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Türker E, Andrade Mier MS, Faber J, Padilla Padilla SJ, Murenu N, Stahlhut P, Lang G, Lamberger Z, Weigelt J, Schaefer N, Tessmar J, Strissel PL, Blunk T, Budday S, Strick R, Villmann C. Breast Tumor Cell Survival and Morphology in a Brain-like Extracellular Matrix Depends on Matrix Composition and Mechanical Properties. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2400184. [PMID: 38971965 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most invasive type of breast cancer with high risk of brain metastasis. To better understand interactions between breast tumors with the brain extracellular matrix (ECM), a 3D cell culture model is implemented using a thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) based hydrogel. The latter is used as HA represents a major component of brain ECM. Melt-electrowritten (MEW) scaffolds of box- and triangular-shaped polycaprolactone (PCL) micro-fibers for hydrogel reinforcement are utilized. Two different molecular weight HA-SH materials (230 and 420 kDa) are used with elastic moduli of 148 ± 34 Pa (soft) and 1274 ± 440 Pa (stiff). Both hydrogels demonstrate similar porosities. The different molecular weight of HA-SH, however, significantly changes mechanical properties, e.g., stiffness, nonlinearity, and hysteresis. The breast tumor cell line MDA-MB-231 forms mainly multicellular aggregates in both HA-SH hydrogels but sustains high viability (75%). Supplementation of HA-SH hydrogels with ECM components does not affect gene expression but improves cell viability and impacts cellular distribution and morphology. The presence of other brain cell types further support numerous cell-cell interactions with tumor cells. In summary, the present 3D cell culture model represents a novel tool establishing a disease cell culture model in a systematic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Türker
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacherstr. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mateo S Andrade Mier
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacherstr. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Faber
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics and Biomechanics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Selma J Padilla Padilla
- Department of Biomaterials, Engineering Faculty, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nicoletta Murenu
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacherstr. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gregor Lang
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zan Lamberger
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jeanette Weigelt
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natascha Schaefer
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacherstr. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Tessmar
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University Hospital Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pamela L Strissel
- Institute of Pathology, Krankenhausstrasse 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 21/23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Budday
- Institute of Continuum Mechanics and Biomechanics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reiner Strick
- University Hospital Erlangen, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 21/23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carmen Villmann
- Institute for Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Versbacherstr. 5, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
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Zwirner J, Devananthan P, Docherty PD, Ondruschka B, Kabaliuk N. The influence of cooling on biomechanical time since death estimations using ovine brain tissue. Int J Legal Med 2024:10.1007/s00414-024-03267-3. [PMID: 38902542 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The significance of biomechanical analyses for forensic time since death estimations has recently been demonstrated. Previous biomechanical analyses successfully discriminated post-mortem brain tissue from tissue with a post-mortem interval of at least one day when held at 20 °C. However, the practical utility of such analyses beyond day one at 20 °C was limited. This study investigates the storage, loss, and complex shear modulus of various brain regions in sheep stored at 4 °C in 24-hour intervals over four days post-mortem using rheometry tests. The aim is to identify the critical biomechanical tissue property values to predict post-mortem time and assess the temperature sensitivity of the rheometry method by comparing results to recent findings at 20 °C. Thirty sheep brains were examined, including the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, anterior and posterior deep brain, superior colliculi, pons, medulla, and cerebellum. Rheometry tests were conducted, and receiver operator characteristic analyses were employed to establish cut-off values. At 4 °C storage, all investigated biomechanical properties of the examined brain regions remained stable for at least one day post-mortem. Using cerebellar samples stored at 4 °C, a post-mortem interval of at least two days could be determined with excellent diagnostic ability. Complex shear modulus values below 1435 Pa or storage modulus values below 1313 Pa allowed prediction of two or more days post-mortem. Comparisons between 4 °C and 20 °C revealed brain region-specific results. For instance, the complex shear moduli of the anterior deep brain at 4 °C were significantly higher on all individual testing days when compared to 20 °C. In contrast, the combined medulla and pons samples were similar on each day. Rheometry testing of brain tissue consistently stored at 4 °C since death proved valuable for forensic time since death estimations starting from two days after death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Zwirner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Pavithran Devananthan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Paul D Docherty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Ondruschka
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Kabaliuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Bergs J, Morr AS, Silva RV, Infante-Duarte C, Sack I. The Networking Brain: How Extracellular Matrix, Cellular Networks, and Vasculature Shape the In Vivo Mechanical Properties of the Brain. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402338. [PMID: 38874205 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Mechanically, the brain is characterized by both solid and fluid properties. The resulting unique material behavior fosters proliferation, differentiation, and repair of cellular and vascular networks, and optimally protects them from damaging shear forces. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a noninvasive imaging technique that maps the mechanical properties of the brain in vivo. MRE studies have shown that abnormal processes such as neuronal degeneration, demyelination, inflammation, and vascular leakage lead to tissue softening. In contrast, neuronal proliferation, cellular network formation, and higher vascular pressure result in brain stiffening. In addition, brain viscosity has been reported to change with normal blood perfusion variability and brain maturation as well as disease conditions such as tumor invasion. In this article, the contributions of the neuronal, glial, extracellular, and vascular networks are discussed to the coarse-grained parameters determined by MRE. This reductionist multi-network model of brain mechanics helps to explain many MRE observations in terms of microanatomical changes and suggests that cerebral viscoelasticity is a suitable imaging marker for brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Bergs
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna S Morr
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rafaela V Silva
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, ECRC Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingolf Sack
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Li B, Zhao A, Tian T, Yang X. Mechanobiological insight into brain diseases based on mechanosensitive channels: Common mechanisms and clinical potential. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14809. [PMID: 38923822 PMCID: PMC11197048 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As physical signals, mechanical cues regulate the neural cells in the brain. The mechanosensitive channels (MSCs) perceive the mechanical cues and transduce them by permeating specific ions or molecules across the plasma membrane, and finally trigger a series of intracellular bioelectrical and biochemical signals. Emerging evidence supports that wide-distributed, high-expressed MSCs like Piezo1 play important roles in several neurophysiological processes and neurological disorders. AIMS To systematically conclude the functions of MSCs in the brain and provide a novel mechanobiological perspective for brain diseases. METHOD We summarized the mechanical cues and MSCs detected in the brain and the research progress on the functional roles of MSCs in physiological conditions. We then concluded the pathological activation and downstream pathways triggered by MSCs in two categories of brain diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and place-occupying damages. Finally, we outlined the methods for manipulating MSCs and discussed their medical potential with some crucial outstanding issues. RESULTS The MSCs present underlying common mechanisms in different brain diseases by acting as the "transportation hubs" to transduce the distinct signal patterns: the upstream mechanical cues and the downstream intracellular pathways. Manipulating the MSCs is feasible to alter the complicated downstream processes, providing them promising targets for clinical treatment. CONCLUSIONS Recent research on MSCs provides a novel insight into brain diseases. The common mechanisms mediated by MSCs inspire a wide range of therapeutic potentials targeted on MSCs in different brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolong Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
| | - An‐ran Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
- Faculty of Life and Health SciencesShenzhen University of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Tian Tian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Faculty of Life and Health SciencesShenzhen University of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Xin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Faculty of Life and Health SciencesShenzhen University of Advanced TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina
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5
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Kondapaneni RV, Gurung SK, Nakod PS, Goodarzi K, Yakati V, Lenart NA, Rao SS. Glioblastoma mechanobiology at multiple length scales. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 160:213860. [PMID: 38640876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a primary brain cancer, is one of the most aggressive forms of human cancer, with a very low patient survival rate. A characteristic feature of GBM is the diffuse infiltration of tumor cells into the surrounding brain extracellular matrix (ECM) that provide biophysical, topographical, and biochemical cues. In particular, ECM stiffness and composition is known to play a key role in controlling various GBM cell behaviors including proliferation, migration, invasion, as well as the stem-like state and response to chemotherapies. In this review, we discuss the mechanical characteristics of the GBM microenvironment at multiple length scales, and how biomaterial scaffolds such as polymeric hydrogels, and fibers, as well as microfluidic chip-based platforms have been employed as tissue mimetic models to study GBM mechanobiology. We also highlight how such tissue mimetic models can impact the field of GBM mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Vamsi Kondapaneni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Sumiran Kumar Gurung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Pinaki S Nakod
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Kasra Goodarzi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Venu Yakati
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Nicholas A Lenart
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Shreyas S Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
