Imazato S, Sasaki K, Suzuki O. Osteogenic capacity of octacalcium phosphate involving macrophage polarization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 111:1006-1020. [PMID: 36573692 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has found that octacalcium phosphate (OCP) increases macrophage accumulation and alters the initial inflammatory response. However, the role of the immune response induced by OCP in osteogenesis remains unknown. This study investigated the behavior of macrophages and bone regeneration capacity during the early inflammatory stage of OCP-mediated osteogenesis. To assess the change in macrophage polarization and osteogenic capacity, we used a standardized rat defect model filled with OCP or calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA)-a material obtained through the hydrolysis of the original OCP. OCP or CDHA granules were incubated with RAW264 cells for 5 days to investigate the effect of physicochemical characteristics on macrophage cytokine/chemokine expression in vitro. Our in vivo results show that due to the OCP implantation, macrophages in the rat tibial defect area tend to polarize to the M2 phenotype (anti-inflammatory) and inhibit the formation of the M1 phenotype (pro-inflammatory). In comparison to CDHA, OCP exhibited superior bone regeneration potential due to its rapid promotion of cortical bone healing and stimulation of macrophage-related growth factors. Furthermore, our in vitro results have shown that OCP regulates the expression of macrophage chemokines over time. Compared to incubation with CDHA, incubation with OCP caused changes in the ionic microenvironment. These findings suggest that the OCP-mediated macrophage polarization and secretion profile not only regulate immune function but also positively affect osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Xiao
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Science Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Suita Japan
| | - Yukari Shiwaku
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
| | - Ryo Hamai
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Baba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Sendai Japan
| | - Kaori Tsuchiya
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
| | - Satoshi Imazato
- Department of Biomaterials Science Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry Suita Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry Sendai Japan
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14
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Chai H, Wang W, Yuan X, Zhu C. Bio-Activated PEEK: Promising Platforms for Improving Osteogenesis through Modulating Macrophage Polarization. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120747. [PMID: 36550953 PMCID: PMC9774947 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The attention on orthopedic biomaterials has shifted from their direct osteogenic properties to their osteoimmunomodulation, especially the modulation of macrophage polarization. Presently, advanced technologies endow polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with good osteoimmunomodulation by modifying PEEK surface characteristics or incorporating bioactive substances with regulating macrophage polarization. Recent studies have demonstrated that the fabrication of a hydrophilic surface and the incorporation of bioactive substances into PEEK (e.g., zinc, calcium, and phosphate) are good strategies to promote osteogenesis by enhancing the polarization of M2 macrophages. Furthermore, the modification by other osteoimmunomodulatory composites (e.g., lncRNA-MM2P, IL-4, IL-10, and chitosan) and their controlled and desired release may make PEEK an optimal bio-activated implant for regulating and balancing the osteogenic system and immune system. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the potential of bio-activated PEEK in polarizing macrophages into M2 phenotype to improve osteogenesis. For this objective, we retrieved and discussed different kinds of bio-activated PEEK regarding improving osteogenesis through modulating macrophage polarization. Meanwhile, the relevant challenges and outlook were presented. We hope that this review can shed light on the development of bio-activated PEEK with more favorable osteoimmunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobu Chai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xiangwei Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (C.Z.)
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15
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Lv B, Wu J, Xiong Y, Xie X, Lin Z, Mi B, Liu G. Functionalized multidimensional biomaterials for bone microenvironment engineering applications: Focus on osteoimmunomodulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1023231. [PMID: 36406210 PMCID: PMC9672076 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1023231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As bone biology develops, it is gradually recognized that bone regeneration is a pathophysiological process that requires the simultaneous participation of multiple systems. With the introduction of osteoimmunology, the interplay between the immune system and the musculoskeletal diseases has been the conceptual framework for a thorough understanding of both systems and the advancement of osteoimmunomodulaty biomaterials. Various therapeutic strategies which include intervention of the surface characteristics or the local delivery systems with the incorporation of bioactive molecules have been applied to create an ideal bone microenvironment for bone tissue regeneration. Our review systematically summarized the current research that is being undertaken in the field of osteoimmunomodulaty bone biomaterials on a case-by-case basis, aiming to inspire more extensive research and promote clinical conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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You J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Strontium Functionalized in Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Prominent Role in Osteoimmunomodulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:928799. [PMID: 35875505 PMCID: PMC9298737 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.928799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of bone tissue engineering bio-scaffold materials by adding metallic ions to improve bone healing have been extensively explored in the past decades. Strontium a non-radioactive element, as an essential osteophilic trace element for the human body, has received widespread attention in the medical field due to its superior biological properties of inhibiting bone resorption and promoting osteogenesis. As the concept of osteoimmunology developed, the design of orthopedic biomaterials has gradually shifted from “immune-friendly” to “immunomodulatory” with the aim of promoting bone healing by modulating the immune microenvironment through implanted biomaterials. The process of bone healing can be regarded as an immune-induced procedure in which immune cells can target the effector cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, osteocytes, and osteoprogenitor cells through paracrine mechanisms, affecting pathological alveolar bone resorption and physiological bone regeneration. As a kind of crucial immune cell, macrophages play a critical role in the early period of wound repair and host defense after biomaterial implantation. Despite Sr-doped biomaterials being increasingly investigated, how extracellular Sr2+ guides the organism toward favorable osteogenesis by modulating macrophages in the bone tissue microenvironment has rarely been studied. This review focuses on recent knowledge that the trace element Sr regulates bone regeneration mechanisms through the regulation of macrophage polarization, which is significant for the future development of Sr-doped bone repair materials. We will also summarize the primary mechanism of Sr2+ in bone, including calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and osteogenesis-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian You
- Department of Oral Implantology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yidi Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Current Development of Nano-Drug Delivery to Target Macrophages. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051203. [PMID: 35625939 PMCID: PMC9139084 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most important innate immune cells that participate in various inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, macrophage-related pathological processes are essential targets in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Since nanoparticles (NPs) can be preferentially taken up by macrophages, NPs have attracted most attention for specific macrophage-targeting. In this review, the interactions between NPs and the immune system are introduced to help understand the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of NPs in immune cells. The current design and strategy of NPs modification for specific macrophage-targeting are investigated and summarized.
