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Nutma S, Beishuizen A, van den Bergh WM, Foudraine NA, le Feber J, Filius PMG, Cornet AD, van der Palen J, van Putten MJAM, Hofmeijer J. Ghrelin for Neuroprotection in Post-Cardiac Arrest Coma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 2024; 81:603-610. [PMID: 38709502 PMCID: PMC11074931 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Importance Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival rates have markedly risen in the last decades, but neurological outcome only improved marginally. Despite research on more than 20 neuroprotective strategies involving patients in comas after cardiac arrest, none have demonstrated unequivocal evidence of efficacy; however, treatment with acyl-ghrelin has shown improved functional and histological brain recovery in experimental models of cardiac arrest and was safe in a wide variety of human study populations. Objective To determine safety and potential efficacy of intravenous acyl-ghrelin to improve neurological outcome in patients in a coma after cardiac arrest. Design, Setting, and Participants A phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized clinical trial, Ghrelin Treatment of Comatose Patients After Cardiac Arrest: A Clinical Trial to Promote Cerebral Recovery (GRECO), was conducted between January 18, 2019, and October 17, 2022. Adult patients 18 years or older who were in a comatose state after cardiac arrest were assessed for eligibility; patients were from 3 intensive care units in the Netherlands. Expected death within 48 hours or unfeasibility of treatment initiation within 12 hours were exclusion criteria. Interventions Patients were randomized to receive intravenous acyl-ghrelin, 600 μg (intervention group), or placebo (control group) within 12 hours after cardiac arrest, continued for 7 days, twice daily, in addition to standard care. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was the score on the Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) scale at 6 months. Safety outcomes included any serious adverse events. Secondary outcomes were mortality and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels on days 1 and 3. Results A total of 783 adult patients in a coma after cardiac arrest were assessed for eligibility, and 160 patients (median [IQR] age, 68 [57-75] years; 120 male [75%]) were enrolled. A total of 81 patients (51%) were assigned to the intervention group, and 79 (49%) were assigned to the control group. The common odds ratio (OR) for any CPC improvement in the intervention group was 1.78 (95% CI, 0.98-3.22; P = .06). This was consistent over all CPC categories. Mean (SD) NSE levels on day 1 after cardiac arrest were significantly lower in the intervention group (34 [6] μg/L vs 56 [13] μg/L; P = .04) and on day 3 (28 [6] μg/L vs 52 [14] μg/L; P = .08). Serious adverse events were comparable in incidence and type between the groups. Mortality was 37% (30 of 81) in the intervention group vs 51% (40 of 79) in the control group (absolute risk reduction, 14%; 95% CI, -2% to 29%; P = .08). Conclusions and Relevance In patients in a coma after cardiac arrest, intravenous treatment with acyl-ghrelin was safe and potentially effective to improve neurological outcome. Phase 3 trials are needed for conclusive evidence. Trial Registration Clinicaltrialsregister.eu: EUCTR2018-000005-23-NL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoukje Nutma
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Albertus Beishuizen
- Department of Critical Care, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Walter M. van den Bergh
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Joost le Feber
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander D. Cornet
- Department of Critical Care, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Job van der Palen
- Department of Epidemiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Section of Cognition, Data and Education, Faculty of Behavioral, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Michel J. A. M. van Putten
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jeannette Hofmeijer
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Technical Medical Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