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Mathes TG, Monirizad M, Ermis M, de Barros NR, Rodriguez M, Kraatz HB, Jucaud V, Khademhosseini A, Falcone N. Effects of amyloid-β-mimicking peptide hydrogel matrix on neuronal progenitor cell phenotype. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00259-9. [PMID: 38801867 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembling peptide-based hydrogels have become a highly attractive scaffold for three-dimensional (3D) in vitro disease modeling as they provide a way to create tunable matrices that can resemble the extracellular matrix (ECM) of various microenvironments. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an exceptionally complex neurodegenerative condition; however, our understanding has advanced due to the transition from two-dimensional (2D) to 3D in vitro modeling. Nonetheless, there is a current gap in knowledge regarding the role of amyloid structures, and previously developed models found long-term difficulty in creating an appropriate model involving the ECM and amyloid aggregates. In this report, we propose a multi-component self-assembling peptide-based hydrogel scaffold to mimic the amyloid-beta (β) containing microenvironment. Characterization of the amyloid-β-mimicking hydrogel (Col-HAMA-FF) reveals the formation of β-sheet structures as a result of the self-assembling properties of phenylalanine (Phe, F) through π-π stacking of the residues, thus mimicking the amyloid-β protein nanostructures. We investigated the effect of the amyloid-β-mimicking microenvironment on healthy neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) compared to a natural-mimicking matrix (Col-HAMA). Our results demonstrated higher levels of neuroinflammation and apoptosis markers when NPCs were cultured in the amyloid-like matrix compared to a natural brain matrix. Here, we provided insights into the impact of amyloid-like structures on NPC phenotypes and behaviors. This foundational work, before progressing to more complex plaque models, provides a promising scaffold for future investigations on AD mechanisms and drug testing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we engineered two multi-component hydrogels: one to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain and one to resemble an amyloid-like microenvironment using a self-assembling peptide hydrogel. The self-assembling peptide mimics β-amyloid fibrils seen in amyloid-β protein aggregates. We report on the culture of neuronal progenitor cells within the amyloid-mimicking ECM scaffold to study the impact through marker expressions related to inflammation and DNA damage. This foundational work, before progressing to more complex plaque models, offers a promising scaffold for future investigations on AD mechanisms and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Grett Mathes
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mahsa Monirizad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Menekse Ermis
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA; BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Natan Roberto de Barros
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marco Rodriguez
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada; Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Natashya Falcone
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Huang YH, Vaez Ghaemi R, Cheon J, Yadav VG, Frostad JM. The mechanical effects of chemical stimuli on neurospheres. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024:10.1007/s10237-024-01841-7. [PMID: 38613619 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The formulation of more accurate models to describe tissue mechanics necessitates the availability of tools and instruments that can precisely measure the mechanical response of tissues to physical loads and other stimuli. In this regard, neuroscience has trailed other life sciences owing to the unavailability of representative live tissue models and deficiency of experimentation tools. We previously addressed both challenges by employing a novel instrument called the cantilevered-capillary force apparatus (CCFA) to elucidate the mechanical properties of mouse neurospheres under compressive forces. The neurospheres were derived from murine stem cells, and our study was the first of its kind to investigate the viscoelasticity of living neural tissues in vitro. In the current study, we demonstrate the utility of the CCFA as a broadly applicable tool to evaluate tissue mechanics by quantifying the effect that oxidative stress has on the mechanical properties of neurospheres. We treated mouse neurospheres with non-cytotoxic levels of hydrogen peroxide and subsequently evaluated the storage and loss moduli of the tissues under compression and tension. We observed that the neurospheres exhibit viscoelasticity consistent with neural tissue and show that elastic modulus decreases with increasing size of the neurosphere. Our study yields insights for establishing rheological measurements as biomarkers by laying the groundwork for measurement techniques and showing that the influence of a particular treatment may be misinterpreted if the size dependence is ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Han Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Roza Vaez Ghaemi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - James Cheon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Vikramaditya G Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - John M Frostad
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Department of Food Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Anderson SM, Kelly M, Odde DJ. Glioblastoma Cells Use an Integrin- and CD44-Mediated Motor-Clutch Mode of Migration in Brain Tissue. Cell Mol Bioeng 2024; 17:121-135. [PMID: 38737451 PMCID: PMC11082118 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-024-00799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignant brain tumor with 2 year survival rates of 6.7% (Stupp et al. in J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 25:4127-4136, 2007; Mohammed et al. in Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 27:1026-1036, 2002). One key characteristic of the disease is the ability of glioblastoma cells to migrate rapidly and spread throughout healthy brain tissue (Lefranc et al. in J Clin Oncol Off J Am Soc Clin Oncol 23:2411-2422, 2005; Hoelzinger et al. in J Natl Cancer Inst 21:1583-1593, 2007). To develop treatments that effectively target cell migration, it is important to understand the fundamental mechanism driving cell migration in brain tissue. Several models of cell migration have been proposed, including the motor-clutch, bleb-based motility, and osmotic engine models. Methods Here we utilized confocal imaging to measure traction dynamics and migration speeds of glioblastoma cells in mouse organotypic brain slices to identify the mode of cell migration. Results We found that nearly all cell-vasculature interactions reflected pulling, rather than pushing, on vasculature at the cell leading edge, a finding consistent with a motor-clutch mode of migration, and inconsistent with an osmotic engine model or confined bleb-based migration. Reducing myosin motor activity, a key component in the motor-clutch model, was found to decrease migration speed at high doses for all cell types including U251 and 6 low-passage patient-derived xenograft lines (3 proneural and 3 mesenchymal subtypes). Variable responses were found at low doses, consistent with a motor-clutch mode of migration which predicts a biphasic relationship between migration speed and motor-to-clutch ratio. Targeting of molecular clutches including integrins and CD44 slowed migration of U251 cells. Conclusions Overall we find that glioblastoma cell migration is most consistent with a motor-clutch mechanism to migrate through brain tissue ex vivo, and that both integrins and CD44, as well as myosin motors, play an important role in constituting the adhesive clutch. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-024-00799-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Marcus Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - David J. Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
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Shu J, Deng H, Zhang Y, Wu F, He J. Cancer cell response to extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical cue: opportunities for tumor apoptosis strategies. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae016. [PMID: 38476678 PMCID: PMC10932484 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing studies have revealed the importance of mechanical cues in tumor progression, invasiveness and drug resistance. During malignant transformation, changes manifest in either the mechanical properties of the tissue or the cellular ability to sense and respond to mechanical signals. The major focus of the review is the subtle correlation between mechanical cues and apoptosis in tumor cells from a mechanobiology perspective. To begin, we focus on the intracellular force, examining the mechanical properties of the cell interior, and outlining the role that the cytoskeleton and intracellular organelle-mediated intracellular forces play in tumor cell apoptosis. This article also elucidates the mechanisms by which extracellular forces guide tumor cell mechanosensing, ultimately triggering the activation of the mechanotransduction pathway and impacting tumor cell apoptosis. Finally, a comprehensive examination of the present status of the design and development of anti-cancer materials targeting mechanotransduction is presented, emphasizing the underlying design principles. Furthermore, the article underscores the need to address several unresolved inquiries to enhance our comprehension of cancer therapeutics that target mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Huan Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, PR China
| | - Fang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Jing He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
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Pillai EK, Franze K. Mechanics in the nervous system: From development to disease. Neuron 2024; 112:342-361. [PMID: 37967561 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical forces are ubiquitous in biological processes across scales and diverse contexts. This review highlights the significance of mechanical forces in nervous system development, homeostasis, and disease. We provide an overview of mechanical signals present in the nervous system and delve into mechanotransduction mechanisms translating these mechanical cues into biochemical signals. During development, mechanical cues regulate a plethora of processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, network formation, and cortex folding. Forces then continue exerting their influence on physiological processes, such as neuronal activity, glial cell function, and the interplay between these different cell types. Notably, changes in tissue mechanics manifest in neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors, potentially offering new diagnostic and therapeutic target opportunities. Understanding the role of cellular forces and tissue mechanics in nervous system physiology and pathology adds a new facet to neurobiology, shedding new light on many processes that remain incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva K Pillai
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kristian Franze
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK; Institute of Medical Physics and Microtissue Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 91, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Kussmaulallee 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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11
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Kochanowski JA, Carroll B, Asp ME, Kaputa EC, Patteson AE. Bacteria Colonies Modify Their Shear and Compressive Mechanical Properties in Response to Different Growth Substrates. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 38193703 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria build multicellular communities termed biofilms, which are often encased in a self-secreted extracellular matrix that gives the community mechanical strength and protection against harsh chemicals. How bacteria assemble distinct multicellular structures in response to different environmental conditions remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the connection between bacteria colony mechanics and the colony growth substrate by measuring the oscillatory shear and compressive rheology of bacteria colonies grown on agar substrates. We found that bacteria colonies modify their own mechanical properties in response to shear and uniaxial compression in a manner that depends on the concentration of agar in their growth substrate. These findings highlight that mechanical interactions between bacteria and their microenvironments are an important element in bacteria colony development, which can aid in developing strategies to disrupt or reduce biofilm growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub A Kochanowski
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Bobby Carroll
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Merrill E Asp
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Emma C Kaputa
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
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12
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Pérez-Domínguez S, Kulkarni SG, Pabijan J, Gnanachandran K, Holuigue H, Eroles M, Lorenc E, Berardi M, Antonovaite N, Marini ML, Lopez Alonso J, Redonto-Morata L, Dupres V, Janel S, Acharya S, Otero J, Navajas D, Bielawski K, Schillers H, Lafont F, Rico F, Podestà A, Radmacher M, Lekka M. Reliable, standardized measurements for cell mechanical properties. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16371-16380. [PMID: 37789717 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02034g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become indispensable for studying biological and medical samples. More than two decades of experiments have revealed that cancer cells are softer than healthy cells (for measured cells cultured on stiff substrates). The softness or, more precisely, the larger deformability of cancer cells, primarily independent of cancer types, could be used as a sensitive marker of pathological changes. The wide application of biomechanics in clinics would require designing instruments with specific calibration, data collection, and analysis procedures. For these reasons, such development is, at present, still very limited, hampering the clinical exploitation of mechanical measurements. Here, we propose a standardized operational protocol (SOP), developed within the EU ITN network Phys2BioMed, which allows the detection of the biomechanical properties of living cancer cells regardless of the nanoindentation instruments used (AFMs and other indenters) and the laboratory involved in the research. We standardized the cell cultures, AFM calibration, measurements, and data analysis. This effort resulted in a step-by-step SOP for cell cultures, instrument calibration, measurements, and data analysis, leading to the concordance of the results (Young's modulus) measured among the six EU laboratories involved. Our results highlight the importance of the SOP in obtaining a reproducible mechanical characterization of cancer cells and paving the way toward exploiting biomechanics for diagnostic purposes in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shruti G Kulkarni