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18
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He Y, Yao M, Zhou J, Xie J, Liang C, Yin D, Huang S, Zhang Y, Peng F, Cheng S. Mg(OH)2 nanosheets on Ti with immunomodulatory function for orthopedic applications. Regen Biomater 2022; 9:rbac027. [PMID: 35592137 PMCID: PMC9113411 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Macrophages play a vital role for guiding the fate of osteogenesis-related cells. It is well known that nano-topography and bioactive ions can direct enhance osteogenic behavior. However, the effects of nanostructure combined with bioactive ions release on macrophage polarization and the following osteogenesis and angiogenesis are rarely reported. Herein, Mg(OH)2 films with nano-sheet structures were constructed on the surface of Ti using hydrothermal treatment. The film presented nano-sheet topography and sustained release of Mg ions. The results of in vitro culture of BMDMs, including PCR, western blot, and flow cytometry suggested that the nano-Mg(OH)2 films were more favorable for macrophages polarizing to tissue healing M2 phenotype. Moreover, air-pouch model confirmed that the nano-Mg(OH)2 film coated Ti would induce milder inflammation and thinner fibrous layer in vivo, compared with untreated Ti. Furthermore, macrophages-conditioned culture mediums were collected from nano-Mg(OH)2 coated Ti group was superior for the osteogenic behaviors of mice bone marrow stem cells and the angiogenic behaviors of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. With harmonious early inflammatory response and subsequently improved osteogenesis and angiogenesis, the nano-Mg(OH)2 coated Ti is promising for orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- School of medicine, South china university of technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Medical Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mengyu Yao
- Medical Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jielong Zhou
- Medical Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Juning Xie
- School of medicine, South china university of technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Medical Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Changxiang Liang
- Medical Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Medical Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuaihao Huang
- Medical Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- School of medicine, South china university of technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Medical Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shi Cheng
- Medical Research Center, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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19
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Borciani G, Ciapetti G, Vitale-Brovarone C, Baldini N. Strontium Functionalization of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering Purposes: A Biological Point of View. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051724. [PMID: 35268956 PMCID: PMC8911212 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Strontium (Sr) is a trace element taken with nutrition and found in bone in close connection to native hydroxyapatite. Sr is involved in a dual mechanism of coupling the stimulation of bone formation with the inhibition of bone resorption, as reported in the literature. Interest in studying Sr has increased in the last decades due to the development of strontium ranelate (SrRan), an orally active agent acting as an anti-osteoporosis drug. However, the use of SrRan was subjected to some limitations starting from 2014 due to its negative side effects on the cardiac safety of patients. In this scenario, an interesting perspective for the administration of Sr is the introduction of Sr ions in biomaterials for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. This strategy has attracted attention thanks to its positive effects on bone formation, alongside the reduction of osteoclast activity, proven by in vitro and in vivo studies. The purpose of this review is to go through the classes of biomaterials most commonly used in BTE and functionalized with Sr, i.e., calcium phosphate ceramics, bioactive glasses, metal-based materials, and polymers. The works discussed in this review were selected as representative for each type of the above-mentioned categories, and the biological evaluation in vitro and/or in vivo was the main criterion for selection. The encouraging results collected from the in vitro and in vivo biological evaluations are outlined to highlight the potential applications of materials’ functionalization with Sr as an osteopromoting dopant in BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Borciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-6366748
| | - Gabriela Ciapetti
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Laboratory for Nanobiotechnology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale-Brovarone
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Biomedical Science and Technologies Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
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20
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Capuani S, Malgir G, Chua CYX, Grattoni A. Advanced Strategies to Thwart Foreign Body Response to Implantable Devices. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10300. [PMID: 36176611 PMCID: PMC9472022 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitigating the foreign body response (FBR) to implantable medical devices (IMDs) is critical for successful long‐term clinical deployment. The FBR is an inevitable immunological reaction to IMDs, resulting in inflammation and subsequent fibrotic encapsulation. Excessive fibrosis may impair IMDs function, eventually necessitating retrieval or replacement for continued therapy. Therefore, understanding the implant design parameters and their degree of influence on FBR is pivotal to effective and long lasting IMDs. This review gives an overview of FBR as well as anti‐FBR strategies. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances in biomimetic approaches to resist FBR, focusing on their characteristics and potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Capuani
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX USA
- University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS) 19 Yuquan Road Beijing China
| | - Gulsah Malgir
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Houston Houston TX USA
| | | | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston TX USA
- Department of Surgery Houston Methodist Hospital Houston TX USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology Houston Methodist Hospital Houston TX USA
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21
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Wang T, Bai J, Lu M, Huang C, Geng D, Chen G, Wang L, Qi J, Cui W, Deng L. Engineering immunomodulatory and osteoinductive implant surfaces via mussel adhesion-mediated ion coordination and molecular clicking. Nat Commun 2022; 13:160. [PMID: 35013289 PMCID: PMC8748715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune response and new tissue formation are important aspects of tissue repair. However, only a single aspect is generally considered in previous biomedical interventions, and the synergistic effect is unclear. Here, a dual-effect coating with immobilized immunomodulatory metal ions (e.g., Zn2+) and osteoinductive growth factors (e.g., BMP-2 peptide) is designed via mussel adhesion-mediated ion coordination and molecular clicking strategy. Compared to the bare TiO2 group, Zn2+ can increase M2 macrophage recruitment by up to 92.5% in vivo and upregulate the expression of M2 cytokine IL-10 by 84.5%; while the dual-effect of Zn2+ and BMP-2 peptide can increase M2 macrophages recruitment by up to 124.7% in vivo and upregulate the expression of M2 cytokine IL-10 by 171%. These benefits eventually significantly enhance bone-implant mechanical fixation (203.3 N) and new bone ingrowth (82.1%) compared to the bare TiO2 (98.6 N and 45.1%, respectively). Taken together, the dual-effect coating can be utilized to synergistically modulate the osteoimmune microenvironment at the bone-implant interface, enhancing bone regeneration for successful implantation. Immune response and new tissue formation are important aspects of tissue repair but often only one aspect is considered in biomedical interventions. Here, the authors report on the use of a mussel-like surface coating to immobilize immune modulating metal ions and growth factors and demonstrated improved in vivo outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 85 Wujin Road, 200080, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, The second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1518 North Huancheng Road, 314000, Jiaxing, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Huang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, The second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1518 North Huancheng Road, 314000, Jiaxing, P. R. China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Basic Research and Clinical Translation on Orthopedic Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedics, The second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1518 North Huancheng Road, 314000, Jiaxing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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22
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Abstract
The dogma that immunological memory is an exclusive trait of adaptive immunity has been recently challenged by studies showing that priming of innate cells can also result in modified long-term responsiveness to secondary stimuli, once the cells have returned to a non-activated state. This phenomenon is known as 'innate immune memory', 'trained immunity' or 'innate training'. While the main known triggers of trained immunity are microbial-derived molecules such as β-glucan, endogenous particles such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein and monosodium urate crystals can also induce trained phenotypes in innate cells. Whether exogenous particles can induce trained immunity has been overlooked. Our exposure to particulates has dramatically increased in recent decades as a result of the broad medical use of particle-based drug carriers, theragnostics, adjuvants, prosthetics and an increase in environmental pollution. We recently showed that pristine graphene can induce trained immunity in macrophages, enhancing their inflammatory response to TLR agonists, proving that exogenous nanomaterials can affect the long-term response of innate cells. The consequences of trained immunity can be beneficial, for instance, enhancing protection against unrelated pathogens; however, they can also be deleterious if they enhance inflammatory disorders. Therefore, studying the ability of particulates and biomaterials to induce innate trained phenotypes in cells is warranted. Here we analyse the mechanisms whereby particles can induce trained immunity and discuss how physicochemical characteristics of particulates could influence the induction of innate memory. We review the implications of trained immunity in the context of particulate adjuvants, nanocarriers and nanovaccines and their potential applications in medicine. Finally, we reflect on the unanswered questions and the future of the field.