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Kong J, Teng C, Liu F, Wang X, Zhou Y, Zong Y, Wan Z, Qin J, Yu B, Mi D, Wang Y. Enhancing regeneration and repair of long-distance peripheral nerve defect injuries with continuous microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1361590. [PMID: 38406586 PMCID: PMC10885699 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1361590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peripheral nerve injuries, especially those involving long-distance deficits, pose significant challenges in clinical repair. This study explores the potential of continuous microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation (cMENS) as an adjunctive strategy to promote regeneration and repair in such cases. Methods The study initially optimized cMENS parameters and assessed its impact on Schwann cell activity, neurotrophic factor secretion, and the nerve regeneration microenvironment. Subsequently, a rat sciatic nerve defect-bridge repair model was employed to evaluate the reparative effects of cMENS as an adjuvant treatment. Functional recovery was assessed through gait analysis, motor function tests, and nerve conduction assessments. Additionally, nerve regeneration and denervated muscle atrophy were observed through histological examination. Results The study identified a 10-day regimen of 100uA microcurrent stimulation as optimal. Evaluation focused on Schwann cell activity and the microenvironment, revealing the positive impact of cMENS on maintaining denervated Schwann cell proliferation and enhancing neurotrophic factor secretion. In the rat model of sciatic nerve defect-bridge repair, cMENS demonstrated superior effects compared to control groups, promoting motor function recovery, nerve conduction, and sensory and motor neuron regeneration. Histological examinations revealed enhanced maturation of regenerated nerve fibers and reduced denervated muscle atrophy. Discussion While cMENS shows promise as an adjuvant treatment for long-distance nerve defects, future research should explore extended stimulation durations and potential synergies with tissue engineering grafts to improve outcomes. This study contributes comprehensive evidence supporting the efficacy of cMENS in enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Kong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cheng Teng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fenglan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuzhaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Zong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zixin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Daguo Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Nantong City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Yaxian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Liu Z, Cheng P, Feng T, Xie Z, Yang M, Chen Z, Hu S, Han D, Chen W. Nrf2/HO-1 blocks TXNIP/NLRP3 interaction via elimination of ROS in oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal necroptosis. Brain Res 2023; 1817:148482. [PMID: 37442251 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is known to trigger a cascade of inflammatory events that induces secondary tissue damages. As a type of regulated inflammatory cell death, necroptosis is associated with AIS, whilst its regulation during neuroinflammation is not well understood. In particular, the actual function of NOD-like-receptor family pyrin domain-containing-3(NLRP3) inflammasome in cortical neuronal necroptosis still not clear. Herein, we explored the function of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) induced neuronal necroptosis and its underlying mechanism. To establish an in vitro model of neuronal necrosis, we used OGD/caspase-8 inhibitors (Q-VD-OPh, QVD) to treat rat primary cortical neurons (PCNs) after reoxygenation, wherein we found that the model cause an elevated ROS levels by mediating TXNIP/NLRP3 interactions, which in turn activated the NLRP3 inflammasome. Also, we observed that regulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) promoted heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and decreased TXNIP (a protein that relate oxidative stress to activation of inflammasome) and ROS levels, which negatively regulated the expression of OGD-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. In addition, HO-1 weakened NLRP3 inflammation body activation, which suggests that Nrf2-regulated HO-1 could block the interaction between TXNIP and NLRP3 in OGD/R-treated cortical neurons by inhibiting ROS production. Our study has discovered the importance of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling cascade for inhibiting inflammasome of NLRP3, which negatively regulated necrosis. Therefore, NLRP3 is considered a potential target for a novel neuroprotective approach, which can expand the therapeutic windows of stroke drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, China
| | - Meifang Yang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Zhiren Chen
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Shuqun Hu
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Dong Han
- Institute of Emergency Rescue Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital/The Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University/ XuZhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, China.