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Joanna Pabijan
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kajangi Gnanachandran
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Hatice Holuigue
- Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli" and CIMAINA, University of Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Mar Eroles
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, LAI, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Ewelina Lorenc
- Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli" and CIMAINA, University of Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Berardi
- Laserlab, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Optics11 Life, Hettenheuvelweg 37-39, 1101 BM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nelda Antonovaite
- Optics11 Life, Hettenheuvelweg 37-39, 1101 BM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Luisa Marini
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Javier Lopez Alonso
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lorena Redonto-Morata
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Dupres
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sebastien Janel
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sovon Acharya
- Institute of Physiology II, University Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jorge Otero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin Bielawski
- Optics11 Life, Hettenheuvelweg 37-39, 1101 BM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hermann Schillers
- Institute of Physiology II, University Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Lafont
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Felix Rico
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, INSERM, LAI, Turing Centre for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- Department of Physics "Aldo Pontremoli" and CIMAINA, University of Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Manfred Radmacher
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
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13
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Exton J, Higgins JMG, Chen J. Acute brain slice elastic modulus decreases over time. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12826. [PMID: 37550376 PMCID: PMC10406937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A common benchmark in the brain tissue mechanics literature is that the properties of acute brain slices should be measured within 8 h of the experimental animal being sacrificed. The core assumption is that-since there is no substantial protein degradation during this time-there will be no change to elastic modulus. This assumption overlooks the possibility of other effects (such as osmotic swelling) that may influence the mechanical properties of the tissue. To achieve consistent and accurate analysis of brain mechanics, it is important to account for or mitigate these effects. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), tissue hydration and volume measurements, we find that acute brain slices in oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) with a standard osmolarity of 300 mOsm/l experience rapid swelling, softening, and increases in hydration within the first 2 hours after slicing. Reductions in elastic modulus can be partly mitigated by addition of chondroitinase ABC enzyme (CHABC). Increasing aCSF osmolarity to 400 mOsm/l does not prevent softening but may hasten equilibration of samples to a point where measurements of relative elastic modulus are consistent across experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Exton
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Jonathan M G Higgins
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jinju Chen
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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14
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Abstract
ABSTRACT The mechanical traits of cancer include abnormally high solid stress as well as drastic and spatially heterogeneous changes in intrinsic mechanical tissue properties. Whereas solid stress elicits mechanosensory signals promoting tumor progression, mechanical heterogeneity is conducive to cell unjamming and metastatic spread. This reductionist view of tumorigenesis and malignant transformation provides a generalized framework for understanding the physical principles of tumor aggressiveness and harnessing them as novel in vivo imaging markers. Magnetic resonance elastography is an emerging imaging technology for depicting the viscoelastic properties of biological soft tissues and clinically characterizing tumors in terms of their biomechanical properties. This review article presents recent technical developments, basic results, and clinical applications of magnetic resonance elastography in patients with malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- From the Department of Radiology
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15
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Tran KA, DeOre BJ, Ikejiani D, Means K, Paone LS, De Marchi L, Suprewicz Ł, Koziol K, Bouyer J, Byfield FJ, Jin Y, Georges P, Fischer I, Janmey PA, Galie PA. Matching mechanical heterogeneity of the native spinal cord augments axon infiltration in 3D-printed scaffolds. Biomaterials 2023; 295:122061. [PMID: 36842339 PMCID: PMC10292106 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds delivered to injured spinal cords to stimulate axon connectivity often match the anisotropy of native tissue using guidance cues along the rostral-caudal axis, but current approaches do not mimic the heterogeneity of host tissue mechanics. Although white and gray matter have different mechanical properties, it remains unclear whether tissue mechanics also vary along the length of the cord. Mechanical testing performed in this study indicates that bulk spinal cord mechanics do differ along anatomical level and that these differences are caused by variations in the ratio of white and gray matter. These results suggest that scaffolds recreating the heterogeneity of spinal cord tissue mechanics must account for the disparity between gray and white matter. Digital light processing (DLP) provides a means to mimic spinal cord topology, but has previously been limited to printing homogeneous mechanical properties. We describe a means to modify DLP to print scaffolds that mimic spinal cord mechanical heterogeneity caused by variation in the ratio of white and gray matter, which improves axon infiltration compared to controls exhibiting homogeneous mechanical properties. These results demonstrate that scaffolds matching the mechanical heterogeneity of white and gray matter improve the effectiveness of biomaterials transplanted within the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiet A Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Brandon J DeOre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - David Ikejiani
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristen Means
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louis S Paone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Laura De Marchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Łukasz Suprewicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarina Koziol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Julien Bouyer
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fitzroy J Byfield
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Penelope Georges
- Council on Science and Technology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Itzhak Fischer
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter A Galie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Recently, substrate stiffness has been involved in the physiology and pathology of the nervous system. However, the role and function of substrate stiffness remain unclear. Here, we review known effects of substrate stiffness on nerve cell morphology and function in the central and peripheral nervous systems and their involvement in pathology. We hope this review will clarify the research status of substrate stiffness in nerve cells and neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Si
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jihong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment, Laboratory of Membrane Ion Channels and Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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17
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PIEZO1-Related Physiological and Pathological Processes in CNS: Focus on the Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030883. [PMID: 36765838 PMCID: PMC9913778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PIEZO1 is ubiquitously expressed in cells in different kinds of tissues throughout the body, which can sense physical or mechanical stimuli and translate them into intracellular electrochemical signals to regulate organism functions. In particular, PIEZO1 appears in complex interactive regulatory networks as a central node, governing normal and pathological functions in the body. However, the effect and mechanism of the activation or expression of PIEZO1 in diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. On one hand, in CNS diseases, pathophysiological processes in neurons and glial are often accompanied by variations in the mechanical properties of the cellular and extracellular matrix stiffness. The expression of PIEZO1 can therefore be upregulated, in responding to mechanical stimulation, to drive the biological process in cells, which in turns indirectly affects the cellular microenvironment, resulting in alterations of the cellular status. On the other hand, it may have contradictory effects with the change of active patterns and/or subcellular location. This review highlights the biological processes involved with PIEZO1 in CNS cells, with special emphasis on its multiple roles in glioma-associated phenotypes. In conclusion, PIEZO1 can be used as an indicator to assess the malignancy and prognosis of patients with gliomas, as well as a therapeutic target for clinical application following fully exploring the potential mechanism of PIEZO1 in CNS diseases.
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18
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Acharekar A, Bachal K, Shirke P, Thorat R, Banerjee A, Gardi N, Majumder A, Dutt S. Substrate stiffness regulates the recurrent glioblastoma cell morphology and aggressiveness. Matrix Biol 2023; 115:107-127. [PMID: 36563706 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent glioblastoma is highly aggressive with currently no specific treatment regime. Therefore, to identify novel therapeutic targets for recurrent GBM, we used a cellular model developed in our lab from commercially available cell line U87MG and patient-derived cultures that allows the comparison between radiation naïve (Parent) and recurrent GBM cells generated after parent cells are exposed to lethal dose of radiation. Total RNA-seq of parent and recurrent population revealed significant upregulation of cell-ECM interactions pathway in the recurrent population. These results led us to hypothesize that the physical microenvironment contributes to the aggressiveness of recurrent GBM. To verify this, we cultured parent and recurrent GBM cells on collagen-coated polyacrylamide gels mimicking the stiffness of normal brain (Young's modulus E = 0.5kPa) or tumorigenic brain (E = 10kPa) and tissue culture plastic dishes (E ∼ 1 GPa). We found that compared to parent cells, recurrent cells showed higher proliferation, invasion, migration, and resistance to EGFR inhibitor. Using orthotopic GBM mouse model and resection model, we demonstrate that recurrent cells cultured on 0.5kPa had higher in vivo tumorigenicity and recurrent disease progression than parent cells, whereas these differences were insignificant when parent and recurrent cells were cultured on plastic substrates. Furthermore, recurrent cells on 0.5kPa showed high expression of ECM proteins like Collagen, MMP2 and MMP9. These proteins were also significantly upregulated in recurrent patient biopsies. Additionally, the brain of mice injected with recurrent cells grown on 0.5kPa showed higher Young's moduli suggesting the ability of these cells to make the surrounding ECM stiffer. Total RNA-seq of parent and recurrent cells grown on plastic and 0.5kpa identified PLEKHA7 significantly upregulated specifically in recurrent cells grown on 0.5 kPa substrate. PLEKHA7 was also found to be high in recurrent GBM patient biopsies. Accordingly, PLEKHA7 knockdown reduced invasion and survival of recurrent GBM cells. Together, these data provide an in vitro model system that captures the observed in vivo and clinical behavior of recurrent GBM by mimicking mechanical microenvironment and identifies PLEKHA7 as a novel potential target for recurrent GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Acharekar
- Shilpee Dutt laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Ketaki Bachal
- M-Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Pallavi Shirke
- M-Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Rahul Thorat
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Archisman Banerjee
- Shilpee Dutt laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Nilesh Gardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India.; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Abhijit Majumder
- M-Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Shilpee Dutt
- Shilpee Dutt laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India..