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23
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Wei Q, Su Y, Xin H, Zhang L, Ding J, Chen X. Immunologically Effective Biomaterials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56719-56724. [PMID: 34797622 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Immunoregulation represents a booming field of biomaterial design. The unique physical and chemical properties of biomaterials offer tremendous opportunities for development. Each of their parameters exerts immunogenic effects at the immune system, cellular, and molecular levels. Herein, the perspective summarizes the interaction of biomaterials with immune cells and the underlying mechanisms to control immunoregulation in a top-down manner, providing solid inspiration for biomedical applications of immunologically effective biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhen Su
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hua Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Lening Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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24
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Classical Dichotomy of Macrophages and Alternative Activation Models Proposed with Technological Progress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9910596. [PMID: 34722776 PMCID: PMC8553456 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9910596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are important immune cells that participate in the regulation of inflammation in implant dentistry, and their activation/polarization state is considered to be the basis for their functions. The classic dichotomy activation model is commonly accepted, however, due to the discovery of macrophage heterogeneity and more functional and iconic exploration at different technologies; some studies have discovered the shortcomings of the dichotomy model and have put forward the concept of alternative activation models through the application of advanced technologies such as cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), and hyperspectral image (HSI). These alternative models have great potential to help macrophages divide phenotypes and functional genes.
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25
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Hong Q, Huo S, Tang H, Qu X, Yue B. Smart Nanomaterials for Treatment of Biofilm in Orthopedic Implants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:694635. [PMID: 34589470 PMCID: PMC8473796 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.694635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms refer to complex bacterial communities that are attached to the surface of animate or inanimate objects, which highly resist the antibiotics or the host immune defense mechanisms. Pathogenic biofilms in medicine are general, chronic, and even costly, especially on medical devices and orthopedic implants. Bacteria within biofilms are the cause of many persistent infections, which are almost impossible to eradicate. Though some progress has been made in comprehending the mechanisms of biofilm formation and persistence, novel alternative compounds or strategies and effective anti-biofilm antibiotics are still lacking. Smart materials of nano size which are able to respond to an external stimulus or internal environment have a great range of applications in clinic. Recently, smart nanomaterials with or without carriage of antibiotics, targeting specific bacteria and biofilm under some stimuli, have shown great potential for pathogenic biofilm and resident bacteria eradication. First, this review briefly summarizes and describes the significance of biofilms and the process of biofilm formation. Then, we focus on some of the latest research studies involving biofilm elimination, which probably could be applied in orthopedic implants. Finally, some outstanding challenges and limitations that need to be settled urgently in order to make smart nanomaterials effectively target and treat implant biofilms are also discussed. It is hoped that there will be more novel anti-biofilm strategies for biofilm infection in the prospective future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xinhua Qu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Yue
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Nouri-Goushki M, Isaakidou A, Eijkel BIM, Minneboo M, Liu Q, Boukany PE, Mirzaali MJ, Fratila-Apachitei LE, Zadpoor AA. 3D printed submicron patterns orchestrate the response of macrophages. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:14304-14315. [PMID: 34190291 PMCID: PMC8412028 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01557e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The surface topography of engineered extracellular matrices is one of the most important physical cues regulating the phenotypic polarization of macrophages. However, not much is known about the ways through which submicron (i.e., 100-1000 nm) topographies modulate the polarization of macrophages. In the context of bone tissue regeneration, it is well established that this range of topographies stimulates the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. Since the immune response affects the bone tissue regeneration process, the immunomodulatory consequences of submicron patterns should be studied prior to their clinical application. Here, we 3D printed submicron pillars (using two-photon polymerization technique) with different heights and interspacings to perform the first ever systematic study of such effects. Among the studied patterns, the highest degree of elongation was observed for the cells cultured on those with the tallest and densest pillars. After 3 days of culture with inflammatory stimuli (LPS/IFN-γ), sparsely decorated surfaces inhibited the expression of the pro-inflammatory cellular marker CCR7 as compared to day 1 and to the other patterns. Furthermore, sufficiently tall pillars polarized the M1 macrophages towards a pro-healing (M2) phenotype, as suggested by the expression of CD206 within the first 3 days. As some of the studied patterns are known to be osteogenic, the osteoimmunomodulatory capacity of the patterns should be further studied to optimize their bone tissue regeneration performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nouri-Goushki
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - A Isaakidou
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - B I M Eijkel
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - M Minneboo
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Q Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - P E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M J Mirzaali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - L E Fratila-Apachitei
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - A A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands.