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Lamberti M, Tripathi S, van Putten MJAM, Marzen S, le Feber J. Prediction in cultured cortical neural networks. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad188. [PMID: 37383023 PMCID: PMC10299080 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Theory suggest that networks of neurons may predict their input. Prediction may underlie most aspects of information processing and is believed to be involved in motor and cognitive control and decision-making. Retinal cells have been shown to be capable of predicting visual stimuli, and there is some evidence for prediction of input in the visual cortex and hippocampus. However, there is no proof that the ability to predict is a generic feature of neural networks. We investigated whether random in vitro neuronal networks can predict stimulation, and how prediction is related to short- and long-term memory. To answer these questions, we applied two different stimulation modalities. Focal electrical stimulation has been shown to induce long-term memory traces, whereas global optogenetic stimulation did not. We used mutual information to quantify how much activity recorded from these networks reduces the uncertainty of upcoming stimuli (prediction) or recent past stimuli (short-term memory). Cortical neural networks did predict future stimuli, with the majority of all predictive information provided by the immediate network response to the stimulus. Interestingly, prediction strongly depended on short-term memory of recent sensory inputs during focal as well as global stimulation. However, prediction required less short-term memory during focal stimulation. Furthermore, the dependency on short-term memory decreased during 20 h of focal stimulation, when long-term connectivity changes were induced. These changes are fundamental for long-term memory formation, suggesting that besides short-term memory the formation of long-term memory traces may play a role in efficient prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Lamberti
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, PO Box 217 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Shiven Tripathi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Michel J A M van Putten
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, PO Box 217 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Marzen
- W. M. Keck Science Department, Pitzer, Scripps, and Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
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Muzzi L, Di Lisa D, Falappa M, Pepe S, Maccione A, Pastorino L, Martinoia S, Frega M. Human-Derived Cortical Neurospheroids Coupled to Passive, High-Density and 3D MEAs: A Valid Platform for Functional Tests. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040449. [PMID: 37106636 PMCID: PMC10136157 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and differentiation protocols, methods to create in-vitro human-derived neuronal networks have been proposed. Although monolayer cultures represent a valid model, adding three-dimensionality (3D) would make them more representative of an in-vivo environment. Thus, human-derived 3D structures are becoming increasingly used for in-vitro disease modeling. Achieving control over the final cell composition and investigating the exhibited electrophysiological activity is still a challenge. Thence, methodologies to create 3D structures with controlled cellular density and composition and platforms capable of measuring and characterizing the functional aspects of these samples are needed. Here, we propose a method to rapidly generate neurospheroids of human origin with control over cell composition that can be used for functional investigations. We show a characterization of the electrophysiological activity exhibited by the neurospheroids by using micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) with different types (i.e., passive, C-MOS, and 3D) and number of electrodes. Neurospheroids grown in free culture and transferred on MEAs exhibited functional activity that can be chemically and electrically modulated. Our results indicate that this model holds great potential for an in-depth study of signal transmission to drug screening and disease modeling and offers a platform for in-vitro functional testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Muzzi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Donatella Di Lisa
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Falappa
- 3Brain AG, 8808 Pfäffikon, Switzerland
- Corticale Srl., 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Pepe
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Laura Pastorino
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sergio Martinoia
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics, and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Frega
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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6
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Santiago J, Kreutzer J, Bossink E, Kallio P, le Feber J. Oxygen gradient generator to improve in vitro modeling of ischemic stroke. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1110083. [PMID: 37056304 PMCID: PMC10086255 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1110083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIn the core of a brain infarct, perfusion is severely impeded, and neuronal death occurs within minutes. In the penumbra, an area near the core with more remaining perfusion, cells initially remain viable, but activity is significantly reduced. In principle, the penumbra can be saved if reperfusion is established on time, making it a promising target for treatment. In vitro models with cultured neurons on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) provide a useful tool to investigate how ischemic stroke affects neuronal functioning. These models tend to be uniform, focusing on the isolated penumbra, and typically lack adjacent regions such as a core and unaffected regions (normal perfusion). However, processes in these regions may affect neuronal functioning and survival in the penumbra.Materials and methodsHere, we designed, fabricated, and characterized a cytocompatible device that generates an oxygen gradient across in vitro neuronal cultures to expose cells to hypoxia of various depths from near anoxia to near normoxia. This marks a step in the path to mimic core, penumbra, and healthy tissue, and will facilitate better in vitro modeling of ischemic stroke.ResultsThe generator forms a stable and reproducible gradient within 30 min. Oxygen concentrations at the extremes are adjustable in a physiologically relevant range. Application of the generator did not negatively affect electrophysiological recordings or the viability of cultures, thus confirming the cytocompatibility of the device.DiscussionThe developed device is able to impose an oxygen gradient on neuronal cultures and may enrich in vitro stroke models.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Santiago
- Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Joose Kreutzer
- Micro and Nanosystems Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elsbeth Bossink
- Biomedical and Environmental Sensor Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Pasi Kallio