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19
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Łysik D, Deptuła P, Chmielewska S, Skłodowski K, Pogoda K, Chin L, Song D, Mystkowska J, Janmey PA, Bucki R. Modulation of Biofilm Mechanics by DNA Structure and Cell Type. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4921-4929. [PMID: 36301743 PMCID: PMC9667457 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA) evolved as a tool for storing and transmitting
genetic information within cells, but outside the cell, DNA can also
serve as “construction material” present in microbial
biofilms or various body fluids, such as cystic fibrosis, sputum,
and pus. In the present work, we investigate the mechanics of biofilms
formed from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Xen
5, Staphylococcus aureus Xen 30, and Candida albicans 1408 using oscillatory shear rheometry
at different levels of compression and recreate these mechanics in
systems of entangled DNA and cells. The results show that the compression-stiffening
and shear-softening effects observed in biofilms can be reproduced
in DNA networks with the addition of an appropriate number of microbial
cells. Additionally, we observe that these effects are cell-type dependent.
We also identify other mechanisms that may significantly impact the
viscoelastic behavior of biofilms, such as the compression-stiffening
effect of DNA cross-linking by bivalent cations (Mg2+,
Ca2+, and Cu2+) and the stiffness-increasing
interactions of P. aeruginosa Xen 5
biofilm with Pf1 bacteriophage produced by P. aeruginosa. This work extends the knowledge of biofilm mechanobiology and demonstrates
the possibility of modifying biopolymers toward obtaining the desired
biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Łysik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Deptuła
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sylwia Chmielewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karol Skłodowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pogoda
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | - LiKang Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania 19087, United States
| | - Dawei Song
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joanna Mystkowska
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paul A. Janmey
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
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20
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Kraus EA, Mellenthin LE, Siwiecki SA, Song D, Yan J, Janmey PA, Sweeney AM. Rheology of marine sponges reveals anisotropic mechanics and tuned dynamics. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220476. [PMID: 36259170 PMCID: PMC9579767 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sponges are animals that inhabit many aquatic environments while filtering small particles and ejecting metabolic wastes. They are composed of cells in a bulk extracellular matrix, often with an embedded scaffolding of stiff, siliceous spicules. We hypothesize that the mechanical response of this heterogeneous tissue to hydrodynamic flow influences cell proliferation in a manner that generates the body of a sponge. Towards a more complete picture of the emergence of sponge morphology, we dissected a set of species and subjected discs of living tissue to physiological shear and uniaxial deformations on a rheometer. Various species exhibited rheological properties such as anisotropic elasticity, shear softening and compression stiffening, negative normal stress, and non-monotonic dissipation as a function of both shear strain and frequency. Erect sponges possessed aligned, spicule-reinforced fibres which endowed three times greater stiffness axially compared with orthogonally. By contrast, tissue taken from shorter sponges was more isotropic but time-dependent, suggesting higher flow sensitivity in these compared with erect forms. We explore ecological and physiological implications of our results and speculate about flow-induced mechanical signalling in sponge cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile A. Kraus
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren E. Mellenthin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sara A. Siwiecki
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dawei Song
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Quantitative Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul A. Janmey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alison M. Sweeney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Quantitative Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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21
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How do cells stiffen? Biochem J 2022; 479:1825-1842. [PMID: 36094371 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell stiffness is an important characteristic of cells and their response to external stimuli. In this review, we survey methods used to measure cell stiffness, summarize stimuli that alter cell stiffness, and discuss signaling pathways and mechanisms that control cell stiffness. Several pathological states are characterized by changes in cell stiffness, suggesting this property can serve as a potential diagnostic marker or therapeutic target. Therefore, we consider the effect of cell stiffness on signaling and growth processes required for homeostasis and dysfunction in healthy and pathological states. Specifically, the composition and structure of the cell membrane and cytoskeleton are major determinants of cell stiffness, and studies have identified signaling pathways that affect cytoskeletal dynamics both directly and by altered gene expression. We present the results of studies interrogating the effects of biophysical and biochemical stimuli on the cytoskeleton and other cellular components and how these factors determine the stiffness of both individual cells and multicellular structures. Overall, these studies represent an intersection of the fields of polymer physics, protein biochemistry, and mechanics, and identify specific mechanisms involved in mediating cell stiffness that can serve as therapeutic targets.
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22
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Basilico B, Palamà IE, D’Amone S, Lauro C, Rosito M, Grieco M, Ratano P, Cordella F, Sanchini C, Di Angelantonio S, Ragozzino D, Cascione M, Gigli G, Cortese B. Substrate stiffness effect on molecular crosstalk of epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediators of human glioblastoma cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:983507. [PMID: 36091138 PMCID: PMC9454310 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.983507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the microenvironment effects on cell response, show accumulating evidence that glioblastoma (GBM) migration and invasiveness are influenced by the mechanical rigidity of their surroundings. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well-recognized driving force of the invasive behavior of cancer. However, the primary mechanisms of EMT initiation and progression remain unclear. We have previously showed that certain substrate stiffness can selectively stimulate human GBM U251-MG and GL15 glioblastoma cell lines motility. The present study unifies several known EMT mediators to uncover the reason of the regulation and response to these stiffnesses. Our results revealed that changing the rigidity of the mechanical environment tuned the response of both cell lines through change in morphological features, epithelial-mesenchymal markers (E-, N-Cadherin), EGFR and ROS expressions in an interrelated manner. Specifically, a stiffer microenvironment induced a mesenchymal cell shape, a more fragmented morphology, higher intracellular cytosolic ROS expression and lower mitochondrial ROS. Finally, we observed that cells more motile showed a more depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. Unravelling the process that regulates GBM cells’ infiltrative behavior could provide new opportunities for identification of new targets and less invasive approaches for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Elena Palamà
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Institute (CNR Nanotec), Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania D’Amone
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Institute (CNR Nanotec), Lecce, Italy
| | - Clotilde Lauro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Grieco
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Institute (CNR Nanotec), Lecce, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ratano
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Institute (CNR Nanotec), Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Cordella
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Sanchini
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Ragozzino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Barbara Cortese
- National Research Council-Nanotechnology Institute (CNR Nanotec), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Barbara Cortese,
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Hoppstädter M, Püllmann D, Seydewitz R, Kuhl E, Böl M. Correlating the microstructural architecture and macrostructural behaviour of the brain. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:379-395. [PMID: 36002124 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The computational simulation of pathological conditions and surgical procedures, for example the removal of cancerous tissue, can contribute crucially to the future of medicine. Especially for brain surgery, these methods can be important, as the ultra-soft tissue controls vital functions of the body. However, the microstructural interactions and their effects on macroscopic material properties remain incompletely understood. Therefore, we investigated the mechanical behaviour of brain tissue under three different deformation modes, axial tension, compression, and semi-confined compression, in different anatomical regions, and for varying axon orientation. In addition, we characterised the underlying microstructure in terms of myelin, cells, glial cells and neuron area fraction, and density. The correlation of these quantities with the material parameters of the anisotropic Ogden model reveals a decrease in shear modulus with increasing myelin area fraction. Strikingly, the tensile shear modulus correlates positively with cell and neuronal area fraction (Spearman's correlation coefficient of rs=0.40 and rs=0.33), whereas the compressive shear modulus decreases with increasing glial cell area (rs=-0.33). Our study finds that tissue non-linearity significantly depends on the myelin area fraction (rs=0.47), cell density (rs=0.41) and glial cell area (rs=0.49). Our results provide an important step towards understanding the micromechanical load transfer that leads to the non-linear macromechanical behaviour of the brain. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Within this article, we investigate the mechanical behaviour of brain tissue under three different deformation modes, in different anatomical regions, and for varying axon orientation. Further, we characterise the underlying microstructure in terms of various constituents. The correlation of these quantities with the material parameters of the anisotropic Ogden model reveals a decrease in shear modulus with increasing myelin area fraction. Strikingly, the tensile shear modulus correlates positively with cell and neuronal area fraction, whereas the compressive shear modulus decreases with increasing glial cell area. Our study finds that tissue non-linearity significantly depends on the myelin area fraction, cell density, and glial cell area. Our results provide an important step towards understanding the micromechanical load transfer that leads to the non-linear macromechanical behaviour of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Hoppstädter
- Institute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany
| | - Denise Püllmann
- Institute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany
| | - Robert Seydewitz
- Institute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany
| | - Ellen Kuhl
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Markus Böl
- Institute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany.