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27
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Chen M, Hu J, Zhang E, Hu J, Wang X, Qin G. The osteoimmunomodulatory effect of nanostructured TiF x/TiO xcoating on osteogenesis induction. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34087809 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac0863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in the host response and the integration of implant materials. The nanostructured TiFx/TiOxcoating (FOTi) on titanium surfaces has shown multiple properties, including antibacterial properties and bioactivity. However, little is known about the effects of these coatings on the regulation of macrophage activity and the subsequent immunomodulatory effects on osteogenesis. In this study, the behavior of macrophages on the FOTi samples was evaluated, and conditioned medium was collected and used to stimulate MC3T3-E1 cellsin vitro. The results showed that the FOTi samples stimulated macrophage elongation and promoted the production of proinflammatory cytokines at 24 h, while induced macrophage polarization to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype at 72 h. Furthermore, the immune microenvironment generated by macrophage/ FOTi samples interactions effectively promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, as evidenced by improved cell adhesion, enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular matrix mineralization, and upregulated osteogenesis-related gene expression. In summary, the FOTi samples mediated macrophage phenotype behaviors and induced beneficial immunomodulatory effects on osteogenesis, which could be a potential strategy for the surface modification of bone biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute of Advanced Materials, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute of Advanced Materials, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Erlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (ATM), Ministry of Education (MoE), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Hu
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (ATM), Ministry of Education (MoE), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaowu Qin
- Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (ATM), Ministry of Education (MoE), School of Material Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
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28
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Jarai BM, Stillman Z, Bomb K, Kloxin AM, Fromen CA. Biomaterials-Based Opportunities to Engineer the Pulmonary Host Immune Response in COVID-19. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1742-1764. [PMID: 33356134 PMCID: PMC7784663 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to a staggering number of deaths worldwide and significantly increased burden on healthcare as nations scramble to find mitigation strategies. While significant progress has been made in COVID-19 diagnostics and therapeutics, effective prevention and treatment options remain scarce. Because of the potential for the SARS-CoV-2 infections to cause systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure, it is imperative for the scientific community to evaluate therapeutic options aimed at modulating the causative host immune responses to prevent subsequent systemic complications. Harnessing decades of expertise in the use of natural and synthetic materials for biomedical applications, the biomaterials community has the potential to play an especially instrumental role in developing new strategies or repurposing existing tools to prevent or treat complications resulting from the COVID-19 pathology. Leveraging microparticle- and nanoparticle-based technology, especially in pulmonary delivery, biomaterials have demonstrated the ability to effectively modulate inflammation and may be well-suited for resolving SARS-CoV-2-induced effects. Here, we provide an overview of the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and highlight current understanding of the host's pulmonary immune response and its contributions to disease severity and systemic inflammation. Comparing to frontline COVID-19 therapeutic options, we highlight the most significant untapped opportunities in immune engineering of the host response using biomaterials and particle technology, which have the potential to improve outcomes for COVID-19 patients, and identify areas needed for future investigations. We hope that this work will prompt preclinical and clinical investigations of promising biomaterials-based treatments to introduce new options for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader M. Jarai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Zachary Stillman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Kartik Bomb
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - April M. Kloxin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Catherine A. Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
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29
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Promoting musculoskeletal system soft tissue regeneration by biomaterial-mediated modulation of macrophage polarization. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4096-4109. [PMID: 33997496 PMCID: PMC8091177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are common in clinical practice. Repairing critical-sized defects in musculoskeletal systems remains a challenge for researchers and surgeons, requiring the application of tissue engineering biomaterials. Successful application depends on the response of the host tissue to the biomaterial and specific healing process of each anatomical structure. The commonly-held view is that biomaterials should be biocompatible to minimize local host immune response. However, a growing number of studies have shown that active modulation of the immune cells, particularly macrophages, via biomaterials is an effective way to control immune response and promote tissue regeneration as well as biomaterial integration. Therefore, we critically review the role of macrophages in the repair of injured musculoskeletal system soft tissues, which have relatively poor regenerative capacities, as well as discuss further enhancement of target tissue regeneration via modulation of macrophage polarization by biomaterial-mediated immunomodulation (biomaterial properties and delivery systems). This active regulation approach rather than passive-evade strategy maximizes the potential of biomaterials to promote musculoskeletal system soft tissue regeneration and provides alternative therapeutic options for repairing critical-sized defects. Different phenotypes of macrophages play a crucial role in musculoskeletal system soft tissue regeneration. Biomaterials and biomaterial-based delivery systems can be utilized to modulate macrophage polarization. This review summarizes immunomodulatory biomaterials to spur musculoskeletal system soft tissue regeneration.
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30
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Wang Z, He X, Tang B, Chen X, Dong L, Cheng K, Weng W. Polarization behavior of bone marrow-derived macrophages on charged P(VDF-TrFE) coatings. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:874-881. [PMID: 33236731 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01604g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The immune response of bone implants is closely related to the interaction between macrophages and biomaterial surfaces. In this work, the polarization behavior of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), including their morphology and expression of phenotypic markers, genes and cytokines, on charged surfaces with different potential intensities was systematically explored. We found that the charged surface could effectively promote BMDM polarization, and a higher potential intensity was conducive to the upregulation of the polarization of BMDMs into the M2 phenotype. Based on the analysis of the signaling pathways involved in integrins (αMβ2 and α5β1) and the potassium ion channel (Kv1.3), a possible underlying mechanism revealed that the integrin originated signaling pathways could more dominantly regulate macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype. The present work therefore demonstrates that the surface charge, as a physicochemical property of material surfaces, could effectively regulate macrophage polarizations, which may provide an immunoregulation view for the surface design of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xuzhao He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Bolin Tang
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- The Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Lingqing Dong
- The Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Kui Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Wenjian Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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31
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Lin Z, Shen D, Zhou W, Zheng Y, Kong T, Liu X, Wu S, Chu PK, Zhao Y, Wu J, Cheung KM, Yeung KW. Regulation of extracellular bioactive cations in bone tissue microenvironment induces favorable osteoimmune conditions to accelerate in situ bone regeneration. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2315-2330. [PMID: 33553818 PMCID: PMC7840811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of orthopedic biomaterials has gradually shifted from “immune-friendly” to “immunomodulatory,” in which the biomaterials are able to modulate the inflammatory response via macrophage polarization in a local immune microenvironment that favors osteogenesis and implant-to-bone osseointegration. Despite the well-known effects of bioactive metallic ions on osteogenesis, how extracellular metallic ions manipulate immune cells in bone tissue microenvironments toward osteogenesis and subsequent bone formation has rarely been studied. Herein, we investigate the osteoimmunomodulatory effect of an extracellular bioactive cation (Mg2+) in the bone tissue microenvironment using custom-made poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)/MgO-alendronate microspheres that endow controllable release of magnesium ions. The results suggest that the Mg2+-controlled tissue microenvironment can effectively induce macrophage polarization from the M0 to M2 phenotype via the enhancement of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and pro-osteogenic (BMP-2 and TGF-β1) cytokines production. It also generates a favorable osteoimmune microenvironment that facilitates the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The in vivo results further verify that a large amount of bony tissue, with comparable bone mineral density and mechanical properties, has been generated at an early post-surgical stage in rat intramedullary bone defect models. This study demonstrates that the concept of in situ immunomodulated osteogenesis can be realized in a controlled magnesium tissue microenvironment. Controlled release of Mg2+ was achieved by the microfluidic electrosprayed PLGA/MgO-alendronate microspheres. PLGA/MgO-alendronate microspheres with satisfied osteoimmunomodulatory properties accelerated bone regeneration in vivo. Extracellular Mg2+ induced macrophage switch to M2 phenotype with enhanced expressions of IL-10, BMP-2 and TGF-β1. Osteoimmune microenvironment favourably upregulated the osteogenic expressions of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Lin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Corresponding author. College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, China.