- Micro and Nanosystems Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joost le Feber
- Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Joost le Feber,
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Jiang XH, Li HF, Chen ML, Zhang YX, Chen HB, Chen RH, Xiao YC, Liu N. Treadmill exercise exerts a synergistic effect with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on neuronal apoptosis and synaptic-axonal remodeling. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1293-1299. [PMID: 36453414 PMCID: PMC9838147 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.357900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Treadmill exercise and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation are both practical and effective methods for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. However, whether there is a synergistic effect between the two remains unclear. In this study, we established rat models of ischemia/reperfusion injury by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 2 hours and reperfusion for 24 hours. Rat models were perfused with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) via the tail vein and underwent 14 successive days of treadmill exercise. Neurological assessment, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry results revealed decreased neuronal apoptosis and cerebral infarct volume, evident synaptic formation and axonal regeneration, and remarkably recovered neurological function in rats subjected to treadmill exercise and MSC-exos treatment. These effects were superior to those in rats subjected to treadmill exercise or MSC-exos treatment alone. Mechanistically, further investigation revealed that the activation of JNK1/c-Jun signaling pathways regulated neuronal apoptosis and synaptic-axonal remodeling. These findings suggest that treadmill exercise may exhibit a synergistic effect with MSC-exos treatment, which may be related to activation of the JNK1/c-Jun signaling pathway. This study provides novel theoretical evidence for the clinical application of treadmill exercise combined with MSC-exos treatment for ischemic cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hong Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Fujian Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hang-Feng Li
- Department of Neurology, Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Man-Li Chen
- Fujian Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yi-Xian Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Fujian Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- Fujian Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Rong-Hua Chen
- Fujian Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ying-Chun Xiao
- Fujian Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Fujian Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China,Correspondence to: Nan Liu, .
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Bayat FK, Alp Mİ, Bostan S, Gülçür HÖ, Öztürk G, Güveniş A. An improved platform for cultured neuronal network electrophysiology: multichannel optogenetics integrated with MEAs. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2022; 51:503-514. [PMID: 35930029 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-022-01613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cultured neuronal networks (CNNs) are powerful tools for studying how neuronal representation and adaptation emerge in networks of controlled populations of neurons. To ensure the interaction of a CNN and an artificial setting, reliable operation in both open and closed loops should be provided. In this study, we integrated optogenetic stimulation with microelectrode array (MEA) recordings using a digital micromirror device and developed an improved research tool with a 64-channel interface for neuronal network control and data acquisition. We determined the ideal stimulation parameters including light intensity, frequency, and duty cycle for our configuration. This resulted in robust and reproducible neuronal responses. We also demonstrated both open and closed loop configurations in the new platform involving multiple bidirectional channels. Unlike previous approaches that combined optogenetic stimulation and MEA recordings, we did not use binary grid patterns, but assigned an adjustable-size, non-binary optical spot to each electrode. This approach allowed simultaneous use of multiple input-output channels and facilitated adaptation of the stimulation parameters. Hence, we advanced a 64-channel interface in that each channel can be controlled individually in both directions simultaneously without any interference or interrupts. The presented setup meets the requirements of research in neuronal plasticity, network encoding and representation, closed-loop control of firing rate and synchronization. Researchers who develop closed-loop control techniques and adaptive stimulation strategies for network activity will benefit much from this novel setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kemal Bayat
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - M İkbal Alp
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevginur Bostan
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Özcan Gülçür
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Öztürk
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Albert Güveniş
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Maximum entropy models provide functional connectivity estimates in neural networks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9656. [PMID: 35688933 PMCID: PMC9187636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tools to estimate brain connectivity offer the potential to enhance our understanding of brain functioning. The behavior of neuronal networks, including functional connectivity and induced connectivity changes by external stimuli, can be studied using models of cultured neurons. Cultured neurons tend to be active in groups, and pairs of neurons are said to be functionally connected when their firing patterns show significant synchronicity. Methods to infer functional connections are often based on pair-wise cross-correlation between activity patterns of (small groups of) neurons. However, these methods are not very sensitive to detect inhibitory connections, and they were not designed for use during stimulation. Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) models may provide a conceptually different method to infer functional connectivity. They have the potential benefit to estimate functional connectivity during stimulation, and to infer excitatory as well as inhibitory connections. MaxEnt models do not involve pairwise comparison, but aim to capture probability distributions of sets of neurons that are synchronously active in discrete time bins. We used electrophysiological recordings from in vitro neuronal cultures on micro electrode arrays to investigate the ability of MaxEnt models to infer functional connectivity. Connectivity estimates provided by MaxEnt models correlated well with those obtained by conditional firing probabilities (CFP), an established cross-correlation based method. In addition, stimulus-induced connectivity changes were detected by MaxEnt models, and were of the same magnitude as those detected by CFP. Thus, MaxEnt models provide a potentially powerful new tool to study functional connectivity in neuronal networks.