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Substrate viscosity impairs temozolomide-mediated inhibition of glioblastoma cells' growth. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166513. [PMID: 35932892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanical state of the extracellular environment of the brain cells considerably affects their phenotype during the development of central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, and when the cells respond to drugs. The reports on the evaluation of the viscoelastic properties of different brain tumors have shown that both tissue stiffness and viscosity can be altered during cancer development. Although a compelling number of reports established the role of substrate stiffness on the proliferation, motility, and drug sensitivity of brain cancer cells, there is a lack of parallel data in terms of alterations in substrate viscosity. METHODS Based on viscoelasticity measurements of rat brain samples using strain rheometry, polyacrylamide (PAA) hydrogels mimicking elastic and viscous parameters of the tissues were prepared. Optical microscopy and flow cytometry were employed to assess the differences in glioblastoma cells morphology, proliferation, and cytotoxicity of anticancer drug temozolomide (TZM) due to increased substrate viscosity. RESULTS Our results indicate that changes in substrate viscosity affect the proliferation of untreated glioma cells to a lesser extent, but have a significant impact on the apoptosis-associated depolarization of mitochondria and level of DNA fragmentation. This suggests that viscosity sensing and stiffness sensing machinery can activate different signaling pathways in glioma cells. CONCLUSION Collected data indicate that viscosity should be considered an important parameter in in vitro polymer-based cell culture systems used for drug screening.
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Mechanical Properties of the Extracellular Environment of Human Brain Cells Drive the Effectiveness of Drugs in Fighting Central Nervous System Cancers. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070927. [PMID: 35884733 PMCID: PMC9313046 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of nanomechanical properties of tissues in health and disease is of increasing interest to scientists. It has been confirmed that these properties, determined in part by the composition of the extracellular matrix, significantly affect tissue physiology and the biological behavior of cells, mainly in terms of their adhesion, mobility, or ability to mutate. Importantly, pathophysiological changes that determine disease development within the tissue usually result in significant changes in tissue mechanics that might potentially affect the drug efficacy, which is important from the perspective of development of new therapeutics, since most of the currently used in vitro experimental models for drug testing do not account for these properties. Here, we provide a summary of the current understanding of how the mechanical properties of brain tissue change in pathological conditions, and how the activity of the therapeutic agents is linked to this mechanical state.
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Zhang T, Jia Y, Yu Y, Zhang B, Xu F, Guo H. Targeting the tumor biophysical microenvironment to reduce resistance to immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114319. [PMID: 35545136 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors has evolved into a new pillar of cancer treatment in clinics, but dealing with treatment resistance (either primary or acquired) is a major challenge. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has a substantial impact on the pathological behaviors and treatment response of many cancers. The biophysical clues in TME have recently been considered as important characteristics of cancer. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence that biophysical cues in TME play important roles in each step of the cascade of cancer immunotherapy that synergistically contribute to immunotherapy resistance. In this review, we summarize five main biophysical cues in TME that affect resistance to immunotherapy: extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, ECM stiffness, tumor interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), solid stress, and vascular shear stress. First, the biophysical factors involved in anti-tumor immunity and therapeutic antibody delivery processes are reviewed. Then, the causes of these five biophysical cues and how they contribute to immunotherapy resistance are discussed. Finally, the latest treatment strategies that aim to improve immunotherapy efficacy by targeting these biophysical cues are shared. This review highlights the biophysical cues that lead to immunotherapy resistance, also supplements their importance in related technologies for studying TME biophysical cues in vitro and therapeutic strategies targeting biophysical cues to improve the effects of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yuanbo Jia
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
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27
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Khoonkari M, Liang D, Lima MT, van der Land T, Liang Y, Sun J, Dolga A, Kamperman M, van Rijn P, Kruyt FAE. The Unfolded Protein Response Sensor PERK Mediates Stiffness-Dependent Adaptation in Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126520. [PMID: 35742966 PMCID: PMC9223606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor in adults. In addition to genetic causes, the tumor microenvironment (TME), including stiffening of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is a main driver of GBM progression. Mechano-transduction and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are essential for tumor-cell adaptation to harsh TME conditions. Here, we studied the effect of a variable stiff ECM on the morphology and malignant properties of GBM stem cells (GSCs) and, moreover, examined the possible involvement of the UPR sensor PERK herein. For this, stiffness-tunable human blood plasma (HBP)/alginate hydrogels were generated to mimic ECM stiffening. GSCs showed stiffness-dependent adaptation characterized by elongated morphology, increased proliferation, and motility which was accompanied by F-Actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Interestingly, in PERK-deficient GSCs, stiffness adaptation was severely impaired, which was evidenced by low F-Actin levels, the absence of F-Actin remodeling, and decreased cell proliferation and migration. This impairment could be linked with Filamin-A (FLN-A) expression, a known interactor of PERK, which was strongly reduced in PERK-deficient GSCs. In conclusion, we identified a novel PERK/FLNA/F-Actin mechano-adaptive mechanism and found a new function for PERK in the cellular adaptation to ECM stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khoonkari
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (D.L.); (Y.L.)
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (D.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Marina Trombetta Lima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.T.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Tjitze van der Land
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Yuanke Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (D.L.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jianwu Sun
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Amalia Dolga
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.T.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (P.v.R.); (F.A.E.K.); Tel.: +31-50-3615531 (F.A.E.K.)
| | - Frank A. E. Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (D.L.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (P.v.R.); (F.A.E.K.); Tel.: +31-50-3615531 (F.A.E.K.)
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Khoonkari M, Liang D, Kamperman M, Kruyt FAE, van Rijn P. Physics of Brain Cancer: Multiscale Alterations of Glioblastoma Cells under Extracellular Matrix Stiffening. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051031. [PMID: 35631616 PMCID: PMC9145282 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology and physics underlying glioblastoma is not yet completely understood, resulting in the limited efficacy of current clinical therapy. Recent studies have indicated the importance of mechanical stress on the development and malignancy of cancer. Various types of mechanical stress activate adaptive tumor cell responses that include alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) which have an impact on tumor malignancy. In this review, we describe and discuss the current knowledge of the effects of ECM alterations and mechanical stress on GBM aggressiveness. Gradual changes in the brain ECM have been connected to the biological and physical alterations of GBM cells. For example, increased expression of several ECM components such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), hyaluronic acid (HA), proteoglycans and fibrous proteins result in stiffening of the brain ECM, which alters inter- and intracellular signaling activity. Several mechanosensing signaling pathways have been identified that orchestrate adaptive responses, such as Hippo/YAP, CD44, and actin skeleton signaling, which remodel the cytoskeleton and affect cellular properties such as cell–cell/ECM interactions, growth, and migration/invasion of GBM cells. In vitro, hydrogels are used as a model to mimic the stiffening of the brain ECM and reconstruct its mechanics, which we also discuss. Overall, we provide an overview of the tumor microenvironmental landscape of GBM with a focus on ECM stiffening and its associated adaptive cellular signaling pathways and their possible therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khoonkari
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (D.L.)
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (D.L.)
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Frank A. E. Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: (F.A.E.K.); (P.v.R.)
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (F.A.E.K.); (P.v.R.)