| | - Danni Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, 1 Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weixiao Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Paul K. Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Centre for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, 1 Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kenneth M.C. Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin W.K. Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, 1 Haiyuan 1st Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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32
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Xue J, Xiao T, Wei S, Sun J, Zou Z, Shi M, Sun Q, Dai X, Wu L, Li J, Xia H, Tang H, Zhang A, Liu Q. miR-21-regulated M2 polarization of macrophage is involved in arsenicosis-induced hepatic fibrosis through the activation of hepatic stellate cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6025-6041. [PMID: 33481270 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arsenicosis induced by chronic exposure to arsenic is recognized as one of the main damaging effects on public health. Exposure to arsenic can cause hepatic fibrosis, but the molecular mechanisms by which this occurs are complex and elusive. It is not known if miRNAs are involved in arsenic-induced liver fibrosis. We found that in the livers of mice exposed to arsenite, there were elevated levels of microRNA-21 (miR-21), phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and arginase 1 (Arg1); low levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN); and more extensive liver fibrosis. For cultured cells, arsenite-induced miR-21, p-mTOR, and Arg1; decreased PTEN; and promoted M2 polarization of macrophages derived from THP-1 monocytes (THP-M), which caused secretion of fibrogenic cytokines, including transforming growth factor-β1. Coculture of arsenite-treated, THP-M with LX-2 cells induced α-SMA and collagen I in the LX-2 cells and resulted in the activation of these cells. Downregulation of miR-21 in THP-M inhibited arsenite-induced M2 polarization and activation of LX-2 cells, but cotransfection with PTEN siRNA or a miR-21 inhibitor reversed this inhibition. Moreover, knockout of miR-21 in mice attenuated liver fibrosis and M2 polarization compared with WT mice exposed to arsenite. Additionally, LN, PCIII, and HA levels were higher in patients with higher hair arsenic levels, and levels of miR-21 were higher than controls and positively correlated with PCIII, LN, and HA levels. Thus, arsenite induces the M2 polarization of macrophages via miR-21 regulation of PTEN, which is involved in the activation of hepatic stellate cells and hepatic fibrosis. The results establish a previously unknown mechanism for arsenicosis-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Xue
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Xiao
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaofeng Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhonglan Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyu Dai
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Wu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibo Xia
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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33
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Sun M, Shao H, Xu H, Yang X, Dong M, Gong J, Yu M, Gou Z, He Y, Liu A, Wang H. Biodegradable intramedullary nail (BIN) with high-strength bioceramics for bone fracture. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:969-982. [PMID: 33406205 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02423f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
About 10 million fractures occur worldwide each year, of which more than 60% are long bone fractures. It is generally agreed that intramedullary nails have significant advantages in rigid fracture fixation. Metal intramedullary nails (INs) can provide strong support but a stress shielding effect can occur that results in nonunion healing in clinic. Nondegradable metals also need to be removed by a second operation. Could INs be biodegradable and used to overcome this issue? As current degradable biomaterials always suffer from low strength and cannot be used in Ins, herein, we report a novel device consisting of biodegradable IN (BIN) made for the first time with bioceramics. These BINs have an extremely high bending strength and stable internal and external structure. Experiments show that the BINs could not only fix and support the tibial fracture model, but also promote osteogenesis and affect the microenvironment of the bone marrow cavity. Therefore, they could be expected to replace traditional metal IN and become a more effective treatment option for tibial fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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Xu N, Fu J, Zhao L, Chu PK, Huo K. Biofunctional Elements Incorporated Nano/Microstructured Coatings on Titanium Implants with Enhanced Osteogenic and Antibacterial Performance. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000681. [PMID: 32875743 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone fracture is prevalent among athletes and senior citizens and may require surgical insertion of bone implants. Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used in orthopedics due to its high corrosion resistance, good biocompatibility, and modulus compatible with natural bone tissues. However, bone repair and regrowth are impeded by the insufficient intrinsic osteogenetic capability of Ti and Ti alloys and potential bacterial infection. The physicochemical properties of the materials and nano/microstructures on the implant surface are crucial for clinical success and loading with biofunctional elements such as Sr, Zn, Cu, Si, and Ag into nano/microstructured TiO2 coating has been demonstrated to enhance bone repair/regeneration and bacterial resistance of Ti implants. In this review, recent advances in biofunctional element-incorporated nano/microstructured coatings on Ti and Ti alloy implants are described and the prospects and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Jijiang Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Lingzhou Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaifu Huo
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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35
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Nelson K, Hesse B, Addison O, Morrell AP, Gross C, Lagrange A, Suárez VI, Kohal R, Fretwurst T. Distribution and Chemical Speciation of Exogenous Micro- and Nanoparticles in Inflamed Soft Tissue Adjacent to Titanium and Ceramic Dental Implants. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14432-14443. [PMID: 32970419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of the implant surface and particle release/formation as an inflammation catalyst mechanism is an emerging concept in dental medicine that may help explain the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. The aim of the present study was a synchrotron-based characterization of micro- and nanosized implant-related particles in inflamed human tissues around titanium and ceramic dental implants that exhibited signs of peri-implantitis. Size, distribution, and chemical speciation of the exogenous micro- and nanosized particle content were evaluated using synchrotron μ-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), nano-XRF, and μ-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). Titanium particles, with variable speciation, were detected in all tissue sections associated with titanium implants. Ceramic particles were found in five out of eight tissue samples associated with ceramic implants. Particles ranged in size from micro- to nanoscale. The local density of both titanium and ceramic particles was calculated to be as high as ∼40 million particles/mm3. μ-XANES identified titanium in predominantly two different chemistries, including metallic and titanium dioxide (TiO2). The findings highlight the propensity for particle accumulation in the inflamed tissues around dental implants and will help in guiding toxicological studies to determine the biological significance of such exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Nelson
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery/Translational Implantology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hesse
- Xploraytion GmbH, Bismarckstrasse 10-12, 10625 Berlin, Germany.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Owen Addison
- Centre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, U.K
| | - Alexander P Morrell
- Centre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, U.K
| | - Christian Gross
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery/Translational Implantology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adrien Lagrange
- Xploraytion GmbH, Bismarckstrasse 10-12, 10625 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa I Suárez
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Ralf Kohal
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Fretwurst
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery/Translational Implantology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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36