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The Association between Hypoxia-Induced Low Activity and Apoptosis Strongly Resembles That between TTX-Induced Silencing and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052754. [PMID: 35269895 PMCID: PMC8911517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the penumbra of a brain infarct, neurons initially remain structurally intact, but perfusion is insufficient to maintain neuronal activity at physiological levels. Improving neuronal recovery in the penumbra has large potential to advance recovery of stroke patients, but penumbral pathology is incompletely understood, and treatments are scarce. We hypothesize that low activity in the penumbra is associated with apoptosis and thus contributes to irreversible neuronal damage. We explored the putative relationship between low neuronal activity and apoptosis in cultured neurons exposed to variable durations of hypoxia or TTX. We combined electrophysiology and live apoptosis staining in 42 cultures, and compared effects of hypoxia and TTX silencing in terms of network activity and apoptosis. Hypoxia rapidly reduced network activity, but cultures showed limited apoptosis during the first 12 h. After 24 h, widespread apoptosis had occurred. This was associated with full activity recovery observed upon reoxygenation within 12 h, but not after 24 h. Similarly, TTX exposure strongly reduced activity, with full recovery upon washout within 12 h, but not after 24 h. Mean temporal evolution of apoptosis in TTX-treated cultures was the same as in hypoxic cultures. These results suggest that prolonged low activity may be a common factor in the pathways towards apoptosis.
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Kravtsov A, Kozin S, Basov A, Butina E, Baryshev M, Malyshko V, Moiseev A, Elkina A, Dzhimak S. Reduction of Deuterium Level Supports Resistance of Neurons to Glucose Deprivation and Hypoxia: Study in Cultures of Neurons and on Animals. Molecules 2021; 27:243. [PMID: 35011474 PMCID: PMC8746303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a reduced deuterium (D) content in the incubation medium on the survival of cultured neurons in vitro and under glucose deprivation was studied. In addition, we studied the effect of a decrease in the deuterium content in the rat brain on oxidative processes in the nervous tissue, its antioxidant protection, and training of rats in the T-shaped maze test under hypoxic conditions. For experiments with cultures of neurons, 7-8-day cultures of cerebellar neurons were used. Determination of the rate of neuronal death in cultures was carried out using propidium iodide. Acute hypoxia with hypercapnia was simulated in rats by placing them in sealed vessels with a capacity of 1 L. The effect on oxidative processes in brain tissues was assessed by changes in the level of free radical oxidation and malondialdehyde. The effect on the antioxidant system of the brain was assessed by the activity of catalase. The study in the T-maze was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted methodology, the skill of alternating right-sided and left-sided loops on positive reinforcement was developed. This work has shown that a decrease in the deuterium content in the incubation medium to a level of -357‱ has a neuroprotective effect, increasing the survival rate of cultured neurons under glucose deprivation. When exposed to hypoxia, a preliminary decrease in the deuterium content in the rat brain to -261‱ prevents the development of oxidative stress in their nervous tissue and preserves the learning ability of animals in the T-shaped maze test at the level of the control group. A similar protective effect during the modification of the 2H/1H internal environment of the body by the consumption of DDW can potentially be used for the prevention of pathological conditions associated with the development of oxidative stress with damage to the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Kravtsov
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Stanislav Kozin
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Alexandr Basov
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry, Kuban State Medical University, 350063 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Elena Butina
- Department of Technology of Fats, Cosmetics, Commodity Science, Processes and Devices, Kuban State Technological University, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia;
| | - Mikhail Baryshev
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
- Department of Technology of Fats, Cosmetics, Commodity Science, Processes and Devices, Kuban State Technological University, 350072 Krasnodar, Russia;
| | - Vadim Malyshko
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry, Kuban State Medical University, 350063 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Arkady Moiseev
- Department of Organization and Support of Scientific Activities, Kuban State Agrarian University, 350044 Krasnodar, Russia;
| | - Anna Elkina
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
- Department of Physics, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 109004 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan Dzhimak
- Department of Radiophysics and Nanothechnology, Physics Faculty, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (A.K.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (A.E.)