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29
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Faber J, Hinrichsen J, Greiner A, Reiter N, Budday S. Tissue-Scale Biomechanical Testing of Brain Tissue for the Calibration of Nonlinear Material Models. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e381. [PMID: 35384412 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brain tissue is one of the most complex and softest tissues in the human body. Due to its ultrasoft and biphasic nature, it is difficult to control the deformation state during biomechanical testing and to quantify the highly nonlinear, time-dependent tissue response. In numerous experimental studies that have investigated the mechanical properties of brain tissue over the last decades, stiffness values have varied significantly. One reason for the observed discrepancies is the lack of standardized testing protocols and corresponding data analyses. The tissue properties have been tested on different length and time scales depending on the testing technique, and the corresponding data have been analyzed based on simplifying assumptions. In this review, we highlight the advantage of using nonlinear continuum mechanics based modeling and finite element simulations to carefully design experimental setups and protocols as well as to comprehensively analyze the corresponding experimental data. We review testing techniques and protocols that have been used to calibrate material model parameters and discuss artifacts that might falsify the measured properties. The aim of this work is to provide standardized procedures to reliably quantify the mechanical properties of brain tissue and to more accurately calibrate appropriate constitutive models for computational simulations of brain development, injury and disease. Computational models can not only be used to predictively understand brain tissue behavior, but can also serve as valuable tools to assist diagnosis and treatment of diseases or to plan neurosurgical procedures. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Faber
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Applied Mechanics, Egerlandstraße 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Hinrichsen
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Applied Mechanics, Egerlandstraße 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Greiner
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Applied Mechanics, Egerlandstraße 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nina Reiter
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Applied Mechanics, Egerlandstraße 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silvia Budday
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Applied Mechanics, Egerlandstraße 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Lyu D, Zhou R, Lin CH, Prasad P, Zhang L. Development and Validation of a New Anisotropic Visco-Hyperelastic Human Head Finite Element Model Capable of Predicting Multiple Brain Injuries. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:831595. [PMID: 35402400 PMCID: PMC8987584 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.831595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on the latest refinement of the Finite Element Global Human Body Models Consortium 50th percentile (GHBMC M50) adult male head model by the development and incorporation of a new material model into the white matter tissue of the brain. The white matter is represented by an anisotropic visco-hyperelastic material model capable of simulating direction-dependent response of the brain tissue to further improve the bio-fidelity and injury predictive capability of the model. The parameters representing the material were optimized by comparing model responses to seven experimentally reported strain responses of brains of postmortem human subjects (PMHS) subjected to head impact. The head model was subjected to rigorous validation against experimental data on force–deflection responses in the skull and face, intracranial pressure, and brain strain responses from over 34 PMHS head impact experiments. Crash-induced injury indices (CIIs) for facial bone fracture, skull fracture, cerebral contusion, acute subdural hematomas (ASDHs), and diffuse brain injury were developed by reconstructing 32 PMHS and real-world injury cases with the model. Model predicted maximum principal strain (MPS) and stress were determined as fracture CIIs for compact bone and spongy bones, respectively, in the skull and face. Brain responses in terms of MPS, MPS rates, and pressure distribution in injury producing experimental impacts were determined using the model and analyzed with logistic regression and survival analysis to develop CIIs for brain contusions, diffuse brain injuries, and ASDH. The statistical models using logistic regression and survival analysis showed high accuracy with area under the receiver operating curve greater than 0.8. Because of lack of sufficient moderate diffuse brain injury data, a statistical model was not created, but all indications are that the MPS rate is an essential brain response that discriminates between moderate and severe brain injuries. The authors stated that the current GHBMC M50 v.6.0 is an advanced tool for injury prediction and mitigation of injuries in automotive crashes, sports, recreational, and military environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Lyu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Runzhou Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Chin-hsu Lin
- General Motors R&D Center, Warren, MI, United States
| | - Priya Prasad
- Prasad Engineering, LLC, Plymouth, MI, United States
| | - Liying Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Liying Zhang,
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Mierke CT. Viscoelasticity, Like Forces, Plays a Role in Mechanotransduction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:789841. [PMID: 35223831 PMCID: PMC8864183 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.789841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscoelasticity and its alteration in time and space has turned out to act as a key element in fundamental biological processes in living systems, such as morphogenesis and motility. Based on experimental and theoretical findings it can be proposed that viscoelasticity of cells, spheroids and tissues seems to be a collective characteristic that demands macromolecular, intracellular component and intercellular interactions. A major challenge is to couple the alterations in the macroscopic structural or material characteristics of cells, spheroids and tissues, such as cell and tissue phase transitions, to the microscopic interferences of their elements. Therefore, the biophysical technologies need to be improved, advanced and connected to classical biological assays. In this review, the viscoelastic nature of cytoskeletal, extracellular and cellular networks is presented and discussed. Viscoelasticity is conceptualized as a major contributor to cell migration and invasion and it is discussed whether it can serve as a biomarker for the cells’ migratory capacity in several biological contexts. It can be hypothesized that the statistical mechanics of intra- and extracellular networks may be applied in the future as a powerful tool to explore quantitatively the biomechanical foundation of viscoelasticity over a broad range of time and length scales. Finally, the importance of the cellular viscoelasticity is illustrated in identifying and characterizing multiple disorders, such as cancer, tissue injuries, acute or chronic inflammations or fibrotic diseases.
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Bhargav AG, Domino JS, Chamoun R, Thomas SM. Mechanical Properties in the Glioma Microenvironment: Emerging Insights and Theranostic Opportunities. Front Oncol 2022; 11:805628. [PMID: 35127517 PMCID: PMC8813748 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.805628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas represent the most common malignant primary brain tumors, and a high-grade subset of these tumors including glioblastoma are particularly refractory to current standard-of-care therapies including maximal surgical resection and chemoradiation. The prognosis of patients with these tumors continues to be poor with existing treatments and understanding treatment failure is required. The dynamic interplay between the tumor and its microenvironment has been increasingly recognized as a key mechanism by which cellular adaptation, tumor heterogeneity, and treatment resistance develops. Beyond ongoing lines of investigation into the peritumoral cellular milieu and microenvironmental architecture, recent studies have identified the growing role of mechanical properties of the microenvironment. Elucidating the impact of these biophysical factors on disease heterogeneity is crucial for designing durable therapies and may offer novel approaches for intervention and disease monitoring. Specifically, pharmacologic targeting of mechanical signal transduction substrates such as specific ion channels that have been implicated in glioma progression or the development of agents that alter the mechanical properties of the microenvironment to halt disease progression have the potential to be promising treatment strategies based on early studies. Similarly, the development of technology to measure mechanical properties of the microenvironment in vitro and in vivo and simulate these properties in bioengineered models may facilitate the use of mechanical properties as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers that can guide treatment. Here, we review current perspectives on the influence of mechanical properties in glioma with a focus on biophysical features of tumor-adjacent tissue, the role of fluid mechanics, and mechanisms of mechanical signal transduction. We highlight the implications of recent discoveries for novel diagnostics, therapeutic targets, and accurate preclinical modeling of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adip G. Bhargav
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Joseph S. Domino
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Roukoz Chamoun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Sufi M. Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Comparing the effects of linear and one-term Ogden elasticity in a model of glioblastoma invasion. BRAIN MULTIPHYSICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brain.2022.100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Zemła J, Iyer PS, Pyka-Fościak G, Mermod N, Lekka M. Rheological properties of skeletal muscles in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy murine model before and after autologous cell therapy. J Biomech 2021; 128:110770. [PMID: 34628203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is still an incurable muscle degenerative disease; thus, numerous studies focused on novel therapeutic approaches. However, a simple assay of muscle function restoration remains needed. Herein, we used an oscillatory shear rheometer to evaluate changes in rheological properties of mouse muscles (tibialis anterior, TA) and their restoration upon autologous cell therapy by comparing the viscoelastic properties of normal, diseased and treated muscles. Amplitude sweep tests of muscle samples were performed under 20% compression over a range of shear strain between 0.01 and 2% and frequency of 1 rad/s. The samples were tested in plane-plane geometry and horizontal myofiber alignment. Typical linear viscoelastic region (LVER) patterns were found for each muscle type. For healthy muscles, a broad LVER between shear deformations (γ) of 0.013-0.62% was observed. The LVER of DMD mdx/SCID muscles was found at 0.14% to 0.46% shear deformation, and no shear dependence of storage (G') and loss (G") moduli at γ range changing from 0.034% to 0.26% was found for transplanted tissues. G'LVER and G"LVER moduli of healthy muscles were significantly higher than G'LVER and G"LVER of dystrophic tissues. Additionally, muscle resistance assessment by rheometer indicated that muscles transplanted with stem cells restored elastic properties to levels close to those of healthy muscles. Interestingly, histological staining and rheological data indicate that the loss factor is strongly related to structural changes of examined muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zemła
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Pavithra S Iyer
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Grażyna Pyka-Fościak
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Nicolas Mermod
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
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Brain and Breast Cancer Cells with PTEN Loss of Function Reveal Enhanced Durotaxis and RHOB Dependent Amoeboid Migration Utilizing 3D Scaffolds and Aligned Microfiber Tracts. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205144. [PMID: 34680293 PMCID: PMC8533830 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with PTEN mutations often lead to brain dissemination with poor patient outcome, thus new therapeutic targets are needed. To understand signaling, controlling the dynamics and mechanics of brain tumor cell migration, we implemented GBM and TNBC cell lines and designed 3D aligned microfibers and scaffolds mimicking brain structures. METHODS 3D microfibers and scaffolds were printed using melt electrowriting. GBM and TNBC cell lines with opposing PTEN genotypes were analyzed with RHO-ROCK-PTEN inhibitors and PTEN rescue using live-cell imaging. RNA-sequencing and qPCR of tumor cells in 3D with microfibers were performed, while scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy addressed cell morphology. RESULTS In contrast to the PTEN wildtype, GBM and TNBC cells with PTEN loss of function yielded enhanced durotaxis, topotaxis, adhesion, amoeboid migration on 3D microfibers and significant high RHOB expression. Functional studies concerning RHOB-ROCK-PTEN signaling confirmed the essential role for the above cellular processes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a significant role of the PTEN genotype and RHOB expression for durotaxis, adhesion and migration dependent on 3D. GBM and TNBC cells with PTEN loss of function have an affinity for stiff brain structures promoting metastasis. 3D microfibers represent an important tool to model brain metastasizing tumor cells, where RHO-inhibitors could play an essential role for improved therapy.