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Korabecna M, Zinkova A, Brynychova I, Chylikova B, Prikryl P, Sedova L, Neuzil P, Seda O. Cell-free DNA in plasma as an essential immune system regulator. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17478. [PMID: 33060738 PMCID: PMC7566599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is always present in plasma, and it is biomarker of growing interest in prenatal diagnostics as well as in oncology and transplantology for therapy efficiency monitoring. But does this cfDNA have a physiological role? Here we show that cfDNA presence and clearance in plasma of healthy individuals plays an indispensable role in immune system regulation. We exposed THP1 cells to healthy individuals' plasma with (NP) and without (TP) cfDNA. In cells treated with NP, we found elevated expression of genes whose products maintain immune system homeostasis. Exposure of cells to TP triggered an innate immune response (IIR), documented particularly by elevated expression of pro-inflammatory interleukin 8. The results of mass spectrometry showed a higher abundance of proteins associated with IIR activation due to the regulation of complement cascade in cells cultivated with TP. These expression profiles provide evidence that the presence of cfDNA and its clearance in plasma of healthy individuals regulate fundamental mechanisms of the inflammation process and tissue homeostasis. The detailed understanding how neutrophil extracellular traps and their naturally occurring degradation products affect the performance of immune system is of crucial interest for future medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Korabecna
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - A Zinkova
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - I Brynychova
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B Chylikova
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Prikryl
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathological Physiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Sedova
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Neuzil
- Department of Microsystem Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - O Seda
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
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37
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Wan B, Wang R, Sun Y, Cao J, Wang H, Guo J, Chen D. Building Osteogenic Microenvironments With Strontium-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Ceramics. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:591467. [PMID: 33117789 PMCID: PMC7576675 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.591467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioceramics have experienced great development over the past 50 years. Modern bioceramics are designed to integrate bioactive ions within ceramic granules to trigger living tissue regeneration. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that strontium is a safe and effective divalent metal ion for preventing osteoporosis, which has led to its incorporation in calcium phosphate-based ceramics. The local release of strontium ions during degradation results in moderate concentrations that trigger osteogenesis with few systemic side effects. Moreover, strontium has been proven to generate a favorable immune environment and promote early angiogenesis at the implantation site. Herein, the important aspects of strontium-enriched calcium phosphate bioceramics (Sr-CaPs), and how Sr-CaPs affect the osteogenic microenvironment, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renxian Wang
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
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38
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Corsi F, Carotenuto F, Di Nardo P, Teodori L. Harnessing Inorganic Nanoparticles to Direct Macrophage Polarization for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1963. [PMID: 33023138 PMCID: PMC7600736 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of macrophage plasticity is emerging as a successful strategy in tissue engineering (TE) to control the immune response elicited by the implanted material. Indeed, one major determinant of success in regenerating tissues and organs is to achieve the correct balance between immune pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution players. In recent years, nanoparticle-mediated macrophage polarization towards the pro- or anti-inflammatory subtypes is gaining increasing interest in the biomedical field. In TE, despite significant progress in the use of nanomaterials, the full potential of nanoparticles as effective immunomodulators has not yet been completely realized. This work discusses the contribution that nanotechnology gives to TE applications, helping native or synthetic scaffolds to direct macrophage polarization; here, three bioactive metallic and ceramic nanoparticles (gold, titanium oxide, and cerium oxide nanoparticles) are proposed as potential valuable tools to trigger skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Corsi
- Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security, Diagnostic and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (F.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Felicia Carotenuto
- Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security, Diagnostic and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (F.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center of Regenerative Medicine (CIMER), University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Nardo
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center of Regenerative Medicine (CIMER), University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- L.L. Levshin Institute of Cluster Oncology, I. M. Sechenov First Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Laura Teodori
- Department of Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security, Diagnostic and Metrology (FSN-TECFIS-DIM), ENEA, 00044 Frascati, Italy; (F.C.); (F.C.)
- Interdepartmental Center of Regenerative Medicine (CIMER), University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
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39
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Mehrabi T, Mesgar AS, Mohammadi Z. Bioactive Glasses: A Promising Therapeutic Ion Release Strategy for Enhancing Wound Healing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5399-5430. [PMID: 33320556 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The morbidity, mortality, and burden of burn victims and patients with severe diabetic wounds are still high, which leads to an extensively growing demand for novel treatments with high clinical efficacy. Biomaterial-based wound treatment approaches have progressed over time from simple cotton wool dressings to advanced skin substitutes containing cells and growth factors; however, no wound care approach is yet completely satisfying. Bioactive glasses are materials with potential in many areas that exhibit unique features in biomedical applications. Today, bioactive glasses are not only amorphous solid structures that can be used as a substitute in hard tissue but also are promising materials for soft tissue regeneration and wound healing applications. Biologically active elements such as Ag, B, Ca, Ce, Co, Cu, Ga, Mg, Se, Sr, and Zn can be incorporated in glass networks; hence, the superiority of these multifunctional materials over current materials results from their ability to release multiple therapeutic ions in the wound environment, which target different stages of the wound healing process. Bioactive glasses and their dissolution products have high potency for inducing angiogenesis and exerting several biological impacts on cell functions, which are involved in wound healing and some other features that are valuable in wound healing applications, namely hemostatic and antibacterial properties. In this review, we focus on skin structure, the dynamic process of wound healing in injured skin, and existing wound care approaches. The basic concepts of bioactive glasses are reviewed to better understand the relationship between glass structure and its properties. We illustrate the active role of bioactive glasses in wound repair and regeneration. Finally, research studies that have used bioactive glasses in wound healing applications are summarized and the future trends in this field are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Mehrabi
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Abdorreza S Mesgar
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadi
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
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40
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Xie Y, Hu C, Feng Y, Li D, Ai T, Huang Y, Chen X, Huang L, Tan J. Osteoimmunomodulatory effects of biomaterial modification strategies on macrophage polarization and bone regeneration. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:233-245. [PMID: 32523726 PMCID: PMC7266668 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials as bone substitutes are always considered as foreign bodies that can trigger host immune responses. Traditional designing principles have been always aimed at minimizing the immune reactions by fabricating inert biomaterials. However, clinical evidence revealed that those methods still have limitations and many of which were only feasible in the laboratory. Currently, osteoimmunology, the very pioneering concept is drawing more and more attention-it does not simply regard the immune response as an obstacle during bone healing but emphasizes the intimate relationship of the immune and skeletal system, which includes diverse cells, cytokines, and signaling pathways. Properties of biomaterials like topography, wettability, surface charge, the release of cytokines, mediators, ions and other bioactive molecules can impose effects on immune responses to interfere with the skeletal system. Based on the bone formation mechanisms, the designing methods of the biomaterials change from immune evasive to immune reprogramming. Here, we discuss the osteoimmunomodulatory effects of the new modification strategies-adjusting properties of bone biomaterials to induce a favorable osteoimmune environment. Such strategies showed potential to benefit the development of bone materials and lay a solid foundation for the future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China