- South Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Problems of Stable Isotope Spreading in Living Systems, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
- The V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Experimental Clinic—Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances of Animal Origin, 109316 Moscow, Russia
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Pires Monteiro S, Voogd E, Muzzi L, De Vecchis G, Mossink B, Levers M, Hassink G, Van Putten M, Le Feber J, Hofmeijer J, Frega M. Neuroprotective effect of hypoxic preconditioning and neuronal activation in a in vitro human model of the ischemic penumbra. J Neural Eng 2021; 18:036016. [PMID: 33724235 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/abe68a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In ischemic stroke, treatments to protect neurons from irreversible damage are urgently needed. Studies in animal models have shown that neuroprotective treatments targeting neuronal silencing improve brain recovery, but in clinical trials none of these were effective in patients. This failure of translation poses doubts on the real efficacy of treatments tested and on the validity of animal models for human stroke. Here, we established a human neuronal model of the ischemic penumbra by using human induced pluripotent stem cells and we provided an in-depth characterization of neuronal responses to hypoxia and treatment strategies at the network level. APPROACH We generated neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from healthy donor and we cultured them on micro-electrode arrays. We measured the electrophysiological activity of human neuronal networks under controlled hypoxic conditions. We tested the effect of different treatment strategies on neuronal network functionality. MAIN RESULTS Human neuronal networks are vulnerable to hypoxia reflected by a decrease in activity and synchronicity under low oxygen conditions. We observe that full, partial or absent recovery depend on the timing of re-oxygenation and we provide a critical time threshold that, if crossed, is associated with irreversible impairments. We found that hypoxic preconditioning improves resistance to a second hypoxic insult. Finally, in contrast to previously tested, ineffective treatments, we show that stimulatory treatments counteracting neuronal silencing during hypoxia, such as optogenetic stimulation, are neuroprotective. SIGNIFICANCE We presented a human neuronal model of the ischemic penumbra and we provided insights that may offer the basis for novel therapeutic approaches for patients after stroke. The use of human neurons might improve drug discovery and translation of findings to patients and might open new perspectives for personalized investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pires Monteiro
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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Hao R, Sun B, Yang L, Ma C, Li S. RVG29-modified microRNA-loaded nanoparticles improve ischemic brain injury by nasal delivery. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:772-781. [PMID: 32400219 PMCID: PMC7269067 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1760960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective nose-to-brain delivery needs to be developed to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Regulating miR-124 can effectively improve the symptoms of ischemic brain injury and provide a certain protective effect from brain damage after cerebral ischemia. We used rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (t-MCAO) with ischemic brain injury, and we delivered RVG29-NPs-miR124 intranasally to treat neurological damage after cerebral ischemia. Rhoa and neurological scores in rats treated by intranasal administration of RVG29-PEG-PLGA/miRNA-124 were significantly lower than those in PEG-PLGA/miRNA-124 nasal administration and RVG29-PLGA/miRNA-124 nasal administration group treated rats. These results indicate that the nose-to-brain delivery of PLGA/miRNA-124 conjugated with PEG and RVG29 alleviated the symptoms of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, nasal delivery of RVG29-PEG-PLGA/miRNA-124 could be a new method for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Hao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, ChangChun, Jilin, China
| | - Bixi Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, Jilin, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese medicine, ChangChun, Jilin, China
| | - Chun Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese medicine, ChangChun, Jilin, China
| | - Shuling Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese medicine, ChangChun, Jilin, China
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