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Ahmed A, UlHaq MU, Mustansar Z, Shaukat A, Margetts L. How growing tumour impacts intracranial pressure and deformation mechanics of brain. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210165. [PMID: 34631118 PMCID: PMC8479368 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brain is an actuator for control and coordination. When a pathology arises in cranium, it may leave a degenerative, disfiguring and destabilizing impact on brain physiology. However, the leading consequences of the same may vary from case to case. Tumour, in this context, is a special type of pathology which deforms brain parenchyma permanently. From translational perspective, deformation mechanics and pressures, specifically the intracranial cerebral pressure (ICP) in a tumour-housed brain, have not been addressed holistically in literature. This is an important area to investigate in neuropathy prognosis. To address this, we aim to solve the pressure mystery in a tumour-based brain in this study and present a fairly workable methodology. Using image-based finite-element modelling, we reconstruct a tumour-based brain and probe resulting deformations and pressures (ICP). Tumour is grown by dilating the voxel region by 16 and 30 mm uniformly. Cumulatively three cases are studied including an existing stage of the tumour. Pressures of cerebrospinal fluid due to its flow inside the ventricle region are also provided to make the model anatomically realistic. Comparison of obtained results unequivocally shows that as the tumour region increases its area and size, deformation pattern changes extensively and spreads throughout the brain volume with a greater concentration in tumour vicinity. Second, we conclude that ICP pressures inside the cranium do increase substantially; however, they still remain under the normal values (15 mmHg). In the end, a correlation relationship of ICP mechanics and tumour is addressed. From a diagnostic purpose, this result also explains why generally a tumour in its initial stage does not show symptoms because the required ICP threshold has not been crossed. We finally conclude that even at low ICP values, substantial deformation progression inside the cranium is possible. This may result in plastic deformation, midline shift etc. in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National university of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Uzair UlHaq
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National university of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Zartasha Mustansar
- Department of Computational Engineering, Research Center of Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National university of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Shaukat
- Department of Computer and Software Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National university of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Lee Margetts
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, UK
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Rey JA, Ewing JR, Sarntinoranont M. A computational model of glioma reveals opposing, stiffness-sensitive effects of leaky vasculature and tumor growth on tissue mechanical stress and porosity. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:1981-2000. [PMID: 34363553 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A biphasic computational model of a growing, vascularized glioma within brain tissue was developed to account for unique features of gliomas, including soft surrounding brain tissue, their low stiffness relative to brain tissue, and a lack of draining lymphatics. This model is the first to couple nonlinear tissue deformation with porosity and tissue hydraulic conductivity to study the mechanical interaction of leaky vasculature and solid growth in an embedded glioma. The present model showed that leaky vasculature and elevated interstitial fluid pressure produce tensile stress within the tumor in opposition to the compressive stress produced by tumor growth. This tensile effect was more pronounced in softer tissue and resulted in a compressive stress concentration at the tumor rim that increased when tumor was softer than host. Aside from generating solid stress, fluid pressure-driven tissue deformation decreased the effective stiffness of the tumor while growth increased it, potentially leading to elevated stiffness in the tumor rim. A novel prediction of reduced porosity at the tumor rim was corroborated by direct comparison with estimates from our in vivo imaging studies. Antiangiogenic and radiation therapy were simulated by varying vascular leakiness and tissue hydraulic conductivity. These led to greater solid compression and interstitial pressure in the tumor, respectively, the former of which may promote tumor infiltration of the host. Our findings suggest that vascular leakiness has an important influence on in vivo solid stress, stiffness, and porosity fields in gliomas given their unique mechanical microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Rey
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, PO BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - James R Ewing
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Malisa Sarntinoranont
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, PO BOX 116250, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Bizanti A, Chandrashekar P, Steward R. Culturing astrocytes on substrates that mimic brain tumors promotes enhanced mechanical forces. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112751. [PMID: 34363813 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential to brain homeostasis and their dysfunction can have devastating consequences on human quality of life. Such deleterious effects are generally due in part to changes that occur at the cellular level, which may be biochemical or biomechanical in nature. One biomechanical change that can occur is a change in tissue stiffness. Brain tumors are generally associated with increased brain tissue stiffness, but the impact increased tissue stiffness has on astrocyte biomechanical behavior is poorly understood. Therefore, in this study we cultured human astrocytes on flexible substrates with stiffness that mimicked the healthy human brain (1 kPa), meningioma (4 kPa), and glioma (11 kPa) and investigated astrocyte biomechanical behavior by measuring cell-substrate tractions, strain energies, cell-cell intercellular stresses, and cellular velocities. In general, tractions, intercellular stresses, and strain energy was observed to increase as a function of increased substrate stiffness, while cell velocities were observed to decrease with increased substrate stiffness. We believe this study will be of great importance to the fields of brain pathology and brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariege Bizanti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Priyanka Chandrashekar
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Robert Steward
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Astral hydrogels mimic tissue mechanics by aster-aster interpenetration. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4277. [PMID: 34257316 PMCID: PMC8277779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Many soft tissues are compression-stiffening and extension-softening in response to axial strains, but common hydrogels are either inert (for ideal chains) or tissue-opposite (for semiflexible polymers). Herein, we report a class of astral hydrogels that are structurally distinct from tissues but mechanically tissue-like. Specifically, hierarchical self-assembly of amphiphilic gemini molecules produces radial asters with a common core and divergently growing, semiflexible ribbons; adjacent asters moderately interpenetrate each other via interlacement of their peripheral ribbons to form a gel network. Resembling tissues, the astral gels stiffen in compression and soften in extension with all the experimental data across different gel compositions collapsing onto a single master curve. We put forward a minimal model to reproduce the master curve quantitatively, underlying the determinant role of aster-aster interpenetration. Compression significantly expands the interpenetration region, during which the number of effective crosslinks is increased and the network strengthened, while extension does the opposite. Looking forward, we expect this unique mechanism of interpenetration to provide a fresh perspective for designing and constructing mechanically tissue-like materials.
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40
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Nagaraja TN, Elmghirbi R, Brown SL, Rey JA, Schultz L, Mukherjee A, Cabral G, Panda S, Lee IY, Sarntinoranont M, Keenan KA, Knight RA, Ewing JR. Imaging acute effects of bevacizumab on tumor vascular kinetics in a preclinical orthotopic model of U251 glioma. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4516. [PMID: 33817893 PMCID: PMC8978145 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a human vascular endothelial growth factor antibody on the vasculature of human tumor grown in rat brain was studied. Using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, the effects of intravenous bevacizumab (Avastin; 10 mg/kg) were examined before and at postadministration times of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h (N = 26; 4-5 per time point) in a rat model of orthotopic, U251 glioblastoma (GBM). The commonly estimated vascular parameters for an MR contrast agent were: (i) plasma distribution volume (vp ), (ii) forward volumetric transfer constant (Ktrans ) and (iii) reverse transfer constant (kep ). In addition, extracellular distribution volume (VD ) was estimated in the tumor (VD-tumor ), tumor edge (VD-edge ) and the mostly normal tumor periphery (VD-peri ), along with tumor blood flow (TBF), peri-tumoral hydraulic conductivity (K) and interstitial flow (Flux) and tumor interstitial fluid pressure (TIFP). Studied as % changes from baseline, the 2-h post-treatment time point began showing significant decreases in vp , VD-tumor, VD-edge and VD-peri , as well as K, with these changes persisting at 4 and 8 h in vp , K, VD-tumor, -edge and -peri (t-tests; p < 0.05-0.01). Decreases in Ktrans were observed at the 2- and 4-h time points (p < 0.05), while interstitial volume fraction (ve ; = Ktrans /kep ) showed a significant decrease only at the 2-h time point (p < 0.05). Sustained decreases in Flux were observed from 2 to 24 h (p < 0.01) while TBF and TIFP showed delayed responses, increases in the former at 12 and 24 h and a decrease in the latter only at 12 h. These imaging biomarkers of tumor vascular kinetics describe the short-term temporal changes in physical spaces and fluid flows in a model of GBM after Avastin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasha Elmghirbi
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephen L. Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Julian A. Rey
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lonni Schultz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Abir Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Glauber Cabral
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Swayamprava Panda
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ian Y. Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Malisa Sarntinoranont
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kelly A. Keenan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert A. Knight
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - James R. Ewing
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Alibert C, Pereira D, Lardier N, Etienne-Manneville S, Goud B, Asnacios A, Manneville JB. Multiscale rheology of glioma cells. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120903. [PMID: 34102526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cells tend to soften during cancer progression, suggesting that mechanical phenotyping could be used as a diagnostic or prognostic method. Here we investigate the cell mechanics of gliomas, brain tumors that originate from glial cells or glial progenitors. Using two microrheology techniques, a single-cell parallel plates rheometer to probe whole-cell mechanics and optical tweezers to probe intracellular rheology, we show that cell mechanics discriminates human glioma cells of different grades. When probed globally, grade IV glioblastoma cells are softer than grade III astrocytoma cells, while they are surprisingly stiffer at the intracellular level. We explain this difference between global and local intracellular behaviours by changes in the composition and spatial organization of the cytoskeleton, and by changes in nuclear mechanics. Our study highlights the need to combine rheology techniques for potential diagnostic or prognostic methods based on cancer cell mechanophenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Alibert
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - David Pereira
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France; Laboratoire Matières et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR7057, Université Paris-Diderot, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Lardier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Atef Asnacios
- Laboratoire Matières et Systèmes Complexes, Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR7057, Université Paris-Diderot, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Manneville
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 144, 26 Rue D'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.
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42
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Study on the Similarity of Biomechanical Behavior between Gelatin and Porcine Liver. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:7021636. [PMID: 32908907 PMCID: PMC7463373 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7021636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a natural polymer, gelatin is increasingly being used as a substitute for animals or humans for the simulation and testing of surgical procedures. In the current study, the similarity verification was neglected and a 10 wt.% or 20 wt.% gelatin sample was used directly. To compare the mechanical similarities between gelatin and biological tissues, different concentrations of gelatin samples were subjected to tensile, compression, and indentation tests and compared with porcine liver tissue. The loading rate in the three tests fully considered the surgical application conditions; notably, a loading speed up to 12 mm/s was applied in the indentation testing, the tensile test was performed at a speed of 1 mm/s until fracture, and the compression tests were compressed at a rate of 0.16 mm/s and 1 mm/s. A comparison of the results shows that the mechanical behaviors of low-concentration gelatin samples involved in the study are similar to the mechanical behavior of porcine liver tissue. The results of the gelatin material were mathematically expressed by the Mooney-Rivlin model and the Prony series. The results show that the material properties of gelatin can mimic the range of mechanical characteristics of porcine liver, and gelatin can be used as a matrix to further improve the similarity between substitute materials and biological tissues.