| | - Danfeng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Ai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China
| | - Yulei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China
| | - Lijia Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, P. R. China
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41
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Bertasso AS, Léon JE, Silva RAB, Silva LAB, Queiroz AM, Pucinelli CM, Romualdo PC, Nelson‐Filho P. Immunophenotypic quantification of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization in radicular cysts of primary and permanent teeth. Int Endod J 2020; 53:627-635. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Bertasso
- Department of Pediatric DentistrySchool of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo Ribeirão PretoSPBrazil
| | - J. E. Léon
- Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health and Forensic Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - R. A. B. Silva
- Department of Pediatric DentistrySchool of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo Ribeirão PretoSPBrazil
| | - L. A. B. Silva
- Department of Pediatric DentistrySchool of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo Ribeirão PretoSPBrazil
| | - A. M. Queiroz
- Department of Pediatric DentistrySchool of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo Ribeirão PretoSPBrazil
| | - C. M. Pucinelli
- Department of Pediatric DentistrySchool of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo Ribeirão PretoSPBrazil
| | - P. C. Romualdo
- Department of Pediatric DentistrySchool of Dentistry of Ribeirão PretoUniversity of São Paulo Ribeirão PretoSPBrazil
| | - P. Nelson‐Filho
- Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health and Forensic Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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42
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Ion R, Necula MG, Mazare A, Mitran V, Neacsu P, Schmuki P, Cimpean A. Drug Delivery Systems Based on Titania Nanotubes and Active Agents for Enhanced Osseointegration of Bone Implants. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:854-902. [PMID: 31362646 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190726123229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) are attractive nanostructures for localized drug delivery. Owing to their excellent biocompatibility and physicochemical properties, numerous functionalizations of TNTs have been attempted for their use as therapeutic agent delivery platforms. In this review, we discuss the current advances in the applications of TNT-based delivery systems with an emphasis on the various functionalizations of TNTs for enhancing osteogenesis at the bone-implant interface and for preventing implant-related infection. Innovation of therapies for enhancing osteogenesis still represents a critical challenge in regeneration of bone defects. The overall concept focuses on the use of osteoconductive materials in combination with the use of osteoinductive or osteopromotive factors. In this context, we highlight the strategies for improving the functionality of TNTs, using five classes of bioactive agents: growth factors (GFs), statins, plant derived molecules, inorganic therapeutic ions/nanoparticles (NPs) and antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Georgiana Necula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Mazare
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Materials Science, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Valentina Mitran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Patricia Neacsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Patrik Schmuki
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Materials Science, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anisoara Cimpean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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43
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Chen Y, Guan M, Ren R, Gao C, Cheng H, Li Y, Gao B, Wei Y, Fu J, Sun J, Xiong W. Improved Immunoregulation of Ultra-Low-Dose Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded TiO 2 Nanotubes via M2 Macrophage Polarization by Regulating GLUT1 and Autophagy. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:2011-2026. [PMID: 32273699 PMCID: PMC7102919 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s242919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The bone regeneration of endosseous implanted biomaterials is often impaired by the host immune response, especially macrophage-related inflammation which plays an important role in the bone healing process. Thus, it is a promising strategy to design an osteo-immunomodulatory biomaterial to take advantage of the macrophage-related immune response and improve the osseointegration performance of the implant. Methods In this study, we developed an antibacterial silver nanoparticle-loaded TiO2 nanotubes (Ag@TiO2-NTs) using an electrochemical anodization method to make the surface modification and investigated the influences of Ag@TiO2-NTs on the macrophage polarization, osteo-immune microenvironment as well as its potential molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Results The results showed that Ag@TiO2-NTs with controlled releasing of ultra-low-dose Ag+ ions had the excellent ability to induce the macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype and create a suitable osteo-immune microenvironment in vitro, via inhibiting PI3K/Akt, suppressing the downstream effector GLUT1, and activating autophagy. Moreover, Ag@TiO2-NTs surface could improve bone formation, suppress inflammation, and promote osteo-immune microenvironment compared to the TiO2-NTs and polished Ti surfaces in vivo. These findings suggested that Ag@TiO2-NTs with controlled releasing of ultra-low-dose Ag+ ions could not only inhibit the inflammation process but also promote the bone healing by inducing healing-associated M2 polarization. Discussion Using this surface modification strategy to modulate the macrophage-related immune response, rather than prevent the host response, maybe a promising strategy for implant surgeries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmengfan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranyue Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghao Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jijiang Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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Negreiros-Lima GL, Lima KM, Moreira IZ, Jardim BLO, Vago JP, Galvão I, Teixeira LCR, Pinho V, Teixeira MM, Sugimoto MA, Sousa LP. Cyclic AMP Regulates Key Features of Macrophages via PKA: Recruitment, Reprogramming and Efferocytosis. Cells 2020; 9:E128. [PMID: 31935860 PMCID: PMC7017228 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are central to inflammation resolution, an active process aimed at restoring tissue homeostasis following an inflammatory response. Here, the effects of db-cAMP on macrophage phenotype and function were investigated. Injection of db-cAMP into the pleural cavity of mice induced monocytes recruitment in a manner dependent on PKA and CCR2/CCL2 pathways. Furthermore, db-cAMP promoted reprogramming of bone-marrow-derived macrophages to a M2 phenotype as seen by increased Arg-1/CD206/Ym-1 expression and IL-10 levels (M2 markers). Db-cAMP also showed a synergistic effect with IL-4 in inducing STAT-3 phosphorylation and Arg-1 expression. Importantly, db-cAMP prevented IFN-γ/LPS-induced macrophage polarization to M1-like as shown by increased Arg-1 associated to lower levels of M1 cytokines (TNF-α/IL-6) and p-STAT1. In vivo, db-cAMP reduced the number of M1 macrophages induced by LPS injection without changes in M2 and Mres numbers. Moreover, db-cAMP enhanced efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils in a PKA-dependent manner and increased the expression of Annexin A1 and CD36, two molecules associated with efferocytosis. Finally, inhibition of endogenous PKA during LPS-induced pleurisy impaired the physiological resolution of inflammation. Taken together, the results suggest that cAMP is involved in the major functions of macrophages, such as nonphlogistic recruitment, reprogramming and efferocytosis, all key processes for inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele L. Negreiros-Lima
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (G.L.N.-L.); (I.Z.M.); (B.L.O.J.); (L.C.R.T.)
| | - Kátia M. Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Isabella Z. Moreira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (G.L.N.-L.); (I.Z.M.); (B.L.O.J.); (L.C.R.T.)
| | - Bruna Lorrayne O. Jardim
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (G.L.N.-L.); (I.Z.M.); (B.L.O.J.); (L.C.R.T.)
| | - Juliana P. Vago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (J.P.V.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Izabela Galvão
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (I.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Lívia Cristina R. Teixeira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (G.L.N.-L.); (I.Z.M.); (B.L.O.J.); (L.C.R.T.)
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (I.G.); (V.P.)
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (J.P.V.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Michelle A. Sugimoto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Medicina Tropical, Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil;
| | - Lirlândia P. Sousa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (G.L.N.-L.); (I.Z.M.); (B.L.O.J.); (L.C.R.T.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
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45
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Wosik J, Suarez-Villagran M, Miller JH, Ghobrial RM, Kloc M. Macrophage phenotype bioengineered by magnetic, genetic, or pharmacologic interference. Immunol Res 2019; 67:1-11. [PMID: 30649660 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-9066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In all eukaryotes, the cell shape depends on the actin filament cytoskeleton, which is regulated by the small GTPase RhoA. It is well known that the cell shape determines cell function and behavior. Inversely, any change in the cell behavior and/or function reverberates at the cell shape. In this review, we describe how mechanical/magnetic, genetic, or pharmacologic interference with the actin cytoskeleton enforces changes in cell shape and function and how such techniques can be used to control the phenotype and functions of immune cells such as macrophages and to develop novel anti-cancer and anti-rejection clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarek Wosik
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA. .,Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, HSC Bldg., Rm. 202, Houston, TX, 77204-5002, USA.
| | - Martha Suarez-Villagran
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.,Physics Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John H Miller
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.,Physics Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rafik M Ghobrial
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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46
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Borys J, Maciejczyk M, Antonowicz B, Sidun J, Świderska M, Zalewska A. Free Radical Production, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Patients Treated With Titanium Mandibular Fixations-An Observational Study. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2662. [PMID: 31781128 PMCID: PMC6857478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite high biocompatibility of titanium and its alloys, this metal causes various side effects in the human body. It is believed that titanium biomaterials may induce an innate/adaptive immune response. However, still little is known about changes caused by titanium mandible implants, particularly with regard to bone healing. The latest studies showed disturbances in the antioxidant barrier, increased oxidative/nitrosative stress, as well as mitochondrial abnormalities in the periosteum covering titanium mandible fixations; nevertheless, the impact of titanium implants on free radical production, inflammation, and mandible apoptosis are still unknown. Because severe inflammation and apoptosis are among the main factors responsible for disturbances in osteointegration as well as implant rejection, this study is the first to evaluate pro-oxidant enzymes, cytokines as well as pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in the periosteum of patients with a broken jaw, treated with titanium miniplates and miniscrews. The study group consisted of 29 patients with double-sided fracture of the mandible body requiring surgical treatment. We found significantly higher activity of NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase as well as enhanced rate of free radical production in the periosteum of patients in the study group compared to the control group. The markers of inflammation [interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and β-glucuronidase (GLU)] as well as apoptosis [Bax, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase-3 (CAS-3) and nitric oxide (NO)] were significantly elevated in periosteum covering titanium fixations compared to the control group. In the study group, we also demonstrated an increased content of titanium on the periosteum surface, which positively correlated with CAS-3 activity. The study led us to the conclusion that titanium mandible implants increase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhance free radical generation in the periosteum covering titanium miniplates and miniscrews. Additionally, exposure to Ti6Al4V titanium alloy induces apoptosis in the mandible periosteum. However, no clinical signs of the said phenomena have been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borys
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bożena Antonowicz
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jarosław Sidun
- Department of Material and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Świderska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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47
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Park JW. Positive regulation of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-stimulated osteoblast functions by strontium modification of an SLA titanium implant surface. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:802-811. [PMID: 31558092 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219878836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Park
- School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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48
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Ding X, Li X, Li C, Qi M, Zhang Z, Sun X, Wang L, Zhou Y. Chitosan/Dextran Hydrogel Constructs Containing Strontium-Doped Hydroxyapatite with Enhanced Osteogenic Potential in Rat Cranium. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4574-4586. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
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49
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Li D, Li Y, Shrestha A, Wang S, Wu Q, Li L, Guan C, Wang C, Fu T, Liu W, Huang Y, Ji P, Chen T. Effects of Programmed Local Delivery from a Micro/Nano-Hierarchical Surface on Titanium Implant on Infection Clearance and Osteogenic Induction in an Infected Bone Defect. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900002. [PMID: 30985090 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The two major causes for implant failure are postoperative infection and poor osteogenesis. Initial period of osteointegration is regulated by immunocytes and osteogenic-related cells resulting in inflammatory response and tissue healing. The healing phase can be influenced by various environmental factors and biological cascade effect. To synthetically orchestrate bone-promoting factors on biomaterial surface, built is a dual delivery system coated on a titanium surface (abbreviated as AH-Sr-AgNPs). The results show that this programmed delivery system can release Ag+ and Sr2+ in a temporal-spatial manner to clear pathogens and activate preosteoblast differentiation partially through manipulating the polarization of macrophages. Both in vitro and in vivo assays show that AH-Sr-AgNPs-modified surface renders a microenvironment adverse for bacterial survival and favorable for macrophage polarization (M2), which further promotes the differentiation of preosteoblasts. Infected New Zealand rabbit femoral metaphysis defect model is used to confirm the osteogenic property of AH-Sr-AgNPs implants through micro-CT, histological, and histomorphometric analyses. These findings demonstrate that the programmed surface with dual delivery of Sr2+ and Ag+ has the potential of achieving an enhanced osteogenic outcome through favorable immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dize Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing 401147 P. R. China
| | - Yihan Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing 401147 P. R. China
| | - Annie Shrestha
- Faculty of DentistryUniversity of Toronto Toronto ON M5G 1G6 Canada
| | - Si Wang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing 401147 P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing 401147 P. R. China
| | - Lingjie Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing 401147 P. R. China
| | - Chao Guan
- Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jiaxing 314001 P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing 401147 P. R. China
| | - Tiwei Fu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing 401147 P. R. China
| | - Wenzhao Liu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing 401147 P. R. China
| | - Yuanding Huang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing 401147 P. R. China
| | - Ping Ji
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing 401147 P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical SciencesChongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing 401147 P. R. China
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50
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Wang C, Chen B, Wang W, Zhang X, Hu T, He Y, Lin K, Liu X. Strontium released bi-lineage scaffolds with immunomodulatory properties induce a pro-regenerative environment for osteochondral regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109833. [PMID: 31349499 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The different lineage-specific biological properties of articular cartilage and subchondral bone present a great challenge in the construction of bi-lineage scaffolds for simultaneous osteochondral regeneration. To overcome this challenge, strontium incorporated calcium silicate (Sr-CS) ceramic was prepared for bi-lineage formation of scaffolds in this study. The positive result of Sr-CS in the regeneration of osteochondral defects was first proven by its improved effect on the osteogenesis and chondrogenesis induction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). After that, scaffold-mediated macrophage polarization between classically activated inflammatory macrophages (termed M1Ф) and alternatively activated inflammatory macrophages (termed M2Ф) was assayed to investigate whether the incorporation of Sr into calcium silicate could alter host-to-scaffold immune response. Furthermore, the interactions between Sr-CS pretreated macrophages and MSCs differentiation were performed to prove the enhancement effect of suppressed inflammatory response on osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. In vivo transplantation showed that the Sr-CS scaffolds distinctly improved the regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone, as compared to the calcium silicate scaffolds. On the one hand, the mechanism attributes to enhancement of strontium on the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. On the other hand, the reason can partially be attributed to suppressed synovial inflammatory response, which has improved effects on enhancement of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. These findings suggest that monophasic Sr-CS scaffolds with a bi-lineage conducive property and an inflammatory response regulatory property represents a viable strategy for simultaneous regeneration of osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Bi Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xuancheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Tu Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yaohua He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
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