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43
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Graybill PM, Bollineni RK, Sheng Z, Davalos RV, Mirzaeifar R. A constriction channel analysis of astrocytoma stiffness and disease progression. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:024103. [PMID: 33763160 PMCID: PMC7968935 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that cancer cells tend to have reduced stiffness (Young's modulus) compared to their healthy counterparts. The mechanical properties of primary brain cancer cells, however, have remained largely unstudied. To investigate whether the stiffness of primary brain cancer cells decreases as malignancy increases, we used a microfluidic constriction channel device to deform healthy astrocytes and astrocytoma cells of grade II, III, and IV and measured the entry time, transit time, and elongation. Calculating cell stiffness directly from the experimental measurements is not possible. To overcome this challenge, finite element simulations of the cell entry into the constriction channel were used to train a neural network to calculate the stiffness of the analyzed cells based on their experimentally measured diameter, entry time, and elongation in the channel. Our study provides the first calculation of stiffness for grades II and III astrocytoma and is the first to apply a neural network analysis to determine cell mechanical properties from a constriction channel device. Our results suggest that the stiffness of astrocytoma cells is not well-correlated with the cell grade. Furthermore, while other non-central-nervous-system cell types typically show reduced stiffness of malignant cells, we found that most astrocytoma cell lines had increased stiffness compared to healthy astrocytes, with lower-grade astrocytoma having higher stiffness values than grade IV glioblastoma. Differences in nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio only partly explain differences in stiffness values. Although our study does have limitations, our results do not show a strong correlation of stiffness with cell grade, suggesting that other factors may play important roles in determining the invasive capability of astrocytoma. Future studies are warranted to further elucidate the mechanical properties of astrocytoma across various pathological grades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. K. Bollineni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Z. Sheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Virginia Tech Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, USA
| | - R. V. Davalos
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - R. Mirzaeifar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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Buchberger A, Saini H, Eliato KR, Zare A, Merkley R, Xu Y, Bernal J, Ros R, Nikkhah M, Stephanopoulos N. Reversible Control of Gelatin Hydrogel Stiffness by Using DNA Crosslinkers*. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1755-1760. [PMID: 33484601 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials with dynamically tunable properties are critical for a range of applications in regenerative medicine and basic biology. In this work, we show the reversible control of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel stiffness through the use of DNA crosslinkers. We replaced some of the inter-GelMA crosslinks with double-stranded DNA, allowing for their removal through toehold-mediated strand displacement. The crosslinks could be restored by adding fresh dsDNA with complementary handles to those on the hydrogel. The elastic modulus (G') of the hydrogels could be tuned between 500 and 1000 Pa, reversibly, over two cycles without degradation of performance. By functionalizing the gels with a second DNA strand, it was possible to control the crosslink density and a model ligand in an orthogonal fashion with two different displacement strands. Our results demonstrate the potential for DNA to reversibly control both stiffness and ligand presentation in a protein-based hydrogel, and will be useful for teasing apart the spatiotemporal behavior of encapsulated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Buchberger
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 877301, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Harpinder Saini
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E. Tyler mall, ECG 334A, Tempe AZ, 85287, USA.,Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Kiarash Rahmani Eliato
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, 550 E Tyler Drive, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871504, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.,Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Azadeh Zare
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, 550 E Tyler Drive, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871504, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.,Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Ryan Merkley
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 877301, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 877301, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Julio Bernal
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 877301, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Robert Ros
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, 550 E Tyler Drive, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871504, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.,Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, 501 E. Tyler mall, ECG 334A, Tempe AZ, 85287, USA.,Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Nicholas Stephanopoulos
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 877301, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
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45
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A two-parameter strain energy function for brain matter: An extension of the Hencky model to incorporate locking. BRAIN MULTIPHYSICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brain.2021.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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46
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Abstract
The role of the physical microenvironment in tumor development, progression, metastasis, and treatment is gaining appreciation. The emerging multidisciplinary field of the physical sciences of cancer is now embraced by engineers, physicists, cell biologists, developmental biologists, tumor biologists, and oncologists attempting to understand how physical parameters and processes affect cancer progression and treatment. Discoveries in this field are starting to be translated into new therapeutic strategies for cancer. In this Review, we propose four physical traits of tumors that contribute to tumor progression and treatment resistance: (i) elevated solid stresses (compression and tension), (ii) elevated interstitial fluid pressure, (iii) altered material properties (for example, increased tissue stiffness, which historically has been used to detect cancer by palpation), and (iv) altered physical microarchitecture. After defining these physical traits, we discuss their causes, consequences, and how they complement the biological hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi T Nia
- Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lance L Munn
- Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. .,Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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47
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Abstract
The study aims to investigate the role of viscoelastic interactions between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) in avascular tumor growth. Computer simulations of glioma multicellular tumor spheroid (MTS) growth are being carried out for various conditions. The calculations are based on a continuous model, which simulates oxygen transport into MTS; transitions between three cell phenotypes, cell transport, conditioned by hydrostatic forces in cell–ECM composite system, cell motility and cell adhesion. Visco-elastic cell aggregation and elastic ECM scaffold represent two compressible constituents of the composite. Cell–ECM interactions form a Transition Layer on the spheroid surface, where mechanical characteristics of tumor undergo rapid transition. This layer facilitates tumor progression to a great extent. The study demonstrates strong effects of ECM stiffness, mechanical deformations of the matrix and cell–cell adhesion on tumor progression. The simulations show in particular that at certain, rather high degrees of matrix stiffness a formation of distant multicellular clusters takes place, while at further increase of ECM stiffness subtumors do not form. The model also illustrates to what extent mere mechanical properties of cell–ECM system may contribute into variations of glioma invasion scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kalinin
- R&D Sector, Techno-Modeling Arts Ireland, Unit 8, Cul na Raithe, A91K8KR, Louth, Ireland
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48
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Chen JWE, Lumibao J, Leary S, Sarkaria JN, Steelman AJ, Gaskins HR, Harley BAC. Crosstalk between microglia and patient-derived glioblastoma cells inhibit invasion in a three-dimensional gelatin hydrogel model. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:346. [PMID: 33208156 PMCID: PMC7677841 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly form of primary brain cancer, accounting for more than 13,000 new diagnoses annually in the USA alone. Microglia are the innate immune cells within the central nervous system, acting as a front-line defense against injuries and inflammation via a process that involves transformation from a quiescent to an activated phenotype. Crosstalk between GBM cells and microglia represents an important axis to consider in the development of tissue engineering platforms to examine pathophysiological processes underlying GBM progression and therapy. METHODS This work used a brain-mimetic hydrogel system to study patient-derived glioblastoma specimens and their interactions with microglia. Here, glioblastoma cells were either cultured alone in 3D hydrogels or in co-culture with microglia in a manner that allowed secretome-based signaling but prevented direct GBM-microglia contact. Patterns of GBM cell invasion were quantified using a three-dimensional spheroid assay. Secretome and transcriptome (via RNAseq) were used to profile the consequences of GBM-microglia interactions. RESULTS Microglia displayed an activated phenotype as a result of GBM crosstalk. Three-dimensional migration patterns of patient-derived glioblastoma cells showed invasion was significantly decreased in response to microglia paracrine signaling. Potential molecular mechanisms underlying with this phenotype were identified from bioinformatic analysis of secretome and RNAseq data. CONCLUSION The data demonstrate a tissue engineered hydrogel platform can be used to investigate crosstalk between immune cells of the tumor microenvironment related to GBM progression. Such multi-dimensional models may provide valuable insight to inform therapeutic innovations to improve GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Wei Emily Chen
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jan Lumibao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Current Address: Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Leary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - H Rex Gaskins
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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49
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Distler T, Schaller E, Steinmann P, Boccaccini A, Budday S. Alginate-based hydrogels show the same complex mechanical behavior as brain tissue. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 111:103979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Antonovaite N, Hulshof LA, Hol EM, Wadman WJ, Iannuzzi D. Viscoelastic mapping of mouse brain tissue: Relation to structure and age. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 113:104159. [PMID: 33137655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that mechanical factors affect brain functioning. However, brain components responsible for regulating the physiological mechanical environment are not completely understood. To determine the relationship between structure and stiffness of brain tissue, we performed high-resolution viscoelastic mapping by dynamic indentation of the hippocampus and the cerebellum of juvenile mice brains, and quantified relative area covered by neurons (NeuN-staining), axons (neurofilament NN18-staining), astrocytes (GFAP-staining), myelin (MBP-staining) and nuclei (Hoechst-staining) of juvenile and adult mouse brain slices. Results show that brain subregions have distinct viscoelastic parameters. In gray matter (GM) regions, the storage modulus correlates negatively with the relative area of nuclei and neurons, and positively with astrocytes. The storage modulus also correlates negatively with the relative area of myelin and axons (high cell density regions are excluded). Furthermore, adult brain regions are ∼ 20%-150% stiffer than the comparable juvenile regions which coincide with increase in astrocyte GFAP-staining. Several linear regression models are examined to predict the mechanical properties of the brain tissue based on (immuno)histochemical stainings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelda Antonovaite
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lianne A Hulshof
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wytse J Wadman
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Iannuzzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, VU Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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